cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Processing element design for programmable video signal processors

This paper focusses on the architectural design of programmable processing elements (PEs) and shows how technology and circuit parameters influence the structure of the datapath and hence the overall architecture of a programmable video signal processor. We emphasize the need to consider technological and circuit-level issues during the design of a system architecture and present a design methodology whereby the conceptual organization of the PEs-the number of PEs, the pipelining of the datapath, the size of the register file, and the number of register ports-can be evaluated in terms of a target application before a detailed design is undertaken. Motion estimation being an important task in video processing, we use motion estimation as an example to illustrate how various technology parameters affect the architectural design choices.
Science in the city: the London Institution, 1819-40.

In the first half of the nineteenth century the largest and wealthiest ‘popular’ scientific establishment in London was the London Institution, founded by a group of prominent City men in 1805. During most of its early years this Institution had over 900 members; within a year of its foundation it had accumulated funds of £76,000, which dwarfed those possessed by any similar body in this period; by 1819 it had erected an imposing building in Finsbury Circus, a structure with a splendid library, a lecture theatre, and provision for laboratories, as well as meeting rooms. In that theatre eminent men of science and literature delivered lectures; by the 1840s William Robert Grove, then in the midst of his scientific career, was installed as ‘Professor of Experimental Philosophy in the London Institution’.
A 15-GHz single-pole double-throw annular MOSFET switch for space application

A high isolation 15-GHz radiation tolerant SPDT (single-pole double-throw) annular MOSFET switch, for space application, was designed and integrated in a SiGe BiCMOS process. Schwartz-Christoffel transformation, based on conformal mapping, and parasitic capacitance extraction methods were utilized to derive the equivalent circuit model of the octagonal annular MOSFET, which has demonstrated improved total dose radiation tolerance in CMOS circuits. The designed switch achieves 40.5-dB isolation at 15-GHz
Evaluation of internal noise methods for Hotelling observers

Including internal noise in computer model observers to degrade model observer performance to human levels is a common method to allow for quantitatively comparisons of human and model performance. In this paper, we studied two different types of methods for injecting internal noise to Hotelling model observers. The first method adds internal noise to the output of the individual channels: a) Independent non-uniform channel noise, b) Independent uniform channel noise. The second method adds internal noise to the decision variable arising from the combination of channel responses: a) internal noise standard deviation proportional to decision variable's standard deviation due to the external noise, b) internal noise standard deviation proportional to decision variable's variance caused by the external noise. We tested the square window Hotelling observer (HO), channelized Hotelling observer (CHO), and Laguerre-Gauss Hotelling observer (LGHO). The studied task was detection of a filling defect of varying size/shape in one of four simulated arterial segment locations with real x-ray angiography backgrounds. Results show that the internal noise method that leads to the best prediction of human performance differs across the studied models observers. The CHO model best predicts human observer performance with the channel internal noise. The HO and LGHO best predict human observer performance with the decision variable internal noise. These results might help explain why previous studies have found different results on the ability of each Hotelling model to predict human performance. Finally, the present results might guide researchers with the choice of method to include internal noise into their Hotelling models.
Effects of Time Delay on Depth Perception via Head-Motion Parallax in Virtual Environment Systems

Experiments were conducted to determine how the ability to detect and discriminate head-motion parallax depth cues is degraded by time delays between head movement and image update. The stimuli consisted of random-dot patterns that were programmed to appear as one cycle of a sinusoi dal grating when the subject's head moved. The results show that time delay between head movement and image update has essentially no effect on the ability to discrimi nate between two such gratings with different depth char acteristics when the delay is less than or equal to roughly 265 ms.
Assessment of a Cohort of Primarily Pediatric Patients with a Presumptive Diagnosis of Type 1 von Willebrand Disease with a Novel High Shear Rate, Non-citrated Blood Flow Device

Abstract Background A precise approach to the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease (vWD) remains elusive. One important reason is that vWD is a blood flow‐related disorder: a vW Factor‐platelet GPIb binding defect exists in this condition under the high shear‐rate (> 1000 sec‐1 in whole blood; > 3000 sec‐1 in PRP) conditions of physiologic blood flow which exist in the arterioles of mucous membranes, from which most bleeding in vWD occurs. Methods We therefore studied 28 patients (mean 18.9 yrs) with vWD, diagnosed according to the 2007 NHLBI clinical guidelines, and 26 healthy controls (mean 17.5 yrs). Blood was collected into a plastic tube containing 4 U/ml FC dalteparin, 1.75 μg/ml of the Tab (anti‐CD41) monoclonal antibody directed against platelet GPIIb, and 1.0 μg/ml of an ALEXA 555‐conjugated rabbit anti‐mouse second antibody. Within 30–90 min, the blood was then withdrawn at 667 and 1330 sec− 1 through a special flow chamber allowing for real-time epifluorescence digital videomicroscopy of platelets interacting with a microfibrillar collagen substrate. With MetaMorph software (Universal Imaging) we quantified the percent area (PA) covered by and total volume (TV) of adherent platelet aggregates within a 435 μm × 580 μm field of view. Results At 667 sec− 1 after 1 min PA and TV were similar for patients and controls, but at 1330 sec− 1 PA was 9.32 ± 4.21 (mean ± SD) for patients, a value lower (p Conclusions The novel flow device found that PA and TV were significantly reduced under high shear stress in vWD patients compared to normal controls. However, there was some overlap between the vWD and the control group, suggesting that some vWD patients had normal platelet adhesion/aggregation under the conditions studied. Further study with a higher shear rate appears indicated.
A Theory-Mindedness Approach: Eliminating the Need for a Gap in Baccalaureate Education

Social work educators have been grappling for years with the continually challenging notion of the “integration of theory and practice” and the converse concept, the “gap between theory and practice.” This article posits the utility of a theory-mindedness approach to learning and practice as an alternative conceptualization that attenuates the need to focus resources on the “gap” and how to close or narrow it. An innovative classroom-based approach designed to facilitate the development of theory-mindedness among three cohorts of undergraduate social work majors poised to begin their senior field practicum year is described. The impetus for and background of the project are discussed, along with a description of the model for facilitating the development of theory-mindedness. Preliminary data designed to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the approach are provided.
Goals of care are important for older adults with severe illness and their families, and are infrequently addressed by health professionals

Commentary on: You JJ, Dodek P, Lamontagne F, et al , ACCEPT Study Team and the Canadian Researchers at the End of Life Network (CARENET). What really matters in end-of-life discussions? Perspectives of patients in hospital with serious illness and their families. CMAJ 2014;186:E679–87.
Muscle-Strengthening and Conditioning Activities and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study in Two Cohorts of US Women

Background It is well established that aerobic physical activity can lower the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but whether muscle-strengthening activities are beneficial for the prevention of T2D is unclear. This study examined the association of muscle-strengthening activities with the risk of T2D in women.
Commonsense and Fuzzy Logic

Implicit in the fuzzy-logic-based approach to commonsense knowledge representation is the thesis that conventional logical systems do not provide an appropriate framework for representing and inferring from commonsense knowledge.
Thenar Intramuscular Lipoma: A Case Report

Lipomas are one of the most common benign, mesenchymal neoplasms. They may be superficial or deep. Deep soft tissue lipomas of the hand are rare. Among them thenar intramuscular lipomas are very rare. We describe an unusual case of thenar intramuscular lipoma with its clinical and imaging characteristics. J Med Cases. 2013;4(10):676-678 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.4021/jmc1474w
“Between the Refrigerator and the Wildfire”: Aimee Semple McPherson, Pentecostalism, and the Fundamentalist-Modernist Controversy

Early one Canadian winter morning in 1908, a teenage girl knelt to pray, pleading with God to grant her the “baptism of the Holy Spirit.” Soon her petition was answered. Her body began to tremble, she slipped to the ground, and out of her lips escaped murmurs in unknown tongues. The next day, during Sunday services at a little pentecostal mission, the teenager again quaked on the floor while jabbering strange syllables. A parishioner was so shocked that he telephoned the girl's parents and implored them to retrieve the way-ward adolescent immediately. When the young woman learned that her mother was en route, panic engulfed her. How could she make her parents understand? Would they forbid her from worshipping with pentecostals?
Six-Degree-of-Freedom Sensor Fish Design and Instrumentation

Fish passing through dams may be injured or killed despite advances in turbinedesign, project operations and other fish bypass systems. The six-degree-of-freedom (6DOF)Sensor Fish device is an autonomous sensor package that characterizes the physical conditionsand physical stresses to which fish are exposed when they pass through complex hydraulicenvironments. It has been used to identify the locations and operations where conditions aresevere enough to injure or kill fish. During the design process, a set of governing equationsof motion for the Sensor Fish was derived and simulated to understand the design implica-tions of instrument selection and placement within the body of the device. The Sensor Fishpackage includes three rotation sensors, three acceleration sensors, a pressure sensor, and atemperature sensor with a sampling frequency of 2,000 Hz. Its housing is constructed of clearpolycarbonate plastic. It is 24.5 mm in diameter and 90 mm in length and weighs about 43 g,similar to the size and density of a yearling salmon smolt. The accuracy of the pressure sensorwas determined to be within 0.2 psi. In laboratory acceptance tests, the relative errors of boththe linear acceleration and angular velocity measurements were determined to be less than5%. An exposure is defined as a significant event when the acceleration reaches predefinedthresholds. Based on the different characteristic of acceleration and rotation velocities, theexposure event is categorized as either a collision between the Sensor Fish and a solid struc-ture or shear caused by turbulence. Since its development in 2005, the 6DOF Sensor Fish hasbeen deployed successfully at many major dams in the United States.
Direct recovery of motion and range from images of scenes with time-varying illumination

We present a direct closed-form solution for estimating 3D depth and translational motion of a camera from image sequences where the scene illumination can vary from one frame to the next. The method is based on a dynamic image model that we proposed previously for the computation of optical flow. We use only selected moments of the image and its spatio-temporal derivatives in small image regions to calculate the solution. The direct solution for selected experiments with real images are given, and compared with that from the computed optical flow, to show that the former typically gives better estimates than the flow-based approach even though both techniques are based on the same dynamic image model. In particular, the direct solution is more robust with respect to motion sizes of more than one pixel per frame.
The Report of the U.S. Commission on Ocean Policy: State Perspectives

In its final report, An Ocean Blueprint for the 21st Century, the U.S.Commission on Ocean Policy, created by the Oceans Act of 2000, strongly endorsed regional scale, ecosystem-based management of coastal/ocean areas. To advance such an approach the Commission made numerous recommendations, including suggestions for both structural change in government and also for change in policy. As mandated by Congress, the process leading to the ultimate issuance of the Commission's final report specifically allowed for state governors to comment on a preliminary version of that report. The Commission was then to take those comments into account before issuing its final report. Thus, state governors were given a rare opportunity to indicate their preferences and concerns on the totality of U.S. coastal/ocean governance efforts. It is clear that implementation of the Commission's recommendations will require political support from the states, both in terms of encouraging the Administration and Congress to adopt change...
Analysis of an incentives-based secrets protection system

Once electronic content has been released it is very difficult to prevent copies of the content from being widely distributed. Such distribution can cause economic harm to the content's copyright owner and others. Our protocol, SPIES, allows one party to sell a secret to second party and provides an economic incentive for two parties to limit sharing of a secret between themselves. We do not use watermarking or traditional DRM mechanisms. We focus on content which is to be shared between two parties only, which is valuable, and which only needs to be protected for a limited amount of time. Examples include passwords to a subscription service, pre-release of media for review, or content shared but bound by a non disclosure agreement. With SPIES, any possesor of the content can receive a portion of the funds placed in escrow by the two legitimate possesors. We analyze this system and show that the best strategy of the content provider and content consumer to maximize their utility is to use SPIES and not share the content further. We deal successfully with a "dummy registration" attack in which multiple false identities are used in an attempt to get a higher payment. We also discuss how to determine the correct escrow amount.
CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte activation in HIV infection. Implications for immune pathogenesis and therapy

Studies initiated some 30 years ago by Dr. Howard Temin demonstrated that the state of host cell activation at the time of retroviral infection influences greatly reverse transcription and viral expression (1). Similarly, helper/inducer (CD4+) and cytolytic (CD4+ and CD8+) T lymphocyte activation plays a crucial role in the life-cycle of HIV. Indeed, HIV has adopted a transcriptional strategy resembling that used by certain cellular genes that regulate T cell signalling and growth (2), as modulated by viral cis and trans-acting elements. This enables HIV to establish a persistent infection in T cells from which replication competent virus may be induced through a variety of pathways. Similarly, macrophage-tropic virus, thought responsible for initial infections in humans, establishes a reservoir in monocytes which is susceptible to differentiation and activation signals (3). Such chronicity in either cell lineage may not represent true molecular latency, with absent expression of viral transcripts and protein. Yet latency and viral persistence both involve two essential elements: initial restriction at the level of proviral transcription or initiation, regulated at HIV’s long terminal repeat (LTR) and, perhaps, through intragenic enhancers (4); and a second level of control, with the fate of initiated transcripts dependent upon the viral regulatory elements tat and rev (5). It is also significant that viral replication can be dissociated from cellular growth, with both proliferative and non-mitogenic T cell activation signals sufficient to induce HIV transcription (6). The extraordinarily high turnover of HIV viruses (109/day) and rapid death of productively HIV-infected (t1/2 = 2-15 days) in the periphery vs. lymph node also attests to the complex regulatory control of HIV replication(7).
Pancreatic cancer and diabetes: Is diabetes a risk factor or the outcome?

15123 Background: Though pancreatic cancer ranks eighth among all major forms of cancer related deaths, it accounts for only 3% of all cancers worldwide. Diabetes mellitus type 2 and pancreatic can...
Persistent glucose production and greater peripheral sensitivity to insulin in the neonate vs. the adult.

Insulin resistance has been reported to partially explain the clinical appearance of neonatal hyperglycemia. To determine the relative resistance to insulin of glucose production vs. glucose utilization, the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique was employed for the first time in the human neonate and was combined with stable isotopic determination of glucose production and glucose utilization. The basal rates of glucose production and glucose utilization were determined, after which each neonate was clamped at his or her own euglycemic glucose concentration while receiving regular human insulin at one rate of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, or 4.0 mU. kg-1.min-1. Persistent glucose production (> or = 1 mg.kg-1.min-1) during the clamp was recorded for all groups. A significant increase in the glucose infusion rate (P < 0.001) and in percent glucose utilization (P < 0.01) occurred in the 2.0 and 4.0 mU.kg-1.min-1 insulin groups. Metabolic clearance rate of insulin was significantly greater in the neonate compared with the adult at the 2.0 mU.kg-1.min-1 insulin infusion rate (P = 0.036). Our results indicate that, in contrast to the adult, the neonate has persistent glucose production (P = 0.001) and greater peripheral sensitivity to insulin (P = 0.015).
Predicting the Mechanical Properties of Organic Semiconductors Using Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics Simulations

The ability to predict the mechanical properties of organic semiconductors is of critical importance for roll-to-roll production and thermomechanical reliability of organic electronic devices. Here, we describe the use of coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations to predict the density, tensile modulus, Poisson ratio, and glass transition temperature for poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and its blend with C60. In particular, we show that the resolution of the coarse-grained model has a strong effect on the predicted properties. We find that a one-site model, in which each 3-hexylthiophene unit is represented by one coarse-grained bead, predicts significantly inaccurate values of density and tensile modulus. In contrast, a three-site model, with one coarse-grained bead for the thiophene ring and two for the hexyl chain, predicts values that are very close to experimental measurements (density = 0.955 g cm–3, tensile modulus = 1.23 GPa, Poisson ratio = 0.35, and glass transition temperature = 290 K). The m...
Large-volume flux closure during plasmoid-mediated reconnection in coaxial helicity injection

A large-volume flux closure during transient coaxial helicity injection (CHI) in NSTX-U is demonstrated through resistive magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulations. Several major improvements, including the improved positioning of the divertor poloidal field coils, are projected to improve the CHI start-up phase in NSTX-U. Simulations in the NSTX-U configuration with constant in time coil currents show that with strong flux shaping the injected open field lines (injector flux) rapidly reconnect and form large volume of closed flux surfaces. This is achieved by driving parallel current in the injector flux coil and oppositely directed currents in the flux shaping coils to form a narrow injector flux footprint and push the injector flux into the vessel. As the helicity and plasma are injected into the device, the oppositely directed field lines in the injector region are forced to reconnect through a local Sweet-Parker type reconnection, or to spontaneously reconnect when the elongated current sheet becomes MHD unstable to form plasmoids. In these simulations for the first time, it is found that the closed flux is over 70% of the initial injector flux used to initiate the discharge. Furthermore, these results could work well for the application of transient CHI in devices that employ supermore » conducting coils to generate and sustain the plasma equilibrium.« less
Epidemic Characteristics of HFMD in Shenhe District of Shenyang City during 2009-2010

[Objective]To understand the epidemic characteristics of hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD) in Shenhe District of Shenyang City,and provide evidence for developing control measures. [Methods]The descriptive epidemiology was adopted for the analysis of HFMD epidemic in Shenhe District. [Results]The annual report incidence of HFMD was 86.67/100 000 during 2009-2010,the difference between years was significant(P0.01);that of male and female was 102.37/100 000 and 71.05/100 000,respectively(P0.01),the ratio of male to female was 1.43∶1;59.09% had EV71 virus infection;81.65% occurred in June to September,with peak incidence in summer.The kindergarten children,scattered children occupied 48.21% and 46.41% of total cases;92.25% were children aged 0~5 years,64.60% aged 2~4 years,with high incidence of infant. [Conclusion]This district should implement various infectious disease prevention and control measures in child-care institutions,especially morning check and disinfection and isolation,complete health promotion and health education,develop a good health habits,do well in epidemic dynamic monitoring,timely discovery high-risk situation and make warning,carry out the emergency response to effective control the epidemic spread.
Segmentally Alternating Series

AbstractWe consider real series composed of segments having terms of mixed sign and obtain results generalizing the alternating series theorem. We apply this to prove a result on integration of a s...
Generation of microjoule 65-fsec pulses at high-repetition rate

Many significant advances have been made recently in the generation and amplifiction of ultrashort optical pulses. Control of the oscillator dispersion and phase modulation has proven useful in improving the pulse width and pulse stability of ultrashort pulse dye lasers.1 The additional bandwidth provided by self-phase modulation (SPM) in optical fibers has enabled the generation of ultrashort pulses by pulse compression.2 Finally, new amplifier systems have been developed which allow the amplification of femtosecond pulses to the microjoule level at kilohertz repetition rates.3,4 In this paper we report the generation of 65-fsec microjoule pulses at a high repetition rate using an actively mode-locked Nd:YAF-based system.
Transmission diamond imaging detector

Many modern synchrotron techniques are trending toward use of high flux beams and/or beams which require enhanced stability and precise understanding of beam position and intensity from the front end of the beamline all the way to the sample. For high flux beams, major challenges include heat load management in optics (including the vacuum windows) and a mechanism of real-time volumetric measurement of beam properties such as flux, position, and morphology. For beam stability in these environments, feedback from such measurements directly to control systems for optical elements or to sample positioning stages would be invaluable. To address these challenges, we are developing diamond-based instrumented vacuum windows with integrated volumetric x-ray intensity, beam profile and beam-position monitoring capabilities. A 50 µm thick single crystal diamond has been lithographically patterned to produce 60 µm pixels, creating a >1kilopixel free-standing transmission imaging detector. This device, coupled with a...
Intramedullary Schwannoma Associated with Neurofibromatosis

The neurofibromatoses are genetic disorders that cause tumors to grow in the nervous system. The tumors begin in the supporting cells that make up the nerves and the myelin sheath--the thin membrane that envelops and protects the nerves. These disorders cause tumors to grow on nerves and produce other abnormalities such as skin changes and bone deformities.
Super-multiplex vibrational imaging

The ability to visualize directly a large number of distinct molecular species inside cells is increasingly essential for understanding complex systems and processes. Even though existing methods have successfully been used to explore structure–function relationships in nervous systems, to profile RNA in situ, to reveal the heterogeneity of tumour microenvironments and to study dynamic macromolecular assembly, it remains challenging to image many species with high selectivity and sensitivity under biological conditions. For instance, fluorescence microscopy faces a ‘colour barrier’, owing to the intrinsically broad (about 1,500 inverse centimetres) and featureless nature of fluorescence spectra that limits the number of resolvable colours to two to five (or seven to nine if using complicated instrumentation and analysis). Spontaneous Raman microscopy probes vibrational transitions with much narrower resonances (peak width of about 10 inverse centimetres) and so does not suffer from this problem, but weak signals make many bio-imaging applications impossible. Although surface-enhanced Raman scattering offers high sensitivity and multiplicity, it cannot be readily used to image specific molecular targets quantitatively inside live cells. Here we use stimulated Raman scattering under electronic pre-resonance conditions to image target molecules inside living cells with very high vibrational selectivity and sensitivity (down to 250 nanomolar with a time constant of 1 millisecond). We create a palette of triple-bond-conjugated near-infrared dyes that each displays a single peak in the cell-silent Raman spectral window; when combined with available fluorescent probes, this palette provides 24 resolvable colours, with the potential for further expansion. Proof-of-principle experiments on neuronal co-cultures and brain tissues reveal cell-type-dependent heterogeneities in DNA and protein metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions, underscoring the potential of this 24-colour (super-multiplex) optical imaging approach for elucidating intricate interactions in complex biological systems.
Survivable fiber-based data links for satellite radiation environments

We review radiation effects in components and subsystems for fiber based satellite data bus architectures. These busses are designed for telemetry and command as well as payload applications spanning data rates from Mbps to Gbps. Issues include total ionizing dose to fibers resulting in increased attenuation, total dose and displacement damage in optoelectronic sources and detectors, and single particle transient effects in optoelectronic components. In each case we review component selection criteria and develop quantitative treatments based on experimental data to demonstrate how survivable data busses can be implemented even in severe orbits. We conclude that the many advantages of fiber based data links and busses will soon be made available for emerging satellite requirements to transmit data reliably at rates from a few Kbps into the Gbps regime.
The landscape of transcription errors in eukaryotic cells

Accurate transcription is required for the faithful expression of genetic information. To understand the molecular mechanisms that control the fidelity of transcription, we used novel sequencing technology to provide the first comprehensive analysis of the fidelity of transcription in eukaryotic cells. Our results demonstrate that transcription errors can occur in any gene, at any location, and affect every aspect of protein structure and function. In addition, we show that multiple proteins safeguard the fidelity of transcription and provide evidence suggesting that errors that evade these layers of RNA quality control profoundly affect the physiology of living cells. Together, these observations demonstrate that there is an inherent limit to the faithful expression of the genome and suggest that the impact of mutagenesis on cellular health and fitness is substantially greater than currently appreciated.
Epidural Emphysema After Placement of a Thoracic Epidural Catheter

Epidural emphysema, a rare phenomenon, refers to the presence of air within the epidural space. Although usually considered benign when an isolated finding, epidural emphysema also may be a sign of a complicated and malignant disease process. There are many routes for air entry into the epidural space; one common route is during epidural placement for anesthesia with the loss of resistance to air technique. Most patients are asymptomatic, with no additional management indicated. In severe cases with neurological compromise, surgical decompression is required. Elevated inspired oxygen concentration and hyperbaric oxygen increase the resorption of air (Overdiek et al., J Clin Anesth 13:392–7, 2001).
Guiding Supervised Learning by Bio-Ontologies in Medical Data Analysis

Ontologies are popular way of representing knowledge and semantics of data in medical and health fields. Surprisingly, few machine learning methods allow for encoding semantics of data and even fewer allow for using ontologies to guide learning process. This paper discusses the use of data semantics and ontologies in health and medical applications of supervised learning, and particularly describes how the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is used within AQ21 rule learning software. Presented concepts are illustrated using two applications based on distinctly different types of data and methodological issues.
Chapter 19 – Method for the Determination of Benzene Insolubles, Asphaltenes, and Oils in Coal-Derived Liquids

The details are presented of the method used for the solvent analysis of coal-derived liquids. The method is used to determine the benzene insoluble (unreacted or partially reacted coal), the benzene soluble-pentane insoluble (asphaltenes), and the benzene soluble-pentane soluble (oils) fractions of coal-derived liquids. Since the procedure described uses benzene and n-pentane as solvents to analyze coal-derived liquids, safety precautions must be observed carefully. Strict adherence to the described procedure is necessary to insure that the conditions of solvent treatment are uniform and to obtain the desired degree of precision.
Obtaining rapid and effective hemostasis: Part II. Electrosurgery in patients with implantable cardiac devices

Electrosurgery is an integral part of dermatology that is commonly used both to obtain hemostasis and to treat cutaneous lesions. However, it can cause many complications in patients with implantable devices. Because of the risk of electromagnetic interference, a variety of precautions are commonly used. Not only are there no consistent community-based standards in place regarding the performance of electrosurgery in patients with implantable devices, but these precautions are largely based upon anecdotal experience or recommendations from different specialties. To further complicate matters, the literature regarding electrosurgery use in patients with implantable cardiac devices is limited, especially with respect to dermatologic surgery. As the use of implantable cardiac devices continues to grow, our ability to care for patients with implantable devices must expand. Part II of this continuing medical education article discusses the current recommendations for using electrosurgery in patients with implantable cardiac devices during dermatologic procedures.
A Protégé Plug-In for Annotating OWL Ontologies with OPLa

The Ontology Engineering community has recognized needs for both a simple, exstensible representation language for patterns and tools that support such workflows. In this demonstration, we describe a Open image in new window plugin that guides a user in documenting the loaded OWL ontology and its entities with annotations from the Ontology Design Pattern Representation Language (OPLa).
CD133 expression in circulating hematopoietic progenitor cells.

BACKGROUND Circulating hematopoietic progenitors (HPCs) are involved in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis, the immune response to cancer, and disorders of the hematopoietic system. HPC characterization by flow cytometry typically utilizes CD34 in combination with other cell surface markers to identify cell populations that give rise to specific hematopoietic lineages. CD133, also known as prominin-1, is a cell surface protein found in HPCs that has a similar but not interchangeable expression pattern with CD34 for characterization of HPC populations. Our goal was to determine the distribution of CD133 expression within HPC sub-types amongst circulating CD34+ cells. METHODS The quantity of different HPC populations within the CD34+ CD133+ and CD34+ CD133- fractions of venous blood obtained from healthy human subjects was measured using multicolor flow cytometry. RESULTS The majority of circulating CD34+ cells is CD133-. CD133+ CD34+ cells express low levels of CD38, contain cell populations bearing cell surface markers of hematopoietic stem cells, multipotent progenitors, and multilymphoid progenitors, and are largely devoid of CD38 expressing lineage specified progenitors. These findings clarify the composition of circulating CD133+ CD34+ cell types in adult human subjects. © 2018 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Patterns of chemotherapy near the end of life for patients receiving palliative bone radiotherapy.

9544 Background: Appropriate timing of chemotherapy (CT) cessation is important for optimizing quality of life, with consensus guidelines recommending termination of CT within the last 2-4 weeks of...
Mechanical properties and fracture of in-situ Al3Ti particulate reinforced A356 composites

Abstract The microstructure and mechanical properties of in-situ 5 vol. % Al3Ti/A356 composites were studied either taking account of the effects of T6 heat treatment and strontium (Sr) addition or not. For both as-cast and T6 treated composites, the in-situ Al3Ti particulates are in a blocky morphology with average size of 5–6 μm. Sr modified the Si particulates by reducing their size and aspect ratio, without a noticeable influence on the Al3Ti particulates. Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS) revealed the existence of Si in the blocky Al3Ti particulates in the as-cast composites likely to form an (Al,Si)3Ti phase. Solutionization at 540 °C for 4 h resulted in the enrichment of Si inside the Al3Ti particulates, raising a question about the stability of (Al,Si)3Ti as reported by others. For both as-cast and T6 treated A356 alloy, the yield strengths were enhanced by in-situ Al3Ti particles, but the elongation was adversely affected. In comparison, the tensile strength and ductility of the Al3Ti/A356 were simultaneous improved with the modification of Sr due mainly to the modification of eutectic Si particles. Microstructure-based representative volume element (RVE) simulations revealed the microscale damage evolution of the studied materials and provided a good prediction of their fracture behavior, substantiated by fractography.
Ultrasonographic Guidance to Improve First-Attempt Success in Children With Predicted Difficult Intravenous Access in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study objective We determine whether ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement improves the rate of first-attempt success by 20% for children with predicted difficult intravenous access. Secondary objectives included determining whether ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement reduces the attempt number, improves time to access or parental satisfaction, or affects intravenous line survival and complications. Methods This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted in an urban tertiary care pediatric emergency department that enrolled a convenience sample of children requiring an intravenous line and who were predicted to have difficult intravenous access according to a previously validated score. Participants were randomized to traditional or ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement on first attempt and stratified by aged 0 to 3 versus older than 3 years. Results One hundred sixty-seven patients were enrolled and randomized to traditional intravenous line or to a care bundle with a multidisciplinary team trained to place ultrasonographically guided intravenous lines. First-attempt success was increased in the ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement arm (n=83) compared with the traditional intravenous line arm (n=84) (85.4% versus 45.8%; relative risk 1.9; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5 to 2.4). There were fewer attempts in the ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement arm than in the traditional intravenous line arm (median 1 versus 2; median difference 1; 95% CI 0.8 to 1.2) and a shorter time from randomization to intravenous line flush (median 14 minutes [interquartile range 11 to 20] versus 28 minutes [interquartile range 16 to 42]). A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis demonstrated that ultrasonographically guided intravenous lines survived longer than traditional ones (median 7.3 days [95% CI 3.7 to 9.5] versus 2.3 days [95% CI 1.8 to 3.3]). There was no difference in complications between the groups. Parents were more satisfied with ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement. Conclusion Ultrasonographically guided intravenous line placement in children with predicted difficult intravenous access improved first-attempt success and intravenous line longevity when conducted by a team of trained providers.
Timing of stagnation of Ice Stream C, West Antarctica, from short-pulse radar studies of buried surface crevasses

Five short-pulse radar profiles were run across the edge of inactive Ice Stream C, one of the “Ross” ice streams that flows from the West Antarctic inland ice sheet into the Ross Ice Shelf. Scatter from buried crevasses, which we presume were at the surface of the ice stream when it was active, creates hyperbolae on the radar records. A density-depth curve and local accumulation rates were used to convert the picked travel times of the apices of the hyperbolae into stagnation ages for the ice stream. Stagnation ages are 130 ± 25 year for the three profiles farthest downstream and marginally less (100 ± 30 year) for the fourth. The profile farthest upstream shows a stagnation age of only ~30 year. We believe that these results indicate a “wave” of stagnation propagating at a diminishing speed upstream from the mouth of the ice stream, and we suggest that the stagnation process involves a drop in water pressure at the bed due to a conversion from sheet flow to channelized water flow.
Beyond acute stroke: Rate of stroke transfers to a tertiary centre following the implementation of a dedicated inpatient teleneurology network:

IntroductionThis study evaluated the impact of establishing an inpatient teleneurology consultation service alongside an already established telestroke network on the stroke transfers to the hub. T...
Pterodactyl: Development and Comparison of Control Architectures for a Mechanically Deployed Entry Vehicle

The Pterodactyl project, seeks to advance the current state-of-the-art for entry vehicles by developing novel guidance and control technologies for Deployable Entry Vehicles (DEVs) that can be applied to various entry vehicle configurations. This paper details the efforts on the NASA-funded Pterodactyl project to investigate and implement multiple control techniques for an asymmetric mechanical DEV. We design multiple control architectures for a Pterodactyl Baseline Vehicle (PBV) and evaluate their performance in achieving varying guidance commands during entry. The control architectures studied are (i) propulsive control systems such as reaction control systems and (ii) non-propulsive control systems such as aerodynamic control surfaces and internal moving masses. For each system, state-feedback integral controllers based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimal control methods are designed to track guidance commands of either (i) bank angle or (ii) angle of attack and sideslip angle as determined by the desired guidance trajectory. All control systems are compared for a lunar return reference mission and by providing a comparative analysis of these systems, configurations, and performance, the efforts detailed in this paper and the Pterodactyl project as a whole will help entry vehicle system designers determine suitable control architectures for integration with DEVs and other entry vehicle types.
Energy-Efficient Video Processing for Virtual Reality

Virtual reality (VR) has huge potential to enable radically new applications, behind which spherical panoramic video processing is one of the backbone techniques. However, current VR systems reuse the techniques designed for processing conventional planar videos, resulting in significant energy inefficiencies. Our characterizations show that operations that are unique to processing 360° VR content constitute 40% of the total processing energy consumption. We present EVR, an end-to-end system for energy-efficient VR video processing. EVR recognizes that the major contributor to the VR tax is the projective transformation (PT) operations. EVR mitigates the overhead of PT through two key techniques: semantic-aware streaming on the server and hardware-accelerated rendering on the client device. Real system measurements show that EVR reduces the energy of VR rendering by up to 58%, which translates to up to 42% energy saving for VR devices.
Chapter 5 – Crustal and mantle evolution

Publisher Summary One of the unique features of the Earth is its crust. None of the other terrestrial planets consist of a crust similar to that of the Earth, and the reason is affiliated to plate tectonics. This chapter gives the description of origin and composition of the primitive crust. Numerous compositions have been suggested for the Earth's earliest crust. Diverse opinions and different approaches are applied for estimating the composition of the Earth. The most direct approach is to find and describe a relict of the primitive crust. Another approach is to deduce the composition from the studies of the preserved Archean crust. However, compositions and field relations of rock types in the oldest preserved Archean terranes may not be representative of the earliest terrestrial crust. The chapter also describes various types of rocks found on the Earth's surface and presents a map to show the rock distribution on the Earth's crust.
Trends in Hip Fracture Mortality in Wisconsin and the United States, 1999-2017.

Introduction Hip fracture affects >300,000 Americans each year, and the mortality rate following these fractures is high. Methods Authors searched the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Database for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) for incidences of hip fracture as a contributing cause of death and stratified by sex, age, race, ethnicity, state, month of death, and underlying cause of death across the United States and Wisconsin. Results Wisconsin has the third-highest age-adjusted death rate for hip fracture in the United States. Those who die from hip fracture are most likely to do so in a nursing home. Hip fracture deaths occur more frequently between October and March and often are associated with respiratory illness. Conclusion Hip fracture is a major contributing cause of death. Wisconsin residents are particularly affected by this risk.
Nanoreporter of an Enzymatic Suicide Inactivation Pathway

Enzymatic suicide inactivation, a route of permanent enzyme inhibition, is the mechanism of action for a wide array of pharmaceuticals. Here, we developed the first nanosensor that selectively reports the suicide inactivation pathway of an enzyme. The sensor is based on modulation of the near-infrared fluorescence of an enzyme-bound carbon nanotube. The nanosensor responded selectively to substrate-mediated suicide inactivation of the tyrosinase enzyme via bathochromic shifting of the nanotube emission wavelength. Mechanistic investigations revealed that singlet oxygen generated by the suicide inactivation pathway induced the response. We used the nanosensor to quantify the degree of enzymatic inactivation by measuring response rates to small molecule tyrosinase modulators. This work resulted in a new capability of interrogating a specific route of enzymatic death. Potential applications include drug screening and hit-validation for compounds that elicit or inhibit enzymatic inactivation and single-molecule measurements to assess population heterogeneity in enzyme activity.
Associations Between Habitual Sedentary Behavior and Endothelial Cell Health.

Endothelial dysfunction is a mechanism that may explain the link between prolonged sedentary time and cardiovascular disease. However, the relation between habitual sedentary behavior (SED) and endothelial function has yet to be explored. Purpose- The purpose of this study was to examine the association of accelerometer-measured SED with markers of endothelial cell health. Methods- Healthy adult participants (n=83; 43.4% male; 25.5 ± 5.8 years old) were examined. SED was measured for 7-days by accelerometer. Endothelial function measures included endothelium-dependent vasodilation (EDV); endothelial microparticles (EMPs) [CD62E+ and CD31+/CD42- EMPs]; and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) [CD34+/CD133+/KDR+ and CD34+/KDR+EPCs]. Participants were classified as having low or high SED based on a median split. Results- Participants in the low and high SED group spent a mean ± SD of 8.6 ± 1.1 and 11.1 ± 1.0 h/day in SED, respectively. No significant differences between the low and high SED groups were detected in mean [95% confidence interval (CI)] EDV (2.51 [2.21-2.81] vs. 2.36 [2.07-2.64], p=0.50), EMPs (CD62E+: 6.70 [6.55-6.84] vs. 6.56 [6.42-6.69], p=0.20; CD31+/CD42‒: 6.26 [6.10-6.42] vs. 6.18 [6.03-6.33], p=0.50), or EPCs (CD34+/KDR+: 11.91 [9.23-14.48]×10-2 vs. 14.87 [12.41-17.32]×10-2, p=0.13); CD34+/CD133+/KDR+: 1.84 [1.28-2.39]×10-2 vs. 2.17 [1.64-2.70]×10-2, p=0.43). Conclusions- Among healthy adults, habitual SED was not associated with markers of endothelial cell health.