cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of visual traps for monitoring insect pests in the Massachusetts apple IPM program

Abstract Visual traps were evaluated for effectiveness as monitoring devices for the tarnished plant bug (Lygus lineolaris, TPB), European apple sawfly (Hoplocampa testudinea, EAS) and apple blotch leafminer (Phyllonorycter crataegella, ABLM). Results indicate: 1. A significant positive linear relationship between on-tree fruit injury surveys and cumulative captures on white, sticky-coated rectangles of TPB adults, for the tree development periods silver tip through tight cluster or silver tip through late pink, and for captures of EAS adults in blocks receiving no pre-bloom insecticide sprays. 2. A significant positive relationship with linear and quadratic components between on-tree fruit injury surveys and cumulative captures on white rectangles of EAS adults in blocks that did receive pre-bloom insecticide sprays. 3. A significant positive relationship with linear and quadratic components between peak mines per leaf and cumulative captures of ABLM adults on tent-shaped, red enamel (sticky side up) traps for silver tip through late pink or silver tip through two weeks past petal fall. Provisional economic injury levels are suggested as 2.0% and 0.7% fruit injury and 0.13% mines per leaf for TPB, EAS and first generation ABLM, respectively. Provisional action threshold levels based on these economic injury levels are presented for TPB (cumulative capture of 2.4 per trap for silver tip through tight cluster or 4.2 per trap for silver tip through late pink respectively), EAS (cumulative capture of 4.7 per trap in blocks that received no pre-bloom insecticides, or 5.5 per trap in blocks receiving pre-bloom insecticides) and ABLM (cumulative capture of 13 moths per trap from silver tip through late pink).
Application of conventional CCD cameras with Fabry-Perot spectrometers for airglow observations

This paper describes Fabry-Perot/CCD annular summing applied to airglow observations. Criteria are developed for determining the optimal rectangular format CCD chip configuration which minimizes dark and read noise. The relative savings in integration time of the imaging Fabry-Perot/CCD system over the pressure-scanned Fabry-Perot/PMT system is estimated for the optimal configuration through calculations of the signal to noise ratios for three extreme (but typical) cases of source and background intensity. The largest savings in integration time is estimated for the daysky thermospheric [O 1 D] (6300 angstrom) case where the bright (approximately equals 5 X 10 6 R/A) Rayleigh-scattered background dominates the read noise. The long integration times required to obtain useful signal to noise ratios for the faint (approximately equals 10R) nightsky exospheric hydrogen Balmer-(alpha) (6563 angstrom) reduce the importance of the read noise term and yield large savings in integration time. The significance of the read noise term is greatly increased with the very short estimated integration times required for bright (approximately equals 200R) nightsky lines such as thermospheric [O 1 D]. Alternate CCD formats and applications methods that reduce read noise and provide improved performance in the latter case are compared against the CCD annular summing technique.
CREATIVITY AND LIFE SATISFACTION OF OLDER ADULTS

According to Norcross (1990), making personal adjustments in life is a continuous process. These adjustments may involve the very survival of the individual. Torrance (1957) found that creativity was a key component of the U.S. Air Force's survival training from 1951‐1957. The training taught air crewmen how to survive emergency or extreme conditions. Although the crews practiced in simulated situations, the actual emergency or extreme condition would be a new situation with no learned or practiced solution. The survival of the air crewmen, the ability to find a solution or to adapt to the situation, would require his or her creativity. Torrance (1957) linked creativity to personal adjustment. However, no empirical evidence has been found that supports a relationship between creativity and personal adjustment. Personal adjustment has been used interchangeably with life satisfaction, and there has been some discussion in the literature of a relationship existing between life satisfaction and creativity. Th...
Asymptotic spectral properties of totally symmetric multilevel Toeplitz matrices

Abstract Let n = ( n 1 , … , n k ) be a multiindex and κ ( n ) = ∏ j = 1 k n j . We say that n → ∞ if n i → ∞, 1 ⩽ i ⩽ k . If r = ( r 1 , … , r k ) and s = ( s 1 , … , s k ), let ∣ r − s ∣ = (∣ r 1 − s 1 ∣, … , ∣ s 1 − s k ∣). We say that a multilevel Toeplitz matrix of the form T n = [ t | r - s | ] r , s = 1 ∞ is totally symmetric. Let Q k be the k -fold Cartesian product of Q = [− π , π ] with itself, and let { t r } r = - ∞ ∞ be the Fourier coefficients of a function f = f ( θ 1 , … , θ k ) in L 2 ( Q k ) that is even in each variable θ 1 , … , θ k , so that T n is totally symmetric for every n . We associate the multiindex n with 2 k multiindices m ( n , p ), 0 ⩽ p ⩽ 2 k − 1, such that lim n → ∞ κ ( m ( n , p ))/ κ ( n ) = 2 − k , 0 ⩽ p ⩽ 2 k − 1, and ∑ p = 0 2 k - 1 κ ( m ( n , p ) = κ ( n ) , and show that the singular values of T n separate naturally into 2 k sets S n , 0 , … , S n , 2 k - 1 with cardinalities κ ( m ( n , 0)), … , κ ( m ( n , 2 k − 1)) such that the singular values in each set S n , p are associated with singular vectors exhibiting a particular type of symmetry. Our main result is that the singular values in S n , p and the singular values of T m ( n , p ) are absolutely equally distributed with respect to the class G of functions bounded and uniformly continuous on R as n → ∞ , 0 ⩽ p ⩽ 2 k − 1. If f is real-valued, then an analogous result holds for the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of T n .
Reflective abstraction, uniframes and the formulation of generalizations

Abstract In mathematics, generalizations are the end result of an inductive zigzag path of trial and error, that begin with the construction of examples, within which plausible patterns are detected and lead to the formulation of theorems. This paper examines whether it is possible for high school students to discover and formulate generalizations similar to ways professional mathematicians do. What are the experiences that allow students to become adept at generalization? In this paper, the mathematical experiences of a ninth grade student, which lead to the discovery and the formulation of a mathematical generalization are described, qualitatively analyzed and interpreted using the notion of uniframes . It is found that reflecting on the solutions of a class of seemingly different problem-situations over a prolonged time period facilitates the abstraction of structural similarities in the problems and results in the formulation of mathematical generalizations.
A simple method for determining the homoporous solute-membrane permeability from plasma-to-lymph measurements.

Abstract The exact equation for ultrafiltration of a neutral solute across a homoporous membrane contains only two adjustable parameters, the reflection coefficient ( σ s ) and the permeability coefficient ( P s )-surface area ( S ) product, P s · S . Specifying σ s and P s · S therefore defines completely the dependence of the protein ratio ( R ) on the volume flow ( J v ) for a homoporous membrane. The reflection coefficient is determined from the high J v limit of R : lim J v →∞ [ R ] = (1 − σ s ). The purpose of this paper is to present a simple procedure for estimating P s · S from the slope of R as J v approaches zero: lim J v → 0 [ dR dJ v ] = − σ s (P s ·S) . Both relations are exact limits of the nonlinear neutral solute/homoporous membrane transport equation and thus provide a simple, yet rigorous, method for estimating σ s and P s · S .
The timing of antibiotics at cesarean: a randomized controlled trial.

We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes in women who received prophylactic antibiotics prior to skin incision to those who received antibiotics at cord clamp. We performed a randomized clinical trial at two sites. Eligible women included those undergoing nonemergency cesarean at 36 weeks’ gestation or greater. Subjects were randomized (permuted blocks) into one of two treatments: “preoperative antibiotics” (cefazolin 1 g given 38°C on two separate occasions more than 6 hours apart, after the initial 24-hour postoperative period); (2) wound infection (defined as purulent discharge from the incision); (3) endomyometritis (defined as fundal tenderness and fever malodorous lochia, fever); (4) urinary tract infection (defined as fever, positive urine culture). We enrolled a total of 434 subjects in this study, with 217 in each group. Overall, we found no difference in composite maternal infectious morbidity between those who received antibiotics preoperatively and those who received antibiotics at cord clamp (relative risk = 1.2, 95% confidence interval 0.7 to 1.5). Neonatal outcomes were also similar between the two intervention arms. The rate of suspected sepsis was similar between the two groups. There were no cases of antibiotic resistance in the neonates. Either preoperative antibiotic therapy or antibiotic administration after cord clamp is a reasonable clinical method for reducing the risk of postcesarean infectious morbidity.
Deep‐sea reef fish assemblage patterns on the Blake Plateau(Western North Atlantic Ocean)

Deep-water coral habitats are scattered throughout slope depths (360–800 m) off the Southeastern United States (SEUS, Cape Lookout, North Carolina, to Cape Canaveral, Florida), contributing substantial structure and diversity to bottom habitats. In some areas (e.g. off North Carolina) deep corals form nearly monotypic (Lophelia pertusa) high profile mounds, and in other areas (e.g. off Florida) many species may colonize hard substrata. Deep coral and hard substrata ecosystems off the SEUS support a unique fish assemblage. Using the Johnson-Sea-Link submersible (in 2000–2005, 65 dives), and a remotely operated vehicle (in 2003, five dives), fishes were surveyed in nine deep reef study areas along the SEUS slope. Forty-two benthic reef fish species occurred in deep reef habitats in these study areas. Species richness was greatest on the two coral banks off Cape Lookout, North Carolina (n = 23 and 27 species) and lowest on the two sites off Cape Canaveral, Florida (n = 7 and 8 species). Fish assemblages exhibited significantly (ANOSIM, Global R = 0.69, P = 0.001) different patterns among sites. Stations sampled off North Carolina (three study areas) formed a distinct group that differed from all dives conducted to the south. Although several species defined the fish assemblages at the North Carolina sites, Laemonema barbatulum, Laemonema melanurum, and Helicolenus dactylopterus generally had the most influence on the definition of the North Carolina group. Fish assemblages at three sites within the central survey area on the Blake Plateau were also similar to each other, and were dominated by Nezumia sclerorhynchus and L. melanurum. Synaphobranchus spp. and Neaumia sclerorhynchus differentiated the two southern sites off Cape Canaveral, Florida, from the other station groups. Combinations of depth and habitat type had the most influence on these station groups; however, explicit mechanisms contributing to the organization of these assemblages remain unclear.
Assessing Effect Size in Communication Research: A Case Study and Rationale.

Effect size is the degree of treatment effect in experimental research and is considered in relationship to power, significance criterion, and sample size. Effect size is useful in assessing meaningfulness of statistically significant research results. In the sample study cited here, statistically significant results were interpreted as nonmeaningful because the paired mean differences failed to reach effect size. A replication later statistically confirmed the nonmeaningful interpretation. Consideration of effect size is important to meaningful interpretation of individual studies and, subsequently, to the development of communication theory.
Frequency-dependent orientation of isolated particle chains

Abstract A dipole interaction model is used to predict the frequency-dependent orientational behavior of short isolated chains of homogeneous conducting dielectric spheres suspended in fluids and subjected to linearly polarized ac electric fields. Like elongated single particles, chains are predicted to align with the line of centers parallel to the electric field at low and high frequencies. Depending on the values of the dielectric constant and conductivity of a particle relative to the medium in which it is suspended, a chain will have an intermediate frequency range where parallel orientation is unstable. Within this frequency range, the chain will turn over and either disintegrate (if the particles are only held together by the dipole-dipole interaction force) or assume stable alignment perpendicular to the field (if the particles are permanently attached to each other). Frequency regimes of perpendicular orientation generally coincide with changes in the DEP spectrum of a particle and they typically bracket peaks in the rotational spectra.
High performance liquid chromatographic separation and detection of catecholamines and related compounds

Abstract Four sets of chromatographic conditions are described for the separation and identification of selected catecholamines and related chemicals by high-performance liquid chromatography. Three mobile phases, three different columns and three detection systems, including ultraviolet absorption fluorescence and electrochemical detection are reported. The use of detection response ratios as an additional means of identification is discussed and demonstrated. Nineteen compounds were studied and the retention times and detector responses are reported.
Cardiac procedure use following acute myocardial infarction among American Indians.

Background The prevalence of coronary heart disease is rising among American Indians (AIs), but there is limited evidence describing processes of care for AI with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We compared rates of cardiac catheterization, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery between AI and whites with AMI. Methods Using data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample and the Indian Health Service National Patient Information Reporting System, we identified 2511 AI and 316 526 whites older than 30 years admitted with AMI during 1998 to 2001. Comparisons of cardiac procedure use between AI and whites were performed after adjusting for comorbid conditions and after stratifying by geographic region. Results American Indians were less likely than whites to undergo cardiac catheterization and PCI in 3 of 4 geographic regions, with the largest difference occurring in the West South Central region (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.24 to 0.43 for catheterization; OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.31 to 0.57 for PCI). American Indians were less likely than whites to undergo CABG surgery among diabetic patients (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.32-0.73), but not among nondiabetic patients (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.72-1.12). There were no differences in rates of PCI and CABG surgery between AIs and whites among those receiving cardiac catheterization. Conclusions Differences in the performance of coronary procedures are concentrated in western regions of the United States and are especially related to access to cardiac catheterization. Future studies are indicated to elucidate the mechanisms of these differences in care and their impact on clinical outcomes.
Drinking alcohol before age 13 and negative outcomes in late adolescence.

Background: Research has shown that adolescents who begin drinking at an early stage in life are at greater risk of developing alcohol dependency, as well as a variety of negative outcomes, for instance, delinquent behavior. Most of these studies have focused on those who begin drinking in middle adolescence, but little attention has been paid to youth who initiate drinking under the age of 13. Twenty percent of adolescents have begun using alcohol by the age of 13. The purpose of the study is to examine whether initiating alcohol use before the age of 13 exacerbates negative outcomes in late adolescence. Methods: Data for the study were derived from 2 school-based statewide surveys conducted in Florida: the 2005 YRBS and the 2006 FYSAS. The sample included 12,352 11th and 12th grade students divided into 3 groups: students who initiated alcohol use under the age of 13, students who initiated alcohol use at age 13 or later, and students who never used alcohol. Results: Results showed that after adjusting for gender, ethnicity/race, and grade, adolescents who initiated alcohol use before age 13 were more likely to report problems with school performance and display delinquent behaviors (carrying a gun, carrying a weapon to school, and recent marijuana use). Conclusion: Although no temporal relationships can be determined between drinking alcohol before age 13 and delinquent behavior outcomes, the results suggested that adolescents under the age of 13 need to be included in national epidemiological surveys on alcohol use and more efforts need to be directed toward the implementation of prevention programs early in elementary and middle schools. Language: en
DIFFERENCES AMONG TOP ROUND STEAKS COOKED BY DRY OR MOIST HEAT IN A CONVENTIONAL OR A MICROWAVE OVEN

Top round steaks were cooked by dry or moist heat in conventional or microwave ovens with rotary hearths. Gardner color-difference values and final temperature data demonstrated that a steak is heated more evenly by conventional, dry heat than by conventional moist or by microwave dry or moist heat. Cooking time, volatile cooking losses, total moisture, and sensory juiciness and tenderness scores were less (P < 0.001), whereas total and drip cooking losses (P < 0.001) and ether extract (P < 0.05) were more for steaks cooked by microwaves than for conventionally cooked steaks. Cooking time was greater (P < 0.001), but total and drip cooking losses were less (P < 0.001) for steaks cooked by dry heat than for those cooked by moist heat.
Identification and Quantification of AKT Isoforms and Phosphoforms in Breast Cancer Using a Novel Nanofluidic Immunoassay

Breast cancer subtype-specific molecular variations can dramatically affect patient responses to existing therapies. It is thought that differentially phosphorylated protein isoforms might be a useful prognostic biomarker of drug response in the clinic. However, the accurate detection and quantitative analysis of cancer-related protein isoforms and phospho-isoforms in tumors are limited by current technologies. Using a novel, fully automated nanocapillary electrophoresis immunoassay (NanoProTM 1000) designed to separate protein molecules based on their isoelectric point, we developed a reliable and highly sensitive assay for the detection and quantitation of AKT isoforms and phosphoforms in breast cancer. This assay enabled the measurement of activated AKT1/2/3 in breast cancer cells using protein produced from as few as 56 cells. Importantly, we were able to assign an identity for the phosphorylated S473 phosphoform of AKT1, the major form of activated AKT involved in multiple cancers, including breast, and a current focus in clinical trials for targeted intervention. The ability of our AKT assay to detect and measure AKT phosphorylation from very low amounts of total protein will allow the accurate evaluation of patient response to drugs targeting activated PI3K-AKT using scarce clinical specimens. Moreover, the capacity of this assay to detect and measure all three AKT isoforms using one single pan-specific antibody enables the study of the multiple and variable roles that these isoforms play in AKT tumorigenesis.
Brain and odor: IL EEG activity during nose and mouth breathing

Previous investigations have suggested that low, undetectable concentrations of odor chemicals alter central nervous system (CNS) activity. Since there can be no odor-free environment, room air also may alter CNS activity. To examine this hypothesis, EEG data were recorded from 20 subjects while they inhaled room air through the mouth or the nose. Results of the experiment indicated that EEG alpha activity in the left hemisphere was reduced for individuals inhaling through the nose, and that EEG beta activity showed greater spatial diversity during nose inhalations. These results demonstrate that room air passing through the nose has a desynchroniz-ing effect upon the EEG and may contain odor information not available through mouth inhalation. These results further substantiate the hypothesis that undetected odors markedly alter ongoing CNS activity.
Physical timing modeling for bipolar VLSI

An approach for the analytical timing modeling of bipolar VLSI circuits that is based on average branch current analysis and the parametric correction scheme is presented. The combination of these techniques permits complex delay-sensitive effects of bipolar digital circuits to be incorporated in the derivation of the bipolar delay models. The delay functions of two basic bipolar subcircuit configurations (the series-gated structure and the emitter follower) are derived using the proposed techniques. It is shown that accurate timing information for the high-speed bipolar digital circuit, such as ECL, CML, and BiCMOS, can be obtained by repeated processing of these subcircuit delay functions. The delay estimates obtained with these timing models have been shown to be accurate typically within 10% of SPICE estimates. Applications include switch-level timing simulation, timing analysis and verification cell optimization, and technology mapping. >
Fracture in Ceramic-Matrix Composites Reinforced with Strongly Bonded Metal Particles

The resistance of a ceramic matrix composite to the cleavage cracking across a field of strongly bonded, uniformly distributed metal particles is studied. The crack trapping and bridging effects of the metal particles are analyzed by means of calculating the strain energy and the traction work. An explicit expression for the critical energy release rate as a function of particle volume fraction has been obtained. The fracture resistance is independent of elastic properties of the matrix and the sample geometry and is predominantly determined by the size/spacing ratio of the particles. It is shown that the theoretical curves agree with experimental data quite well. The methodology developed in this article can be used in studying the fracture resistances of composites with high filler contents and irregular filler geometries.
Veristic Variables and Approximate Reasoning for Intelligent Semantic Web Systems

Our concern is with the development of tools useful for the construction of semantically intelligent web based systems. We indicate that fuzzy set based reasoning systems such as approximate reasoning provide a fertile framework for the construction of these types of tools. Central to this framework is the representation of knowledge as the association of a constraint with a variable. Here we study one important type of variable, veristic, These are variables that can assume multiple values. Different types of statements providing information about veristic variables are described. A methodology is presented for representing and manipulating veristic information. We consider the role of these veristic variables in databases and describe methods for representing and evaluating queries involving veristic variables.
To serotype or not to serotype: that is still the question.

In this issue of the Journal, the report by Banerjee et al. [1] on the postneonatal protective effect of a prior neonatal infection with G10P [11] rotavirus has important implications for rotavirus vaccinology. The protective efficacy of a neonatal rotavirus infection has been addressed previously by various investigators. In a 1983 Australian study, neonates with asymptomatic rotavirus shedding during the first 14 days of life developed fewer and lesssevere rotavirus-positive diarrhealillnesses postneonatally than did control children [2]. The available strains causing neonatal infection had identical electrophoretic patterns (in addition, 1 strain was identified as an "M-like" [G3] strain [3, 4]), whereas the strains causing postneonatal infection had varying patterns. Although serotypic characterization was not readily available at the time, evidence now indicates that asymptomatic neonatal G3 infections pro-
GRS — GPU radix sort for multifield records

We develop a radix sort algorithm, GRS, suitable to sort multifield records on a graphics processing unit (GPU). We assume the By Field layout for records to be sorted. GRS is benchmarked against the radix sort algorithm, SDK, in NVIDIA's CUDA SDK 3.0 [14] as well as the radix sort algorithm, SRTS, of Merrill and Grimshaw [11]. Although SRTS is faster than both GRS and SDK when sorting numbers as well as records that have a key and an additional 32-bit field, both GRS and SDK outperform SRTS on records with 2 or more fields (in addition to the key). GRS is consistently faster than SDK on numbers as well as records with 1 or more fields. When sorting records with 9 32-bit fields, GRS is up to 74% faster than SRTS and up to 55% faster than SDK. Thus, GRS is the fastest way to radix sort records with more than 1 32-bit field on a GPU.
Persuasive storytelling by hate groups online

Increasingly, hate groups have used the Internet to express their viewpoints, sell their paraphernalia, and recruit new members. This study explored the effectiveness of persuasive storytelling found on White supremacist Web pages. One hundred eight adolescents participated in a longitudinal study (pretest, Time 1, Time 2) conducted online. A 3 (receptivity: negatively inclined, neutral, predisposed) x 2 (narrative: high vs. low perceived) x 2 (message explicitness: implicit vs. explicit) factorial design found that immediately following exposure, high-narrative and implicit messages were more persuasive than low-narrative and explicit messages. Interestingly, high-narrative and implicit effects decayed, whereas low-narrative and explicit message effects endured or increased slightly over time. In addition, people's receptivity interacted with the message factors to further mediate persuasion. For example, disagreeing individuals resisted low-narrative, explicit messages significantly more than any other condition. The article concludes with a discussion of the social implications of these findings.
Stochastic matrix models for conservation and management: A comparative review of methods

Stochastic matrix models are frequently used by conservation biologists to measure the viability of species and to explore various management actions. Models are typically parameterized using two or more sets of estimated transition rates between age/size/stage classes. While standard methods exist for analyzing a single set of transition rates, a variety of methods have been employed to analyze multiple sets of transition rates. We review applications of stochastic matrix models to problems in conservation and use simulation studies to compare the performance of different analytic methods currently in use. We find that model conclusions are likely to be robust to the choice of parametric distribution used to model vital rate fluctuations over time. However, conclusions can be highly sensitive to the within-year correlation structure among vital rates, and therefore we suggest using analytical methods that provide a means of conducting a sensitivity analysis with respect to correlation parameters. Our simulation results also suggest that the precision of population viability estimates can be improved by using matrix models that incorporate environmental covariates in conjunction with experiments to estimate transition rates under a range of environmental conditions.
Potential clinical feasibility and financial impact of same-day discharge in patients undergoing endovascular aortic repair for elective infrarenal aortic aneurysm

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential feasibility and financial impact of same-day discharge after elective endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods All elective EVARs performed between January 2012 and June 2013 were identified. Demographics, comorbidities, complications, nursing care, financial data, and length of stay were analyzed. Results Sixty-seven (73%) EVARs were performed electively, 73% percutaneously. Intraoperative complications were blood loss requiring transfusion (4.5%), thrombosis (3%), femoral artery injury (1.5%), postoperative urinary retention (4.5%), myocardial infarction (3%), respiratory failure (1.5%), congestive heart failure (1.5%), and hemodynamic or rhythm alterations (37%; evident in 88% P = .51) and for monitoring only vs others ($28,146 vs $30,545; P = .12). Pharmacy ($351 vs $509; P = .05), laboratory work ($86 vs $355; P = .01), and diagnostic testing ($4 vs $254; P = .02) costs were lower for uncomplicated cases. Conclusions Same-day discharge is clinically feasible in >40% of elective EVARs but requires coordination for adequate postoperative monitoring. Significant savings are unlikely as most cost is operating room and device related, and further reduction of costs in uncomplicated cases is unlikely.
LONG-TERM HEALTH EFFECTS IN HAMSTERS AND RATS EXPOSED CHRONICALLY TO MAN-MADE VITREOUS FIBRES

Rats and hamsters were exposed to several types of airborne man-made vitreous fibers. Exposure protocols were ''nose-only'' 6 h a day, 5 d a week for 24 m with surviving animals maintained for the rest of their lives. Challenge aerosols consisted of 4 types of fibrous glass, 1 refractory ceramic fiber (RCF), and 1 mineral wool fiber. UICC crocidolite asbestos and clean air served as positive and negative controls for the inhalation groups. Groups of additional controls were unmanipulated caged animals, intraperitoneally (IP) injected animals, and intratracheally (IT) instilled animals. Animals, after their deaths, were examined macroscopically and microscopically. Fiber lung burdens were significant for the inhalation exposures and related to the mean diameters of the fibrous challenge aerosols. The inhalation exposures with MMVF did not result in any adverse effects except for a mesothelioma of the lung in 1 hamster exposed to the RCF, not a statistically significant finding. Consistent with other reported work, abdominal mesotheliomas were induced in the groups of hamsters and rats injected IP with 0.45-micron mean diameter fibrous glass, RCF, and crocidolite asbestos. With IT instillations, primary lung tumors were found only in hamsters and rats receiving UICC crocidolite; no lung tumors occurred in animalsmore » instilled IT with 2 types of MMVF. 28 refs., 2 figs., 18 tabs.« less
Solubility extrema in solid‐fluid equilibria

Experimental data and theory both support the contention that there is a maximum solubility in solid-fluid equilibria. An example system, naphthalene-ethylene, at temperatures between the upper and lower critical end points and at pressures from 1 to 1000 bar is considered. There is also a solubility minimum in this system.
An overview of the Nexus distributed operating system design

Nexus is a distributed operating system designed to support experimental research in fault-tolerance techniques and object-oriented programming in distributed systems. The Nexus programming environment consists of objects, which are instances of abstract data types. Inheritance of types and multiple implementations for a type are supported by the system. Operations on objects are invoked, based on the remote-procedure-call paradigm and executed as atomic actions with provisions for application-controlled checkpointing and restart within actions. Nexus also supports parallel remote procedure calls. Interobject communication and location transparency in accessing objects is supported by the Nexus kernel. >
THE REACTION OF HUMAN CHORIONIC AND EQUINE GONADOTROPINS TO NITROUS ACID

EVIDENCE (1, 2, 3) CONCERNING the essentiality of free amino groups for the physiological activity of mare serum hormone and of prolan is not in agreement. Some workers (1, 2) base their deductions upon the selective inactivation by ketene, while our evidence is based upon the formaldehyde reaction. In an attempt to clarify this controversial point, the study has been extended to the nitrous acid reaction. The Berkeley workers stated (2) (unpublished data) that mare serum hormone is inactivated quickly (one-half hour) by nitrous acid at o° C, whereas human chorionic gonadotropin is inactivated very slowly. We had previously reported that prolan (4) was stable to 1 hour exposure in 1⁄700 N nitrous acid at o° C, and mare serum hormone (5) was stable to 1 hour exposure in 1⁄30 N nitrous acid at o° C.
Effective Vascular Therapeutics for Critical Limb Ischemia A Role for Registry-Based Clinical Investigation

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases and is associated with high short-term morbidity and mortality.1,2 It is the primary cause of lower extremity amputation throughout the world and is a powerful marker of advanced systemic atherosclerosis. Chronic critical limb ischemia (CLI) represents the most advanced clinical manifestation of PAD and is defined by the presence of ischemic rest pain, nonhealing wounds, or tissue loss (gangrene). CLI does not represent a single pathophysiologic process (ie, progressive leg arterial atherosclerosis), but is caused by multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including native artery atherosclerosis, cardioembolic events, inflammatory arteritides (eg, thromboangiitis obliterans), hypercoagulable states, or leg bypass graft failure. Article see p 68 CLI syndromes are currently classified by the clinical stages III and IV of the Fontaine classification, and this equates to the Rutherford categories 4, 5, and 6.1,2 Although there is no consensus regarding the precise level of objective malperfusion that should be required to define CLI, the Second European Consensus Document3 defined CLI by 2 criteria: persistent recurring ischemic rest pain requiring regular adequate analgesia for >2 weeks, with an ankle systolic pressure ≤50 mm Hg, or a toe systolic pressure of ≤30 mm Hg; or ulceration or gangrene of the foot or toes, with an ankle systolic pressure of ≤50 mm Hg, or a toe systolic pressure of ≤30 mm Hg. These definitions remain in widespread use in CLI clinical research. The current incidence and prevalence of CLI, and thus the public health impact of this syndrome, is incompletely defined. Population-based study of this syndrome is hampered by the inability of field surveys to measure incident cases, use of varying CLI definitions, and due to the lack of consistent coding in administrative billing databases. Yet, it has been estimated …
Glacioeustatic Transgressive Reflux: Stratiform Dolomite in Pennsylvanian Bioherms of the Western Orogrande Basin, New Mexico

ABSTRACT Upper Paleozoic (Pennsylvanian) algal bioherms of the western Orogrande basin consist of multiple high-frequency sequences with stratiform dolomitization that preferentially affects peritidal facies and strata proximal to sequence boundaries. Field, petrographic, and geochemical analyses reveal two replacive dolomite phases, and several dolomite cements. The facies-selective (FS) replacive phase affects peritidal facies, and consists of micritic to finely crystalline, fabric-preserving dolomite with high Sr and Na concentrations and low to moderate Fe and Mn. The non-facies-selective (NFS) phase affects facies proximal to sequence boundaries, and consists of finely to medium crystalline dolomite that is both fabric-selective and commonly fabric-destructive. This phase has moderate to locally elevated Sr and Na concentrations, and moderate to high Fe and Mn. Dolomite cements line and occlude pores and molds, and consist of medium to coarsely crystalline rhombs with moderate Sr and Mn, low Na, and high Fe. Stable oxygen isotope values for bulk dolostones exhibit a wide range and include relatively low values, suggesting precipitation and recrystallization over a wide range of conditions. FS dolomitization occurred penecontemporaneously with peritidal deposition at glacioeustatic fall to lowstand. NFS dolomitization occurred early postdepositionally, by reflux of mesosaline to hypersaline brines during early-middle stages of each glacioeustatic transgression. Virgilian lowstand gypsum deposits of the southwestern Orogrande provided the Mg source for the transgressive brines. Dolomite cements precipitated largely under reducing conditions of the burial environment. Early dolomite in the western Orogrande basin and its absence in the eastern Orogrande basin reflects local and regional physiographic asymmetry. The western shelf was of low relief, with an archipelago of high-relief mounds, which favored fall-stage peritidal conditions with local restriction in the mounded region. In contrast, the eastern shelf was of high relief and relatively elevated, which precluded tidal-flat development and allowed marine inundation only at late transgressive to highstand stages, by nearly normal-marine waters. Development of both peritidal (penecontemporaneous) and transgressive reflux (early postdepositional) dolomitization was therefore restricted largely to the western Orogrande basin.
Optoelectronic and material properties of nanocrystal-based CZTSe absorbers with Ag-alloying

Abstract In this work, the benefits of Ag-alloying in kesterite solar cells are explored in terms of tunable band gap, improved grain growth, improved minority carrier lifetime, reduced defect formation, and reduced potential fluctuations for (Ag,Cu) 2 ZnSnSe 4 (ACZTSe) absorbers relative to Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe). The enhanced optoelectronic properties are shown to scale here with the degree of Ag-alloying in ACZTSe. The impacts of these effects on device performance are discussed, with improvement in average device performance/open-circuit voltage reported for ACZTSe (5%-Ag) absorbers relative to CZTSe absorbers with similar band gap. These initial results are promising for the Ag-alloyed ACZTSe material system as V OC limitations are the primary cause of poor device performance in kesterite solar cells, and cation substitution presents a unique method to tune the defect properties of kesterite absorbers. Herein, nanoparticle synthesis and large-grain ACZTSe absorber formation is described followed by material and optoelectronic characterization. Additionally, RTP processing is presented to achieve fully selenized large-grain chalcogenide absorbers from sulfide nanocrystal inks.
Successful Psychopathy A Scientific Status Report

Long the stuff of clinical lore, successful psychopathy has recently become the focus of research. Although numerous authors have conjectured that psychopathic traits are sometimes associated with occupational or interpersonal success, rigorous evidence for this assertion has thus far been minimal. We provide a status report on successful-psychopathy research, address controversies surrounding successful psychopathy, examine evidence for competing models of this construct, and offer desiderata for future research.
Modeling and validation of a utility feeder for study of voltage regulation in the presence of high PV penetration

A Florida utility feeder with a high penetration level of solar photovoltaic (PV) generation was modeled in RTDS/RSCAD. The feeder model was validated by comparing the results in different simulation tools, and using field measurements and short circuit data provided by the utility. The feeder has 2.6 MW of PV which is approximately 30% penetration (comparing with peak load). The feeder has a step voltage regulator (SVR) and 4 switched capacitor banks (SCB's) installed to regulate voltage. Studies were conducted to analyze feeder voltage characteristic for the existing circuit configuration and operating scenarios. Additional studies were conducted to determine the potential impact of additional PV penetration that might happen in the future. Validation results show full agreement with the software based validation and a reasonably acceptable match with the field data collected from different locations on the feeder.
Fantasies and Satires

In 1893 Heijermans stood in the midst of the swirling currents of European literature. Dora Kremer had revealed an early attraction to Ibsen, and Ahasverus an affinity for Naturalism. But he had not cast his lot with any particular school, and he was still searching for a style of his own when he went off to Paris in the summer of that year. Naturalism was not the only French literary movement that allured him, as can be seen from Trinette and Fleo, which were written shortly after this trip. Both reveal the influence of the symbolist poets and of Maeterlinck, and this influence appears quite clearly in Vorstendroom (Royal Dream), a one-act play that arose in the early winter, although it was not published until 1896. 1 Heijermans called his play a “fantasy,” and there is enough symbolism and poetic imagination in it to prove that Naturalism certainly did not hold him in its spell.
Low Levels of Ba 128 from La 128 Decay

The decay of ${\mathrm{La}}^{128}$ produced in the ${\mathrm{In}}^{115}({\mathrm{O}}^{16}, 3n){\mathrm{La}}^{128}$ reaction was re-examined with lithium-drifted germanium detectors and standard scintillation spectrometers. The level structure of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{128}$ was found to be much more complex than previously reported. The ${\mathrm{La}}^{128}$ positron decay proceeds mainly to a group of closelying states at an excitation of approximately 1.35 MeV; no direct branch to the ground state of ${\mathrm{Ba}}^{128}$ has been observed. While the new level spectrum may include the previously suggested levels, the evidence for rotational spectrum characteristics is no longer compelling. Discussion of the experimental difficulties inherent in studies in this mass region is included.
The Saints Zealous in Love and Labor: The Puritan Psychology of Work*

A Puritan sloth is as hard to imagine as a Puritan humorist. The Saints have been called many things since the sixteenth century, but seldom if ever have they been accounted lazy. From Ben Jonson's caustic caricature of Zeal-of-the-Land Busy, ready to intrude his opinions on any subject, to Michael Walzer's portrayal of them as the indefatigable pioneers of modern radical politics, observers have readily acknowledged their “extraordinary activism.” To link this enterprise with the ethic of striving that lay at the heart of Puritan thought is easy, for the preachers always spoke of the godly life as arduous. “I say shew your grace, shew your regeneration, by being new creatures, by doing more than others,” John Preston urged, and he practiced what he preached. Chaplain to Charles I, Master of Emmanuel College at Cambridge, participant in Puritan Parliamentary politics while commuting between lectureships at both Lincoln's Inn and Trinity Church in Cambridge, Preston forced several careers into the less than two decades between his conversion and his death at the age of forty from consumption probably exacerbated by exhaustion. “[H]e never (by his good will) rested that day since God was truly known unto him untill [his death],” wrote his first biographer, “God gave him therefore now an everlasting rest.” Few people more fully exemplified the Puritan ideal that pious performance is the thanksgiving for the gift of eternal life.
A Probabilistic Approach to Aircraft Turbine Rotor Material Design

A probabilistic design code is being developed for high energy disks and rotors used in aircraft gas turbine engines. This code is intended to augment, not replace, the current safe-life approach to the design of these critical components. While the code will ultimately be applicable to a range of disk alloys, initial emphasis has been placed on titanium alloys containing hard alpha defects. The approach involves developing an enhanced defect distribution for hard alpha, obtaining crack initiation data for hard alpha and fatigue crack growth data for three titanium alloys, and integrating this information into a software code that is sufficiently efficient that it can be routinely used for design and life prediction.Copyright © 1997 by ASME
Transient H2O Infrared Satellite Peaks Produced in UV Irradiated Formic Acid Doped Solid Parahydrogen

We report newly identified satellite features of the R(0) rovibrational transition of all the fundamental modes of HDO and the ν3 mode of H2O measured via FTIR spectroscopy immediately after the 193 nm in situ photolysis of formic acid (HCOOH and DCOOD) in solid parahydrogen. The intensities of these satellite features decay slowly with a time constant of τ = 121(7) min after photolysis, even when the sample is maintained below 2 K. We propose that the van der Waals complex H···H2O (H···HDO) is the carrier of the satellite peaks and that these metastable complexes are produced after the low-temperature tunneling reaction of the OH (OD) photoproduct with the parahydrogen host.
Converging on harmony: Idealism, evolution, and the theory of mutual aid

A growing number of frameworks for envisioning and enacting public relations posit social harmony as a core goal of the discipline. Such frameworks include two-way symmetry, communitarianism, fully functioning society theory, Isocratean rhetoric, and aspects of the reflective paradigm. A goal of social harmony, however, has been challenged as being overly idealistic, utopian, and incongruous with the competitive nature of human beings and organizations. This article examines the evolutionary biological theories of Charles Darwin and Peter Kropotkin – in particular, Kropotkin’s theory of mutual aid – and details their conclusion that the processes of natural selection favor communities built upon cooperation rather than competition. The processes of evolution and natural selection thus provide a scientific foundation for a goal of social harmony within public relations frameworks.
The Evolution of Bird Coloration and Plumage Elaboration

Although physically homogeneous, birds come in a wide variety of colors, rivaling butterflies and tropical reef fishes. Such variation invites attention and many hypotheses have been developed to explain the evolution of avian color and pattern. In addition, plumage of birds have structural elaborations that go beyond its insulative and aerodynamic properties including various kinds of ruffs, elongated tails (retrices or coverts), crests, and plumes which I refer to collectively as “ornaments.” Since many hypotheses for the evolution of color and pattern (especially conspicuous colors and patterns) involve communicative functions that apply also to the evolution of ornaments, I treat both color and ornaments in this review.