cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Negative inductance and numerical instability of the Saturable Transformer Component in EMTP

Numerical instability of the EMTP built-in model, the Saturable Transformer Component for the three-winding case, has been the topic of interest of the EMTP community for the past twenty years. Through theoretical analysis and computer simulation, the source of the numerical instability of the component is identified as the use of the negative inductance in the equivalent circuit of the transformer. A simple modification of the structure of the component is suggested, and the numerical instability is eliminated. The modification is supported by theoretical analysis and verified by the benchmark test of the GPU line energization test of 1973. The stability of the three-winding transformer equivalent circuit with a negative inductance is discussed in detail. A topology-based and duality-derived single-phase three-winding transformer model is described.
Mechanism of Stent Failure in a Patient with Fibromuscular Dysplasia following Renal Artery Stenting

Endovascular techniques used in the management of renal artery stenosis (RAS) have unique complications, to include stent facture, thrombosis, aneurysm formation, migration, and in-stent restenosis. Described here is an unusual complication of renal artery obstruction and recurrent hypertension without progressive loss of renal function, secondary to intermittent arterial kinking with respiratory and cardiac motion in a patient with fibromuscular dysplasia. This mechanical complication has implication not only in successful endovascular treatment of RAS, but raises questions regarding the alterations in dynamic motion with the cardio-respiratory cycle in stented visceral arteries in other vascular pathologies requiring renal artery stenting (i.e., juxtarenal or pararenal aortic aneurysms).
Error control for receiver-driven layered multicast of audio and video

We consider the problem of error control for receiver-driven layered multicast of audio and video over the Internet. The sender injects into the network multiple source layers and multiple channel coding (parity) layers, some of which are delayed relative to the source, Each receiver subscribes to the number of source layers and the number of parity layers that optimizes the receiver's quality for its available bandwidth and packet loss probability. We augment this layered FEC system with layered pseudo-ARQ. Although feedback is normally problematic in broadcast situations, ARQ can be simulated by having the receivers subscribe and unsubscribe to the delayed parity layers to receive missing information. This pseudo-ARQ scheme avoids an implosion of repeat requests at the sender and is scalable to an unlimited number of receivers, We show gains of 4-18 dB on channels with 20% loss over systems without error control and additional gains of 1-13 dB when FEC is augmented by pseudo-ARQ in a hybrid system, Optimal error control in the hybrid system is achieved by an optimal policy for a Markov decision process.
Effects of Processing on Feeding Value of Sprouted Barley and Sprouted Durum Wheat in Growing and Finishing Diets for Beef Cattle

Abstract Feeding values and effects of processing sprouted barley and durum wheat were evaluated in a growing (Exp. 1) and finishing study (Exp. 2). In Exp. 1, 142 crossbred beef steers (328.1 ± 1.7 kg initial BW) were fed for 62 d. Treatments were dry-rolled corn; coarse-rolled, sprouted barley (2722 μm); fine-rolled, sprouted barley (1998 μm); whole, sprouted durum wheat (2628 μm); and coarse-rolled, sprouted durum wheat (2126 μm). Diets contained 39.5% grain. In Exp. 2, 141 crossbred beef steers (417.4 ±5.4 kg initial BW) were fed for 83 or 108 d. Treatments were dry-rolled corn; whole, sprouted barley (3438 μm); rolled, sprouted barley (2897 μm); whole, sprouted durum wheat (2628 μm); and rolled, sprouted durum wheat (2287 μm). Diets contained 77% grain. Sprouted durum diets contained 37% corn and 40% durum as the grain source. In Exp. 1, steers fed fine-rolled, sprouted barley had increased (P≤0.03) final BW and gain-to-feed ratio ( G:F ) compared with steers fed coarse-rolled, sprouted barley. Steers fed rolled, sprouted durum had increased (P≤0.01) final BW, ADG, and G:F compared with steers fed whole, sprouted durum. In Exp. 2, steers fed rolled grains had increased (P≤0.001) final BW, ADG, and G:F compared with steers fed whole grains. Steers fed rolled corn and rolled, sprouted durum had similar (P≥0.11) final BW, ADG, and G:F and increased (P≤0.02) final BW, ADG, and G:F compared with steers fed whole, sprouted barley or durum. Processing sprouted barley and sprouted durum wheat increased performance of feedlot steers.
Evaluation of the Dade Behring Dimension RxL: integrated chemistry system-pediatric reference ranges

Background: The Dade Dimension RxL was introduced into our laboratory at the Children's National Medical Center in an effort to increase the overall efficiency and decrease costs through consolidation of existing procedures. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of the Dade Dimension RxL in a Pediatric Hospital and to establish pediatric reference ranges for this analyzer. Methods: Within-run and between-day imprecision was evaluated for >60 analytes using two levels of controls. Method comparison studies by regression analysis were performed on eight platforms that included: Vitros 500, Bayer Immuno I, Behring Nephelometer 100, Abbott TDx, Labconco chloridometer, Bayer 2000, Cobas Mira and Hitachi 747. Pediatric reference ranges were determined by utilizing the regression equations to transform the previously established pediatric reference ranges (which employed 1000–10,000 measurements/analyte) using alternate methods to their corresponding values on the Dimension system. Results: The CVs for within-run and between-day imprecision for all analytes were <10%. The overall correlation (r) of the analytes tested ranged between 0.91 and 0.99. Pediatric reference ranges were obtained for over 40 analytes. Conclusions: The Dimension RxL provides precise and accurate measurement for a wide variety of analytes including routine chemistries, drugs and hormones. Since a good correlation was observed with the alternate platforms, consolidation of these various workstations into one unit would contribute to decreased turnaround time and greatly improved staff efficiency.
Pharmacotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

This article reviews the four basic drug categories used to manage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. If the home health care professional becomes familiar with the mechanisms of action, dosing considerations, and patient education issues associated with these drug categories, management of the home care patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is enhanced.
Nanotechnology for regenerative medicine: nanomaterials for stem cell imaging

Although stem cells hold great potential for the treatment of many injuries and degenerative diseases, several obstacles must be overcome before their therapeutic application can be realized. These include the development of advanced techniques to understand and control functions of microenvironmental signals and novel methods to track and guide transplanted stem cells. The application of nanotechnology to stem cell biology would be able to address those challenges. This review details the current challenges in regenerative medicine, the current applications of nanoparticles in stem cell biology and further potential of nanotechnology approaches towards regenerative medicine, focusing mainly on magnetic nanoparticle- and quantum dot-based applications in stem cell research.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Cdkn2c Regulates B Cell Homeostasis and Function in the NZM2410-Derived Murine Lupus Susceptibility Locus Sle2c1

Sle2c1 is an NZM2410- and NZB-derived lupus susceptibility locus that induces an expansion of the B1a cell compartment. B1a cells have a repertoire enriched for autoreactivity, and an expansion of this B cell subset occurs in several mouse models of lupus. A combination of genetic mapping and candidate gene analysis presents Cdkn2c, a gene encoding for cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p18(INK4c) (p18), as the top candidate gene for inducing the Slec2c1-associated expansion of B1a cells. A novel single nucleotide polymorphism in the NZB allele of the Cdkn2c promoter is associated with a significantly reduced Cdkn2c expression in the splenic B cells and peritoneal cavity B1a cells from Sle2c1-carrying mice, which leads to a defective G1 cell cycle arrest in splenic B cells and increased proliferation of peritoneal cavity B1a cells. As the cell cycle is differentially regulated in B1a and B2 cells, these results suggest that Cdkn2c plays a critical role in B1a cell self-renewal and that its impaired expression leads to an accumulation of these cells with high autoreactive potential.
Compression behavior of materials: Part I. Glassy polymers

In this three-part series the compressive behavior of (i) glassy polymers, (ii) high performance polymeric and carbon fibers, and (iii) polymeric matrix composites has been addressed. The glassy polymers exhibit plastic yielding in compression. The dependence of compressive yield strength on factors such as tensile modulus, glass transition temperature, density, and free volume has been examined. Failure theories for yielding in glassy polymers have been reviewed. Compression behavior of high performance fibers and that of the composites is discussed in Parts II and III, respectively.
Both fasting glucose production and disappearance are abnormal in people with "mild" and "severe" type 2 diabetes

To determine whether regulation of fasting endogenous glucose production (EGP) and glucose disappearance (Rd) are both abnormal in people with type 2 diabetes, EGP and Rd were measured in 7 “severe...
Alcohol attenuates activation in the bilateral anterior insula during an emotional processing task: a pilot study.

Aims: Alcohol acutely reduces agitation and is widely used in social situations, but the neural substrates of emotion processing during its intoxication are not well understood. We examine whether alcohol's social stress dampening effect may be via reduced activity in the cortical systems that subserve awareness of bodily sensations, and are associated with affective distress. Methods: Blood oxygen level-dependent activation was measured through 24 functional magnetic resonance imaging sessions in 12 healthy volunteers during an emotional face-processing task following ingestion of a moderate dose of alcohol and a placebo beverage. Results: Results revealed that bilateral anterior insula response to emotional faces was significantly attenuated following consumption of alcohol, when compared with placebo (clusters >1472 μl; corrected P < 0.05). Conclusion: Attenuated response in the anterior insula after alcohol intake may explain some of the decreased interoceptive awareness described during intoxication.
Reply to Harbison's Comments on Nardi's “Modes of Explanation in Anthropological Population Theory”

rather an institution set up by government that would reimburse people for consumer complaints which the government would later settle with business. This suggestion was elaborated by Professor Maurice Rosenberg, then of Columbia University Law School, and later (under President Carter) of the U.S. Department of Justice, in an article entitled, "Devising Procedures That Are Civil to Promote Justice That Is Civilized" (Rosenberg 1971). It is an attempt to deal with collective injustice (e.g., repeated and documented offense) by business that cannot be handled by the present complaint systems in or out of court. The idea operates on the assumption that correction of business fraud would cause it to decrease, and on the evidence that it is not in the self-interest of consumers to abuse
Colorimetric determination of aliphatic acids

A colorimetric method for the determination of carboxylic acids based on the dicyclohexylcarbodiimide-coupled reaction of 2-nitrophenylhydrazine and carboxylic acids is described. The product of the reaction is extracted into aqueous sodium hydroxide to produce a blue color. This method is suitable for the analysis of aliphatic acids, but aromatic acids do not react under these conditions.
A stochastic response surface approach to statistical prediction of mobile robot mobility

The ability of autonomous or semi-autonomous mobile robots to rapidly and accurately predict their mobility characteristics is an important requirement for their use in unstructured environments. Most methods for mobility prediction, however, assume precise knowledge of environmental (i.e. terrain) properties. In practical conditions, significant uncertainty is associated with terrain parameter estimation from robotic sensors, and this uncertainty must be considered in a mobility prediction algorithm. Here a method for efficient mobility prediction based on the stochastic response surface approach is presented that explicitly considers terrain parameter uncertainty. The method is compared to a Monte Carlo-based method and simulations show that the stochastic response surface approach can be used for efficient, accurate prediction of mobile robot mobility.
Broadband transmission performance and antenna displacement tolerance in 4×4 short-range MIMO simple decoding

We previously proposed a simple decoding method for short-range multiple-input multiple-output (SR-MIMO) transmission that can reduce signal processing complexity by performing MIMO detection with an analog weighting circuit. In this paper, we evaluate the method's broadband transmission performance and antenna displacement tolerance by using a 4×4 SR-MIMO prototype system employing the method for quasi-millimeter wave band. We clarified that with the method broadband 16QAM transmission can be achieved with relative bandwidth up to 9% when transmitting and receiving array antennas are installed in the opposite position. We also clarified that broadband 16QAM transmission of 7% relative bandwidth can be achieved by installing the antennas with displacement of 0.08 wavelengths or less.
Impact of Escalating Loading Dose Regimens of Ticagrelor in Patients With ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results of a Prospective Randomized Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Investigation

Abstract Objectives The goal of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of escalating ticagrelor loading dose (LD) regimens in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). Background Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing PPCI frequently have suboptimal platelet inhibition in the early hours after ticagrelor LD. The use of high ticagrelor LD regimens has been hypothesized to optimize platelet inhibition in PPCI. Methods This was a prospective, randomized study of escalating ticagrelor LD regimens (180 mg, 270 mg, or 360 mg) in PPCI (N = 52). PK/PD analyses were performed before and 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 h post-LD. PK assessments included exposure to ticagrelor and its metabolite (AR-C124910XX). PD assessments included P2Y12 reaction units (PRU) measured by VerifyNow P2Y12 and platelet reactivity index (PRI) measured by vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP). Results Platelet reactivity was elevated during the first 2 h post-LD. There were no differences in PRU between groups during the study time course (p = 0.179). There were no significant differences in PRU levels across groups at all time points, except at 1 h (p = 0.017) where platelet reactivity was lowest with a 270-mg LD. No differences were found between the 180-mg and 360-mg groups (primary endpoint; p > 0.999). High on-treatment platelet reactivity rates were not different across groups, except at 1 hour (p = 0.038). Parallel PD findings were observed with VASP-PRI. PK analysis showed a delay in ticagrelor absorption and generation of AR-C124910XX, irrespective of dose. Although morphine was associated with a delay in ticagrelor PK/PD, it was not an independent predictor of high on-treatment platelet reactivity. Conclusions ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing PPCI frequently exhibit impaired response to ticagrelor in the early hours after drug administration, which cannot be overcome by increasing LD regimens. These PD findings are largely attributed to an impaired PK profile, indicating a delay in drug absorption compared with that reported in stable clinical settings. (High Ticagrelor Loading Dose in STEMI; NCT01898442)
Solid-state infrared-to-visible upconversion sensitized by colloidal nanocrystals

Lead sulphide colloidal nanocrystals offer a solid-state answer for infrared-to-visible upconversion. Optical upconversion via sensitized triplet–triplet exciton annihilation converts incoherent low-energy photons to shorter wavelengths under modest excitation intensities1,2,3. Here, we report a solid-state thin film for infrared-to-visible upconversion that employs lead sulphide colloidal nanocrystals as a sensitizer. Upconversion is achieved from pump wavelengths beyond λ = 1 μm to emission at λ = 612 nm. When excited at λ = 808 nm, two excitons in the sensitizer are converted to one higher-energy state in the emitter at a yield of 1.2 ± 0.2%. Peak efficiency is attained at an absorbed intensity equivalent to less than one sun. We demonstrate that colloidal nanocrystals are an attractive alternative to existing molecular sensitizers, given their small exchange splitting, wide wavelength tunability, broadband infrared absorption, and our transient observations of efficient energy transfer. This solid-state architecture for upconversion may prove useful for enhancing the capabilities of solar cells and photodetectors.
The use of HeRo catheter in catheter-dependent dialysis patients with superior vena cava occlusion.

ObjectivesHemodialysis (HD) patients with superior vena cava (SVC) occlusion have limited access options. Femoral access is commonly employed but is associated with high complication rates. Hemodia...
Mechanisms of Ion-Beam Modification of Terthiophene Oligomers from Atomistic Simulations

Ion-beam deposition on organic surfaces is a common approach to induce surface modification. Here, the difference in argon and polyatomic thiophene hyperthermal deposition on terthiophene oligomers is explored in classical molecular dynamics simulations. The forces on the atoms are determined using the second-generation reactive empirical bond order potential for hydrocarbons that is modified to include sulfur. Details of the potential fit and parametrization are provided. The simulations predict that the thiophene induces fracture of the terthiophene rings while largely retaining the chemical structure of terthiophene. Conversely, argon is predicted to alter the number of carbons within the terthiophene during modification.
Superior Photovoltaic Properties of Lead Halide Perovskites: Insights from First-Principles Theory

Organic–inorganic methylammonium lead halide perovskites have recently emerged as promising solar photovoltaic absorbers. In this Feature Article, we review our theoretical understanding of the superior photovoltaic properties, such as the extremely high optical absorption coefficient and very long carrier diffusion length of CH3NH3PbI3 perovskites through first-principles theory. We elucidate that the superior photovoltaic properties are attributed to the combination of direct band gap p–p transitions enabled by the Pb lone-pair s orbitals and perovskite symmetry, high iconicity, large lattice constant, and strong antibonding coupling between Pb lone-pair s and I p orbitals. We show that CH3NH3PbI3 exhibits intrinsic ambipolar self-doping behavior with conductivities tunable from p-type to n-type via controlling the growth conditions. We show that the p-type conductivity can be further improved by incorporating some group IA, IB, or VIA elements at I-rich/Pb-poor growth conditions. However, the n-type co...
Human Bradykinin B2 Receptor Is Activated by Kallikrein and Other Serine Proteases

Bradykinin (BK) and kallidin (Lys-BK), liberated from kininogens by kallikreins, are ligands of the BK B2 receptor. We investigated whether kallikreins, besides releasing peptide agonist, could also activate the receptor directly. We studied the effect of porcine and human recombinant tissue kallikrein and plasma kallikrein on [Ca2+]i mobilization and [3H]arachidonic acid release from cultured cells stably transfected to express human BK B2 receptor (CHO/B2, MDCK/B2, HEK/B2), and endothelial cells were used as control cells. As with BK, the actions of kallikrein were blocked by the B2 antagonist, HOE 140. Kallikrein was inactive on cells lacking B2receptor. Kallikrein and BK desensitized the receptor homologously but there was no cross-desensitization. Furthermore, 50 nM human cathepsin G and 50 nM trypsin also activated the receptor; this also was blocked by HOE 140. Experiments excluded a putative kinin release by proteases. [3H]AA release by BK was reduced by 40% by added kininase I (carboxypeptidase M); however, receptor activation by tissue kallikrein, trypsin, or cathepsin G was not affected. Prokallikrein and inhibited kallikrein were inactive, suggesting cleavage of a peptide bond in the receptor. Kallikreins were active on mutated B2receptor missing the 19 N-terminal amino acids, suggesting a type of activation different from that of thrombin receptor. Paradoxically, tissue kallikreins decreased the [3H]BK binding to the receptor with a low KD (3 nM) and inhibited it 78%. Thus, kallikreins and some other proteases activate human BK B2 receptor directly, independent of BK release. The BK B2 receptor may belong to a new group of serine protease-activated receptors.
Investigation of Domestic Drinking Water Situation in Rural Areas of Chaohu City

Objective To study the situation of domestic drinking water in rural areas so as to provide scientific basis for speeding up development of tap water supply system in rural areas.Methods All township、village in Chaohu city were investigated comprehensively,The data were analyzed.Results The population in rural areas of Chaohu city were 4 323 583 persons.There were 229 tap water supply system,which benefited 1 466 590 persons,accounted for 33.92%;The water source of separate water supply included: deep well water,phreatic water,spring,river lake reservoir,pool and others,which benefited 2 856 993 persons,accounted for 66.08%,of them,74.77% persons drank phreatic water.Conclusions Tap water supply system in rural areas of Chaohu city was not popularized,the development of tap water supply system in rural areas should be speeded up and supervision should be reinforced.
Effect of different cryopreservative carriers on vitrification of mouse MII oocytes

Aim:To explore the optimal carrier and procedure for mouse mature(MⅡ) oocyte vitrification.Methods:Collected mouse MⅡ oocytes and randomly divided into experimental,exposed,and control groups.Three types of carriers [regular straws,closed pulled straws(CPS),and open pulled straws(OPS) ]were used in expreimental group.Ethylene glycol and sucrose were used as cryopreservatives to flash freeze and thaw the oocytes in experimental group.The oocytes in the exposed group were only exposed to ethylene glycol and sucrose but not frozen and the oocytes in the control group were not treated.The post-thawed oocyte retrieval rate,fertilized rate,and cleavage rate were observed after vitrification.Results:Oocyte retrieval rates were 92.0%,92.3%,and 72.3% in regular straws,OPS,and CPS treatment oocytes,respectively.Oocyte retrieval rate in the CPS treatment oocytes was much lower compared with the other two treatment oocytes(P 0.001).Post-thawed oocyte survival rates were 43.5%,72.2%,and 76.5% in regular straws,CPS,and OPS treatment oocytes,respectively.The rates of CPS and OPS treatment oocytes were much higher in comparison to the regular straw treatment oocytes(P 0.001).The cleavage rates in experimental,exposed,and control groups were 38.6%,69.2%,and 73.5%,respectively.The cleavage rate of experimental group was much lower than those of the exposed and control groups(P 0.001).Conclusion:CPS is a promising carrier in vitrification for mouse MⅡ oocytes and worth trying to put into application.
Empirical Analysis of Leverage Effect Impact on the Growth of Agricultural Enterprises

This paper used some agricultural industrialization key leading enterprise data to build a growth model of agricultural enterprises as defining in the rate of return on equity to analysize leverage effect impact on the growth of agricultural enterprises.The results showed that the rate of return of net assets enhance the growth of agricultural enterprises.Operating and financial leverage differently affected on the growth of agricultural enterprises,but not significantly;controlling shareholder had a higher equity ratio,agricultural enterprises grew quickly;Sales revenue would be consistent with the corporate growth of agricultural enterprises.From the regional view,conclusions of study for the growth of agricultural enterprises would be different with other scholars.This paper presents policy implications according to the results of regression.
MR of the head and neck: comparison of fast spin-echo and conventional spin-echo sequences.

PURPOSE To compare conspicuousness of head and neck lesions on fast spin-echo sequences and conventional spin-echo sequences. METHODS Forty consecutive patients with 61 head and neck lesions were evaluated. Lesion conspicuousness was qualitatively compared on conventional spin-echo and fast spin-echo sequences, using both spin-density and T2-weighted images. Thirty-six lesions had surgical or pathologic confirmation, and 25 were assigned a presumptive diagnosis based on clinical evaluation and imaging findings seen on conventional spin-echo T1- and T2-weighted sequences. Forty lesions were related to neoplasms; 21 lesions consisted of infectious, vascular, or inflammatory abnormalities. RESULTS Fast spin-echo sequences provided improved lesion conspicuousness in 91% of spin-density images, in 77% of T2-weighted images, and in 84% of the combined spin-density and T2-weighted images. CONCLUSION By providing shorter imaging times and equal or superior lesion conspicuousness, long-repetition-time fast spin-echo sequences can replace long-repetition-time conventional spin-echo sequences in evaluation of the head and neck.
Mechanism of BRG1 silencing in primary cancers

// Stefanie B. Marquez-Vilendrer 1 , Kenneth Thompson 1 , Li Lu 2 and David Reisman 1 1 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 2 Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Correspondence to: David Reisman, email: // Keywords : BRG1, SWI/SNF, mutation, epigenetic, cancer Received : August 26, 2015 Accepted : January 19, 2016 Published : July 13, 2016 Abstract BRG1 ( SMARCA4 ) is a documented tumor suppressor and a key subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex that is silenced in many cancer types. Studies have shown that BRG1 is mutated in cancer-derived cell lines, which led to the assertion that BRG1 is also mutated in primary human tumors. However, the sequencing of BRG1-deficient tumors has revealed a paucity of mutations; hence, the cause of BRG1 silencing in tumors remains an enigma. We conducted immunohistochemistry (IHC) on a number of tumor microarrays to characterize the frequency of BRG1 loss in different tumor types. We also analyzed BRG1-deficient tumors by sequencing the genomic DNA and the mRNA. We then tested if BRG1 expression could be induced in BRG1-negative cell lines (i.e., that lack mutations in BRG1 ) after the application of several different epigenetic agents, including drugs that inhibit the AKT pathway. We found that a subset of BRG1-negative cell lines also demonstrated aberrant splicing of BRG1, and in at least 30% of BRG1-deficient tumors, BRG1 expression appeared to be suppressed due to aberrant BRG1 splicing. As the majority of BRG1-deficient tumors lack mutations or splicing defects that could drive BRG1 loss of expression, this suggests that other mechanisms underlie BRG1 silencing. To this end, we analyzed 3 BRG1-deficient nonmutated cancer cell lines and found that BRG1 was inducible in these cell lines upon inhibition of the AKT pathway. We show that the loss of BRG1 is associated with the loss of E-cadherin and up-regulation of Vimentin in primary tumors, which explains why BRG1 loss is associated with a poor prognosis in multiple tumor types.
Enthalpy of fusion at freezing point—Inorganic compounds

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the results for the enthalpy of fusion at the freezing point for inorganic compounds in tabular form. The tabulation is arranged by alphabetical order such as Ag, Al, Ar, and Zr to provide ease of use in quickly locating the data by using the chemical formula. The compound name and chemical abstracts registry number (CAS No) are also provided in columns. The next column provides the freezing point and the enthalpy of fusion at the freezing point. The last column gives the code for the tabulation. In preparing the tabulation, a literature search is conducted to identify data source publications. Both experimental values for the property under consideration and parameter values for estimation of the property are included in the source publications. The publications are screened, and copies of appropriate data are made. These data are then keyed into the computer to provide a database of values for compounds for which experimental data are available. The database also serves as a basis to check the accuracy of the estimation methods. Upon completion of data collection, estimation of values for the remaining compounds is performed. The compilations of CRC, Daubert and Danner, Lange’s Handbook, web sites, and Yaws are used extensively for the enthalpy of fusion.
Defining geographical boundaries with social and technical variables to improve urban energy assessments

Abstract Within residential electricity consumption there exists significant variability from home-to-home due to the differences in building thermal properties, appliances, and inhabitants. Electricity analyses at sub-city scales using predefined geographies, such census tracts, might artificially split areas with homogenous characteristics leading to analyses that don't effectively contrast the drivers of energy use. The objective of this study is to use the spatial relationships between demographics, building types, and electricity consumption to form new geographies with less variability for use in residential energy assessment. Using Los Angeles and New York City as case studies, differences in energy use variability within predefined geographies (e.g., census tract) are compared to geographies defined by clustering on socio-technical characteristics. Socio-technical clustering, regardless of the chosen subset of variables, reduces the energy consumption variability over pre-defined geopolitical boundaries with high statistical significance (p
Locating healthcare facilities using a network-based covering location problem

Where should new service facilities be located is a key question in ensuring healthcare accessibility. In previous healthcare literature, most researchers applied either maximal covering location problem (MCLP) or location set covering problem (LSCP) to address the location selection problems. The MCLP tries to maximize population with access with a limited number of facilities; while the LSCP ensures full coverage with a minimum number of facilities. However, researchers rarely applied both models and compare their results. Moreover, most literature applied Euclidean distance to generate service coverages and failed to demonstrate the geo-processing steps in the application of location problems with the integration of geographic information system (GIS). To complement existing literature, this paper proposes a network-based covering location problem (Net-CLP) building on traditional location problems. The Net-CLP incorporates two sub-models: a network-based maximal covering location problem (Net-MCLP) and a network-based location set covering problem (Net-LSCP). The goal of Net-CLP in this paper is threefold: (1) the network-based coverage is based on real world transportation networks depending on different travel thresholds; (2) addressing the location problem applying both Net-MCLP and Net-LSCP to fully evaluate candidate facility sites, considering service capabilities; (3) demonstrating the integration of GIS in location problems, with a case study of Hillsborough County, Florida.
An Argument Supporting the Reality of Compensation in Fish Populations and a Plea to Let Them Exercise It

Hope from him had almost drained; His children all had been entrained. The last striped bass in Hudson River Gave a pained, convulsive shiver.
F&E-Aktivitäten und Marktstruktur im unternehmerischen Wettlauf um Basisinnovationen

Vor allem in „progressiven“ Industriebranchen wird weniger den kontinuierlichen Verbesserungsinnovationen, sondern vielmehr den weitreichenden Basisinnovationen eine entscheidende Bedeutung fur die Wettbewerbsfahigkeit der Unternehmen beigemessen. Im Vordergrund steht dabei die Suche nach vollig neuen Produkten und Produktionsverfahren, die dem erfolgreichen Pionierunternehmen auserordentliche Gewinne versprechen, bis Imitatoren nachziehen und diese Gewinne wieder abbauen. Ziel eines Unternehmens ist es daher, moglichst vor der Konkurrenz mit einer Innovation aufzuwarten bzw. den „Innovationswettlauf“ zu gewinnen. Den Schumpeterschen Vorstellungen des dynamischen Wettbewerbs entsprechend reagieren die Unternehmen damit nicht auf Wettbewerbsvorsprunge ihrer Konkurrenten, sondern versuchen ihrerseits, durch technologische Neuerungen derartige Vorsprunge zu erzielen. “Der Schumpetersche Wettbewerb ist somit Innovationswettlauf (Kromphardt, Teschner 1986, S. 237). Dieser zeitliche Aspekt im Innovationswettbewerb spielt eine um so grosere Rolle, wenn sich der Erstinnovator die ausschliesliche Nutzung seiner Innovation durch ein Patent fur eine bestimmte Zeit sichern kann. Es finden dann regelrechte Patentrennen zwischen den konkurrierenden Unternehmen statt.
Coherent Radiation Sources in the Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Region: Basic Principles and Recent Developments

I will discuss basic principles and recent developments in Coherent Radiation Sources in the Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Region.
Sterile neutrino dark matter with supersymmetry

Sterile neutrino dark matter, a popular alternative to the WIMP paradigm, has generally been studied in non-supersymmetric setups. If the underlying theory is supersymmetric, we find that several interesting and novel dark matter features can arise. In particular, in scenarios of freeze-in production of sterile neutrino dark matter, its superpartner, the sterile sneutrino, can play a crucial role in early Universe cosmology as the dominant source of cold, warm, or hot dark matter, or of a subdominant relativistic population of sterile neutrinos that can contribute to the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom ${N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$ during big bang nucleosynthesis.
Feminization of arts participation and extracurricular activities? Gender differences in cultural capital and bullying victimization

Abstract The study of gender differences in arts participation is extensive. Research on cultural capital often includes arts participation, but can also include participation in sports and extracurricular activities, particularly for youth in the United States. Far less research has examined the relationship between arts participation, other forms of cultural capital, and being the victim of bullying. Previous studies suggest that dominant definitions of masculinity help to explain the importance of gender in this relationship. We analyzed data from the 2002 Education Longitudinal Study to assess the extent to which male students were bullied in connection with participation in cultural activities often perceived to lack masculinity. We found that participation in clubs/academic extracurricular activities were associated with increased odds of bullying victimization for male students. On the other hand, participation in music courses was associated with increased odds of victimization for all students. Additionally, participation in varsity athletics was associated with decreased odds of victimization for all students. These findings suggest which cultural activities are stigmatized and for whom among a nationally representative sample of U.S. high school sophomores.
Effect of composition on grain boundary wetting characteristics in Ni-30Cr weld metal

The use of Ni-30Cr components in nuclear power reactors requires a compatible filler metal to ensure reliable welded joints associated with reactor vessels, steam generators, and pressurizers. The high chromium content provides resistance to stress corrosion cracking (SCC), and niobium (Nb) additions provide ductility dip cracking (DDC) resistance. Previous work showed that solidification cracking susceptibility increases with 2–4 wt% Nb and decreases with 6–8 wt% Nb. This decrease is due to a eutectic backfilling phenomenon which “fills” freshly formed cracks when sufficient low-melting eutectic liquid is present upon solidification. A reduction in cracking susceptibility was also seen when molybdenum (Mo) was added in conjunction with high Nb levels, but the mechanism behind this effect is unknown. The objective is to address the potential effect Mo additions have on eutectic grain boundary wetting to better understand how crack healing may change with composition variance. Since Mo additions have no apparent effect on the fraction eutectic upon solidification, it is postulated that Mo may increase the “wettability” of the eutectic liquid along grain boundaries, allowing crack backfilling to occur more efficiently. Potentially, Mo additions may support more complete crack healing, thereby a further cracking susceptibility reduction, when the fraction eutectic is sufficiently high. A preliminary, qualitative approach was taken to induce local remelting and wetting of eutectic in weld metal samples with and without Mo additions. The results suggest that Mo changes the eutectic remelting and/or wetting characteristics to some degree. Fundamentally understanding molybdenum’s role in eutectic grain boundary wetting could facilitate the development of filler metals that rely on eutectic healing via backfilling to provide solidification cracking resistance.
A design-of-experiment (DOE) to optimize a SiP design for connectivity applications

System-in-Package (SiP) is becoming more and more important in integrating functionality while reducing final product form factors and cost. This is particularly true for mobile applications where continued effort to achieve ever smaller products is continuously pushing development of new materials, components and assembly technologies. An optimization study of a SiP design based on a functional product is discussed in this presentation to address the following: 1. Design optimization to reduce component spacing with varied assembly challenges 2. Substrate stack-up optimization for z-height reduction with coreless substrate technologies 3. Flip chip (FC) bump pad optimization for ball bumped or copper-pillar bumped CMOS silicon's 4. Cost reduction potential to replace SOP with paste printing using u-stencil for flip chip applications 5. Assessment of different MUF and fluxing underfill (FU) materials To accomplish these objectives, two types of bumped silicon wafers/dice, three different substrates and four different materials were implemented in this DOE. Short-looped wafers of an actual live device were bumped with CuP pillar as well as with SnAg ball bumping technologies. All three substrate designs are coreless, as compared with the original POR conventional design. One substrate was designed with the plan-of-record (POR) component spacing on a 6-layer stack-up that results in ∼ 290 um overall z-height; X-Y-Z size reductions were achieved on the alternative 4-layer design that has reduced component spacing as well as a reduced overall z-height of ∼ 190 um; furthermore, embedded trace substrate (ETS) was used as the top layer for the 4-layer designs to ensure improved routing capabilities. Subtle differentiation between these two 4-layer designs is in the die shadow area on the top ETS layer: while one design uses solder mask defined pads (SMD) the other uses the ETS dielectric materials to define the flip chip bonding pads without solder mask (NSMD). The latter design facilitates the MUF flows for ultralow stand-off flip chip solder joints and make it a likely “universal” pad design for both CuP and SnAg flip chip bump attach. Four different MUF materials along with one FU materials were used for DOE assembly: the first MUF is the POR material currently used in HVM production with nominal filler sizes; 2nd MUF is for low warpage applications (especially for thin, coreless substrate); 3rd MUF has a smaller filler size that is optimized for small stand-off flip chip bumps and the last MUF has a much improved thermal conductivity and is assessed here for its fit-for-use in other high thermal density applications. FU used is an underfill material with build-in flux and is opportunistically included here to assess its fit for use for our future products. Overall DOE plans shall be described, preliminary results as well as the screening test plan will be presented in some detail and implication of these interacting factors in improving a SiP design to achieve small form end product will be discussed.
A 1.5-GHz 6.144T Correlations/s 64 $\times $ 64 Cross-Correlator With 128 Integrated ADCs for Real-Time Synthetic Aperture Imaging

A 65-nm CMOS, 18-mm2, 1.5-GHz 64 $\times $ 64 cross-correlator with 128 on-chip analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) enables real-time synthetic aperture radiometric imaging. This brief enables high-resolution synthetic aperture radiometry by greatly improving the integration and energy efficiency of the mixed-signal baseband cross-correlator. The design supports analog-in and digital correlation out, removing approximately 5 W of power that would otherwise be needed for I/O between the ADCs and the digital correlation core. The prototype 6.144T correlation/s 1.5 Gsamples/s 64 $\times $ 64 correlator is designed for satellite-based radiometric imaging of water in the atmosphere. Massive parallelism together with an optimized correlation scheme leads to a measured energy consumption of only 0.35 pJ/correlation/cycle. A correlation efficiency greater than 90% is achieved for input signal levels greater than −30 dBm.
Brazilian and Nigerian International Students’ Conceptions of Learning in Higher Education

The growth of international students compels examination of introspective aspects of learning experiences such as conceptions of learning. Additionally, learning conceptions profoundly impact learning outcomes (Tsai, 2009). To address the lack of research on learning conceptions of students from Africa and South America, this study examines Brazilian and Nigerian students' conceptions of learning while studying in the U.S. Reflective diaries and interviews reveal an awareness of learning as not limited to the classroom, along with clear themes regarding ideas about learning and actual learning experiences. Findings provide valuable information to institutions regarding academic support and assistance for international students.
Noradrenergic Modulation of Cognition in Health and Disease

Norepinephrine released by the locus coeruleus modulates cellular processes and synaptic transmission in the central nervous system through its actions at a number of pre- and postsynaptic receptors. This transmitter system facilitates sensory signal detection and promotes waking and arousal, processes which are necessary for navigating a complex and dynamic sensory environment. In addition to its effects on sensory processing and waking behavior, norepinephrine is now recognized as a contributor to various aspects of cognition, including attention, behavioral flexibility, working memory, and long-term mnemonic processes. Two areas of dense noradrenergic innervation, the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, are particularly important with regard to these functions. Due to its role in mediating normal cognitive function, it is reasonable to expect that noradrenergic transmission becomes dysfunctional in a number of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases characterized by cognitive deficits. In this review, we summarize the unique role that norepinephrine plays in prefrontal cortical and hippocampal function and how its interaction with its various receptors contribute to cognitive behaviors. We further assess the changes that occur in the noradrenergic system in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia and how these changes contribute to cognitive decline in these pathologies.
The role of force networks in granular materials

One of the most visually striking features of granular materials is their heterogeneous pattern of force transmission, commonly known as force chains. In this paper and its associated talk, we will review several experiments on two-dimensional photoelastic granular materials which highlight methods for making quantitative interparticle forces measurements, theoretical frameworks for interpreting such data, and the specific findings which result from these methods.
Comparison of elicitor activities of arachidonic acid, fatty acids and glucans from Phytophthora infestans in hypersensitivity expression in potato tuber

Arachidonic acid (AA), an elicitor of sesquiterpene phytoalexins in potato, also elicited a number of other reactions in tuber tissue characteristic of the hypersensitive response (HSR) to incompatible races of Phytophthora infestans. These included the accumulation of lignin, the stimulation of peroxidase activity, and the production of ethylene and ethane. However, lignin, ethylene and ethane were also produced after tissues were treated with linoleic acid which does not elicit sesquiterpenes nor induce resistance to compatible races of P. infestans . β -glucans extracted from the mycelium of P. infestans, which alone are inactive as elicitors of the HSR but dramatically enhance AA sesquiterpene elicitor activity, elicited lignin and their effect appeared to be additive rather than synergistic when applied with the fatly acids. The results suggest that the effect of AA on terpenoid metabolism, peroxidase activity and its protection of potato tissue from colonization by a compatible race as well as the stimulation of AA activity by glucans are highly specific. The non-specific stimulation of lignin, ethylene and ethane production appear to derive from AA's properties as an unsaturated fatty acid rather than from its specific properties as an elicitor of the HSR.
Invisible Pirates: Women and the Gendered Roles of Somali Piracy:

Women’s participation in maritime piracy activities has spanned throughout the centuries and across the globe. However, women as perpetrators of contemporary maritime piracy have yet to receive aca...