cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A short-run analysis of the effects of portfolio realignments due to money market innovations

Abstract This paper develops a model of the financial sector that includes two highly liquid assets. These assets can be utilized as transaction balances, one of which pays a market determined rate of interest. The paper relates several recent money market innovations to this analytic framework. The model is then used to examine the effects on interest rates and monetary aggregates of a shift into the interest paying transaction asset. These effects are found to be highly dependent on the strategy of monetary control pursued by the central bank.
Usefulness of esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing with quantitative two-dimensional echocardiography for diagnosing coronary artery disease.

Abstract Noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease (CAD) is difficult in patients who are unable to exercise. In this study esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing was used as a myocardial stress not requiring exercise, and changes in ejection fraction and pressure volume ratio during pacing with 2-dimensional echocardiography were quantitatively analyzed. All patients had completed a Bruce protocol treadmill exercise test and had undergone coronary arteriography. Of 26 patients, 22 were successfully paced (85%). Comparable rate-pressure products were obtained for treadmill exercise (23,500 ± 5,900 mm Hg/min) and pacing (24,100 ± 4,400 mm Hg/min; difference not significant). Of the 22 patients completing the study 8 had normal coronary arteries (group I) and 14 had CAD (group II). The change in ejection fraction with pacing in group I patients was not significant (3 ±8%). In group II ejection fraction decreased with pacing (−8 ± 13%; p = 0.025). The pressure/volume ratio increased in group I with pacing (3.8 ± 1.8 mm Hg/ min/m 2 ; p = 0.05) and was unchanged in group II (0.3 ± 1.8 mm Hg/min/m 2 ; difference not significant). Using an ejection fraction decrease with pacing or a failure to increase pressure/volume ratio with pacing as criterion for the presence of CAD, similar predictive accuracies were obtained when compared to treadmill exercise testing. Esophageal pill electrode atrial pacing with quantitative 2-dimensional echocardiography may be a useful noninvasive, nonexercise method to detect CAD.
Optimizing Thermodynamic Parameters to Match Methane and Ethane Structural Transition in Natural Gas Hydrate Equilibria

: A simple natural gas mixture (methane and ethane) when mixed with water to form natural gas hydrates can exhibit complex phase equilibria. In this case, two structure I hydrate formers when combined form a structure II hydrate under certain conditions. Optimized Kihara parameters were derived from experimental data using the statistical thermodynamics model based on the van der Waals and Platteeuw theory and using the Kihara spherical core potential for the guest-water interactions. The parameters were based upon both pure component data and the structural transition point, with the intent of better predictions over the remainder of the phase diagram.
New algorithms for circuit simulation of device breakdown

Numerical algorithms that enable extension of device models into avalanche breakdown region without disturbing the convergence of modified nodal-analysis-based circuit simulators are introduced. Details of model implementation into circuit simulators are presented along with applications. In particular, circuit-level simulation of nondestructive electrostatic discharge phenomena is discussed along with the time-step size on the simulation of negative resistance structures. >
Chronic hypoxia decreases KV channel expression and function in pulmonary artery myocytes

Activity of voltage-gated K+ (KV) channels regulates membrane potential (E m) and cytosolic free Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]cyt). A rise in [Ca2+]cyt in pulmonary artery (PA) smooth muscle cells (SMC...
Development of an integrated network manager for heterogeneous networks using OSI standards and object-oriented techniques

The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is using an increasing number of interconnected, heterogeneous telecommunications networks. The FAA is looking at new ways of automating the operations and maintenance activities of these networks in a cost-effective manner in a rapidly changing environment. Open system interconnection (OSI) standards provide a structure for dealing with multivendor systems and network management problems, including mechanisms for monitoring, controlling, and coordinating resources, as well as protocol standards for communicating information about these resources. An example of a standards-based open system for network and services management is a prototype system being developed by the Center for Advanced Aviation System Development (CAASD) and the FAA for managing telecommunications networks and services at Air Route Traffic Control Centers (ARTCCs). This system, the Telecommunications ARTCC Prototype (TAP), is being developed to integrate the various existing communications management capabilities at the ARTCC into a single management system. Following OSI standards and object-oriented techniques provides a concept and structure for a distributed management architecture. The syntax and semantics for management information and functions specified in the standards provide an understanding and definition of the operations to be performed and the information to be collected and communicated. The paper provides an overview of the prototype architecture, describes how OSI standards and object-oriented techniques were applied and interpreted to meet the specific requirements of the ARTCC. >
High-Power Optically Pumped Semiconductor Laser at 1040 nm

We demonstrate near-diffraction limited (M 2 ? 1.5) output up to 23.8 W with optical-to-optical efficiency 27% and slope efficiency 32.4% and 40.7 W of multimode output from an optically pumped semiconductor laser at 1040 nm. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence measurements confirm accurate epitaxial growth according to the design thereby enhancing the effective gain.
Visible-Near Infrared Absorbing Dithienylcyclopentadienone-Thiophene Copolymers for Organic Thin-Film Transistors

Structural design, synthesis, and characterization of a series of organic semiconductors consisting exclusively of dithienylcyclopentadienone subunits within a polythiophene backbone are described as the first example for organic electronic devices. The donor (thiophene)-alt-acceptor (cyclopentadienone) copolymers exhibit a substantial p-carrier mobility in OFET but an unexpected noncorrelation between absorption and photoconductivity.
LESSONS LEARNED AS A SE‐CMM AUTHOR

Developing a maturity model, as I had occasion to do with the Industrial Collaboration's Systems Engineering Capability Maturity Model (SE-CMM), was a lengthy journey over partially charted waters. Some lessons our authoring and management team learned are described, a brief history of the effort is given, along with a short description of SE-CMM and its future plans.
An in situ field‐ion microscope research of radiation damage in tungsten

SUMMARY Results of experiments in which tungsten was irradiated in situ in the field-ion microscope with inert gas ions are described. Tungsten field-ion specimens were irradiated at 78 K with ions in the 0.5–9 keV energy range. Sputtering and displacement of surface atoms which had occurred during irradiation were observed directly in field-ion images. Large scale damage such as vacancy clusters were rarely found. From the ion acceleration voltage and the accommodation coefficient, the displacement energy of tungsten surface atoms in the electric field of about 44 MV/mm is estimated as nearly 22 eV. Damage was observed on the shielded side of the tip apex as well as on the ion incident side, and this fact is discussed in comparison with the channelling of ions in tungsten.
Immunity to Chlamydial Infections of the Eye III. Presence and Duration of Delayed Hypersensitivity to Guinea Pig Inclusion Conjunctivitis

Guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis, a chlamydial infection of the eye, induced systemic, delayed hypersensitivity as measured by skin testing and by the macrophage-migration inhibition (MI) assay. Four to 6 days after infection positive skin reactions marked the onset of delayed hypersensitivity. Skin reactions were larger and more positive from days 11 through 83 post-infection; smaller and less positive reactions were observed on days 350 to 850. The results of the MI assay correlated well with skin tests. Circulating and eye secretion antibodies appeared by day 11 and were still present in low titers by day 850. These results indicate that the ocular, chlamydial infection induced long lasting, systemic responses in the circulating, secretory, and cell-mediated immune systems. The role of cell-mediated immunity in resistance to chlamydial reinfection of the eye is discussed.
Coercive Measures in Health Promotion: Can They be Justified?

Though environmental hazards and lack of medical care continue to threaten the public's health, much recent attention has turned to the role of destructive health-related behavior. If, as Fuchs suggests, changing behavior patterns is the most powerful alternative open to advanced countries in the pursuit of health, the role of the health educator is likely to grow more prominent relative to other health-care professionals. At the same time, that role may change. A campaign to solve the nation's health problems by altering habits of living may require methods which are stronger than the traditional health educator's efforts to facilitate and inform. This paper examines the coercive aspects of some of these possible measures and surveys the moral justifications for a policy of using coercion to bring about the desired changes in health-related behavior. Three such arguments are most plausible: that the coercion is justified by the social benefit; by the benefit to the coerced; and by a right of others in society to prevent the self-destructive individual from placing unfair burdens upon them.
Putting some numbers on the TRIPS pharmaceutical debate

This paper estimates the changes in prices, profits and social welfare arising from increased patent protection for pharmaceuticals in a number of developing countries. Two market structures are proposed and comparisons are made between the situations where there is no patent protection and after the introduction of patent protection. The monopolist model of the post–patent market structure is refined by introducing a Nash–Bertrand duopoly, with non–patentees acting under compulsory licences and the same comparisons made. Lags between the adoption of legislation and its impact are discussed and the effects of retroactive legislation compared with non–retroactive patenting. Prices of patented drugs in three countries are then compared and possible price changes discussed. Finally, for larger countries, or a group of small countries, the effects of patent protection are calculated for the same scenarios and the incentives for increased research and development examined. The paper concludes that the effects of patent protection are sensitive to assumptions about market structure and price elasticity.
Effect of intraportal calcium infusion on insulin and glucagon secretion and hepatic glucose output in anesthetized dogs.

The effects of 2-h intraportal infusion of calcium chloride (8 mg/kg-h) on insulin and glucagon secretion, hepatic extraction of insulin (E1) and glucagon (EGG), and hepatic glucose output (HGO) were studied in six anesthetized mongrel dogs. Since insulin and glucagon have antagonistic effects on HGO, insulin:glucagon molar ratios (I:GG) were also determined in ; portal venous and femoral arterial blood. The calcium infusion increased the portal serum calcium concentration approximately 30% (P < 0.001). The plasma flow in the hepatic artery concomitantly decreased by 40% (P < 0.005). Initially, the insulin secretion into the portal vein was unchanged, but it then fell by 36% (P < 0.01) toward the end of the calcium infusion. In contrast, the secretion of glucagon into the portal vein increased to 48% above the control level (P < 0.05) by the time the calcium infusion was stopped. Neither hepatic extraction of insulin (control value, 66 ± 5%) nor glucagon (control value, 15 ± 11%) showed any significant ch...
The flow in a turbulent boundary layer after a change in surface roughness

The changes of surface stress in a deep boundary layer passing from a surface of one roughness to another of different roughness are described fairly accurately by theories that assume self-preserving development of the flow modifications. It has been shown that the dynamical conditions for self-preserving flow can be satisfied if the change in friction velocity is small and if log l0/z0 is large (l0 is the depth of the modified flow and z0 is the roughness length of the surface). In this paper it is shown that, if the change of friction velocity is not small, the dynamical conditions can be satisfied to a good approximation over considerable fetches if log l0/z0 is large. The flow modification is then locally self-preserving, that is, the fields of mean velocity and turbulence are in a moving equilibrium but one which changes very slowly with fetch and depends on the ratio of the initial to the current friction velocity. In the limit of a very large increase in friction velocity, the moving equilibrium is essentially that of a boundary layer developing in a non-turbulent free stream. Equations describing the flow development are derived for all changes of friction velocity, and the form of the velocity changes is discussed. For large increases of friction velocity, the depth of the modified layer is substantially less than would be expected from the theories of Elliott and of Panofsky & Townsend.
Time‐varying effect moderation using the structural nested mean model: estimation using inverse‐weighted regression with residuals

This article considers the problem of examining time-varying causal effect moderation using observational, longitudinal data in which treatment, candidate moderators, and possible confounders are time varying. The structural nested mean model (SNMM) is used to specify the moderated time-varying causal effects of interest in a conditional mean model for a continuous response given time-varying treatments and moderators. We present an easy-to-use estimator of the SNMM that combines an existing regression-with-residuals (RR) approach with an inverse-probability-of-treatment weighting (IPTW) strategy. The RR approach has been shown to identify the moderated time-varying causal effects if the time-varying moderators are also the sole time-varying confounders. The proposed IPTW+RR approach provides estimators of the moderated time-varying causal effects in the SNMM in the presence of an additional, auxiliary set of known and measured time-varying confounders. We use a small simulation experiment to compare IPTW+RR versus the traditional regression approach and to compare small and large sample properties of asymptotic versus bootstrap estimators of the standard errors for the IPTW+RR approach. This article clarifies the distinction between time-varying moderators and time-varying confounders. We illustrate the methodology in a case study to assess if time-varying substance use moderates treatment effects on future substance use.
A Genetic-Based EM Motif-Finding Algorithm for Biological Sequence Analysis

Motif-finding in biological sequence analysis remains a challenge in computational biology. Many algorithms and software packages have been developed to address the problem. The expectation maximization (EM)-type motif algorithm such as MEME is one of the most popular de novo motif discovery methods. However, as pointed out in literature, EM algorithms largely depend on their initialization and can be easily trapped in local optima. This paper proposes and implements a genetic-based EM motif-finding algorithm (GEMFA) aiming to overcome the drawbacks inherent in EM motif discovery algorithms. It first initializes a population of multiple local alignments each of which is encoded on a chromosome that represents a potential solution. GEMFA then performs heuristic search in the whole alignment space using minimum distance length (MDL) as the fitness function which is generalized from maximum log-likelihood. The genetic algorithm gradually moves this population towards the best alignment from which the motif model is derived. Simulated and real biological sequence analysis showed that GEMFA performed better than the simple multiple-restart of EM motif-finding algorithm especially in the subtle motif sequence alignment and other similar algorithms as well
Endovascular brachytherapy for treatment of bilateral renal artery in‐stent restenosis

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of renal artery stenosis is an attractive alternative to surgical therapy. However, even with endovascular stenting, the overall rate of restenosis is 21%. While brachytherapy for coronary in-stent restenosis has proven efficacy, its use for renal artery in-stent restenosis has not been formally evaluated. We report a case of bilateral in-stent renal artery restenosis treated with endovascular brachytherapy.
EXPERIMENTS WITH THEELIN AND GALACTIN ON GROWTH AND FUNCTION OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS OF THE MONKEY

The present investigation of the galactopoietic hormone of the pituitary in the monkey was undertaken for the purpose of determining optimum conditions for mammary response, the possible secondary or accompanying effects of the hormone, and the effect of theelin on conditioning the mammary glands for response to galactin. During the past five years numerous investigators have observed the galactopoietic function of certain pituitary extracts. It was concluded by Gardner and Turner (1933), and more extensively demonstrated by Riddle, Bates, and Dykshorn (1933), that the lactation-stimulating material, designated as galactin and prolactin, respectively, by these investigators, was distinct from the gonad-stimulating or growth-stimulating hormones. Riddle, Bates, and Dykshorn (1933a) also distinguished it from the thyrotropic material of the pituitary.
The living, the dead, and the expected dead: variation in life span yields little bias of proportional abundances in bivalve death assemblages

All else being equal, species with short life spans are expected to be overrepresented in time-averaged death assemblages relative to their standing abundance in the living community, but the magnitude of the distortion of proportional abundance and assemblage evenness has received little attention. Here, information from 30 data sets on the living and dead abundances of marine bivalves in local habitats is combined with a global compilation of bivalve life spans to determine whether bias from mortality rate can explain observed differences in species proportional abundances. Although bivalve maximum life spans range from one to 75 years in these data sets, indicating annual mortality rates of 0.97 to 0.09, the “life span bias” (LB) of a species—the difference between its proportional abundance expected dead and that observed alive—is consistently small in magnitude (average change <2%, maximum about 20%) and random in sign relative to observed discordance (OD = difference between that species' proportional abundance observed dead and that observed alive). The aggregate result for 413 living species occurrences is a significantly positive but weak correlation of OD to LB, with only 10% of variation in OD explained. The model performs better among longer-lived species than among shorter-lived species, probably because longer-lived species conform better to the model assumption that species maintain a constant proportional abundance in the living assemblage over time. Among individual data sets, only seven exhibit significant positive correlations between OD and LB. The model also under-predicts the cases where a death assemblage is dominated by a species that is shorter lived than the dominant species in the living assemblage, indicating that some factor(s) other than or in addition to mortality rate is responsible for OD. We can find no evidence of preservational bias linked to life span, for example through body size. This negative outcome reflects a weak biological relationship between life span and living abundance among bivalves in local habitats, contrary to the terrestrial paradigm, and points toward a simpler model of time-averaged death assemblage formation where higher abundances reflect (undersampled) past populations. Contrary to long-held expectations, variation in population turnover among species is not a major source of taphonomic bias in time-averaged death assemblages among bivalves and perhaps among other marine groups: bias must arise largely from other factors.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing by flow cytometry

The first significant development in antibiotic susceptibility testing in recent years may be the flow cytofluorometric susceptibility test (FCST). The advanced analytical capability of the flow cytometer has provided the means to measure microbial diversity in culture. Membrane integrity and other indicators of microbial viability can be evaluated on a cell-by-cell basis. The FCST measures subtle dosage-response effects as well as the conventional minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations, simultaneously, in rapid tests which have the potential to supersede conventional techniques in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility.
A method for fabricating a surgical template after denture fabrication.

PROCEDURE 1. Before submitting cast to dental laboratory, adjust the final working cast to ideal contours. 2. Allow the laboratory to process the complete immediate denture. 3. Apply a polysiloxane putty (Lab Putty; Coltene Whaledent Inc, Mahwah, N.J.) to the intaglio surface, allowing the putty to extend over the flanges of the immediate denture. Set the denture on a flat surface, creating a base of a few millimeters thickness (Fig. 1). 4. Trim the putty impression material a few millimeters lateral to the flange extensions. 5. Create a thermo-forming surgical template (Thermo-Forming Material, Clear Surgical Tray .080" Henry Schein Inc, Melville, N.Y.), using the putty impression as the matrix and trim the borders to correspond with the extension of the immediate denture flanges (Figs. 1 and 2).
Adaptive Markets and the New World Order

The traditional investment paradigm is based on several key assumptions including rational investors, stationary probability laws, and a positive linear relationship between risk and expected return with parameters that are constant over time and which can be accurately estimated. These assumptions were plausible during the “Great Modulation” — the seven decades spanning the mid-1930s to the mid-2000s in which equity markets exhibited relatively stable risk and expected returns — but have broken down during the past decade, implying temporary but significant violations of rational pricing relationships. This tension between rational and behavioral market conditions is captured by the Adaptive Markets Hypothesis (AMH), an evolutionary perspective on market dynamics in which intelligent but fallible investors learn from and adapt to changing environments. Under the AMH, markets are not always efficient, but they are highly competitive and adaptive, and can vary in their degree of efficiency as the economic environment and investor population change over time. The AMH has several new implications for financial analysis, including the possibility of negative risk premia, the transformation of alpha into beta, and the importance of macro factors and risk budgeting in asset-allocation policies.
Backdated Stock Options Ownership Impact on the Corporation, Management, & Shareholders

In the post-Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOx) world, there has been an unprecedented crackdown on fraudulent activity occurring within corporate America. During recent years, many companies have granted stock options to their executives and employees as part of compensation packages. While the issuance of stock options as a component of compensation is considered to be a legal practice, corruption has taken this corporate resource to unlawful heights. Recently, numerous corporations have been in the news for potentially backdating stock options. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to distinguish between legal and illegal aspects of backdating stock options, and to examine the ethics of such corporate activity.
A unified pore-network algorithm for dynamic two-phase flow

Abstract This paper describes recent work on image-based network modeling of multiphase flow. The algorithm expands the range of flow scenarios and boundary conditions that can be implemented using dynamic network modeling, the most significant advance being the ability to model simultaneous injection of immiscible fluids under either transient or steady-state conditions using non-periodic domains. Pore-scale saturation distributions are solved rigorously from two-phase mass conservation equations simultaneously within each pore. Results show that simulations using a periodic network fail to track saturation history because periodic domains limit how the bulk saturation can evolve over time. In contrast, simulations using a non-periodic network with fractional flow as the boundary condition can account for behavior associated with both hysteresis and saturation history, and can capture phenomena such as the long pressure and saturation tails that are observed during dynamic drainage processes. Results include a sensitivity analysis of relative permeability to different model variables, which may provide insight into mechanisms for a variety of transient, viscous dominated flow processes.
Distributed Context-Based Organization and Reorganization of Multi-AUV Systems

Many tasks requiring multiple autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are simple, with static goals, of short duration, and require few AUVs, often of the same type. Simple coordination mechanisms that assign roles to AUVs before the mission are sufficient for these multi-AUV systems. However, for tasks that are complex and dynamic, of long duration (implying that AUVs will come and go during the mission), and that have many heterogeneous AUVs, a priori organization of the system will not work. In addition, due to changes in the situation, the system will likely need to be reorganized during the mission. We are developing a distributed, context-aware self-organization/reorganization scheme for advanced multi-AUV systems. This is a two-level approach in which a meta-level organization first self-organizes, assesses the context, and uses contextual knowledge to design a task-level organization appropriate for the context that can then carry out the mission. We are extending our prior work by distributing both the context assessment process and the organization design process. The result will be a system that can self-organize efficiently and effectively for its context and that can reorganize appropriately as the context changes.
Team Teaching Qualitative Research as Academic Mentorship

Collaborative teaching is not a new phenomenon. In public schools, especially at the middle level, interdisciplinary thematic teaching teams have shown the promotion of teaching-learning connections between subject areas, teachers and students (Hayes-Jacobs, 1989). For a variety of reasons, collaborative teaching has not followed suit at the higher education level. Bess (2000) suggests that the relative functions of university professors (teaching, research and service) attribute to the competitive, isolationist structure of our current system.
RATE OF ARRHYTHMIA RECURRENCE POST-ABLATION IN ADULT CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

Catheter ablation is commonly performed to treat persistent tachyarrhythmias in adult congenital heart disease (ACHD). Despite the frequency of ablations in the ACHD population, recurrence rates remain unknown. We sought to determine the risk factors and recurrence rate for tachyarrhythmias post
HEMADSORPTION TO SECTIONS OF VIRUS-INFECTED TISSUES.

SummaryFrozen tissues infected with vaccinia, NDV and influenza were sectioned. The sections were incubated in a slide-chamber with 1% suspensions of RBC derived from various species. Hemadsorption to infected tissue sections occurred with RBC agglutin-able in the test tube by the infecting virus. Other RBC did not hemadsorb. The phenomenon could be specifically inhibited by using anti-virus sera. It was shown that the described procedure can be used as a reliable tool for detecting viral infection.
Balancing stealth and echogenic properties in an ultrasound contrast agent with drug delivery potential

Contrast agents are currently being modified to combine diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. For ultrasound (US) imaging with polymeric contrast agents, it is necessary to modify the shell to create "stealth" microbubbles but without these modifications sacrificing the agent's ability to interact with the focused US beam. We hypothesize that addition of the classic immune shielding molecule polyethylene glycol (PEG) to a polylactide (PLA) microbubble shell will affect the acoustic and physical properties of the resulting agents. In an effort to determine the best formulation to achieve a balance between stealth and acoustic activity, we compared two PEGylation techniques; addition of increasing amounts of PEG-PLA copolymer and employing incorporation of a PEG lipid (LipidPEG) into the shell. Loss of acoustic enhancement occurred in a dose-dependent manner for both types of PEGylated agents (loss of signal occurred at >5 wt% PEG-PLA and >1 wt% LipidPEG), while immune activation was also reduced in a dose-dependent manner for the PEG-PLA agents. This study shows that the balance between acoustic behavior and improved immune avoidance was scalable and successful to different degrees with both PEGylation methods, and was best achieved using for PEG-PLA at 5 wt% and for LipidPEG at 1 wt%. Studies are ongoing to evaluate the best method for the targeting and drug delivery capabilities of these agents for applications in cancer treatment. This study represents the basis for understanding the consequences of making modifications to the native polymeric shell.
Liberties and License

Reviewing the views of Coke, Locke, and Blackstone reveals the extent to which Englishmen generally shared the republican conception of liberty as laws for the common good, resting on reason and the consent of the people. Coke and Blackstone put less emphasis on popular sovereignty, though they found it in the common law of England.1 Locke gave greater thought to justifying revolution and innovation through a return to first principles. All three confirmed the existence of God-given “liberties,” founded on reason, that support the broader liberty of the commonwealth. Thomas Hobbes opposed this consensus by denying the possibility of “liberty” under government. Hobbes understood “liberties” as remnants of primordial anarchy, or license granted by an otherwise absolute sovereign. This attack on the common law of England supported power against restraint, in a conscious effort to prevent another civil war.
The Granada Plays

In both Mariana Pineda and Dona Rosita the Spinster Granada is the setting, but it is not a Granada that Lorca knew first-hand. Lorca evokes an atmosphere of the past, and in these two plays the past serves at once as an historical context for the dramatic action, and as a kind of homage on Lorca’s part to theatre of the past and to past aesthetic sensibilities that still had considerable currency in the Granada, and even the Spain that Lorca knew as a young man. The world of romantic verse drama is recalled in Lorca’s conception of Mariana Pineda; in the melancholy provincialism of Dona Rosita the Spinster the precious aesthetic of late nineteenth-century popularised modernism permeates the atmosphere, while a kind of Chekhovian poetic realism defines the play’s form and style.
Nuclear V-type ATPase. Focus on “Vacuolar H+-ATPase in the nuclear membranes regulates nucleo-cytosolic proton gradients”

The nuclear envelope (NE) consists of two continuous membranes, with pores where the inner nuclear membrane (INM) meets the outer nuclear membrane (ONM). V-Type ATPases in the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes alter pH (ΔpH) and generate a transmembrane electrical potential (ΔΨ) across plasma membranes and intracellular compartments. In the accompanying article by Santos et al published in this issue of the American Journal of Physiology: Cell Physiology the authors tested the hypothesis that the V-type ATPase was present and functional in the NE. The authors established that the nuclear pH is acidic, pH gradients across the nuclear membrane were bafilomysin and concanamycin sensitive and that the V-type ATPase was present in the NE by immunolocalization, and in both the ONM and INM by western blots and ATPase assays.
Focal Cerebral Dysfunction and Learning Disabilities

Single photon emission tomography was used to study regional cerebral activity in 24 children with developmental learning disabilities and 15 age matched controls at the John F. Kennedy Institute, Glostrup, and Department of Neurology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Passive Acoustic Detection of Divers Using Single Hydrophone

In this paper, a passive detector for underwater swimmer using single hydrophone is proposed. First the diver's breathing feature is extracted from the experimental data and a multiband matched filter (MF) technique is presented. In order to extend the detection range of the MF detector, a secondary detection scheme based on the diver breathing feature is applied. The experimental simulation results verify the performance of the proposed detector.
Healing efficacy of fracture-targeted GSK3β inhibitor-loaded micelles for improved fracture repair.

Aim: To evaluate the fracture healing capabilities of a GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, coupled with an aspartic acid octapeptide in a micellar delivery system. Materials & methods: The efficacy of the intravenously administered micelles to accelerate healing of femoral fracture in mice was evaluated. Micro-computed tomography analysis was employed to obtain bone density, total volume, relative volume, trabecular thickness and trabecular spacing.Results: Both fracture bone mineral density and volume were significantly higher in the micelle treatment groups when compared with controls. The fracture-targeted micelle demonstrates fracture-specific bone anabolism and biocompatibility in off-target tissues. Conclusion: Accelerated fracture healing in mice was achieved by targeting the GSK3β inhibitor, 6-bromoindirubin-3′-oxime, to the fracture site.
Current Work in the Human-Machine Interface for Ergonomic Intervention with Exoskeletons

This literature review of exoskeleton design provides a brief history of exoskeleton development, discusses current research of exoskeletons with respect to the innate human-machine interface, and the incorporation of exoskeletons for ergonomic intervention, and offers a review of needed future work. Development of assistive exoskeletons began in the 1960's but older designs lacked design for human factors and ergonomics and had low power energy density and power to weight ratios. Advancements in technology have spurred a broad spectrum of research aimed at enhancing human performance and assisting in rehabilitation. The review underwent a holistic and extensive search and provides a reflective snapshot of the state of the art in exoskeleton design as it pertains to the incorporation of exoskeletons for ergonomic intervention. Some of the remaining challenges include improving the energy density of exoskeleton power supplies, improving the power to weight ratio of actuation devices, improving the mechanical human-machine interface, and dealing with variability between users.
The Effect of Post-ID Feedback on Retrospective Self-Reports in Showups

This study examined the effects of post-identification feedback on witness retrospective self-reports in showups and lineups, and importantly, focused on guilty and innocent suspect identifications. After viewing a mock crime video, participants were asked to identify the suspect from either a target-present or target-absent photo lineup or showup. Participants were randomly assigned to receive confirming feedback (“Great job, you made the correct decision”) or no feedback about their identification, before self-reporting confidence, view, attention, willingness to testify, and trust of a witness with a similar view. We replicated the typical finding that confirming feedback inflated witness self-reports and resulted in a larger proportion of witnesses meeting the credibility threshold necessary to testify. Importantly, we also found that showups had significantly higher self-reports than lineups, despite the equal discriminability achieved in this study between these two procedures. These data provide yet another reason for the police to restrict use of showups.
Imaging mRNA and protein interactions within neurons

RNA-protein interactions are essential for proper gene expression regulation, particularly in neurons with unique spatial constraints. Currently, these interactions are defined biochemically, but a method is needed to evaluate them quantitatively within morphological context. Colocalization of two-color labels using wide-field microscopy is a method to infer these interactions. However, because of chromatic aberrations in the objective lens, this approach lacks the resolution to determine whether two molecules are physically in contact or simply nearby by chance. Here, we developed a robust super registration methodology that corrected the chromatic aberration across the entire image field to within 10 nm, which is capable of determining whether two molecules are physically interacting or simply in proximity by random chance. We applied this approach to image single-molecule FISH in combination with immunofluorescence (smFISH-IF) and determined whether the association between an mRNA and binding protein(s) within a neuron was significant or accidental. We evaluated several mRNA-binding proteins identified from RNA pulldown assays to determine which of these exhibit bona fide interactions. Surprisingly, many known mRNA-binding proteins did not bind the mRNA in situ, indicating that adventitious interactions are significant using existing technology. This method provides an ability to evaluate two-color registration compatible with the scale of molecular interactions.
Teaching NeuroImages: Crying thalamus: Manifestation of acute ischemic stroke.

A 58-year-old right-handed man with hyperlipidemia presented with 2 brief episodes of explosive crying and confusion. Physical examination was unremarkable. MRI showed patchy acute ischemic stroke within the left anterior thalamus and magnetic resonance angiography showed stenosis of the P2 segment of the left posterior cerebral artery (figure), likely affecting the thalamogeniculate perforator. Pathologic crying has been termed folles larmes prodromiques and has been described in association with various CNS lesions including thalamic.1,2 Acute pathologic crying remains a rare presentation of stroke and may easily be overlooked. This report serves to remind clinicians of the importance of detailed neurologic assessment under such circumstances.
BODIPY-Bacteriochlorin Energy Transfer Arrays: Toward Near-IR Emitters with Broadly Tunable, Multiple Absorption Bands.

A series of energy transfer arrays, comprising a near-IR absorbing and emitting bacteriochlorin, and BODIPY derivatives with different absorption bands in the visible region (503–668 nm) have been synthesized. Absorption band of BODIPY was tuned by installation of 0, 1, or 2 styryl substituents [2-(2,4,6-trimethoxyphenyl)ethenyl], which leads to derivatives with absorption maxima at 503, 587, and 668 nm, respectively. Efficient energy transfer (>0.90) is observed for each dyad, which is manifested by nearly exclusive emission from bacteriochlorin moiety upon BODIPY excitation. Fluorescence quantum yield of each dyad in nonpolar solvent (toluene) is comparable with that observed for corresponding bacteriochlorin monomer, and is significantly reduced in solvent of high dielectric constants (DMF), most likely by photoinduced electron transfer. Given the availability of diverse BODIPY derivatives, with absorption between 500–700 nm, BODIPY–bacteriochlorin arrays should allow for construction of near-IR emitti...
Shafarevich-Tate Groups of Nonsquare Order

Let A denote an abelian variety over ℚ. We give the first known examples in which #Ш(A/ℚ) is neither a square nor twice a square. For example, let E be the elliptic curve y2 + y = x3 — x of conductor 37. We prove that for every odd prime p < 25000 (with p 37), there is a twist A of E x • • • x E (p —1 copies) such that #Ш(A/ℚ) = pn2 for some integer n. We prove this by showing under certain hypothesis on E and p that there is an exact sequence
Is Compiling for Performance — Compiling for Power?

Energy consumption and power dissipation are increasingly becoming important design constraints in high performance microprocessors. Compilers traditionally are not exposed to the energy details of the processor. However, with the increasing power/energy problem, it is important to evaluate how the existing compiler optimizations influence energy consumption and power dissipation in the processor. In this chapter we present a quantitative study wherein we examine the effect of the standard optimizations levels −01 to −04 of DEC Alpha’s cc compiler on power and energy of the processor. We also evaluate the effect of four individual optimizations on power/energy and attempt to classify them as “low energy” or “low power” optimizations. In our experiments we find that optimizations that improve performance by reducing the number of instructions are optimized for energy. Such optimizations reduce the total amount of work done by the program. This is in contrast to optimizations that improve performance by increasing the overlap in the program during execution. The latter kind of optimizations increase the average power dissipated in the processor.
Techniques for repair of retrograde aortic dissection following thoracic endovascular aortic repair

The advances in thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) offer patients who are otherwise unsuitable for open surgery an alternative in treating their aortic arch pathologies. However, the adoption of TEVAR carries inherent complications unique to itself, notably the occurrence of Type A retrograde ascending aortic dissections, which can range from 1-3%. Several key technical considerations are must be heeded to minimize the risks of these complications. It is important to completely excise the primary entry tear through a careful and methodical approach. The proximal and distal reconstruction must be hemodynamically sound, with care taken to stabilize both the root and the distal aorta. Neuroprotection strategies, such as antegrade cerebral perfusion, should be utilized if the duration of circulatory arrest is anticipated to be greater than 30 minutes. This report details the operative techniques for the repair of retrograde aortic dissections following TEVAR.
Genetics and Eating Disorders

Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two of the more physiologically severe psychiatric disorders in adolescents and young adults, yet our understanding of their causes remains limited. Symptoms of these disorders have been documented throughout history. Cases similar to what we now call anorexia were described as early as 700 A.D., when a Portuguese princess was said to have starved herself for so long that she began to look like a man (Lacey, 1982). The distinction between bulimia and anorexia emerged in the late 1970s, and the term “bulimia” was first applied to binge eating and purging behaviors by G. F. M. Russell in 1979 (Halmi, 1987). Diagnostic criteria for anorexia and bulimia nervosa appeared in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, American Psychiatric Association (APA, 1980).
Ancient Wars, Endless War: Adaptations of Greek Tragedy

As US artists grappled with the politics of a post 9/11 world, a distinct return to the classics grew in popularity. This move, I contend, foregrounded the imagination in a way that proved productive for US civilians and service-people, even while it demonstrated a preference for framing the current conflict in already-existing terms, rather than generating original narratives or aesthetic practices. Lisa Peterson and Denis O’Hare’s An Iliad (first produced in 2009) offers cross-cultural connection as an antidote to dehumanizing the enemy, and Ellen McLaughlin’s Ajax in Iraq (first produced in 2010) investigates the harm caused by US military policy. Even while these two pieces point to the limits of the imagination, they undertake a practice of using performance to imagine transforming harm into care.
progress in precipitation modification

Progress in weather modification is assessed with special emphasis on precipitation modification. Although assessment of progress on a current basis is difficult, an attempt is made to accomplish this on both a problem and a component scale. Much work is being conducted which should significantly improve our ability to increase precipitation in specific targets and minimize risks associated with modification activities.