cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A useful method for model-building II:synthesizing response functions from individual components

In model-building investigations the response of interest y is often a function of two or more components. The usual procedure in such situations is to use this function to compute the values of y for each run and then obtain the fitted equation ŷ = F(x 1, x 2, …, x k ) relating ŷ to relevant process variables. In this article we suggest a different method that will sometimes be preferable: first fit equations to the component responses (either individually or in subsets) and then combine these equations to obtain the desired function F. The proposed method is especially useful when the usual procedure fails to produce a satisfactory model. A chemical example illustrates how, by using this method, a second-order model can be obtained from a first-order design (a two-level factorial design).
What’s the matter with epistemic circularity?

If the reliability of a source of testimony is open to question, it seems epistemically illegitimate to verify the source’s reliability by appealing to that source’s own testimony. Is this because it is illegitimate to trust a questionable source’s testimony on any matter whatsoever? Or is there a distinctive problem with appealing to the source’s testimony on the matter of that source’s own reliability? After distinguishing between two kinds of epistemically illegitimate circularity—bootstrapping and self-verification—I argue for a qualified version of the claim that there is nothing especially illegitimate about using a questionable source to evaluate its own reliability. Instead, it is illegitimate to appeal to a questionable source’s testimony on any matter whatsoever, with the matter of the source’s own reliability serving only as a special case.
Subcooled nucleate boiling from a horizontal multicylinder bundle in pool boiling

Abstract An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the effect of tube spacing and liquid temperature on the average and local heat transfer coefficients of tubes in a tube bundle. The dependency on these two parameters was found to be controlled by the flow field around the tubes.
Sedimentation and intrinsic viscosity behavior of PM2 bacteriophage DNA in alkaline solution

The sedimentation coefficient and intrinsic viscosity of nicked and closed circular PM2 bacteriophage DNA have been measured as a function of pH in the alkaline region. A gradual increase in the sidimentation coefficient, and a corresponding decrease in the intrinsic viscosity, are observed for the superhelical (closed) circle in the pH region from 10.5 to about 10.9. This has been tentatively interpreted in terms of the known dependence of sedimentation coefficient upon the number of superhelical turns. At slightly higher pH values, the curve passes through the minimum (sedimentation coefficient) and maximum (intrinsic viscosity) expected when the superhelical turns present at neutral pH are unwound by partial alkaline denaturation. Sedimentation studies of the relaxed (nicked) circular species have revealed the existence of DNA forms in the pH region from 11.27 to 11.37 which sediment considerably faster than the closed circle in the same pH region. These have been identified as partially denatured nicked circles, in which varying fractions of the duplex structure have undergone alkaline denaturation, but strand separation has not yet occurred. Varying fractions of a slower species, either undenatured or completely denatured nicked circles, are also observed in some of these experiments. A corresponding result is observed in the intrinsic viscosity vs. pH curve. When nicked circular PM2 DNA is exposed to various alkaline pH's, rapidly neutralized, and sedimented at neutral pH, the expected sharp transition from native to denatured (strand-separated) molecules is seen. However, a very narrow pH range is noted in which native and denatured forms coexist in a single experiment. The above experiments carried out upon the closed form also reveal a narrow pH range in which the bulk of the transition from native closed circles to the collapsed cyclic coil takes place, in acccord with an earlier study on a different DNA. This transition is shown never to be completely effected, however, as there is a fraction (7–8%)of the closed circles which renature to the native form, regardless of the alkaline pH employed. This same phenomenon was not observed in the case of artificially closed λb2b5c DNA circles. Possible explanations for some of the above results are discussed.
A New Land Use in Downtown: How Cities are Dealing With Telecom Hotels

:Telecommunications infrastructure is growing in importance across the United States. In the past, this infrastructure was largely invisible. Today, however, telecom hotels have emerged as a visible form of downtown infrastructure. This study explores the reaction of communities to the development of telecom hotels in downtowns. A few cities have formulated formal policy responses to telecom hotel development in downtown areas. The approaches vary from tax incentives to regulatory limitations. The findings indicate that communities need to plan for growth in telecommunications infrastructure.
Acute onset of abducens nerve palsy in a child with prior history of otitis media: a misleading sign of Gradenigo syndrome

Gradenigo syndrome in children during otitis media is a very rare complication since the use of antibiotics: nevertheless, it must be taken into account in case of otitis media, abducens nerve paralysis and facial pain in regions innervated by the first and second division of trigeminal nerve. We report the case of a 4-year-old boy whose neurological signs and clinical history prompted us to entertain a diagnosis of Gradenigo syndrome, which was not confirmed by CT and MRI findings, revealing otomastoiditis and sinus thrombosis.
A single line, far infrared water laser☆

Abstract Lasing at 285.55 cm−1 has been observed from a flash photolyzed H2 and O3 mixture. The oscillating line has been assigned to a water transition pumped by a resonance energy transfer mechanism.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) Stress Induced by a Neurovirulent Mouse Retrovirus Is Associated with Prolonged BiP Binding and Retention of a Viral Protein in the ER

Some murine retroviruses cause a spongiform neurodegenerative disease exhibiting pathology resembling that observed in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. The neurovirulence of these "spongiogenic retroviruses" is determined by the sequence of their respective envelope proteins, although the mechanisms of neurotoxicity are not understood. We have studied a highly neurovirulent virus called FrCasE that causes a rapidly progressive form of this disease. Recently, transcriptional markers of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress were detected during the early preclinical period in the brains of FrCasE-infected mice. In contrast, ER stress was not observed in mice infected with an avirulent virus, F43, which carries a different envelope gene, suggesting a role for ER stress in disease pathogenesis. Here we have examined in NIH 3T3 cells the cause of this cellular stress response. The envelope protein of F43 bound BiP, a major ER chaperone, transiently and was processed normally through the secretory pathway. In contrast, the envelope protein of FrCasE bound to BiP for a prolonged period, was retained in the ER, and was degraded by the proteasome. Furthermore, engagement of the FrCasE envelope protein by ER quality control pathways resulted in decreased steady-state levels of this protein, relative to that of F43, both in NIH 3T3 cells and in the brains of infected mice. Thus, the ER stress induced by FrCasE appears to be initiated by inefficient folding of its viral envelope protein, suggesting that the neurodegenerative disease caused by this virus represents a protein misfolding disorder.
Introduction to Classical Theism

“Classical theism” is the name given to the model of God we find in Platonic, neo-Platonic, and Aristotelian philosophy and in Christian, Muslim, and Jewish thinkers who appropriate those traditions of classical Greek philosophy. The God of classical theism is unqualifiedly perfect, where “perfection” is conceived in ways congenial to the mind of Greek metaphysics: as requiring absolute unity, self-sufficiency, and immutability. The unqualifiedly perfect being is atemporal and immaterial – free from all limitations of time and place. It acts but is not acted upon, and so it is said to be impassible. It is perfect in knowledge, perfect in power, and perfect in goodness.
CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF URANYL MOLYBDATES. VIII. CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF Na3Tl3[(UO2)(MoO4)4], Na13−xTl3+x[(UO2)(MoO4)3]4(H2O)6+x (x = 0.1), Na3Tl5[(UO2)(MoO4)3]2(H2O)3 AND Na2[(UO2)(MoO4)2](H2O)4

Nous avons synthetise par voie hydrothermale des cristaux de quatre molybdates uranyles de sodium, Na 3 Tl 3 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 4 ] (1), Na 1 3 - x Tl 3 + x [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 3 ] 4 (H 2 )O 6 + x (x=0.1) (2), Na 3 Tl 5 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 3 ] 2 (H 2 O) 3 (3) et Na 2 [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ](H 2 O) 4 (4). La structure de chaque compose a ete resolue et affinee en utilisant les facteurs F 2 de toutes les donnees uniques, prelevees avec rayonnement MoKα et un detecteur de type CCD. La structure de 1 [orthorhombique, Pbcn, a 20.5823(14), b 7.4391(5), c 26.2514(17) A, V 4019.5(5) A 3 , Z = 8] a ete affinee jusqu'a un residu RI de 0.060. Elle repose sur la presence d'un groupement fini ayant une composition [(UO 2 ) 2 (MoO 4 ) 8 ] 1 2 , qui contient deux bipyramides pentagonales UrO 5 et huit tetraedres MoO 4 . Les groupements sont lies dans une trame grâce a des octaedres difformes Na(1)O 6 et Na(2)O 6 . Le site des atomes Tl et Na, ces derniers dans des sites partiellement occupes [Na(3) et Na(4)], sont situes dans des cavites dans la trame. La structure de 2 [monoclinique, P2/c, a 19.7942(11), b 7.1913(4), c 22.8835(13) A, β 97.828(1) c , V 3227.0(3) A 3 , Z = 2] a ete affinee jusqu'a un facteur R1 de 0.050. Elle contient des chaines; de composition [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 3 ] 4 - paralleles a l'axe a. Les chaines sont interliees dans une trame tri-dimensionnelle par des polyedres NaΦ 5 et NaΦ 6 (Φ: O 2 - , H 2 O) partageant des aretes. Les atomes Tl sont situes dans des cavites de cette trame. La structure de 3 [orthorhombique, P2 1 2 1 2 1 , a 10.7662(6), b 11.9621(6), c 12.8995(7) A, V 1661.3(2) A 3 , Z = 2] a ete affinee jusqu'a un facteur R1 de 0.063. Elle est faite de chaines de composition [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 3 ] 4 - paralleles a l'axe c, et liees dans une trame par des octaedres Na(1)Φ 6 . Les atomes Tl et les sites Na(2) partiellement occupes sont situes dans des cavites dans cette trame. La structure de 4 [monoclinique, P2 1 /n, a 8.9023(5), b 11.5149(6), c 13.8151(7) A, β 107.743(1)°, V 1348.8(1) A 3 , Z = 4] a ete affinee jusqu'a un residu R1 de 0.035. Elle contient des feuillets de composition [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] 2 - paralleles au plan (101). Les octaedres NaΦ 6 , partagent des aretes entre eux. pour donner des chaines paralleles a l'axe b qui lient les feuillets [(UO 2 )(MoO 4 ) 2 ] 2 - adjacents en une trame. Les quatre structures sont comparees a celles de molybdates uranyles apparentes.
Market Concentration and the Analysis of Vertical Organization

This paper proposes concentration indices that extend the classical Hirschman-Herfindahl Index to include vertical structures for differentiated products. The analysis shows how cross-product substitution/complementarity relationships across vertical channels can affect pricing. It also identifies the role played by market size. The usefulness of the approach is illustrated in an application to a merger analysis in the gasoline market.
Diabetes mellitus and obesity

Numerous vitamins, herbs, supplements, and other agents are readily available for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Many of these products have little evidence-based medical support to prove the efficacy of these supplements. The physician must be aware that their patients are using these products and must be knowledgeable about their side effects and drug-herb interactions. Our patients have tremendous access to medical information in the lay literature and on the internet. They are using this information to gain access to various diet therapies. Numerous fad diets consisting of various combinations of protein, carbohydrate, and fat are widely publicized but not grounded in evidence. Liquid diets and supplements are readily available and widely used by the public with little long-term beneficial effects on obese patients. Other alternative methods, such as hypnotherapy, acupuncture, biofeedback, and electrogalvanic therapy, have become widely available and seem to have little adverse reaction, but whose benefits remain to be proved. The physician must recognize the widespread use of these products and work with patients and alternative practitioners to deliver comprehensive quality care. Physicians who become comfortable with these products should consider their judicious use while monitoring for side effects and drug interaction. It is hoped that with further evidence-based study many of these products and techniques will enter mainstream medicine.
Interaction-oriented programming

This paper describes a new approach to the production of robust software. We first motivate the approach by explaining why the two major goals of software engineering--correct software and reusable software--are not being addressed well by the current state of software practice. We then describe a methodology based on active, cooperative, and persistent software components, i.e., agents, and show how the methodology produces robust and reusable software. We derive requirements for the structure and behavior of the agents, and report on preliminary experiments on applications based on the methodology. We conclude with a roadmap for development of the methodology and ruminations about uses for the new computational paradigm.
The embedding of meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin into silica nanoparticle platforms for photodynamic therapy and their singlet oxygen production and pH-dependent optical properties.

This study relates to nanoparticle (NP) platforms that attach to tumor cells externally and only deliver singlet oxygen for photodynamic therapy (PDT) while conserving the embedded photosensitizers (PS). As a model, we demonstrate the successful embedding of the PS meta-tetra(hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (m-THPC) in NP that are based on a sol-gel silica matrix and also show its positive effect on the singlet oxygen production. The embedding of m-THPC inside silica NP is accomplished by a modified Stober sol-gel process, in which (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane is introduced during the reaction. Singlet oxygen delivery by the targetable photodynamic NP exceeds that from free PS molecules. In the physiological pH range, there is no significant pH-induced decrease in the fluorescence of m-THPC embedded in silica NP, which might otherwise affect the efficiency of PDT.
Constitutive expression of the B7h ligand for inducible costimulator on naive B cells is extinguished after activation by distinct B cell receptor and interleukin 4 receptor-mediated pathways and can be rescued by CD40 signaling.

The recently described ligand–receptor pair, B7h–inducible costimulator (ICOS), is critical for germinal center formation and antibody responses. In contrast to the induced expression of the related costimulatory ligands B7.1 and B7.2, B7h is constitutively expressed on naive B cells and is surprisingly extinguished after antigen engagement and interleukin (IL)-4 cytokine signaling. Although signaling through both B cell receptor (BCR) and IL-4 receptor (R) converge on the extinction of B7h mRNA levels, BCR down-regulation occurs through Ca2+ mobilization, whereas IL-4R down-regulation occurs through a distinct Stat6-dependent pathway. During antigen-specific B cell activation, costimulation through CD40 signaling can reverse both BCR- and IL-4R–mediated B7h down-regulation. These data suggest that the CD40–CD40 ligand signaling pathway regulates B7h expression on activated B cells and may control whether antigen-activated B cells can express B7h and costimulate cognate antigen–activated T cells through ICOS.
Signal Processing with temporal sequences in olfactory systems

The olfactory system is a very efficient biological setup capable of odor information processing with neural signals. The nature of neural signals restricts the information representation to multidimensional temporal sequences of spikes. The information is contained in the interspike intervals within each individual neural signal and interspike intervals between multiple signals. A mechanism of interactions between random excitations evoked by odorants in the olfactory receptors of the epithelium and deterministic operation of the olfactory bulb is proposed in this paper. Inverse Frobenius-Perron models of the bulb's temporal sequences are fitted to the interspike distributions of temporally modulated receptor signals. Ultimately, such pattern matching results in ability to recognize odors and offer a hypothetic model for signal processing occurring in the primary stage of the olfactory system.
Sister chromatid exchanges in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to high intensity pulsed ultrasound: inability to confirm previous positive results.

Abstract This study was undertaken in an attempt to determine a physical mechanism of action for a recently published report of a small but statistically significant increase in sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) in Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to high-intensity pulsed ultrasound. The “positive” report's protocol involved a sizeable chance of ultrasound beam impingement on the side wall of the cell exposure chamber. Ten experiments per regimen were conducted; the regimens included exposures of (a) chamber center, (b) chamber wall, (c) nine grid sites, 0.5 mm between sites, and (d) nine grid sites, 1.5 mm between sites. The last was an exact replication of the conditions previously reported to induce the small SCE effect. The results did not support the postulate of an increase in SCEs with the ultrasound exposures.
Inflammatory mast cells up-regulate angiogenesis during squamous epithelial carcinogenesis

Expression of HPV16 early region genes in basal keratinocytes of transgenic mice elicits a multistage pathway to squamous carcinoma. We report that infiltration by mast cells and activation of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP-9/gelatinase B coincides with the angiogenic switch in premalignant lesions. Mast cells infiltrate hyperplasias, dysplasias, and invasive fronts of carcinomas, but not the core of solid tumors, where they degranulate in close apposition to capillaries and epithelial basement membranes, releasing mast-cell-specific serine proteases MCP-4 (chymase) and MCP-6 (tryptase). MCP-6 is shown to be a mitogen for dermal fibroblasts that proliferate in the reactive stroma, whereas MCP-4 can activate progelatinase B and induce hyperplastic skin to become angiogenic in an in vitro bioassay. Notably, premalignant angiogenesis is abated in a mast-cell-deficient (KITW/KITWWv) HPV16 transgenic mouse. The data indicate that neoplastic progression in this model involves exploitation of an inflammatory response to tissue abnormality. Thus, regulation of angiogenesis during squamous carcinogenesis is biphasic: In hyperplasias, dysplasias, and invading cancer fronts, inflammatory mast cells are conscripted to reorganize stromal architecture and hyperactivate angiogenesis; within the cancer core, upregulation of angiogenesis factors in tumor cells apparently renders them self-sufficient at sustaining neovascularization.
Nanomechanical non-volatile memory for computing at extreme

A computing platform that works under extreme conditions (> 250 °C and at radiation > 1 Mrad) can be attractive in a number of important application areas, including automotive, space and avionics. Nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS) switches have emerged as promising candidates for computing in harsh environment. Designing reliable memory specifically non-volatile memory is a major challenge for these computing systems. In this paper, we propose a novel non-volatile memory (NVM) design for reliable operation in extreme environment using NEMS structure. It exploits a common failure mode in these devices, namely stiction. Unlike traditional charge-based memories, it relies on the mechanical state of a NEMS switch as information carrier. We analyze device and circuit-level design issues to enable robust NVM array implementation with NEMS devices.
Inverse filtering criteria for CDMA systems

Linear blind CDMA receivers are derived using inverse filtering criteria. The receiver parameters are directly obtained without explicit estimation of the system/channel. Both synchronous and asynchronous cases are addressed, and multipath distortions are explicitly considered and compensated for. The approach is based on minimizing the receiver's output energy subject to appropriate constraints. Similar approaches have been used before in multiuser systems but without considering multipath distortions. Batch and adaptive blind algorithms are derived that are near-far resistant and do not require knowledge of the interfering users' codes. Global convergence is shown, optimality and performance issues are discussed, and some illustrative simulations are presented.
Influence of automotive damper asymmetry on the kinematic and dynamic responses, and optimal damper asymmetric parameters

This paper concerns the coupled effects of damper asymmetry, suspension kinematics and tyre lateral compliance on the kineto-dynamic response characteristics of a road vehicle subjected to idealised bump and pothole excitations. A quarter-car kineto-dynamic model of a road vehicle employing a double wishbone type of suspension with a strut comprising a linear spring and a two-stage asymmetric damper is formulated for the analyses. The dynamic responses to idealised bump and pothole are evaluated over a wide speed range in terms of sprung mass acceleration, suspension deflection and tyre force variations. The results revealed conflicting damper design requirements under idealised bump and pothole inputs. Optimal asymmetric damping properties are identified to realise minimal sprung mass acceleration with constrained suspension deflection under bump, pothole, and combined bump and pothole types of excitations. The optimal designs corresponding to bump and pothole excitations were found contradictory, while the solutions to combined bump and pothole excitations could yield important design guidance.
Intramuscular ketamine to facilitate pediatric central vascular access.

Objectives: Obtaining prompt vascular access in young children presenting to the emergency department (ED) is frequently both necessary and technically challenging. The objective of our study was to describe our experience using intramuscular (IM) ketamine to facilitate the placement of central venous catheters in children presenting to our ED needing vascular access in a timely fashion. Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of all pediatric patients <18 years of age who presented to our tertiary care pediatric ED between May 1, 1998, and August 7, 2003, and underwent the placement of a central venous catheter facilitated by the use of IM ketamine. Results: Eleven children met our inclusion criteria. Most of the children were young and medically complicated. The children ranged in age from 6 months to 8 years. The only complication identified was vomiting experienced by an 8-year-old boy. Emergency physicians successfully obtained central venous access in all subjects in the case series. Conclusions: The use of IM ketamine to facilitate the placement of central venous catheters in children who do not have peripheral venous access appears to be helpful. Emergency physicians may find it useful to be familiar with this use of IM ketamine.
Research on Work as a Calling: Introduction to the Special Issue

Research on work as a calling has increased substantially in the last 5 years within vocational psychology and related disciplines. This special issue brings together a diverse group of scholars wh...
A TaSi/sub 2/ masked and plasma etched self-aligned SOS FET

A self-aligned Ta silicide poly-silicon gate SOS junction field effect transistor is described. The active N-layer was formed by phosphorus ion implantation into high resistivity silicon on sapphire resulting in an electron density of about 5/spl times/10/sup 16//cm/sup 3/. Poly-silicon film was then deposited on SOS by CVD method at 700/spl deg/C. This film was undoped as deposited which was subsequently implanted with boron ion to form P/sup +/ layer. Ta silicide film with thickness of 2000 A was deposited on this P/sup +/ poly- silicon film by spattering. The major processes for fabricating the self-aligned gate JFET include the definition of the gate region followed by phosphorus implantation to from N/sup +/ contact to source and drain electrodes. The I-V characteristics of the junction FET so fabricated showed complete channel pinch-off with DC transconductance varying from 0.1 to 2.5 ms/mm gate width depending on the channel conductance.
The theory of photodynamic therapy dosimetry: consequences of photo-destruction of sensitizer.

Photodynamic dose is defined as the area under the curve of sensitizer level plotted as a function of light dose. This is a photochemical definition of dose. We will show that this definition is useful in predicting photobiological response. The photodestruction of sensitizer during photodynamic therapy is shown to result in an upper limit on the photodynamic dose which can be delivered by an unlimited light dose. This limit results in the opportunity to make total photodynamic dose uniform to considerable depths (one to two centimeters). The existence of thresholds for permanent tissue damage allows protection of normal tissue from the large light doses required to achieve this limiting dose deep in the tissue. Higher sensitizer levels in the tumor permit tumor destruction while the normal tissues are protected. A clinical trial to determine the proper level of injected dose necessary for these results is required. This theory of photodynamic therapy (PDT) dosimetry is tested in the DBA-SMT experimental mouse tumor system. Combinations of drug and light which are not reciprocal but are nearly equal by this theory are shown to give equivalent tumor control at seven days post treatment. Reciprocal combinations of drug and light fail to give equivalent results when they are selected using the theory to choose a combination where reciprocity should fail.
Role of Echocardiography in Aortic Stenosis

Aortic stenosis is a valve disorder that includes not only valve narrowing but also changes in the left ventricle and intracardiac hemodynamics. Older patients with aortic stenosis often have co-existing pathologic disorders, which influence the pathophysiology, symptom expression and prognosis. There is also increasing awareness that severe aortic stenosis could be associated with low transvalvular pressure gradient caused by a variety of mechanisms. Surgical and transcutaneous valve replacements are currently available interventions for patients with severe aortic stenosis. This article reviews the role of echocardiography in the comprehensive assessment of aortic stenosis, its severity and associated pathophysiologic abnormalities.
Multifactorial Competition and Resistance in a Two-Species Bacterial System.

Microorganisms exist almost exclusively in interactive multispecies communities, but genetic determinants of the fitness of interacting bacteria, and accessible adaptive pathways, remain uncharacterized. Here, using a two-species system, we studied the antagonism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Escherichia coli. Our unbiased genome-scale approach enabled us to identify multiple factors that explained the entire antagonism observed. We discovered both forms of ecological competition–sequestration of iron led to exploitative competition, while phenazine exposure engendered interference competition. We used laboratory evolution to discover adaptive evolutionary trajectories in our system. In the presence of P. aeruginosa toxins, E. coli populations showed parallel molecular evolution and adaptive convergence at the gene-level. The multiple resistance pathways discovered provide novel insights into mechanisms of toxin entry and activity. Our study reveals the molecular complexity of a simple two-species interaction, an important first-step in the application of systems biology to detailed molecular dissection of interactions within native microbiomes.
Initial results of a prospective clinical trial of 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in newly diagnosed invasive ductal and invasive lobular breast cancers

581 Objectives Fluorine-18-labeled 1-amino-3-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-Fluciclovine) is a leucine analog PET/CT radiotracer that depicts amino acid transport into cells. Amino acid transport proteins are upregulated in breast malignancies, so we hypothesized that 18F-Fluciclovine may provide a novel method of visualizing breast cancer and now report a prospective clinical trial of 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT in newly diagnosed advanced local invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC). Methods Twenty-seven women with a new diagnosis of locally advanced IDC (n = 19) or ILC (n = 8) underwent PET/CT of the chest after intravenous administration of 370 MBq (10 mCi) +/- 10% of 18F-Fluciclovine. The SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion avidity (TLA) were obtained for the primary breast tumor, axillary lymph nodes, and extra-axillary lymph nodes. Sites of previously unsuspected malignancy were recorded and confirmed by pathology. Results of 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT were compared with those of 18F-FDG PET/CT, when available, using the concordance correlation coefficient. Results All locally advanced breast cancers were 18F-Fluciclovine-avid. Of 21 patients with pathologically proven axillary nodal metastases, 18F-Fluciclovine-avid axillary nodes were seen in 20. 18F-Fluciclovine detected pathologically proven extra-axillary nodal metastases in 3 patients, including 2 previously unsuspected internal mammary nodes. Fourteen patients had 18F-FDG PET/CT for comparison with 18F-Fluciclovine. Concordance for MTV between 18F-Fluciclovine and 18F-FDG was strong (CCC: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.73-0.96), but concordance for SUVmax was weak (CCC: 0.04, 95% CI: -0.16-0.24). In patients with both modalities available (n = 14), primary ILCs (n = 4) demonstrated 18F-Fluciclovine avidity (median SUVmax: 6.1, range: 4.5-10.9) greater than 18F-FDG avidity (median SUVmax: 3.7, range: 1.8-6.0). Primary IDCs (n = 10) had a lower 18F-Fluciclovine avidity (median SUVmax: 6.8, range: 3.6-9.9) than 18F-FDG avidity (median SUVmax 10, range: 3.3-43.5). Conclusions 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT demonstrates potential for imaging of both IDC and ILC, including the detection of unsuspected extra-axillary nodal metastases. The low concordance for SUVmax between 18F-Fluciclovine and 18F-FDG suggests that these tracers measure different biologic phenomena within the tumor. The apparently higher uptake of 18F fluciclovine in ILC requires confirmation in a larger cohort. This study is supported by Susan G. Komen for the Cure Research Grant KG110441, MSKCC Biostatistics Core and Radiochemistry & Molecular Imaging Probe Cores (P30 CA008748), and the MSKCC Breast Cancer Research Fund.
Mixed Mode Interface Toughness Of Metal / Ceramic Joints

A mechanics study of the interface toughness of joints comprised of ceramic substrates joined by a thin ductile metal layer is carried out for arbitrary combinations of mode I and mode II loading. The crack lies on one of the metal/ceramic interfaces, and the mechanism of separation at the crack tip is assumed to be atomic decohesion. The SSV model proposed by Suo, Shih and Varias is invoked. This model employs a very narrow elastic strip imposed between the substrate and the ductile layer to model the expected higher hardness of material subject to high strain gradients and possible dislocation-free zone in the immediate vicinity of the crack tip. The criterion for crack advance is the requirement that energy release rate at the crack tip in this narrow elastic strip be the atomistic work of fracture. The contribution of plastic dissipation in the metal layer to the total work of fracture is computed as a function of the thickness and yield strength of the layer and of the relative amount of mode II to mode I. Ductile joints display exceptionally strong thickness and mixed mode dependencies.
Smartphone Based Chemical and Molecular Diagnostics

In this talk I will discuss our recent work the development of smartphone based tools for molecular and chemical diagnostics. Applications ranging from diet monitoring devices to cancer screening will be discussed. Article not available.
Effect of acid adaptation and acid shock on thermal tolerance and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and O111 in apple juice.

Gradual exposure to moderate acidic environments may enhance the thermal tolerance and survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in acid and acidified foods. Limited studies comparing methodologies to induce this phenomenon have been performed. The effects of strain and physiological state on thermal tolerance and survival of E. coli in apple juice were studied. The decimal reduction time (D-value) at 56°C [D56°C] was determined for E. coli O157:H7 strains C7927 and ATCC 43895 and E. coli O111 at four physiological states: unadapted, acid-shocked (two methodologies used), and acid-adapted cells. The effect of acidulant was also evaluated by determining the D56°C for the O157:H7 strains subjected to acid shock during 18 h in Trypticase soy broth (TSB), with pH 5 adjusted with hydrochloric, lactic, and malic acids. Survival of the three strains at four physiological states was determined at 1 ± 1°C and 24 + 2°C. Experiments were performed in triplicate. For thermal inactivation, a significant interaction was fou...
Advanced SiGe BiCMOS Technology for Multi-Mrad Electronic Systems

The total ionizing dose response of both CMOS transistors and SiGe HBTs implemented without utilizing any radiation hardening by design techniques in Jazz Semiconductor's SBC-18-HXL BiCMOS technology platform is evaluated. The SiGe HBTs remain functional up to the 6 Mrad (SiO 2 ) dose levels needed to support multi-Mrad exploration missions such as NASA's Europa mission. The CMOS devices are also functional to this extreme total dose. The nFETs exhibit significantly reduced shallow trench isolation leakage compared with nFETs implemented in prior SiGe BiCMOS processes. Both nFETs and pFETs show negligible transconductance and on-current degradation. We conclude that this SiGe process technology is a potential candidate for implementing reliable and survivable multi-Mrad total ionizing dose-hard electronic systems.
Production of antibodies to papovavirus SV40 tumor antigen in African green monkeys.

SummaryAfrican green monkeys repeatedly inoculated with intact simian cells infected with simian papovavirus SV40 or with disrupted infected cells developed complement-fixing antibodies capable of reacting with the virus tumor and virus capsid antigens. The antibody against the tumor antigen appeared first and titers could be maintained or increased by reimmunization of the animals. In addition, virus-neutralizing antibodies were detected. These results demonstrate that antibody against the tumor antigen of the simian papovavirus, an antibody with the same specificity as that which appears in tumor-bearing hamsters, can be elicited in primates in the absence of detectable tumors.
Comment on "Testing Planck-Scale Gravity with Accelerators".

We challenge the analysis and conclusions of the paper Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 141103 (2012) by V. Gharibyan on the tests of Planck-scale gravity with accelerators. The main objective of the Comment is the observation that the explored domain of "quantum gravity" parameters is already ruled out experimentally from, e.g., absence of the vacuum Cherenkov radiation.
Palliative therapy: Extensive small cell lung cancer

During the past two decades advances have been made in the systemic treatment of small cell lung cancer. Chemotherapy will produce objective responses in the majority of patients, yet few patients with extensive disease have prolonged survival. Combination regimens like cyclophosphamide/doxorubicin/vincristine, cisplatin/etoposide, and cisplatin/etoposide/ifosfamide have produced objective responses in 55% to 65% of patients. Recent clinical trials with single-agent chemotherapy suggest median lengths of survival that appear comparable to that obtained with combination therapy. Such approaches may be appropriate for elderly patients and will be evaluated in a prospective randomized trial. Ultimately, to provide the maximum palliative benefit for patients with extensive small cell lung cancer, the therapeutic benefit must be balanced against the costs of treatment (physical, psychological, and financial).
Multiscale modeling and run-to-run control of PECVD of thin film solar cells

Abstract In this work, we focus on the development of a multiscale modeling and run-to-run control framework with the purpose of improving thin film product quality in a batch-to-batch plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) manufacturing process. Specifically, at the macroscopic scale, gas-phase reaction and transport phenomena yield deposition rate profiles across the wafer surface which are then provided to the microscopic domain simulator in which the complex microscopic surface interactions that lead to film growth are described using a hybrid kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm. Batch-to-batch variability has prompted the development of an additional simulation layer in which an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) control algorithm operates between serial batch deposition sequences to adjust the operating temperature of the PECVD reactor to overcome drift in the electron density of the plasma. Application of the run-to-run (R2R) control system developed here is shown to reduce offset in the product thickness from 5% to less than 1% within 10 batches of reactor operation. Finally, we propose an extension of the EWMA algorithm to four independent, radial wafer zones in order to improve thickness uniformity in the presence of spatially non-uniform species concentrations. It is demonstrated that the produced thin films can be driven to the desired thickness set-point of 300 nm in less than 10 batches in the presence of both electron density drift and non-uniform deposition rate profiles.
Laparoscopic Spleen-Preserving Total Pancreatectomy for a Main-Duct Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm.

Introduction Main-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms of the pancreas (M-IPMN) are potentially malignant cystic neoplasms that can degenerate into invasive malignancy in 43 % of cases.1 Although laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatectomy have been previously described for the management of pancreatic neoplasms, laparoscopic total pancreatectomy is rarely described. We present a video demonstrating a laparoscopic spleen-preserving total pancreatectomy in a patient with M-IPMN.
Hispanic Faces: An Exploratory Study of How University-Level Spanish Language Instruction Impacts Perceptions of Hispanics.

Immigration and globalization have dramatically changed the ethnic landscape of the United States, yet stereotypes about race continue to exist. Foreign language classrooms are at the heart of teac...
Resurgent Ideas as Paradigms Regained in the History of Geology

A modified Kuhnian framework of nested and overlapping scientific communities sharing a four-component disciplinary matrix (a paradigm) allows exploration of the history of resurgent ideas in geolo...
Fungal Sex: The Ascomycota.

There are ∼64,000 known species within the Ascomycota, making it the largest phylum of Fungi. Major subphyla include the Taphrinomycotina (e.g., Schizosaccharomyces pombe), the Saccharomycotina (including Candida and Saccharomyces clades), and the Pezizomycotina (the largest subphylum, which includes the Eurotiomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, and Leotiomycetes) (see Fig. 1 ). Most Saccharomycotina grow as budding yeast or are dimorphic (can grow as yeast or filaments), whereas most Pezizomycotina are predominantly filamentous, although some are also dimorphic.
Choriocapillaris Nonperfusion is Associated With Poor Visual Acuity in Eyes With Reticular Pseudodrusen.

Purpose To study choriocapillaris blood flow in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and study its correlation to visual acuity (VA) in eyes with reticular pseudodrusen (RPD) vs those with drusen without RPD (drusen). Design Cross-sectional study. Methods Patients with either drusen or RPD in early AMD underwent OCTA imaging of the superior, inferior, and/or nasal macula. We quantified "percent choriocapillaris area of nonperfusion" (PCAN) in eyes with RPD vs those with drusen. We assessed the repeatability of PCAN and its correlations with VA. Results Twenty-nine eyes of 26 patients with RPD and 21 eyes of 16 age-matched AMD patients with drusen were included. Qualitatively, the choriocapillaris in areas with RPD showed focal dark regions without flow signal on OCTA (nonperfusion). The repeatability coefficient of PCAN was 0.49%. Eyes with RPD had significantly greater PCAN compared with eyes with drusen (7.31% and 3.88%, respectively; P P = .005). When considering eyes with RPD separately, this correlation was stronger (r = 0.474, P = .009) but lost significance when considering eyes with drusen separately (r = 0.175, P = .45). Conclusions Eyes with RPD have significantly larger areas of choriocapillaris nonperfusion compared with eyes with drusen and no RPD. The correlation between PCAN and VA in this RPD population provides a potential mechanistic explanation for vision compromise in RPD compared with other forms of drusen in AMD.
The Invisible Heart: Economics and Family Values

(2002). The Invisible Heart: Economics and Family Values. Journal of Economic Issues: Vol. 36, No. 1, pp. 220-221.
Common gram-negative bacilli lower respiratory tract infection in PICU: analysis of pathogens and drug resistant pattern from 2004 to 2009

Objective To study common Gram negative bacterial pathogens and their drug resistant pattern in sputum isolates from patients in pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Chengdu children' s hospital. Methods Comparing to the period of 2004-2006 with 2007-2009, we retrospectively reviewed eligible sputum isolates of common Gram negative bacilli and their drug resistance pattern. All specimens were processed according to standard microbiological methods for both quantitative and qualitative cultures. Pathogen was the single predominant growth after two consecutive cultures. Strict quality control was used in all test agents and paper disk for drug resistance analysis. Results Total of 598 Gram negative bacterial isolates were identified in patients over 6 years. The first 5 bacteria respectively were Escherichia coli 167 samples(27.93%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 109 samples ( 18.23% ), Enterobacter cloacae 93 samples ( 15.55% ),Acinetobacter baumannii 64 samples ( 10. 7% ), Pseudomonas aeroginosa 43 samples (7. 19% ). They were mostly sensitive to Imipenam, Amikacin, Piperacillin/Tazobactam. Most drug resistance rate was found in Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cephalosporin. Apart from Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Acinetobacter Baumannii,no Gram negative bacteria was found to be resistant to Imipenam. Klebsiella pneumoniae and ESBL secreting Escherichia coli isolates were obviously increasing when compared to 3 years ago. Conclusion Comparing the period of 2004-2006, the Gram negative bacterial isolates were increasing in our PICU patients during 2007 to 2009. Close monitoring of drug resistance pattern changes in PICU would guide rational use of antibiotics in these critically ill children. Key words: Pediatric intensive care unit; Gram negative bacilli; Sputum; Drug resistance
Lagrangian embeddings and critical point theory

Abstract We derive a lower bound for the number of intersection points of an exact Lagrangian embedding of a compact manifold into its cotangent bundle with the zero section. To do this the intersection problem is converted into the problem of finding solutions of a Hamiltonian system satisfying canonical boundary conditions. The dynamical problem is then solved by global variational methods on a Hilbert manifold.
Aqueous systems at high temperature—XII: The compound NiO·3UO3

A double oxide of UO/sub 3/ and NiO was synthesized at 300 deg C in the systems UO/sub 3/--NiO--SO/sub 3/--H/sub 2/O and UO/sub 3/--NiO--N/sub 2/ O/sub 5/ H/sub 2/O. The most probable composition for this new compound is shown to be NiO-3UO/sub 3/. It was observed to be thermally stable to somewhat above 900 deg C. The method of preparation, analysis, and some characterization of the compound are given. (auth)
Nonparametric Performance Evaluation with Multiple Constituencies

Abstract We extend the familiar notion in DEA to the case when the assessment of some attributes' desirability is a matter of judgment depending on the constituency. The generalization we present consists of treating the attributes of the entities in the study as potentially desirable and undesirable. An application of this extension is in manufacturing where, a particular process or product attribute may be considered desirable by some constituencies and undesirable by others. The new procedure describes how to ascertain what constituency would find which units efficient and inefficient using standard nonparametric efficient frontier criteria.
Intergenerational Rights and the Problem of Cross-Temporal Relations

This paper considers the prospects for a theory of intergenerational rights in light of certain ontologies of time. It is argued that the attempt to attribute rights to future persons or obligations to present persons towards future persons, faces serious difficulties if the existence of the future is denied (a position I call ‘No-Futurism’). The difficulty of attributing rights to non-existent future persons is diagnosed as a particularly intractable version of the ‘problem of cross-temporal relations’ that plagues No-Futurist views like presentism. I develop a version of the problem of cross-temporal relations regarding cross-temporal normative relations. I then consider and reject various solutions to the problem available to No-Futurists. The upshot of the discussion is that which ontology of time we choose sets constraints on the kinds of explanations we may offer for our future-directed obligations.
Unburied Hatchet: The Creek Struggle for Neutrality During the American Revolution

British General Archibald Campbell could not have been happy. Besieged on all sides in the South by Patriot and Spanish forces, he mustered little support from his native allies, the Creek Indians. When he engaged his enemy, few Creeks were present for battle. With the American Revolution rapidly drawing to a close, Campbell experienced the ambivalence of the Creek nation in late 1781. This was especially frustrating and disappointing for British goals of keeping at least the southernmost colonies. That England was not able to ever fully recruit what James Adair referred to as "the most powerful Indian nation we are acquainted with on this continent" may have lost them South Carolina, Georgia, and East and West Florida. As John Alden later wrote, "It was a happy circumstance for the Southern states, suffering as they did from Cherokee onslaughts that the belligerent Creeks never threw their full weight into the war on the Southern frontier." 1