cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Use of Treatment and Counseling Services and Mind‐Body Techniques by Students With Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties

BACKGROUND School-based treatment and counseling services (TCSs) can integrate mind-body techniques (MBTs) to improve children's health, wellness, and academic performance. We aimed to describe the effect of school-based TCS on MBT-use among students experiencing difficulties with concentration, emotions, behaviors, and getting along (DCEBG). METHODS National Health Interview Survey data were utilized (N2007 = 1225; N2012 = 1835). Logistic regression examined associations between TCS-type and MBT-use, while propensity score matching controlled for confounders in the prematch sample. RESULTS Compared with children without DCEBG, MBT-use was higher among children with DCEBG, but it decreased from 2007 (9.7%) to 2012 (5.1%). Receipt of school-based TCS increased from 2007 (11.3%) to 2012 (33.9%). Receipt of school-only TCS, compared with nonschool-only TCS, was associated with lower MBT-use (OR2007 = 0.20; OR2012 = 0.54). After matching, this difference remained for 2007 (tprematch = −2.77; tpostmatch = −2.00), but not 2012 (tprematch = −2.53; tpostmatch = −0.88). School-only TCS-use increased with family activity limitations; in 2012, it decreased with higher parental education. Mind-body techniques-use was higher in girls and associated with higher parental education and family activity limitations. CONCLUSIONS While the relative increase of MBT integration by school-based TCS is commendable and further encouraged, school mental health practitioners should account for the differential effects of family-level factors on TCS-choice and MBT-use.
Abstract 81: End-Stage Human Failing Heart Increases Functional Cardiac Progenitor Cells

Background: Human cases of end-stage heart failure provide the rare opportunity to test whether the cells within these hearts exhibit different phenotypic characteristics than those in healthy hearts. We tested whether the failing heart, as it reverses to a well-known fetal reprogramming state, also compensates by increasing the number of functional cardiac progenitor cells. Methods and Results: We examined samples from end-stage human failing hearts and also normal human hearts to quantitate the expression of various cardiac progenitor markers, by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry and RT-PCR. We further tested whether the cardiac progenitor cells were functional in a rodent model of myocardial infarction. All the failing end-stage hearts (N=13) reversed to a fetal state by switching their myosin heavy chain isoforms from beta to alpha. Additionally, atrial natriuretic factor was increased. Compared to normal congenital myocardium, failing end-stage hearts had a 2 to 5 fold increase in the number of C-kit+ and ISL-1+ cardiac progenitor cells (P Conclusion: Our results show an increase of progenitor cells within the end-stage heart that have the functional potential to regenerate the myocardium. Stimulating the differentiation and increasing the population of cardiac progenitor cells may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for these end-stage hearts.
MRI based automated diagnosis of Alzheimer's: Fusing 3D wavelet-features with clinical data

This paper presents a novel algorithm for classification of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) from the healthy controls (HC) using structural MRI. Feature extraction is based on discrete 3D wavelet transform followed by PCA for transforming the feature space into linearly uncorrelated variables. Linear SVM is used for classification purposes with clinical dementia rating used as the target vector. Proposed methodology is fully automated and independent of the annotation of region of interest. The importance of MRI, demographical data, neuro-psychiatric test scores and statistics calculated over the wavelet coefficients for the classification is studied. Proposed methodology is applied on 197 subjects from a public database. A classification accuracy of 95% was achieved for the case of HC vs AD. For the case of HC vs MCI, and MCI vs AD the classification accuracy of 78% and 81% were achieved. The results are compared with an existing state of the art technique.
Nanoscale view of assisted ion transport across the liquid-liquid interface.

During solvent extraction, amphiphilic extractants assist the transport of metal ions across the liquid–liquid interface between an aqueous ionic solution and an organic solvent. Investigations of the role of the interface in ion transport challenge our ability to probe fast molecular processes at liquid–liquid interfaces on nanometer-length scales. Recent development of a thermal switch for solvent extraction has addressed this challenge, which has led to the characterization by X-ray surface scattering of interfacial intermediate states in the extraction process. Here, we review and extend these earlier results. We find that trivalent rare earth ions, Y(III) and Er(III), combine with bis(hexadecyl) phosphoric acid (DHDP) extractants to form inverted bilayer structures at the interface; these appear to be condensed phases of small ion–extractant complexes. The stability of this unconventional interfacial structure is verified by molecular dynamics simulations. The ion–extractant complexes at the interface are an intermediate state in the extraction process, characterizing the moment at which ions have been transported across the aqueous–organic interface, but have not yet been dispersed in the organic phase. In contrast, divalent Sr(II) forms an ion–extractant complex with DHDP that leaves it exposed to the water phase; this result implies that a second process that transports Sr(II) across the interface has yet to be observed. Calculations demonstrate that the budding of reverse micelles formed from interfacial Sr(II) ion–extractant complexes could transport Sr(II) across the interface. Our results suggest a connection between the observed interfacial structures and the extraction mechanism, which ultimately affects the extraction selectivity and kinetics.
One-sided Hopf algebras and quantum quasigroups

We study the connections between one-sided Hopf algebras and one-sided quantum quasigroups, tracking the four possible invertibility conditions for the left and right composite morphisms that combi...
El uso de expansores tisulares en cirugía reconstructiva : descripción de un caso clínico

Los expansores tisulares son instrumentos empleados frecuentemente en cirugia reconstructiva humana, pero su uso en cirugia veterinaria es extremadamente infrecuente. Este articulo pretende presentar algunos aspectos generales de su uso en cirugia humana, discutir sus posibles usos en cirugia veterinaria y descubrir su utilizacion con exito en un caso clinico.
CSCL, Argumentation, and Deweyan Inquiry

This collection represents something of a departure from prior work on argumentation. There is, for example, an established literature concerned with how argumentation is structured (cf., Anderson, et al., 1997; Eemeren et al., 1996). There are related research traditions devoted to developmental aspects of argumentation (e.g., Felton & Kuhn, 2001; Stein & Bernas, 1999) and exploring the relationship between argumentation and abstract reasoning skills (e.g., Chinn & Anderson, 1998; Kuhn, Shaw, & Felton, 1997; Stein & Miller, 1993). Research on argumentation within the CSCL community, however, has had a somewhat different orientation. As reflected in the chapters here and elsewhere,2 CSCL researchers have focused on (1) how argumentation can be exploited as a site for learning generally and (2) how learning accomplished in this way might be augmented using technology. The goal, therefore, is one of fostering productive argumentation in instructional settings. Several of the chapters, however, testify to the difficulties attendant to facilitating such forms of argumentation among learners.
Rethinking Method: The Reflective Reconstruction of History

The previous chapters have been an attempt to transcend the limitations of viewing Marxism as an either/or proposition. That is, it has been customary to view Marxism as either a critical social theory (Critical Marxism: Lukacs, Korsch, the Frankfurt School, Sartre, Goldmann, etc.) or a science (Scientific Marxism: Althusser, Godelier, Poulantzas, Therborn, etc.).1 Both perspectives have different views regarding knowledge, truth, ideology, the nature of science, social action, the possibility of revolutionary change, etc. Korsch, Colletti, Merleau-Ponty, Aron, Markovic, Anderson, and Gouldner have been aware for some time of the existence of the two perspectives of Marxism. The two Marxisms have evolved from the confusions and apparent contradictions within and between Marx’ works. On the one hand, they see the Marx who stresses the notions of praxis, self-consciousness, and revolutionary change, that is, the Marx of the Manuscripts and the ‘Theses on Feuerbach’. The other Marx is the scientific investigator who is studying “the natural laws of capitalist production … these laws are in themselves the tendencies which work out with an iron law of necessity towards an inevitable goal.”
Overchoice and Decision Avoidance

Jenna was a 23-year-old woman who was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (MS) after she presented with tingling in her hands and feet. Her neurologist provided her with a list of treatment options as follows:
Bayesian inference for the common location parameter of several shifted-exponential populations

Abstract Consider k random samples which are independently drawn from k shifted-exponential distributions, with respective scale parameters σ 1 , σ 2 , … , σ k and common location parameter θ . On the basis of the given samples and in a Bayesian framework, we address the problem of point and interval estimation of the location parameter θ under the conjugate priors, which are usually proper priors. Moreover, we also address the problem of testing the equality of the location parameters. We propose Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures for the equality of the location parameters under the noninformative prior. The noninformative prior is usually improper which yields a calibration problem that makes the Bayes factor to be defined up to a multiplicative constant. So we propose the default Bayesian hypothesis testing procedures based on the fractional Bayes factor and the intrinsic Bayes factors under the reference priors. Our proposed Bayesian procedures are compared and contrasted, via a comparison study, a simulation study, and a real-world data analysis, to the existing classical exact procedures proposed by Tippett (Tippett’s method (Tippett, 1931)), Fisher (Fisher’s method (Fisher, 1932)), Stouffer (Inverse normal method (Stouffer et al., 1949)), and George (Logit method (George, 1977)), and to the generalized variable procedures proposed by Tsui and Weerahandi (Generalized p-value method (Tsui and Weerahandi, 1989)).
Inclusion of children in the initial conversation about their cancer diagnosis: impact on parent experiences of the communication process

Including children in medical conversations is considered the standard of care for children with cancer. However, previous qualitative research has raised concerns about how the child’s presence impacts the parent’s communication experience. The current study examines the frequency and impact of child presence during a serious medical conversation on the parent’s communication experience in pediatric oncology. Three hundred sixty parents of children newly diagnosed with cancer completed questionnaires assessing the child’s presence during the initial conversation with the oncologist about diagnosis and treatment and parental communication experiences. Primary oncologists completed a survey question about the child’s prognosis. Sixty-one percent of children were present during the initial conversation, with lowest rates among children aged 3–6 (44%) and 7–12 (44%). Child presence was not associated with parents’ reports that they received prognostic information (p = 0.20), high-quality information (p = 0.19), or high-quality communication about the child’s cancer (p = 1.0). The parent’s communication experience is not diminished by the choice to include the child. Given the bioethical imperative to include children in conversations about serious illness whenever possible, this concern should not be used to exclude children, but rather to give parents additional time of their own when needed to fully process decisions.
Exploring Student Experiences With the Cohort Model in an Executive EdD Program in the Southeastern United States

For mid- to upper-level administrators in higher education who are well-established in their careers and attempting to balance the multiple responsibilities of school, work, and family, an executiv...
Walk Score and objectively measured physical activity within a national cohort.

Background There have been mixed findings regarding the relationship between walkability and level of physical activity in adults. Methods Participants from The REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) national cohort (N=7561) were used to examine the association between Walk Score and physical activity measured via accelerometry. The subsample included geographically diverse adults, who identified as black or white, and were over the age of 45. Linear regression was used to examine the direct effects, as well as the interaction, of Walk Score by sex, age and race. Results The majority of participants lived in a ‘Very Car-Dependent’ location (N=4115). Only 527 lived in a location that was ‘Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise’. Living in a location with a Walk Score of ‘Very Car-Dependent’ compared with ‘Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise’ was associated with 19% (0.81; 95% CI 0.73 to 0.90) lower predicted minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per day, after adjustment for covariates. There was no evidence of statistically significant interactions between Walk Score and sex, age or race (p>0.05). Conclusion Accumulated daily time in moderate to vigorous physical activity was higher for participants living in neighbourhoods designated as ‘Very Walkable/Walker’s Paradise’. This effect was not moderated by sex, age or race of participants.
Law and the Holy Experiment in Colonial Pennsylvania

Religious liberty is a core component of America’s legal culture. William Penn, the Quaker founder and proprietor of colonial Pennsylvania, played an indispensable role in ensuring that it is. Indeed, Thomas Jefferson — the author of one of the most celebrated religious liberty laws in American history, the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom of 1786 — described Penn as “the greatest lawgiver the world has produced, the first in either ancient or modern times who has laid the foundation of govmt in the pure and unadulterated principles of peace of reason and right.” Jefferson was correct. After all, the commitment to liberty of conscience that characterized colonial Pennsylvania traced directly to Penn’s vision, example, and determination: Pennsylvania enacted more laws about religious tolerance than any other British American colony, both before and after Penn’s death. Delaware, which Penn also owned and which constituted the “lower counties” of Pennsylvania until it became an independent state in 1776, likewise enacted religiously tolerant laws even when Penn permitted it to govern itself with a separate assembly after 1704. Although generations of scholars have explored the political and social history of Penn’s “Holy Experiment,” no one has examined how colonial Pennsylvania used law to ensure its success. This article endeavors to do that through an exegesis of Pennsylvania’s charter, colonial constitutions, statutes, and judicial decisions.
Nutrition in Gastrointestinal Disease: Liver, Pancreatic, and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Liver, pancreatic, and inflammatory bowel diseases are often associated with nutritional difficulties and necessitate an adequate nutritional therapy in order to support the medical treatment. As most patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are overweight or obese, guidelines recommend weight loss and physical activity to improve liver enzymes and avoid liver cirrhosis. In contrast, patients with alcoholic steatohepatitis or liver cirrhosis have a substantial risk for protein depletion, trace elements deficiency, and thus malnutrition. Patients with chronic pancreatitis and patients with inflammatory bowel disease have a similar risk for malnutrition. Therefore, it clearly is important to screen these patients for malnutrition with established tools and initiate adequate nutritional therapy. If energy and protein intake are insufficient with regular meals, oral nutritional supplements or artificial nutrition, i.e., tube feeding or parenteral nutrition, should be used to avoid or treat malnutrition. However, the oral route should be preferred over enteral or parenteral nutrition. Acute liver failure and acute pancreatitis are emergencies, which require close monitoring for the treatment of metabolic disturbances. In most patients, energy and protein requirements are increased. In acute pancreatitis, the former recommendation of fasting is obsolete. Each disease is discussed in this manuscript and special recommendations are given according to the pathophysiology and clinical routine.
Identifying predictors of antimicrobial exposure in hospitalized patients using a machine learning approach.

Aims Analysis and tracking of antimicrobial utilization (AU) are crucial in antimicrobial stewardship efforts which are used to find effective interventions for controlling antimicrobial resistance. In antimicrobial stewardship, standard risk adjustment models are needed for benchmarking appropriate AU and for fair inter-facility comparison. In this study we identify patient- and facility-level predictors of antimicrobial usage in hospitalized patients using a machine learning approach, which can be used to inform a risk adjustment model to facilitate assessment of AU. To our knowledge, this is the first time machine learning has been applied for this purpose. Methods and results Patient admission records were retrieved from the Duke Antimicrobial Stewardship Outreach Network which include clinical data for 27 community hospitals in the southeastern United States. Candidate features (predictors) were then generated from these records. The number of features was reduced using a statistical approach, and missing values of the reduced feature set were imputed using bootstrapping and expectation-maximization algorithm. Finally, support vector regression (SVR) and cubist regression (CB) models were applied to find root-mean-square error values which were used to evaluate the selected feature set. The performance of the SVR and CB models was found to be better than that of linear null and negative binomial null models, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of our selected features. Conclusions Relevant patient- and facility-level predictors of antimicrobial usage in days of therapy were obtained and evaluated. The potential predictor set can be used in risk adjustment strategies for benchmarking antimicrobial use. Significance and impact of the study One reason for the rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance is inappropriate use of antibiotics in hospitalized patients. Identifying predictors of antimicrobial exposure using a machine learning technique can improve the use of AU, enhance patient health outcomes, and reduce the infection spread caused by antimicrobial-resistant organisms.
Rotational Tibio-Pelvic Constrained Hip Arthroplasty: A Surgical Technique: A Case Report.

Case A 25-year-old man presented with chronic bone and soft tissue infection of the right thigh following resection and radiation of epithelioid sarcoma. Multiple revisions and debridement procedures had failed to control the infection and left him unable to ambulate. We describe a modified Van Nes rotationplasty using a constrained, prosthetic hip between the tibia and pelvis following femur resection. With 18 months of follow-up, the patient was able to walk with a prosthetic device without evidence of recurrent infection. Conclusions We report this rotationplasty as a potential approach to avoid hip disarticulation in cases requiring extensive debridement for incurable infection.
Trajectory analysis of sleep maintenance problems in midlife women before and after surgical menopause: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).

Objective Investigate temporal patterns of sleep maintenance problems in women who became surgically menopausal (hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy) before their final menstrual period and examine whether presurgery trajectories of sleep maintenance problems are related to problems staying asleep postsurgery. Methods Longitudinal analysis of sleep self-reports collected every 1 to 2 years from 1996 to 2013 from 176 surgically menopausal women in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a seven-site community-based, multiethnic/multiracial, cohort study. Median follow-up was 15.3 years (4.2 years presurgery, 10.2 years postsurgery). Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify patterns of problems staying asleep, and the presurgery trajectories were used to predict similar postsurgery sleep problems. Results Four trajectory patterns of sleep maintenance problems were identified: low (33.5% of women), moderate (33.0%), increasing during presurgery (19.9%), and high (13.6%). One-fifth of women reported a presurgery increase in these problems. Postsurgically, problems staying asleep remained associated with similar levels of presurgical problems, even after adjusting for postsurgical early morning awakening, frequent vasomotor symptoms, and bodily pain score (βlow = -1.716, βmoderate = -1.144, βincreasing = -0.957, βhigh = -1.021; all P values Conclusions Sleep maintenance problems were relatively stable across time postsurgery. These data are remarkably consistent with our trajectory results across the natural menopause, suggesting that presurgical assessment of sleep concerns could help guide women's expectations postsurgically. Although reassuring that sleep complaints do not worsen postsurgically for most surgically menopausal women, referral to a sleep specialist should be considered if sleep symptoms persist or worsen after surgery.
A Mixed-Initiative Conversational Dialogue System for Healthcare

We present a mixed initiative conversational dialogue system designed to address primarily mental health care concerns related to military deployment. It is supported by a new information-state based dialogue manager, FLoReS (Forward-Looking, Reward Seeking dialogue manager), that allows both advanced, flexible, mixed initiative interaction, and efficient policy creation by domain experts. To easily reach its target population this dialogue system is accessible as a web application.
Tuning electrochemical and transport processes to achieve extreme performance and efficiency in solid oxide cells

Solid oxide cells (SOCs) have important applications as fuel cells and electrolyzers. The application for storage of renewable electricity is also becoming increasingly relevant; however, it is difficult to meet stringent area-specific resistance (ASR) and long-term stability targets needed to achieve required efficiency and cost. Here we show a new SOC that utilizes a very thin Gd-doped ceria (GDC)/yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) bi-layer electrolyte, Ni–YSZ cell support with enhanced porosity, and electrode surface modification using PrOx and GDC nanocatalysts to achieve unprecedented low ASR values < 0.1 Ω cm2, fuel cell power density ∼3 W cm−2, and electrolysis current density ∼4 A cm−2 at 800 °C. Besides this exceptionally high performance, fuel cell and electrolysis life tests suggest very promising stability in fuel cell and steam electrolysis modes. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis done using a novel impedance subtraction method shows how rate-limiting electrode processes are impacted by the new SOC materials and design.
Moderation and the liberal state: David Hume's history of England

Abstract Historical examples can often serve as more persuasive evidence, especially to the general public, than the most well-reasoned theory. It is not surprising then that in the later part of his career, David Hume chose this medium to communicate his philosophy. Hume's intentions and the outcomes of writing The History of England are well worth revisiting periodically. In this work, Hume cleverly uses political esotericism to push forward his two overarching goals. The primary goal was to disseminate the philosophy that harmony lies near the middle, at least in regard to political authority. This belief does not require all those who are governed and those who govern to be moderate in their views. In fact, on many subjects, Hume did not hold a view anywhere near the center; he merely promoted the notion that society should be governed somewhere near the median. If one wished to push governmental authority in one direction or the other, a society's culture must be pushed in that direction at the same time to avoid the instability that can lead to tyranny. Hume's secondary goal was to push the median view of his society toward one that favored a liberal state, a state that could only be sustainable if Hume's primary goal was achieved.
Deep Neural Network Modeling for Phenotypic Prediction of Metagenomic Samples

The increasing popularity of metagenomic sequencing has resulted in a plethora of 16S RNA and whole genome sequence data available. Microbes play an important role in the health and disease of humans, pets, and livestock. Characterizing such microbes and their relative abundances are important to identify sample phenotypes such as disease. In the past, machine learning based methods have been applied for prediction of host disease status and overall health based on taxonomic abundance profiles. Here we utilize deep neural network modeling with taxonomic profiles for faster, precise, and effective prediction of metagenomic sample phenotypes.
Mega infrastructure as a dynamic ecosystem: Lessons from America’s interstate system and Boston’s big dig

Infrastructure development has become a subject of interest to governments in every corner of the world from India’s smart cities, to China’s South-to-North Water Transfer Project to Africa’s Trans...
Scheduling Mission Reconfiguration for an Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar Using Deep Reinforcement Learning

This paper presents a method to effectively adapt the baseline of a synthetic aperture radar based on Deep Reinforcement Learning in distributed Earth observation missions. We describe the approach, which uses the Proximal Policy Optimization algorithm and provides initial results for a toy example built around a hypothetical mission to measure the vertical structure of forests using a formation of 7 satellites carrying L-band synthetic aperture radars. We demonstrate that using a reward function based on expected science return over time and fuel usage; our Deep Reinforcement Learning planner can create plans with positive scientific returns while minimizing fuel usage.
Distributed de novo assembler for large-scale long-read datasets

Third-generation DNA sequencing technologies such as single-molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT) and nanopore sequencing have the potential to fill the gaps in the existing genome databases since the raw sequences produced by these machines are much longer than those of previous generations and therefore result in more contiguous assemblies. However, these long reads have a high error rate, which makes the assembly process computationally challenging. Moreover, since existing long-read assemblers are designed to run on a single machine, they either take days to complete or run out of memory on even moderate-sized datasets. In this paper, we present a distributed long-read assembler that can assemble large-scale noisy sequence datasets on thousands of cores, resulting in orders of magnitude faster assembly times. By effectively using the map-reduce computation model with a distributed hash-map, both built using a high-performance active messaging middleware, we can assemble a PacBio human genome dataset with 139 billion base-pairs (about 130 GB) in about 33 minutes (using 2,560 cores) compared to more than 38 hours (using 28 cores) with the current state-of-the-art assembler.
Sleep-wake characteristics, daytime sleepiness, and glycemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes.

Study Objectives:The purpose of this study was to describe objective sleep-wake characteristics and glycemia over 7–14 days in young adults with type 1 diabetes. In addition, person-level associati...
New insights into the immunity and podocyte in glomerular health and disease: From pathogenesis to therapy in proteinuric kidney disease

Evidence has been furnished that immune cells, and immune-podocytes interactions have increasingly become the focus of proteinuric kidney diseases, which affect millions of patients worldwide. Podocytes are highly specialized, terminally differentiated epithelial cells that wrap around the glomerulus to maintain the integrity of the glomerular filtration barrier. More recent studies demonstrate that podocytes express many elements of the innate and adaptive immune system including the complement components and receptors, through which podocytes can be involved in immune-mediated glomerular injuries and as a therapeutic target to alleviate the podocyte injury and progression to chronic kidney disease. The present review will shed light on recent findings, which have furthered our understanding of the immune mechanisms involved in podocyte injury, as well as the therapeutic implications in the treatment of immune-mediated glomerular injury.
Empirical Evidence on Robot Taxation: Literature Review and Technical Analysis

The literature on robot taxation has continued to expand since 2018 with numerous articles now referring to empirical evidence. The evidence presented in prior studies comprises abstract modeling and statistical pattern reviews with no statistically significant findings reported to date. One article is an advocacy piece by a tech lobbyist who has purchased priority Google results for the search “robot taxation”. In some cases, technical errors are sufficient to reverse the stated results. Examples of error in empirical analyses include (i) motivated reasoning such as the failure to model simpler or best explanations (ii) lack of causal analysis (iii) tax technical errors (iv) omission of citations to conflicting theory or results (v) errors in accounting methods (vi) enhanced degrees of freedom in modeling parameters, and (vii) reliance on economic theories not reflecting robots as a fourth factor of production. The empirical evidence indicates that capital investment, such as in robots, occurs largely in higher tax nations, and that robot density is positively associated with high corporate tax rates, such as in Germany, Japan, South Korea and the Nordic states, with little or no automation occurring in tax havens where the value of tax deductions for capital investment is zero.
The Identification of Heroin and Three Structurally Related Isoheroins

Heroin and three structurally related isomers were studied. The configurational assignments of the structural isomers supported from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data are discussed. Infrared spectroscopy spectra are also presented. Gas chromatography procedures using packed and capillary systems demonstrated how the isomers could be best fully resolved.
Forgiveness and Health: Age Differences in a U.S. Probability Sample

Forgiveness is a variable closely related to religiousness and spirituality that has been hypothesized to be protective of mental and physical health. However, we do not clearly understand which aspects of forgiveness are most clearly associated with health outcomes, and the conditions under which these relationships occur. This study used national probability data to systematically examine age differences in the association between forgiveness, religiousness/ spirituality, and respondent reports of mental and physical health. Results showed age differences in the levels of forgiveness of others and feeling forgiven by God. In both cases, middle and old age adults showed higher levels of these forms of forgiveness than young adults. Furthermore, the relationship between forgiveness of others and respondent reports of mental and physical health varies by age. Forgiveness of others was more strongly related to self-reported mental and physical health for middle and old age adults than for young adults.
Solution of the density classification problem with two cellular automata rules

Recently, Land and Belew [Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 5148 (1995)] have shown that no one-dimensional two-state cellular automaton which classifies binary strings according to their densities of 1's and 0's can be constructed. We show that a pair of elementary rules, namely the ``traffic rule'' 184 and the ``majority rule'' 232, performs the task perfectly. This solution employs the second order phase transition between the freely moving phase and the jammed phase occurring in rule 184. We present exact calculations of the order parameter in this transition using the method of preimage counting.
Finding Persephone: Women's Rituals in the Ancient Mediterranean

Reviewed Medium: book Year: 2007 Pages: 352 Publisher: Indiana University Press ISBN: 978-0-253-34954-5 (hard cover). Prices: $65.00 USD(hard cover).
Local Control and Long-term Survival for Patients with a Single Brain Metastasis Treated with Surgery followed by Stereotactic Radiosurgery to the Resection Cavity

Results: The second course of WBRT was administered upon radiographic disease progression, and 13 patients suffered from symptoms. Average KPS prior to reirradiation was 82. Four patients had also received additional intracranial radiation therapy after initial WBRT. Seven patients experienced complete or partial symptom resolution, while 2 did not show clinical improvement. At 3-month follow-up, 8 patients had died, 3 had a worsened performance status, and 5 had stable KPS. Average KPS in those still living was 85. Time to radiographic progression was 5.5 months in 10 patients who were scanned before death. Six patients received additional SRS after retreatment. Median overall survival was 30 months. Median survival time after initiation of the second course of WBRT was 4 months (mean: 8.4, range: 1-27). In 5 patients with stable extracranial disease, median survival time after retreatment was 20 months (mean: 16, range: 3-27), with 1 patient still living (27 months post-RT), while those with systemic disease progression had a median survival of 3 months (mean: 5, range: 1-26). Adverse reactions that may be attributable to WBRT occurred in 3 patients and included short-term memory difficulty, cognitive impairment, weakness, and fatigue. One patient suffered from side effects secondary to additional SRS treatment.
Reflex heart rate control in man.

Abstract In summary, the relative roles of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems in baroreceptor reflex heart rate control have been studied in eleven normal young men. These data have been compared to the results of similar studies in a heart transplant subject. The findings indicate that in normal conscious men, reflex parasympathetic stimulation and withdrawal primarily control heart rate responses to changes in blood pressure. Beta-adrenergic activity, while influencing basal heart rate plays little, if any, role in baroreceptor reflex heart rate control. The Valsalva maneuver may be used as an effective measure of parasympathetic integrity but it may not be used as a reliable index of sympathetic integrity. The pharmacologically denervated heart is similar in terms of reflex responses to the surgically denervated heart in conscious man. The heart rate responses to Valsalva maneuver, amyl nitrite inhalation, and phenylephrine infusion should be reliable indices of parasympathetic reinnervation of the transplanted heart should reinnervation occur.
A low jitter, low cost, time-of-flight circuit

A low-cost, low-jitter circuit has been developed for use in a neutron time-of-flight spectrometer at the Nova Laser Facility. Using a silicon charged-particle detector, amplifier, and constant-fraction discriminator, timing resolution of better than 50 ps FWHM has been achieved. Using an array of many such detectors, very high data rates and precise spectra can be obtained. >
Down regulation of the α-factor pheromone receptor in S. cerevisiae

Abstract The peptide pheromone, α-factor, was found to elicit down regulation of receptor sites on yeast a cell targets. Cellular uptake of α-factor accompanied the loss of receptor sites. Receptor-deficient a cells bearing a deletion of teh STE2 gene were unable to internalize α-factor. Cultures were found to reaccumulate receptor sites following the initial period of down regulation; reaccumulation was dependent upon protein synthesis. Pheromone-resistant mutants, ste4-3 and ste5-3 , retained the ability to down regulate receptors but failed to show reaccumulation. Our results suggest that α-factor-receptor complexes enter the cell by receptor-mediated endocytosis and that receptors are continuously lost and resynthesized in the presence of α-factor. We found no reduction of α-factor binding capacity in a cell cultures that had adapted to α-factor.
The effect of divalent cations on the leakage of sucrose from corn scutellum slices

Abstract During the incubation of corn scutellum slices in fructose, the presence of Ca 2+ , Mn 2+ or Mg 2+ in the bathing medium reduced the leakage ofsucrose (leakage A). Ca 2+ was particularly effective in this respect. Following a period of incubation in fructose, the subsequent leakage of sucrose into water (leakage B) was greatly reduced by the addition of either Ca 2+ or Mn 2+ to the aqueous bathing medium, whereas the addition of Mg 2+ to the bathing medium only slightly decreased this leakage. In order for Ca 2+ to be effective in inhibiting the leakage of sucrose, it had to be present in the medium into which leakage was occurring. During Ca 2+ -inhibition of leakage B, the sucrose of the synthesis compartment was stored in an area of the cell from which it would not leak into water or EDTA. Possible mechanisms for the effect of Ca 2+ on sucrose leakage are discussed.
The decay of the high mobility cation in cyclohexane

Abstract The decay of the high mobility cation of cyclohexane, produced by photoionization of anthracene in SF 6 saturated solutions of cyclohexane, is examined in detail. A Monte Carlo technique is used to simulate the observed d.c.-conductivity signal, on the basis that both high mobility and normal mobility ions are initial products of the photoionization. The proportion which best fits the experimental results is about 80% high mobility ions, and these ions decay with a rate constant of about 2.2×10 6 s -1 . This decay is predominantly due to either reaction with an impurity or some other transformation of high mobility ion which occurs in the pure solvent. The effects of various additives on the decay of the high mobility species have been determined and correlated with thermochemical properties of the species involved. The results give some support to the idea that the c-C 6 H + 13 ion is the high mobility ion and argue against c-C 6 H + 11 being responsible for the high mobility.
Structure-activity profiles of eleutherobin analogs and their cross-resistance in Taxol-resistant cell lines.

Purpose: Eleutherobin, a natural product, is an antimitotic agent that promotes the polymerization of stable microtubules. Although its mechanism of action is similar to that of Taxol, its structure is distinct. A structure-activity profile of synthetic eleutherobin derivatives that have modifications at C3, C8 and C15 was undertaken to define the structural requirements for microtubule stabilization and cross-resistance in Taxol-resistant cell lines. Methods: The biological activity of five eleutherobin analogs was assessed using three techniques; (1) cytotoxicity and drug-resistance in three paired Taxol-sensitive and -resistant cell lines; (2) polymerization of microtubule protein in vitro in the absence of GTP and (3) induction of microtubule bundle formation in NIH3T3 cells. Results: Eleutherobin had an IC50 value comparable to that of Taxol, whereas neo-eleutherobin, which has a carbohydrate domain that is enantiomeric with that of the parent compound, was less cytotoxic and had 69% of the maximum microtubule polymerization ability of eleutherobin. Both of these compounds exhibited cross-resistance in MDR1-expressing cell lines. Removal or replacement of the C15 sugar moiety resulted in reduced microtubule polymerization and cytotoxicity compared to eleutherobin and loss of cross-resistance in the cell lines SKVLB and J7-T3-1.6, both of which express high levels of P-glycoprotein. By contrast, removal of the urocanic acid group at C8 resulted in virtually complete abrogation of biological activity. The compound lost its ability to polymerize microtubules, and its cytotoxicity was reduced by a minimum of 2000-fold in lung carcinoma A549 cells. Conclusions: Removal or modification of the sugar moiety alters the cytotoxic potency of eleutherobin and its pattern of cross-resistance in Taxol-resistant cells, although such compounds retain a small percentage of the microtubule-stabilizing activity of eleutherobin. The N(1)-methylurocanic acid moiety of eleutherobin, or perhaps some other substituent at the C8 position, is essential for Taxol-like activity. These findings will be important for the future design and the synthesis of new and more potent eleutherobin derivatives.
Having your cake and eating it too: A note on some apparent contradictions between therapeutic achievements and design requirements in N=1 studies

This paper points out some apparent contradictions between the hopes (and findings) of the behavior therapist as clinician and as researcher.
Caries incidence in human primary teeth during the period of the mixed dentition.

Abstract Comprehensive dental examinations at annual intervals were carried out in 705 caucasoid children aged 7–10 yr at the time of the initial examination. Caries prevalence and incidence rates, as well as conventional D/F surface counts, were determined for primary molars and cuspids. Mean caries incidence rates are relatively stable in primary teeth until exfoliation. Rates were highest for second molars, followed by first molars and canines. Marked differences associated with sex were absent. Mean annual caries incidence rates were relatively stable while conventional D/F surface counts were extremely variable, thereby demonstrating an advantage of measuring caries prevalence and incidence by rates.
Gonadotropic antiserum effects in normal and irradiated female mice.

SummaryNormal and irradiated female mice were given gonadotropic antiserum. Controls received normal rabbit serum, sheep heart antiserum, or normal saline solution. After antihormone serum treatment ovarian and uterine weights were below those of controls. Ovaries of mice after injection of anti-hormone serum had fewer corpora lutea than did controls, and interstitial tissue gave evidence of diminished gonadotropic stimulation as indicated by increased frequency of cells indicative of gonadotropic deficiency. Uteri lacking histological evidence of stimulation were found most frequently in animals given antihormone serum. Ovaries and uteri of irradiated animals responded in essentially similar manner to treatment, but the response was more extreme. Irradiation and gonadotropic antiserum increased gonadotropic potency of pituitary glands; neither normal rabbit serum nor sheep heart antiserum had any effect. A pattern of vaginal cycling was observed after antihormone treatment which was not apparent in cycle...
Early conversion for gangrenous cholecystitis: impact on outcome

Early conversion from laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy for patients with gangrenous cholecystitis has been advocated. This study investigated the impact of early conversion on patient outcome. Data from all patients with gangrenous cholecystitis undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy between 1992 and 2002 whose procedure had been converted to open surgery were prospectively collected and analyzed. Morbidity, length of stay, intensive care unit admission, and operative time served as outcome measures. Of the 97 patients in the study, 33 underwent conversion to open cholecystectomy. The conversion was early for 24% of the patients, after the initial dissection, for 33% and after an extended attempt at completion of the laparoscopic cholecystectomy for 37%. There was no difference in the overall morbidity among the groups, whereas the length of hospital stay appeared to be longer in the early conversion group. The operative time was significantly shorter after early conversion (p < 0.01, chi-square test). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not feasible for all patients with gangrenous cholecystitis. However, a concerted effort to perform the cholecystectomy with the minimally invasive approach does not have an adverse impact on patient outcome and is likely to benefit patients although it poses a moderate risk of conversion.
Protracted abstinence from chronic ethanol exposure alters the structure of neurons and expression of oligodendrocytes and myelin in the medial prefrontal cortex

In rodents, chronic intermittent ethanol vapor exposure (CIE) produces alcohol dependence, alters the structure and activity of pyramidal neurons and decreases the number of oligodendroglial progenitors in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In this study, adult Wistar rats were exposed to seven weeks of CIE and were withdrawn from CIE for 21 days (protracted abstinence; PA). Tissue enriched in the mPFC was processed for Western blot analysis and Golgi-Cox staining to investigate the long-lasting effects of CIE on the structure of mPFC neurons and the levels of myelin-associated proteins. PA increased dendritic arborization within apical dendrites of pyramidal neurons. These changes occurred concurrently with hypophosphorylation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor 2B (NR2B) at Tyr-1472. PA increased myelin basic protein (MBP) levels which occurred concurrently with hypophosphorylation of the premyelinating oligodendrocyte bHLH transcription factor Olig2 in the mPFC. Given that PA is associated with increased sensitivity to stress and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation, and stress alters oligodendrocyte expression as a function of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) activation, the levels of total GR and phosphorylated GR were also evaluated. PA produced hypophosphorylation of the GR at Ser-232 without affecting expression of total protein. These findings demonstrate persistent and compensatory effects of ethanol in the mPFC long after cessation of CIE, including enhanced myelin production and impaired GR function. Collectively, these results suggest a novel relationship between oligodendrocytes and GR in the mPFC, in which stress may alter frontal cortex function in alcohol dependent subjects by promoting hypermyelination, thereby altering the cellular composition and white matter structure in the mPFC.
Scientific coring in the Lake Tahoe basin

Lake Tahoe ranks among the largest, oldest, and deepest lakes in North America. In addition, the lake is located at a major tectonic boundary These factors make the Lake Tahoe basin an exciting natural laboratory for studying the interaction between tectonics and climate in a high-altitude temperate setting. A recent meeting to explore the potential benefits of a comprehensive program of scientific coring in the Lake Tahoe basin attracted 67 researchers from 28 institutions. The meeting was supported by a grant from the Drilling, Observations, and Sampling of the Earth's Continental Crust (DOSECC) consortium with additional funding provided by the John Muir Institute for the Environment and the Tahoe Environmental Research Center at the University of California, Davis, the Institute for Geophysics and Planetary Physics at the University of California, San Diego, the Desert Research Institute in Reno, Nev, the Academy for the Environment of the University of Nevada, Reno, and the U.S. Geological Survey.