cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling team member characteristics for the formation of a multifunctional team in concurrent engineering

In concurrent engineering, project tasks generally involve the establishment of multifunctional design teams in order to simultaneously consider various activities throughout the entire product life cycle. Team members from different functional departments of the company interact in every phase of development tasks to design the products and processes concurrently. To ensure a successful multifunctional team, it is important to understand the characteristics of team members. Three fundamental descriptors of team members are developed in this research. The first is to represent the multifunctional knowledge of team members due to the need of concurrent engineering. Second, to build a successful project team, teamwork capability of team members is needed by taking their experience, communication skills, and flexibility in job assignment into account. Multifunctional knowledge and teamwork capability ratings are captured from each member using analytic hierarchy process. Third, since the team members work closely, their collegiality directly affects team performance, regardless of their knowledge. Thus, the working relationship model is developed to provide such a metric. Personality profiling using Myers-Briggs type indicator serves as the basis of assessing each team member's abilities to work with others. Finally, we complete this paper by providing a step-by-step procedure with an example for selecting the best multifunctional team using the three ratings. This research helps establish an efficient multifunctional team because every team member will be capable of communicating to each other within the team due to their multifunctional knowledge, teamwork skills, as well as an established good working relationship.
Role of the Progressive Ankylosis Gene (ank) in Cartilage Mineralization

Mineralization of growth plate cartilage is a critical event during endochondral bone formation, which allows replacement of cartilage by bone. Ankylosis protein (Ank), which transports intracellular inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) to the extracellular milieu, is expressed by hypertrophic and, especially highly, by terminally differentiated mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes. Blocking Ank transport activity or ank expression in terminally differentiated mineralizing growth plate chondrocytes led to increases of intra- and extracellular PPi concentrations, decreases of alkaline phosphatase (APase) expression and activity, and inhibition of mineralization, whereas treatment of these cells with the APase inhibitor levamisole led to an increase of extracellular PPi concentration and inhibition of mineralization. Ank-overexpressing hypertrophic nonmineralizing growth plate chondrocytes showed decreased intra- and extracellular PPi levels; increased mineralizationrelated gene expression of APase, type I collagen, and osteocalcin; increased APase activity; and mineralization. Treatment of Ank-expressing growth plate chondrocytes with a phosphate transport blocker (phosphonoformic acid [PFA]) inhibited uptake of inorganic phosphate (Pi) and gene expression of the type III Na /Pi cotransporters Pit-1 and Pit-2. Furthermore, PFA or levamisole treatment of Ank-overexpressing hypertrophic chondrocytes inhibited APase expression and activity and subsequent mineralization. In conclusion, increased Ank activity results in elevated intracellular PPi transport to the extracellular milieu, initial hydrolysis of PPi to Pi ,P i-mediated upregulation of APase gene expression and activity, further hydrolysis and removal of the mineralization inhibitor PPi, and subsequent mineralization. Mineralization of growth plate cartilage plays a crucial role during endochondral bone formation and allows the cartilage elements to be replaced by bone. Mineralization is restricted to a few layers of chondrocytes close to the chondro-osseous junction. Because of the tight restriction of mineralization to certain areas, the process has to be highly regulated. Uncontrolled (pathological) mineralization can have severe consequences. For example, mineral deposition is detected in articular cartilage of up to 40% of elderly people. These mineral deposits are calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD), consisting of calcium and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), and/or basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals, consisting of calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi) (36). These mineral deposits can lead to acute joint pain and eventually to cartilage destruction. Furthermore, mineral crystals have been shown to stimulate proliferation of synovial fibroblasts and expression of matrix metalloproteinase in these cells (37). Recently, the progressive ankylosis gene (ank) was shown to
A new high density organic laminate for high pin-count flip chip packages

By applying 'simultaneous curing' substrates for core substrates, we developed an ultra high transmission speed build up substrate (called Super HDBU/spl reg/) which is applicable for flip chip packages with over 3,000 I/O. Most build up interconnected substrates have been using a PWB with plated through holes (PTH) as the core substrate. Considering the form density of interconnects and transmission speed, this core with PTH has become a barrier by dividing the top and bottom surface of the substrate. Also, design interconnection lines are limited to the top side of the build up substrate which mounts the LSI devices. As for the solution to these issues, we have developed a new process of simultaneous curing with a copper foil transfer method onto an uncured prepreg. The simultaneous curing substrate method makes it possible to design signal interconnection lines on build up layers on both the top and bottom surfaces of the core substrate. In addition, it provides much finer via and narrower via pitch design on the core substrate which enables full grid area design instead of peripheral design.
Empowered by Persuasive Deception: The Effects of Power and Deception on Dominance, Credibility, and Decision Making

This paper examines how power differences and deception jointly influence interactional dominance, credibility, and the outcomes of decision-making. Two theories, interpersonal deception theory and dyadic power theory, were merged to produce hypotheses about the effects of power and deception. A 3 (power: unequal-high, unequal-low, equal) × 3 (deception: truth-truth, truthful with deceptive partner, deceptive with truthful partner) experiment (N = 120) was conducted in which participants were asked to make a series of mock hiring decisions. Actor-partner analyses revealed that participants in the deception condition reported a significant increase in perceptions of their own power whereas their truthful partners reported a significant decrease in perceptions of their own power. Further, interactional dominance fostered credibility and goal attainment (i.e., making the best hiring decision in the truthful condition and hiring a friend in the deceptive condition) for both truth-tellers and deceivers.
The Impact of Inmate Characteristics on Perceptions of Race Relations in Prison

Race relations is an issue of great concern to correctional administrators. Prior correctional research has examined only tangentially the impact of race and other sociodemographic variables on inmate perceptions of the institutional experience. Virtually no research has been conducted on Hispanic inmates, one of the fastest growing inmate populations. This research builds on prior research on the impact of race on inmate adjustment patterns, and adds to the literature by including other significant sociodemographic and criminal history variables as well as including a significant number of Hispanic subjects. The authors surveyed 775 recently released Texas inmates, or exmates. Exmates were asked their perceptions of race relations in prison. The relationship between selected sociodemographic and criminal history characteristics and exmate perceptions of race relations is examined.
The Supreme Court 1997 Term -- Foreword: The Limits of Socratic Deliberation

When the Justices divide over interpretive methodology, they usually do so along a fault line between textualists and purposivists. The Court's textualists aim to discover the original public meaning of federal statutes and the Constitution, while purposivists treat authoritative text as a starting point for the inference of legislative purposes that can be applied to concrete questions not expressly addressed by the text. Because textualism as practiced by its proponents on the Court is backward-looking, it is particularly ill-suited to the problems of a rapidly changing world to which the Court must constantly apply statutory and constitutional text. In principle, purposivism ought to be more dynamic, but in practice, purposivism ana textualism share limitations that may be associated with the common law method of case-by-case development: like the Socratic method, the common law method as traditionally practiced exhibits a preference for speculation over experimentation. Increased reliance on social science would likely have only a small impact on the Court's work because of the judiciary's limited ability to gather and digest social science data. To better effect would be doctrines that channel learning by other political and social actors. Relying on a starkly instrumental conception of federalism and implementing other reforms, the Court could construct a model of "provisional adjudication," in which it worried less about finding the "true" meaning of authoritative texts - whether by textualist, purposivist, or common law methods - and instead focused on finding provisional, workable solutions to the complex and rapidly changing legal problems of our age.
Some immune responses in cattle exposed to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis after injection with modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus vaccine.

Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis purified protein de- rivative (PPD) were decreased in cows experimentally exposed to M. paratuberculosis 7 days after exposure to a modified-live bovine viral diarrhea virus (ML-BVDV) vaccine. In vitro lymphocyte blastogenic responses to phytohemagglutinin were decreased in each of 3 cows 7 days after exposure to ML-BVDV vaccine. Also, decreased lymphocyte blastogenic responses to M. paratuberculosis PPD were observed in cultures of 2 of 3 cows 7 days after exposure to ML-BVDV vaccine. No significant differences in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay reactions were detected in sera of M. paratuberculosis-infected cattle collected before and at 4 and 12 weeks after exposure to ML-BVDV vaccine. Johne's disease (paratuberculosis) continues to cause important economic losses to dairy and beef producers in Iowa and in widespread areas of the United States 11,17,19 Production losses are mainly related to premature culling of animals with clinical and sub- clinical Johne's disease. In some high-producing dairy herds, reports indicate milk production may decrease ≥ 20% in animals with clinical disease. 1,3,4 Progress has been made toward minimizing losses due to Johne's disease in some individual herds in Iowa in which control measures have been employed for ≥6 years. 19 Information from field investigations indicate that an increased number of clinical cases of Johne's disease is observed in herds in which Mycobacterium para- tuberculosis infection persists following outbreaks of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) or after vaccina- tion with modified-live BVDV (ML-BVDV) (Dr. Larry Moore, personal communication). Alterations in poly- morphonuclear leukocyte function have been reported in cattle exposed to virulent BVDV. 14 Also, it has been reported that an ML-BVDV caused a depression of lymphocyte blastogenic response to selected mitogens as well as a significant suppression of neutrophil io- dination and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cyto- toxicity. 12,13 However, no definitive information is available on cell-mediated responses to specific my- cobacterial antigens or mononuclear cell function in cattle with Johne's disease after exposure to ML-BVDV vaccine.
In the shadow of 1857‐the effect of the Great Ft. Tejon Earthquake on subsequent earthquakes in southern California

The great 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake is the largest earthquake to have hit southern California during the historic period. We investigated if seismicity patterns following 1857 could be due to static stress changes generated by the 1857 earthquake. When post-1857 earthquakes with unknown focal mechanisms were assigned strike-slip mechanisms with strike and rake determined by the nearest active fault, 13 of the 13 southern California M≥5.5 earthquakes between 1857 and 1907 were encouraged by the 1857 rupture. When post-1857 earthquakes in the Transverse Ranges with unknown focal mechanisms were assigned reverse mechanisms and all other events were assumed strike-slip, 11 of the 13 earthquakes were encouraged by the 1857 earthquake. These results show significant correlations between static stress changes and seismicity patterns. The correlation disappears around 1907, suggesting that tectonic loading began to overwhelm the effect of the 1857 earthquake early in the 20th century.
Modifications That Stabilize Human Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers in Solution

The functional unit of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoproteins is a trimer composed of three gp120 exterior glycoproteins and three gp41 transmembrane glycoproteins. The lability of intersubunit interactions has hindered the production and characterization of soluble, homogeneous envelope glycoprotein trimers. Here we report three modifications that stabilize soluble forms of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers: disruption of the proteolytic cleavage site between gp120 and gp41, introduction of cysteines that form intersubunit disulfide bonds, and addition of GCN4 trimeric helices. Characterization of these secreted glycoproteins by immunologic and biophysical methods indicates that these stable trimers retain structural integrity. The efficacy of the GCN4 sequences in stabilizing the trimers, the formation of intersubunit disulfide bonds between appropriately placed cysteines, and the ability of the trimers to interact with a helical, C-terminal gp41 peptide (DP178) support a model in which the N-terminal gp41 coiled coil exists in the envelope glycoprotein precursor and contributes to intersubunit interactions within the trimer. The availability of stable, soluble HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers should expedite progress in understanding the structure and function of the virion envelope glycoprotein spikes.
Glycine receptors: lessons on topology and structural effects of the lipid bilayer.

The members of the superfamily of nicotinicoid receptors, sometimes referred to as the ligand-gated ion channel superfamily (LGICS), are essential mediators in the propagation of electrical signals between cells at neuronal and neuromuscular synapses. Given the significant sequence and proposed topological similarities between family members, the structural architecture of any one of these neuroreceptors is believed to be archetypic for the family of ligand-gated channels. We have focused our biophysical studies on the glycine receptor (GlyR) since homomeric expression of just the α1 chain of the receptor is sufficient to reconstitute native-like activity when expressed in heterologous cells, and we have successfully overexpressed and purified relatively large quantities of this receptor. Our CD data suggests that the historical four transmembrane helix topology model for nicotinicoid receptors may be erroneous. Proteolytic studies as well as chemical modification studies coupled with mass spectroscopy (MS) have provided additional evidence that this model may be inappropriate. While we suggest a novel topological model for the superfamily of nicotinicoid receptors, the absence of high resolution data for the transmembrane regions of these ion channels precludes further refinement of this model. In addition, we observe structural changes in the recombinant α1 GlyR as a function of bilayer composition, suggesting that these receptors may be dynamically modulated by cellular control over the properties of the plasma membrane. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 66: 359–368, 2002
Axiomatic foundation of the analytic hierarchy process

This paper contains an axiomatic treatment of the Analytic Hierarchy Process AHP. The set of axioms corresponding to hierarchic structures are a special case of axioms for priority setting in systems with feedback which allow for a wide class of dependencies. The axioms highlight: 1 the reciprocal property that is basic in making paired comparisons; 2 homogeneity that is characteristic of people's ability for making comparisons among things that are not too dissimilar with respect to a common property and, hence, the need for arranging them within an order preserving hierarchy; 3 dependence of a lower level on the adjacent higher level; 4 the idea that an outcome can only reflect expectations when the latter are well represented in the hierarchy. The AHP neither assumes transitivity or the stronger condition of consistency nor does it include strong assumptions of the usual notions of rationality. A number of facts are derived from these axioms providing an operational basis for the AHP.
The Re-Composition of Christianity under the Migration and Globalization Process: The Case of Colombian Migrants in Miami

As globalization takes its course, we are living through an enor- mous cultural and religious re-composition. Migration and the subse- quent formation of transnational communities are important factors of this phenomenon. This process has been outlined by a diversification that has produced an explosion of new religious systems and forms of expres- sion. As a result, the de-institutionalization and individualization of relig- ions have increased. These phenomena are indeed transforming the tradi- tional landscape of Christianity in the Americas.
The Exceptionalism of Housing: Ideology and Politics in Early Communism in Romania (1945-1965)

The paper analyzes the exceptionalism of housing during the early communist period in Romania, in particular the extent to which the regime’s ambivalent policies regarding housing undermined the overall political and ideological goal of dismantling private property. Focusing on takings, restitutions, and new constructions in the city of Timisoara and the surrounding region, the paper emphasizes conflicting and inconsistent policies regarding housing and the consequences of these policies. Housing’s double meaning as home and asset further complicated the overall ideological mission of denaturalizing bourgeois private property, and allowed for the continuous relevance of pre-communist legal ideologies and property rights consciousness during this period. The paper is based on document and archival research conducted in the city of Timisoara, Romania, in 2007-2008.
SENILE MACULAR DEGENERATION: REVIEW OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC FEATURES

Senile macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual loss in the United States, England, and probably many other industrialized countries. The clinical manifestations of this disease include: drusen, atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium, serous detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, subretinal neovascularization, and disciform scars. Standardized techniques for defining these manifestations of senile macular degeneration are necessary for epidemiologic study of this disease. Such standardization is facilitated by the use of fundus photographs. If a visual acuity deficit is included in the definition of senile macular degeneration, care must be taken to assure that senile macular degeneration is responsible for the decreased vision. The Framingham Eye Study provides the best senile macular degeneration prevalence data. The rapid increase in prevalence of senile macular degeneration after the fifth decade is demonstrated in this study and is consistent with other studies. In fact, increasing age has the strongest association with senile macular degeneration of any of the risk factors considered to date. Many other possible risk factors have been identified but further investigation is necessary to verify these associations.
Determination of Trifluoroacetate by Ion Chromatography for Snow and Ice Analysis

Trifluoroacetic acid (TEA) is a product of the atmospheric degradation of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). HCFCs and HFCs are widely used substitutes for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) that have been found to contribute to the loss of stratospheric ozone. Deposits of TEA with precipitation (rain and snow) can lead to its presence and accumulation in the aquatic and cryosphere environments, with unknown long-term environmental consequences. Investigation on TEA impact and its fate in the environment requires sensitive, accurate, and fast analytical methods. The determination of trace concentrations of TEA using the technique of ion chromatography (IC) is investigated in this study, with a potential application of the technique for TEA in Antarctic snow samples. It was found that the IC detection and quantification of TEA as an anion is free from chromatographic interference by major anions in Antarctic snow. The detection limit using a procedure without preconcentration was found to be 0.2 ppb TEA, while the limit of quantification is as low as 0.5 ppb.
Ultra-violet flying spot television microscopy; study of living HeLa cells.

Summary1. Preliminary experiments with the continuous production of monochromatic ultra-violet absorption images of living cells indicate that this may be accomplished by the flying spot television microscope technic.
Sodium Losing Material in Human Urine.

SummaryA substance has been obtained by chromatographic separation of extracts of urine obtained from premature infants and patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia which when injected into intact rats produces an increase in urinary sodium excretion. The material is found more plentifully after ACTH administration to the patient but it has not been proven to be a secretory product of the adrenal cortex. It has minimal or no effect upon potassium excretion. It does not cause its effect by increasing glomerular filtration, at least as evidenced by creatinine excretion.
Vesicle extrusion through polycarbonate track-etched membranes using a hand-held mini-extruder

The vesicle extrusion method is used for preparing small (e.g., 100 nm diameter) monodisperse (uniform-sized) vesicles. Polycarbonate track-etched membranes with pores generally ranging from 50 to 200 nm in diameter and a hand-held mini-extruder are used for such a procedure. Extrusion through small (100 nm in diameter or smaller) pores also ensures that the vesicle population is predominantly unilamellar.
Evaluation on Immunization Effectivity of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) in adults

Objective To observe and compare the immunization effectivity of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) in adults. Methods Randomly selected 162 healthy subjects aged over 16 years old. They have no a history of hepatitis B vaccine immunization and their HBsAg, antiHBs and antiHBc were all negative. They were vaccinated with 10μg of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) at 0, 1, 6 months. After a month in completing the 3rd vaccination, their serum samples were collected and antiHBs was detected. Results 99 people were slected to vaccinate recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The positive seroconversion rate of antiHBs was 94.95%. The geometric mean concentration of antiHBs was 331.08 mIU/mL; 63 people were slected to vaccinate recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha). The positive seroconversion rate of anti-HBs was 98.41%. The GMC of anti-HBs was 270.79 mIU/mL. The statistical significance of differences were not found in the positive seroconversion rates and the GMCs between two groups (P 0.05). All the vaccines did not show any severe adverse effect. Conclusion Both recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and recombinant hepatitis B vaccine (Hansenula Polymorpha) are very effective and safe to adults.
[Bis(2‐hydroxy­ethyl)­amino]­tris­(hydroxy­methyl)­methane (Bis–Tris), an important complexing agent

The title compound, (HOCH2CH2)2NC(CH2OH)3 or C8H19NO5, is an important complexing agent. All hydroxyl-H atoms are involved in intermolecular hydrogen bonds (O—H⋯O distances are in the range 2.690–2.847 A), which link the mol­ecules in the crystal into a three-dimensional infinite network. One of the hydroxy­methyl hydroxyl groups also participates in an intramolecular O—H⋯N hydrogen bond, closing a five-membered N—C—C—O—H pseudo-cycle [O⋯N 2.7804 (16) A and O—H⋯N 118.6 (17)°].
Use of Social Media for Disaster Management: A Prescriptive Framework

Social media is emerging as an important information-based communication tool for disaster management. Yet there are many relief organizations that are not able to develop strategies and allocate resources to effectively use social media for disaster management. The reason behind this inability may be a lack of understanding regarding the different functionalities of social media. In this paper, we examine the literature using content analysis to understand the current usage of social media in disaster management. We draw on the honeycomb framework and the results of our content analysis to suggest a new framework that can help in utilizing social media more effectively during the different phases of disaster management. We also discuss the implications of our study.
Simple Terrestrial Laser Scanner for Measuring Streambank Retreat

AbstractHigh-resolution measurements of streambank retreat (SBR) rates are important for engineering applications, such as infrastructure planning and stream restoration. Conventional methods of measuring SBR, such as erosion pins or total stations, lack sufficient point density to accurately capture the spatial variability of bank retreat over an entire streambank surface. This paper presents a newly developed terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) that is affordable, robust, and simple. The TLS was employed to profile a ∼9-m wide portion of a meander bend on Clear Creek in Coralville, Iowa. Bank profiles were acquired in July 2012 and July 2013; the resulting subtraction yielded a mean SBR rate of 2.13 m/year, with a maximum of 3.7 m at the upper portion of the bank.
Testicular feminization in a cat.

Testicular feminization, caused by an inherited defect of the androgen receptor, was diagnosed in a domestic cat. Individuals affected with this syndrome are genetic males that have testes but fail to undergo masculinization because the internal and external genitalia cannot respond to androgens. The affected cat had the external appearance of a sexually normal female, but during surgery for ovariohysterectomy, only 2 abdominal gonads were found. Mullerian (uterus) or wolffian (epididymides) derivatives were not present. Only testicular tissue was found in histologic sections of the gonad. A normal male chromosome constitution (38,XY) was found in karyotypes prepared from lymphocyte cultures. High affinity binding of dihydrotestosterone was undetectable in fibroblasts cultured from genital skin of the affected cat, indicating that the cytosolic androgen receptor was nonfunctional. Pedigree analysis indicates that this is an X-linked disorder in cats, as it is in other mammals. Accurate diagnosis and genetic counseling are advocated to reduce the prevalence of the disorder.
Mick Smith: Against Ecological Sovereignty: Ethics, Biopolitics, and Saving the Natural World

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Time-Dependent Effects

The strains in an elastic body may be computed from a specified displacement field using the equations of compatibility, regardless of whether the displacements arise from static or dynamic excitation. The corresponding stresses and, indeed, the displacements themselves may be dependent on the rate characteristics of the loading function. Therefore, the time derivatives of the displacements, i.e., velocities and accelerations, enter into these equations.
Making Her Mark on a Century of Turmoil and Triumph: A Tribute to Polish Women in Mathematics

New starts, new beginnings, doubt, excitement, difficulties, and positive outcomes are familiar to most mathematicians. To the women who are the focus of this paper, however, new beginnings meant relocating to a different continent or changing their focus from mathematics to mathematics education. Difficulties included learning and teaching in secret. And positive outcomes meant not only generating new results, but changing the way mathematics was taught in their country, popularizing mathematics much more extensively than ever before, and being free to investigate mathematics to whatever extent they chose. This paper introduces the particular twentieth-century experiences and accomplishments of Polish mathematicians Anna Zofia Krygowska, Zofia Szmydt, and Helena Rasiowa, among others, in the context of Poland during World War II, and acknowledges the contributions of later mathematicians whose work in a new country is ongoing and significant. To supply that context, short descriptions of the development of the Polish School of Mathematics and clandestine education in Poland are provided.
TRANSPORT ROUTE LOCATION: A THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK.

Abstract A theoretical framework for explaining the historical placement of a transport route through a distribution of places based on economic considerations is proposed. Following the statement of certain necessary assumptions, the paper graphically illustrates the placement of routes for two and three nodes, and for three nodes with construction subsidies. A discussion of the four-node case follows this. Because of the combinatorial nature of the problem addressed, the graphical approach is replaced by a shortest-path algorithm, which searches a profit space based on link potential for profitable routes. Three different historical route location problems are analysed using the framework proposed here. In each case the approach locates routes that are clearly within the geographic limits of profitability. The success of the approach in replicating the three cases examined suggests that it merits further testing and refinement.
Ballistic Transport and Energy Spectroscopy of Hot Electrons in THETA Devices

In 1928, FELIX BLOCH predicted, theoretically, that electrons in an ideally periodic crystal will move ballistically, in other words, freely without collisions, ignoring the periodic dense array of atoms that make the crystal. The underlying matrix of atoms determine the ultimate velocity the electrons can acquire and their #x2018;effective mass’ in the crystal.
Craniocervical Junction and Posterior Fossa Dimensions can Affect Need for Decompressive Craniectomy in Posterior Cranial Fossa Hemorrhage

Background Posterior fossa hemorrhage (PFH) of the cerebellum is managed by decompressive craniectomy when there is clinical deterioration. There is no current consensus on an objective imaging method to determine which patients need surgery before clinical deterioration. We developed an imaging scoring tool by assessing initial hemorrhage diameter and posterior fossa (PF) measurements to determine which patients will benefit from early surgical intervention. Methods For this case–control study, we reviewed the electronic medical record to identify adults who presented with PFH over a 10-year period at our institution. Chart review for clinical findings and inciting factors were documented. The average diameter of PFH and the surrogate PF volume on initial imaging studies were measured. These measurements were correlated with surgical intervention. A scoring tool was developed based on radiographic and clinical data. Results Fifty-one patients met the inclusion criteria. The average hemorrhage diameter and the surrogate PF volume measurements were statistically different between surgical and nonsurgical cases (P Conclusions Patients presenting with PFH with smaller PF volumes may be more likely to require surgery as determined by clinical standards. The proposed scoring system based on simple measurements on initial computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging may help surgeons consider early surgical intervention in those patients with PFH with smaller PF volumes.
Survey to evaluate quality of cancer patient care: A questionnaire based analysis in a tertiary hospital.

e18320Background: As the burden of cancer is on the rise, there is a need to understand the logistics in caring for cancer patients. Internists and nurses are integral part of cancer care team, alo...
Understanding Ultraviolet Radiation Dorsal Foot Injury at the Beach.

Background: Efforts made to protect the dorsal aspect of the foot are currently unknown. We sought to determine whether beachgoers protect the dorsal aspect of their feet as frequently as other ana...
Monitoring Systems for Evaluation of Terrestrial Contamination in a Lunar Sample Transfer Facility

The lunar sample transfer facility used consists of two tandem glove boxes and an entrance vacuum antechamber. Monitoring systems were used to evaluate the contamination levels of water, permanent gases, and lower volatility organic compounds in the glove box atmosphere. The experimental procedures are considered, taking into account the glove box atmosphere, aspects of volatile gas analysis, and lower volatility organic contaminants. The value of high resolution mass spectrometry in the monitoring scheme is illustrated with the aid of an example.
Development and Validation of eRADAR: A Tool Using EHR Data to Detect Unrecognized Dementia.

Author(s): Barnes, Deborah E; Zhou, Jing; Walker, Rod L; Larson, Eric B; Lee, Sei J; Boscardin, W John; Marcum, Zachary A; Dublin, Sascha | Abstract: ObjectivesEarly recognition of dementia would allow patients and their families to receive care earlier in the disease process, potentially improving care management and patient outcomes, yet nearly half of patients with dementia are undiagnosed. Our aim was to develop and validate an electronic health record (EHR)-based tool to help detect patients with unrecognized dementia (EHR Risk of Alzheimer's and Dementia Assessment Rule [eRADAR]).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingKaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA), an integrated healthcare delivery system.ParticipantsA total of 16 665 visits among 4330 participants in the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) study, who undergo a comprehensive process to detect and diagnose dementia every 2 years and have linked KPWA EHR data, divided into development (70%) and validation (30%) samples.MeasurementsEHR predictors included demographics, medical diagnoses, vital signs, healthcare utilization, and medications within the previous 2 years. Unrecognized dementia was defined as detection in ACT before documentation in the KPWA EHR (ie, lack of dementia or memory loss diagnosis codes or dementia medication fills).ResultsOverall, 1015 ACT visits resulted in a diagnosis of incident dementia, of which 498 (49%) were unrecognized in the KPWA EHR. The final 31-predictor model included markers of dementia-related symptoms (eg, psychosis diagnoses, antidepressant fills), healthcare utilization pattern (eg, emergency department visits), and dementia risk factors (eg, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes). Discrimination was good in the development (C statistic = .78; 95% confidence interval [CI] = .76-.81) and validation (C statistic = .81; 95% CI = .78-.84) samples, and calibration was good based on plots of predicted vs observed risk. If patients with scores in the top 5% were flagged for additional evaluation, we estimate that 1 in 6 would have dementia.ConclusionThe eRADAR tool uses existing EHR data to detect patients with good accuracy who may have unrecognized dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:103-111, 2019.
David Oliver: Sepsis-what's behind the "hype"?

A letter was published in the Lancet last week, entitled “Sepsis hysteria: excess hype and unrealistic expectations.”1 It triggered lively Twitter exchanges under the hashtag #sepsishysteria.2 The ensuing discussion starkly exemplified some issues doctors now face when discussing contested, emotionally charged topics on social media. What made the Lancet letter especially interesting was that the authors were recognised experts in sepsis deterioration and scores for identifying physiological decline. Mervyn Singer has been a key player in international consensus definitions of sepsis and an advocate for improving care3; Matt Inada-Kim is a national clinical adviser on sepsis and deterioration4; and Manu Shankar-Hari is a recognised sepsis researcher.5 This made their pause for critical thought all the more noteworthy and added to …
Populist linguistic tone in recent U.S. presidential campaign discourse: a DICTION analysis

This study analyzed the tone of public campaign remarks of right- and left-wing populist (Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders, respectively) and right and left-wing non-populist (Mitt Romney and Hillar...
Anomalous Aortic Origin of the Right Pulmonary Artery From the Ascending Aorta With Spontaneous Dissection and Thrombosis.

Anomalous aortic origin of the pulmonary artery is rare. It can affect either of the main branches and can be an important cause of neonatal respiratory distress. Early diagnosis and surgical repai...
Leucine acutely potentiates glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in fetal sheep

A 9-day infusion of leucine into fetal sheep potentiates fetal glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). However, there were accompanying pancreatic structural changes that included a larger proportion of β-cells and increased vascularity. Whether leucine can acutely potentiate fetal GSIS in vivo before these structural changes develop is unknown. The mechanisms by which leucine acutely potentiates GSIS in adult islets and insulin-secreting cell lines are well known. These mechanisms involve leucine metabolism, including leucine oxidation. However, it is not clear if leucine-stimulated metabolic pathways are active in fetal islets. We hypothesized that leucine would acutely potentiate GSIS in fetal sheep and that isolated fetal islets are capable of oxidizing leucine. We also hypothesized that leucine would stimulate other metabolic pathways associated with insulin secretion. In pregnant sheep we tested in vivo GSIS with and without an acute leucine infusion. In isolated fetal sheep islets, we measured leucine oxidation with a [1-14C] l-leucine tracer. We also measured concentrations of other amino acids, glucose, and analytes associated with cellular metabolism following incubation of fetal islets with leucine. In vivo, a leucine infusion resulted in glucose-stimulated insulin concentrations that were over 50% higher than controls (P < 0.05). Isolated fetal islets oxidized leucine. Leucine supplementation of isolated fetal islets also resulted in significant activation of metabolic pathways involving leucine and other amino acids. In summary, acute leucine supplementation potentiates fetal GSIS in vivo, likely through pathways related to the oxidation of leucine and catabolism of other amino acids.
The New College Institute: An Institutional Analysis of the Creation of an Organization of Higher Education in the Commonwealth of Virginia

THE NEW COLLEGE INSTITUTE: AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE CREATION OF AN ORGANIZATION OF HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA By Edward L. Bowman A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, May 2009 Major Director: William C. Bosher, Jr. Distinguished Professor of Public Policy and Education VCU Center for Public Policy On June 6, 2006 Virginia Governor Timothy Kaine ceremonially signed legislation creating the New College Institute in Martinsville, Virginia. Since achieving statehood in 1788, Virginia has directly created only three four-year colleges; the University of Virginia, Virginia Military Institute, and Virginia State University. With the exception of the College of William and Mary, created in 1693, all of Virginia‟s other public four-year institutions began as branch campuses, state normal schools for women, or as acquisitions of independent institutions. In addition to the extraordinary occurrence of creating a new public college in the Commonwealth of Virginia, evidence preceding the enacting legislation suggested that Martinsville might not be an appropriate place for a new college. The economic conditions in Martinsville and the entire Southside region of Virginia have undergone a dramatic transition from a production and manufacturing economy to an area beset by unemployment and lack of industry. Once considered a thriving economy based on textile, furniture and tobacco related industries, Southside Virginia has suffered
Is Reduction in the Risk of Vision Loss the Only Benefit of Photodynamic Therapy in Predominantly Classic Subfoveal Choroidal Neovascularization

Correspondence: Nicola G Ghazi University of Virginia Health System, Department of Ophthalmology, P.O. Box 800715, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA Tel +1 434 924 5189 Email nghazi@eyeweb.org/ ngg6f@virginia.edu Purpose: To emphasize the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the size and progression of the neovascular lesion (NL) and evolution of the disciform scar (DS) in predominantly classic subfoveal choroidal neovascularization (SFCNV). Methods: A retrospective study of 62 eyes treated with PDT for SFCNV was performed. The greatest linear dimension (GLD) before and at last follow-up after treatment and the size of the DS post-PDT were analyzed. A subgroup of patients with DS in their fellow eye at presentation without prior PDT was also studied. The size of the scar in these eyes was compared to that following PDT. Results: After an average follow-up at 9 months, the size of the NL was stabilized or reduced in 64% of the study eyes with absence of fl uorescein leakage in 45%. Only 3 eyes (5%) developed DS. At presentation, 14 patients already had DS in their fellow eye, the size of which was signifi cantly larger than that post-PDT (p = 0.044). It was also signifi cantly larger than that of the potential scar in the study eyes of the same subgroup of patients (p = 0.002) and of the rest of the patients (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study demonstrates a benefi cial effect for PDT on the size of the NL and DS in SFCNV, which might be of great signifi cance, particularly when PDT fails to prevent severe vision loss.
The Structure of the US Equity Markets

In 1975, Congress directed the SEC to develop a national market system in which all orders to buy or sell equities would interact. A national market system abhors fragmentation and assumes that one market will best serve the needs of all investors. Such an assumption does not capture the realities of modern markets. Investors have different needs and different markets will develop to serve these needs. Fragmented markets are a natural result of competition. Within the US, the sharing of trade and quote information among markets helps to mitigate any deleterious effects of fragmentation. The markets of tomorrow will be global. In a global market, the SEC will have to give up its goal of a national market system and focus on other issues. For example, it will be a challenge to provide just the sharing of trade information across borders. Further, technology will allow a market center or order gathering function to be located anywhere in the world. This threat of relocation will place constraints of US regulators, and global trading will make it more difficult for US authorities to regulate investment practices and to protect US investors.
Relative contributions of stromal interaction molecule 1 and CalDAG-GEFI to calcium-dependent platelet activation and thrombosis

Summary. Background: Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) was recently identified as a critical component of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) in platelets. We previously reported the Ca2+-sensing guanine nucleotide exchange factor CalDAG-GEFI as a critical molecule in Ca2+ signaling in platelets. Objective: To evaluate the contribution of STIM1/SOCE to Ca2+-dependent platelet activation and thrombosis, we here compared the activation responses of platelets lacking STIM1 and platelets lacking CalDAG-GEFI. Methods: The murine Stim1 gene was conditionally deleted in the megakaryocyte/platelet lineage. CalDAG-GEFI–/– and Stim1fl/flPF4-Cre mice, along with littermate control mice, were used for in vitro and in vivo experiments under flow as well as static conditions. Results: Integrin αIIbβ3-mediated aggregation was markedly impaired in CalDAG-GEFI-deficient but not STIM1-deficient platelets, under both static and flow conditions. In contrast, deficiency in either STIM1 or CalDAG-GEFI significantly impaired the ability of platelets to express phosphatidylserine on the cell surface. When subjected to a laser injury thrombosis model, mice lacking STIM1 in platelets were characterized by the formation of unstable platelet-rich thrombi and delayed and reduced fibrin generation in injured arterioles. In CalDAG-GEFI–/– mice, fibrin generation was also delayed and reduced, but platelet accumulation was almost abolished. Conclusions: Our studies suggest that: (i) STIM1/SOCE is critical for the procoagulant activity but not the proadhesive function of platelets; and (ii) at the site of vascular injury, STIM1 and CalDAG-GEFI are critical for the first wave of thrombin generation mediated by procoagulant platelets.
Pattern Matching and Regular Expressions

Here are some interesting and important questions: How hard is it to determine whether a given string x matches a given pattern a? This is an important practical question. There are very efficient algorithms, as we will see. Is every set represented by some pattern? Answer: no. For example, the set is not represented by any pattern. We’ll prove this later. Patterns α and β are equivalent if L(α) = L(β). How do you tell whether α and β are equivalent? Sometimes it is obvious and sometimes not Which operators are redundant? For example, we can get rid of ∈ since it is equivalent to ∼(#@) and also to φ*. We can get rid of @ since it is equivalent to #*. We can get rid of unary + since α + is equivalent to αα*. We can get rid of #, since if Σ = {α 1, ..., α n} then # is equivalent to the pattern {ie44-2}.