cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imagining Recovery, Resilience, and Vulnerability at 75: Perceptions of Social Work Students

BSW and MSW students (N = 183) read one of three vignettes and were asked to respond to 21 items investigating their perceptions about depression, anxiety, and resilience of the vignette's character. While the incidents in each vignette were identical, the main character was (a) a 75-year-old Mr. Jones, (b) a 75-year-old Ms. Jones, or (c) “Imagine you are 75 years old.” The character of each vignette had lost a spouse, was a victim of a mugging, and was exhibiting symptoms of depression and anxiety. The 21 items were analyzed by vignette type using a General Linear Model (GLM) and controlling for student type (BSW, MSW) and ethnocultural identity (member of the dominant or minority group). The GLM was significant (F = 3.020, df = 42, p = .000). There were significant differences among the vignette types in 11 of the 21 items. In general, respondents were more likely to perceive that they would be more resilient and less vulnerable at 75 than other 75-year-old men and women.
Advanced Imaging and Arthroscopic Management of Shoulder Contracture After Birth Palsy

Modern imaging techniques applied to the pediatric glenohumeral joint have advanced understanding of the anatomic changes that occur secondary to muscular imbalance after brachial plexus birth palsy. A better understanding of the progression and timing of glenohumeral dysplasia has also increased awareness and vigilance of this problem. Early detection of glenohumeral joint subluxation is now possible, allowing for prompt treatment with closed, arthroscopic, or open joint reduction with and without tendon transfers. Dynamic ultrasound imaging, Botox, and arthroscopic techniques have expanded treatment options, providing minimally invasive methods to successfully manage glenohumeral joint dysplasia.
Development of IEEE802.11a WLAN LNA in silicon-based processes

We describe the effects of substrate parasitics in silicon-based processes and present a methodology for designing low-noise amplifiers (LNAs) in silicon processes. Our techniques resulted in excellent agreement between simulations and measurements for a test case LNA design for 802.11a. This LNA, which covers 5-6 GHz and has gain switching is designed in a 0.8 μm SiGe bipolar technology with f/sub T/ of 50 GHz. The LNA exhibits a gain of more than 24 dB in the 5-6 GHz band with a noise figure (NF) less than 2.5 dB. The agreement between simulation and measured data is demonstrated.
Comparison of static and dynamic MRI techniques for the measurement of regional cerebral blood volume

Two different acquisition and processing strategies to determine the regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are compared. The first method is based on the acquisition of the signal time course during a bolus administration of a contrast agent (dynamic method). The second method evaluates signal changes before and after the contrast agent injection (static method), assuming the contrast agent remains primarily intravascular in the brain after the first pass. Both methods were applied to the same data sets, acquired with either echoplanar imaging (EPI, n = 18) or fast low-angle shot (FLASH, n = 28) techniques. A voxel-by-voxel correlation between the static and dynamic method yielded a correlation coefficient of 0.76 +/- 0.06 for the EPI and 0.71 +/- 0.10 for the FLASH measurements. The static method was less sensitive and showed higher standard deviations for rCBV than the dynamic method. With the development of truly intravascular contrast agents, the static perfusion MRI method, which can be performed with higher signal-to-noise ratio and higher spatial resolution, may become an alternative to ultra-fast MRI for measuring rCBV.
A Mammalian-Like DNA Damage Response of Fission Yeast to Nucleoside Analogs

Nucleoside analogs are frequently used to label newly synthesized DNA. These analogs are toxic in many cells, with the exception of the budding yeast. We show that Schizosaccharomyces pombe behaves similarly to metazoans in response to analogs 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU). Incorporation causes DNA damage that activates the damage checkpoint kinase Chk1 and sensitizes cells to UV light and other DNA-damaging drugs. Replication checkpoint mutant cds1Δ shows increased DNA damage response after exposure. Finally, we demonstrate that the response to BrdU is influenced by the ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor, Spd1, suggesting that BrdU causes dNTP pool imbalance in fission yeast, as in metazoans. Consistent with this, we show that excess thymidine induces G1 arrest in wild-type fission yeast expressing thymidine kinase. Thus, fission yeast responds to nucleoside analogs similarly to mammalian cells, which has implications for their use in replication and damage research, as well as for dNTP metabolism.
More on Misconceptions about Workload and Birthrates: Reply to Spenser and Hum

Draper, Patricia 1978 The Learning Environment for Aggression and Anti-Social Behavior among the !Kung. In Learning Non-Aggression. Ashley Montagu, ed. pp. 31-53. New York: Oxford University Press. Lee, Richard B. 1969 Eating Christmas in the Kalahari. Natural History 78 (December): 14-22, 60-63. Marshall, Lorna 1961 Sharing, Talking and Giving: The Relief of Social Tensions among the IKung Bushmen. Africa 31:231-249. Silberbauer, George B. 1965 Report to the Government of Bechuanaland on the Bushman Survey. Gaborone: Botswana Government Printer. 1972 The G/wi Bushmen. In Hunters and
Conformal plasma cathode for surface hardening of metals

A broad-area impulse electron beam of 10/sup 5/-10/sup 6/ electron volt energy and 100-1000 A/cm/sup 2/ current density can almost instantaneously heat treat carbon steel surfaces to achieve high hardness. The characteristics of a plasma cathode that forms such an electron beam conformally with the surface of the treated object are described. Forming such a plasma cathode requires that the voltage drop across the anode sheath dominates over the voltage drop across the cathode sheath. High-density cathode emission and a ratio of cathode surface area to workpiece surface area of at least 10 are necessary to drive the anode sheath to assume such a dominant role. A fully ionized plasma of density near 10/sup 12/-10/sup 14//cm/sup 3/ is required.
Coping strategies and immune neglect in affective forecasting: Direct evidence and key moderators.

Affective forecasting skills have important implications for decision making. However, recent research suggests that immune neglect—the tendency to overlook coping strategies that reduce future distress—may lead to affective forecasting problems. Prior evidence for immune neglect has been indirect. More direct evidence and a deeper understanding of immune neglect are vital to informing the design of future decision-support interventions. In the current study, young adults (N = 325) supplied predicted, actual, and recollected reactions to an emotionally-evocative interpersonal event, Valentine’s Day. Based on participants’ qualitative descriptions of the holiday, a team of raters reliably coded the effectiveness of their coping strategies. Supporting the immune neglect hypothesis, participants overlooked the powerful role of coping strategies when predicting their emotional reactions. Immune neglect was present not only for those experiencing the holiday negatively (non-daters) but also for those experiencing it positively (daters), suggesting that the bias may be more robust than originally theorized. Immune neglect was greater for immediate emotional reactions than more enduring reactions. Further, immune neglect was conspicuously absent from recollected emotional reactions. Implications for decision-support interventions are discussed.
The wild side of a major crop: Soybean’s perennial cousins from Down Under

The accumulation of over 30 years of basic research on the biology, genetic variation, and evolution of the wild perennial relatives of soybean (Glycine max) provides a foundation to improve cultivated soybean. The cultivated soybean and its wild progenitor, G. soja, have a center of origin in eastern Asia and are the only two species in the annual subgenus Soja. Systematic and evolutionary studies of the ca. 30 perennial species of subgenus Glycine, native to Australia, have benefited from the availability of the G. max genomic sequence. The perennial species harbor many traits of interest to soybean breeders, among them resistance to major soybean pathogens such as cyst nematode and leaf rust. New species in the Australian subgenus continue to be described, due to the collection of new material and to insights gleaned through systematic studies of accessions in germplasm collections. Ongoing studies in perennial species focus on genomic regions that contain genes for key traits relevant to soybean breeding. These comparisons also include the homoeologous regions that are the result of polyploidy in the common ancestor of all Glycine species. Subgenus Glycine includes a complex of recently formed allopolyploids that are the focus of studies aimed at elucidating genomic, transcriptomic, physiological, taxonomic, morphological, developmental, and ecological processes related to polyploid evolution. Here we review what has been learned over the past 30 years and outline ongoing work on photosynthesis, nitrogen fixation, and floral biology, much of it drawing on new technologies and resources.
Ventral mesodermal patterning in Xenopus embryos: expression patterns and activities of BMP-2 and BMP-4.

We provide a comparative analysis of the expression patterns and ventral mesoderm-inducing properties of Xenopus BMP-2 and BMP-4. Transcripts for BMP-2 and BMP-4 are maternally stored in eggs, and zygotic expression of these genes is uniform in the ectoderm and mesoderm in late blastulae. During gastrulation, BMP-2 is expressed at a low level throughout the ectoderm and marginal zone, but at early neurula stages a patch of dorso-anterior cells displays enhanced expression. In contrast, BMP-4 transcripts are restricted to the ventrolateral marginal zone during gastrulation, and in late gastrula and early neurula BMP-4 is expressed in the epidermis but not the neural plate. At post-neurula stages, BMP-2 and BMP-4 transcripts are associated with a variety of mesodermal structures, including the pharyngeal pouches, heart, blood island, and blastopore. At tailbud stages, BMP-2 and BMP-4 are expressed in neural tissues including the neural tube and brain. In mesoderm induction assays, BMP-2 and BMP-4 induce Xhox3, an early ventral-posterior mesoderm marker, and larval βT1 globin, a marker for red blood cells. Induction of red blood cells in response to BMP-4 was demonstrated by staining with a hemoglobin-specific reagent. Little is known about factors that induce hematopoietic lineages in vertebrates, and these results provide evidence linking BMP activity and blood differentiation. Globin induction by BMP-2 and BMP-4 is blocked by co-expression of a dominant-negative activin receptor, suggesting that either endogenous activin signals are required for BMP-mediated induction, or that the trancated activin receptor interferes with signaling by BMP receptors. In assays on marginal zone explants, we demonstrate that BMP-4 respecifies dorsal mesoderm to form ventral mesoderm, consistent with its ability to induce blood and to ventralize embryos. BMP-2, however, does not display such activity. The findings extend and support evidence that BMP-2 and BMP-4 function in ventral mesoderm induction and patterning in Xenopus. Our data furthermore high light the multiple functions these factors fulfill during early vertebrate embryogenesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Estimating the frequencies of two sinusoids using only the phase angles of complex-valued data

The problem of estimating the frequencies of two complex sinusoids using only the phase data is addressed. Under the assumption that the amplitudes of the two signals are not equal, a computationally efficient approximate maximum likelihood estimation (AMLE) is obtained. This AMLE uses only the phase angles of the complex-valued data to estimate frequencies and uses the envelope data to resolve an inherent algebraic sign ambiguity in the difference frequency. At moderately high SNRs, satisfactory results are obtained from computer simulations. The mean-square errors of the estimates are compared with the corresponding values of the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs). >
Kyanite-, Staurolite-, and Garnet-Bearing Schists in the Setters Formation, Maryland Piedmont

Reconnaissance studies of the Setters Formation, the basal unit of the Glenarm Series, confirm early reports that kyanite, Staurolite, and abundant garnets occur in the schists at the top of the formation, and refute recent statements to the contrary. Kyanite, Staurolite, and garnet are most abundant in the Setters schist north of Texas, Maryland. South of that point, the schist contains little or no kyanite or Staurolite, and only rare garnet, possibly reflecting a change in sedimentary facies.
Altos estructurales costa afuera en la región de Valparaíso, Chile central: Réplica a comentarios de C. Rodrigo

Abstract .- C. Rodrigo states that the satellite altimetry data used by the authors is no longer valid and, therefore, the 3summits are non-existent. The author’s opinion is that the version compiled from Sandwell & Smith (2001), showing 3summits, as much as the one from Rodrigo (2011), showing only one, deserves respect. Both must be considered as proposalsand should be judged by the scientific community for their approval or rejection. Key words : Data bank, satellite altimetry, non-confined block, slump, slope I NTRODUCCION La Nota Cientifica publicada por Rodrigo 2011 (en adelanteCR), concluye que las 3 cumbres submarinas orientadasN10°W, no existen, porque en su opinion, la cartografiamediante altimetria satelital utilizada para inferirlas(Sandwell & Smith 2001), es inexacta. Por lo anterior, sehace necesario esclarecer y dar respuesta con mencion afactores batimetricos y geologicos del area del margencontinental de la Region de Valparaiso comprendida entrePapudo y Quintero.
RCDC: a relaxed consistency deterministic computer

Providing deterministic execution significantly simplifies the debugging, testing, replication, and deployment of multithreaded programs. Recent work has developed deterministic multiprocessor architectures as well as compiler and runtime systems that enforce determinism in current hardware. Such work has incidentally imposed strong memory-ordering properties. Historically, memory ordering has been relaxed in favor of higher performance in shared memory multiprocessors and, interestingly, determinism exacerbates the cost of strong memory ordering. Consequently, we argue that relaxed memory ordering is vital to achieving faster deterministic execution.This paper introduces RCDC, a deterministic multiprocessor architecture that takes advantage of relaxed memory orderings to provide high-performance deterministic execution with low hardware complexity. RCDC has two key innovations: a hybrid HW/SW approach to enforcing determinism; and a new deterministic execution strategy that leverages data-race-free-based memory models (e.g., the models for Java and C++) to improve performance and scalability without sacrificing determinism, even in the presence of races. In our hybrid HW/SW approach, the only hardware mechanisms required are software-controlled store buffering and support for precise instruction counting; we do not require speculation. A runtime system uses these mechanisms to enforce determinism for arbitrary programs.We evaluate RCDC using PARSEC benchmarks and show that relaxing memory ordering leads to performance and scalability close to nondeterministic execution without requiring any form of speculation. We also compare our new execution strategy to one based on TSO (total-store-ordering) and show that some applications benefit significantly from the extra relaxation. We also evaluate a software-only implementation of our new deterministic execution strategy.
Challenges and Psychosocial Growth for Older Volunteers Giving Intensive Humanitarian Service

Purpose of the study: We conducted a qualitative study of 38 mid-late life volunteers in intensive humanitarian service to ascertain the challenges, personal changes, and benefits they experienced from their volunteer activities. Intensive volunteering was defined as service done on a 24-hr a day basis at a location away from home. Design and Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted by phone or in person with each participant. Couples serving together were interviewed conjointly. Data were analyzed using McCracken’s 5-step process for long interviews. Results: Participants described and resolved many challenges including adjustment to new situations and cultures, work-related challenges, and readjustment to home. Consistent with Erikson’s descriptions of care, volunteers described benefits of expanded social networks, increased closeness to spouses, and increased compassion and empathy for others. In terms of wisdom, they described altered personal perspectives, with lessened materialism and self-focus, greater appreciation of cultural differences, and finding existential meaning in service. Implications: Because of population aging and social service organizational contraction, humanitarian service organizations may rely more on older volunteers to fulfill their goals. A deeper understanding of the challenges, ways in which they were met, and perceived benefits of later life intensive volunteering can inform organizational efforts to recruit older adults and support them in diverse settings.
Representation, space and Hollywood Squares: looking at things that aren't there anymore

It has been argued that the human cognitive system is capable of using spatial indexes or oculomotor coordinates to relieve working memory load (Ballard, D. H., Hayhoe, M. M., Pook, P. K., & Rao, R. P. N. (1997). Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 20(4), 723), track multiple moving items through occlusion (Scholl, D. J., & Pylyshyn, Z. W. (1999). Cognitive Psychology, 38, 259) or link incompatible cognitive and sensorimotor codes (Bridgeman, B., & Huemer, V. (1998). Consciousness and Cognition, 7, 454). Here we examine the use of such spatial information in memory for semantic information. Previous research has often focused on the role of task demands and the level of automaticity in the encoding of spatial location in memory tasks. We present five experiments where location is irrelevant to the task, and participants’ encoding of spatial information is measured implicitly by their looking behavior during recall. In a paradigm developed from Spivey and Geng (Spivey, M. J., & Geng, J. (2000). submitted for publication), participants were presented with pieces of auditory, semantic information as part of an event occurring in one of four regions of a computer screen. In front of a blank grid, they were asked a question relating to one of those facts. Under certain conditions it was found that during the question period participants made significantly more saccades to the empty region of space where the semantic information had been previously presented. Our findings are discussed in relation to previous research on memory and spatial location, the dorsal and ventral streams of the visual system, and the notion of a cognitive-perceptual system using spatial indexes to exploit the stability of the external world. q 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Process Synchronization in Multi-core Systems Using On-Chip Memories

In this paper, we present a novel process synchronization mechanism and the application of on-chip memories for process synchronization in multi-core systems. The multi-core processor architecture and a signaling scheme which supports the novel process synchronization mechanism are presented. The validity of the proposed synchronization mechanism is demonstrated by experiments on a virtual prototyping platform. Also, comparison against external memory based schemes shows that the proposed use of on-chip memories in multi-core process synchronization is an effective solution to reduce synchronization overheads, especially as the number of processor cores increase.
Improving Self-Management Skills Through Patient-Centered Communication

Abstract Purpose We tested relationships between patient-centered communication (PCC), relatedness to health care providers, and autonomy around health care management among youth with and without mobility limitations (MLs) and examined whether the relationship between PCC and autonomy was mediated by how connected youth feel to their health care providers. Methods Stratified multiple regression models were used to examine predicted associations for youth with and without MLs. Results PCC was significantly associated with relatedness to health care providers and autonomy for managing health care among youth with and without MLs. After controlling for covariates, evidence of mediation was observed among youth without MLs but not for youth with MLs. Conclusions For youth without MLs, mediation suggests that youth's connection to their health care provider contributes to higher levels of health-related autonomy. For youth with MLs, independent of feeling connected to health care providers, more frequent PCC resulted in higher levels of health-related autonomy.
An Investigation of PDMS Stamp Assisted Mechanical Exfoliation of Large Area Graphene

Abstract We report on a study of a viscoelastic polymer stamp-based mechanical exfoliation technique capable of yielding large area (∼square centimeters or larger) graphene layers from a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) substrate by manipulating the adhesion properties of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp and other key process parameters. In particular, the effects of stamp adhesion, normal contact force, and dwell time on the exfoliation force, layer thickness, and graphene surface morphology are studied. Experiments show that the process is capable of exfoliating relatively large (up to 12x 12 mm 2 ) graphene layers under certain conditions. The exfoliated layers, albeit of varying thickness, have regions that are tens of nanometer thick and contain various topographical features such as bubbles, wrinkles, and compressed regions. This work serves as the first step toward developing a scalable production method for large area graphene and other layered materials of interest.
Differences in plasma apelin and visfatin levels between patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects and response after acute hyperglycemia and insulin administration.

OBJECTIVE. Previous data suggest that apelin and visfatin play a role in metabolism and glucose homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to determine differences in plasma apelin and visfatin concentrations between healthy subjects and patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to study the effect of hyperglycemia and insulin administration on their levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN. One hundred patients with T1DM and 52 healthy subjects were examined. Nine patients with type 1 diabetes and 9 controls participated in a further study. In the main study, blood samples were taken after a 12-hour fast. In a further study, an oral glucose tolerance test was performed on two occasions. In session A, at baseline, insulin lispro (7 units) was administered subcutaneously to the type 1 diabetic patients, while a placebo injection was administered to controls. In session B, no insulin or placebo was administered. Apelin, visfatin, insulin and glucose levels were measured at baseline and 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 min after glucose consumption. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. Fasting plasma apelin concentrations were higher (p<0.001), while fasting visfatin levels tended to be lower (p=0.06) in patients with type 1 diabetes in comparison to healthy subjects. In the diabetes group, fasting apelin (but not visfatin) correlated with HDL-C (p = 0.001). Apelin and visfatin did not change significantly during the oral glucose tolerance test in either group with or without exogenous insulin administration.
Economic Development and Subsidies in the North Caucasus

Moscow’s “Strategy” for the North Caucasus was yet another attempt by the federal center to reduce political discontent and economic marginalization in the region. The document did little to change the status quo, and has failed to adequately address the foundational problems plaguing the region such as corruption and violence. Five years on, some call for Moscow to divest itself of the North Caucasus, itself a course of action that could bring into question the viability of the Russian state.
CONSTRUCTING RESEARCH WITH CASE STUDIES

A case study is an empirical inquiry that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context. The case study research method is popular across various disciplines, however, critics of the method argue that results from this form of research are applicable only to the case studied and cannot be generalized further. In the field of construction engineering and management, the number of papers employing case study research methods over the past decade has increased substantially. The question that arises as the method proliferates is whether case studies are being performed with sufficient validity and reliability to maximize the extent to which the findings can be generalized. Given the unique, project-based nature of the construction industry, in this manuscript, we discuss research design and data collection strategies construction engineering and management researchers can employ to improve validity, reliability and the extent to which they can generalize from their findings.
Red Army Opposition to Forced Collectivization, 1929-1930: The Army Wavers

Some years ago, in his biography of Nikolai Bukharin, Stephen Cohen postulated that there was a reservoir of latent support in the Party's rural and urban cadres for Bukharin's moderate alternative to Stalin's rapid industrialization and the forced collectivization of agriculture of the first five-year plan. Cohen did not suspect that potential support for Bukharin and his policies of gradual industrialization and retention of private farming also existed in the Red Army's company and battalion party cells, as well as among some regimental leadership of the political administration of the Red Army (PUR). At first glance, Cohen's seems to have been a natural omission; after all, the army, with its hierarchy of commissars and political officers (politruki) ostensibly dedicated to the general line of the Party, appeared obedient and loyal to the dictates of the party Central Committee. PUR showed apparently little interest in the struggle between Stalin and Bukharin over future industrial policy.
Cyber resilience recovery model to combat zero-day malware attacks

This paper presents the implementation of an epidemiological model to combat a zero-day outbreak within a closed network. The proposed dynamic Cyber Resilience Recovery Model (CRRM) is used to combat the simulated outbreak and minimize disruptions to business operations. CRRM combines the National Institute of Standards and Technology Special Publication 800-61 incident response life cycle and Susceptible-Infected-Quarantined-Recovered epidemiological model. It provides insights into the strengths and weaknesses of current recovery processes and presents possible solutions for addressing changing cybersecurity threats. Evaluation results demonstrate that CRRM accurately simulates malware outbreaks on a network and has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for supporting decision-making and technological investments that improve cyber resilience.
Chemical Modification of the Lysine Residues on Plastocyanin and the Effect on Cytochrome f.

Plastocyanin (1) (PC) is a 10.5 kD copper protein which is located in the lumen of the thylakoid where it shuttles electrons between cytochrome f (cyt f) and P700. PC contains two potential binding sites for reaction partners (2). Negatively-charged molecules bind at Site 1 is His 87 (Site 1) at the top of the PC molecule as depicted in Fig. 1. Site 2 is located in the vicinity of Tyr 83 (Site 2) which is surrounded by a patch of highly-conserved negatively-charged residues (3). Positively-charged molecules such as cobalt phenanthroline (3) and cytochrome c (4) bind to this site.
DNA damage-induced mutagenesis : a novel target for cancer prevention.

Tolerance to some degree of unrepaired DNA damage is crucial for cell survival-more specifically, for the sustained functionality of the DNA replication machinery-in the presence of adverse (genotoxic) conditions. At least two mechanisms ensure such tolerance: template switching and lesion bypass. Lesion bypass, whereby unrepaired damaged DNA serves as template, involves the Y family of DNA polymerases; lesion bypass can be error-free or error-prone, depending on the nucleotide incorporated during translesion synthesis. Error-prone lesion bypass constitutes a major mechanism of mutagenesis and, in eukaryotes, is primarily effected by the DNA polymerase zeta (Polzeta) pathway. A relationship between the Y family polymerases and the Polzeta pathway is thus implicated, and conforms to the two-polymerase two-step model of lesion bypass. Based on the mutagenesis hypothesis of cancer formation, DNA damage-induced mutagenesis and its underlying molecular biology offer an intriguing potential target for cancer prevention.
Urinary Diversion for Ureteral Obstruction in the Presence of Recurrent Colon Carcinoma

Selection of patients who might benefit from urinary diversion when recurrent colorectal cancer obstructs both ureters is difficult. Combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy will prolong a useful, comfortable and dignified life in some patients. Radiation therapy seems to be more effective than chemotherapy and, therefore, patients most likely to benefit are those with localized pelvic recurrences without carcinomatosis and those who are well nourished, active and highly motivated. Herein we discuss 6 patients who were diverted and the methods of selection.
Do hospitals need oncological critical care units

Since the inception of critical care as a formal discipline in the late 1950s, we have seen rapid specialization to many types of intensive care units (ICUs) to accommodate evolving life support technologies and novel therapies in various disciplines of medicine. Indeed, the field has expanded such that specialized ICUs currently exist to address critical care problems in medicine, cardiology, neurology and neurosurgery, trauma, burns, organ transplant and cardiothoracic surgeries. Specialization does not only need new infrastructure, but also training and staffing of health care providers, ancillary staff, and development and implementation of processes of care. Oncology is another branch of medicine with growing ICU needs. Given the rise in cancer incidence worldwide and better survival rates alongside advances in chemotherapeutic and surgical options, more cancer patients are nowadays requiring advanced life support for cancer-related complications, treatment-related toxicities and severe infections. Here we provide a brief summary of the current evidence supporting the specialization of critical care and explore three different models of care for critically ill cancer patients, including the development of a specialized oncological ICU. Finally, we also discuss recently published and future research related to the care of critically ill cancer patients.
Development of a new P3 (Probability, Protection, and Precipitation) method for vulnerability, hazard, and risk intensity index assessments in karst watersheds

Abstract Vulnerability, hazard, and risk intensity index (RII) maps are valuable tools for water managers to protect aquifers from contamination. However, in karst aquifers the development of vulnerability and RII maps is subject to explorational bias due to the impracticality of identifying all karst features within watersheds. The P3 method ( P robability, P rotection, and P recipitation) is proposed to minimize explorational bias through a decision tree model generated from probability maps and nearest neighbor analysis to assign a reduction in aquifer protection based on the probability of encountering karst features. This new method was used in conjunction with previously mapped hazards to assess the vulnerability and RII of nitrate contamination in 2 karst watersheds in semi-arid climate conditions. Validation of the P3 method was conducted with spring hydrographs, tracer tests, nitrate results, and output from a previously developed SWAT model. The maps generated with the P3 method were compared with maps generated from the COP method ( C oncentration of flow, O verlying layers, P recipitation) using known karst features as well as karst features inferred from analyzing a high resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (COP-DEM method). Validation results show the P3 method most closely estimates the aquifer’s vulnerability and RII by minimizing explorational bias. Conversely, the COP method using known karst features underestimates vulnerability and RII by not accounting for all karst features and the COP-DEM method overestimates vulnerability and RII due to false positives of karst features. The P3 method is suitable for all karst aquifers and offers improvements over existing vulnerability mapping methodologies. Namely, the P3 method minimizes explorational bias without requiring knowledge of the location of all karst features within a study area.
Mechanistic Insights for Low-Overpotential Electroreduction of CO2 to CO on Copper Nanowires

Recent developments of copper (Cu)-based nanomaterials have enabled the electroreduction of CO2 at low overpotentials. The mechanism of low-overpotential CO2 reduction on these nanocatalysts, however, largely remains elusive. We report here a systematic investigation of CO2 reduction on highly dense Cu nanowires, with the focus placed on understanding the surface structure effects on the formation of *CO (* denotes an adsorption site on the catalyst surface) and the evolution of gas-phase CO product (CO(g)) at low overpotentials (more positive than −0.5 V). Cu nanowires of distinct nanocrystalline and surface structures are studied comparatively to build up the structure–property relationships, which are further interpreted by performing density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the reaction pathway on the various facets of Cu. A kinetic model reveals competition between CO(g) evolution and *CO poisoning depending on the electrode potential and surface structures. Open and metastable facets such as ...
Biochemistry and Pharmacology of Retinoids in Relation to Chemoprevention of Cancer

In experimental animals dosed with carcinogens, retinoids, compounds related in structure to retinol and retinoic acid (RA), often have chemopreventive effects, particularly in models for mammary, bladder, and skin cancer (see 1,2). For natural and synthetic retinoids, their pharmacologic disposition, toxicity, and efficacy in the prevention of cancer vary with their structural features. Consideration of these factors can lead to a better understanding of the mechanism of action of retinoids and to the development of more effective chemopreventive compounds.
Incentivizing Flexibility in System Operations

Defining flexibility has been a challenge that a number of industry members and researchers have attempted to address in recent years. With increased variability and uncertainty of variable generation (VG), the resources on the system will have to be more flexible to adjust output, so that power output ranges, power ramp rates, and energy duration sustainability are sufficient to meet the needs of balancing supply with demand at various operational timescales. This chapter discusses whether existing market designs provide adequate incentives for resources to offer their flexibility into the market to meet the increased levels of variability and uncertainty introduced by VG in the short-term operational time frame. It presents a definition of flexibility and discusses how increased levels of VG require increased needs for flexibility on power systems. Following this introductory material, the chapter examines how existing market designs ensure that resources have the right incentives to provide increased flexibility, and then discusses a number of emerging market design elements that impact flexibility incentives.
Insights into the Phenotypic and Behavioral Effects of Teratogenic Drugs in Caenorhabditis elegans

Environmental toxicants, chemical substances produced or introduced into the environment directly by humans or their activities, can act as teratogens during development that negatively impact health. Long-term ramifications of environmental exposures to sublethal doses of teratogens are often unrecognized and unknown. The round worm, Caenorhabditis elegans, is an emerging model organism to investigate the long-term impacts of environmental teratogens upon health. This chapter describes a toxicant exposure paradigm integrated with phenotyping assays to screen adult worms, and their progeny, for effects on reproduction, growth and development, behavior, and energy balance.
NoC Performance Analysis

Traditionally, performance evaluation of networks-on-chip (NoC) is largely based on simulation which, besides being extremely slow, provides little insight on how different design parameters can affect the actual network performance. Therefore, it is practically impossible to use simulation for optimization purposes. This chapter presents a mathematical model for on-chip routers and utilize this new model for NoC performance analysis. The model presented in this chapter can be used not only to obtain fast and accurate performance estimates, but also to guide the NoC design process within an optimization loop. The accuracy of our approach and its practical use is illustrated through extensive simulation results.
A Regularization Method for Inverse Heat Conduction Problems

In this paper we consider the analytic and numerical analysis of a class of inverse problems arising from input-output systems governed by partial differential equations of parabolic type where the inputs and outputs are given as point actuators and sensors. In particular, it is assumed that an unknown input produces an (approximately) known or desired output. The output is given as a finite set of data from which it is desired to (approximately) reconstruct the effecting input. It is well known that this type of scenario typically leads to ill-posed problems about which there is a vast literature.
Role of the Father

Freud, who gave scientific validation to the woman’s sexual needs, saw the father, through his protective role, as the primary figure of a child’s life. This view was repeated in his writings up to 1921. He identified the role of the penis as an organizer of infantile emotion and personality. Despite Otto Rank and others who stressed the role of the mother, it required the work of a woman—Melanie Klein, who worked with very young children—to establish for psychoanalysis the primary role of the mother, who, through her nutrient breast, acts as the earliest organizer of infantile emotional life and personality.
Abstract LB-376: Clinico-genomic analysis of temozolomide-induced hypermutation in both molecular subtypes of IDH-mutant glioma

Hypermutated gliomas arising from treatment with alkylating agents, such as temozolomide (TMZ), are genetically distinct, recurrent tumors about which very little is known. Here, we have identified common and subtype-specific patterns in the tumor evolution of IDH-mutant, low-grade astrocytoma (1p/19q-intact) and oligodendroglioma (1p/19q-codeleted) from 57 glioma patients. Hypermutation involved unanimous defects in mismatch repair in both subtypes, with unique mismatch repair alterations differentiating hypermutation events in serial recurrences. Hypermutation was associated with malignant progression in astrocytoma, and can differentiate high-grade regions from low-grade regions within the same tumor. Hypermutated oligodendroglioma tumors associated with newly-arising p53 mutations and mirrored the early branching evolution of astrocytoma tumors. Results from this longitudinal clinical-genomic study suggest prominent roles for MMR and p53 in the establishment and maintenance of hypermutation. The evolution of TMZ-related tumor antigens across serial tumor recurrences will be presented. Citation Format: Matthew R. Grimmer. Clinico-genomic analysis of temozolomide-induced hypermutation in both molecular subtypes of IDH-mutant glioma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-376.
Hamiltonian systems with Lévy noise: Symplecticity, Hamilton’s principle and averaging principle

Abstract This work focuses on topics related to Hamiltonian stochastic differential equations with Levy noise. We first show that the phase flow of the stochastic system preserves symplectic structure, and propose a stochastic version of Hamilton’s principle by the corresponding formulation of the stochastic action integral and the Euler–Lagrange equation. Based on these properties, we further investigate the effective behavior of a small transversal perturbation to a completely integrable stochastic Hamiltonian system with Levy noise. We establish an averaging principle in the sense that the action component of solution converges to the solution of a stochastic differential equation when the scale parameter goes to zero. Furthermore, we obtain the estimation for the rate of this convergence. Finally, we present an example to illustrate these results.
Agar.io: The Game’s in the Name:

Agar.io is a web and app game with simplistic rules and a minimalistic design. Despite this, the game grew to great global prominence in 2015, and the narratives players constructed within the game...
Perceiving Animacy in Own-and Other-Species Faces

Though artificial faces of various kinds are rapidly becoming more and more life-like due to advances in graphics technology (Suwajanakorn et al., 2015; Booth et al., 2017), observers can typically distinguish real faces from artificial faces. In general, face recognition is tuned to experience such that expert-level processing is most evident for faces that we encounter frequently in our visual world, but the extent to which face animacy perception is also tuned to in-group vs. out-group categories remains an open question. In the current study, we chose to examine how the perception of animacy in human faces and dog faces was affected by face inversion and the duration of face images presented to adult observers. We hypothesized that the impact of these manipulations may differ as a function of species category, indicating that face animacy perception is tuned for in-group faces. Briefly, we found evidence of such a differential impact, suggesting either that distinct mechanisms are used to evaluate the “life” in a face for in-group and out-group faces, or that the efficiency of a common mechanism varies substantially as a function of visual expertise.
The Future of Peanut Agronomic Research - The Sky is Not the Limit

ABSTRACT Many guidelines for agronomic management of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) are well-established when considered individually. However, crop productivity is typically driven by more than one ...
The effect of carbon dioxide and nitrogen on pyrite surface properties and flotation response

Abstract In 1997 Newmont USA Ltd. introduced the N2TEC process for the flotation recovery of auriferous pyrite and other sulfide minerals in Carlin type ores, using nitrogen as the flotation gas, and low pH to prevent oxidation and hydrolysis of the pyrite surface. However, increased amounts of carbonate gangue minerals in certain Carlin type ores adversely affect the flotation recovery due to difficulties with pH control in the presence of carbonate minerals, i.e. calcite, dolomite, etc. Subsequently, it was discovered that by using CO2 for flotation, the pH of the system can be more effectively controlled, and consequently the recovery and rate of pyrite flotation can be improved significantly. In our current laboratory research on pyrite flotation chemistry these results were confirmed, as both fresh and oxidized pyrite particles exhibited an increased flotation response in CO2 saturated solution. It was found that the water contact angle at the pyrite surface increased in CO2 and N2 saturated solutions, while surface oxidation and bubble attachment time decreased. In addition to decreased surface oxidation and the influence of pH on surface hydrolysis, the significance of bubble attachment phenomena in these CO2 flotation systems helps to explain the improved flotation response.
Chapter 8 – Aphids

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses insect aphids and their agricultural importance. Aphid damage is among the most serious of agricultural and horticultural problems. Aphids, as the superfamily Aphidoidea, belong to the Hemipteran Sternorrhyncha with Aleyrodoidea, Psylloidea, and Coccoidea. A pest aphid species may affect only a very specific crop, a group of related crop hosts, or may be quite polyphagous within and between plant families. Many of the notoriously polyphagous aphid pests represent sibling species complexes that are morphologically identical but differ in karyotype. Generally, such aphid pests comprise anholocyclic clones, or biotypes, that differ in host preferences, the ability to transmit diseases, or resistance to pesticides. Aphids cause damage and lower agricultural yields in several ways. They can build to high population densities, remove plant nutrients, and may damage plants by removing enough sap to cause withering and death. The most serious problem posed by aphids is the vectoring of plant viruses. Virus-infected plants often show an aphid-attractive yellowing and have increased free amino acids, so aphids benefit by virus transmission. In integrated pest management (IPM) strategy, how to control aphids is studied cautiously. IPM of aphids minimizes the effects on nontarget species. Tactics include cultural control methods, for example, minimizing ant populations, using ultraviolet-reflecting films to repel alatae, or interplanting pollen and nectar source plants among crop rows to promote natural enemies.
Lift and drag coefficients of deformable bubbles in intense turbulence determined from bubble rise velocity

We experimentally investigate the rise velocity of finite-sized bubbles in turbulence with a high energy dissipation rate of . In contrast to a 30–40 % reduction in rise velocity previously reported in weak turbulence (the Weber number ( ) is much smaller than the Eotvos number ( ); ), the bubble rise velocity in intense turbulence shows a surprising new behaviour: an abrupt transition from an order of magnitude slower to a factor of two faster than rising in an otherwise quiescent medium. This transition occurs when increases from below one to above one, underscoring the key role played by the turbulence-induced deformation. We also formulate a model based on bubble–eddy coupling, and the results show an excellent agreement with not only our data in intense turbulence but also other works on weak turbulence. The model also helps us to extract the lift and drag coefficients of bubbles in intense turbulence for a wide range of and Reynolds numbers in situ.