cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of radiation damage to ionization chamber liquids

Because of the high levels of radiation that will exist in the detector areas of the SSC (Superconducting Supercollider), it is important to understand how radiation affects calorimetry liquids. The results for tetramethylsilane, tetramethylgermanium, and tetramethylpentane as well as for methane-argon solutions are discussed. Tests have shown significant pressure buildup due to H/sub 2/ and CH/sub 4/. There is a loss of charge collection efficiency at large radiation doses. Radiation products can change the drift velocity of electrons and the free ion yield. >
GroupBeat: Wireless sensor networks made reliable

In wireless sensor networks (WSN) node failures are typically detected using a heartbeat application, where a neighbor detects a failed node when it misses successive short messages (ldquoheartbeatsrdquo) that should have been sent by the failed node. However, wireless links are usually lossy, hence, to distinguish node failures from intermittent link failures, the threshold on the number of missed heartbeats is usually set to a large number, incurring in a long delay for declaring a node dead. In this paper we present ldquoGroupBeatrdquo an accurate node failure detection system for WSN and propose the ldquoCommunication By Signalingrdquo scheme as an energy-efficient low-overhead implementation of GroupBeat.
Stability and assembly in vitro of bacteriophage PP7 virus-like particles

Background The stability of a virus-like particle (VLP) is an important consideration for its use in nanobiotechnology. The icosahedral capsid of the RNA bacteriophage PP7 is cross-linked by disulfide bonds between coat protein dimers at its 5-fold and quasi-6-fold symmetry axes. This work determined the effects of these disulfides on the VLP's thermal stability.
Modulation of prolactin responses to gonadotropin releasing hormone by acute testosterone infusions in normal women.

The administration of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) has been shown to stimulate prolactin (PRL), suggesting its role as an inducer of PRL release. This study addresses whether testosterone may modulate the release of PRL with GnRH during the early follicular phase when this stimulatory effect is not usually observed. Chromato-graphically pure testosterone was administered intravenously to 13 women in 2 doses (100 λ and 1000 λ) over a 6-hour period. GnRH (100 λ) was administered as a bolus 2 hours before and 4 hours after beginning testosterone. In addition, 3 women received testosterone twice, 3 months apart, with testolactone pretreatment on the second occasion. Serum testosterone rose in all patients and achieved maximum steady-state levels by 120 minutes. Serum estradiol (E2) was increased in subjects receiving the larger dose of testosterone but was unchanged with the lower dose and with the addition of testolactone. PRL did not increase significantly after GnRH before testosterone infusion bu...
An aggressive, novel approach using a vacuum-assisted system to treat thoracic aortic graft infection

In this small series, Hosoyama and colleagues 1 have described their use of negative pressure wound therapy and delayed sternal closure after resection and replacement of infected ascending aortic grafts to decrease the risk of recurrent infection. They performed daily dressing changes at the intensive care unit (ICU) bedside for 9 days, without hemorrhagic complications. All 4 patients survived, with follow-up ranging from 1 to 5 years. For 1 patient, they were evenable toeradicateCandidainfection,a difficult organism to treat in the mediastinum. The mortality from ascending aortic graft infection can be as high as 35%. Approaches to this difficult problem have led to variable success in treating the infection without significant morbidity and mortality, and more importantly, preventing recurrent infection. Antibiotic therapy alone is rarely successful without other measures to debride infected tissue. Mediastinal debridement without graft resection, followed by coverage with an omental or muscle flap, avoids the morbidity of graft replacement, but patients may need to continue lifelong, suppression antibiotic therapy for the remaining graft itself. Replacing infected Dacron graft with new Dacron or homograft may be more effective, but this is a fairly major operation, especially in older patients with multiple comorbidities, complications from sepsis, and decreased nutritional reserve. This group’s approach, of performing graft resection and replacement, using omental coverage, leaving the chest open, performing daily dressing changes in the ICU until cultures cleared, and delaying sternal closure, was aggressive but successful. The materials used are available in any hospital, and although the process is labor intensive, performing dressing changes in the ICU obviates the need for daily transport to the operating room and the use of operating room time.
Planning the Mars Sample Receiving Facility: Biohazards, Societal Issues and Risk Communication

NASA will someday need to design and construct a sample receiving facility (SRF) in preparation for handling and testing extraterrestrial materials returned to Earth by spacecraft returning from Mars. Because the core design elements of an SRF will include a high level biocontainment lab, it is possible that many questions about risks will arise during the public review process, regardless where it is eventually built. This paper summarizes recent research on relevant experiences during the construction of multiple high-level biocontainment labs, and discusses the types of issues and concerns likely to arise in the context of a future SRF, including planetary protection requirements, uncertainty about extraterrestrial biohazards, and the mandatory public review process. Among the key lessons learned from earlier research are the importance of developing trust, maintaining transparency about information, complying with all procedural requirements for public review of the project, implementing comprehensive pro-active risk communication at the earliest stages of the project, and continuing open communications even after operations begin at the SRF. While science and technology will be central to any future sample return mission, NASA and its international partners must acknowledge the likelihood of intense public interest and concerns about how samples will be contained, handled and tested. Addressing these issues from the start will be an essential part of mission planning, and an important element for building public support for the mission. It also provides an unusual opportunity for education and outreach by sharing information on behind-the-scenes deliberations and real-time observations of the science involved with sample analysis.
Interferometry through the turbulent atmosphere at an optical path difference of 354 m

A modified Michelson interferometer with a stable He-Ne laser source has been used to study fluctuations in the mean refractive index over a long path through the turbulent atmosphere. Distinct interference fringes were obtained at mirror separations up to 177 m, corresponding to an optical path difference of 354 m. The spatial stability of the interference fringes was found to decrease with increasing optical path length, indicating an increasing contribution from the atmosphere. Details of the interferometer and the experimental procedure are given as well as a discussion of the fluctuations in the mean refractive index.
Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Liver Malignancies Using the CyberKnife

Radiotherapy for liver tumors has been limited by the low tolerance of the whole liver to radiation. Improvements in imaging and localizing techniques allow more accurate targeting of radiotherapy. Our Phase I dose escalation study evaluated the safety and feasibility of single-fraction radiosurgery with the CyberKnife® (Accuray Incorporated, Sunnyvale, CA) for patients with primary or metastatic liver malignancies. Patients underwent abdominal CT scans with dual phase contrast to identify lesions and CT-guided percutaneous placement of gold spherical fiducials for targeting purposes. Treatments were delivered with motion tracking using X-ray detection of fiducial and surface light emitting diode positions. The dose was escalated from 18 Gy to 30 Gy increasing in increments of 4 Gy, prescribed to the minimal isodose line that completely encompassed the planning target volume (PTV). Acute gastrointestinal toxicity was scored according to the common toxicity criteria adverse event (CTCAE), version 3. Response to treatment was determined by serial high-resolution CT and PET scanning and/or MRI. Twenty patients were treated to 26 sites at four dose levels. Sixteen patients had metastatic disease involving the liver, 2 patients had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and 2 patients had intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IHCC). The mean treatment volume was 36.0 cm3 (range 0.8–146.6 cm3). With a median follow-up of 7 months (range: 2–30 months), Grade 1 toxicity was reported by 7 patients, consisting of nausea, abdominal pain, fatigue, and fever. Follow-up scans for 19 patients treated to 25 sites have demonstrated interval decrease in size in 17 sites, stable disease in 3 sites, and local progression in 5 sites. Seven lesions exhibited a complete response. Stereotactic radiosurgery to primary or metastatic malignancies of the liver is feasible and safe. We did not reach a liver tolerance dose.
Effects of habitat type and trap placement on captures of bark (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and longhorned (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) beetles in semiochemical-baited traps.

Two studies were conducted to determine the effect of habitat selection and trap placement on catches of Scolytidae and Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) in northeastern U.S. forests. In a nonreplicated case study, four habitat types—closed canopy hardwood stand, closed canopy conifer stand, a low-intensity thinned Pinus strobus L. stand, and a high-intensity thinned P. strobus stand—were surveyed using α-pinene, ethanol, ipsenol, ipsdienol, and lanierone. Average trap catches, species richness, and the number of unique species captured were all highest in at least one of the thinned habitats. A second experiment that was replicated evaluated the placement of traps in relation to habitat patches. Semiochemical-baited traps (α-pinene and ethanol) were placed under a closed canopy forest, along an edge, and in a clearing and tested for effects on Scolytidae and Cerambycidae trap catches. Abundance and species richness were generally higher in the closed canopy and edge placements compared with traps in the open area. The highest number of unique species were captured in the edge and clearing.
Suffix effects and probe modality in probed recall: implications for readout from sensory memory.

The effect of a redundant stimulus suffix was investigated in three experiments using a probed recall task. The probe modality was auditory in the first experiment and visual in the second. In the third experiment, both probe modalities were tested. The presentation rate was varied in all three experiments and was confounded with the delay of the suffix. The suffix was found to have a small and approximately equal effect on the last six serial positions. In contrast to the predictions from Crowder and Morton's (1969) PAS model, presentation rate and suffix delay did not interact with the suffix effect. The results indicate that at least six items can be simultaneously represented in PAS, that there is no appreciable decay of information from PAS during presentation of the last list items, and that readout of PAS information does not occur either during list presentation or between the end of list presentation and the beginning of overt report.
Electrolyte Excretion Studies in Rats Maintained on Low-Na and Low-K Diets.

Summary(1) Rats which have been reared on a low-sodium diet excrete radioactive sodium more rapidly than normal rats, and retain radioactive potassium in greater amounts than normal. In this respect they resemble untreated adrenalectomized rats. The giving of cortin corrected this disturbance. (2) Rats deficient in potassium excrete radioactive sodium at a normal rate but retain radioactive potassium.
Effect of Malnutrition on Rotavirus Infection in Suckling Mice: Kinetics of Early Infection

AbstractThe effects of malnutrition on the viral replication pattern and severity of clinical disease were examined in suckling mice infected with mouse rotavirus (MRV). The infection in malnourished animals was characterized by a significant decrease in the minimal infectious dose and in the incubation period of the onset of diarrhea, when compared to well-nourished controls. Viral replication in the dispersed enterocytes was observed 6-12 hr earlier, fecal viral shedding peaked significantly earlier, and the clinical disease appeared to be more severe in the malnourished animals than in the controls. These observations provide strong evidence for malnutrition-induced alterations in the pathogenesis of rotaviral infection in vivo.
The World Bank Scenario - A Problem-Based Learning Activity in Human Geography and Environmental Science

AbstractProblem-Based Learning (PBL) is a powerful and exciting form of small-group, self-directed, and self-assessed learning that can be used in virtually any discipline. This case study details the use of the World Bank as the scenario for a PBL lesson that has been developed for use in Human Geography and Environmental Science and could be adapted for use in many other subdisciplines. The lesson requires multiple class periods and work outside of the classroom for acquisition of critical knowledge and development of team participation skills to address a real world issue.
Transmitting power handling limitations of a wideband, non-foster electrically-small antenna

Non-foster matching networks can provide significantly larger bandwidth over passive matching networks. However, when a non-foster matching network, which contains active devices, is used to match electrically small antennas (ESAs), which have high Q impedances, very high currents and voltages are necessary to drive the antenna in transmit applications. This work demonstrates that the selected active element in the non-foster circuit has a large effect on the maximum power that can be radiated from an ESA. High power transistors and triode vacuum tubes are investigated as the active element of the non-foster circuit to improve maximum radiated power.
Skeletal Muscle Metabolism as a Target for Drug Therapy in Peripheral Arterial Disease

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is an atherosclerotic disease which modifies lower extremity hemodynamics. There is considerable evidence that skeletal muscle metabolism is altered in PAD. Several studies have demonstrated altered mitochondrial enzyme content in PAD muscle as compared with controls, and enzyme activity may not increase normally in PAD with exercise training. A variety of metabolic intermediates, including acylcarnitines, accumulate in muscle of PAD patients, suggesting incomplete oxidative metabolism. Studies employing 31P-NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) also suggest a metabolic myopathy in PAD. Strikingly, while hemodynamics do not predict claudication-limited performance, metabolic injury as evidenced by acylcarnitine accumulation is strongly correlated with patients' functional status in PAD. Further, exercise rehabilitation improves claudication-limited performance without modifying large vessel hemodynamics. The stress placed on skeletal muscle during exercise in PAD and the observed evidence of metabolic dysfunction is similar to ischemia/reperfusion injury in cardiac muscle. Recognition of the role of cellular metabolic injury and function in PAD has formed the basis for novel therapeutic strategies in this disease.
Neoplasia of the Female Reproductive Tract

The most common neoplasms of the reproductive tract of the mare are tumors of the ovary and the external genitalia. In contrast, tumors of the oviduct, uterus, cervix, vagina, and mammary gland are rare. In general, the overall incidence of reproductive tract neoplasia in the mare increases with age. Tumors of the internal genitalia of mares may remain undetected if a mare is not routinely examined for breeding or pregnancy diagnosis.
Research methods for subsistence marketplaces

This chapter discusses the sense providing some data, and then place our insights in a broader context by discussing implications for research methods. It highlights issues of low literacy and low income in an advanced economy, providing a comparison point for the subsequent discussion of Indian subsistence contexts, additionally characterised by extreme poverty. Research in the social sciences has often focused on relatively resource-rich, literate individuals and societies. Commonly used tasks in social research can be too abstract and artificial for low-literate consumers. Research on low-literate consumers suggests that emotional considerations, such as the management of stigma and self-esteem, are very salient. Transcription was performed by research associates fluent in Tamil and moderately fluent in English. Market research is crucial for businesses to better understand the life circumstances and economic realities of individuals in subsistence marketplaces. In subsistence marketplaces, translation should be done at the level of language, and also customised for the local context in terms of content.
Coal’s decline: Driven by policy or technology?

Abstract The political rhetoric would have it that the dramatic decline in the use of coal in the U.S. since 2008 has been a result of ‘Obama’s war on coal’ – that is, the EPA’s Clean Air rules. But the data say otherwise. Rather, enabled by shale drilling, cheap natural gas is outcompeting coal markedly. An analysis that includes gas’s techno-economic pluses concludes the trend will continue.
Insights from a Real Options Approach to Evaluate IT Sourcing Decisions

The trend for businesses to outsource information technology (IT) resources remains a relevant topic among IS researchers (Hirschheim and Lacity 2000, Kern & Blois 2002, Yost & Harmon 2002, Dibbern et al. 2004). While much has been written about outsourcing, the literature is relatively sparse when contemplating the issue of how organizations actually make their IT sourcing decisions. These sourcing decisions present the firm with opportunities such as abandonment, expansion, and deferment, that provide management the flexibility to improve their sourcing portfolios in the future. Real options theory has proven useful for valuing investments in IT infrastructure because it assigns value to future potential (Benaroch and Kauffan 1999, Taudes et al. 2000). This real options approach (ROA) is a promising technique for obtaining insights to sourcing decisions under uncertainty. This paper will relate the benefits of using real options analysis to evaluate the 5 stages of the IS outsourcing decision identified by Dibbern et al. (2004).
Harnessing the earth: Nikola tesla and the idea of broadcasting electric power, 1890–1905

The paper discusses the history on the work of Nikola Tesla to transmit electric power from one point to another through electromagnetic waves.
Increased Risk of Revision, Reoperation, and Implant Constraint in TKA After Multiligament Knee Surgery.

The risk of major complications and revision arthroplasty after TKA in patients who previously underwent multiligament knee surgery have been poorly characterized. Is multiligament knee surgery before TKA associated with (1) worse implant survival, (2) increased use of TKA design constraint, (3) a greater risk for major complications, and (4) poorer scores for pain and function compared with similar patients receiving TKA for primary osteoarthritis? Fifty-nine TKAs were performed at our institution between 1985 and 2014 in 59 patients (36 men, 23 women; mean age, 53 years) with a history of previous multiligament knee surgery (≥ two ligaments). Of those, we had followup for 39 (66%), 18 (31%), and six (10%) patients at 5, 10, and 15 years, respectively; mean followup was 5.4 years (range, 1–25 years). A two-to-one matched control group consisting of patients undergoing primary TKA for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis was selected for comparison. Patients were matched based on gender, age at primary TKA (within 5 years), and date of the TKA (within 5 years). Medical records were reviewed for survivorship, TKA design, complications (reoperation, revision, infection, manipulation under anesthesia, and periprosthetic joint infection), TKA design, and clinical outcomes (Knee Society Scores [KSS], Knee Society Function Score [KSS-F]). The overall 15-year revision-free survival in patients with prior multiligament knee surgery was decreased in comparison to the matched controls (42% [95% CI, 16%–73%] vs 94% [95% CI, 81%–99%]; p < 0.001). Varus-valgus constraint implant design was used for more patients in the multiligament cohort at index TKA than in the matched control group (9/59 [15%] vs 0/110 [0%], respectively; odds ratio [OR], 45; 95% CI, 3–781; p = 0.009). Patients with a history of multiligament knee surgery also were at increased risk of reoperation for any cause (14/59 [24%] vs 7/118 [6%]; OR, 5; 95% CI, 2–14; p = 0.001). With the numbers available, there was no difference in the frequency of manipulation under anesthesia after TKA (10% [6/59] versus 3% [4/118]; p = 0.08) A higher proportion of patients in the multiligament cohort had infections develop compared with the matched controls (4/59 [7%] vs 1/118 [< 1%)], respectively; p = 0.04). There was no difference in the KSS improvement after TKA between the multiligament group and the control group (34 ± 18 vs 28 ± 15; p = 0.088). The final KSS and KSS-F scores likewise showed no difference between those groups (88 ± 13 vs 85 ± 10; p = 0.232) (85 ± 17 vs 84 ± 14; p = 0.75). A history of multiligament surgery is associated with lower long-term survivorship, higher use of constrained TKA designs, and higher risk of major complications, including reoperation and infection. Further research is necessary to determine if a particular multiligamentous surgical technique can prevent posttraumatic arthritis and TKA complications. Level III, therapeutic study.
How Has the Affordable Care Act Affected Work and Wages

In a review of the evidence, the authors find that the ACA had minimal effect on employment, hours of work, and compensation. This brief provides critical perspective on the effects of reforms on labor markets for federal and state policymakers as they consider changing or repealing the law.
Windows of Susceptibility and Consequences of Early Life Exposures to 17β–estradiol on Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Reproductive Success

Estrogens and estrogen mimics are commonly found in surface waters and are associated with deleterious effects in fish populations. Impaired fertility and fecundity in fish following chronic exposures to estrogens and estrogen mimics during critical windows in development are well documented. However, information regarding differential reproductive effects of exposure within defined developmental stages remains sparse. In this study, reproductive capacity was assessed in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) after exposure to two concentrations of 17β–estradiol (E2β; 2 ng/L and 50 ng/L) during four distinct stages of development: gonad development, gonad differentiation, development of secondary sex characteristics (SSC) and gametogenesis. Exposure to E2β did not adversely impact survival, hatch success, growth, or genotypic ratios. In contrast, exposure to 50 ng/L E2β during SSC development altered phenotypic ratios and SSC. Exposure to both E2β treatments reduced reproductive capacity (fertility, fecundity)...
Radioembolization for Unresectable Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Review of Safety, Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 Imaging Response and Survival

Abstract The optimal palliative treatment for unresectable intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remains controversial. While selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) using yttrium-90 microspheres is a well-accepted treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma, data related to its use for locally advanced ICC remain relatively scarce. Twenty-nine patients (mean age 66 ± 11 years; 15 female) with unresectable biopsy-proven ICC treated with SIRT between June 2008 and April 2015 were retrospectively evaluated for post-treatment toxicity, overall survival, and imaging response using response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria. RECIST 1.1 response was evaluable following 26 treatments [complete response (CR):0, partial response (PR):3; stable disease (SD):16, progression of disease (PD):7]. Objective response rate (CR+PR) was 12%. Disease control rate (CR+PR+SD) was 73%. Median time to progression was 5.6 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0–12.0] months. Median survival following SIRT was 9.1 ...
Immunomodulatory Strategies for Huntington's Disease Treatment.

Background & objective Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal-dominant, progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by selective loss of neurons in the striatum and cortex, which leads to progressive motor dysfunction, cognitive decline and behavioral symptoms. HD is caused by a trinucleotide (CAG) repeat expansion in the gene encoding the protein huntingtin. Despite the fact that the HD gene was identified over 20 years ago, there is no effective disease-modifying therapy for HD and only symptomatic therapies are available to date. Recently, new agents and procedures have been investigated for HD and many of them have focused on immunomodulatory and/or anti- inflammatory strategies. Conclusion The objective of the current review is to summarize data on the therapeutic strategies to treat HD that are based on immunomodulatory effects.
Targeting the RhoGTPase/ROCK pathway for the treatment of VHL/HIF pathway-driven cancers

The loss of the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor-suppressor is a major driver of Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma (CC-RCC) resulting in the stabilization and overactivation of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs). ROCK1 is a well-known protein serine/threonine kinase which is recognized as having a role in cancer including alterations in cell motility, metastasis and angiogenesis. We recently investigated and identified a synthetic lethal interaction between VHL loss and ROCK1 inhibition in CC-RCC that is dependent on HIF overactivation. Increased expression and activity of both HIFs and ROCK1 occurs in many types of cancer supporting the potential therapeutic role of ROCK inhibitors beyond CC-RCC. We also discuss future research required to establish prognostic markers to predict tumor response to ROCK inhibitors.
Large-eddy simulation of a hydrokinetic turbine mounted on an erodible bed

Abstract Marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) energy from free-flowing waves, tides and currents comprises an important source of clean and renewable energy. The development of technologies for harnessing MHK energy and assessing its environmental effects is still at early stage. In this work, we develop a computational model for simulating hydrokinetic turbines with bed-load sediment transport under clear-water scour conditions. Turbulent flow is simulated using large-eddy simulation (LES). The bed surface elevation is simulated by solving the non-equilibrium continuity equation, the so-called Exner-Polya equation. The turbine blades are parameterized as actuator lines. The developed model is applied to simulate the flow past an axial-flow hydrokinetic turbine mounted on an erodible bed in an open channel. A good agreement with measurements is obtained. The effects of turbine operating conditions and sediment particle sizes on the bed-load sediment transport are then examined. Finally the turbine wake characteristics are investigated for a rigid flat bed and the eroded bed under different turbine operating conditions.
Information Technology to Support Aging: Implications for Caregiving

Technological advances have introduced new tools to support older adults and their family caregivers. Telehomecare, defined as the use of telehealth in the home, enables the monitoring of older adults and facilitates communication with remote clinicians. More recently, smart homes (namely, digitally augmented residential settings) have emerged as a way to facilitate passive monitoring of older adults in their own homes. Such systems can provide information on one’s well-being and activities in the home over time, indicating overall trends and detecting cases where an intervention may be needed. There are various ethical challenges associated with the use of such technologies for aging. It is important to assess their obtrusiveness and how they may affect older adults’ relationships with their family caregivers and clinicians. Personal health records (PHRs) allow the creation and storage of personal health information that is managed by older adults and their families and can be used to facilitate shared decision making. PHRs can benefit from effective use and analysis of the Big Data generated by telehomecare and smart-home applications. Emerging robotic applications can provide companionship or assist with activities of daily living (ADLs), as well as support with rehabilitation efforts and assistance with walking and overall mobility. As technology advances, new opportunities and challenges arise with the design of systems to support caregivers. If emerging information technology (IT) tools are easy to use and address real patient and caregiver needs, they can become valuable assets to a caregiver rather than a burden.
If, when, and how to discuss available abortion services in the primary care setting.

Many women prefer to receive abortion care with their primary care provider; yet, prior studies have suggested that women do not know or assume that their provider does not offer abortion care. Our objective was to explore if, when, and how women wish to be informed of available abortion services at their primary care clinics. We conducted interviews with 21 women at their primary care site during June–July 2014. Vignettes were used to identify clinic visit types in which information regarding abortion services would be welcome and appropriate and inappropriate ways for providers to inform patients of these services. All participants were open to provider-initiated discussion of available abortion services, particularly during women’s wellness exams or contraception visits. Themes associated with appropriate communication of abortion services included: 1) using sensitive language, 2) respect for and assessment of patient beliefs, and 3) contextualizing abortion services within reproductive health....
Hyperspectral anomaly detection based on a non-uniform partition of the pixel

Detection of anomalous objects is an important application of hyperspectral imaging in remote sensing. Current anomaly detection algorithms for a subspace target are based on partialling out the main background from each spectral component of a pixel. This paper proposes an anomaly detection algorithm that partials out the main background from each subset of a pixel that has been partitioned using non-uniform subsets. The anomaly detector is defined as the Mahalanobis distance of the resulting residual. Experimental results show that the anomaly detector has a substantial improvement in detection over the conventional anomaly detectors.
Equilibrium phases of dipolar lattice bosons in the presence of random diagonal disorder

Ultracold gases offer an unprecedented opportunity to engineer disorder and interactions in a controlled manner. In an effort to understand the interplay between disorder, dipolar interactions, and quantum degeneracy, we study two-dimensional hard-core dipolar lattice bosons in the presence of on-site bound disorder. Our results are based on large-scale path-integral quantum Monte Carlo simulations by the worm algorithm. We study the ground-state phase diagram at a fixed half-integer filling factor for which the clean system is either a superfluid at a lower dipolar interaction strength or a checkerboard solid at a larger dipolar interaction strength. We find that, even for weak dipolar interactions, superfluidity is destroyed in favor of a Bose glass at a relatively low disorder strength. Interestingly, in the presence of disorder, superfluidity persists for values of the dipolar interaction strength for which the clean system is a checkerboard solid. At a fixed disorder strength, as the dipolar interaction is increased, superfluidity is destroyed in favor of a Bose glass. As the interaction is further increased, the system eventually develops extended checkerboard patterns in the density distribution. Due to the presence of disorder, though, grain boundaries and defects, responsible for a finite residual compressibility, are present in the density distribution. Finally, we study the robustness of the superfluid phase against thermal fluctuations.
Current Status of Psychosocial Intervention Research for Pediatric Outpatient Surgery

We reviewed 20 published studies of psychosocial interventions (i.e., preoperative preparation, parental presence) for children undergoing outpatient surgical procedures. The effectiveness of different intervention strategies on child and parent outcomes is summarized. Few positive effects were found for any of the psychosocial interventions. However, only a small number of randomized controlled trials were conducted and many of the studies using quasi-experimental designs had significant methodological problems that limited the interpretation of their findings. Research recommendations are described such as strengthening methodological rigor, making intervention strategies relevant to outpatient surgery, and using developmentally appropriate intervention strategies.
The Development of Joint Human and Veterinary Medical Laboratory Services

Only a few jointly operated human and veterinary medical laboratories exist in the world. Many more laboratories operated by helath or veterinary services do some examinations for other services. Rabies diagnostic examinations are among the most frequent, and most pertinent, interservice diagnostic activities.
Monaural Sound Localization Using Spectral Cues

This chapter begins by summarizing the acoustic basis of monaural sound localization. Measures performed in the ear canal of human listeners reveal a rich complexity of spectral information that changes in relation to the location of auditory stimuli. Neurophysiological representations of these spectral cues are followed from generalized population responses of the auditory nerve to specialized pathways of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and inferior colliculus. The perceptual basis of monaural sound localization is revealed by reviewing a century of research with monaural listeners, ear plugging procedures, and spectral manipulations. Animal studies explore the neuroanatomical basis of monaural spectral processing and address the potential species specificity of the specialized processes that dictate monaural sound localization in humans.
Warren Hirsch: Guessing the Truth

This chapter discusses how good we are at guessing the truth of mathematical conjectures, noting that one by Hirsch was recently disproved. Those who guess wrong have a lot of excellent company.
Theoretical Mechanisms of in Vitro Senescence

In this chapter we will discuss how somatic mutations might be involved in the senescence of cells in culture and in the intact organism. We will also discuss the possible role that stable phenotypic variations may play in senescence.
Urban Trees for Carbon Sequestration

Urban trees represent potential carbon (C) sequestration pools. To examine the C sequestration of an urban tree, factors such as C storage in biomass, avoided C emissions from energy conservation, and C emissions associated with tree maintenance and decomposition must be considered. Maximum tree sizes, lifespans, growth rates, and tolerances to urban stress were used to create four metrics for comparing the relative C sequestration potential of 145 popular urban tree species. These analyses show that differences in the relative urban tree C index (RUTCI) may be related to phylogenetic characteristics. In particular, longer-lived species with higher tolerances to urban stresses and higher wood densities appear to have the highest potential for sequestering C. Current urban tree populations are comprised of species with moderate ratings according to the RUTCI, suggesting that C sequestration potential of urban forests can be improved.
The mitochondrial calcium uniporter underlies metabolic fuel preference in skeletal muscle

The mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter (MCU) complex mediates acute mitochondrial Ca2+ influx. In skeletal muscle, MCU links Ca2+ signaling to energy production by directly enhancing the activity of key metabolic enzymes in the mitochondria. Here, we examined the role of MCU in skeletal muscle development and metabolic function by generating mouse models for the targeted deletion of Mcu in embryonic, postnatal, and adult skeletal muscle. Loss of Mcu did not affect muscle growth and maturation or otherwise cause pathology. Skeletal muscle-specific deletion of Mcu in mice also did not affect myofiber intracellular Ca2+ handling, but it did inhibit acute mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial respiration stimulated by Ca2+, resulting in reduced acute exercise performance in mice. However, loss of Mcu also resulted in enhanced muscle performance under conditions of fatigue, with a preferential shift toward fatty acid metabolism, resulting in reduced body fat with aging. Together, these results demonstrate that MCU-mediated mitochondrial Ca2+ regulation underlies skeletal muscle fuel selection at baseline and under enhanced physiological demands, which affects total homeostatic metabolism.
Significados en torno al territorio antártico chileno por parte de docentes de Historia, Geografía y Ciencias Sociales del Liceo Manuel Barros Borgoño

The article gives an account of a qualitative investigation, where through a case study, it is investigated in how a group of teachers of the subject of History, Geography and Social Sciences, of a public and emblematic Liceo of the commune of Santiago (Chile), signify and defend the idea of tricontinentality from the Chilean Antarctic territory, subject absent in the plans and programs of the subject. It is suggested that there is a lack in the plans and programs of the Ministry of Education of Chile, with respect to the Antarctic issue and the sovereignty that Chile exercises in the white continent. Finally, a curricular intervention proposal is presented for the inclusion of the subject in the subject, its foundations and projections in the new Curricular Bases within the framework of the current Educational Reform.
The process of infection with bacteriophage φX174: III. Phage maturation and lysis after synchronized infection†

Techniques are described for the synchronization of the infection by bacteriophage φX174 in all of the infected bacteria. One-step growth curves of wild-type φX and of a mutant with a longer mean latent period have been determined. The rate of appearance of mature phage is constant, and phage release is accompanied by cellular dissolution.
Numerical simulation of underwater explosion wave propagation in water–solid–air/water system using ghost fluid/solid method

Abstract The analysis of deformations of structures immersed in water due to explosion waves is important for off-shore oil and marine applications. A challenging issue in these problems is the satisfaction of continuity conditions at the fluid/structure interface. We numerically analyze these transient problems by using the ghost fluid/solid method, and coupling the isobaric fixing technique with the real ghost fluid method. We verify accuracy of the developed algorithm by comparing predictions from it with the analytical solution for a one-dimensional problem in which a plane wave traveling in water impinges upon a water/solid interface. We show that the coupled method has first order accuracy. Numerical results for the propagation of a spherical wave interacting with a fluid/solid interface computed with the developed method are found to compare well with those from the commercial software, ANSYS, that uses the arbitrary Eulerian–Lagrangian method. It is found that the intensity of the reflected tensile wave at a solid/water interface is less than that at a solid/air interface. Factors motivating this work include (i) using only the finite difference method for numerically solving equations governing transient deformations of fluids and solids that employs the ghost fluid/solid method to accurately satisfy continuity conditions at the fluid–solid interface, (ii) avoiding the need to refine the grid near the fluid–solid interface, and (iii) having an in-house capability of modeling detonation of a charge and study the interaction of the shock wave produced with the deformable structure. A novelty of the work is that the pressure due to a shock wave is not modeled as the product of a function of time and a function of space coordinates but its spatial and temporal dependence is found by solving the fluid–structure interaction problem.
Experimental validation of determining sound power using acoustic radiation modes and a laser vibrometer

Abstract The theoretical development for computing sound power using acoustic radiation modes is well documented. However, an experimental validation and comparison with other sound power measurement standards over a wide frequency range has not been presented. This paper compares experimental results from an acoustic-radiation-modes-based sound power measurement method to results obtained using ISO 3741 in two scenarios. First, sound power measurement results from a single simply-supported baffled panel are compared. A comparison of sound power measurements of two simply-supported baffled panels is then presented. Results between the two methods for the single panel show a maximum one-third octave band difference of 2.2 dB between 200 Hz and 4 kHz with an overall difference of 1.7 dB. For the two-panel system, the maximum one-third octave band difference is 1.6 dB with an overall difference of 0.7 dB. It is also shown that in the two-panel case, the sound power from each panel can be measured individually using the acoustic radiation modes approach and summed to obtain the overall sound power as measured using ISO 3741.
Cardiovagal baroreflex gain relates to sensory loss after spinal cord injury.

Abstract Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to autonomic nervous system damage, resulting in loss of sympathetic control to the vasculature and the heart proportional to injury level. Given maintained cardiac parasympathetic control, we hypothesized that SCI demonstrates a compensatory, higher baroreflex gain compared to able-bodied that relates to injury level (neurological and/or sensory). We compared baroreflex gain (average and across 10–20, 20–30, and 30–40 mmHg input stimuli) derived from neck chamber technique in SCI (N = 29; neurological level C1-T10, sensory zone of partial preservation C4–S4/5; ≤2 yrs since injury) and able-bodied (N = 14). Average gain tended to be higher in able-bodied compared to SCI (p = 0.06), primarily due to higher gains at 10–20 and 20–30 mmHg (p = 0.03, p = 0.06). In SCI, although gain was not related to neurological level, average gain and gain at 10–20 mmHg was related to sensory zone of partial preservation and resting RR-interval (all p
Sociodemographic differences in utilization and outcomes for temporary cardiovascular mechanical support in the setting of cardiogenic shock.

Background Temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices are increasingly used in cardiogenic shock, but whether sociodemographic differences by sex, race and/or ethnicity, insurance status, and neighborhood poverty exist in the utilization of these devices is unknown. Methods Retrospective cross-sectional study using the National Inpatient Sample for 2012-2017. Logistic regression models were used to examine predictors of use of temporary MCS devices and for in-hospital mortality, clustering by hospital-year. Results Our study population included 109,327 admissions for cardiogenic shock. Overall, 14.3% of admissions received an intra-aortic balloon pump, 4.2% a percutaneous ventricular assist device, and 1.8% extracorporeal membranous oxygenation (ECMO). After adjusting for age, comorbidities, and hospital characteristics, use of temporary MCS was lower in women compared to men (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.76, P Conclusions There are differences in the use of temporary MCS in the setting of cardiogenic shock among specific populations within the United States. The growing use of MCS for treating cardiogenic shock highlights the need to better understand its impact on outcomes.
Screening Gait Performance, Falls, and Physical Activity among Benedictine and Trappist Monks:

Background and Objective:Physical performance in older men has been reported in analyses with veterans and in disease-based cohort research. Studies examining gait performance among older monks, ho...
The Association Between Veteran Status and Obesity Differs Across Race/Ethnicity.

PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the interaction between veteran status and race/ethnicity on obesity status. DESIGN Cross-sectional survey. SETTING The 2013-2017 National Health Interview Survey. SAMPLE A total of 151,765 adults (8.62% veterans and 91.38 nonveterans) with 69.30% identifying as White, 13.05% identifying as Hispanic, 12.57% identifying as Black, and 5.08% identifying as Asian. MEASURES Obesity status (measured using self-reported body mass index), race/ethnicity, survey year, age, marital status, educational attainment, federal poverty level, health insurance, type of insurance, self-reported health status, and whether participant had a usual care source. ANALYSIS Weighted logistic regression analysis. RESULTS In a fully adjusted model, there was no evidence that veterans overall had higher odds of obesity compared to nonveterans (adjusted odd ratio (aOR): 1.05, 95% CI: .99, 1.11). White veterans had lower odds of obesity compared to White nonveterans (OR: .93, 95% CI: .87, .98). Hispanic veterans had higher odds of obesity compared to Hispanic nonveterans (aOR: 1.53, 95% CI: 1.23, 1.90). There was no evidence of an association between veteran status and obesity status for Black and Asian adults. CONCLUSIONS Effectual prevention strategies are needed to decrease obesity risks among active and retired Hispanic veterans.
Television and Screen Writing: From Concept to Contract

Introduction How To Create Marketable Premises For Motion Pictures And TV How To Develop A Marketable Story How To Write The Story Dramatic Elements And Act Structure How To Develop Credible And Castable Characters How To Write Realistic Dialogue Spec Screenplay Format How To Write Effective Scenes In Screenplays Script Revisions Television Sitcom Format How To Write Professional Scenes In Sitcoms Animation, Interactive And New Media, And Nonfiction Entertainment Television Drama Format How To Write Professional Scenes In TV Drama Soap, Talk Show, And Variety How To Create New Television Series How To Sell Your Motion Picture Screenplay How To Sell Your Television Script National And State Funding Sources Where To Go Next Annotated And Selected Bibliography