cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of Burns

Burns The current goal in the care of patients with burns is to improve functional and cosmetic outcomes. Skin care and the toxic effects of smoke inhalation on the lungs are the two major clinical...
Altered structural brain network topology in chronic migraine

Despite its prevalence and high disease burden, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying chronic migraine (CM) are not well understood. As CM is a complex disorder associated with a range of sensory, cognitive, and affective comorbidities, examining structural network disruption may provide additional insights into CM symptomology beyond studies of focal brain regions. Here, we compared structural interconnections in patients with CM (n = 52) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 48) using MRI measures of cortical thickness and subcortical volume combined with graph theoretical network analyses. The analysis focused on both local (nodal) and global measures of topology to examine network integration, efficiency, centrality, and segregation. Our results indicated that patients with CM had altered global network properties that were characterized as less integrated and efficient (lower global and local efficiency) and more highly segregated (higher transitivity). Patients also demonstrated aberrant local network topology that was less integrated (higher path length), less central (lower closeness centrality), less efficient (lower local efficiency) and less segregated (lower clustering). These network differences not only were most prominent in the limbic and insular cortices but also occurred in frontal, temporal, and brainstem regions, and occurred in the absence of group differences in focal brain regions. Taken together, examining structural correlations between brain areas may be a more sensitive means to detect altered brain structure and understand CM symptomology at the network level. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of structural connectivity in CM and provide a novel approach to potentially track and predict the progression of migraine disorders. This study is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT03304886).
Wagnerian Singing and the Limits of Vocal Pedagogy

Common perceptions of Wagnerian singing center on its sheer volume, its muscular and heroic tone. This article examines how the last century of Wagnerian singing has been shaped by a school of singing defined not by theories of resonance and phonation, but by the disciplining of the breathing body. I argue that certain ideas of singing technique adapted to and then defined this Wagnerian ideal. My point of departure is an invention known as a “Sbriglia Belt,” a device created by Giovanni Sbriglia, a late nineteenth-century tenor-pedagogue. Sbriglia used the belt in his teaching to help singers press their torsos outward as they sang, thereby achieving greater air pressure and greater volume, a technique that anchors and confines the breath while also empowering the voice, allowing baritones such as Jean de Reszke to push their voices upward, into the heroic tenor domain. A German pedagogue, George Armin, extended this breathing technique further and defined a new school of singing by introducing the idea of “breath damming” in his Das Stauprinzip (1909), a method of breath retention that focuses on increased sub-glottal muscular pressure. This technique became a trademark of the twentieth-century Helden sound. In addition to exploring how breathing affects singing more generally, the essay demonstrates the importance of locating singing in the material, physical body, building on the work of Carolyn Abbate, Karen Henson, and Emily Wilbourne. The essay also adds to the conversation on voice recently brought to the fore by Martha Feldman and Nina Sun Eidsheim. However, instead of focusing on how the voice is either disembodied or located primarily in the laryngeal region, I argue for a recasting of the singer as an entire body fully engaged in creating sound from breath, in a sense re-attaching the body to the voice. In so doing, the essay upsets the conventional notion that singers are defined by and as their voices. As one of the first musicological studies to approach singing as practice from the perspective of breath, I hope to demonstrate that the “work” of the operatic singer involves much more than having “a voice.”
Comparing Natural and Artificial Environments in Training Self-Care Skills to Group Home Residents

Ten severely and profoundly handicapped group home residents were baselined and then matched and paired on Project MORE's skills of deodorant use, toothbrushing, and handwashing to determine the effects of training in natural and artificial environments on skill acquisition, maintenance, and generalization. All residents had been institutionalized for more than four years prior to participating in the study. Houseparents in two group homes were the trainers. Results indicated that participants who received training in the natural environment and at times when they would normally practice the skills acquired skills more readily than did those who received training in the artifical environment and at times when they would not normally practice the skills. No significant effects were noted on maintenance and generalization of skills for either group.
Prevalence and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional community-based study.

Background: There are indications that prehypertension precedes hypertension. Like hypertension, it is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Objective: To determine the prevalence, awareness and correlates of prehypertension and hypertension among adults in Delta State, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. We recruited adults aged ≥18 years from two communities in Delta State, Nigeria, using the multi-stage sampling technique. The study instrument was a modified WHO-STEPS questionnaire.Prehypertension and hypertension were defined using the JNC-7 criteria. Ethical approval was obtained before the recruitment of participants. Results: Of the 852 adults studied, the mean (±SD) age was 42.64 (±16.07) years, females (55.9%) and urban dwellers (55.8%). The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension were 42.5% and 29.3%, respectively; both were higheramong urban dwellers. The peak age-group for prehypertension and hypertension were 25-34 and 35-44 years, respectively.Awareness of hypertension was low; 12.0% (102/852). Blood pressure category significantly correlated with age, body mass index, place of residence, level of education, employment status and fruit intake. Conclusion: The prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension in this study were high. Based on the premise that prehypertension is a precursor of hypertension and occurred more among youths, the higher prevalence of prehypertensiongives an inkling to rising prevalence of hypertension. Keywords: Prehypertension, hypertension, adults, Nigeria, WHO STEPS Funding: Nil
Veto Threat Bargaining with a Bicameral Congress

According to the conventional view, presidents are largely bereft of influence with an opposition-controlled Congress. Congress sends them legislation with a “take it or leave it” choice that maxim...
Vision perceptually restores auditory spectral dynamics in speech.

Visual speech facilitates auditory speech perception, but the visual cues responsible for these benefits and the information they provide remain unclear. Low-level models emphasize basic temporal cues provided by mouth movements, but these impoverished signals may not fully account for the richness of auditory information provided by visual speech. High-level models posit interactions among abstract categorical (i.e., phonemes/visemes) or amodal (e.g., articulatory) speech representations, but require lossy remapping of speech signals onto abstracted representations. Because visible articulators shape the spectral content of speech, we hypothesized that the perceptual system might exploit natural correlations between midlevel visual (oral deformations) and auditory speech features (frequency modulations) to extract detailed spectrotemporal information from visual speech without employing high-level abstractions. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that the time–frequency dynamics of oral resonances (formants) could be predicted with unexpectedly high precision from the changing shape of the mouth during speech. When isolated from other speech cues, speech-based shape deformations improved perceptual sensitivity for corresponding frequency modulations, suggesting that listeners could exploit this cross-modal correspondence to facilitate perception. To test whether this type of correspondence could improve speech comprehension, we selectively degraded the spectral or temporal dimensions of auditory sentence spectrograms to assess how well visual speech facilitated comprehension under each degradation condition. Visual speech produced drastically larger enhancements during spectral degradation, suggesting a condition-specific facilitation effect driven by cross-modal recovery of auditory speech spectra. The perceptual system may therefore use audiovisual correlations rooted in oral acoustics to extract detailed spectrotemporal information from visual speech.
Tracheal aspirate transcriptomic and miRNA signatures of extreme premature birth with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective Extreme preterm infants are a growing population in neonatal intensive care units who carry a high mortality and morbidity. Multiple factors play a role in preterm birth, resulting in major impact on organogenesis leading to complications including bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). The goal of this study was to identify biomarker signatures associated with prematurity and BPD. Study design We analyzed miRNA and mRNA profiles in tracheal aspirates (TAs) from 55 infants receiving invasive mechanical ventilation. Twenty-eight infants were extremely preterm and diagnosed with BPD, and 27 were term babies receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for elective procedures. Result We found 22 miRNAs and 33 genes differentially expressed (FDR Conclusions Specific mRNA-miRNA signatures in TAs may serve as biomarkers for BPD pathogenesis, a consequence of extreme prematurity.
MEMS-based optical beam steering system for quantum information processing in two-dimensional atomic systems

To provide scalability to quantum information processors utilizing trapped atoms or ions as quantum bits (qubits), the capability to address multiple individual qubits in a large array is needed. Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology can be used to create a flexible and scalable optical system to direct the necessary laser beams to multiple qubit locations. We developed beam steering optics using controllable MEMS mirrors that enable one laser beam to address multiple qubit locations in a two-dimensional trap lattice. MEMS mirror settling times of ~10 μs were demonstrated, which allow for fast access time between qubits.
Treating in Place: A Model of On-campus Care for Serious Mental Illnesses

For several decades, college counseling centers have struggled to meet a steady rise in demand for services. Research suggests that therapeutic advancements, including psychotropic medication, have...
Lawyers' Ethics in Real Estate Transactions

Recent appellate cases upholding sanctions against lawyers for, in one case, improperly going into business with the client, and, in the other, joining forces with the client’s adversaries after terminating the representation.
An efficient switching system for next-generation large-scale computer networking

A switching fabric called the spherical switching network (SSN) for high-speed applications in next-generation networking is introduced. The performance evaluation and comparison show that this network clearly outperforms typical interconnection networks currently being deployed in practical switches and routers such as a multi-stage network. The spherical switching network has a cyclic, regular, and highly expandable structure with a simple self-routing scheme. The network is constructed with fixed-size switch elements regardless of the size of the network. Each switch element consists of a carefully-selected sized 9 /spl times/ 9 crossbar and a local controller. One of the nine pairs of links is external and carries the external traffic, and the other eight pairs are internal. The contention resolution in each switch element is based on deflection of losing packets and incremental priority of packets. In order to keep the number of deflections low, each incoming external link is connected to a buffer with flow control capabilities. Due to the special arrangement of interconnections in the network, the network operates efficiently since the occurrence of deflections is dramatically reduced.
Time dependent Hartfree-Fock the time-dependent Hartree-Fock description of heavy-ion collisions: A progress report

The domains of validity of the various approximations to full three-dimensional TDHF calculations are fairly well understood at this point. Further work needs to be done to determine the appropriate effective interaction to employ, and it is important to investigate the effects of relaxing the spin symmetry. Nevertheless significant progress has been made in effecting realistic calculations, and comparison with experiment, especially for fusion in light systems, where most of the data exists, is extremely encouraging. Finally, it is important that better calculations, as well as experiments at higher energy be effected in order to settle the question as to the existence or non-existence of an angular momentum window for fusion.
Lamprey GnRH-III releases luteinizing hormone but not follicle stimulating hormone in pigs.

Contents The effect of exogenous administration of lamprey GnRH-III (IGnRH-III) on gonadotropin secretion was evaluated in pigs. Six crossbred barrows (82.4 ± 3.5 kg body weight) were assigned randomly to a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design to evaluate the effect of 0.1, 1.0 or 10.0 μg/kg body weight of exogenous IGnRH-III on LH and FSH secretion. To facilitate blood collection and infusion of IGnRH-III, barrows were catheterized in the jugular vein 1 day before initiation of experiments. Blood samples were taken at 10-min intervals for 6 h, starting 2 h before treatments were applied. Relative concentrations of LH and FSH were calculated by obtaining the ratio of the average concentration of each hormone 2 h after infusion divided by the average concentration during the 2 h before infusion. Relative concentrations of FSH after IGnRH-III infusion did not influence mean concentration of FSH at any of the doses; yet 10.0 μg/kg body weight had a significant effect on LH secretion (p < 0.01). Relative concentrations of LH averaged 1.2, 1.0 and 3.0 ng/ml (for doses of 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg/kg body weight of IGnRH-III respectively). Only a dose of 10 μg/kg body weight elicited a significant LH increase that was associated with exogenous IGnRH-III infusion. We conclude that IGnRH-III is a weak GnRH agonist and at high doses, IGnRH-III has the ability to release LH but not FSH in barrows.
Motor Vehicle Crashes Associated with Alcohol Child Passenger Injury and Restraint Use

BACKGROUND: The role of alcohol in fatal motor vehicle crashes involving children has been well established. However, the nonfatal injury burden of alcohol on child passengers has not been comprehensively assessed. PURPOSE: This study sought to determine injury burden and restraint use in child passengers aged 1-15 years in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study including all people involved in all crashes with an injury or at least $1000 property damage occurring in Wisconsin in 2007 and involving at least one child passenger aged 1-15 years. RESULTS: A total of 22,464 child passengers were involved in motor vehicle crashes in Wisconsin in 2007; 2.5% (n=570) were in alcohol-related crashes. Child passengers in alcohol-related crashes experienced twice the risk of injury compared to non-alcohol-related crashes (risk ratio [RR]=2.42, 95% CI=2.08, 2.80). Two-vehicle crashes that were alcohol-related were more than two times more likely to result in child injury than those that were not (RR=2.78, 95% CI=2.30, 3.35). In alcohol-related crashes, the risk of injury in children was higher if they were passengers in the alcohol-related vehicle compared to the non-alcohol-related vehicle (RR=1.35, 95% CI=1.01, 1.79). Inappropriate restraint of child passengers was higher in alcohol-related vehicles (34.5% vs 17.1%, p Language: en
Sport sponsorship decision making in a global market: An approach of analytic hierarchy process (AHP)

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify the decision making factors of sport sponsorship in the global market context using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP).Design/methodology/approach – To facilitate AHP hierarchy construction, three criteria level factors and a total of 13 sub‐criteria level factors were identified though literature review, expert panel review and pilot test. A total of 410 email accounts from global corporate sponsors were contacted three times to request on‐line survey participation.Findings – AHP local weights showed that sport team factors were far more important decision making factors than the country factors and environment factors. AHP global weights showed that media exposure opportunity was the most influential factor followed by sponsorship fit, team image and fan base strength.Originality/value – This study, the first to utilize AHP in sport sponsorship literature, examined sport sponsorship in the global market context by contacting corporate sponsors.
Interlaboratory and Intralaboratory Comparison of T3-Uptake Methodology

Triiodothyronine (T3)-uptake values in selected human serum pools were compared by use of Abbott's "Trisorb," Mallinckrodt Nuclear's "Res-O-Mat," Curtis Nuclear's "Tri-lonex," and a standard procedure. In addition, interlaboratory variation was measured among laboratories using the Abbott and Mallinckrodt procedures. Study of methodological variables indicated that incubation time and temperature affect T3 measurement. The Abbott procedure is most liable to variations caused by either time or temperature changes; the Mallinckrodt and Curtis methods are least liable to variations caused by changes in time and temperature, respectively. Between-run variation for sera with low T3-uptake values was greater than within-run variation as measured by the Abbott, Mallinckrodt, or standard procedure. For sera with high T3-uptake values, between-run variation and within-run variation are similar; with the Curtis method this was true for all serum pools. We and the reference laboratories found the Abbott method to be most sensitive in detecting changes in T3-uptake values of samples in the "hyperthyroid" range.
Overview Of Fiber Optic Research At Brown University

Research in the Laboratory for Lightwave Technology is focused on novel applications of specially designed optical fibers. Emphasis is placed on new techniques of dopant incorporation, using both MCVD (Modified Chemical Vapor Deposition) and OVD (Outside Vapor Deposition) to fabricate fibers that are primarily for non-telecommunications applications. The topics pursued are fibers for fiber lasers, nonlinear effects in fibers, in particular, second harmonic generation, fiber devices for the measurement of electric field, new techniques for the fabrication of bulk-glass gradient index lenses, fiber designs for embedded fibers for sensor elements of future "smart skin" composites, the poling of glasses to induce anisotropy or possibly optical activity, and finally, fiber designs for N x N fused taper couplers.
Evolution of Carbides during Aging of a Spray-Formed Chromium-Containing Tool Steel

The evolution of carbides during aging of a spray-formed chromium-containing tool steel was studied. In the as-spray-formed steel, there are two prominent types of carbides: the V-rich proeutectoid MC and the Fe-rich M3C in lower bainite. Evolution of the carbides during aging can be described as follows. While the proeutectoid MC remains unchanged, a portion of the M3C dissolves into the bainitic ferrite matrix, and another portion of it is transformed into Cr-rich M7C3. In addition, fine alloyed carbides, such as M7C3, MC, Cr-rich M23C6, and Mo-rich M6C, precipitate from the matrix consisting of bainitic ferrite, martensite, and retained austenite.
Quantitative Raman Spectroscopy of Homogeneous Molecular Profiles in Optical Waveguides Using Internal Standards

Quantitative agreement between measured Raman signals and calculated integrated electric field intensity distributions is demonstrated in both three- and four-layer waveguides by the use of one member of the thin-film structure as an internal standard with which to eliminate the influence of all mode-varying parameters. Optical parameters were obtained in four-layer structures from a negative gradient search along the four-dimensional error surface and were then used to generate integrated electric field distributions. Experiments on poly(styrene)/poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/SiO2 structures showed excellent (r2 = 0.9999) linearity between measured and calculated values for cutoff modes, but a spectral interference prevented use of the modes which were active in both layers. Substitution of poly(styrene-d8) enabled a comparison of calculated and measured Raman signal ratios to be made for all modes, and again excellent linearity (r2 = 0.9985) was obtained.
An m sin i = 24 M⊕ Planetary Companion to the Nearby M Dwarf GJ 176*

We report the detection of a planetary companion with a minimum mass of -->m sin i = 0.0771 MJup = 24.5 M⊕ to the nearby ( -->d = 9.4 pc) M2.5 V star GJ 176. The star was observed as part of our M dwarf planet search at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope (HET). The detection is based on 5 years of high-precision differential radial velocity (RV) measurements using the High-Resolution Spectrograph (HRS). The orbital period of the planet is 10.24 days. GJ 176 thus joins the small (but increasing) sample of M dwarfs hosting short-period planets with minimum masses in the Neptune-mass range. Low-mass planets could be relatively common around M dwarfs, and the current detections might represent the tip of a rocky planet population.
Anchoring the software process

Software organizations need common milestones to serve as a basis for their software development processes. The author proposes three such milestones, gives an example of their use, and discusses why they are success-critical for software projects. To avoid the problems of the previous model milestones-stakeholder mismatches, gold plating, inflexible point solutions, high risk downstream capabilities, and uncontrolled developments-software projects need a mix of flexibility and discipline. The risk driven content of the LCO, LCA, and IOC milestones let you tailor them to specific software situations and yet they remain general enough to apply to most software projects. And, because they emphasize stakeholder commitment to shared system objectives, they can provide your organization with a collaborative framework for successfully realizing software's most powerful capability: its ability to help people and organizations cope with change.
3β,3′β-Dimethylxestospongin C, a New Bis-1-Oxaquinolizidine Alkaloid from the Palauan Sponge Xestospongia sp

Abstract A specimen of Xestospongia sp. from Palau contained the new bis-1-oxaquinolizidine alkaloid, 3β,3′β-dimethylxestospongin C (1), together with araguspongine C (2) and its hydrochloride salt. The structure of 3β,3′β-dimethylxestospongin C (1) was elucidated by interpretation of spectral data.
A versatile method for the Monte Carlo optimization of stochastic systems

The paper discusses a versatile family of Monte Carlo methods for the sequential optimization of stochastic systems. The method selects a sequence of successive one-dimensional search directions, defines a (stochastic) search in each of the directions, where the data used for both the one-dimensional search and the direction determination are merely noise-corrupted observations on the system. The method is more general than stochastic approximation, it converges to a stationary point even in the presence of multiple minima, and it uses rather natural logics. A convergence theorem is proved.
Two-Dimensional Line Shapes Derived from Coherent Third-Order Nonlinear Spectroscopy

Two-dimensional (2D) line shapes derived from four types of coherent third-order nonlinear spectroscopies as a function of two independent time or frequency variables are compared. The signals scattered into two wave-vector-matching directions in the limits of high-time or high-frequency resolution are calculated for an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of two-level systems with phenomenological dephasing and population relaxation times. While one-dimensional (1D) line shape analysis for this model is ambiguous, the contours of these 2D line shapes are shown to be characteristic of the relative time scales of the three relevant line-broadening parameters. These broadening mechanisms are also apparent by comparing 2D spectral profiles along the diagonal and antidiagonal frequency axes. For time domain experiments, in analogy with NMR correlation spectroscopy, the radiated signal is observed as a function of the two coherence periods and is 2D Fourier transformed to obtain a line shape. For experiments bas...
Igbo students' attitudes toward supporting aged parents.

This study was designed to explore attitudes of Nigerian, i.e., Igbo, students toward caring for aged parents. A questionnaire consisting of descriptive information and eighteen statements of attitudes about supporting aged parents was administered to 134 students in a Nigerian teacher training college. Students expressed strong support for caring for aged parents; however, male students were not as keen about supporting aged parents as were females. Students' age correlated negatively with the desire to support aged parents in that older students were less willing to care for their aged parents than were younger students. Factors such as birth order, place of residence in the past five years, religion, and educational levels of the mother and father had no significant relationship with attitudes toward supporting aged parents.
ALLUVIAL CHARACTERISTICS, GROUNDWATER–SURFACE WATER EXCHANGE AND HYDROLOGICAL RETENTION IN HEADWATER STREAMS

Conservative solute injections were conducted in three first-order montane streams of different geological composition to assess the influence of parent lithology and alluvial characteristics on the hydrological retention of nutrients. Three study sites were established: (1) Aspen Creek, in a sandstone–siltstone catchment with a fine-grained alluvium of low hydraulic conductivity (1·3×10−4 cm/s), (2) Rio Calaveras, which flows through volcanic tuff with alluvium of intermediate grain size and hydraulic conductivity (1·2×10−3 cm/s), and (3) Gallina Creek, located in a granite/gneiss catchment of coarse, poorly sorted alluvium with high hydraulic conductivity (4·1×10−3 cm/s). All sites were instrumented with networks of shallow groundwater wells to monitor interstitial solute transport. The rate and extent of groundwater–surface water exchange, determined by the solute response in wells, increased with increasing hydraulic conductivity. The direction of surface water–groundwater interaction within a stream was related to local variation in vertical and horizontal hydraulic gradients. Experimental tracer responses in the surface stream were simulated with a one-dimensional solute transport model with inflow and storage components (OTIS). Model-derived measures of hydrological retention showed a corresponding increase with increasing hydraulic conductivity. To assess the temporal variability of hydrological retention, solute injection experiments were conducted in Gallina Creek under four seasonal flow regimes during which surface discharge ranged from baseflow (0·75 l/s in October) to high (75 l/s during spring snowmelt). Model-derived hydrological retention decreased with increasing discharge. The results of our intersite comparison suggest that hydrological retention is strongly influenced by the geologic setting and alluvial characteristics of the stream catchment. Temporal variation in hydrological retention at Gallina Creek is related to seasonal changes in discharge, highlighting the need for temporal resolution in studies of the dynamics of surface water–groundwater interactions in stream ecosystems. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereochemistry of the photochemical and thermal insertion of oxygen into the carbon—cobalt bond of alkyl(pyridine)cobaloximes

Abstract The insertion of molecular oxygen into the carbon—cobalt bond of optically active alkyl(pyridine)cobaloximes proceeds with complete loss of configuration at the asymmetric carbon center.
The Creation and Maintenance of Wetland Ecosystems from Irrigation Canal and Reservoir Seepage in a Semi-Arid Landscape

Irrigation has increased agricultural productivity in the arid American West, and has greatly altered the natural landscape. This study sought to identify the hydrologic processes linking irrigation canals and reservoirs to wetlands. We mapped wetlands within an irrigation company service area in northern Colorado, measured groundwater levels, and used stable oxygen isotopes to identify groundwater sources. We related vegetation composition in study wetlands to environmental variables to identify the types of wetlands supported by leakage from irrigation conveyance and storage structures. Ninety-two percent of wetlands were visually connected to the irrigation infrastructure. Wetland water tables varied with adjacent canal flow, and isotopic data indicated that wetlands within the study area were recharged solely by canal leakage. Wetland vegetation composition was related to both soil salinity and groundwater depth. Salt flats formed in areas with high salinity, marsh communities in areas with low salinity and higher standing water, and meadow communities in areas with low salinity and water tables near the ground surface. Though land conversion and water diversions have led to dramatic reductions in historic wetland area in some places, it is clear from our study that current agricultural landscapes create wetlands that rely on irrigation water.
Heat and mass transfer in packed beds

Eddy mass diffusivities, effective thermal conductivities, and wall heat transfer coefficients were measured in an 8-in. tube packed with 1/2- and 3/4-in. glass spheres. Superficial mass velocities ranged from 110 to 1,640 Ib./(hr.) (sq. ft.), corresponding to modified Reynolds numbers of 100 to 2,000. Air was the main stream fluid in all cases. The modified Peclet group (DpV/E*td) was found to be constant at a value of about 12 in the region of fully developed turbulence. At lower Reynolds numbers this group varied with the flow rate. Effective thermal conductivities were correlated by an equation. Modified Peclet numbers for heat transfer were about 25% less than those for mass transfer. The wall heat transfer coefficient varied with the superficial mass velocity as hw = 0.090 (Go0.75). An explanation is suggested for the similarity in velocity dependence between these values and those for turbulent flow in an empty tube, based on channeling at the wall.
NOISE AND DISSIPATION IN QUANTUM THEORY

A model independent generalization of quantum mechanics, including the usual as well as the dissipative quantum systems, is proposed. The theory is developed deductively from the basic principles of the standard quantum theory, the only new qualitative assumption being that we allow the wave operator at time t of a quantum system to be non-differentiable (in t) in the usual sense, but only in an appropriately defined (Sec. 5) stochastic sense. The resulting theory is shown to lead to a natural generalization of the usual quantum equations of motion, both in the form of the Schrodinger equation in interaction representation (Sec. 6) and of the Heisenberg equation (Sec. 8). The former equation leads in particular to a quantum fluctuation-dissipation relation of Einstein’s type. The latter equation is a generalized Langevin equation, from which the known form of the generalized master equation can be deduced via the quantum Feynmann-Kac technique (Secs. 9 and 10). For quantum noises with increments commuting with the past the quantum Langevin equation defines a closed system of (usually nonlinear) stochastic differential equations for the observables defining the coefficients of the noises. Such systems are parametrized by certain Lie algebras of observables of the system (Sec. 10). With appropriate choices of these Lie algebras one can deduce generalizations and corrections of several phenomenological equations previously introduced at different times to explain different phenomena. Two examples are considered: the Lie algebra [q, p]=i (Sec. 12), which is shown to lead to the equations of the damped harmonic oscillator; and the Lie algebra of SO(3) (Sec. 13) which is shown to lead to the Bloch equations. In both cases the equations obtained are independent of the model of noise. Moreover, in the former case, it is proved that the only possible noises which preserve the commutation relations of p, q are the quantum Brownian motions, commonly used in laser theory and solid state physics.
Thermohalin≐ convection in a porous medium heated from below

Abstract Results from numerical experiments of convection in porous media heated from below with two opposing sources of buoyancy (e.g. heat and salt) are presented. Steady-state calculations with a ‘salted from below’ boundary condition on composition and Dirichlet conditions on temperature in the region 100 Nu ∞ Ra 3 5 (1-Rρ) 1 2 and Sh ∞ Ra sol3 5 Le 1 2 × (1-Rρ) 1 2 . Time-dependent simulations with φ ∗ = 1 show that flows depend dramatically on Rρ at constant Ra and Le. When the system is ‘salted from below’, the dynamics change with increasing Rp from a system which evolves to a well-mixed convective steady-state, to one in which flow is chaotic with large amplitude fluctuations in composition, and finally to one which evolves to a conductive steady-state. For an initially layered salinity field, vertically stacked convection cells may exist transiently; the interface between the layer is highly unsteady.
Design of a Wireless Vision Sensor for object tracking in Wireless Vision Sensor Networks

The integration of CMOS cameras with embedded processors and wireless communication devices has enabled the development of distributed wireless vision systems. Wireless Vision Sensor Networks (WVSNs), which consist of wirelessly connected embedded systems with vision and sensing capabilities, provide wide variety of application areas that have not been possible to realize with the wall-powered vision systems with wired links or scalar-data based wireless sensor networks. In this paper, the design of a middleware for a wireless vision sensor node is presented for the realization of WVSNs. The implemented wireless vision sensor node is tested through a simple vision application to study and analyze its capabilities, and determine the challenges in distributed vision applications through a wireless network of low-power embedded devices. The results of this paper highlight the practical concerns for the development of efficient image processing and communication solutions for WVSNs and emphasize the need for cross-layer solutions that unify these two so-far-independent research areas.
A Bibliography of Eighteenth- and Nineteenth-Century Spanish Treatises

pain possesses a rhetorical tradition of great antiquity and diversity. Contemporary scholarship is doing much to Uluminate the exceptional richness of the rhetorics of the Siglo de Oro—the "Golden Age" of the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries.' The early modem period, in contrast, has received relatively Uttle scholarly scrutiny. Accordingly, this bibUography seeks to exhibit the abundance of rhetorical treatises pubUshed in the eighteenth and runeteenth centuries. As the title indicates this list includes those rhetorics published in Spain between 1700 and 1900. Although a few editions of works printed outside Spain are noted, no systematic attempt has been made to include those rhetorics pubUshed in Latin America or elsewhere in the Hispanic world. In preparing this bibUography I have relied upon a wide variety of reference materials. The foUowing bibUographic works proved particularly helpful:
Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(lactic Acid) and poly(ethylene/butylene Succinate) blends

In this study, blends of poly (lactic acid) (PLA) with poly(ethylene/butylene succinate) (Bionolle) have been investigated for their thermal and mechanical properties as a function of the concentration of Bionolle. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and tensile tests were used to characterize the blends. From the results of the DMA and DSC, it was found that this blend system was not miscible within the compositions studied. DSC results showed that adding Bionolle aids in crystallization of PLA. It was observed that increasing the Bionolle concentration led to a slight increase in the strain-at-break of the blends but a decrease in the Young’s modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Biaxially oriented films showed an increase in tensile strength, modulus, and strain-at-break.
Enzymatic labeling of arbitrary proteins.

This paper describes an enzymatic labeling technique (ELT), using transglutaminases. On the basis of the ELT, isotopic nuclei are easily incorporated into the γ-carboxyamide groups of glutamine residues in arbitrary proteins, without changing their chemical structures. We have also shown that, by using ELT, protein aggregation was easily checked for NMR studies and that it can be applicable for the screening of weakly bound ligands for proteins. Owing to the simple preparation of the isotope-labeled proteins, ELT should be useful for speeding up various structural and functional analyses of arbitrary proteins.
Quarterly Earnings Announcements and Market Risk Adjustments

We examine (1) whether there is a shift in beta for individual securities around quarterly earnings announcements, and (2) whether these beta changes relate to certain characteristics of the firms. We find a statistically significant upward (downward) beta shift during the two-day earnings announcement period for 25 per cent (9 per cent) of a sample of 195 US firms. We also find that the beta shift at the time of the earnings announcement is significantly higher for small firms (i.e., more precise announcements).
Optional production and utilization of polysaccharide by Aeromonas hydrophila

Glucans from the fish pathogen Aeromonas hydrophila have been extracted andpurified by a method utilizing phenol/water followed by sodium deoxycholate rather than the traditional sodium hydroxide extraction. Presence of substantial amounts of these glucans was shown to be dependant on whether or not the substrate contained dextrose, a point which had import because of the low carbohydrate environment in which this species must survive and multiply. These glucans, produced in the log phase, were utilized during the later growth period.
Cholesteryl esters in flue-cured tobacco.

Nach Hydrolyse wurde Cholesterol von einem Sterolester-Bruchteil aus dem «flue-cured» Tabak isoliert und massenspektrometrisch sein Acetat-Derivat einwandfrei festgestellt, obwohl die einzelnen Ester von Cholesterol im Tabak nicht gereinigt oder identifiziert wurden. Zur Isolierung wurden die Zwei-Stufen-Gegenstromverteilung und die Gel-Permeationschromatographie verwendet, 2 brauchbare und wenig aggressive Methoden zur Aufteilung eines komplexen Extraktes in Materialgruppen und nachfolgender gewohnlicher chromatographischer Bearbeitung.
Outranking methods for multicriterion decision making: Arrow’s and Raynaud’s conjecture

Outranking methods constitute a class of ordinal ranking algorithms for multicriterion decision making. This paper is concerned with four such methods: Kohler’s primal and dual algorithms, and Arrow–Raynaud’s primal and dual algorithms. Arrow and Raynaud made the conjecture that these four methods yield the totality of “prudent orders” whenever the outranking matrix has the “constant sum” property. This paper shows that their conjecture is not valid.
Ultrasmall Sub-10 nm Near-Infrared Fluorescent Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

Ultrasmall sub-10 nm nanoprobes and carriers are of significant interest due to their favorable biodistribution characteristics in in vivo experiments. Here we describe the one-pot synthesis of PEGylated mesoporous silica nanoparticles with a single pore, tunable sizes around 9 nm and narrow size distributions that can be labeled with near-infrared dye Cy5.5. Particles are characterized by a combination of transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, optical spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and nitrogen sorption/desorption measurements. The possibility to distinguish an “inside” and “outside” may render these particles an interesting subject for further studies in sensing, drug delivery, and theranostics applications.
The rice psb-A chloroplast gene has a standard location

The chloroplast DNA-encoded gene psbA codes for the 32 kD protein of photosystem II. It has been mapped in several monocots to a location in the large single copy segment very near to the end of one of the inverted repeats present in the chloroplast genome of most land plants. The psbA gene of rice has been located much further from the inverted repeat, suggesting that rice differs from related species in the location of this gene. Indirect evidence reported here suggests that this gene actually maps to the usual cereal location, at least in the seven varieties tested, which include representatives of three subspecies.
Quality attributes of vegetable soybean as a function of boiling time and condition

Summary Vegetable soybeans are marketed fresh or frozen, either shelled or in pods. The objective of this research was to characterise the change in quality attributes of vegetable soybean with boiling time (0–20 min), and presence/absence of pods, using an electrical-resistance stove or a steam-jacketed kettle. Trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA), texture, colour, soluble sugars, nitrogen, calcium and iron content were analysed. Blanching using a steam-jacketed kettle for approximately 2 min rendered 80% inactivation of TIA, and resulted in high colour, texture and sucrose. There were no differences between blanching in pods or shelled for TIA, colour and texture; however, blanching in pods prevented losses of sucrose. Blanching did not affect iron, mono- and oligosaccharide levels, but increased nitrogen and calcium content. Additionally, we observed that all traits decreased linearly with cooking time when using an electrical-resistance stove, except for calcium and nitrogen that increased, and oligosaccharides that remained constant.
Intracranial pressure response to induced hypertension: role of dynamic pressure autoregulation.

OBJECTIVE Induced hypertension is commonly used to improve cerebral perfusion, but this treatment may have the deleterious side effect of raising intracranial pressure (ICP). We tested the hypothesis that dynamic pressure autoregulation testing could identify patients who might develop increased ICP during induced hypertension. METHODS Twenty-two studies were performed in 21 patients. Baseline dynamic testing of autoregulation by cuff deflation and carotid compression techniques was performed. After phenylephrine was infused to increase mean arterial pressure by 20 to 30 mm Hg, cuff deflation tests were repeated. RESULTS The average increase in mean arterial pressure was 32.2 +/- 16.1 mm Hg. This increase was accompanied by increased flow velocity (P < 0.001), brain tissue PO2 (P = 0.011), and regional cerebral blood flow (P = 0.008). Also, dynamic pressure autoregulation consistently improved (P = 0.015). Induced hypertension caused increased ICP (iICP) in 12 patients and a decrease in ICP (dICP) in 9. Baseline jugular venous oxygen saturation in the iICP group was 82 +/- 10% compared with 70 +/- 10% in dICP patients (P = 0.02). Baseline dynamic autoregulatory index for the cuff deflation tests (1.8 +/- 1.4) and baseline transient hyperemic response ratio for the carotid compression tests (1.11 +/- 0.07) were significantly lower in iICP patients (dICP group: autoregulatory index 3.2 +/- 1.7, P = 0.06; transient hyperemic response ratio 1.26 +/- 0.11, P = 0.009). Flow velocity increased more with the increase in blood pressure in the iICP group than in the dICP group: 19.0 +/- 6.8 cm/s versus 10.2 +/- 6.3 cm/s (P = 0.007). CONCLUSION The patients who had an increase in ICP with induced hypertension had a greater degree of impairment of autoregulation and induced hypertension resulted in a greater increase in flow velocity.
Estimating and Reducing Errors in MOS Dosimeters Caused by Exposure to Different Radiations

This paper is concerned with the errors that can result because of charge recombination differences in the SiO2 layer of a PMOS transistor that is to be employed as an integrating dosimeter aboard an earth-orbiting satellite. The space radiation environment consists mostly of electrons and protons of various energies. These electrons and protons will produce tracks with different ionization densities in the SiO2. Consequently there will be differences in the amount of charge recombination, and these differences will be reflected as errors in the dose measurements. Data have been obtained on the devices for different radiations. Saturation curves relating the shift in threshold voltage, ?VT, per krad (SiO2) as a function of gate bias during irradiation, VG, are obtained for devices exposed to Co-60 gamma rays, electrons with a most probable energy of 7 MeV, 37-MeV protons, and Cu X rays. A renormalization procedure is applied to the saturation curves in order to remove from consideration the confusing effects caused by systematic errors in the dosimetry. The resulting set of curves then permit the determination of the errors in dose measurement associated with only charge recombination. From these data the allowable range of gate bias is determined that will result in reasonably accurate measurements of dose in the space radiation environment. For a given choice of gate bias, the set of renormalized curves also yields an objective estimate of the possible error associated with differences in charge recombination.
Saturation of postsynaptic receptors at central synapses

A fundamental issue in synaptic physiology is whether the postsynaptic response to a quantum of transmitter is limited by the number of receptors available. Fierce debate over the past few years has yielded no consensus. The majority of evidence suggests that the degree of receptor occupancy is likely to be sensitive to a number of factors, including the detailed anatomy of the synaptic cleft and the time course of transmitter clearance, and is probably different from one synapse to the next.
Effect of response format on endorsement of eating disordered attitudes and behaviors.

Objective: The present study was designed to compare response rates on a standard self-report questionnaire that was nominally anonymous to an unmatched count questionnaire that allowed for true anonymity in responding. Method: Four hundred and fifty-four college students were asked about several topics, including attitudes towards weight and shape, dieting, and eating disordered behavior using one of two response formats; either a standard questionnaire in true-false format or an unmatched count questionnaire that did not require participants to directly answer sensitive questions. Results: Both males and females had significantly different rates of endorsement between the two methods of assessment on the majority of the eating-related questions. Conclusion: Response format and degree of anonymity affect endorsement of eating-related thoughts and behaviors. Understanding response bias is critical to determining accurate rates of eating disordered thoughts and behaviors. V C 2006