cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Image localization for frameless stereotactic radiotherapy.

Abstract Purpose: Infrared light-emitting diodes (IRLEDs) have been used for optic-guided stereotactic radiotherapy localization at the University of Florida since 1995. The current paradigm requires stereotactic head ring placement for the patient’s first fraction. The stereotactic coordinates and treatment plan are determined relative to this head ring. The IRLEDs are attached to the patient via a maxillary bite plate, and the position of the IRLEDs relative to linac isocenter is saved to file. These positions are then recalled for each subsequent treatment to position the patient for fractionated therapy. The purpose of this article was to report a method of predicting the desired IRLED locations without need for the invasive head ring. Methods and Materials: To achieve the goal of frameless optic-guided radiotherapy, a method is required for direct localization of the IRLED positions from a CT scan. Because it is difficult to localize the exact point of light emission from a CT scan of an IRLED, a new bite plate was designed that contains eight aluminum fiducial markers along with the six IRLEDs. After a calibration procedure to establish the spatial relationship of the IRLEDs to the aluminum fiducial markers, the stereotactic coordinates of the IRLED light emission points are determined by localizing the aluminum fiducial markers in a stereotactic CT scan. Results: To test the accuracy of direct CT determination of the IRLED positions, phantom tests were performed. The average accuracy of isocenter localization using the IRLED bite plate was 0.65 ± 0.17 mm for these phantom tests. In addition, the optic-guided system has a unique compatibility with the stereotactic head ring. Therefore, the isocentric localization capability was clinically tested using the stereotactic head ring as the absolute standard. The ongoing clinical trial has shown the frameless system to provide a patient localization accuracy of 1.11 ± 0.3 mm compared with the head ring. Conclusion: Optic-guided radiotherapy using IRLEDs provides a mechanism through which setup accuracy may be improved over conventional techniques. To date, this optic-guided therapy has been used only as a hybrid system that requires use of the stereotactic head ring for the first fraction. This has limited its use in the routine clinical setting. Computation of the desired IRLED positions eliminates the need for the invasive head ring for the first fraction. This allows application of optic-guided therapy to a larger cohort of patients, and also facilitates the initiation of extracranial optic-guided radiotherapy.
Ablation of Breast Cancer Stem Cells with Radiation

Tumor radioresistance leads to recurrence after radiation therapy. The radioresistant phenotype has been hypothesized to reside in the cancer stem cell (CSC) component of breast and other tumors and is considered to be an inherent property of CSC. In this study, we assessed the radiation resistance of breast CSCs using early passaged, patient-derived xenografts from two separate patients. We found a patient-derived tumor in which the CSC population was rapidly depleted 2 weeks after treatment with radiation, based on CD44+ CD24- lin- phenotype and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 immunofluorescence, suggesting sensitivity to radiotherapy. The reduction in CSCs according to phenotypic markers was accompanied by a decrease in functional CSC activity measured by tumor sphere frequency and the ability to form tumors in mice. In contrast, another patient tumor sample displayed enrichment of CSC after irradiation, signifying radioresistance, in agreement with others. CSC response to radiation did not correlate with the level of reactive oxygen species in CSC versus non-CSC. These findings demonstrate that not all breast tumor CSCs are radioresistant and suggest a mechanism for the observed variability in breast cancer local recurrence.
Images of Mindfulness

This article addresses the question: How should mindfulness be understood? Three views are considered. The first is that mindfulness should be understood as a cognitive ability. According to this view, people differ in their capacity to think in a mindful way, much as people differ in memory or intelligence. The second view is of mindfulness as a personality trait. According to this view, mindfulness is a stable disposition, much as would be extraversion or neuroticism. The third view is of mindfulness as a cognitive style. According to this view, mindfulness represents a preferred way of thinking. Mindfulnesshas characteristics of all three but seems closest to being a cognitive style. Construct validation is needed in order to address this and related questions.
Clebsch Gordan coefficients for the extended quantum-mechanical Poincaré group and angular correlations of decay products

Abstract This paper describes Clebsch–Gordan coefficients (CGCs) for unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of the extended quantum-mechanical Poincare group P ˜ . ‘Extended’ refers to the extension of the 10 parameter Lie group that is the Poincare group by the discrete symmetries C , P , and T ; ‘quantum mechanical’ refers to the fact that we consider projective representations of the group. The particular set of CGCs presented here is applicable to the problem of the reduction of the direct product of two massive, unitary irreducible representations (UIRs) of P ˜ with positive energy to irreducible components. Of the 16 inequivalent representations of the discrete symmetries, the two standard representations with U C U P = ±1 are considered. Also included in the analysis are additive internal quantum numbers specifying the superselection sector. As an example, these CGCs are applied to the decay process of the ϒ (4 S ) meson.
Effectiveness of Speed Control Measures on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Projects

Nighttime work-zone safety has become a concern among state transportation agencies due to an increasing number of work-zone fatalities and the high percentage of roadwork performed at night. Speed control has been determined by numerous researchers to be one of the best ways to improve safety on nighttime work zones. This paper presents an empirical analysis of speed-control strategies for nighttime interstate construction and maintenance projects in Indiana. The analysis considers the effect of various speed-control measures on the mean speed and the standard deviation of speed through nighttime work zones. Using a seemingly unrelated regression modeling approach, the present analysis revealed that the presence of police enforcement, a high percentage of semitrucks in the traffic stream, and a high traffic flow significantly reduced mean work-zone speeds. Factors found to significantly increase mean work-zone speeds included an increase in the number of open lanes, an original speed limit of the road section greater than 100 km/h (62 mi/h) an increase in the distance between the work-zone speed-limit signs and the first cone/barrel in the construction zone taper, and the progression of time through the night. The standard deviation of vehicle speeds was found to be significantly lower before midnight and as the number of vehicles queued increased. It was found to be significantly higher with an increase in the number of open lanes through the work zone, an increase in the number of worksite speed-limit signs, a high percentage of personal vehicles in the traffic, and an increase in total traffic flow. The results from this research demonstrate a useful analysis methodology (seemingly unrelated regression estimation) and provide some empirical results that can provide guidance for transportation agencies and contractors to improve speed-control strategies in nighttime work zones.
Spatial and seasonal distribution of aerosol chemical components in New York City: (1) Incineration, coal combustion, and biomass burning.

We describe spatial and temporal patterns of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and of 12 of its constituent chemical elements commonly observed in measurements at residential locations in New York City (NYC). These elements, that is, Ni, V, As, Se, S, Cl, Na, K, Pb, Cu, Zn, and Mn, had significant spatial and temporal variability at 10 PM2.5 sampling locations during our winter and summer sampling campaigns. By grouping the elements into traditional source apportionment categories, we show that specific chemical components of PM2.5 considered to have a common source category, such as As and Se for coal combustion, do not always follow the same temporal or spatial pattern. PM2.5 mass had only limited spatial variability and a slight summertime concentration enhancement. Measurements at residential locations were, on average, consistent with EPA sampling network measurements, although we found that during times of low regional concentration, EPA measurements underestimated the PM2.5 concentration at residential locations. These results have implications for improved understanding of exposures to specific sources of PM2.5, and raise some concerns about source profiles used in source-receptor modeling tracer input selection.
Training women surgeons and their academic advancement

The responsibility for those of us involved in residency training programs is to foster the development of future leaders in thoracic surgery. Although the actual training of female surgeons is no different than training male surgeons, academic advancement after training can be more difficult for women due to a variety of reasons. The education and training of female surgeons has its origin in admission to medical school followed by recruitment into a residency program. Following completion of a residency program, the retainment of women and men faculty should be the goal of departments and divisions of thoracic surgery. Specific recommendations are made for retainment of faculty. In addition to academic promotion and financial reward, creating the proper environment is an important consideration to allow women the chance to succeed in medicine. This report addresses the training aspects involved in the thoracic residency program and the state of professional academic advancement at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
Eicosanoids mediate microaggregation reactions to bacterial challenge in isolated insect hemocyte preparations

Abstract Nodule formation is the quantitatively predominant insect cellular defense reaction to bacterial challenges, responsible for clearing the largest proportion of infecting bacteria from circulation. It has been suggested that eicosanoids mediate several steps in the nodulation process, including formation of hemocyte microaggregates, an early step in the process. While fat body and hemocytes are competent to biosynthesize eicosanoids, the source of the nodulation-mediating eicosanoids remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we studied hemocyte microaggregation reactions to bacterial challenge in vitro. Hemocyte suspensions from the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta , were treated with the phospholipase A 2 inhibitor, dexamethasone, then challenged with the bacterium Serratia marcescens . Preparations treated with dexamethasone yielded fewer hemocyte microaggregations than untreated, control preparations. Furthermore, the influence of dexamethasone was reversed by amending experimental (dexamethasone-treated) preparations with the eicosanoid biosynthesis precursor, arachidonic acid. Palmitic acid, which is not a substrate for eicosanoid biosynthesis, did not reverse the influence of dexamethasone on the microaggregation reaction. The influence of dexamethasone was also reversed by adding filtered media from challenged hemocyte preparations to dexamethasone-treated preparations. Finally, most hemocyte preparations treated with selected eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitors formed fewer hemocyte microaggregations than control preparations. The 5- and 12-lipoxygenase inhibitor, esculetin, did not influence the formation of hemocyte microaggregations in this system. These results are consistent with similar investigations performed in vivo, and we infer that hemocytes are responsible for forming and secreting eicosanoids, which subsequently initiate nodulation by mediating hemocyte microaggregation.
DataMining for healthcare professionals. Sponsored by SIG MED

The digitalization of data has provided healthcare providers with a venue to collect, store and retrieve large amounts of documents in databases, data warehouses, and data repositories. However, one of the challenges posed is how to interpret meaningful information from this data. The citation analysis, cluster analysis and discovery of knowledge hidden in these databases, can provide organizations with insight into there own internal intellectual assets. The speakers in this session will provide some recent developments, utilization and benefits in the area of data exploration. In addition key components for implementing a successful data mining model will be discussed.
Monetary and real causes of investment booms and declines

Abstract The 1900s have marked two major investment booms in the United States. The boom of the 1920s was followed by the Great Depression of the 1930s, in which investment demand fell sharply. The second boom, of the 1950s and 60s, has been followed by a period of lagging investment. The economics literature reflects two disparate schools of thought on long-term investment behavior: the accelerator theory and the monetarist theory. This paper develops an investment function that interrelates monetary and real variables. Analysis of the investment function identifies several powerful non-monetary forces that can trigger investment booms with subsequent collapse due to overexpansion. Money is shown to be a critical element in sustaining a boom, but monetary contraction during the succeeding decline appears to be a symptom rather than essential cause of investment stagnation. The results thus point toward an integration of the monetarist and accelerator theories.
Critical EPR spin dynamics in EuO-sample shape and temperature dependence

Abstract Temperature and sample shape dependence of the EPR linewidth ΔH and the resonance field Hr are reported for the cubic ferromagnet EuO near Tc. It is observed that ΔH/Hr at a given temperature is essentially independent of the sample shape and that the temperature dependence of ΔH/Hr gives a better agreement with the theories of critical behavior for the spin-spin relaxation rate than ΔH alone. These observations are in agreement with the recent predictions of a calculation by Huber and Seehra.
Modified LMS algorithms for speech processing with an adaptive noise canceller

A desired signal corrupted by additive noise can often be recovered by an adaptive noise canceller using the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm. A major disadvantage of the LMS algorithm is its excess mean-squared error, or misadjustment, which increases linearly with the desired signal power, This leads to degrading performance when the desired signal exhibits large power fluctuations and is a serious problem in many speech processing applications. This work considers two modified LMS algorithms, the weighted sum and sum methods, designed to solve this problem by reducing the size of the steps in the weight update equation when the desired signal is strong. The weighted sum method is derived from an optimal method (also developed in this work), which is not generally applicable because it requires quantities unavailable in a practical system. The previously proposed, but ad hoc, sum method is analyzed and compared to the weighted sum method. Analysis of the two modified LMS algorithms indicates that either one provides substantial improvements in the presence of strong desired signals and similar performance in the presence of weak desired signals, relative to the unmodified LMS algorithm. Computer simulations with both uncorrelated Gaussian noise and speech signals confirm the results of the analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the modified algorithms. The modified LMS algorithms are particularly suited for signals (such as speech) that exhibit large fluctuations in short-time power levels.
Laboratory and field methods for stable isotope analysis in human biology

Stable isotope analysis (SIA; carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen) of human tissues offers a means for assessing diet among living humans. Stable isotope ratios of broad categories of food and drink food vary systematically, and stable isotope ratios in consumer tissues represent a composite of the isotopic ratios of food and drink consumed during an individual's life. Isotopic evidence for diet is independent of errors in informant recall, and accrues during time periods when researchers are absent. Beyond diet reconstruction, tissue stable isotope ratios are sensitive to excursions from homeostasis, such as starvation and rapid growth. Because of their relationship to diet, geographic location, hydration, and nutritional status, stable isotope signatures in human tissues offer a window into human biocultural adaptations, past and present. This article describes methods for SIA that may be usefully applied in studies of living humans, with emphasis placed on carbon and nitrogen. Some of the ecological, physiological, and evolutionary applications of stable isotope data among living humans are discussed. By incorporating SIA in research, human biologists facilitate a productive dialog with bioarchaeologists, who routinely use stable isotope evidence, mingling different perspectives on human biology and behavior.
Delay fault localization in test-per-scan BIST using built-in delay sensor

Delay failures are becoming a dominant failure mechanism in nanometer technologies. Diagnosis of such failures is important to ensure yield and robustness of the design. However, the increasing circuit size limits the granularity of diagnosis, resulting in large suspect fault list. In this paper, we present a methodology for improving delay fault localization in test-per-scan BIST using on-die delay sensing at selective test points. It is demonstrated that the proposed technique can improve the resolution of fault localization for both transition and segment delay fault models. Experimental results for a set of ISCAS89 benchmarks show up to 49% (82%) average improvement in fault localization for transition (segment) delay fault models. The area overhead due to delay sensing hardware have been limited to 4%.
Effect of holding at room temperature on initial chromatin configuration and in vitro maturation rate of equine oocytes.

Abstract The relationship of holding time in media at room temperature (∼22 °C) to initial chromatin configuration and rate of in vitro maturation (IVM) of equine oocytes was determined. Only oocytes having a complete, compact cumulus were used in this study. Oocytes were removed from ovaries 3.5–8 h after slaughter and were put into one of four treatment groups: (1) immediate/fix (IF)=immediate fixation following removal from the ovary; (2) delay/fix (DF)=fixation after oocytes were held 1–4 h in medium at room temperature; (3) immediate/mature (IM)=immediate placement into maturation medium at 5% CO 2 at 38.2 °C; and (4) delay/mature (DM)=placement into maturation medium at 5% CO 2 at 38.2 °C after oocytes were held 1–4 h in medium at room temperature. Chromatin configurations in fixed oocytes were classified as fluorescent nucleus (FN), condensed chromatin (CC), fibrillar, intermediate, or fibrous germinal vesicle (GV). Other classifications were Metaphase I, II, or degenerating/abnormal. Oocytes held at room temperature before fixation (DF) had a lower proportion of oocytes in the fibrous GV, fibrillar and intermediate configurations than did oocytes fixed immediately (IF; 1/54, 2% versus 15/51, 30%, respectively, P P =0.056; FN: 17/40, 43% versus 10/36, 28%, respectively, P =0.066). Holding of oocytes did not affect the rate of resumption of meiosis or the rate of degeneration in culture; however, of oocytes resuming meiosis, more oocytes in the delayed than in the immediate maturation group had reached MII by 24 h culture (14/15, 93% versus 8/15, 53%, respectively, P =0.018).
Older Children Need Phonemic Awareness Instruction, Too

This article reports the results of a yearlong collaborative action research study conducted by a team of second-grade teachers and two reading specialists. It was found that more phonemic awareness instruction was needed to help their older limitedEnglish-proficient language learners gain the necessary graphophonemic skills needed to become successful readers. doi: 10.5054/tj.2010.215246 I am a university liaison working with classroom teachers and preservice teachers from our university. This assignment gives me time to spend at least 1 day a week in various public school classrooms. Even though I was not involved with the yearlong data collection reported in this article, I was given permission to use the data collectively to tell this story. I found the story exciting because it illustrates how a group of concerned second-grade teachers and two reading specialists used student assessment data, their knowledge of the reading process and reading components, and collaborative reflective practices to plan for students’ reading success. The ability to read well is an important element of school success, and more students reading at grade level helps reduce the achievement gap.
The Seasat microwave instruments in historical perspective

The history of research and development that led to the successful demonstration of the four microwave remote sensing instruments on Seasat (the scatterometer, radiometer, altimeter, and synthetic aperture radar (SAR)) is briefly reviewed in this paper.
Learning from the Field: Economic Growth and Workforce Development in the 1990s:

Although attention to labor market preparation, access, and retention for disadvantaged workers has experienced a dramatic turnaround in the past 6 years for economic and policy reasons, serious challenges remain. Today’s workforce development implies more than employment training in the narrow sense: It means substantial employer engagement, deep community connections, career advancement, integrative human service supports, contextual and industry-driven education and training, reformed community colleges, and connective tissue of networks. This article discusses six areas of workforce development learning: (a) retention and advancement, (b) employer and jobseeker customers, (c) regions and neighborhoods, (d) race and labor markets, (e) best practices and replication, and (f) labor market reform. In addition to inevitable economic downturns, optimism should be tempered by three big challenges: the underlying patterns of wage and income inequality, the persistence of race and gender inequalities, and our ...
Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a gadolinium-associated fibrosing disorder in patients with renal dysfunction

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a debilitating fibrosing disorder that develops in patients with underlying kidney disease following exposure to gadolinium-containing contrast agents. NSF presents with cutaneous hyperpigmentation and induration and joint contractures, but fibrosis may also develop in other organs. NSF has been observed in up to 18% of patients receiving chronic haemodialysis and also may occur in individuals with stages 3 and 4 chronic kidney disease and, occasionally, in individuals who had experienced acute renal failure. Mortality is increased significantly among individuals with NSF. Although no medical treatment has been proved to be universally effective in patients with NSF, imatinib mesylate shows potential as a therapeutic agent and is currently being studied in these patients.
Cellular Links between Neuronal Activity and Energy Homeostasis

Neuronal activity, astrocytic responses to this activity, and energy homeostasis are linked together during baseline, conscious conditions, and short-term rapid activation (as occurs with sensory or motor function). Nervous system energy homeostasis also varies during long-term physiological conditions (ie, development and aging) and with adaptation to pathological conditions, such as ischemia or low glucose. Neuronal activation requires increased metabolism (i.e., ATP generation) which leads initially to substrate depletion, induction of a variety of signals for enhanced astrocytic function, and increased local blood flow and substrate delivery. Energy generation (particularly in mitochondria) and use during ATP hydrolysis also lead to considerable heat generation. The local increases in blood flow noted following neuronal activation can both enhance local substrate delivery but also provides a heat sink to help cool the brain and removal of waste byproducts. In this review we highlight the interactions between short-term neuronal activity and energy metabolism with an emphasis on signals and factors regulating astrocyte function and substrate supply.
Synchronized global Phasor Measurement based inter-area oscillation control considering communication delay

Phasor measurement unit (PMU) based inter-area oscillation control is investigated in this paper. A thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC) damping controller is chosen as an example to investigate inter-area oscillation control. Communication delay is one of the key challenges of wide area control performance. The question on how to evaluate the effect of time delay was raised in this paper. By the proposed time delay modeling technique using coprime factorization, the impact of time delay can be accurately estimated accurately. Based on the time delay uncertainty model, an Hinfin controller is designed. The maximum time delay allowed is also investigated. Time-domain simulations of the two-area four-machine test system demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller and verify the estimated maximum time delay tolerance.
Mastoidectomy for acquired cholesteatoma: follow-up to 20 years.

The results of 423 mastoidectomies for acquired cholesteatoma were reanalyzed 6 years after the first analysis. The mastoidectomies were placed into three groups: open-cavity, 135 modified radical and 37 radical; obliteialvd-cavity, 60 modified radical and 20 radical in which the mastoid cavities were obliterated with pedicle muscle grafts; and inlacl-canal-wall, 69 complete and 102 complete with opening of the facial recess. The following observations were made. 1. The cholesteatoma failure rate increased: for the open-cavity group, from 6% to 7%; obliterated-cavity group, 16% to 18%; intactcanal-wall group, 35% to 45%. 2. The precholesteatoma (retraction pocket) failure rate in the open-cavity and obliterated-cavity groups did not change. In the intact-canal-wall group, recurrent cholesteatomas developed in 8 cases initially classified as precholesteatomu failures. In 9 initially classified as successful, retraction pockets developed and 7 of these went on to recurrent cholesteatomas. Consequently, despite the progressive increase in formation of retraction pockets, the overall incidence dropped from 20% to 16%. 3. Failure due to chronic or frequent recurrent infection did not change in the open-cavity and intact-canal-wall groups. However, in the obliterated-cavity group, it increased from 4% to 5%. 4. The overall failure rate increased: open-cavity group, 18% to 19%; obliterated-cavity group, 29% to 30%; intact-canal-wall group, 60% to 66%.
Expression of genes involved in energy mobilization and osmoprotectant synthesis during thermal and dehydration stress in the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica

The Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, experiences sub-zero temperatures and desiccating conditions for much of the year, and in response to these environmental insults, larvae undergo rapid shifts in metabolism, mobilizing carbohydrate energy reserves to promote synthesis of low-molecular-mass osmoprotectants. In this study, we measured the expression of 11 metabolic genes in response to thermal and dehydration stress. During both heat and cold stress, we observed upregulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (pepck) and glycogen phosphorylase (gp) to support rapid glucose mobilization. In contrast, there was a general downregulation of pathways related to polyol, trehalose, and proline synthesis during both high- and low-temperature stress. Pepck was likewise upregulated in response to different types of dehydration stress; however, for many of the other genes, expression patterns depended on the nature of dehydration stress. Following fast dehydration, expression patterns were similar to those observed during thermal stress, i.e., upregulation of gp accompanied by downregulation of trehalose and proline synthetic genes. In contrast, gradual, prolonged dehydration (both at a constant temperature and in conjunction with chilling) promoted marked upregulation of genes responsible for trehalose and proline synthesis. On the whole, our data agree with known metabolic adaptations to stress in B. antarctica, although a few discrepancies between gene expression patterns and downstream metabolite contents point to fluxes that are not controlled at the level of transcription.
An Ecologically-Sustainable Surface Water Withdrawal Framework For Cropland Irrigation-A case study in Alabama

Agricultural production in the state of Alabama, USA, is mostly rain-fed, because of which it is vulnerable to drought during growing season. Since Alabama receives a significant portion of its annual precipitation during winter months, the goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of water withdrawal from streams during winter months for irrigation in the growing season. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to estimate the quantity of water that can be sustainably withdrawn from streams during winter high flow periods. The model was successfully calibrated and validated for surface runoff, base flow, and total stream flow. The stream flows generated by the model at several locations within the watershed were then used to examine how much water can be sustainably withdrawn from streams of various orders (first, second and third). Although there was a considerable year-to-year variability in the amount of water that can be withdrawn, a 16-year average showed that first, second, and third order streams can irrigate about 11.6, 10.3, and 10.6% of their drainage areas, respectively. The percentage of drainage area that can be irrigated was not a function of stream order.
Neuroimaging H.M.: a 10-year follow-up examination.

In 1997, Corkin et al. described the anatomical boundaries of the amnesic patient H.M.'s surgical resection, based on a comprehensive analy- sis of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans collected in 1992 and 1993 (Corkin et al. (1997) J Neurosci 17:3964-3979). We subsequently scanned H.M. on several occasions, employing more advanced data acquisition and analysis methods, and now describe additional details about his brain anatomy and pathology. This account combines results from high-resolution T1-weighted scans, which provide measures of cortical and subcortical morphometry, diffu- sion tensor images, which provide quantitative information about white matter microstructure and the anatomy of major fasciculi, and T2-weighted images, which highlight damage to deep white matter. We applied new MRI analysis techniques to these scans to assess the integrity of areas throughout H.M.'s brain. We documented a number of new changes, including cortical thinning, atrophy of deep gray matter structures, and a large volume of abnormal white matter and deep gray matter signal. Most of these alterations were not apparent in his prior scans, suggesting that they are of recent origin. Advanced age and hypertension likely contributed to these new findings. V C 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Cryo-STEM Reveals Humidity-Controlled Shape Change in Silica Nanoparticles

Cryo-electron microscopy allows the direct observation of cryo-immobilized structures in solution. It therefore is a powerful tool for visualizing formation processes in liquids for which resolution, contrast, or beam damage prevents real-time liquid cell TEM observation. Here, we use cryo-STEM to image at high-resolution hybrid mesoporous silica nanoparticles with structure dictated by the interaction between inorganic silica and an ordered organic template. We demonstrate that surprisingly these silica particles behave as shape change materials (SCMs). Shape changes can be induced via the presence of water, e.g. by controlling the humidity during particle drying, suggesting potential applications of these silica-based nanoparticles as humidity-responsive material.
Complete Pathologic Response Following Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and High-Dose-Rate Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Endometrial Carcinoma

The majority of uterine cancers present at an early stage because of abnormal post-menopausal bleeding. Locally advanced endometrial carcinoma with extension to the parametria represents a rare subset of patients with treatment options involving neoadjuvant therapy followed by extrafascial hysterectomy or definitive non-operative management. Neoadjuvant therapy enables R0 resection in the majority of patients but with relatively low rates of complete pathologic response. Herein, we detail the case of a patient with bulky FIGO Stage IIIB endometrial carcinoma with pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenopathy who achieved a complete response with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and high-dose-rate brachytherapy prior to extrafascial hysterectomy.
Tissue Type Identification by MRI Using Pyramidal Segmentation and Intrinsic Parameters

In Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) the signal intensity depends indirectly on particular physical and chemical characteristics of the tissues being imaged. These tissue properties influence the behavior of the nuclei undergoing resonance, and their behavior is what directly affects the MRI signal. The parameters of interest that describe this behavior are the relaxation times T1 and T2, the spin density (for hydrogen, N(H)), and the microscopic (diffusion) and macroscopic (flow, motion) motional states of the nuclei. Different imaging techniques result in different responses to these MRI parameters. These parameters exist, in turn, because of certain properties of the tissues: water content, fat content, macromolecules, paramagnetic ions and flow being among the significant variables.
Political vertigo in Dead Poets Society

Dead Poets Society offers a critical opportunity to investigate linkages between political expression and dramatic form. The film text combines comic and tragic structures in unusual ways, reflecting a contemporary political orientation toward institutions and social conformity. The analysis suggests that comedic “vertigo” is central to Dead Poets Society and other texts, and that this mechanism is a form of political expression and therapy for some contemporary American audiences.
La elección del cónyuge

Enfocando los topicos noviazgo y compromiso, edad al casarse y diferencias de edad entre los conyuges, este articulo recorre tres grandes periodos historicos: el periodo colonial; el siglo XIX hasta fines del XX; y el inicio del siglo XXI. Se trata de un analisis transdisciplinario de los puntos de vista historicos, sociales, demograficos, legales y juridicos, focalizandose en el desarrollo de esas situaciones, sea por persistencias y/o cambios; quien y cuales son los actores involucrados y su importancia en la eleccion de los futuros prometidos. En el comienzo, la seleccion se fundaba en el parentesco y en el territorio, privilegiando la gran red familiar solidaria en el enfrentamiento de las dificultades de sobrevivencia. Con los avances de la industrializacion, de la urbanizacion, de la tecnologia y de la comunicacion, ademas del crecimiento de la importancia de las personas, las elecciones se fueron transformando, disminuyendo la dependencia de la estructura familiar y aumentando la eleccion personal y afectiva, influenciadas por las variadas formas de cambios sociales, demograficos, juridicos.
Study of intracranial pressure in human brain during transcranial magnetic stimulation

This paper presents the results of cranial force in human brain due to electromagnetic pulse during transcranial magnetic stimulation. To model the force in a realistic brain, we used three dimensional magnetic resonance image of the 26 years old female subject. Simulation results show that during TMS procedure, there is a small force generated within the cranial tissue layers along with a torque value in different layers of brain tissues. The force depends on the magnitude of the magnetic field generated by the TMS coil.
Molecular composition of monoterpene secondary organic aerosol at low mass loading.

The molecular composition of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) from the ozonolysis of monoterpenes (α-pinene and β-pinene) was studied by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry and high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry techniques, both employing electrospray ionization (ESI). SOA particles were generated in a flow tube reactor with a reaction time of 23 s. A microsampling assembly in combination with ESI-FTICR analysis permitted SOA with a mass loading as low as 3.5 μg/m3 to be characterized with high accuracy and precision mass analysis. Hundreds of product molecular formulas were identified that were common to all mass loadings; however the relative intensities changed significantly. In particular, a species with the (neutral molecule) formula C17H26O8 increased substantially in intensity relative to other products as the mass loading decreased. Tandem mass spectrometry (MSn) of this species showed it to be a dimer of C9H14O4 and C8H12O4, most likely pinic acid and t...
Production of thermostable hemolysin by cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis.

creased attention (Quinn et al, 1965; Wilson and Stuart, 1965). The significance of hemolysin production by cultures of coagulase-negative staphylococci, as a factor which might contribute to their virulence, has not been established. Elek and Levy (1950) attributed the hemolysis produced on plates of rabbit blood agar by cultures of coagulasenegative staphylococci to epsilon hemolysin. However, Marks and Vaughan (1950) reported that the hemolysin of coagulase-negative staphylococci was delta hemolysin. Marks (1952) con-
A Rapid Solar Reduction Method to TiO2/MoO2/Graphene Nanocomposites for Photocatalytic Water Splitting

Semiconductor photocatalysis has emerged as an interesting area of research since the discovery of Honda-Fujishima effect. In this study, TiO2/MoO2/graphene composites have been prepared by a solar radiation-assisted co-reduction method, wherein ammonium tetrathiomolybdate salt and graphite oxide are reduced to MoO2 and graphene respectively along with TiO2. The method involved the utilization of focused pulses of natural sunlight using a simple convex lens, thereby eliminating the need for harmful reducing agents. The compound was characterized by XRD and SEM for phase identification and morphology. The TiO2/MoO2/graphene composite exhibits superior photocatalytic water splitting activity without using a co-catalyst. In addition, we demonstrate the electrocatalytic hydrogen production using this earth abundant catalyst, which shows high current density (60 mA/cm2) and low Tafel slope (47 mV/dec). The hydrogen evolved during photocatalysis was detected by gas chromatography.
Activity of the Face Fly in New Jersey

More face flies, Musca autumnalis DeGeer, are found on cows lying down than standing and these numbers increase further when animals are in the shade. There are large differences between individual animals, apparently influenced largely by color and animal activity. Fly activity is influenced most by incident light, provided temperatures are above 60–65°F. In studies of fly dispersal, marked flies were recovered at distances up to 1500 m within 72 hours after release. It is probable that they move much farther.
Hamiltonian Mapping Revisited: Calibrating Minimalist Models to Capture Molecular Recognition by Intrinsically Disordered Proteins.

Molecular recognition by intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) plays a central role in many critical cellular processes. Toward achieving detailed mechanistic understanding of IDP–target interactions, here we employ the “Hamiltonian mapping” methodology, which is rooted in the weighted histogram analysis method (WHAM), for the fast and efficient calibration of structure-based models in studies of IDPs. By performing reference simulations on a given Hamiltonian, we illustrate for two model IDPs how this method can extrapolate thermodynamic behavior under a range of modified Hamiltonians, in this case representing changes in the binding affinity (Kd) of the system. Given sufficient conformational sampling in a single trajectory, Hamiltonian mapping accurately reproduces Kd values from direct simulation. This method may be generally applied to systems beyond IDPs in force field optimization and in describing changes in thermodynamic behavior as a function of external conditions for connection with experiment.
Evaluation of a Multifunctional Targeted Nanoprobe for Photoacoustic and Fluorescence Image-guided Surgery

In this paper, we demonstrate that the use of nanoparticle-enhanced photoacoustic and fluorescence imaging can effectively assist a surgeon to locate primary tumors and identify residual disease, thus resulting in the reduction of tumor recurrence.
Direct Numerical Simulations of Three-Dimensional Cavity Flows

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of the full compressible Navier–Stokes equations are performed for cavities that are homogeneous in the spanwise direction. The formation of oscillating spanwise structures is observed inside the cavity. We show that this 3D instability arises from a generic centrifugal instability mechanism associated with the mean recirculating vortical flow in the downstream part of the cavity. In general, the threedimensional mode has a spanwise wavelength of approximately 1 cavity depth and oscillates with a frequency about an order-of-magnitude lower than 2D Rossiter (flow/acoustics) instabilities. The 3D mode properties are in excellent agreement with predictions from our previous linear stability analysis. When present, the shear-layer (Rossiter) oscillations experience a low-frequency modulation that arises from nonlinear interactions with the three-dimensional mode. We connect these results with the observation of low-frequency modulations and spanwise structures in previous experimental and numerical studies on open cavity flows. Preliminary results on the connections between the 3D centrifugal instabilities and the presence/suppression of the wake mode are also presented.
Screening and brief intervention for unhealthy substance use in patients with chronic medical conditions: a systematic review

Aims and objectives This systematic review describes studies evaluating screening tools and brief interventions for addressing unhealthy substance use in primary care patients with hypertension, diabetes or depression. Background Primary care is the main entry point to the health care system for most patients with comorbid unhealthy substance use and chronic medical conditions. Although of great public health importance, systematic reviews of screening tools and brief interventions for unhealthy substance use in this population that are also feasible for use in primary care have not been conducted. Design Systematic review. Methods We systematically review the research literature on evidence-based tools for screening for unhealthy substance use in primary care patients with depression, diabetes and hypertension, and utilising brief interventions with this population. Results Despite recommendations to screen for and intervene with unhealthy substance use in primary care patients with chronic medical conditions, the review found little indication of routine use of these practices. Limited evidence suggested the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C screeners had adequate psychometric characteristics in patients with the selected chronic medical conditions. Screening scores indicating more severe alcohol use were associated with health-risk behaviours and poorer health outcomes, adding to the potential usefulness of screening for unhealthy alcohol use in this population. Conclusions Studies support brief interventions' effectiveness with patients treated for hypertension or depression who hazardously use alcohol or cannabis, for both substance use and chronic medical condition outcomes. Relevance to clinical practice Although small, the international evidence base suggests that screening with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test or Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C and brief interventions for primary care patients with chronic medical conditions, delivered by nurses or other providers, are effective for identifying unhealthy substance use and associated with healthy behaviours and improved outcomes. Lacking are studies screening for illicit drug use, and using single-item screening tools, which could be especially helpful for frontline primary care providers including nurses.
An Image Recognition Algorithm on Small Arms Shooting Target in Complex Field Background

On image recognition of small arms shooting target in complex field background,this paper adopts a hybrid algorithm to separate target area form background image firstly.The algorithm combines the color space clustering analysis and threshold segmentation and is a two-step segmentation algorithm of target image based on S and I channel.Then,based on the boosting algorithm of machine learning theory,a strong classifier is built by using the shape characteristic and texture characteristic of target area.It can not only separate the target area from other area,but also conclude the type of target.
Pharmaceutical services in hospital-based home health-care agencies - 1982

A survey of Medicare-certified hospital-based home health-care agencies was conducted in May 1982 to determine the type and extent of pharmaceutical services provided. A 12-page questionnaire was mailed to 243 directors of U.S. agencies that were identified from a 1976 directory. The questions elicited information about the characteristics of the director and agency, personnel, reimbursement, and scope of services. The overall response rate was 73.7%. Ninety-five percent of the agency directors were nurses. The median patient census of the agencies was 110. All agencies reported offering visiting-nurse services, 92% provided home health-aide services, and 46% offered home hospice services. Ninety-nine percent and 91% reported receiving reimbursement from Medicare and Medicaid, respectively. One fourth of the agencies provided home services that traditionally involve hospital pharmacists, including intravenous therapy (29%), home chemotherapy (18%), and total parenteral nutrition (18%). Although 85% of the agency directors reported using the services of a pharmacist, only 4% actually employed a pharmacist on their staff. The directors viewed educational programs, drug regimen review, and drug information services as the most important functions of pharmacists in home health-care agencies. Although these agencies provided an array of pharmaceutical services in 1982, very few pharmacists were actually employed. Additional studies are needed to re-evaluate the current status of pharmacy involvement in home health care.