cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Papillary thyroid cancer.

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), the most common thyroid malignancy, is associated with an excellent prognosis. Overall survival is more than 90%. The first-line treatment is surgical excision, and although the debate continues as to whether a total thyroidectomy or thyroid lobectomy should be recommended, most patients at the University of California, San Francisco are treated with a total thyroidectomy. Not only has this been shown to be superior for overall survival in select patient populations, but local recurrence is also significantly lower with this approach. Total thyroidectomy also optimizes the adjuvant treatment options that are unique to “differentiated” thyroid cancer because these malignant cells retain many of the features of the native thyroid follicular cell. These cellular features are used for specialized investigations and treatment options in patients with PTC. For example, PTC cells retain the ability to produce thyroglobulin, to be stimulated by thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH), and to take up iodine. These features are vital and separate differentiated thyroid cancer from other epithelial malignancies because such features can be used in clinical follow-up (monitoring serum thyroglobulin levels, whole body radioactive iodine scans) and in the treatment of patients with PTC (TSH suppression, radioactive iodine ablation of thyroid remnant, local recurrences, and regional or distant metastases). In summary, the wide array of treatment options for patients with PTC includes surgery, radioactive iodine, thyroid hormone suppression of TSH, external beam radiation (less commonly), and rarely, chemotherapy. This continues to be an area of exciting research for emerging therapy, much of which concentrates on enhancing or re-establishing the differentiated features of the thyroid cancer cell, in an effort to optimize the adjuvant treatment options. The treatment options that are chosen depend on patient factors, disease factors, and the decisions of the patient and treatment team.
A Phase I study of intermittently dosed vorinostat in combination with bortezomib in patients with advanced solid tumors

Background Accumulating evidence shows evidence of efficacy with the combination of vorinostat and bortezomib in solid tumors. We previously examined a once-daily continuous dosing schedule of vorinostat in combination with bortezomib which was well tolerated in cycles 1 and 2; however, there was concern regarding the tolerability through multiple cycles. This study was conducted to evaluate an intermittent dosing schedule of vorinostat with bortezomib. Methods Vorinostat was initially administered orally twice daily on days 1–14 with bortezomib IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21 day cycle. Two DLTs (elevated ALT and fatigue) were observed at dose level 1, thus the protocol was amended to administer vorinostat intermittently twice daily on days 1–4 and 8–11. Results 29 patients were enrolled; 13 men and 16 women. Common cancer types included sarcoma, pancreatic, colorectal, GIST, and breast. The most common Grade 3–4 toxicities at any dose level included thrombocytopenia, fatigue, increased ALT, elevated INR, and diarrhea. DLTs in the intermittent dosing scheduled included thrombocytopenia and fatigue. The Cmax and AUC for the intermittent dosing regimen were similar to those observed in the daily dosing. In this heavily pretreated population, stable disease was observed in patients with sarcoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma and GIST. Conclusions The MTD was established at vorinostat 300 mg BID on days 1–4 and 8–11 and bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2 IV on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 21 day cycle. Tolerability was not improved with the intermittent dosing schedule of vorinostat when compared to continuous dosing.
The Play's the Thing: A Clinical-Developmental Perspective on Video Games

In this article, computer and video games are discussed as electronic play. Major perspectives on play and salient developmental issues are presented, along with similarities and differences between electronic play and other types of play. The authors consider possible benefits and risks associated with this type of play, with particular attention paid to cognitive and socioemotional development. Recommendations for clinicians in their work with children, adolescents, and parents are discussed, as are future directions for research.
What are the risks of operative intervention

Purpose The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review, identify the studies with the highest level of evidence, and summarize the complications associated with operative treatment of impacted third molars (M3s). Materials and Methods To address the research purpose, a search of PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Database was performed, using the Medical Subject Headings search terms “third molars” or “wisdom teeth,” “complications,” “periodontal complications,” “temporomandibular joint,” “nerve involvement,” “sinus communication,” and “mandibular fracture.” Individual case reports and anecdotal reports were excluded from review. Results Relevant studies for the following complications were identified and are reported: 1) periodontal, 2) temporomandibular joint, 3) nerve injury, 4) sinus, and 5) other. Conclusions Quality-of-life studies have indicated that around 10% of patients undergoing M3 removal may have a complication. However, most complications are mild and self-limited and undergo complete resolution. Most patients are back at work or school after 2 to 3 days, and long-term complications are rare. Clinicians advocating M3 removal should review in detail the risks of operative intervention in conjunction with the benefits of removal and should be prepared to prevent, anticipate, and manage these complications.
A new mathematical approach predicts individual cell growth behavior using bacterial population information.

A theoretical methodology has been developed for studying the growth kinetics of bacterial cells. It utilizes the steady-state cell length distribution in a bacterial population to predict the dependency of growth and division rates on cell length and age. The mathematical model has been applied to the analysis of two bacterial populations, a wild-type strain of Bacillus subtilis, and a minicell-producing strain that carries the divIVB1 mutation. The results show that our model describes the wild-type population very well and that the assumptions typically used in traditional methods are unrealistic. In the case of the minicell-producing mutant we find evidence that the rate of cell division must be a function not only of cell size but also of cell age.
A simplified single-inductor dual-output DC-DC buck converter architecture with a fully digital Σ-Δ based controller

In this paper, a fully digital single-inductor dualoutput (SIDO) DC-DC Buck converter architecture is presented. The proposed converter features a simplified control loop that eliminates duplication of the controller sub blocks and allows for use of a single Pulse Width Modulator (PWM), compensator, and comparator to regulate the two outputs, therefore reducing overall system complexity. A 3rd order ΣΔ modulator was adopted for the implementation of the PWM generator resulting in spurious tone free operation. The ΣΔ modulator is implemented digitally with a minimum response delay time topology and reduced hardware complexity achieved through error masking and dithering. In addition, digitization of error signals in the control loop is achieved using non-feedback firstorder ΣΔ frequency Discriminators (SDFD) that are combined in an arrangement robust to process, voltage and temperature (PVT) variations. The design was implemented in 14nm technology and validated with simulations. Output voltage ripple is ∼20mV and conversion efficiency 91%.
The importance of being aromatic: π interactions in sodium symporters.

In the LeuT family of sodium solute symporters, 13–17% of the residues in transmembrane domains are aromatic. The unique properties of aromatic amino acids allow them to play specialized roles in proteins, but their function in membrane transporters is underappreciated. Here we analyze the π bonding pattern in the LeuT (5TMIR) family and then describe the role of a triad of aromatic residues in sodium-dependent sugar cotransporters (SGLTs). In SLC5 symporters, three aromatic residues in TM6 (SGLT1 W289, Y290, and W291) are conserved in only those transporting sugars and inositols. We used biophysical analysis of mutants to discover their functional roles, which we have interpreted in terms of CH−π, π–π, and cation−π bonding. We discovered that (1) glucose binding involves CH−π stacking with Y290, (2) π T-stacking interactions between Y290 and W291 and H-bonding between Y290 and N78 (TM1) are essential to form the sodium and sugar binding sites, (3) the Na+:sugar stoichiometry is determined by these residu...
Coalescing and annihilating random walk with ‘action at a distance’

We consider a system of particles which perform continuous time random walks onZ d . These random walks are independent as long as no two particles are at the same site or adjacent to each other. When a particle jumps from a site x to a sitey and there is already another particle aty or at some neighbory′ ofy, then there is an interaction. In the coalescing model, either the particle which just jumped toy is removed (or, equivalently, coalesces with a particle aty ory′) or all the particles at the sites adjacent toy (other thanx) are removed. In the annihilating random walk, the particle which just jumped toy and one particle aty ory′ annihilate each other. We prove that when the dimensiond is at least 9, then the density of this system is asymptotically equivalent toC/t for some constant C, whose value is explicitly given.
Extreme environment technologies for NASA's robotic planetary exploration

Abstract NASA's 2006 Solar System Exploration Roadmap recommended a set of robotic exploration missions for the next 30 years, in small, medium and large mission classes. These proposed missions are expected to target planets, moons and small bodies in the Solar System, while encountering diverse extreme environmental conditions through their mission phases. These extreme environments (EE) include high and low temperatures and pressures, and high radiation environments at various planetary destinations. EE conditions are often coupled, including high temperatures and pressures near the surface of Venus; or low temperatures and radiation at the Jovian System, for instance near Europa. Extreme environments due to mission operations are also a consideration, for example aeroshell thermal heating during planetary entry. While some of the technologies for EE mitigation are currently available, development of numerous new technologies are also required to enable missions and thus NASA's exploration plans. In response, a comprehensive assessment was performed to identify the state of practice for EE technologies. Furthermore, recommendations were given for future technology developments. In this paper we outline the findings of the EE Technologies Study Team, including discussions on the state of practice of EE technologies; mission impacts; and emerging technology capabilities to enable mission architectures. Under emerging technologies we describe protection systems; component hardening for electronics, mechanisms and energy storage under high and low temperature conditions; and mobility operations. It is expected that the recommendations from the EE report would assist NASA with technology program planning and would help identifying priorities for near term technology investments.
Ground State Energy of the One-Dimensional Discrete Random Schrödinger Operator with Bernoulli Potential

In this paper we show the that the ground state energy of the one-dimensional discrete random Schrodinger operator with Bernoulli potential is controlled asymptotically as the system size N goes to infinity by the random variable l N , the length the longest consecutive sequence of sites on the lattice with potential equal to zero. Specifically, we will show that for almost every realization of the potential the ground state energy behaves asymptotically as ${\frac{\pi^{2}}{(\ell_{N} +1)^{2}}} $ in the sense that the ratio of the quantities goes to one.
Relationship Quality and the Mentoring of Aggressive, High-Risk Children

We used data from a randomized clinical trial to examine the degree to which relationship quality predicted outcomes for aggressive children in two different mentoring programs. Data were available for 145 aggressive children in Grades 2 and 3. Children were blocked by school and randomly assigned to PrimeTime (n = 75) or Lunch Buddy (n = 70) programs. PrimeTime combined community-based mentoring with child-focused skills training and consultation for parents and teachers, and mentors were extensively trained and supervised. Lunch Buddy was a stand-alone, school-based mentoring program that involved lunchtime visits and a different mentor each semester. PrimeTime children rated their mentors as more supportive than did Lunch Buddy children. Relationship conflict predicted changes in teacher-rated externalizing problems. Ratings of relationship quality interacted with treatment in predicting changes in parent-rated externalizing behavior for PrimeTime children only.
Effects of sample composition on coefficient estimation and hypothesis testing by correlation with a dummy variable

This paper explored sample composition as a potential source of error in coefficient estimation and hypothesis testing by correlation with a dummy variable. Specific examples were provided to demonstrate to researchers the significance of this source of error. Although the problem is examined in light of the statistical consequences, composition of the sample, which is the actual source of error, is a methodological issue.
Convertible Debt Issuance and Market Completeness

Recent empirical evidence on option listings supports the notion that equity options help to span the market. This paper investigates the role of convertible debt in market completion. To the extent that the warrant portion of convertible instruments is similar to a call option, the securities can provide payoffs in states of nature that were previously unspanned. Stockholders of firms without listed options or pre-existing warrant-related securities suffer less severe wealth declines around convertible offerings than do owners of firms with contingent claims on their stock. The results suggest that, particularly before the rise of options on index futures, convertible debt played a market-spanning role similar to that of equity options.
Maintenance of the macromolecular barrier at cell extrusion sites in intestinal epithelium: Physiological rearrangement of tight junctions

All epithelia slough dying cells but the consequences of this physiological process to epithelial barrier functions is unknown. In mammalian small intestine absorptive cells are known to migrate from the villus base to the villus tip from which they slough. These villus tip extrusion zones are often envisioned as sites at which macromolecules could leak across the epithelium. However, only trace amounts of macromolecules cross this epithelium even though, based on known epithelial turnover rates, extrusion events occur millions of times daily. Here, we examine the characteristics of the epithelial barrier to macromolecular permeation at villus tip extrusion zones in rats and hamsters. Freeze-fracture, light and electron microscope studies reveal that extruding cells do not leave transient holes behind as they lift from the epithelium. Rather, as cells extrude, processes of adjacent cells extend under them. Moreover, tight junction elements proliferate between extruding cells and their neighbors and appear to move down the lateral margin of the extruding cell as it extends into the lumen. These observations suggest that newly formed junctional elements “zipper” the epithelium closed as extrusion proceeds thus preventing epithelial discontinuities from occurring. Correlative in vivo perfusion experiments using horseradish peroxidase as a macromolecular-tracershow that the above described dynamic alterations in tight junctions at extrusion sites are generally sufficient to prevent transepithelial leaks of macromolecules.
High-yield conversion of plant biomass into the key value-added feedstocks 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, levulinic acid, and levulinic esters via 5-(chloromethyl)furfural

5-(Hydroxymethyl)furfural, levulinic acid, ethyl levulinate and butyl levulinate are produced by the solvolysis of 5-(chloromethyl)furfural (CMF). Since CMF can be derived in high yield from sugars, cellulose, or lignocellulosic feedstocks, the process described here presents an efficient entry into the value-added manifold of biomass-derived products of relevance to the organic materials and fuel industries.
The effects of soil type and effluent pre-treatment on soil aquifer treatment

A matrix of three different levels of effluent pre-treatment and four different soil types was used in a study on the effects of soil type and effluent pre-treatment on Soil Aquifer Treatment (SAT). The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of SAT for the recharge of groundwater and indirect potable reuse. The soils represented a wide range of hydrological and physicochemical characteristics from a proposed recharge site in Phoenix, Arizona, USA. Effluents studied included denitrified and conventional secondary effluents. These effluents contain different levels of biological oxygen demand (BOD5), organic carbon, ammonia, and nitrate. Ten 2.6 m columns were operated under different wetting/drying cycles. For the effluents studied, resultsindicate that effluent pre-treatment does not impact organic carbon removal efficiencies. Under optimal wetting/drying cycle times, BOD5 can be removed efficiently although a residual organic carbon concentration of 5–6 mg/l persists. Ammonia is effectively nitrified under most conditions but denitrification does not readily occur even when denitrified effluent is applied. Soil Aquifer Treatment appears to be a robust treatment system for denitrified effluent producing total nitrogen concentrations less than 8 mg/l and organic carbon concentrations less than 6 mg/l.
Race, status attainment, and depression: intervening effects of consequential life events

This article develops and tests a path model of the impact of consequential life events on race differences in depression. Four sets of variables are included in the model: ascribed status and other background variables, consequential events in the life course, current status, and depression. Data from over 11,000 respondents (2,391 Blacks, 9,419 Whites) are analyzed to explore the impact of the background variables and current status on depression and to assess whether the consequential life event variables intervene between the background variables and depression. The results suggest that race difference in depression is a function of both the consequential life events and current status variables. However, disparity in current status explained most of the race differences in depressive symptoms. The analysis also found a significant interaction between race and education.
Adsorbate Vibrational Effects on the Photodesorption of CO from Cu(001)

We have studied the desorption dynamics of vibrationally excited CO on Cu(001), induced by femtosecond pulses of visible light. The theory is based on a density matrix approach and the propagation ...
Microstructure of Carbon Nanofiber/Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer Composites

The properties and microstructure of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP, Vectran V400P) were investigated in the presence of carbon nanofibers (CNF). The electrical conductivity of TLCP increased with an addition of CNFs. The thermal analysis of pure TLCP and its composites revealed that a glass transition at ∼ 110°C did not change significantly. However, a decrease of tensile modulus and strength was observed with the addition of CNFs. WAXD studies showed a decrease of Herman's orientation parameter, indicating reduction of anisotropy of TLCP. Further, the disruption of molecular orientation of TLCPs was inferred by SEM and TEM analysis. SEM micrographs revealed a fibrillar structure for pure TLCPs at a macro-scale (2–5 μm). However, this structure was not observed in composites at the same scale even though micro-size fibrils (0.05 μm) were found with the addition of CNFs. TEM micrographs displayed banded structures of pure TLCPs, but these structures were not significant in the vicinity of CNFs. These observations confirmed that a decrease of molecular alignment and disruption of fibrillar structure of TLCP, in the presence of nanofibers, are attributed to a significant decrease in tensile modulus and strength. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The Pattern-Oriented Approach: A Framework for the Experience of Work

carriers. In the variable-oriented approach, the focus of interest is variables, studied across persons, and their relationship to specific criteria. Furthermore, problems are formulated and results are interpreted in terms of variables. In contrast, pattern-oriented research seeks to understand human functioning. Here the focus of interest is on the person and his or her Gestalt. We can sum up the essential difference between the two approaches by saying the pattern approach takes a holistic and dynamic view of the individual as an integrated totality over time, whereas the variable approach views the individual as a summation of variables over time. The idea of person-oriented research
The Allometry of Host-Pathogen Interactions

Background Understanding the mechanisms that control rates of disease progression in humans and other species is an important area of research relevant to epidemiology and to translating studies in small laboratory animals to humans. Body size and metabolic rate influence a great number of biological rates and times. We hypothesize that body size and metabolic rate affect rates of pathogenesis, specifically the times between infection and first symptoms or death. Methods and Principal Findings We conducted a literature search to find estimates of the time from infection to first symptoms (tS) and to death (tD) for five pathogens infecting a variety of bird and mammal hosts. A broad sampling of diseases (1 bacterial, 1 prion, 3 viruses) indicates that pathogenesis is controlled by the scaling of host metabolism. We find that the time for symptoms to appear is a constant fraction of time to death in all but one disease. Our findings also predict that many population-level attributes of disease dynamics are likely to be expressed as dimensionless quantities that are independent of host body size. Conclusions and Significance Our results show that much variability in host pathogenesis can be described by simple power functions consistent with the scaling of host metabolic rate. Assessing how disease progression is controlled by geometric relationships will be important for future research. To our knowledge this is the first study to report the allometric scaling of host/pathogen interactions.
Radiofrequency ablation of liver metastasis from ovarian adenocarcinoma: case report and literature review.

Abstract Background . Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive technique that can eradicate malignant disease in the liver, including metastatic disease from gynecological primary tumors. Case . An 81-year-old female underwent percutaneous RFA for a solitary intrahepatic metastatic lesion that was her only known site of disease 2 years after definitive surgery and chemotherapy for stage IIIC ovarian adenocarcinoma. She was able to start systemic chemotherapy 1 week after RFA, and continues to be free of disease in the liver. Conclusion . RFA can be a useful tool for treating liver tumors in patients who would otherwise not be candidates for liver resection. Its advantages include minimal invasiveness, low morbidity, and rapid recovery for expeditious treatment with systemic chemotherapy.
Independence in Generalized Interval Probability

Recently we proposed a new form of imprecise probability based on the generalized interval, where the probabilistic calculus structure resembles the traditional one in the precise probability because of the Kaucher arithmetic. In this paper, we study the independence properties of the generalized interval probability. It resembles the stochastic independence with proper and improper intervals and supports logic interpretation. The graphoid properties of the independence are investigated.
A multiresolution approach to texture segmentation using neural networks

The authors introduce a texture segmentation algorithm that combines texture information at a low resolution level and local edge information at a high resolution to obtain an accurate segmentation. An entropy-based criterion for determining an optimum segmentation scale is proposed. A set of features consistent with the scaling model is described. It is used with a neural network to perform a low-resolution segmentation. Also described is a procedure for resolving the ambiguity in the boundary location resulting from the low-resolution segmentation process. This procedure makes use of a set of morphological filters and edges extracted at a higher resolution. The utility and accuracy of the method are demonstrated with a relatively complex example. The major limitation of the method is that the training time of the neural network classifier increases with the number of nodes in the network. >
Intervention Studies on Forgiveness: A Meta‐Analysis

In this meta-analysis, 9 published studies (N = 330) that investigated the efficacy of forgiveness interventions within counseling were examined. After a review of theories of forgiveness, it was discovered that the studies could logically be grouped into 3 categories: decision-based, process-based group, and process-based individual interventions. When compared with control groups, for measures of forgiveness and other emotional health measures, the decision-based interventions showed no effect, the process-based group interventions showed significant effects, and the process-based individual interventions showed large effects. Consequently, effectiveness has been shown for use of forgiveness in clinical and other settings.
The Business Man as a Business Historian

One of the most interesting and significant sources, which in the search for material on the history of business is generally tapped in vain, is the diary or autobiography of the American business man. All too often he leaves behind him copious accounts of his travels, his philanthropies, his religious, political and cultural interests, but fails to bequeath to posterity other than fragmentary records of that which is most important of all from the social point of view, his business activities. The successful business man works not only in order to secure a competency which will enable him later to devote himself to his real interests in life, such as art and politics; whether he knows it or not, business is in most cases his real interest and his real talent. How worthwhile it would be, therefore, to read his own accounts of that activity, of his true vocation, which he understands and can interpret for those of later generations as no one else can do.
The Reentry Hypothesis: The Putative Interaction of the Frontal Eye Field, Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex, and Areas V4, IT for Attention and Eye Movement

Attention is known to play a key role in perception, including action selection, object recognition and memory. Despite findings revealing competitive interactions among cell populations, attention remains difficult to explain. The central purpose of this paper is to link up a large number of findings in a single computational approach. Our simulation results suggest that attention can be well explained on a network level involving many areas of the brain. We argue that attention is an emergent phenomenon that arises from reentry and competitive interactions. We hypothesize that guided visual search requires the usage of an object-specific template in prefrontal cortex to sensitize V4 and IT cells whose preferred stimuli match the target template. This induces a feature-specific bias and provides guidance for eye movements. Prior to an eye movement, a spatially organized reentry from occulomotor centers, specifically the movement cells of the frontal eye field, occurs and modulates the gain of V4 and IT cells. The processes involved are elucidated by quantitatively comparing the time course of simulated neural activity with experimental data. Using visual search tasks as an example, we provide clear and empirically testable predictions for the participation of IT, V4 and the frontal eye field in attention. Finally, we explain a possible physiological mechanism that can lead to non-flat search slopes as the result of a slow, parallel discrimination process.
Power and Area Efficient VLSI Architectures for Communication Signal Processing

A methodology for VLSI realization of signal processing algorithms for wireless communications is presented that optimizes architecture for reduced power and area. When power is limited, optimal architecture represents a point on the best power-area tradeoff curve that is obtained by balancing the algorithm throughput with the power-performance tradeoff of the underlying building blocks. Architectural optimization is done in the graphical Matlab/Simulink environment, which is also used for algorithm verification. Hardware description language produced by Simulink enables algorithm emulation on the FPGA and also serves as design entry for the chip realization. This is illustrated on complex multi-dimensional algorithms such as wideband MIMO channel decoupling through singular value decomposition (SVD) using 16 sub-carriers.
PHASE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LOW-FREQUENCY OSCILLATIONS OF CEREBRAL DEOXY- AND OXY-HEMOGLOBIN CONCENTRATIONS DURING A MENTAL TASK.

Hemodynamic low-frequency (~0.1 Hz) spontaneous oscillations as detected in the brain by near-infrared spectroscopy have potential applications in the study of brain activation, cerebral autoregulation, and functional connectivity. In this work, we have investigated the phase lag between oscillations of cerebral deoxy- and oxy-hemoglobin concentrations in the frequency range 0.05–0.10 Hz in a human subject during a mental workload task. We have obtained a measure of such phase lag using two different methods: (1) phase synchronization analysis as used in the theory of chaotic oscillators and (2) a novel cross-correlation phasor approach. The two methods yielded comparable initial results of a larger phase lag between low-frequency oscillations of deoxy- and oxy-hemoglobin concentrations during mental workload with respect to a control, rest condition.
An Evaluation of Three Demonstration Child Abuse and Neglect Treatment Programs

Abstract This paper reviews findings about treating the abused or neglected child from the first national evaluation of child abuse and neglect programs. Very few children were treated by these programs. Seventy children who did receive therapeutic intervention exhibited a variety of psychosocial, emotional, and developmental problems, not unlike those possessed by abusive parents, at the time they entered treatment. Many of these problems were resolved by the end of treatment. Success with 1,724 parents served by the projects, however, was not the rule. Better ways of working with these families in crisis are required.
A Cognitive Framework for Reasoning with Scientific Models

Humans reason by analogy (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980; Gentner, 1983; 2003; Hofstadter, 2001, 2006; Pinker, 2007). Some have further argued that analogs can be scientific models (Hesse, 1966, Clement,...
Weighted Random Routing on Torus Networks

In this paper, we introduce a new closed-form oblivious routing algorithm called W2TURN that is worst-case throughput optimal for 2D-torus networks. W2TURN is based on a weighted random selection of paths that contain at most two turns. In terms of average hop count, W2TURN outperforms the best previously known closed-form worst-case throughput optimal routing algorithm called IVAL. In addition, we present a new optimal weighted random routing algorithm for rings called WRD.
Patient‐Specific Dose Finding Based on Bivariate Outcomes and Covariates

Summary A Bayesian sequential dose-finding procedure based on bivariate (efficacy, toxicity) outcomes that accounts for patient covariates and dose-covariate interactions is presented. Historical data are used to obtain an informative prior on covariate main effects, with uninformative priors assumed for all dose effect parameters. Elicited limits on the probabilities of efficacy and toxicity for each of a representative set of covariate vectors are used to construct bounding functions that determine the acceptability of each dose for each patient. Elicited outcome probability pairs that are equally desirable for a reference patient are used to define two different posterior criteria, either of which may be used to select an optimal covariate-specific dose for each patient. Because the dose selection criteria are covariate specific, different patients may receive different doses at the same point in the trial, and the set of eligible patients may change adaptively during the trial. The method is illustrated by a dose-finding trial in acute leukemia, including a simulation study.
Jak/STAT Signaling in HNC

The Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway relays signals from cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases to the nucleus, thereby altering the expression of genes regulating normal cell functions, including growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Constitutive Jak/STAT activation has been detected in most epithelial malignancies including head and neck cancer (HNC). STAT3 activation in HNC alters cell cycle progression, inhibits apoptosis, and facilitates proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Inhibition of aberrant STAT3 by a variety of strategies has been shown to abrogate HNC growth in vitro and in vivo suggesting that clinical approaches to block STAT3 activation may be beneficial in this cancer. Understanding the consequences of Jak/STAT pathway mutation is integral to developing and improving targeted therapies for HNC. In this chapter, we will review Jak and STAT inhibitors presently under development in preclinical models as well as treatments further along the pipeline that have entered clinical investigation.
Interactions of Prostaglandin E(1) and Catecholamines in Isolated Vascular Smooth Muscle

Prostaglandin E compounds are potent vasodepressors in situ, decreasing blood pressure and vascular resistance. Von Euler (1936) showed that prostaglandin lowers blood pressure and induces vasodilatation in the perfused hindlimb of the cat, Lee et al (1965) concluded that the vasodepressor action of PGE(1) was attributable to a direct relaxation effect on peripheral arteriolar beds, Weiner and Kaley (1969) have shown that PGE(1) has a direct transient vasodilator effect on muscular microvessels and another independent effect whereby it antagonizes the vasoconstrictor action of angiotensin, vasopressin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Hedwall et al (1970) also demonstrated that the direct venodilator effect of PGE(1) could be dissociated from its inhibition of venoconstrictor responses to nerve stimulation, norepinephrine, and angiotensin,
Torsional Vibration of Viscoelastic Foundations

Simple approximate solutions are presented for the steady-state response of rigid circular foundations which are supported at the surface of a linear viscoelastic half space and are excited by a harmonically varying torque. The half space is idealized either as a standard Voigt solid or as a constant hysteretic solid. Comprehensive data are presented and their significance analyzed. It is shown that the principal effects of material damping are to increase the damping capacity of the system and to reduce its natural frequency. The increase in damping and the associated reduction in response may be of considerable practical consequence. Some attention is also given to the response of foundations subjected to transient excitations, and a procedure is recommended for interrelating the responses of systems for the two models of viscoelastic action investigated. It is shown that, provided the parameters of the two viscoelastic models are selected as recommended, the maximum transient responses of the two models are for most practical purposes equal.
Help, we started a journal! : adventures in supporting open access publishing using Open Journal Systems [slides]

Slides with notes from a presentation on library support for open access publishing using Open Journal Systems (OJS). Delivered November 5, 2015 at the Charleston Conference in Charleston, SC.
Infestation of Oothecae of Introduced Asiatic Mantids by Podagrion Mantis Ashmead

Examination of two lots, one consisting of twenty-seven oothecae of the Chinese mantis, Tenodera sinensis Saussure, the other of seventy belonging to the more recent introduction, T. angnstipennis Saussure, disclosed the presence in both forms, but especially the latter, of the egg-parasite, Podagrion mantis Ashmead.[1][1] Both lots were collected late in December, 1937, at Ocean View, Cape May County, New Jersey. [1]: #fn-1
A Structural and Operational Analysis of Diurnal Resting Shelters for Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Studies on mosquito shelter size showed that a shelter 30 cm high, 40 cm wide and 20 cm deep was comparable to the 30-cm cube commonly used and that the use of smaller shelters would reduce the numbers of Culiseta melanura, Cs. morsitans, Anopheles punctipennis, An. quadrimaculatus and Culex territans . A 30 × 30 × 20-cm shelter served as well as either larger shelter for simply detecting the presence or absence of these 5 species. Mosquito numbers varied in proportion to the size of the opening of a 30 × 40 × 20-cm shelter. Surface texture and the presence of vertical or horizontal half-partitions did not influence size of catch. No differences were found among shelters with either a black, blue, brown, green or red interior, but shelters with a white, grey or ½ white-½ black interior or a white exterior attracted significantly fewer mosquitoes. Shelters opening toward the swamp attracted more mosquitoes than those facing away when the shelters were adjacent to the swamp. West-facing shelters consistently had more mosquitoes than east-facing shelters when inspections were made in the morning, while there were no significant differences among shelters when inspections were made in the evening. The west- and north-facing shelters had significantly fewer specimens in the evening than they did in the morning, while there were no significant differences between morning and evening collections in the east- and south-facing shelters. Recommendations for the construction, placement and inspection of shelters are given.
Who will hire truthful epileptics

The fact that epileptics whose seizures are controlled are vocationally normal has not been accepted by the public at large, and it is unlikely that this situation will soon change. More often than not, the epileptic must keep his illness a secret to get and hold a job.
Epidemiological analysis on serogroup W135 Neisseria meningitidis firstly isolated from patient in Guangdong province

2007年6月8日,广东省疾病预防控制中心对中山市某医院收治1例流行性脑脊髓膜炎(流脑)病例进行调查.根据流行病学特征、临床表现并结合实验室检测结果,判断本起疫情为W135群脑膜炎奈瑟菌引起的流脑病例。
High-temperature thermoelectric properties of p-Type Yb-Filled skutterudite nanocomposites with FeSb 2 nanoinclusions

Bulk thermoelectric (TE) nanocomposite materials have attracted considerable attention due to their great potential to exhibit higher dimensionless figure of merit ZT. Filled skutterudites of both n-type and p-type have already demonstrated their excellent high-temperature TE performance, good mechanical properties, and thermal stability. Herein, we extend this work to Yb-filled p-type skutterudite nanocomposites with in situ precipitated FeSb2 nanoinclusions. Such a nanocomposite material can be easily synthesized by fine control of starting stoichiometry and the subsequent heat treatment process. By taking advantage of these naturally occurring FeSb2 nanoparticles, we achieve ZTmax = 0.74 in Yb0.6Fe2Co2Sb12/0.05FeSb2 at 780 K. We apply the method of four coefficients to calculate the density-of-states effective mass and the carrier scattering parameter. We find that a larger effective mass induced by the presence of nanoparticles is the origin of the enhanced Seebeck coefficient.
Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma to the Bladder: Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report the nineteenth documented case of a metastatic renal cell carcinoma implant to the bladder. Our patient, like others, presented with gross hematuria 6 years after treatment of the primary lesion. The literature is reviewed with reference to documented and unsupported cases. The hypotheses for the mechanism or mechanisms of spread and treatment regimens are discussed. The differential diagnosis of hematuria following nephrectomy for hypernephroma should include the possibility of metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the bladder.
Patterns of HIV Treatment Adherence do not Differ Between Male and Female Adolescents in Botswana

We hypothesized that longer and more frequent dosing gaps among boys in Botswana taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection compared to girls could account for previously seen gender-specific differences in outcomes. We monitored 154 male and 134 female adolescents for 2 years with medication event monitoring systems (MEMS). Median adherence was 95.6 % for males and 95.7 % for females (p = 0.40). There were no significant gender differences in the number of ≥7 day (p = 0.55) and ≥14 day (p = 0.48) dosing gaps. The median maximal gap was 7.7 days for males and 8.0 days for females (p = 0.47). These findings are not consistent with clinically meaningful gender differences in adherence.
National Rise of Primary Pancreatic Carcinoid Tumors: Comparison to Functional and Nonfunctional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors

Background New guidelines recommend differentiating between carcinoid and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) during clinical trials. However, little is known about the behavior and incidence of primary pancreatic carcinoid tumors. Study Design We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) to identify adults with primary PNETs diagnosed between 2004 and 2013. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate overall survival, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess the hazard of death in resected patients. Results Of 10,752 patients, 12.7% were diagnosed with carcinoid tumors, 84.7% with nonfunctional and 2.6% with functional PNETs. Although the number of functional PNETs has remained relatively constant over time, rates of nonfunctional and carcinoid tumors have risen dramatically. Only 36 (5.7%) carcinoid tumors were diagnosed in 2004; this increased to 497 (27.7%) in 2013. Overall survival was significantly longer for carcinoid compared with functional and nonfunctional tumors (log-rank p Conclusions Primary pancreatic carcinoid tumors are increasingly being diagnosed. Differentiating PNET subtypes plays an important role in prognostication. Resection remains a critical component of care.
Results of Prior Assessment Work and Its Utility

Knowledge of prior work may be helpful to justifying the creation of a program, provide a metric against which to compare other programs, and provide an example of assessment techniques. For these reasons, this chapter provides an overview of prior work on the assessment of small spacecraft programs’ educational value.
Mechanisms of Retinal Damage after Ocular Alkali Burns

Alkali burns to the eye constitute a leading cause of worldwide blindness. In recent case series, corneal transplantation revealed unexpected damage to the retina and optic nerve in chemically burned eyes. We investigated the physical, biochemical, and immunological components of retinal injury after alkali burn and explored a novel neuroprotective regimen suitable for prompt administration in emergency departments. Thus, in vivo pH, oxygen, and oxidation reduction measurements were performed in the anterior and posterior segment of mouse and rabbit eyes using implantable microsensors. Tissue inflammation was assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. The experiments confirmed that the retinal damage is not mediated by direct effect of the alkali, which is effectively buffered by the anterior segment. Rather, pH, oxygen, and oxidation reduction changes were restricted to the cornea and the anterior chamber, where they caused profound uveal inflammation and release of proinflammatory cytokines. The latter rapidly diffuse to the posterior segment, triggering retinal damage. Tumor necrosis factor-α was identified as a key proinflammatory mediator of retinal ganglion cell death. Blockade, by either monoclonal antibody or tumor necrosis factor receptor gene knockout, reduced inflammation and retinal ganglion cell loss. Intraocular pressure elevation was not observed in experimental alkali burns. These findings illuminate the mechanism by which alkali burns cause retinal damage and may have importance in designing therapies for retinal protection.
Going Home: Examining Foreign Firm Deregistrations and Accounting Quality

ABSTRACT: Given the recent trend in foreign firms leaving the U.S., this paper analyzes 122 firms that voluntarily deregistered from the U.S. from 2004 through 2012. I find that a deregistration from the U.S. is associated with greater absolute abnormal accruals and less timely recognition of economic losses compared to both before the firm deregistered and to a matched control firm that still maintains a U.S. cross-listing. Upon further examination, I find the decrease in accounting quality is not significant for firms returning to home markets that require IFRS, but rather the significant decrease is attributable only to foreign firms returning to non-IFRS environments. Further tests show that the level of regulatory quality in the home market, relative to the U.S., is not a significant mitigating factor in the negative association between deregistration and accounting quality. These findings imply that, after controlling for country and regulatory effects, accounting standards play a significant role i...
Desire: An Elemental Passion in Hegel’s Phenomenology

I want to talk about the meaning of “desire” in Hegel’s picture of primordial man. But in even suggesting that topic, the contrast with Hobbes’s picture comes immediately to mind, at least for its power to illuminate what Hegel says about desire.