cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Angiopoietin/Tie2 Signaling Transforms Capillaries into Venules Primed for Leukocyte Trafficking in Airway Inflammation

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key angiogenic factor in tumors, but less is known about what drives vascular remodeling in inflammation, where plasma leakage and leukocyte influx are prominent features. In chronic airway inflammation in mice infected by the bacterium Mycoplasma pulmonis (M. pulmonis), the segment of the microvasculature that supports leukocyte adhesion and migration expands through remodeling of capillaries into vessels with features of venules. Here, we report that the angiopoietin/Tie2 pathway is an essential driving force for capillary remodeling into venules in M. pulmonis–infected mouse airways. Similar to M. pulmonis infection, systemic overexpression of angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) resulted in remodeling of airway capillaries into venular-like vessels that expressed venous markers like P-selectin, ICAM-1, and EphB4 and were sites of leukocyte adhesion during lipopolysaccharide-induced acute inflammation. Ang1 and Ang2 protein increased in M. pulmonis–infected mouse airways but came from different cellular sources: Ang1 was expressed in infiltrating neutrophils and Ang2 in endothelial cells. Indeed, systemic administration of soluble Tie2 inhibited capillary remodeling, induction of venous markers, and leukocyte influx in M. pulmonis–infected mouse airways. Together, these findings suggest that blockade of the Ang/Tie2 pathway may represent a therapeutic approach in airway inflammation.
Hidden Immunotherapy Targets Challenge Dogma

In this issue of Science Translational Medicine, Guo et al. discuss the intriguing possibility that intracellular tumor antigen–specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) inhibit tumor growth and metastasis and prolong survival of tumor-bearing mice. Here, I discuss the implications of using intracellular targets in mAb-based immunotherapy as well as the possible underlying mechanisms of action.
Different Strains of Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus Antagonize Different Sites in the Type I Interferon Pathway

The DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV), a member of the Cardiovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae, causes persistent infection in susceptible mice, associated with restricted expression of viral proteins, and induces a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. DA-induced demyelinating disease serves as a model of human multiple sclerosis because of similarities in pathology and because host immune responses contribute to pathogenesis in both disorders. In contrast, the GDVII strain of TMEV causes acute lethal encephalitis with no virus persistence. Cardiovirus L is a multifunctional protein that blocks beta interferon (IFN-β) gene transcription. We show that both DA L and GDVII L disrupt IFN-β gene transcription induction by IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) but do so at different points in the signaling pathway. DA L blocks IFN-β gene transcription downstream of mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) but upstream of IRF-3 activation, while GDVII L acts downstream of IRF-3 activation. Both DA L and GDVII L block IFN-β gene transcription in infected mice; however, IFN-β mRNA is expressed at low levels in the central nervous systems of mice persistently infected with DA. The particular level of IFN-β mRNA expression set by DA L as well as other factors in the IRF-3 pathway may play a role in virus persistence, inflammation, and the restricted expression of viral proteins during the late stage of demyelinating disease.
Impact of mobility impairment on the burden of caregiving in individuals with multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated neurologic disease that typically strikes young adults during their most productive years, and is associated with a wide range of functional deficits and progressive disability. Loss of mobility is among the most disabling effects of MS, adversely affecting multiple outcomes, including independence, employment and quality of life. Relative to other common diseases, MS is associated with a disproportionately high socioeconomic burden. Informal and unpaid caregivers, such as family and friends, play a vital, sustained and often difficult role in supporting the ability of MS patients to live and function at home. However, there are few data characterizing caregiver burden in MS. This review was conducted to examine the need and impact of caregiving for patients with MS, focusing on the contribution of mobility impairment to loss of patient independence.
Hierarchical Segmentation of Presentation Videos through Visual and Text Analysis

Presentation videos play an important role in information sharing and exchange. To effectively utilize these video assets, one of the important steps is to segment a long video stream into smaller, semantic units. In this paper, we investigate hierarchical segmentation of presentation videos by combining visual and text analysis. Slide-level segmentation employs visual information and computes a sequence of slide-level video segments so that the projected slide image of each such segment does not change. Topic-level segmentation makes use of extracted slide text and generates a sequence of topic-level video segments so that the topic of each such video segment does not change. This proposed segmentation procedure has been tested against various presentation videos and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Basic psychopharmacology of antidepressants, part 1: Antidepressants have seven distinct mechanisms of action.

Distinct pharmacologic mechanisms allow the antidepressants to be separated into seven different classes. These basic pharmacologic concepts can explain not only the therapeutic actions, but also the side effects of the wide range of antidepressants currently available. The two classical mechanisms are those of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). The most widely prescribed agents are the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Three other classes of antidepressants, like the SSRIs, increase serotonergic neurotransmission, but they also have additional actions, namely dual serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibition (venlafaxine); serotonin-2 antagonism/re-uptake inhibition (nefazodone); and α 2 antagonism plus serotonin-2 and -3 antagonism (mirtazapine). The selective norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor bupropion defines a novel class of antidepressant that has no direct actions on the serotonin system.
Evaluation of PBL Parameterizations in WRF at Subkilometer Grid Spacings: Turbulence Statistics in the Dry Convective Boundary Layer

AbstractPlanetary boundary layer (PBL) parameterizations in mesoscale models have been developed for horizontal resolutions that cannot resolve any turbulence in the PBL, and evaluation of these parameterizations has been focused on profiles of mean and parameterized flux. Meanwhile, the recent increase in computing power has been allowing numerical weather prediction (NWP) at horizontal grid spacings finer than 1 km, at which kilometer-scale large eddies in the convective PBL are partly resolvable. This study evaluates the performance of convective PBL parameterizations in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at subkilometer grid spacings. The evaluation focuses on resolved turbulence statistics, considering expectations for improvement in the resolved fields by using the fine meshes. The parameterizations include four nonlocal schemes—Yonsei University (YSU), asymmetric convective model 2 (ACM2), eddy diffusivity mass flux (EDMF), and total energy mass flux (TEMF)—and one local scheme, the M...
“Ensayo en la noche”: Políticas de la restitución en Diario de una princesa montonera -110% verdad - de Mariana Eva Perez

En Diario de una princesa montonera -110% verdad - (2012) Mariana Eva Perez, hija de desaparecidos, dramaturga, licenciada en ciencia politica, y nieta de dos figuras prominentes de Abuelas de Plaza de Mayo crea un lenguaje propio para narrar las contradicciones que producen algunos de los tabus, silencios y esloganes de la memoria. El nudo de conflicto que analizo en este ensayo se centra en la incomoda relacion de la protagonista con su hermano, apropiado luego de nacer en la Escuela de Mecanica de la Armada y restituido cuando ella tenia veinte anos. Lejos de las metaforas tranquilizadoras de la reparacion, la restitucion y la reconstruccion, que para la autora producen otra clase de olvidos, Diario construye una poetica ludica y sagaz que critica el uso de estos terminos y el silencio de historias como la suya, opuestas al final feliz de la reunificacion familiar. En este sentido, Diario abre una reflexion necesaria y nuevos interrogantes sobre uno de los temas mas dificiles en las politicas de memoria de la Argentina actual.
Wave Energy Transformation Over Irregular Bottom

A numerical model has been developed to determine shallow water wave spectra at designated spatial locations in an area where the bottom topography is irregular. The required input is either deepwater wave spectra or measured wave spectra at the seaward boundary. The model is a linear one and is based on the assumption that the wave energy associated with a narrow frequency band stayed with the band upon refraction. Energy dissipation has been neglected. The model was verified with analytical solutions for the case of two-dimensional parallel bottom contours and compared well with field measurements at locations beyond the surf zone.
Determinants of minimal elevation in high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T in the general population.

Abstract Objectives To study the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and detectable cardiac troponin-T using a highly sensitive assay (hs-cTnT) among persons without a history of cardiovascular disease. Design and methods We examined the cross-sectional associations between cardiovascular risk factors and hs-cTnT in 9593 participants (mean age 65.6 (SD, 5.6), 41% female, 22% black) free of cardiovascular disease in a community-based cohort, through the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. We used multivariable logistic regression to characterize the association between cardiovascular risk factors and detectable (≥ 3.0 to 13.9 ng/L) and elevated (≥ 14.0 ng/L) hs-cTnT. Results hs-cTnT was detectable in 59% and elevated in 7% of the study population. Among persons with ideal cardiovascular health, hs-cTnT was detectable in 44%. In models adjusting for significant determinants of hs-cTnT concentration, detectable hs-cTnT was more frequent among males, blacks and persons with diabetes and hypertension and less frequent among statin users, current smokers and drinkers. Other risk factors associated with detectable hs-cTnT were older age, lower kidney function and higher body mass index. These risk factors were associated with elevated hs-cTnT in a similar pattern. Conclusion In a community-based sample without cardiovascular disease hs-cTnT is detectable in most adults, even among those with ideal cardiovascular health. Although most traditional cardiovascular risk factors were significant determinants of detectable and elevated hs-cTnT, the associations were particularly robust for sex, age, race, hypertension and diabetes.
Fespaco (Festival Panafricain Du Cinema De Ouagadougou): The Shifting Issues of African Cinema

When Fespaco was created in 1969, its goal was to promote African cinema, to showcase works related to Africa by (mostly) African filmmakers, and to educate. It strove to be a forum of exchange between different sectors of the film industry and between filmmakers and their public, and soon became the largest film festival on the continent. Forty four years later, Fespaco continues to take place every other year in the Burkinabe capital and to offer a large variety of African focused long and short feature films, documentaries, and television/web series. Fespacos prestige and appeal, however, seem to be fading. Some filmmakers are complaining of its lack of organization and amateurism. Others claim that newer African film festivals, in Nigeria and South Africa, for instance, draw more attention from potential buyers, as do major film festivals outside of the continent (Cannes, Sundance, Berlin, Venice, Toronto) that are increasingly selecting African films. Others still worry that the festival has become too much of a smokescreen for the current regime, in power since 1987. This paper analyzes Fespacos evolution from yesterday to today, looking at its strengths and weaknesses, and the lessons it provides for contemporary African cinema. /
Metalation of a thiocatechol-functionalized Zr(IV)-based metal-organic framework for selective C-H functionalization.

The incorporation of 2,3-dimercaptoterephthalate (thiocatecholate, tcat) into a highly robust UiO-type metal–organic framework (MOF) has been achieved via postsynthetic exchange (PSE). The anionic, electron-donating thiocatecholato motif provides an excellent platform to obtain site-isolated and coordinatively unsaturated soft metal sites in a robust MOF architecture. Metalation of the thiocatechol group with palladium affords unprecedented Pd-mono(thiocatecholato) moieties within these MOFs. Importantly, Pd-metalated MOFs are efficient, heterogeneous, and recyclable catalysts for regioselective functionalization of sp2 C–H bond. This material is a rare example of chelation-assisted C–H functionalization performed by a MOF catalyst.
Explaining behavior in brand communities: A sequential model of attachment, tribalism, and self-esteem

Research suggests that the cultivation of and engagement with brand communities may generate positive outcomes for firms; therefore, the understanding of consumers’ membership and behaviors in brand communities represents an important area of inquiry for marketing researchers (e.g., Gruner et al. 2014). This study examines communities constructed around massively multiplayer online role playing games (MMORPGs). In MMORPGs, players access an online game environment, interact with other players in real time, and achieve the game’s objectives in a symbiotic manner. Online player communities formed around each MMORPG facilitate player interaction and socialization and, hence, closely resemble brand communities.
On the spur of the moment: Effects of age and experience on hafted stone scraper morphology

North American archaeologists often designate spurs on scrapers as gravers or use them as temporal markers for the Paleoindian Period. The functional and stylistic aspects of spurred scrapers are explored here through an ethnoarchaeological study of stone scraper procurement, production, use, and discard among the Gamo of southern Ethiopia. This research demonstrates that the presence of so-called “graver” spurs does not have a functional significance, but is the result of inexperience and/or the waning strength of the hideworker. Furthermore, spurred scrapers occur in abundance at villages where breakage rates also are high, reflecting the presence of a number of inexperienced hideworkers. Lastly, this paper explores the relationship between the experience of the knapper and tool standardization. The analysis suggests that in lineage-based learning systems more-experienced hideworkers assist less-experienced hideworkers, and thus blur any relationship between experience and standardization.
The Bryophyte on Mingfeng Hill,Golden Temple in Kunming

The result of primary investigation on bryophytes of the Mingfeng Hill,Golden Temple in Kunming was reported in this paper.According to 384 specimens collected,there were 112 species belonging to 53 genera,23 families distributed in the studied area.Among them,9 species belonging to 7 genera,7 families were liverworts,103 species belonging to 46 genera,16 families were mosses.And 21 species,which belonged to 17 genera,9 families were newly recorded in Yunnan Province.The life forms of bryophytes in the studied area included adnata and radicantia,whereas the community types included petrophytia,geophytia and epixylophytia.It was showed that the geophytia species were the representative community types in this region with more species than other types. It was indicated that the species,life forms,community types of bryophytes and their distribution were closely related to geographical factors,vegetation conditions and the environmental factors of the habitats.As ground cover plants,the bryophytes would affect the existence of the whole local ecosystem.The geographical distribution type of the studied bryoflora belongs to Yunnan-Guizhou bryoflora,but there is similarity to Qinghai-Tibet and Lingnan bryoflora.Also,the bryophytes in the studied area could well represent the geographic distribution type of bryophyte in the low latitude highland of Yunnan-Guizhou zone and would play an important role in forming local regional landscape disposition.
UWB multiple access performance using time hopped pulse position modulation with biorthogonal signaling

This paper extends previous UMB multiple access (MA) performance characterization by combining pseudorandomly coded, time hopped pulse position modulation (TH-PPM) with 4-ary biorthogonal communication signaling. Communication performance for the hybrid TH-BPPM technique is first validated for a single user operating over an AWGN channel. Single user results are then extended and MA performance characterized for both synchronous and asynchronous networks containing up to 15 users. In both cases, the proposed 4-ary TH-BPPM technique with Gold coding achieves nearly identical performance as previously demonstrated MA methods employing binary TH-PPM. A key benefit afforded by the 4-ary TH-BPPM technique, given fixed average power and symbol length constraints, is a doubling of the effective data rate while achieving identical bit error rate performance.
Interaction based routing algorithm for opportunistic mobile social networks

Opportunistic Mobile Social Networks (MSNs) are a type of delay-tolerant networks that are composed of mobile nodes with social characteristics. Most of current research on forwarding algorithms for MSNs leverages the properties of social networks, such as community and centrality. However, the fundamental property, interaction, has not received sufficient attention. The effects of interactions consist of two parts: direct effects and indirect effects. Most existing work based on interactions takes only direct effects into consideration. We propose a distributed Interaction Based Routing (IBR) algorithm. Our main contribution is a distributed method to compute the popularity of nodes by using the direct and indirect effects of interactions. We compare IBR with Epidemic, Prophet, and BubbleRap under three different scenarios. The results show that IBR improves the forwarding efficiency significantly and independent of the network scenarios.
The Smart Grid: Anchor of the Smart City

The power grid is one of the most critical technological achievements of human kind. It delivers energy to the end users and creates a fertile foundation for new services to blossom. In recent years, the grid has undergone tremendous evolution toward the “smart grid.” One of the most important characteristics of the smart grid is the active nature of the consumers. This characteristic parallels the active nature of citizens in a Smart City environment. This chapter presents the smart grid architecture and customer-centric applications that disrupt the existing paradigms of business models and electric services in a Smart City environment.
"Neoliberalism and Regulatory Capitalism: Exploring the “Freer Markets, More Rules” Puzzle"

Over the past four decades, across the OECD countries and beyond, we observe a simultaneous increase (a) in the number, the budgets, and the staffing of regulatory agencies, as well as the number o...
In Situ Workflows at Exascale: System Software to the Rescue

Implementing an in situ workflow involves several challenges related to data placement, task scheduling, efficient communications, scalability, and reliability. Most of the current implementations provide reasonably performant solutions to these issues by focusing on high-performance communications and low-overhead execution models at the cost of reliability and flexibility.One of the key design choices in such infrastructures is between providing a single-program, integrated environment or a multiple-program, connected environment, both solutions having their own strengths and weaknesses. While these approaches might be appropriate for current production systems, the expected characteristics of exascale machines will shift current priorities.After a survey of the trade-offs and challenges of integrated and connected in situ workflow solutions available today, we discuss in this paper how exascale systems will impact those designs. In particular, we identify missing features of current system-level software required for the evolution of in situ workflows toward exascale and how system software innovations from the Argo Exascale Computing Project can help address those challenges.
Two-dimensional imaging and modification of nanophotonic resonator modes using a focused ion beam

High-resolution imaging of optical resonator modes is a key step in the development and characterization of nanophotonic devices. Many subwavelength mode-imaging techniques have been developed using optical and electron beam excitation—each with its own limitations in spectral and spatial resolution. Here, we report a 2D imaging technique using a pulsed, low-energy focused ion beam of Li+ to probe the near-surface fields inside photonic resonators. The ion beam locally modifies the resonator structure, causing temporally varying spectroscopic shifts of the resonator. We demonstrate this imaging technique on several optical modes of silicon microdisk resonators by rastering the ion beam across the disk surface and extracting the maximum mode shift at the location of each ion pulse. A small shift caused by ion-beam heating is also observed and is independently extracted to directly measure the thermal response of the device. This technique enables visualization of the splitting of degenerate modes into spatially resolved standing waves and permits persistent optical mode editing. Ion-beam probing enables minimally perturbative, in operando imaging of nanophotonic devices with high resolution and speed.
Equilibrium states for Mañé diffeomorphisms

We study thermodynamic formalism for the family of robustly transitive diffeomorphisms introduced by Mane, establishing existence and uniqueness of equilibrium states for natural classes of potential functions. In particular, we characterize the Sinaĭ–Ruelle–Bowen measures for these diffeomorphisms as unique equilibrium states for a suitable geometric potential. We also obtain large deviations and multifractal results for the unique equilibrium states produced by the main theorem.
Investigation of a Cyprinid Herpesvirus 1 Disease Episode in a Group of Pond-Reared Koi

Fifteen adult koi (a variant of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio) simultaneously developed white cutaneous proliferations affecting up to 30% of their bodies. The onset of these lesions (in September 2014) was associated with their return to a remodeled backyard water garden after temporarily being maintained in a plastic swimming pool. A single water temperature taken during the outbreak read 21°C on November 17, 2014. The water garden had no extrinsic heat source, with average ambient temperatures ranging from 9.4 to 26.4°C during the outbreak (September 2014-January 2015). Representative skin biopsies were obtained from two fish; the histologic features included severe epidermal hyperplasia, dysplasia, keratinocyte apoptosis, decreased and haphazardly distributed goblet cells with the absence of club cells, keratinocyte hydropic degeneration, and moderate infiltration by lymphocytes and eosinophilic granular cells. Ultrastructural findings included intranuclear nonenveloped hexagonal nucleocapsids and abundant cytoplasmic-enveloped virions morphologically consistent with the Alloherpesviridae family. Polymerase chain reaction was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded shavings from the two biopsied koi targeting the thymidine kinase gene of cyprinid herpesvirus 1 (CyHV-1). Together with the aforementioned findings, these results are consistent with an outbreak of CyHV-1 in a population of adult koi.
Poster Abstract: IoT Platform for Engineering Education and Research (IoT PEER)--Applications in Secure and Smart Manufacturing

A small-scale IoT testbed called IoT PEER (IoT Platform for Engineering Education and Research) was built at Tennessee Tech for both research and education. Currently, this testbed is being used in studying security and smart manufacturing related topics. In this poster we report two Industrial IoT (IIoT) case studies: 1) Machinery Health Monitoring (MHM), and 2) Intrusion Detection in Industrial/Manufacturing Environment. System design and architecture along with preliminary results are provided.
Loopy belief propagation and Gibbs measures

We address the question of convergence in the loopy belief propagation (LBP) algorithm. Specifically, we relate convergence of LBP to the existence of a weak limit for a sequence of Gibbs measures defined on the LBP's associated computation tree. Using tools from the theory of Gibbs measures we develop easily testable sufficient conditions for convergence. The failure of convergence of LBP implies the existence of multiple phases for the associated Gibbs specification. These results give new insight into the mechanics of the algorithm.
Applying Learning Styles to Engage a Diversity of Learners and Behavioral Problems in Anatomy Education

The integration of learning styles helps anatomy educators meet the diverse needs of healthcare students who can later apply these learning styles to learn about and teach to diverse patients they encounter in the clinic. A learning style is a set of cognitive and psychosocial characteristics influencing how learners perceive, interact with, and respond to a learning environment. The study of learning styles uses two models of thought. The cognitive model examines how learners process information in the brain and extrapolates educational strategies to the classroom and includes Gardner’s multiple intelligences and Kolb’s experiential learning styles. The psychosocial model uses classroom observations of interactions between educators and learners to derive learning styles, including the VARK learning styles and the work of Grasha. Some learners exhibit problematic behaviors that prevent learning, requiring the educator to apply the principle of patient centeredness to address the behavioral deficiencies. Finally, six learning style principles specific for anatomy education are synthesized from the analysis of the aforementioned learning styles.
Reactivity and Structure of Sputtered Species

A high-pressure, fast-atom bombardment (FAB) ion source has been constructed [1] to study ion/molecule reactions of sputtered ions and neutrals. Pressures in this ion source are typically on the order of 0.1 to 0.5 Torr. Studies of metal cluster ion chemistry have been performed using this chemical ionization/fast-atom bombardment (CI/FAB) source with the mass-analyzed ion kinetic energy spectrometry (MIKES) technique. Our experiments were performed using a reverse-geometry, double-focusing mass spectrometer. Xenon gas was used as the fast-atom beam.
Genetics of Hyperparathyroidism Including Parathyroid Cancer

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the genetic aspects of hyperparathyroidism as well as parathyroid cancer. Primary hyperparathyroidism is mentioned to be caused by abnormal proliferation of one or more parathyroid glands and in this disorder, the secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) is increased and is no longer appropriately regulated by ambient calcium levels, resulting in hypercalcemia. The most common pathologic basis of hyperparathyroidism is a solitary benign parathyroid adenoma and rarely parathyroid carcinoma. It focuses on several familial hyperthyroid syndromes: hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, neonatal severe hyperparathyroidism and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. A summary of the genes involved in hyperparathyroid disorders, either through acquired or germline mutation is provided. A small but important number of cases of primary hyperparathyroidism are considered to be familial and associated with highly penetrant mutations. The genes implicated in this disorder includes HRPT2, CASR, MEN1 and RET and mutational genetic testing for these genes will give information important to clinical management and improve morbidity and mortality.
Input/Output Relationships

There are a number of different, but equivalent ways to describe the relationship between the input and output of a discrete-time filter, including the impulse response, the system function, the frequency response, difference equations, and state variables. Each has its own particular advantage in certain derivations and calculations. We have previously introduced and used the impulse response in chapter 2; in this chapter we will define and study the other four. We will also discuss the distinction between finite-impulse-response and infinite-impulse-response filters and recursive and nonrecursive filter implementations.
Voice Construction and Development of a Multilingual Student Writer: A Bakhtinian Perspective:

The construction and development of a writer’s voice is a concept that continues to be of interest when teaching multilingual writing. Studies of voice construction of multilingual student writers ...
Oxygen effects on crystal plasticity of Titanium: A multiscale calibration and validation framework

Abstract This work investigates macroscopic plastic behavior in polycrystalline Ti with varying oxygen concentrations using both experiments and a crystal plasticity finite element framework applied to a representative volume element (RVE) of the microstructure. The proposed multiscale framework makes use of parameters such as critical resolved shear stress (CRSS) ratios obtained from lower length scale first-principle calculations and strain hardening rates obtained from experiments. Generalized stacking fault energy calculations (GSFE) in combination with the Peierls-Nabarro model and a temperature dependent phenomenological description of CRSS were utilized to compute the CRSS ratios for different slip systems in Ti with and without oxygen. Experimentally measured stress-strain responses along the rolling direction for polycrystalline Ti with different oxygen concentrations were used to obtain the strain hardening rates. The crystal plasticity framework was then calibrated using the computed CRSS ratios and the strain-hardening rate for Ti with various oxygen concentrations. The calibrated model was then used to predict the macroscopic response of Ti under different loading conditions and orientations with different oxygen concentrations. Without tuning the fitting parameters for the crystal plasticity framework, we show that the model is able to simulate the experimental responses within the experimental uncertainty. Thus, a systematic calibration procedure is presented to capture the macroscopic homogeneous responses of Ti with various oxygen concentrations.
Single dose x-ray radiation to the lung and posterior mediastinum through the open chest. III. Results in dogs receiving doses of 2,000 r and 3,000 r.

The advantages of direct irradiation of pulmonary carcinomas over external chest irradiation were studied. In dogs submitted to intrathoracic irradiation, radiatlon sickness was absent and leukopenia did not develop even with high doses. The dogs remained asymptomatic and in good health until shortly before dying of a complication of the radiation administered. Observations were also made to determine the safe maximum single dose of x rays that can be administered. Thoracotomies were performed on 2 series of dogs receiving 3000 or 2000 r as a single dose without interposition of the chest wall. Each series was divided into 3 groups. Groups I and III had the inflated lung radiated directly through portals of 25.2 cm/sup 2/ and 102.1 cm/sup 2/ respectively. In Group II the posterior mediastinum was directly radiated over a 26.2 cm/sup 2/ area. All animals except 3 died of complications resulting from irradiation. The median survival times were computed and compared with dogs receiving higher doses. The maximum safe intrathoracic dose in dogs appears to be 1500 r. The data indicate that 1000 to 1500 r can be safely administered as a single dose, and that radiation sickness will be absent. (P.C.H.)
Development Derailed: Policy Uncertainty and Coordinated Investment

We quantify the sensitivity of investments to policy uncertainty by drawing upon the Northern Pacific’s massive land grant and the ensuing political battle that generated significant uncertainty to title from 1879 to 1894. Focusing on irrigation due to its high asset specificity, our analysis exploits the spatially exogenous extent of the grant to identify causal effects on investment, inclusive of spillovers to secure land because coordinated investment is generally necessary to capture the scale economies of irrigation. We find that the uncertainty significantly deterred and delayed irrigation investment in Montana, lowering the state’s economic activity by up to five percent.
An extended direct factorization method for inverse scattering with limited aperture data

In this paper, we propose an extended direct factorization method for solving inverse scattering problems with limited aperture data. It assembles and generalizes two recently developed methods: th...
Collaborative Volt-VAR Control Using Grid-Connected PV Inverters

This paper proposes a novel volt-VAR control (VVC) strategy for grid connected PV inverters that can enable a dramatic increase in the level of PV penetration on distribution feeders. The volatility of PV resources, coupled with their dispersed location on distribution feeders, can cause wide swings in voltage along the feeder – often outside the required ANSI band. Conventional PV inverters initially started out operating purely in MPPT mode. More recently inverters have been used for grid support using centrally dispatched VARs. This generally provides unsatisfactory compensation as it does not take into account volatility, system impedances and local load variations. Another approach has been through the use of voltage-VAR droop profiles. Maintaining a tight voltage band can cause interactions between inverters, while a broader droop band causes imprecise regulation and provides poor controllability. This paper proposes a novel new ‘collaborative control’ strategy for realizing VVC for grid-connected inverters, which works purely on local information, where even adjacent inverters do not ‘fight’ each other, and where the system can provide fast and precise control of VARs and voltage.
Assessment and Analysis of Obesity in Children and Young Adults with Congenital Heart Disease

Background: The obesity epidemic has impacted pediatric patient populations who previously were not known to be at risk. Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) represent a large, understudied population whose overweight and obesity trends and risk factors have not been well defined. The primary study goal was to assess at what age patients with CHD transition to overweight and obese and determine associated risk factors. Methods: Retrospective chart review revealed 7849 patients with hemodynamically significant CHD born between 1996-2015. Of those, 968 were at least 2 years old and …
A Repressor of c- myc Transcription Is Found Specifically in Plasmacytomas

Since the discovery that translocation of c-myc genes results in altered c-myc gene expression (for review see Cory 1986), a great deal of effort has been directed toward understanding how regulation of c-myc occurs under both normal and altered conditions. Work by many groups has shown that translocated c-myc is activated in plasmacytomas, but little insight has been gained into the mechanism of this activation (Cory 1986, Kakkis, Mercola and Calame 1988). Another interesting finding is that c-myc genes in their normal chromosomal context are not transcribed at detectable levels in plasmacytomas (Fahrlander et al 1985, Kakkis, Mercola and Calame 1988). Although many interpretations of this result are possible, we considered it likely that the c-myc gene could be normally repressed at the terminal stage of B-cell differentiation and that translocation could release c-myc from repression and activate its transcription. The repression of c-myc in plasmacytomas may represent the cell’s attempt to turn off cell division. Studies on a number of in vitro differentiation systems suggest that c-myc expression correlates with proliferation and c-myc repression reflects the cessation of cell division (e.g. Bentley and Groudine 1986, Lachman and Skoultchi 1984, Resnitsky et al 1986). The mechanism for this repression in plasmacytomas is thus of considerable importance.
Effects of a vocal-tract constriction on the glottal source: experimental and modelling studies

The effects of a vocal-tract constriction on the glottal source were examined, based on acoustic and electroglottographic (EGG) data. Six subjects phonated through an apparatus in which constrictions of various sizes were alternated with a relatively unconstricted configuration. Measurements of glottal open time were made from the EGG data, and the effect of the constriction on glottal pulse shape was inferred from the spectrum of the acoustic signal. The data show a longer open time for the more constricted configurations, as well as a decreased pulse area, less abrupt closing slope of the pulse, and wider bandwidth of the first formant. Variability in all of the measures was apparent across subjects. We also examined the behavior of a two-mass model of the vocal folds which it is coupled to vocal-tract configurations with various degrees of constriction. There was general agreement between the glottal pulse waveforms generated by the model and those inferred from the speech experiments.
Economic and Related Aspects of Land Use on Islands: A Meta Perspective

This chapter seeks to distill the recent extensive and growing socio-economic literature on island land use and factors related to it and its changes over time, focusing on methodological aspects with a nod to major findings. This chapter covers agriculture and deforestation in connection with land use, economic aspects and models, and other forms of modelling. A separate, future study will focus on population aspects, migration and urbanization, tourism and climate change. The focus is also on islands which are developing countries or part of developing countries. This is a kind of meta assessment, covering the published academic literature in journals. It is based on a computer search of various data bases since 1990, which initially led to some 10,000 references, distilled down to about 600. A map shows the distribution of studies assessed here. Different approaches to modelling are identified along with recommendations for moving forward in these areas in relation to understanding land use and modeling future changes.
Evaluation of Diagnosis-Based Risk Adjustment Among Specific Subgroups: Can Existing Adjusters be Improved by Simple Modifications?

Managed care organization use risk adjustment systems to allocate resources and evaluate provider performance. Managers of healthcare organizations need statistical methods to determine whether a particular risk adjustment system can be applied successfully to their organization's unique population and setting, and, if not, whether simple modifications can be effective. We demonstrate methods that can be used to evaluate risk adjustment systems in populations and in subgroups within those populations. We evaluate the use of two diagnosis-based risk adjustment systems, Adjusted Clinical Groups (ACGs) and Diagnostic Cost Groups (DCGs), to explain healthcare utilization within three subgroups of veterans who used Department of Veteran Affairs (VA) healthcare services: homeless individuals, individuals with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and individuals with spinal cord disorders (SCD). ACG and DCG models are modified to better predict mean level of use for each subgroup and explain the variation in use within the group by adding indicators for each of the three conditions. Predictive ratios (PRs) and R-squares are presented within each of the subgroups for base and revised models. Both models performed well for PTSD (PRs = 0.90 and 0.95, DCG and ACG, respectively), while the DCG model fit better for SCD (PRs = 0.93 and 0.72, respectively); both models underpredicted substantially among the homeless (PRs ∼ 0.67). Adding indicators for each subgroup forces perfect prediction of mean use within subgroups and substantially improved discrimination within groups. Overall R-squares moderately improved when indicators were added.
The pandemic of workplace violence: the gendered experience of emergency medicine trainees.

Objectives Many health care providers experience physical and verbal abuse from patients and their visitors. This abuse is a form of workplace violence and likely has negative implications for the providers well-being. The objective of our study was to determine the rates of nonphysical workplace violence against emergency medicine (EM) trainees with a focus on prevalence by provider gender. Methods This was a single-center prospective cohort study using tally counters to track occurrences of nonphysical workplace violence perpetrated by patients and their visitors against EM trainees in the adult emergency department. Results There were a total of 39 completed responses submitted by 22 respondents. Of the 22 respondents, 14 identified as women and eight identified as men. On average, both men and women experienced near daily occurrences of nonphysical workplace violence. However, women experienced higher rates compared to their colleagues who are men with a mean of three occurrences per day versus 0.9, respectively. Conclusion We found that women trainees were more likely to experience nonphysical workplace violence from patients and their visitors.
Building a Competitive System

Competition or more specifically a competitive system requires two elements, a sufficient supply of desirable goods and services from multiple producers and a demand for those goods and services priced at a point consumers are willing to pay. This chapter examines the elements necessary to develop a competitive system. Federal legislation including the No Child Left Behind Act and the Every Student Succeeds Act are discussed. Market-based approaches to education supply in Europe and in New Orleans, Louisiana, are discussed.
The Association of Muscle Mass Measured by D3-Creatine Dilution Method With Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and Physical Function in Postmenopausal Women.

BACKGROUND The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method provides a direct measure of skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to compare the association of D3Cr muscle mass with lean body mass (LBM) measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and examine its relation with physical function in postmenopausal women. METHODS Seventy-four community-dwelling women (mean age 82.3 ± 5.4) participated in this pilot study from the Buffalo, New York clinical site of the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). Participants attended a clinic visit which included anthropometric measures, blood draw, DXA scan, measures of physical function, and initiated the D3Cr protocol. Physical function was evaluated using hand grip strength, short physical performance battery (SPPB), and RAND-36 physical function scale. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression models were used to examine the associations of D3Cr muscle mass with functional outcomes. RESULTS D3-creatine muscle mass was moderately correlated with DXA LBM (r = 0.50) and DXA appendicular lean mass (ALM) (r = 0.50). Individuals with high D3Cr muscle mass (%) had higher physical function compared to individuals with low muscle mass (%), indicated by high scores on SPPB (odds ratio [OR] = 5.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.40, 19.58). We observed stronger relationships between high D3Cr and physical function than either DXA LBM (OR = 3.40; 95% CI: 0.88, 13.11) or DXA ALM (OR = 4.15; 95% CI: 1.10, 15.68) and physical function. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide strong preliminary data for the associations of D3Cr muscle mass with measures of physical function in older women. These findings support and extend prior work on D3Cr muscle mass in older men.
pMEMCPY: a simple, lightweight, and portable I/O library for storing data in persistent memory

Persistent memory (PMEM) devices can achieve comparable performance to DRAM while providing significantly more capacity. This has made the technology compelling as an expansion to main memory. Rethinking PMEM as storage devices can offer a high performance buffering layer for HPC applications to temporarily, but safely store data. However, modern parallel I/O libraries, such as HDF5 and pNetCDF, are complicated and introduce significant software and metadata overheads when persisting data to these storage devices, wasting much of their potential. In this work, we explore the potential of PMEM as storage through pMEMCPY: a simple, lightweight, and portable I/O library for storing data in persistent memory. We demonstrate that our approach is up to 2x faster than other popular parallel I/O libraries under real workloads.
Older Age as a Predictive Risk Factor for Acute Mountain Sickness.

ABSTRACT Background : Older populations are increasing and comprise a substantial portion of high-altitude travelers. Aging physiology may influence susceptibility to acute mountain sickness, though prior research remains inconclusive. The goal of this study was to investigate the relationship between increasing age and acute mountain sickness. Materials & Methods : This study was a pooled analysis of five prospective randomized controlled trials conducted at White Mountain, California from 2010, 2016-2019 with identical 4-hour rapid ascent from 1242 m to overnight sojourn at 3810 m. Acute mountain sickness was defined by the 2018 Lake Louise Questionnaire criteria. Results : 491 participants were analyzed, 234 (48%) diagnosed with acute mountain sickness and 71 (14%) with moderate acute mountain sickness. Mean age was 37(±13). There was no significant correlation between Lake Louise Questionnaire severity and age (r = -0.02, 95% CI -0.11 to 0.07, p = 0.7), 40 year-old dichotomy (t = -0.6, 95% CI -0.53 to 0.28, p = 0.6), or decade of life (p = 0.4). Logistic regression found no increased odds of acute mountain sickness for increasing age by decade of life (OR =1.0, 95% CI 0.97 to 1.0) or 40 year-old dichotomy (OR = 1.4, 95% 0.97 to 2.1. A history of acute mountain sickness increased odds of acute mountain sickness (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.5 to 7.7). Conclusions : Older age was not associated with incidence nor severity of acute mountain sickness. A history of altitude illness increased odds of acute mountain sickness and should be used for pre-ascent risk stratification.