cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic classification of dysfunctional thoughts: A feasibility test

The identification of dysfunctional thoughts is a central effort in cognitive therapy. This paper describes the first version of a computer module that classifies dysfunctional thoughts automatically. It is part of COGNO, a system we are developing to give automatic feedback on dysfunctional thoughts. The system uses rules that were developed from language markers identified in a sample of 149 dysfunctional thoughts. The system was tested with an independent set of 112 example thoughts. The system detects the majority of dysfunctional thoughts, but works reliably only for some thought categories. Automatic thought classification may be a first step toward developing natural dialogue systems in cognitive therapy.
Using repeated cross-sectional surveys to study political attitudes and behavior in a new democracy: HAPC models for Taiwan

The political socialization literature attributes the formation of public political attitudes in mature democracies to varying mixtures of life-cycle processes, generational experiences and period effects. In the absence of long-term, individual-level panel data, delineating these effects has been a longstanding problem. Building on path-breaking work by Yang and Land, recent research has utilized multi-level analyses of repeated cross-sectional survey data sets to estimate life-cycle, generational and period effects in several Western countries. Employing data from national election surveys conducted over the past decade by the TEDS project, this paper uses the Yang–Land methodology to conduct illustrative analyses of age cohort and period effects on political attitudes and behavior in a new Asian democracy, Taiwan. Analyses of KMT partisanship show a significant generational component, and analyses of political efficacy, political interest and electoral turnout suggest that inferences about age cohort and period effects can depend on how individual-level age effects are specified.
Effects of Cocaine on Fetal Development in Mice

The objective of the current investigation was to study the effects of cocaine on midgestational fetuses and newborn pups of NIH Swiss mice. 24 adult female mice were divided into four groups. Two groups were used as experimental and two as control. Each experimental animal was injected with 30mg/kg cocaine HCI dissolved in 0.2ml saline, while each control animal was injected with 0.2ml vehicle only. The midgestational fetuses showed significant reduction in weights and soft tissue development. However, no reduction in weight was observed in newborn pups. No significant difference in placental weight and size was noted. No apparent skeletal or soft tissue abnormality indicating any congenital anomaly was noted. No significant difference in maternal weight gain between the control versus experimental groups was observed.
Fluxon tunneling in long Josephson junctions below 1 K

Abstract Studies of fluxon tunneling rates between Fiske steps of long Josephson junctions show weak temperature dependence between 1 K and 0.012 K. This system provides a double well where transitions between macroscopic resistive states are governed mainly by quantum mechanical tunneling with dissipation reducing the rate of tunneling events.
Calories sucrées liquides et satiété : existe-t-il une différence d’effet sur le bilan énergétique ?

Resume Les boissons sucrees seraient responsables de l’epidemie mondiale d’obesite. Les calories provenant du sucre et consommees dans les boissons ne favoriseraient pas, diton, la satiete, en partie parce que l’homme ne possederait pas les mecanismes physiologiques permettant de prendre en compte les calories glucidiques consommees sous forme liquide. La compensation de l’energie provenant des boissons serait donc imprecise et incomplete, voire totalement inexistante. Cependant, la notion selon laquelle les liquides n’ont pas d’effet sur les mecanismes de la satiete est tres peu etayee par l’experience. Des etudes ont montre que les boissons (liquides) et les biscuits (solides) ont des profils de satiete semblables. Dans d’autres etudes, les yaourts a boire et les preparations liquides destinees aux regimes ont favorise la satiete assez efficacement. Dans des etudes de laboratoire, le degre de compensation energetique qui suit l’ingestion d’une boisson est influence par les caracteristiques du sujet, le volume de la boisson et l’intervalle de temps ecoule entre l’ingestion de la boisson et le repas suivant. Ces facteurs ont eu un effet plus important sur la faim, la satiete et les apports energetiques ulterieurs selon que la precharge etait soit liquide, soit solide. Ainsi donc, aucun element probant n’a demontre que les liquides etaient denues de pouvoir satietant lorsqu’ils sont compares aux aliments solides.
Observation of cultured peripheral non-neuronal cells implanted into the transected spinal cord.

We have previously reported that cultured peripheral non-neuronal cells could be used as an adjunct to spinal cord reconstruction with the delayed nerve graft technique. The cultured cells appeared to enhance axonal regeneration and with their use the time it took for axons from the spinal cord stumps to reach the nerve graft was reduced. To gain insight into the possible mechanisms through which peripheral nonneuronal cells can foster CNS regeneration, we have now investigated the behaviour of the peripheral nonneuronal cells after implantation into the spinal cord. Autologous mixed non-neuronal cell cultures were prepared from cat sciatic nerve biopsies and labeled in culture with tritiated thymidine. The labeled cells were implanted so as to completely fill the gap in the spinal cord produced by a narrow “slit transection”. Light-and electron-microscopic autoradiography was used to identify the cells 3 and 7 days after implantation and to determine their proximity to, and possible interaction with, axons in the spinal cord stumps. The implanted peripheral cells were frequently found near spinal cord axons and axon terminals. Some of the labeled cells ensheathed axons in which case they displayed morphological characteristics of Schwann cells. Other labeled cells had characteristics of fibroblasts and were surrounded by an extracellular matrix rich in collagen fibrils. Many of the labeled cells contained phagocytosed myelin debris. These observations are consistent with the implanted cells acting to enhance regeneration in the spinal cord either by direct interaction with axons (ensheathment) or indirectly via the production of soluble neuronotrophic factors or a favorable extracellular matrix. The ability of the implanted cells to rapidly move into the spinal cord stumps and attain positions close to spinal cord axons would be an important factor for any of these mechanisms.
Effect of composition on molecular alignment in polyethylene terephthalate copolymers

In this study molecular alignment in copolymers of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and phydroxybenzoic acid (PHB) was examined by means of differential radial distribution function (DRDF) analysis of wide angle X-ray scattering data. The study was carried out using two representative copolymers with the PHB content of 30 and 60 mol%. The DRDF curves for the amorphous and the partially crystalline samples of these copolymers showed periodic intermolecular peaks up to various radial distances. The appearance of these peaks at ~ 5 A periodicity suggested the existence of more-orless parallel chain segments in the copolymers. The extent of the lateral molecular organization was ~ 15 and 30 A for the amorphous copolymers containing 30 and 60 mol% PHB, respectively. A substantial structural difference was therefore shown for the copolymers in this composition range. The DRDFcurve for the amorphous copolymer with 30 mol% PHB was found to be very similar to that for the previously reported glassy PET with 0 mol% PHB, indicating that the two materials had almost the same intermolecular structure. The structural information revealed by these DRDF results was in agreement with the various property changes caused by varying PHB contents of the copolymers.
Region-specific sprouting of crossed corticofugal fibers after unilateral cortical lesions in adult mice

Long considered to be limited to early development or restricted adult brain regions in mammals, axonal sprouting of spared axons into denervated brain areas now appears more widespread in the adult mammalian brain. However, its extent and mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that robust sprouting of corticofugal axons occurs in the dorsolateral striatum but not the red nucleus of adult mice after unilateral lesions of the sensorimotor cortex induced either by mechanical removal or by thermocoagulation of pial blood vessels. These results show that local factors are critical for axonal sprouting in adult brain. They also extend previous findings in rats to a species readily amenable to genetic analysis in order to elucidate the mechanisms of this effect.
Criteria For Evaluating Proposed Frameworks of A “General Theory of Management”

Focuses on the criteria which would be useful in evaluating any proposed framework of a general management theory. Other areas of study that contribute to a general framework of management theory; ...
Preoperative patient counseling for diagnostic renal biopsy and complications with renal radiofrequency ablation.

To identify preoperative factors associated with surgical complications and successful diagnostic renal biopsy in both laparoscopic and percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of renal masses in order to help aid in preoperative patient counseling for renal RFA. We reviewed our Institutional Review Board approved database from November 2001 to January 2011, containing 335 tumors treated with either laparoscopic (LRFA) or percutaneous RFA (CTRFA). Preoperative patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and intraoperative surgical data were collected along with biopsy results and clinicopathologic outcomes. RFA was performed on 335 renal tumors (124 LRFA, 211 CTRFA). Non-diagnostic biopsy occurred in 18 (5.5%) tumors. Of the 317 procedures performed, 121 complications occurred in 103 (30.7%) procedures. Multivariate analysis only showed CTRFA (vs LRFA) to increase the likelihood of non-diagnostic biopsy (OR 5.1, 95% CI 1.2–22, p = 0.032). Increased tumor size (p = 0.007) and synchronous ablations (p = 0.019) increased the risk for major complications, while decreased surgeon experience (p = 0.003) and tumors close to the collecting system (p = 0.005) increased the risk of any complication. Preoperative recommendations can be made to patients in the future. We suggest counseling patients that when undergoing RFA, percutaneous approach increases the risk of non-diagnostic biopsy, increased tumor size increases the risk of major complications, having more than 1 tumor ablated increases the risk of a major complication, and tumors close to the collecting system may increase the risk of complications.
Temperature effect on parr-smolt transformation in steelhead trout (Salmogairdneri) as measured by gill sodium-potassium stimulated adenosine triphosphatase

Abstract 1. 1. The effect of temperature (6·5, 10, 15 or 20°C) on the increase of gill microsomal Na+-, K+-stimulated ATPase activity associated with parr-smolt transformation in steelhead trout (Salmo gairdneri) was found to be crucial. 2. 2. At 6·5 or 10°C there was a twofold increase in Na+-, K+-ATPase and a sharp decrease in coefficient of condition at the beginning of the smolt season in March. In June the ATPase activity returned to pre-smolt level and the coefficient of condition increased to or above that of the parr. 3. 3. At 15 or 20°C there was no increase in Na+-, K+-ATPase nor did the coefficient of condition decrease during the smolt season. 4. 4. Preliminary tests showed a correlation of salt water survival with high Na+-, K+-ATPase activity. 5. 5. These results indicate that in steelhead trout parr-smolt transformation and subsequent sea water adaptation are inhibited by water temperatures of 15 and 20°C.
The San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment.

On December 16, 2012, a group of editors and publishers of scholarly journals, including representatives from The Company of Biologists (COB), publisher of Disease Models & Mechanisms , gathered at the Annual Meeting of The American Society for Cell Biology in San Francisco, CA, USA to discuss
Objectifying Sarah Palin: Evidence that objectification causes women to be perceived as less competent and less fully human

Although a great deal of research has examined the effects of objectification on women’s self-perceptions and behavior, empirical research has yet to address how objectifying a woman affects the way she is perceived by others. We hypothesize that focusing on a woman’s appearance will promote reduced perceptions of competence, and also, by virtue of construing the women as an “object”, perceptions of the woman as less human. We found initial experimental evidence for these hypotheses as a function of objectifying two targets – Sarah Palin and Angelina Jolie. In addition, focusing on Palin’s appearance reduced intentions to vote for the McCain–Palin ticket (prior to the 2008 US Presidential election). We discuss these findings in the context of the election and the objectification of women.
The evolution of global portal strategy

The worldwide penetration of the Internet has provided great opportunities for global expansion of Internet portals. Despite their early advantage and superior technology, U.S.-based portals have failed to challenge strong local portals. This article describes the internationalization of portals, using the extended integration-responsiveness theory to explain the pressures of international portal strategies, and speculates on the future of international portals. © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Possible Involvement of Stress-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway and Fas Receptor Expression in Prevention of Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis by Carvedilol

Carvedilol, a new vasodilating beta-adrenoceptor antagonist and a potent antioxidant, produces a high degree of cardioprotection in a variety of experimental models of ischemic cardiac injury. Recent clinical studies in patients with heart failure have demonstrated that carvedilol reduces morbidity and mortality and inhibits cardiac remodeling. The present study was designed to explore whether the protective effects of carvedilol on the ischemic myocardium include inhibition of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and, if so, to determine its mechanism of action. Anesthetized rabbits were subjected to 30 minutes of coronary artery occlusion followed by 4 hours of reperfusion. Detection of apoptosis of cardiomyocytes was based on the presence of nucleosomal DNA fragments on agarose gels (DNA ladder) and in situ nick end labeling. Carvedilol (1 mg/kg IV), administered 5 minutes before reperfusion, reduced the number of apoptotic myocytes in the ischemic area from 14.7 +/- 0.4% to 3.4 +/- 1.8% (77% reduction, P<.001). Propranolol, administered at equipotent beta-blocking dosage, reduced the number of apoptotic myocytes to 8.9 +/- 2.1% (39% reduction, P<.05). DNA ladders were observed in the hearts of all six vehicle-treated rabbits but only one of six carvedilol-treated rabbits (P<.01). Immunocytochemical analysis of rabbit hearts demonstrated an upregulation of Fas protein in ischemic cardiomyocytes, and treatment with carvedilol reduced both the intensity of staining as well as the area stained. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion led to a rapid activation of stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) in the ischemic area but not in nonischemic regions. SAPK activity was increased from 2.1 +/- 0.3 mU/mg (basal) to 8.9 +/- 0.8 mU/mg after 30 minutes of ischemia followed by 20 minutes of reperfusion. Carvedilol inhibited the activation of SAPK by 53.4 +/- 6.5% (P<.05). Under the same conditions, propranolol (1 mg/kg) had no effect on SAPK activation. Taken together, these results suggest that carvedilol prevents myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes possibly by downregulation of the SAPK signaling pathway, by inhibition of Fas receptor expression, and by beta-adrenergic blockade. The former two actions represent novel and important mechanisms that may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of carvedilol.
Optimizing Electrospray Interfaces Using Slowly Diverging Conical Duct (ConDuct) Electrodes

We demonstrate that the efficiency of ion transmission from atmosphere to vacuum through stainless steel electrodes that contain slowly divergent conical duct (ConDuct) channels can be close to 100%. Here, we explore the properties of 2.5-cm-long electrodes with angles of divergence of 0°, 1°, 2°, 3°, 5°, 8°, 13°, and 21°, respectively. The ion transmission efficiency was observed to jump from 10–20% for the 0° (straight) channels to 90–95% for channels with an angle of divergence as small as 1°. Furthermore, the 2–3° ConDuct electrodes produced extraordinarily low divergence ion beams that propagated in a laser-like fashion over long distances in vacuum. To take advantage of these newly discovered properties, we constructed a novel atmosphere-to-vacuum ion interface utilizing a 2° ConDuct as an inlet electrode and compared its ion transmission efficiency with that of the interface used in the commercial (Thermo Fisher Scientific, San Jose, CA, USA) Velos Orbitrap and Q Exactive mass spectrometers. We observed that the ConDuct interface transmitted up to 17 times more ions than the commercial reference interface and also yielded improved signal-to-noise mass spectra of peptides. We infer from these results that the performance of many current atmosphere-to-vacuum interfaces utilizing metal capillaries can be substantially improved by replacing them with 1° or 2° metal ConDuct electrodes, which should preserve the convenience of supplying ion desolvation energy by heating the electrode while greatly increasing the efficiency of ion transmission into the mass spectrometer.
Albuterol Overuse: A Marker of Psychological Distress?

Background Albuterol overuse, 3 or more canisters per year, is associated with poor asthma control and frequent exacerbations. Objective To describe albuterol use on symptom and symptom-free days and identify predictors of albuterol overuse and controller medication underuse. Methods Secondary analyses of data from adults with mild asthma from the Trial of Asthma Patient Education were carried out. Based on albuterol use of 80% or more on symptom days and less than 20% on symptom-free days, participants were characterized as expected users, overusers, or underusers of albuterol. Good controller medication adherence was defined as 80% or more of prescribed doses. Data included demographic characteristics, diary data, spirometry, and scores from standardized questionnaires. Bivariate associations were examined between categorization of medication use and measured characteristics. Results Of the 416 participants, 212 (51%) were expected users, 114 (27%) were overusers, and 90 (22%) were underusers of albuterol. No differences were observed among the user groups by demographic characteristics or lung function. Expected users demonstrated the highest asthma-related knowledge, attitudes, and efficacy. Overusers reported the greatest symptom burden, worst asthma control, and highest frequency of symptom days. Overusers also had the highest burden of depression symptoms. More frequent symptom days accounted for 15% of overuse, greater use on symptom days accounted for 31%, and greater use on symptom free days accounted for 54% of overuse. Mean controller adherence was high across all groups, and there were no differences between the groups. Conclusions Although overusers experienced more frequent symptom days and used more albuterol on those days, most overuse was attributable to unexpected use on symptom-free days. High levels of comorbid depression were observed, particularly among overusers and among those nonadherent to controller medication.
Toward a More Exact Kinematics of Roller Chain Drives

A kinematic analysis has been developed for the motion of roller chain drives, which is exact for relatively slow-speed chain drives with negligible wear. The results shed new light on chordal or polygonal action, and the associated impact velocity and motion fluctuation of the chain drive. The results have also revealed the existence of a remarkable degree of sensitivity of chain performance with respect to center distance including discontinuities in the motion derivatives. This in turn provides a new opportunity for the optimization of chain drives by optimizing center distance both in the design stage, as well as during installation and maintenance.
The glycoprotein of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus elicits neutralizing antibody and protective responses.

Abstract Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is the etiologic agent of a disease that causes massive mortalities among hatchery reared salmon and trout fry. The severity of the economic losses resulting from this disease to the aquaculture industry has made it important to develop a means of preventing these disease outbreaks. Thus, the development of an IHNV vaccine was begun. In this study the glycoprotein G alone was shown to be the only viral protein necessary to elicit neutralizing antibodies. Furthermore, when susceptible salmonid fish were immunized with purified G protein, these fish survived subsequent viral challenge. Antiserum prepared to enzymatically deglycosylated virus was found to contain virus neutralization activity and to react with glycosylated G protein as well. This result indicated that some G protein epitopes were not carbohydrate in nature nor dependent on carbohydrates for their immunogenic conformation. Thus the viral G protein in its nonglycosylated form might be sufficient for a subunit vaccine for IHNV and prokaryotic expression of this viral gene in vaccine development was feasible.
Preliminary investigation of adjustable balloon implant for type I thyroplasty

Objective: We present the adjustable balloon implant (ABI), a novel implant to be used in type I thyroplasty for the treatment of vocal fold paralysis. The ABI offers the same medialization provided by other implants, but can easily be catered to individual patient anatomy as well as modified postoperatively without the need for a revision thyroplasty. Study Design: Repeated measures with each larynx serving as its own control. Methods Medialization thyroplasty (MT) with the ABI was performed on five excised canine larynges. Mucosal wave, aerodynamic, and acoustic parameters were measured for three conditions: normal; right vocal fold paralysis; and paralysis with the ABI. Results: Insertion of the ABI resulted in significant decreases in both phonation threshold pressure and phonation threshold flow. Perturbation parameters of percent jitter and percent shimmer were also significantly decreased and restored to normal levels. Signal-to-noise ratio was significantly increased to the normal level as well. The mucosal wave was preserved after implant insertion. Conclusions: This preliminary experiment showing significant improvements in aerodynamic and acoustic parameters demonstrates the potential of the ABI as a thyroplasty implant. Effective medialization and preservation of the mucosal wave combined with postoperative adjustability makes it a potentially valuable clinical device. Laryngoscope, 2011
The Parkinsonian Syndrome and its Dopamine Correlates

The urinary excretion of free dopamine in 37 untreated parkinsonian patients correlated negatively with the severity of rigidity and akinesia (p<0.025) and with total neurologic deficit (p<0.05). In a parallel study of psychiatric patients, those with the lowest levels of urinary free dopamine before treatment were the most vul nerable to, and developed the most severe, secondary parkinsonian rigidity (p<0.005), akinesia (p<0.05), and total deficit (p<0.01) when they were subsequently treated for two weeks with trifluoperazine. In neither study was there a significant correlation between free urinary dopamine and tremor.
Estimation of Doppler spread and signal strength in mobile communications with applications to handoff and adaptive transmission

Summary Estimation of signal strength, a measure of channel quality, and Doppler spread which is proportional to the mobile speed, are important for handoff algorithms and optimal tuning of system parameters to changing channel conditions in adaptive transmission systems. This paper provides a survey of existing techniques for estimating the statistical parameters of the mobile channel. We discuss the current state of the art in estimation of the received signal strength, mobile velocity, and other related statistical channel parameters, illustrate their performance, and compare existing techniques. The sensitivity of these schemes to modeling error owing to the presence of line of sight, directional reception, and noise is characterized analytically and illustrated by simulations. Copyright  2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Entomopathogenic Fungi Detection and Avoidance by Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

A chamber to monitor mole cricket behavior was designed using two different soil-filled containers and photosensors constructed from infrared emitters and detectors. Mole crickets (Scapteriscus spp.) were introduced into a center tube that allowed them to choose whether to enter and tunnel in untreated soil or soil treated with Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. Each time the cricket passed through the photosensor located near the entrance of soil-filled containers, the infrared light was blocked and the exact moment that this occurred was logged onto a computer using custom-written software. Data examined included the first photosensor trigger, total number of sensor triggers, presence of tunneling, and final location of the cricket after 18 h. These behaviors were analyzed to discern differences in mole cricket behavior in the presence of different treatments and to elucidate the mechanism that mole crickets use to detect fungal pathogens. The first study examined substrate selection and tunneling behavior of the southern mole cricket, Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-Tos, to the presence of five strains of B. bassiana relative to a control. There were no differences between the first sensor trigger and total number of triggers, indicating the mole crickets are not capable of detecting B. bassiana at a distance of 8 cm. Changes in mole cricket tunneling and residence time in treated soil occurred for some strains of B. bassiana but not others. One of the strains associated with behavioral changes in the southern mole cricket was used in a second experiment testing behavioral responses of the tawny mole cricket, S. vicinus Scudder. In addition to the formulated product of this strain, the two separate components of that product (conidia and carrier) and bifenthrin, an insecticide commonly used to control mole crickets, were tested. There were no differences in mole cricket behavior between treatments in this study. The differences in behavioral responses between the two species could suggest a more sensitive chemosensory recognition system for southern mole crickets.
Ontogeny of the H19 gene in sheep and effect of maternal fasting on its expression in the fetus.

Mapped on the same chromosome as the Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF-II), an important factor regulating fetal growth, the H19 gene, is believed to play a role during embryogenesis and to share similar regulatory elements with IGF-II possibly by an enhancer competition system. This study was designed to characterize the ontogeny of H19 in sheep and the effect of maternal fasting on the expression of fetal IGF-II and H19 mRNA. A partial cDNA clone for the ovine H19 gene was isolated and used as a probe for RNase protection analysis. The ontogeny of H19 in liver, skeletal muscle and heart of ovine fetuses at 62, 100 and 130 days, lambs at 1 month and adult sheep revealed high tissue levels of H19 mRNA during fetal life that decreased significantly after birth. Maternal fasting significantly decreased fetal liver H19 mRNA expression but did not alter fetal IGF-II mRNA expression. These results suggest that H19, like IGF-II, may play an important role in the regulation of fetal growth and define an environ...
Trends in Water- and Foodborne Disease Outbreaks in Korea, 2007–2009

Objectives In Korea, every outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in two or more patients who are epidemiologically related is investigated by local public health centres to determine causative agents and control the outbreak with the support of the Korean Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The findings and conclusions of each outbreak investigation have been summarized annually since 2007 to make reports and statistics of water- and foodborne disease outbreaks.
Exploring Relationships of Human-Automation Interaction Consequences on Pilots: Uncovering Subsystems

The authors attempted to understand the latent structure underlying the systems pilots use to operate in situations involving human-automation interaction (HAI). Human-automation interaction is an important characteristic of many modern work situations. Of course, the cognitive subsystems are not immediately apparent by observing a functioning system, but correlations between variables may reveal important relations. The current report examined pilot judgments of 11 HAI dimensions (e.g., Workload, Task Management, Stress/Nervousness, Monitoring Automation, and Cross-Checking Automation) across 48 scenarios that required airline pilots to interact with automation on the flight deck. The authors found three major clusters of the dimensions identifying subsystems on the flight deck: a workload subsystem, a management subsystem, and an awareness subsystem. Relationships characterized by simple correlations cohered in ways that suggested underlying subsystems consistent with those that had previously been theorized. Understanding the relationship among dimensions affecting HAI is an important aspect in determining how a new piece of automation designed to affect one dimension will affect other dimensions as well.
Solute effects on the helix-coil transition

We discuss the effects of the solvent composition on the helix-coil transition of a polypeptide chain. We use a simple model to demonstrate that improving the hydrogen-bonding ability of the solvent can make the transition less cooperative, without affecting the transition temperature. This effect is very different from other solvent effects which primarily influence the melting transition rather than the cooperativity.
Dissociative Amnesia or Malingered Amnesia? A Case Report

ABSTRACTDissociative amnesia is a rare and perplexing psychiatric disorder with purported “functional” or neurological origins—or is it simply malingering? We report a Jane Doe who was admitted to a psychiatric hospital and treated for dissociative amnesia or fugue with group therapies and psychotropic medication for six months. She was referred for neuropsychological assessment to evaluate memory loss for her past and her identity. The Test of Memory Malingering and the Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology suggested feigned memory deficits. The hospital eventually learned Jane Doe’s identity. She was wanted for a crime in another state, but also had a psychiatric history with several hospitalizations. When confronted, she admitted her deception. This case illustrates the importance of using formal testing and consulting the scientific literature on memory for discerning true versus feigned memory deficits. This case also points out that mentally ill defendants can malinger other disorders. W...
The Role Of Hospital Board Composition in an Electronic Health Records Implementation

Scholars and practitioners devoted considerable attention to hospital governance in the late 1990s, but far more research is needed. We know little about how boards actually work and how their beha...
Analysis of Cavity Passive Flow Control using High Speed Shadowgraph Images

An examination of a rectangular cavity with an L/D of 5.67 was tested at Mach 0.7 with a corresponding Reynolds number of 2x10 6 /ft. High speed shadowgraph movies were simultaneously sampled with dynamic pressure sensors at 75 kHz. Fourier analysis was performed on the high speed movies as well as the dynamic pressure data, which resulted in determining the locations of dominant cavity frequencies in the flow field. Five passive flow control devices were tested, three of which have historically preformed well, while two neither reduced the main acoustic tones nor reduced the broadband levels. From the high speed shadowgraph movies, observations are made in the changes in the cavity flow physics when the passive flow control devices are used, and will be discussed.
Mardia's coefficient of kurtosis in elliptical populations

Mardia (1970) defined a measure of multivariate kurtosis and derived its asymptotic distribution for samples from a multivariate normal population. Some new results on elliptical distributions are used to extend Mardia's results to samples from an elliptical distribution. These results provide a method for testing hypotheses on the kurtosis parameter of elliptical distributions. An appendix provides extensions of Kendall and Stuart's (1977) standard errors of bivariate moments to the third and fourth order.
Thermoelastic strain in a half-space covered by unconsolidated material

An algorithm to predict crustal thermoelastic strain from observed local atmospheric temperature is given and applied to a 24-month crustal strain record of one test strainmeter site located near Bouquet Reservoir in southern California. We use a crustal model that consists of an elastically decoupled layer overlying a uniform elastic half-space, and a thermal source that is given by a stationary temperature wave whose wavelength is related to local topography and/or lateral material heterogeneity. The decoupled layer delays, attenuates, and low-pass filters the source temperature field. The thermoelastic strain in the underlying half-space, resulting from the temperature variations at the base of the decoupled layer, is calculated using the Berger (1975) solution for thermoelastic strain in a uniform half-space. Applying our model to the test data, we obtain a good fit between predicted and observed strains if we filter the surface thermal signal through a 63-cm-thick decoupled layer. Much of the remaining strain variations clearly correspond to other environmental sources (reservoir loading and rainfall). Our analysis suggests that the horizontal thermoelastic strain is inversely proportional to the wavelength of local topography and/or lateral material heterogeneity. Thus, the horizontal thermoelastic strain will be greater in areas of local topography and/or lateral material heterogeneity and smaller in more homogeneous and flat areas. An upper layer of loose material, natural or artificial, acts as a thermoelastic strain insulator. Burial of strainmeters in places where such a layer exists can reduce the thermoelastic strain noise considerably even for shallow strainmeter emplacements.
Target track initiation in difficult scenarios using probability-1 homotopy methods and cubature integration

Probability-1 homotopy algorithms are seldom taught in standard numerical analysis classes, and, with a few exceptions, their utility in target track initiation has been largely over-looked. This paper demonstrates how such methods can be used for unbiased measurement conversion and initial target-state estimation in difficult scenarios involving non-simultaneous measurements when combined with cubature integration techniques. Scenarios considered are range-only and time-delay-of-arrival-only measurements as well as surface-wave time-delay-of-arrival-only measurements.
Impact of Alcohol Abuse and Dependence on the Structure and Function of the Prefrontal Cortex

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a brain region that modulates higher-order (executive) cognitive process. The functional organization of the neural networks of the PFC has increasingly been implicated as being disrupted by alcohol abuse. It appears that deficits in the executive function of the PFC may relate, at least in part, to the alterations in synchronous organization of both localized and globally distributed cell assemblies into a functional integrated network. It is therefore not surprising that many of the behaviors that depend upon optimal activity of the PFC are also impacted by alcohol dependence and abuse. Additional evidence has also suggested a negative interaction of stress and chronic alcohol on PFC function and associated behaviors. Finally, the adolescent PFC appears to be especially vulnerable to alcohol abuse that can result in alterations in the developmentally regulated synaptic refinement and maturation of executive functions.
Increased body weight affects academic performance in university students

For K-12 students, obesity has been linked to student educational achievements. The study objective was to determine whether academic performance in university students is correlated with BMI. Students from two consecutive academic years (Jan-May 2013 and Jan-May 2014) were given an optional class survey in May, as extra credit. Of the 452 students that completed the survey, 204 females and 75 males (N = 279; 73% female and 27% male) consented to participate in the study. The number of correct answers to problem-solving questions (PSQs) and the overall final grade for the class were compared to the calculated BMI using linear regression with a Pearson's R correlation and unpaired t-tests. BMI was significantly negatively correlated with student's final grades (P = 0.001 Pearson's r = - 0.190) and PSQs were positively correlated with final grades (P < 0.001; Pearson's r = 0.357). Our findings show a correlation between healthy body weight and improved academic performance. Further, the data suggest that future research in the area of body weight, diet, and exercise and any correlations of these with academic performance in college students are warranted.
Green Neutrophilic Inclusions and Acute Hepatic Failure: Clinical Significance and Brief Review of the Literature

Medical literature has documented an association between acute hepatic failure and coarse, bright-green neutrophilic inclusions. Upon identification of these unique inclusions patients have been reported to have poor outcomes and usually die within 24-72 hours. The exact nature of these inclusions has yet to be determined; it is postulated that they arise from lipofusion-like substance. Here, we describe five cases of acute hepatic failure, with associated bright-green neutrophilic inclusions, where four patients survived beyond the ominous 72-hour window period.
Evaluating challenges for improving medically unexplained symptoms in US military veterans via provider communication

Abstract Objectives Medically unexplained symptoms (MUS) are common, with particularly high rates observed in military veterans. Effective patient-provider-communication is thought to be a key aspect of care; however there have been few empirical studies on the association between communication and outcomes for patients with MUS. We evaluate whether discussing veterans’ MUS-illness representations and good interpersonal skills have the potential to promote MUS-treatment adherence and improvement. Methods Veterans experiencing MUS (n = 204) reported on their primary care providers’ communication about illness representations and interpersonal skills; correlation, regression, and bootstrap-mediation analyses were conducted to test hypotheses regarding veteran-reported outcomes. Main outcomes included satisfaction with the provider, MUS-treatment adherence, intentions to adhere, and expectations for MUS improvement. Results Veterans reported infrequent discussion of MUS illness representations but high degrees of provider interpersonal skills. Communication regarding patients’ illness representations and treatment expectations was significantly related to treatment adherence and adherence intentions; provider interpersonal skills were not. Both were related to veteran satisfaction. Conclusions and practice implications Providers’ interpersonal skills may be important in chronic illness contexts, such as MUS, by contributing to satisfaction with the provider. The current study suggests that providers may better promote MUS-treatment adherence through discussing MUS illness representations and treatment expectations.
A novel 2D position sensitive silicon detector with micron resolution for heavy ion tracking

A new 2D position sensitive silicon detector for tracking of energetic heavy ions is under development in a program to study the radiation effect within a single human cell. The detector is based on a concept of interleaved pixel electrodes arranged in a projective 2D strip readout (stripixel). A fine position resolution in the sub-micron range can be achieved by determining the centroid of the charge collected on pixel electrodes with a granularity in the range of 10 /spl mu/m. Beam test results with 1 GeV/n Fe ions have demonstrated an rms position resolution of about 0.5 micron with a 30 /spl mu/m pixel pitch.
Regenerating optic pathways from the eye to the brain

Humans are highly visual. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the neurons that connect the eyes to the brain, fail to regenerate after damage, eventually leading to blindness. Here, we review research on regeneration and repair of the optic system. Intrinsic developmental growth programs can be reactivated in RGCs, neural activity can enhance RGC regeneration, and functional reformation of eye-to-brain connections is possible, even in the adult brain. Transplantation and gene therapy may serve to replace or resurrect dead or injured retinal neurons. Retinal prosthetics that can restore vision in animal models may too have practical power in the clinical setting. Functional restoration of sight in certain forms of blindness is likely to occur in human patients in the near future.
U.S. DOE Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership Initiative: New Insights and Lessons Learned

Abstract The U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Regional Carbon Sequestration Partnership (RCSP) Initiative was launched in 2003 to advance development and testing of effective carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage technologies across the United States. DOE's National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL) has worked closely with technical experts from the RCSPs to incorporate new findings and lessons learned from the RCSP Development Phase projects into the 2016 Revised Editions of a series of Best Practice Manuals (BPMs) on major topics associated with project implementation. The five 2016 Revised Edition BPMs cover the following topics: Site Screening, Site Selection, and Site Characterization for Geologic Storage Projects; Public Outreach and Education for Geologic Storage Projects; Risk Management and Simulation for Geologic Storage Projects; Monitoring, Verification, and Accounting (MVA) for Geologic Storage Projects; and Operations for Geologic Storage Projects. Taken separately, each topical BPM serves as a practical, stand-alone guide for conducting specific project activities. Taken together, the five BPMs are interrelated and should provide comprehensive and interdisciplinary strategies for conducting successful geologic storage projects from inception to completion.
Omics Biomarkers in Risk Assessment: A Bioinformatics Perspective

Current advances in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics are widely anticipated to translate in the future to a constellation of benefits in human health. However, few biomarkers for risk assessment using “omics” technologies have been reported in the last decade. Nevertheless, the potential application for omics technologies is tremendous. The use of biomarker-based monitoring approaches as a tool for environmental risk assessment is often critically limited by a lack of integrated bioinformatics approaches, statistical analyses, and predictive models. In this chapter we discuss the key steps for omics biomarker discovery and also present the use of the decision forest (DF) classification method as an example with specific application to microarray gene expression data, proteomics, and SNP genotypic data. An integrated bioinformatics approach with the correct choice of samples, omics technologies, and statistical techniques will allow the development of powerful new biomarkers for safety assessment.
Chemosensory Avoidance of Predators by Red-Backed Salamanders, Plethodon Cinereus

Amphibians are vulnerable to predation and show diverse predator defenses. We hypothesized that the common red-backed salamander should try to evade two common terrestrial predators, the garter snake and the spotted salamander, by avoiding locations containing their scent. When given a choice of clean substrates or those soiled by these predators, the red-backed salamander avoided the soiled substrates. To test whether they avoided the waste products and not the predator scent, we gave test subjects a choice between substrates soiled by predators and those soiled by red-backed salamanders. Salamanders prefered conspecific substrates to predator substrates, and in combination with other findings, our data show that red-backed salamanders probably reduce the likelihood of predation by avoiding locations with the chemical traces of predators.
Tracing the origin and evolution of supergene mimicry in butterflies

Supergene mimicry is a striking phenomenon but we know little about the evolution of this trait in any species. Here, by studying genomes of butterflies from a recent radiation in which supergene mimicry has been isolated to the gene doublesex, we show that sexually dimorphic mimicry and female-limited polymorphism are evolutionarily related as a result of ancient balancing selection combined with independent origins of similar morphs in different lineages and secondary loss of polymorphism in other lineages. Evolutionary loss of polymorphism appears to have resulted from an interaction between natural selection and genetic drift. Furthermore, molecular evolution of the supergene is dominated not by adaptive protein evolution or balancing selection, but by extensive hitchhiking of linked variants on the mimetic dsx haplotype that occurred at the origin of mimicry. Our results suggest that chance events have played important and possibly opposing roles throughout the history of this classic example of adaptation.
Molecular Pathology and Cytogenetics of Endometrial Carcinoma, Carcinosarcoma, and Uterine Sarcomas

Molecular pathology and genetics are the subjects of increasing focus since they are providing a link between etiologic factors and the heterogeneity of clinicopathologic manifestations that have been covered in the preceding chapters. In endometrial cancer, two divergent pathways have been delineated that may be thought as analogous to the hormone-dependent and -independent subtypes in cancers of breast and prostate. Most hormone dependent EC are EEC, which from a molecular point of view can be classified into different subgroups: (a) ultramutated, due to POLE mutations; (b) hypermutated tumors with MSI, most frequently due to MLH1 promoter, but also seen in Lynch syndrome; and (c) MSS EC with low mutation rate, the most frequent subgroup of EEC. Hormone-independent tumors are represented by serous carcinomas, characterized by a high rate of mutations in p53 that produce genomic instability with extensive somatic copy number alterations. Knowledge on alterations in sarcomas will hopefully lead to advances in diagnosis and therapy that are urgently needed in women where spread beyond the uterus has occurred.