cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blue Genes: An Integrative Laboratory to Differentiate Genetic Transformation from Gene Mutation for Underclassmen.

The ability of students to understand the relationship between genotype and phenotype, and the mechanisms by which genotypes and phenotypes can change is essential for students studying genetics. To this end, we have developed a four-week laboratory called Blue Genes, which is designed to help novice students discriminate between two mechanisms by which the genetic material can be altered: genetic transformation and gene mutation. In the first week of the laboratory, students incubate a plasmid DNA with calcium chloride-treated Escherichia coli JM109 cells and observe a phenotype change from ampicillin sensitive to ampicillin resistant and from white color to blue color on plates containing 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (X-gal) and isopropyl β-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). Over the course of the next three weeks, students use a battery of approaches including plasmid DNA isolation experiments, restriction maps, and PCR to differentiate between mutation and transformation. The students ultimately come to the conclusion that the changes in phenotypes are due to genetic transformation and not mutation based on the evidence generated over the four-week period. Pre-laboratory tests and post-laboratory tests indicate that this set of exercises is successful in helping students differentiate between transformation and mutation. The laboratory is designed for underclassmen and is a good prerequisite for an apprentice-based research opportunity, although it is not designed as a class based research experience. Potential modifications and future directions of the laboratory based upon student experiences and assessment are presented.
Spiritual dimensions of entrepreneurship in Transcendental Meditation and TM‐Sidhi program practitioners

A qualitative study explored features of personal development in a group of entrepreneurs who were long‐term practitioners of the Transcendental Meditation and TM‐Sidhi program. Subjects reported that their meditation practice enabled them to cultivate inner experiences, which they described as being anchored to an unshakeable, transcendental inner spiritual core. These entrepreneurs reported that this inner experience led to enhanced intuition and to broad awareness that embraced the wider interests of the community and environment. Findings are discussed with reference to prior scholarship about spirituality in entrepreneurs. This exploratory study contributes to understanding the mechanics through which spiritual values and behaviors might become more fully realized in the workplace.
Production of two phase polyhydroxyalkanoic acid granules in Ralstonia eutropha

To synthesize layered granules consisting of selected phases of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) homopolymer and PH(B-co-V) copolymer, Ralstonia eutropha was grown on fructose and limited quantities (1 g/l) of valeric acid. Exhaustion of the valerate resulted in a carbon source shift and a shift in the composition of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) being synthesized within the cell. The synthesis rates were 0.030 g PH(B-co-V)/l per h and 0.033 g PHB/l per h, giving a copolymer composition of 48% HV. The valerate was exhausted at approximately 12 h at a rate of 0.0894 g/l per h after which only PHB was produced through the remaining 12 h at 0.033 g PHB/l per h from the remaining fructose, which was utilized at a constant rate of 0.0861 g/l per h throughout all 24 h of the experiment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of isolated granules showed two glass transitions, confirming the presence of two distinct polymer phases within the layered granules. Transmission electron microscopic images stained with RuO4 revealed a heavily stained copolymer core within a lighter stained PHB shell, confirming the expected morphology of granule composition. Thus, biosynthesis can be exploited for the control of domain sizes in layered granules, potentially providing metabolic control over the physical properties of the resultant polymer.
Residue arithmetic with rational operands

A method is described for doing residue arithmetic when the operands are rational numbers. A rational operand a/b is mapped onto the integer |a·b−1| p and the arithmetic is performed in GF(p). A method is given for taking an integer result and finding its rational equivalent (the one which corresponds to the correct rational result).
What is Special about Special Education Administration? Considerations for School Leadership

The challenge for school administrators is to direct system-wide initiatives that redefine leadership in ways that support the use of proven practices and link administrative interventions to increased educational achievement for each student who has a disability and for all the students who are in their charge. Leadership that embraces evidence-based practices promises new opportunities for collecting and using data related to student achievement, and determining which leadership practices contribute toward positive student outcomes. Responsive administrative interventions that support teaching and learning, system-wide progress monitoring, and collaborative problem-solving, are suggested as methods for promoting effective school outcomes for all students. This discussion proposes that administrators who organize teams to implement responsive leadership interventions, strategies for system-wide progress monitoring, and problem-solving, create cultures for data-based decisions that link leadership initiat...
[3H]-aldosterone binding sites (type I receptors) in the lateral wall of the cochlea: distribution assessment by quantitative autoradiography.

Mineralocorticoids, such as aldosterone, are steroids that enhance Na+ retention and K+ excretion in ion-transporting epithelial tissues through regulation of Na, K-ATPase. Previous studies suggest that aldosterone may regulate labyrinthine ion transport through up-regulation of Na, K-ATPase sites, a process mediated by high-affinity aldosterone (type I) receptors. In the present study, information concerning density and distribution of aldosterone binding sites in cochlear lateral wall tissues was determined by quantitative autoradiography using [3H]-aldosterone and RU-28362, a glucocorti-coid agonist that blocks low affinity binding to glucocorticoid (type II) receptors. The results revealed that the distribution of aldosterone binding sites differs among the individual cochlear regions of the lateral wall. The highest level of binding was associated with the stria vascularis and epithelial cells of the spiral prominence. Elevated levels of binding were also observed in stromal cells of the spiral promi...
A mouse model of Clostridium difficile-associated disease.

Background & Aims Infection with Clostridium difficile causes nosocomial antibiotic–associated diarrhea and colitis. Hamsters historically have been used to investigate disease pathogenesis and treatment, but are not ideal models because of the lack of hamster-specific reagents and genetically modified animals, and because they develop fulminant disease. The aim of this study was to establish a mouse model of antibiotic-induced C difficile–associated disease (CDAD) that more closely resembles human disease. Methods C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a mixture of antibiotics (kanamycin, gentamicin, colistin, metronidazole, and vancomycin) for 3 days. Two days later, they were given injections of clindamycin and then challenged 1 day later with different doses of C difficile. Results Mice that were exposed to antibiotics and then challenged with C difficile developed diarrhea and lost weight. Disease severity varied from fulminant to minimal in accordance with the challenge dose. Typical histologic features of CDAD were evident. Oral vancomycin prevented CDAD in all mice, but 68% died from colitis after treatment was discontinued. All animals that survived an initial episode of CDAD showed no evidence of diarrhea or colitis after subsequent rechallenge with C difficile. Different strains of C difficile tested in the model showed different levels of virulence in mice. Conclusions We have developed a mouse model of CDAD that closely represents the human disease. In light of the recent substantial increases in CDAD incidence and severity, this model will be valuable in testing new treatments, examining disease pathogenesis, and elucidating mechanisms of protective immunity.
Differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry of mercury with gold-film micro-electrodes

Abstract Cylindrical gold film micro-electrodes are easily produced by plasma-sputtering of gold onto carbon fiber electrodes. The micro-electrodes produced were found to maintain their cylindrical geometry indefinitely, unlike gold wire electrodes of similar dimensions. Application of these electrodes in differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry provides a method for quantifying trace levels of mercury(II). Up to 100 μg l −1 Hg(II) the area of the mercury stripping peak varied linearly with mercury concentration; the detection limit was 3.7 μg l −1 . With more than 100 μg l −1 Hg(II) a new mercury stripping peak grows in at less positive potentials; its peak height is linear with Hg(II) concentration.
Modeling and delay analysis for converged network-cloud service provisioning systems

The crucial role of networking in Cloud computing requires a holistic vision of both networking and computing resources that leads to a convergence of network and Cloud service provisioning. Therefore, networking and Cloud computing systems need to be modeled and analyzed as a converged service provisioning system in order to obtain thorough understanding about service performance. This paper proposes a new approach to modeling service capabilities of converged network-Cloud service provisioning systems and develops the analysis techniques for evaluating delay performance of converged network-Cloud services. The modeling and analysis techniques developed in this paper are general and agnostic to the implementations of network and Cloud infrastructure; thus are applicable to heterogeneous networking and Cloud computing systems for converged service provisioning.
Velocity Measurements on the Forward Portion of a Cylinder

Velocity measurements in the laminar boundary layer around the forward portion of a circular cylinder are presented. These results are compared to Blasius’ theory for laminar flow around a cylinder using a free-stream velocity distribution obtained from static pressure measurements on the cylinder. Even though the flow is periodically unsteady as a result of vortex shedding from the cylinder, it is found that the agreement is excellent.
Tracking whole hand kinematics using extended Kalman filter

This paper describes the general procedure, model construction, and experimental results of tracking whole hand kinematics using extended Kalman filter (EKF) based on data recorded from active surface markers. We used a hand model with 29 degrees of freedom that consists of hand global posture, wrist, and digits. The marker protocol had 4 markers on the distal forearm and 20 markers on the dorsal surface of the joints of the digits. To reduce computational load, we divided the state space into four sub-spaces, each of which were estimated with an EKF in a specific order. We tested our framework and found reasonably accurate results (2–4 mm tip position error) when sampling tip to tip pinch at 120 Hz.
Endectocides for malaria control

Systemic endectocidal drugs, used to control nematodes in humans and other vertebrates, can be toxic to Anopheles spp. mosquitoes when they take a blood meal from a host that has recently received one of these drugs. Recent laboratory and field studies have highlighted the potential of ivermectin to control malaria parasite transmission if this drug is distributed strategically and more often. There are important theoretical benefits to this strategy, as well as caveats. A better understanding of drug effects against vectors and malaria ecologies are needed. In the near future, ivermectin and other endectocides could serve as potent and novel malaria transmission control tools that are directly linked to the control of neglected tropical diseases in the same communities.
Minimization of Fuel Costs by the Technique of Linear Programming

The investigation presented in this paper describes the problem of determining the proper quantities of fuel to be supplied from several production sources to meet plant requirements in such a manner that the minimum total cost is obtained. The solution is arrived at with cognizance of several parameters which introduce discontinuities in the availability of fuel from the several sources. The investigation also provides a convenient technique for determining an optimum solution by means of a proven mathematical approach to the problem which formerly had been analyzed by an involved cut-and-try procedure that did not provide a dependable optimum solution.
Alternative Pollution Standards for Regulating Nonpoint Source Pollution

Regulation of nonpoint source pollution is complicated by the unobservability of the effluent. Thus, control measures often focus on indirect approaches involving input use and management practices. This paper examines several regulatory standards that rely on observable characteristics, including restricting outputs and inputs which contribute to pollution. The theory shows that a pollution standard is more efficient than these alternatives, though the output standard can be as efficient. An empirical application to lettuce production in the Salinas Valley of California finds that restricting water use is virtually as efficient in reducing pollution as a pollution standard.
The dspace repository: can multiple institutions live in one space? a different approach

In late 2006, NITLE launched a pilot program for managed institutional repository services designed for smaller colleges and universities and the non-profit organizations that serve them. Twenty-six participating institutions helped pioneer this pilot effort, which laid the foundation for the development of production-level DSpace Services. These DSpace Services allowed campuses to start and grow their digital repositories with a minimal level of investment, with no hardware to purchase and very little application support expertise to develop. Campuses were able to focus on the work of building digital repositories within the context of a community of campuses sharing ideas and best practices. Lessons learned and next steps will be discussed.
Modeling and Validation of a High Speed Rotary PWM On/Off Valve

Efficient high-speed on/off valves are a critical technology for enabling digital control of hydraulic systems via pulse-width-modulation (PWM). High-speed valves, when used in virtually variable displacement pumps (VVDP), increase system bandwidth and reduce output pressure ripple by enabling higher PWM frequencies. Our approach to achieving high speed and large flow area with low actuation power is a unidirectional rotary valve designed specifically for PWM. In comparison to conventional valves, the rotary valve reduces valve actuation power from a cubic dependence on PWM frequency to a square dependence by eliminating motion reversals during transition. This paper presents experimental data that validates the rotary valve concept, valve design equations, and dynamic model of a rotary valve based VVDP. Our unoptimized prototype exhibits 65 % efficiency at 50 % displacement and 15 Hz PWM frequency while the validated model projects that an optimized valve is capable of achieving 85 % efficiency at 15 Hz and 73 % at 75 Hz.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Optimum design of scroll profiles created from involute of circle with variable radii by using finite element analysis

A design procedure, combining the geometry of the scroll profiles constructed from an involute of circle with variable radii into the CAE, has been developed. Thermal and structural analyses by means of the finite element method have been investigated in this study. When compared to the conventional scroll profile with the same suction volume, volume ratio and housing size, this new design confirms the smaller radial and axial deformations, and with better rigidity by carrying out the parametric studies. The reduction in the radial deformation of the scroll wrap is far larger than that in the axial deformation because of the lower wrap height and the wrap becomes thicker at the center as it decreases from the inside outwards. The increasing orbiting radius and the decreasing wrap volume also compromise each other to make an acceptable little increment in centrifugal force of the orbiting scroll. One of the studied cases has been recommended as the optimum solution towards the specified design objective and constraints.
Accurate Multiplex Polony Sequencing of an Evolved Bacterial Genome

We describe a DNA sequencing technology in which a commonly available, inexpensive epifluorescence microscope is converted to rapid nonelectrophoretic DNA sequencing automation. We apply this technology to resequence an evolved strain of Escherichia coli at less than one error per million consensus bases. A cell-free, mate-paired library provided single DNA molecules that were amplified in parallel to 1-micrometer beads by emulsion polymerase chain reaction. Millions of beads were immobilized in a polyacrylamide gel and subjected to automated cycles of sequencing by ligation and four-color imaging. Cost per base was roughly one-ninth as much as that of conventional sequencing. Our protocols were implemented with off-the-shelf instrumentation and reagents.
Promoting Discovery: Creating an In-Depth Library Marketing Campaign

ABSTRACT This case study aims to describe how librarians at Indiana University Kokomo designed a marketing campaign to promote its discovery tool to undergraduate students during the fall 2012 semester. The authors illustrate how, through the use of a coordinated marketing plan, librarians applied marketing principles to select a target audience, create promotional designs, organize events, and assess campaign effectiveness. The authors express how libraries can construct cost-effective yet comprehensive marketing campaigns, as well as learn from both unexpected successes and shortcomings of such projects. Ultimately, these takeaways can inform a library's future marketing endeavors.
Stim1 Binds to Pairs of Orai1 Subunits to Open the Crac Channel

CRAC channels are activated by binding of the ER Ca2+-sensor STIM1 to the cytoplasmic C-terminus of the channel subunit Orai1. The crystal structure of Drosophila Orai describes a trimer of Orai dimers in which each C-terminus forms an antiparallel coiled-coil with its neighbor. This unexpected arrangement raises the question of whether pairs of C-termini cooperate to bind STIM1 and thereby function as a unit, or whether single C-termini act independently to bind STIM1 and activate Orai1.We assayed binding by E-FRET between CFP-labeled Orai1 tandem dimers and YFP-labeled STIM1 CRAC activation domain (aa#342-448) expressed in HEK cells. FRET indicated strong binding to normal (WT-WT) dimers and no binding to L273D-L273D dimers, as expected (the C-terminal L273D mutation prevents STIM1 binding). Dimers with one C-terminus deleted (WT-CT) had weak FRET, indicating that STIM1 binds weakly to the 3 monomeric C-termini in the assembled channel. However, WT-L273D heterodimers produced significantly higher FRET, showing that the “non-binding” L273D C-terminus contributes to STIM1 binding when paired with a WT C-terminus. These results suggest that STIM1 binds to pairs of Orai1 C-termini in the native channel. To quantify the effects of L273D on Orai1 activation, we generated hexameric concatemers with L273D mutations in subunits 1, 1+3, or 1+3+5, producing channels with one, two, or three heterodimers, respectively. When co-expressed with saturating levels of STIM1, WT concatemers generated normal CRAC-like currents. L273D reduced the current magnitude in a highly nonlinear manner; each heterodimer reduced activity by ∼2/3, while the three-heterodimer channel produced no detectable current. Thus, although STIM1 can bind WT-L273D heterodimers, the binding energy provided does not open the channel. Future experiments will test whether L273 acts simply to bind STIM1 or whether it also contributes to coupling binding to channel opening.
Effects of early retinal lesions on conduction velocity relationships in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the cat.

Abstract Bilateral retinal lesions have been made in and around the area centralis in 5 kittens 23–28 days of age. Twelve to 14 months later, microelectrode recordings were made in the LGN of these animals. Penetrations through the medial, deafferented portion of the nucleus encountered retinally innervated cells at the same rate as penetrations through the intact lateral half of the nucleus or through the LGN of normal adult cats. The correlation between orthodromic and antidromic latency for LGN relay cells in experimental animals was reduced when compared to normal animals, and the percentage of cells receiving dual fast and slow retinal input was increased in experimental animals. These observations are interpreted as evidence that the medial portion of the LGN was reinnervated following the neonatal retinal lesions, and that the specificities that normally exist between relay cells and their retinal afferents in terms of axonal conduction velocity were not maintained during the course of this reinnervation.
Trunk-Implanted Systemics for Control of Foliage Insects on Shade Trees in California

In trials in northern California during 1965—66, implantation at 6-inch intervals around the tree-trunk circumference with either Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N,N -dimethyl-cis-crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) or oxydemetonmethyl provided effective and long-term control of various aphids on ash, Fraxinus spp., and elm, Ulmus spp., trees. Reductions were only moderate on linden, Tilia cordata Miller, and erratic on birch, Betula spp., and maple, Acer spp. Aphid control on oak, Quercus spp., with Bidrin was poor. Bidrin and oxydemetonmethyl provided effective control of Neoborus spp. on ash and elm leaf beetle, Pyrrhalta luteola (Muller), on elm. Impiant treatment failed to control Empoasca satula Delong on birch, and Stomacoccus platani Ferris and Lithocolletis felinella Heinrich on western sycamore, Platanus racemosa Nuttall. In ash, elm, oak, and sweet gum, Liquidambar styraciflua L., uptake of Bidrin was slower during the period of rapid shoot elongation in the spring than immediately before or after this period. In elm during September, uptake of Bidrin was more rapid during the period 10 AM to 6 PM than at any other time of day or night.
A Ballistocardiographic Study of Healthy Young Adult Males

Ballistocardiograms were obtained from 319 well-screened young soldiers on an electrically equalized electromagnetic ballistocardiograph. The records were analyzed for the basic pattern and for variations. The conventional criteria of normal were confirmed. The most frequently observed variation consisted of changes in complexes written during expiration which, when of sufficient degree, resemble those described as abnormal. Prominent L waves were also common. Variations of the J and K waves were rare. A grade 1 or 2 abnormality was noted on 22 records, but when respiration was suspended, only three remained questionably abnormal.
Cholinergic and adrenergic stimulation of mucociliary trasport in the rat trachea

Abstract Mucociliary transport in the rat trachea was monitored through a surgical window for approximately one hour. Rates were grouped according to 5-min intervals which were examined with analyses of variance. Rates were consistent within each rat, although inter-animal variability was pronounced. Unstimulated transport involved minimal amounts of mucus and averaged 4.5 ± 1.4 mm/min. Pilocarpine, presumably a secretagogue, caused a sustained (55 ± 10 min) increase to 5.7 ± 1.6 mm/min. Isoproterenol, presumably a cilioexcitatory agent, caused a brief (14 ± 6 min) peak in transport at 6.4 ± 2.1 mm/min. There were slow and fast animals which remained relatively slow or fast during and after treatment, indicating that each rat had an individual base-line determined by factors other than those susceptible to stimulation. Transport ceased almost at once throughout the airways, as mucus became scanty although ciliary activity was wide-spread. It was concluded that both types of response revealed different mechanisms for the physiological modulation of mucociliary transport.
Rate of weight loss during underfeeding: relation to level of physical activity.

The kinetics and bioenergetic-metabolic determinants of weight loss were examined in obese women ingesting 900 kcal/d for 5 weeks. The patients were assigned either to a sedentary group (n = 5) or to an exercise group (n = 6) in which the participants expended an additional (X +/- SD) 346 +/- 61 kcal/d in aerobic physical activity. The percentage weight loss and the fractional rates (K1 = fast component; K2 = slow component) of weight loss were almost identical between the two groups. The failure of added exercise to increase the velocity of weight loss could not be explained by differences between the groups in any of the following: gastrointestinal energy and nitrogen (N) absorption; fractional rates of urinary urea N and total N loss; or the thermic effect of the formula diet. The cumulative and fractional rates of protein (ie N) loss were also similar between the groups. The exercise group lost more fat (5.3 +/- 1.0 kg) than the non-exercise group (4.4 +/- 1.6 kg, P less than .001) as measured by underwater weighing. The maximum between-group difference in the rate of fat loss, as determined by energy-N balance, occurred during early underfeeding. With continuation of the 900 kcal/d diet, the between-group differences in the rate of fat loss diminished. The exercise subjects significantly lowered their resting heat losses relative to the non-exercise subjects (P less than .025). This in turn reduced the degree of negative energy balance in the more energy-deficient exercise group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
CIRCSIM-Tutor: An Intelligent Tutoring System Using Natural Language Dialogue

CIRCSIM-Tutor version 2, a dialogue-based intelligent tutoring system (ITS), is nearly five years old. It conducts a conversation with a student to help the student learn to solve a class of problems in cardiovascular physiology dealing with the regulation of blood pressure. It uses natural language for both input and output, and can handle a variety of syntactic constructions and lexical items, including sentence fragments and misspelled words.
Therapeutic Vs. Political Frames: The Influence of “Witnessing” the U.S.-Iraq War on Family “Agitation”

As the U.S. Air Force began strikes against Baghdad in March 2003, the Bush Administration, the American Psychological Association, and antiwar organizations prescribed ways for U.S. parents to manage the emotions of themselves and their children. Through the use of ethnographic and archival data, the author develops a conceptual frame for explaining the ways in which therapeutic interventions targeted at families during war structure political subjectivities. This study extends research on the rise of therapeutic discourses to manage the emotions of civilians during war, and it bridges the theorization of governmentality and emotion management.
The Philonic God of Revelation and His Latter-Day Deniers

Philo, professionally, was not a teacher of philosophy. He was a preacher, a preacher on biblical topics, who dispensed his philosophic thoughts in the form of sermons. And because he was not professionally a teacher of philosophy, some modern students of his works say that he was not a philosopher. For nowadays, as we all know, to be called philosopher one must be ordained and one must be hired to teach philosophy and one must also learn to discuss certain hoary problems as if they were plucked yesterday out of the air. Some say that Philo was an eclectic. But there is one eminent authority who would begrudge him even the title of eclectic without further qualification, for, after all, eclecticism is the name of a reputable system in ancient Greek philosophy. The eclecticism of Philo, our eminent authority says, “is that of the jackdaw rather than the philosopher.” But, while we may deny Philo the honorific title of philosopher, with the privilege of wearing ostentatiously a special garb like that affected by ancient Greek philosophers, we cannot deny him the humbler and more modest title of religious philosopher. As such, Philo was the first who tried to reduce the narratives and laws and exhortations of Scripture to a coherent and closely knit system of thought and thereby produced what may be called scriptural philosophy in contradistinction to pagan Greek philosophy.
Downlink transmit power issues in a WCDMA cellular system

After many years of standardisation third generation cellular systems have now reached the deployment phase. Prior to this deployment, a dimensioning and planning stage is necessary to assess the radio access network coverage and capacity. A critical downlink issue of radio capacity and coverage planning is the power allocation required per user to fulfil network GoS requirements. Indeed, each Node B within a WCDMA system has a finite power resource that has to be shared amongst a number of users, or more accurately links elements (including users in soft handover). The consequent capacity of a 3G cellular system is dependant on the adequate resource sharing of the Node B transmit power. Three fundamental parameters describe this power: 1. The total transmit power 2. The pilot power 3. The allocated transmit power per dedicated traffic channel (DCH). This paper discusses the impact of these tuneable parameters on capacity, coverage, QoS and consequently GoS in a WCDMA network.
New Library, New Librarian, New Student: Using LibGuides to Reach the Virtual Student

This article examines the virtual pathfinder and its relationship with distance education students. Various topics are addressed in relation to virtual students, LibGuides and collaborative efforts between librarians and teaching faculty. A brief history of the subject guide is presented, advantages and disadvantages of LibGuides are discussed and a unique collaboration at Chattanooga State Community College is described.
Encystment of the ciliate Boveria teredinidi in the tissues of the molluscan woodborer Bankia gouldi in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey

Abstract Histological sections of Bankia gouldi from several stations in Barnegat Bay, New Jersey, were found to contain encysted Boveria teredinidi . The process of encapsulation appeared to be of the leukocytic type, and there was usually considerable leukocytic infiltration into the tissues in the areas of the cysts. No cysts were observed in tissues of Teredo navalis, T. furcifera , or T. bartschi , although ciliates were observed on the gill surfaces of these species. This report is believed to be the first of encystment in B. gouldi .
Hyperthermic effects of centrally injected (d-ala2, N-Me-Phe4, met-(o)5-ol-enkephalin (FK 33-824) in rabbits and guinea-pigs

Abstract Intracerebroventiicular administration of ( d -ala 2 , N- Me-Phe 4 , Met -(O) 5 - ol)-enkephalin (FK 33-824) induced dose-related hyperthermia in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Prostaglandins (PG) and norepinephrine (NE) were not involved in the hyperthermia induced by FK 33-824 because a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, indomethacin, and an α-adrenoceptor antagonist, phenoxybenzamine, had no antagonistic effects. Likewise, cAMP was not required since a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, theophylline, did not accentuate the hyperthermia due to FK 33-824. It is suggested that μ receptors were involved in the induction of hyperthermia by FK 33-824 in rabbits and guinea-pigs since naloxone attenuated it. These results indicate that FK 33-824-induced hyperthermia is not mediated by PG, NE and cAMP, but rather that μ receptors are involved in the induction of hyperthermia by FK 33-824.
Saturation at high gain in discrete time recurrent networks

Abstract We develop analogs of the saturation theorems of Grossberg and Hopfield for networks operating in discrete time with continuous activation dynamics. At certain units, called output nodes, the transfer functions g j are like sums of classical sigmoids with gain parameter κ. There is no restriction on transfer functions at other units; they need not be monotone, and are not affected by the gain. To each output node there is associated a finite set of numbers called its level values. For a broad class of nets we show that if the gain is sufficiently high, and if each output node is self-exciting, or each is self-inhibiting, then for any stable fixed point p of the activation dynamics, at each output node the outgoing signal g j (p j ) is saturated, that is, close to a level value.
The relative roles of phenylalanine and tyrosine as substrates for DOPA synthesis in PC12 cells.

The relative contributions of tyrosine (TYR) and phenylalanine (PHE) to the synthesis of dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were studied in PC12 cells following inhibition of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase with m-hydroxybenzylhydrazine (NSD-1015). Cells were incubated with varying concentrations of unlabeled L-TYR and L-PHE, and either L-(3)H-TYR or L-(3)H-PHE. Following incubation, labeled and unlabeled TYR, PHE, and DOPA were quantitated following HPLC separation. PC12 cells synthesized DOPA from both TYR and PHE. Raising the concentration of one amino acid relative to that of the other increased the proportion of DOPA synthesized from that amino acid. TYR suppressed DOPA synthesis from (3)H-PHE at concentrations lower than that observed for a similar inhibition by PHE of DOPA synthesis from (3)H-TYR. Inhibition of total DOPA synthesis occurred only at high concentrations of either amino acid. The results suggest that in the PC12 cell, TYR and PHE can be used interchangeably as substrates for TYR hydroxylation, and that the proportion of catecholamine synthesized will depend on the relative proportions of each substrate available to the cell. However, TYR is clearly the preferred substrate for tyrosine hydroxylase.
An Extensible Digital Library Service to Support Network Science

Abstract Network science research aims to understand the underlying properties of complex networks. Large-scale modeling and simulation is the core of network science research. Existing systems take a long time to run large network science experiments with high performance computing resources. Scientific data management systems currently lack the performance efficiency needed to support this type of computation and data-intensive research. Memoization provides the ability to index, archive, and reuse frequently requested and expensive to re-compute datasets. In this paper, a domain independent memoization service to increase the computational execution process performance within cyberinfrastructure-based systems is described. The service is formulated as an extensible memoization framework for the computational and simulation network science domains that is built on top of well-defined metadata objects. We present extensible concepts, discuss the proposed algorithm and framework architecture, and examine the flexible nature of the framework. The framework was utilized as a part of the CINET cyberinfrastructure-based digital library (DL). Our experimental results indicate an increase in the efficiency of the system and recommendation of the service's inclusion in scientific DLs.
T-Cell recovery in adults and children following umbilical cord blood transplantation.

Abstract T-cell reconstitution following allogeneic stem cell transplantation may involve thymic education of donor-derived precursors or peripheral expansion of mature T cells transferred in the graft. T cell-receptor excision circles (sjTRECs) are generated within the thymus and identify new thymic emigrants and those that have not divided. We measured quantitative and qualitative immunologic reconstitution and sjTREC levels in adult and pediatric recipients of umbilical cord blood transplants (UCBTs). sjTRECs were detected at normal levels in all children, starting 12 months after transplantation. sjTRECs were not detected until 18 months after transplantation in adults, and then only at a 3-fold lower level than expected for age. We used complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) spectratyping to measure changes in T cell-receptor diversity occurring with restoration of thymic function. T-cell repertoires were skewed in adults and children at 12 to 18 months after transplantation but recovered to nearnormal diversity at 2 to 3 years post-UCBT. T-cell repertoires appeared more diverse earlier in children (at 1 to 2 years post-UCBT) than in adults (at 3 to 4 years post-UCBT). We conclude that early T-cell recovery after UCBT occurs primarily through peripheral expansion of adoptively transferred donor T cells and results in skewing of the T-cell repertoire. The reappearance of sjTREC-containing cells after UCBT is associated with increasing numbers of phenotypically naive T cells, improved mitogen and recall antigen responses, and diversification of the T-cell repertoire. The delay in central T-cell recovery in adults relative to children may be due to differences in thymic function resulting from age-related atrophy, graft-versus-host disease, or the pharmacologic effects of prophylaxis and treatment of graft-versus-host disease.
Infrared studies of CO adsorption on reduced and oxidized PtTiO2

Carbon monoxide adsorption experiments were studied on reduced and oxidized PtTiO2 with FT-IR. On reduced samples two kinds of linear CO species were observed and assigned as adsorption on Pt close-packed (terrace) sites (2094 cm−1) and on Pt open (step) sites (2077 cm−1). In addition a bridged CO species was found at 1854 cm−1. Both linear species show increasing frequencies with coverage. Saturation CO uptake decreases with increasing substrate reduction temperature and there is a preferential decrease of linear CO species on terrace sites and the concentration of bridged species lies below detection limits. On oxidized PtTiO2 samples, some Pt atoms are covered with oxygen atoms and the density of step sites is enhanced. On these surfaces there are two kinds of linear CO species assigned to terraces (2130 cm−1) and steps (2101 cm−1) and a bridged CO species at 1880 cm−1. In addition, several CO species are found which are also detected on reduced samples. These species show intensity variations during lengthy exposures. Preadsorbed linear CO species (2130, 2094, and 2077 cm−1 bands) on oxidized samples are also sensitive to H2 exposures.
Canopy spectra of giant reed and associated vegetation

Abstract This paper describes the spectral light reflectance characteristics of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) and the application of aerial color-infrared photography and videography for distinguishing infestations of this invasive plant species in Texas riparian areas. Airborne videography was integrated with global positioning system (GPS) and geographic information system (GIS) technologies for mapping the distribution of giant reed. Field spectral measurements showed that giant reed had higher near-infrared reflectance than associated plant species in summer and fall. Giant reed had a conspicuous pink image response on the color-infrared photography and videography. This allowed infestations to be quantified using computer analysis of the photographic and videographic images. Accuracy assessments performed on the classified images had user's and producer's accuracies for giant reed that ranged from 78% to 100%. Integration of the GPS with the video imagery permitted latitude-longitude coordinates of gi...
Interaction of the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor NR2D subunit with the c-Abl tyrosine kinase.

The COOH-terminal domain of the NR2D subunit of the NMDA receptor contains proline-rich regions that show striking homology to sequences known to bind to Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. To determine whether the proline-rich region of the NR2D subunit interacts with specific SH3 domains, in vitro SH3 domain binding assays were performed. A proline-rich fragment of the NR2D subunit (2D866–1064) bound to the Abl SH3 domain but not to the SH3 domains from Src, Fyn, Grb2, GAP, or phospholipase C-γ (PLCγ). Co-immunoprecipitation of NR2D with Abl suggests stable association of NR2D and Abl in transfected cells. The SH3 domain plays an important role in the negative regulation of Abl kinase activity. To determine whether the interaction of NR2D with the Abl SH3 domain alters Abl kinase activity, Abl was expressed alone or with NR2D in 293T cells. Autophosphorylation of Abl was readily observed when Abl was expressed alone. However, co-expression of Abl with 2D866–1064 or full-length NR2D inhibited autophosphorylation. 2D866–1064did not inhibit ΔSH3 Abl, indicating a requirement for the Abl SH3 domain in the inhibitory effect. Similarly, 2D866–1064 did not inhibit the catalytic activity of Abl-PP, which contains two point mutations in the SH2-kinase linker domain that release the negative kinase regulation by the SH3 domain. In contrast, the full-length NR2D subunit partially inhibited the autokinase activity of both ΔSH3 Abl and Abl-PP, suggesting that NR2D and Abl may interact at multiple sites. Taken together, the data in this report provide the first evidence for a novel inhibitory interaction between the NR2D subunit of the NMDA receptor and the Abl tyrosine kinase.
Effect of Target Position and Target Task on Judge Sensitivity to Felt Rapport

The present studies investigated the effects of target context on judge sensitivity to target felt rapport. The results suggest that judge sensitivity may be increased by: (a) positioning the target to the judge's left so that the judgment task may benefit from the specialization of the right hemisphere for processing nonverbal behavior, and (b) assigning targets to a task unconstrained by social norms that allows for more spontaneous and revealing target behavior. These results have major implications for the way that interpersonal sensitivity and rapport research is conducted and for understanding interpersonal perception in everyday life.
EFFECT OF TEST ITEMS AND DEGREE OF SIMILARITY UPON INTERFERENCE IN LEARNING FROM PROSE MATERIALS

An experiment was performed to assess the effect of retroactive interference upon learning from prose materials. A test-no test variable was incorporated into a 2 × 2 design along with two levels of organizational similarity. Immediate and delayed tests were used to measure the retention of information stated directly in the passage and that which was based upon inference. Including the test after the original learning passage significantly affected retention. Within the no-test condition, subjects who read an interpolated passage which was highly similar to the original passage had significantly fewer correct responses when tested immediately on information that was stated directly in the original passage.
Processing and modeling optimization for grayscale lithography

Grayscale lithography is an extension of the conventional binary lithographic process for realization of arbitrary three-dimensional features in photoresist materials, with applications especially in micro-optics fabrication. The grayscale photomask possesses a spatially varying transmission that modulates the exposure dose received in the photoresist. By using a low contrast photoresist, such as those based on diazonaphthoquinone (DNQ), the material is only partially removed during development in proportion to the local exposure dose received. In this way, an arbitrary surface topography can be sculpted in the photoresist material. It is common practice in grayscale lithography to encode the transmission levels of the photomask by using the photoresist contrast curve to determine the exposure dose required for a given photoresist thickness at each lateral point in the pattern. This technique is adequate when the surface topography is slowly varying and the photoresist film is thin. However, it is inaccurate when these conditions are not met, because the technique essentially represents a one-dimensional approximation to the lithographic process where the isotropy of the development and the diffractive imaging of the photomask are neglected. Currently we are applying grayscale lithography to the fabrication of a fiber-to-waveguide coupler based on the parabolic reflector, where the efficiency of the device is quite sensitive to fabrication errors in the coupler geometry. In this case the thin photoresist and slowly varying topography conditions are not met, and we turn to more comprehensive process models to determine the appropriate transmission levels to encode in the photomask. We demonstrate that the photomask can be optimized, based on simulation of the lithography process, to produce the required three-dimensional photoresist pattern.
Reacting while moving: influence of right limb movement on left limb reaction

An experiment was designed to determine whether the activation of a muscle group (flexors or extensors) used to produce an ongoing movement of one limb influenced the reaction time and associated initiation of elbow flexion or extension movements of the contralateral limb. Right-handed participants in the bimanual groups were asked to produce a pattern of flexion/extension movements defined by a sine wave (period = 2 s, amplitude = 16°) with the right limb. While performing the right limb movement, participants were instructed that they were to react as quickly as possible by making a flexion or extension movement with their left limb when the cursor they were using to track the sine wave changed color. Participants in the unimanual groups performed the left limb reaction time task but were not asked to make right limb movements. The reaction time stimulus occurred once in each trial and was presented at one of six locations on one of the six cycles comprising the sinusoidal waveform. Participants performed 7 blocks of 6 test trials. Reaction time was calculated as the time interval between the color change of the cursor and the initiation of the response with the left limb. Movement time was calculated as the interval of time between the initiation of the response and the left limb cursor crossing the upper or lower boundary line. Mean reaction of the left limb was significantly influenced by the concurrent type of movement (flexion/extension) of the right limb. Reaction times were shorter on trials in which both limbs were initiating movement with homologous muscles as compared to trials in which the limbs were initiating movement with non-homologous muscles. No differences were detected when the stimuli were presented during the ballistic phase of the right limb movement, and no differences at any position were detected for the unimanual groups. This result is consistent with the notion that neural crosstalk can influence the time required to react to a stimulus but this influence occurs when contralateral muscles are activated.
Flare of pustular psoriasis after initiating ustekinumab therapy

Anti-tumor necrosis factor-α therapy has been paradoxically associated with the new development or worsening of existing psoriasis. We describe the case of a patient who experienced a flare of pustular psoriasis after initiating anti-interleukin-12/23 therapy, which subsequently improved following discontinuation of the drug.
Delayed Glassification Model for Free-Surface Suppression of Tg in Polymer Glasses

Suppression of the glass transition by some tens of degrees within a few tens of nanometers of a free surface in a polymer film is a technologically important, commonly observed, as-yet poorly unde...
Election 2000: Mechanical Error or System Failure

The intermingling to which Durkheim refers is, in the end, not a fusion but a fiction, a fiction which in turn is accepted because the parties to it have an interest in accepting it. Like the political relationship of representation itself, the possibility of betrayal is a defining feature. The ballot is not a mechanical substitute for representation, it is its simulacrum. Some machines, like some representatives, conceal this possibility better than others. But the idea of a perfect vote is in the end no better than the idea of the perfect representative.