cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A brief review of studies and comments on ancient Egyptian biological relationships

A review of studies covering the biological relationship of the ancient Egyptians was undertaken. An overview of the data from the studies suggests that the major biological affinities of early southern Egyptians lay with tropical Africans. The range of indigenous tropical African phenotypes is great; and this range of variation must be considered in any discussion of the Nile Valley peoples. The early southern Egyptians belonged primarily to an African descent group which gained some Near Eastern affinity through gene flow with the passage of time.
Abnormalities of T-cell subpopulations in the blood and thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis

Abstract Subpopulations of T cells were quantitated in the blood and thymus of patients with myasthenia gravis. As compared to healthy donors, an increase in T lymphocytes bearing receptors for IgG (T G ) was found in the blood of 10 of 28 patients. T G and T M (T cells bearing receptors for IgM) cells were found in thymuses without thymoma.
The Population Structure of Lutzomyia verrucarum (Diptera: Psycodidae), a Bartonella bacilliformis and Leishmania peruviana Vector in Peru

ABSTRACT The population genetic structure of Lutzomyia verrucarum (Townsend), a sand fly disease vector of Carrion's disease and cutaneous leishmaniasis in the Peruvian Andes, was characterized by sequencing 653 bp of cytochrome b and 1,125 bp of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit 4 genes of its mitochondrial genome. DNA sequence variation within and between valleys was compared in a sample of 220 sand flies from three valleys (Purisima, Huaylas, and Conchucos) and five departments (Amazonas, Cajamarca, Piura, Lima, and Huancavelica). Gene network and phylogenetic analyses indicated a high similarity of haplotypes collected within a single valley (0–0.52% nucleotide divergence). Flies from each valley had unique genotypes not shared with specimens from other valleys or from more distant regions (0.8–3.1% nucleotide divergence). Mountain ranges and geographic distance appear to have impeded migration (Nm=<0.18) between valleys and separated populations into discrete genetic units.
The use of STM to study metal film epitaxy

In this paper the authors review work they have done at the IBM Almaden Research Center using the scanning tunneling microscope to understand the epitaxial growth of metal films. In particular, they explore the important role of deposit-substrate interactions in controlling growth and film structure, both by strain of the substrate and film structure, both by strain of the substrate and by place-exchange intermixing. These are illustrated first by the growth traits of Au, Ag, Ni, and Fe on Au(111) and their relationship to the herringbone reconstruction. Au on Ag(110) is presented as a clear example of spontaneous penetration of the substrate by deposited material at room temperature. Fe on Cu(100) is a more subtle example of the effect of place-exchange and of ways to observe it. The martensitic transformation of thicker Fe films on Cu(100) demonstrates the importance of bulklike structural changes in metastable epitaxial films.
Metrics for Degree-of-Openness of Engineering Information

To evaluate the opportunities and extent to which open standards can be used in or enhanced for product lifecycle management frameworks, we have developed three metrics, namely, compatibility, completeness, and coverage, for assessing the degree-of-openness of engineering information. A simple test case shows that each of the three metrics provides a certain type of assessment of the degree-of-openness.
Somnolence, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis following high-dose teniposide treatment in children with leukemia

This report describes an unexpected adverse effect in three children receiving teniposide at 3–5 times the conventional dosage (i.e. 200 mg/m2) plus cytarabine as part of continuation therapy for acute lymphocytic leukemia. Pharmacokinetic studies in each patient had demonstrated high teniposide clearances, and thus the increased dosage requirements were necessary to attain plasma concentrations similar to those expected for patients with average drug clearance. At 3–4 h after the beginning of the 4-h simultaneous infusions of teniposide and cytarabine, these patients experienced somnolence, hypotension, and metabolic acidosis. The adverse events were associated with elevated teniposide plasma concentrations during the infusions compared with those in patients receiving similar doses without toxicity, and clinically significant ethanol concentrations, presumably from the teniposide formulation. Blood concentrations of cremophor and histamine, which are also constituents of the teniposide formulation, were not measured. In addition, concomitant therapy with antiemetic agents in patients who may have been mildly volume-depleted due to emesis may also play a contributory role. Prolonging the infusion time for patients receiving teniposide doses above 500 mg/m2 will avoid excessive teniposide and ethanol plasma concentrations and minimize the risk of this potentially serious side effect.
The effects of interfacial suboxide transition regions on direct tunneling in oxide and stacked oxide-nitride gate dielectrics

Abstract This paper builds on previous work that has demonstrated the effects of interfacial suboxide transition regions at SiSiO 2 interfaces on tunneling oscillations in the Fowler-Nordheim regime. This paper extends thes effects to the direct tunneling regime and focuses on differences in interfacial transition regions between SiSiO 2 interfaces with, and without monolayer level interface nitridation. Tunneling currents in devices with the same oxide-equivalent thickness are reduced by monolayer level interfacial nitrogen with respect to devices without interface nitridation for i) substrate and gate injection and ii) in both the direct and Fowler-Nordheim tunneling regimes.
Preincisional treatment to prevent pain after ambulatory hernia surgery.

UNLABELLED We designed this study as a randomized comparison of postoperative pain after inguinal hernia repair in patients treated with triple preincisional analgesic therapy versus standard care. Triple therapy consisted of a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory, a local anesthetic field block, and an N-methyl-D-aspartate inhibitor before incision. The treatment group (n = 17) received rofecoxib, 50 mg PO, a field block with 0.25% bupivacaine/0.5% lidocaine, and ketamine 0.2 mg/kg IV before incision; controls (n = 17) received a placebo PO before surgery. The anesthetic protocol was standardized. Postoperative pain was treated by fentanyl IV and oxycodone 5 mg/acetaminophen 325 mg PO as required for pain. Pain scores (0-10) and analgesic were recorded for the first 7 days after surgery. Pain scores were 47% lower in the treatment group before discharge (3.1 +/- 0.6 versus 5.9 +/- 0.6, P = 0.0026) (mean +/- SE) and 18% less in the first 24 h after discharge (5.6 +/- 0.4 versus 6.8 +/- 0.5, P = 0.05); oral analgesic use was 34% less in the treatment group (4.6 +/- 0.8 doses versus 7.1 +/- 0.7 doses, P = 0.02) in the first 24 h after surgery. We conclude that triple preincisional therapy diminishes pain and analgesic use after outpatient hernia repair, and encourage further evaluation of this technique. IMPLICATIONS Outpatients undergoing inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia report moderate-to-severe pain after surgery. Triple preincisional therapy that included rofecoxib, 50 mg PO, ketamine, 0.2 mg/kg IV, and local anesthetic field block reduced pain scores and analgesic use in the first 24 h after discharge.
Postponement and supply chain structure: cases from the textile and apparel industry

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the applications of postponement strategy in the textile and apparel industry, with a particular focus on the supply chain structure, relationships and enabling activities supporting postponement strategy across the supply chain.Design/methodology/approach – For this research, a case study approach, supported by structured interviews, was adopted. The purpose was to explore the application of postponement with the objective of gathering considerable data from an organization or multiple organizations to develop the clearest possible picture of the phenomenon.Findings – The nature of product, downstream demand and the supply chain structure impacts the choice of postponement strategy. Companies operating with manufacturing and logistics postponement share data across their supply chain extensively, while companies adopting purchasing postponement work towards enhancing suppliers’ capabilities and fostering relationships across their supply chains.Research l...
MOVPE growth of antimonide-containing alloy materials for long wavelength applications

GaAs-based heterostructures comprised of GaAs1−xNx–GaAs1−ySby (x<0.03, y<0.35) multiple quantum wells (MQW) that utilize ‘W’-shaped type-II transitions have potential for realizing high-performance monolithic VCSELs and edge-emitting lasers with low temperature sensitivity in the 1.55 μm wavelength region. Metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of GaAsSb is complicated by both thermodynamically driven phase separation and kinetic effects that arise from incomplete thermal decomposition of methyl- and hydride precursors at typical growth temperatures. The impact of growth chemistry on the formation of strained and pseudomorphic films was studied through the growth of relaxed GaAsSb films and multi-period pseudomorphic GaAsSb/GaAs superlattices. Trimethyl- and triethyl-gallium and trimethyl- and triethyl-antimony were used in a variety of combinations. The observed variations of the Sb incorporation efficiency for relaxed and strained films with growth conditions are not predicted by the existing thermodynamic models of the growth, indicating a coupling of the surface growth chemistry and the strain-induced changes in the surface stoichiometry. Through modification of the growth chemistry and process conditions, an extended range of Sb incorporation was realized as well as enhanced control over the alloy composition in strained layers. These achievements lead directly to an extended wavelength range in type-II MQW structures.
Decontamination of MDA Reagents for Single Cell Whole Genome Amplification

Single cell genomics is a powerful and increasingly popular tool for studying the genetic make-up of uncultured microbes. A key challenge for successful single cell sequencing and analysis is the removal of exogenous DNA from whole genome amplification reagents. We found that UV irradiation of the multiple displacement amplification (MDA) reagents, including the Phi29 polymerase and random hexamer primers, effectively eliminates the amplification of contaminating DNA. The methodology is quick, simple, and highly effective, thus significantly improving whole genome amplification from single cells.
Stressors Arising in Highly Valued Roles and Change in Feeling Close to God Over Time

Abstract The purpose of this study is to see if exposure to stressful life events changes the way older people feel about their relationship with God. Data from a nationwide, longitudinal study of older adults suggest that older people who encounter stressful life events believe their relationship with God has grown closer over time. There are, however, two important qualifications. First, stressors arising in roles that older people value highly appear to have a greater effect than events that are encountered in roles that are less important. Second, stressors emerging in highly valued roles affect the way older African Americans, but not older Whites, view their relationship with God.
Release of different fractions of epidermal growth factor from human platelets in vitro: preferential release of 140 kDa fraction.

Abstract Platelet-rich plasma in acidic-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant was kept for 5 days in an oxygen-permeable bag at 22° C in an incubator/rotator. Platelet count remained stable throughout the experiment. On days 0, 3 and 5, aliquots were removed; platelets were isolated by centrifugation at 22° C, 1500 g for 20 min, reconstituted to the original volume with PBS buffer, and the contents of α-granules were released by repeated freezing and thawing. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and β-thromboglobulin (β-TG) in the platelet-poor plasma and platelet lysates were determined by radioimmunoassays. Results indicated that in platelet-free plasma, both total EGF and β-TG increased 3–5-fold after 5 days; this amount represented 10–20% of the factors stored in the platelets. Correspondingly, the EGF and β-TG contents of the platelet lysates exhibited accompanying decreases. HPLC fractionation showed that the main EGF fraction which progressively decreased in the lysates and increased in plasma had a molecular mass of 140 kDa. The contents of the 67 kDa and 6 kDa fractions did not change substantially. We conclude that under these conditions, the 140 kDa fraction was released preferentially. In view of these and previous experiments, it seems likely that different organs contribute to plasma EGF fractions.
Point Contact Admittance Spectroscopy of Thin Film Solar Cells

We present the new characterization technique of multi-dimensional admittance measurements. In standard admittance measurements, a semiconductor device is probed in the transverse dimension, between flat plate contacts. We extend such measurements to distributed, possibly non-uniform solar cells where one of the two contacts has very small (point-like) dimensions. As a result, both the real and displacement currents spread into lateral directions while flowing between the electrodes. Correspondingly, the probing electric field may result in contact voltages that are laterally not equipotential. The spatial voltage distribution will depend on the probing DC bias and AC frequency. The resulting measurement will give information about the system’s lump parameters, such as open circuit voltage, sheet and shunt resistances, as well as the presence and location of shunts. Understanding of the measurement is developed through intuitive and analytic models. Numerical models, utilizing finite element circuits, are used to verify the analytic results, and also may be directly compared to or used to fit experimental data. While our focus is on introducing the physical theory, early experimental results demonstrating spatial scaling are shown.
DAMPING OF QUANTIZED LONGITUDINAL ELECTRON OSCILLATIONS IN A NONDEGENERATE PLASMA

A new damping factor obtained from the dispersion expression for longitudinal electron oscillations in a quantum thermal plasma is presented. The conditions for this quantum damping effect are those covered by the random-phase approximation above the degeneracy temperature.
Causes and consequences of low atmospheric pCO2 in the Late Mesoproterozoic

Abstract Based upon various proxy, theoretical, and model constraints, Paleoproterozoic atmospheric p CO 2 was much higher than Phanerozoic levels. However, relatively little is known about the transition between the two climate states. Here, geochemical mass-balance from ~ 1.1 Ga old Midcontinent Rift System (USA) paleosols is used to reconstruct atmospheric p CO 2 during the Mesoproterozoic. The calculations robustly indicate low atmospheric p CO 2 ( p CO 2 minimum is best explained as the culmination of a long-term C burial event by the biosphere that is also indicated by marine carbonate δ 13 C changes during the Mesoproterozoic, and which is consistent with changes in the biosphere including increased stromatolite abundance and diversity, evolution of sulfur-utilizing bacteria, and the spread of microbial mats into continental environments.
Synthesis and Testing of Molecules of Medical Interest

Molecular models of molecules of medical interest are discussed. The molecules added to the JCE Featured Molecules library this month include: 2,3-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine, Valium, Xanax, diludine, lacidipine, nifedipine, HMR 1794, hydantoin, phenytoin, spiro-thiohydantoin, 6-amino-penicillanic acid, a model penicillin, and penicillin G
On the embedding statistic

Abstract We describe a new statistic which appears to have some utility for indicating the presence of determinacy in a time series. We motivate this statistic, describe its algorithmic construction and give some examples of its use. The statistic is robust in that it is fairly insensitive to noise.
Concentration effects in the hydrodynamic properties of deoxyribonucleic acid

The influence of solute concentration on measurements of the viscosity and sedimentation properties of DNA solutions is very great. Enough data has been accumulated in recent years, however, to permit a quantitative description of these concentration effects for DNA samples of molecular weight below roughly 16·106. It has therefore become possible to measure [η] and s0 (and indirectly molecular weight) for such samples from single measurements on generally available equipment. Above molecular weight 16·106 the possibility of such a simplification is at present excluded by the magnitude of the concentration effect in sedimentation and the gradient effect in viscosity, plus the newly studied phenomenon of speed dependence in sedimentation. It is shown, however, that rotor speed does not influence the sedimentation of samples up to molecular weight 16·106 until a critical high velocity is reached.
Distant Transfer in Coincident Timing as a Function of Variability of Practice

An assumption of Schmidt's schema theory is that variable practice will enhance the development of schema which will in turn facilitate transfer to situations requiring novel responses. This assump...
Germacranolides, calbertolides A, B and C, from Calea berteriana

Abstract The isolation and structure elucidation of two germacranolides, calbertolides A and B, and a heliangolide, calbertolide C, from Calea berteriana are reported. The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic methods.
Adaptive optics with four laser guide stars: correction of the cone effect in large telescopes.

We study the performance of an adaptive optics (AO) system with four laser guide stars (LGSs) and a natural guide star (NGS). The residual cone effect with four LGSs is obtained by a numerical simulation. This method allows the adaptive optics system to be extended toward the visible part of the spectrum without tomographic reconstruction of three-dimensional atmospheric perturbations, resolving the cone effect in the visible. Diffraction-limited images are obtained with 17-arc ms precision in median atmospheric conditions at wavelengths longer than 600 nm. The gain achievable with such a system operated on an existing AO system is studied. For comparison, performance in terms of achievable Strehl ratio is also computed for a reasonable system composed of a 40 × 40 Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensor optimized for the I band. Typical errors of a NGS wave front are computed by use of analytical formulas. With the NGS errors and the cone effect, the Strehl ratio can reach 0.45 at 1.25 µm under good-seeing conditions with the Nasmyth Adaptive Optics System (NAOS; a 14 × 14 subpupil wave-front sensor) at the Very Large Telescope and 0.8 with a 40 × 40 Shack–Hartmann wave-front sensor.
Population characteristics of extinct hominid endocranial volume

Distribution and variation statistics of hominid endocranial volume (ECV) have been investigated. Within the interpretative constraints imposed by (very) small sample sizes, the requirements for normality are met, as are those for heteroscedasticity. A significant difference in means can be demonstrated for only two comparisons. With one exception, overall distribution characteristics differ significantly in pairwise comparisons between taxa. The coefficient of variation of ECV that characterizes a group composed of all Plio-Pleistocene gracile hominids does not support a single polytypic species interpretation of this assemblage. Significant differences in the coefficient of variation exist between all possible pairs of taxa with the exception of Homo habilis and Homo erectus.
Molecular dynamic studies of chemical reactions at semiconductor surfaces

Abstract We have performed molecular dynamics simulations for O, C, and N atoms released at the GaAs(110) surface, and have observed the formation of CO, NO, and N2. In most cases these molecules formed under the surface. This formation was accompanied by a disruption of the GaAs bonds. In those cases where CO, NO, and N2 formed above the surface, the energy was found to be higher, and bond disruption was minimal.
Directed evolution of brain-derived neurotrophic factor for improved folding and expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in nervous system function and has therapeutic potential. Microbial production of BDNF has resulted in a low-fidelity protein product, often in the form of large, insoluble aggregates incapable of binding to cognate TrkB or p75 receptors. In this study, employing Saccharomyces cerevisiae display and secretion systems, it was found that BDNF was poorly expressed and partially inactive on the yeast surface and that BDNF was secreted at low levels in the form of disulfide-bonded aggregates. Thus, for the purpose of increasing the compatibility of yeast as an expression host for BDNF, directed-evolution approaches were employed to improve BDNF folding and expression levels. Yeast surface display was combined with two rounds of directed evolution employing random mutagenesis and shuffling to identify BDNF mutants that had 5-fold improvements in expression, 4-fold increases in specific TrkB binding activity, and restored p75 binding activity, both as displayed proteins and as secreted proteins. Secreted BDNF mutants were found largely in the form of soluble homodimers that could stimulate TrkB phosphorylation in transfected PC12 cells. Site-directed mutagenesis studies indicated that a particularly important mutational class involved the introduction of cysteines proximal to the native cysteines that participate in the BDNF cysteine knot architecture. Taken together, these findings show that yeast is now a viable alternative for both the production and the engineering of BDNF.
Lower limb kinematics following pelvic support osteotomy for unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head

Introduction: Avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVN) has devastating long term consequences for hip joint mobility and lower limb function. Management is complex, there is no accepted gold standard treatment and there has been only limited evaluation of the gait characteristics of this group [1–3]. To evaluate the management of this condition functionally, a twostage study has been undertaken. Stage one, a retrospective cohort study of the gait of young people with femoral head AVN (presented previously) and stage two, evaluation of these patients post pelvic support osteotomy PSO (current paper). Patients/materials and methods: A standard threedimensional gait analysis was performed post operatively on 17 patients following PSO for femoral head AVN using a 6camera Vicon® 370 system, Kistler® force platform and Plug in Gait® software. From a representative cycle for each patient, mean ± 1 standard deviation were calculated for waveform throughout the cycle for affected and unaffected sides. These were compared to the laboratory normal adult dataset (Figure 1.). Paired t-tests were performed where data were normally distributed. Results: The cohort comprised 11 males and 6 females, mean age 17 years (range 15-19). Initial analysis of the data revealed increased hip excursion and shift towards normal range with associated improvements in pelvic excursion and alignment. Therewas a shift towards normal timing and magnitude of knee flexion in stance. Length discrepancy persisted in all cases although compensatory equinus was reduced. Discussion & Conclusions: Analysis of three dimensional gait analysis post pelvic support osteotomy for unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head, revealed significant improvements in lower limb kinematics. Although residual leg length discrepancy was evident in themajority of the cohort, PSOappears to represents a functionally beneficial surgical option for this group of patients. Further comparative evaluation is required to establish the optimal surgical intervention for this group of patients.
To See but Not to See.Review ofInattentional Blindnessby A. Mack and I. Rock (1998).

Abstract Arien Mack received her Ph.D. from Yeshiva University and since then has been on the Graduate Faculty at the New School for Social Research. She is a Fellow of APA and AAAS and has received numerous federal grants to support her research on eye movements and perception with and without attention. She also conducts research on social issues; she has published books on the social consequences of epidemic diseases and has been the editor of Social Research since 1970. Irvin Rock received his Ph.D. from the New School for Social Research. He taught at the New School, Yeshiva, and Rutgers before retiring to Berkeley. His early research focused on the perception of orientation, but over the course of his career he investigated issues in almost all areas of perception. The primary focus of his work was on the nature of perceptual organization, a focus reflected in the early chapters of Inattentional Blindness . His book The Logic of Perception is already a classic, and his six other books (including this one and one other published posthumously) have already made a lasting contribution to the field. Daniel Simons received his Ph.D. from Cornell University and is currently an assistant professor of psychology at Harvard University. His research focuses on issues in visual cognition including change detection, visual memory, object perception, representation of spatial position, and the role of attention and inattention in perception.
Developing the Agrobacterium Ti plasmid as a vector for plant genetic engineering: The 2002 Benjamin Franklin Medal in life sciences presented to Mary-Dell Chilton

The Franklin Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, awarded the 2002 Benjamin Franklin Medal in Life Sciences to Mary-Dell Chilton for her key discoveries and wide-ranging contributions in the development of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti plasmid as a major vector system for plant genetic engineering.
The demands and capacities model I: Theoretical elaborations

Abstract The most recent explanation for the etiology of stuttering has come to be known as the “Demands and Capacities” model. This framework has not been developed byond its basic tenet that fluency breaks down when environmental and/or self-imposed demands exceed the organism's cognitive, linguistic, motoric or emotional capacities for responding. In this article, an effort has been made to: (1) expand upon the model; and (2) demonstrate how, through its use, it is possible to account for the substantial diversity observed in stutterers, both in the experimental laboratory and in the clinic. The companion paper takes the expanded model and shows how it can be used to guide the evaluative, clinical decision-making, and therapeutic processes.
Conalbumin variation in populations of the redwinged blackbird, Agelaius phoeniceus.

Abstract 1. 1. Populations of the redwinged blackbird show variation in the electrophoretic forms of egg-white conalbumins. 2. 2. The frequency of the conalbumin types varies in populations on a transcontinental basis. 3. 3. The greatest heterogeneity at the conalbumin locus occurs in Agelaius phoeniceus caurinus (western Washington State). This population is also the only sedentary population in an otherwise migratory species. 4. 4. The origins of the variation and its genetic basis and functional significance in natural populations are discussed.
S-Frame Versus Dual Vacuum: A Comparison of Immobilization Techniques for Upper Lung Tumors With Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

Purpose/Objective(s): To compare the impact of SBRT immobilization strategies (S-frame/Dual vacuum) on setup and reproducibility for upper lung tumors. Materials/Methods: Our institutional prospective SBRT database was searched for patients with upper lung tumors, defined as an internal tumor volume superior to T5 vertebra. Initially the full-length dual vacuum was used for all lung SBRT patients. For upper lung tumors, an extended, thermoplastic S-frame was recently added as an option. At simulation, a free-breathing 4-D computed tomography was performed without respiratory gating or breathing control. For each treatment, patients were first set up to isocenter with in-room lasers and skin tattoos. Subsequent shifts from initial couch position were made using cone-beam CT (CBCT) to correct for tumor position. If shifts greater than 4 mm were required, they were applied and a new CBCT would be obtained. Couch shifts were analyzed as square root of sum of squares in x, y, and z-directions. Kaplan-Meier, Fisher’s exact and equal variance t-tests were used. Results: Median follow-up was 8.7 months (quartiles, 4.4-19.1). Between April 2008 and Jan 2012, 88 patients with 93 upper lung tumors (21 central, 72 peripheral) were identified. Median age was 71.8 years. 64 tumors were non-small cell lung cancer (54 primary, 10 recurrent), 29 metastatic from other sites. Lesion sizes were: 3cm (11%). 17 tumors were immobilized with S-frame; 76 with dual vacuum. Dose schemes were: 48Gy/4 fractions (28%), 50Gy/5 fractions (24%), and 54Gy/3 fractions (46%). A total of 347 fractions (65 S-frame, 282 dual vacuum) were delivered. First couch shifts were statistically better with S-frame than dual vacuum (see Table). The first couch shift by CBCT exceeded the 4-mm tolerance in 33 (51%) fractions in S-frame, vs. 217 (77%) in dual vacuum (Fisher’s p < 0.0001). Correction by 1st couch shifts was usually successful, as 2nd couch shifts were similarly small regardless of immobilizing device; 3rd shifts were rarely needed. For all patients, 2 and 3-year local control rates were 94% and 81%, respectively; median has not been reached yet. There is no difference
A balanced scorecard based framework for assessing the strategic impacts of ERP systems

Although there is no analytical framework for assessing the organizational benefits of ERP systems, several researchers have indicated that the balanced scorecard (BSC) approach may be an appropriate technique for evaluating the performance of ERP systems. This paper fills this gap in the literature by providing a balanced-scorecard based framework for valuing the strategic contributions of an ERP system. Using a successful SAP implementation by a major international aircraft engine manufacturing and service organization as a case study, this paper illustrates that an ERP system does indeed impacts the business objectives of the firm and derives a new innovative ERP framework for valuing the strategic impacts of ERP systems. The ERP valuation framework, called here an ERP scorecard, integrates the four Kaplan and Norton's balanced scorecard dimensions with Zuboff's automate, informate and transformate goals of information systems to provide a practical approach for measuring the contributions and impacts of ERP systems on the strategic goals of the company.
Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic and anisotropic Au-containing nanoparticles using a one-step protocol

The production of AuAg alloys, AuAg core–shell nanoparticles, and short Au nanorods using ketyl radicals was investigated. The photochemical pair acetone/isopropanol was used as a source of reducing ketyl radicals. The process was optimized in relation to the targeted nanoparticle morphology. For every case, a simple methodology (a 1-step process) was designed aiming at the production of a particular morphology. By the simple adjustment of reagent concentrations and light intensity, the method affords nanoparticles of various compositions with a specific morphology in quantitative yield (either AuAg core–shells, or AuAg alloy nanoparticles, or Au nanorods). In addition, the plasmon properties of the colloidal systems were studied using UV spectroscopy. The mechanism of formation of each nanoparticulate system is discussed giving special attention to the factors responsible for shape and size. The role of acetone in the photochemical preparation of nanorods is further clarified. Transmission electron imaging and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis were used to characterize the colloidal nanoparticles.
Anti-ferromagnetic exchange in beef adrenodoxin as measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy.

ANTI-FERROMAGNETIC EXCHANGE IN BEEF ADRENODOXIN AS MEASURED BY RESONANCE RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY Fran ADAR, Haywood BLUM, J. S. LEIGH, Jr, Tomoko OHNISHI, John SALERNO Dept. of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 and Tokuji KIMURA Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA
A Theory of X‐Ray Diffraction from an Ordered Alloy Containing Antiphase Domains

The theory of X-ray diffraction from an ordered alloy containing antiphase domains is developed by expressing the Fourier coefficients that represent the diffracted intensity in a powder pattern in terms of a domain size distribution function. The size distribution function is expressed in terms of the second derivative of the Fourier coefficients and, hence, can be determined from experimental measurements of the superlattice peak shape. A comparison of these results to those of previous treatments of this problem shows that valuable additional information about the domain size distribution is accessible by means of the procedures presented here. Die Theorie der Rontgenbeugung geordneter Legierungen, die Antiphasendomanen enthalten, wird entwickelt, indem die Fourierkoeffizienten, die die Beugungsintensitat einer Pulveraufnahme darstellen, als Funktion der Grosenverteilung der Domanen ausgedruckt werden. Die Grosenverteilung ist durch die zweite Abteilung der Fourierkoeffizienten gegeben und kann daher experimentell aus der Form des Uberstrukturreflexes bestimmt werden. Ein Vergleich dieser Ergebnisse mit denen fruherer Arbeiten uber dieses Problem zeigt, das mit Hilfe des hier entwickelten Verfahrens wertvolle zusatzliche Erkenntnisse uber die Grosenverteilung der Domanen gewonnen werden konnen.
When do the Manley-Rowe relations really hold?

Difficulties arising because of a standard assumption in the use of the Manley-Rowe relations, that generator frequencies are incommensurable, are discussed from a physical and mathematical viewpoint, and relations are developed which are valid for any generator frequencies, by making realistic assumptions concerning the generators.The use of these relations is shown to be equivalent to the use of the standard relations when the assumption is dropped that filters used in the circuitry have infinitely narrow bandwidths.
Lightwave component analysis for balanced and on-wafer measurement of opto-electronic components for 100GB/S transmission and RF-over-optics

Advanced calibration, optical mode-conditioning and de-embedding methods enable full complex S-Parameter characterization of high speed electrical multiport, single and multi-mode fiber opto-electronic components necessary to support short-reach interconnect and long-reach advanced complex modulation format for 100GE transmission and RF-over-Optics.
Some aspects of calculating flows about three-dimensional subsonic inlets

Various three dimensional inlet models were calculated based on the potential flow model. Results are presented in the forms of surface static pressure, flow angularity, surface flow pattern, and inlet flow field. It is indicated that the extension of the lower lip can reduce the adverse pressure gradient and increase the flow separation bound.
Keplerian Complexity: Numerical Simulations of Accretion Disk Transport

Supercomputer simulations have been used in conjunction with analytic studies to investigate the central issue of astrophysical accretion-disk dynamics: the nature of the angular momentum transport. Simulations provide the means to investigate and experiment with candidate mechanisms, including global hydrodynamic instabilities, spiral shock waves, and local magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities. Simulations have demonstrated that accretion disks are generally MHD turbulent. These results suggest that the fundamental physical mechanism for angular momentum transport in accretion disks has now been identified.
A preference in rats for cues associated with intoxication

Rats were placed in one compartment of a shuttlebox following ethanol injection and in another compartment following injection with saline. After four or five injection placements in each compartment, Ss showed a preference for the compartment associated with ethanol injection. Noninjected Ss given the series of placements did not develop such a preference. These results suggested that the central effects of ethanol (intoxication) are reinforcing for rats.
Bounding the Worst-Case Execution Time of Static NUCA Caches

Large on-chip caches with uniform access time are inefficient to be used in multicore processors due to the increasing wire delays across the chip. The Non-Uniform Cache Architecture (NUCA) is proved to be effective to solve the problem of the increasing wire delays in multicore processors. For real-time systems that use multicore processors, it is crucial to bound the worst-case execution time (WCET) accurately and safely. In this paper, we develop a WCET analysis approach to consider the effects of static NUCA caches on WCET.
Extinction and retraining of simultaneous and successive flavor conditioning

In three experiments, rats received pairings of flavor conditioned stimuli with polycose unconditioned stimuli, in either a simultaneous or a sequential relation. Both temporal relations produced excellent conditioned increases in consumption of the flavors. Separate presentation of the flavors resulted in extinction in both cases. However, restoring the pairing of the flavor with polycose resulted in reconditioning only with the sequential, not with the simultaneous, relation.
Extra-Molecular Relaxation Energies for H2 Embedded in an Electron Gas

Abstract The screening energy associated with a bonding orbital hole state in an H 2 molecule embedded in an electron gas has been calculated, within a linear response formalism. The relationship between this energy and the atomic screening energy is determined and the role of the bonding charge density is emphasized.
Elimination of tumorigenic stem cells from differentiated progeny and selection of definitive endoderm reveals a Pdx1+ foregut endoderm stem cell lineage

Embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivatives offer promise for generating clinically useful tissues for transplantation, yet the specter of producing tumors in patients remains a significant concern. We have developed a simple method that eliminates the tumorigenic potential from differentiated ESC cultures of murine and human origin while purifying lineage-restricted, definitive endoderm-committed cells. A three-stage scheme utilizing magnetic bead sorting and specific antibodies to remove undifferentiated ESCs and extraembryonic endoderm cells, followed by positive selection of definitive endoderm cells on the basis of epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) expression, was used to isolate a population of EpCAM(+)SSEA1(-)SSEA3(-) cells. Sorted cells do not form teratomas after transplantation into immunodeficient mice, but display gene and protein expression profiles indicative of definitive endoderm cells. Sorted cells could be subsequently expanded in vitro and further differentiated to express key pancreas specification proteins. In vivo transplantation of sorted cells resulted in small, benign tissues that uniformly express PDX1. These studies describe a straightforward method without genetic manipulation that eliminates the risk of teratoma formation from ESC differentiated derivatives. Significantly, enriched populations isolated by this method appear to be lineage-restricted definitive endoderm cells with limited proliferation capacity.
Target detection using an improved fractal scheme

In this paper a target detection technique based on a rotational invariant wavelet-based scheme is presented. The technique is evaluated on SAR imaging and compared with a previous fractal-based technique, namely the extended fractal (EF) model. Both techniques attempt to exploit the textural characteristics of SAR imagery. Recently a wavelet/fractal feature set, similar to the proposed one, was compared with a feature set similar to EF for a general texture classification problem. The wavelet technique yielded lower classification error than EF, which motivated the comparison between the two techniques presented in this paper. Experimental results show that the proposed technique has the potential for providing lower false alarm rates compared to EF.
CO2 management at ExxonMobil’s LaBarge field, Wyoming, USA

Abstract Production of natural gas from the LaBarge field in southwest Wyoming began in 1986. This gas contains high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2), and from the very beginning, ExxonMobil has successfully implemented several technologies and approaches to effectively manage the substantial volumes of CO2 associated with its production. Many of the technologies and approaches used for managing CO2 at LaBarge are examples of technologies and approaches being proposed for use in carbon capture and storage (CCS) by other industries. The Shute Creek Treating Facility (SCTF) processes the gas produced from the LaBarge field. The SCTF handles the lowest hydrocarbon content natural gas commercially produced in the world. The gas composition entering Shute Creek is 65% CO2, 21% methane, 7% nitrogen, 5% hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and 0.6% helium. The SCTF separates CO2, methane, and helium for sale and removes hydrogen sulfide for disposal. Most of the CO2 captured at Shute Creek is used for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). EOR is consistently cited as one of the most viable early opportunities for large scale implementation of CCS. ExxonMobil’s LaBarge operation is the largest deployment of this approach to CCS in the world today. Currently ExxonMobil provides 4 to 5 million tonnes per year of CO2 for EOR. Ongoing facility expansion will increase this capacity to over 7 million tonnes per year in 2010. A concentrated acid gas stream of about 60% hydrogen sulfide and 40% CO2 is injected into a carefully selected section of the same reservoir from which it was produced, safely disposing of the hydrogen sulfide along with approximately 400,000 tonnes of CO2 per year. Other technologies and approaches that have reduced CO2 emissions include the ExxonMobil patented low BTU fuel co-generation system that substantially reduces CO2 emissions when compared to emissions from purchased power. Cumulatively, through the application of these technologies at LaBarge, ExxonMobil will have the capacity to capture and manage over 75% of the CO2 produced from the LaBarge field. Additionally, new technologies are being developed that may provide additional reductions in emissions, either at this site or at others with similarly challenged production streams. Construction of a commercial demonstration facility for ExxonMobil’s Controlled Freeze ZoneTM (CFZ) gas treatment technology has been completed at Shute Creek and operations are about to begin. The CFZTM technology allows the single step separation of CO2 and other contaminants from a natural gas stream without the use of solvents or absorbents. Its successful commercial demonstration would enable the development of increasingly sour gas resources around the world by substantially reducing gas treatment and geo-sequestration costs from these sources.
Scalable synthesis of a sulfur nanosponge cathode for a lithium–sulfur battery with improved cyclability

Although lithium–sulfur batteries exhibit a high initial capacity, production costs and lack of cyclability are major limitations. Here we report a liquid-based, low-cost and reliable synthesis method of a lithium–sulfur composite cathode with improved cyclability. An open network of Conductive Carbon Black nanoparticles (Cnet) is infused with a sulfur network (Snet) to form sponge-like networks (Cnet + Snet). Initially, Snet is open to the outside, allowing liquid electrolyte to infiltrate and impart Snet Li+ conductivity. During lithiation, Cnet could accommodate the volume expansion of Snet largely without losing electrical contact. During delithiation, the carbon nanoparticles would preferably flocculate on the outer surface due to polysulfide dissolution and depletion of sulfur, to form a passivation layer that still allows Li+ exchange, but prevents more polysulfides from escaping, thus slowing the leaching of polysulfides into the bulk electrolyte liquid. The plausibility of a carbonaceous passivation layer was checked using an extra carbon deposition layer to achieve an improved performance of ∼400 mA h g−1 after 250 cycles under a high rate 2.0 C. A 763 mA h g−1 discharge specific capacity of this sulfur nanosponge cathode (abbreviated as “SULFUN”) was obtained after 100 cycles under a rate of 0.2 C. Discharge capacities of 520 mA h g−1 and 290 mA h g−1 were attained after 300 and 500 cycles, respectively, making this cathode material attractive for rechargeable battery applications.
Cross-level effects of demography and diversity climate on organizational attachment and firm effectiveness

We studied the impact of demographic diversity on individual attachment and firm unit performance in a relatively diverse organization. We implemented cross-level regression to study gender and race/ethnic categorical, relational, and organizational demography in a sample of 26 units part of a regional restaurant chain. At the individual level, we found that diversity climate (DC) moderates the impact of relational and categorical demography on affective organizational commitment, organizational identification, and intention to quit. At the organizational level, we found that DC moderates the impact of organizational diversity on firm productivity and return on profit. We discuss the importance of organizational DC as organizational context on individual attachment, and implications for firm effectiveness in diverse organizations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boron oxygen complexes in Si

Abstract The carrier lifetime in boron-doped Czochralski Si is strongly reduced by irradiation (space-based solar cells) or illumination (terrestrial cells). The culprits are believed to be boron–oxygen complexes. We use first-principles theory to predict the structure, electrical activity, and stability of complexes involving substitutional or interstitial B and interstitial O or oxygen dimers. Four complexes with comparable binding energies and thermodynamic gap levels are identified and their local vibrational modes predicted. Replacing B with Ga yields complexes with much smaller binding energies.