cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compressive Force Location Estimation with SuRE Method for Additively Manufactured Parts

Abstract Electromechanical Impedance (EMI) approach is a widely used Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) method. The EMI of a piezoelectric disk is monitored with an impedance analyzer or impedance measurement chip. In addition to the cracks, EMI may monitor compressive forces and may be used for detection of loose bolts. Surface Response to Excitation (SuRE) method is a low-cost alternative to the EMI method. The SuRE method uses one piezoelectric disk for excitation and a sensor to monitor the surface wave propagation. Digitization and Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of the signal of the sensor, such as another piezoelectric disk, is satisfactory to monitor the characteristics of the system. The important weakness of both approaches is not being able to estimate the location of the defect at their minimal configuration. Recently, Additive Manufacturing (AM) has been used for the manufacturing of parts for various reasons. The layer by layer part building techniques of the AM methods allow for the hiding of geometric features behind the part’s exposed skin. Use of the hidden features of the additively manufactured parts is proposed in the paper to help the SuRE method for estimation of the location of defects. Experimental studies verified the validity of the proposed approach. In addition, the EMI methods may benefit from this same approach.
The role of human serum and solution chemistry in fibrinogen peptide-nanoparticle interactions

In living systems, the biomolecules that coat nanoparticles (NPs) alter the NP biological identity and response. Although some biomolecules are more effective in mediating NP stability or biological fate, it is difficult to monitor an individual biomolecule within the complexity of the biota. To understand the dependence of protein-NP interactions on common variations in blood, we have evaluated binding between silica NPs and a model gamma-fibrinogen (GF) peptide. Fibrinogen is commonly identified within the protein corona fingerprint of human serum, but its abundance on the NP varies. To assess the relative importance of human serum and solution conditions, GF peptide and silica NP interactions were evaluated with and without serum across pH, NaCl concentrations, and glucose concentrations. Initial evaluation of the GF peptide and silica NP complexes using circular dichroism and dynamic light scattering show little change in the secondary structure of the peptide and no significant agglomeration of NPs, suggesting peptide-NP complexes are stable across study conditions. Fluorescence anisotropy was used to monitor GF peptide-NP binding. Both with and without serum, binding constants for the gamma-fibrinogen peptide vary significantly upon addition of diluted HS (1:500) and 29 mM sodium chloride. Yet, results indicated that gamma-fibrinogen binding interactions with silica NPs are comparatively insensitive to physiologically relevant pH changes and dramatic increases in glucose concentrations. Results highlight the importance of blood chemistries, which vary across individuals and disease states, in mediating protein corona formation.
Real Shock, Monetary Aftershock: The 1906 San Francisco Earthquake and the Panic of 1907

Economists have long studied the relationship between the real and monetary sectors. We trace out the effects of an exogenous real shock, the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. The quake's impact manifested itself in international gold flows, as British insurance companies paid their San Francisco claims out of home funds in the fall of 1906. The capital outflow threatened the fixed sterling-dollar exchange rate, leading the Bank of England to raise interest rates and discriminate against American finance bills. The resulting contraction pushed the United States into recession, setting the stage for the 1907 Panic and the founding of the Fed.
GeoBoost2: a natural languageprocessing pipeline for GenBank metadata enrichment for virus phylogeography.

Summary We present GeoBoost2, a natural language-processing pipeline for extracting the location of infected hosts for enriching metadata in nucleotide sequences repositories like National Center of Biotechnology Information's GenBank for downstream analysis including phylogeography and genomic epidemiology. The increasing number of pathogen sequences requires complementary information extraction methods for focused research, including surveillance within countries and between borders. In this article, we describe the enhancements from our earlier release including improvement in end-to-end extraction performance and speed, availability of a fully functional web-interface and state-of-the-art methods for location extraction using deep learning. Availability and implementation Application is freely available on the web at https://zodo.asu.edu/geoboost2. Source code, usage examples and annotated data for GeoBoost2 is freely available at https://github.com/ZooPhy/geoboost2. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Validating measures of emotional abuse with behavioral observations during interpersonal conflict

Emotional abuse is a form of intimate partner violence that can have detrimental effects on both individual well-being and relationship outcomes. However, differences in definitions and forms of em...
Targeting Macrophages as a Therapeutic Option in Coronavirus Disease 2019

Immune cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage are characterized by their diversity, plasticity, and variety of functions. Among them, macrophages play a central role in antiviral responses, tissue repair, and fibrosis. Macrophages can be reprogrammed by environmental cues, thus changing their phenotype during an antiviral immune response as the viral infection progresses. While M1-like macrophages are essential for the initial inflammatory responses, M2-like macrophages are critical for tissue repair after pathogen clearance. Numerous reports have evaluated the detrimental effects that coronaviruses, e.g., HCoV-229E, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have on the antiviral immune response and macrophage functions. In this review, we have addressed the breadth of macrophage phenotypes during the antiviral response and provided an overview of macrophage-coronavirus interactions. We also discussed therapeutic approaches to target macrophage-induced complications, currently under evaluation in clinical trials for coronavirus disease 2019 patients. Additionally, we have proposed alternative approaches that target macrophage recruitment, interferon signaling, cytokine storm, pulmonary fibrosis, and hypercoagulability.
On the alignment of teachers’ mathematical content knowledge assessments with the common core state standards

Instruments designed to measure teachers’ knowledge for teaching mathematics have been widely used to evaluate the impact of professional development and to investigate the role of teachers’ knowledge in teaching and student learning. These instruments assess a mixture of content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge. However, little attention has been given to the content alignment between such instruments and curricular standards, particularly in regard to how content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge items are distributed across mathematical topics. This article provides content maps for two widely used teacher assessment instruments in the USA relative to the widely adopted Common Core State Standards. This common reference enables comparisons of content alignment both between the instruments and between parallel forms within each instrument. The findings indicate that only a small number of items on both instruments are designed to capture teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and that the majority of these items are focused on curricular topics in the later grades rather than in the early grades. Furthermore, some forms designed for use as pre- and post-assessment of professional development or teacher education are not parallel in terms of curricular topics, so estimates of teachers’ knowledge growth based on these forms may not mean what users assume. The implications of these findings for teacher educators and researchers who use teacher knowledge instruments are discussed.
Change in HER2 status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with trastuzumab and pertuzumab (HP) in patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer.

e12614Background: Combination of HP with NAC in the neoadjuvant setting leads to an high rate of pathological complete response (pCR) in patients with stage II-III HER2+ breast cancer (BC). The rat...
Molecular Mechanisms of Steroid Hormone Action in the Uterus

As in other organs of the female reproductive tract, the growth and function of uterine tissues are controlled by endocrine factors, primarily the steroid sex hormones secreted by the ovary (and, during pregnancy, the placenta). The initial development of the uterus during puberty and its maintenance in a mature state are principally dependent on the estrogenic hormone estradiol, produced by the ripening ovarian follicle during the follicular phase of the menstrual or estrous cycle. The further proliferation of the uterine endometrium in preparation for the implantation of a fertilized ovum is brought about during the luteal phase by the action of progesterone, originating in the corpus luteum derived from the ruptured follicle after ovulation.
Responsible conduct of research, globalization and academic psychiatry

Among the challenges facing academic psychiatry in Asia, and in low and middle income countries, is training future psychiatrist-investigators in the responsible conduct of research. We describe efforts to achieve a global consensus on the elements of research integrity training, the 2010 Singapore Statement, as well as best practices we have identified in developing research ethics education networks in Latin America. The Singapore Statement is a first pass at consensus guidelines; some local articulation may be possible, even desirable. Research integrity must be part of the research training for all future investigators. Building research capacity includes research integrity capacity. Moreover, as research is collaborative, research integrity cannot be idiosyncratic.
The End of Men or the Rebirth of Class? How Hanna Rosin Leaves Out the 1% & Family Law Fails the Other 99%

This article argues that much of what has been described as “the end of men” is in fact the recreation of class. Greater inequality among men and among women has resurrected class differences and changed the way men and women relate to each other and channel resources to their children. While women have in fact gained ground in the workplace and acquired greater ability to live, work, play and raise children without men, a mere relative move towards sex equality only masks the more fundamental changes occurring in American society and the continuing existence of patriarchy.First, the improved freedom women enjoy does not translate into greater power at the top. Greater societal inequality has instead offset these changes by increasing elite male dominance, marginalizing women in the in the executive ranks and the most prestigious professional circles, and ceding political power to a conservative elite that has removed women’s issues from the public agenda. At the height of the era that supposedly marks the “end of men,” the gendered wage gap has been increasing for college graduates even as it declines for everyone else. In a winner-takes-most world, the disproportionate rewards go to the alpha dogs who remain overwhelmingly male. Second, the genuine decline of working class men does not necessarily benefit women. Instead, it means that an increasing number of women in middle American have little choice but to raise families on their own as the men in their lives become less reliable. As society become more unequal, it writes off a greater percentage of men to imprisonment, chronic unemployment, substance abuse and mental instability. The women left with low-paying but stable jobs at Walmart or Burger King have trouble finding partners who can either contribute enough to make the relationship worthwhile or who will assist the new female breadwinner who both brings home the bacon and cooks it. These women have independence but neither power nor help at home.In short, over the past several decades, men have lost ground everywhere but the top, increasing male inequality; and, while women have gained in the middle and the bottom, they are not equal – anywhere – because men retain “structural power” over women. Accordingly, we conclude that for the end of men to be a meaningful concept that describes a more egalitarian society, we must decrease economic inequality: the result would translate greater power for women into a better deal for men and greater investment in all children.
Kotz‐Type Distribution

The Kotz-type distribution and some of its properties are discussed. Keywords: kotz-type distribution; multivariate normal distribution
Interplanetary Control of Magnetospheric Dynamics

Data from the interplanetary space, the magnetosphere at the geostationary orbit, and the auroral zone have been correlated for comprehensive understanding of the solar wind-magnetospheric interaction and occurrence of magnetospheric substorms. There is evidence to show that plasma convection toward the Earth accompanies substorm activities. Properties of the convection speed and thickness of the inner edge and the phase relation between convection and substorms are derived. On several occasions, simultaneous data in the interplanetary space show that such convection is directly controlled by the interplanetary space electric field. The response of the magnetospheric convection to changes of the interplanetary space electric field is prompt, suggesting that the interplanetary space electric field has direct access to the magnetosphere. This observation also suggests that the conductivity of the magnetopause in the cross-tail direction is finite. Preliminary data analysis indicates a phase lag of the convection with respect to electric field changes. Such effects could arise from polarization drift of the magnetospheric plasma particles associated with dE/dt.
Field-Theoretic Simulations

The science and engineering of materials is entering a new era of so-called “designer materials”, wherein, based upon the properties required for a particular application, a material is designed by exploiting the self-assembly of appropriately chosen molecular constituents [1]. The desirable and marketable properties of such materials, which include plastic alloys, block and graft copolymers, and polyelectrolyte solutions, complexes, and gels, depend critically on the ability to control and manipulate morphology by adjusting a combination of molecular and macroscopic variables. For example, styrenebutadiene block copolymers can be devised that serve either as rigid, tough, transparent thermoplastics or as soft, flexible, thermoplastic elastomers, by appropriate control of copolymer architecture and styrene/butadiene ratio. In this case, the property profiles are intimately connected to the extent and type of nanoscale self-assembly that is established within the material. One of the main challenges confronting the successful design of nano-structured polymers is the development of a basic understanding of the relationship between the molecular details of the polymer formulation and the morphology that is achieved. Unfortunately, such relationships are still mainly determined by trial and error experimentation. A purely experimental-based program in pursuit of this objective proves cumbersome — primarily, due to the broad parameter space accessible at the time of synthesis and formulation. Consequently, there is a significant motivation for the development of computational tools that can enable a rational exploration of the parameter space.
ARTHROGRAPHY FOR REDUCTION OF A FRACTURE OF THE RADIAL NECK IN A CHILD WITH A NON-OSSIFIED RADIAL EPIPHYSIS

A fracture of the neck of the radius when the head is not ossified can be difficult to assess and treat. In a four-year-old child we suspected from the radiographs that there was an O'Brien type-III injury after trauma. Partial manual reduction of the non-ossified radial head was completed using the Metaizeau technique of intramedullary Kirschner (K-) wiring aided by intraoperative arthrography. The child had a full range of movement at the elbow and wrist when reviewed 11 weeks after the injury, three weeks after removal of the K-wire. We suggest that intraoperative arthrography is a useful complement to the Metaizeau technique for successful reduction of fractures of the radial neck in the presence of a non-ossified radial head.
Maximum a-posteriori estimation of sub-sample timing with binary modulation, arbitrary pulse shaping, and AWGN

The maximum a-posteriori estimator for discrete-time sub-sample timing recovery is derived for non-return to zero pulse-shaped base-band waveforms and the additive white Gaussian noise channel. With a training sequence the estimator may be modeled as an M-ary waveform receiver. The performance of the estimator is determined through Monte-Carlo simulation for an example pulse shape for both random pulses and with the simplifying case when a training sequence is used. These results are compared with the union bound for M-ary waveform communications; at high post-integration signal-to-noise ratios the performance of the estimator and the union bound are close for the case of random pulses (data) and approximately equal in the case of a training sequence.
Multimodal Modeling, Analysis, and Validation of Open Source Software Development Processes

Understanding the context, structure, activities, and content of software development processes found in practice has been and remains a challenging problem. In the world of free/open source software development (F/OSSD), discovering and understanding what processes are used in particular projects is important in determining how they are similar to or different from those advocated by the software engineering community. Prior studies have revealed that development processes in F/OSSD projects are different in a number of ways. In this article, we describe how a variety of modeling perspectives and techniques are used to elicit, analyze, and validate software development processes found in F/OSSD projects, with examples drawn from studies of the software requirements process found in the NetBeans.org project.
The Social Origins of the Cuban Enclave Economy of Miami

Recent field work on the origins of the Cuban ethnic economy in South Florida is reviewed in the context of competing theories of minority entrepreneurship. Sociological theories that emphasize contextual characteristics internal to the group itself appear to fit best the empirical evidence. They do not clarify, however, the dynamic aspects of the process—that is, the actual steps through which individual and family business goals become implemented. A typology of minority enterprise on the basis of background characteristics of its founders is developed. Implications of the Miami experience for theory and policies aimed at promoting self-employment among minorities are discussed.
Microwave conductivities of the organic conductors TTF-TCNQ and ATTF-TCNQ

Abstract The complex microwave conductivities of the organic salts TTF-TCNQ and ATTF-TCNQ show a metal-to-insulator transition near 60 K and distinguish these materials from the class of disordered one-dimensional conductors. The data show no evidence for the high-temperature superconducting fluctuations recently proposed by Heeger and co-workers.
Complications of Intrathecal Therapy

Intrathecal therapy has been suggested as an advanced therapy for patients with cancer and noncancer pain after systemic medicines have failed. Pain management with intrathecal therapy has been shown to improve pain control and side effects over systemic analgesics alone. However, significant side effects and complications can occur with implantation and management of these devices. In addition to routine complications that occur with any surgical procedure, the pumps, catheters, and drugs infused in the pumps all carry their own complications. Spinal cord injury and nerve injury, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, and systemic and local infections can occur with the initial implantation of the pumps and catheter systems. Catheters can fracture, kink, and migrate resulting in immediate discontinuation of analgesia and precipitation of withdrawal. “Pump dumps” or release of large concentration of analgesics acutely could lead to overdose and death. Various drugs have been associated with the formation of granulomas, or inflammatory masses at the tip of the catheters. Centrally administered drugs can lead to numerous side effects. Conclusion. While intrathecal drug delivery systems are a very valuable tool in the pain physician's armamentarium, they do carry risks for complications that must be considered and identified by both implanting and managing physicians. A knowledge of these risks and complications, and how to avoid them, is a necessary part of the pain physician's practice.
Feminae ludentes nella commedia rinascimentale italiana: gli esempi di Calandria e Veniexiana

(2000). Feminae ludentes nella commedia rinascimentale italiana: gli esempi di Calandria e Veniexiana. Italian Culture: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 47-71.
Stoichiometric use of the transposase of bacteriophage Mu

The transposase of bacteriophage Mu (gene A protein) mediates the coupled replication and integration processes that constitute transposition during the lytic cycle. Our previous results showed that the activity of the A protein is unstable, as its continued synthesis is required to maintain Mu DNA replication throughout the lytic cycle. We present here the results of experiments in which the A protein is used stoichiometrically and must be synthesized de novo for each round of Mu DNA replication. Induction of a Mu lysogen in the absence of DNA replication allows accumulation of potential for a single round of Mu DNA replication. Once achieved, this potential is stable even in the absence of further protein synthesis. Release of inhibition of DNA replication leads to a single semi-conservative replicative transposition event, followed by later rounds only if additional synthesis of the A protein is allowed.
Arab Christian physicians as interreligious mediators: Abū Shākir as a model Christian expert

At least since the time of Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq (d. 873) Christian physicians have enjoyed prominent roles in Islamic governments. This article explores the Christian physician's role as mediator between the Christian and Islamic communities, paying special attention to the thirteenth-century Christian physician Muwaffaq al-Dīn Abū Shākir (d. 1216). Abū Shākir appears in the Coptic hagiographic Martyrdom of John of Phanijoit, which portrays him as a mediator trying to dissuade the hero John from seeking public conversion and martyrdom. This article views Abū Shākir in light of the extant sources, examining him as one instance of a Christian mediator whose expert scientific knowledge opens access between the Islamic and Christian religious communities. Abū Shākir's voice is shown to be circumscribed by the ethos of his profession and the expectations of the communities he serves, both Christian and Muslim.
Trace Metals in Fish and Sediments from Lake Boeuf, Southeastern Louisiana

The trace metals Cr, Cu, Pb, and Zn were measured in fish and sediment samples taken from Lake Boeuf, located in southeastern Louisiana. Lake Boeuf is a popular recreational fishing lake from which the following sunfish are caught and consumed: bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus); largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides); and black crappie (Poxomis nigromaculatus). Metals were extracted from the fish and sediment samples using microwave digestion techniques. The metal concentrations were quantified using standard flame atomic absorption spectroscopic methods. The concentrations of trace metals in fish did not vary significantly between species or weight of fish; however, a seasonal trend in metal concentration was observed. Concentrations of Cr varied from 2 to 15 μg/g, Cu from 0.2 to 4 μg/g, Pb from 0.5 to 9 μg/g, and Zn from 10 to 20 μg/g. Concentrations of the studied metals in the core samples did not vary with depth in the core, suggesting that no pollutant metals have been input to the lake.
The development of conceptual categories of attention during the elementary school years.

The purpose of this study was to explore the development of children's conceptual understanding of attention by focusing on their awareness of various subtypes of attention. Adults, fifth graders (mean age = 11.16 years), and third graders (9.16 years) participated in a Similarity Judgment task in which they rated the similarity of pairs of cognitive scenarios involving various attentional processes. These similarity judgments were submitted to an extended similarity tree analysis (EXTREE; J. E. Corter & A. Tversky, 1986) and the interpretations of the clusters and features that emerged were confirmed by participants in an Attribute Rating task. Three changes were found with increasing age: (1) Less emphasis was placed on the surface features of the scenarios, (2) more attentional subtypes were identified, and (3) more emphasis was placed on the role of effort in attention. We conclude that during elementary school and beyond children came to understand that intentional, effortful cognitive processes can mediate between the external world and our conscious experiences of it.
Evaluation of core compositions for use in breed and burn reactors and limited-separations fuel cycles

Abstract Previously developed methods for analyzing breed-and-burn (BB i.e., a fuel cycle with no chemical separation of actinides. The effects of different cooling times and removal of fission products using a melt refining process are evaluated. To minimize doubling time, sodium cooled compositions perform best because they are able to achieve core power densities several times larger than compositions using other coolants. A hypothetical sodium-cooled core composition with high uranium content metal fuel, a low volume fraction of steel structure, and a high peak power density was calculated to achieve reactor doubling times on the order of one decade in such a fuel cycle.
A novel use of endoscopic cutter: Endoscopic retrieval of a retained nasogastric tube following a robotically assisted laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch.

Context: A nasogastric tube is utilized routinely by many bariatric surgeons to assist creation of gastrojejunal anastomosis during roux-en-y gastric bypass or duodenojejunal anastomosis during biliopancreatic diversion. However, inadvertent stapling or suturing of the nasogastric tube has been known as a potential complication of this technique. Case Report: We describe a successful endoscopic removal of an inadvertently sutured nasogastric tube at the level of the duodenojejunal anastomosis in a 30-year-old woman undergoing a robotically assisted laparoscopic biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch for super morbid obesity. Conclusions: Endoscopic technique is a feasible and safe minimally invasive technique to release a retained nasogastric tube with preservation of the newly created anastomosis. This option gives major advantages of avoiding a re-operation, as well as the potential general anesthetic complications.
Strategic thinking in eye trauma management.

Abstract Treating patients with serious eye injuries is not only a difficult, but also occasionally frustrating process. Mastering the details of the management of individual tissue lesions allows one to "see the tree" but does not provide vision of the entire forest. To develop a comprehensive understanding that leads to strategic thinking before making actual reconstruction efforts, the surgeon should follow a fairly rigorous thought process to find the best possible management option for the particular injury (Fig. 1). His or her suggestion, as well as detailed information on other options, should be discussed with the patient, and the decision regarding how to proceed is best if it meets the approval of, and is supported by, the patient. Such an approach has the highest chance of rewarding the patient and the treating physician.
A Survey of African American Deans and Directors of U.S. Schools of Social Work.

Using survey methods, this study examines demographic and professional characteristics and experiences of participating African American deans and directors of schools of social work in the United States. An examination of deans and directors has implications for the future of social work education in terms of understanding their critical role as academic leaders. Furthermore, the focus on these academic leaders is important given the emphasis on diversity and a need for multiculturalism in social work education. Descriptive data were analyzed from a 55-item instrument and a sample of 16 survey respondents. Results indicate similarities and differences in personal and professional characteristics, experiences, and challenges of participating African American social work deans and directors relative to national samples. Implications for aspiring academic leaders are discussed.
Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists Albany, New York June 14-17, 1989

(1990). Association of Medical Laboratory Immunologists Albany, New York June 14-17, 1989. Journal of Asthma: Vol. 27, No. 1, pp. 57-61.
The Institutionalization of the Strategic Communication Function in the United States

This article seeks to explore how the strategic communication practice has been institutionalized in organizations in the United States. Before delving into the topic of institutionalization, it seeks to gain an understanding of the definition of strategic communication. After identifying the meaning of strategic communication, we delve into a literature review to ascertain the role of communication and its current state. We also identify and propose the key indicators, which form the basis of the discussion of institutionalization through the review of relevant literature. This is done by analyzing previous discussions on organizational functions such as purchasing, human resources and information technology. These key indicators are then tested in an empirical study involving communication professionals of over five hundred organizations in the United States. The data from the study is presented, followed by a discussion of its strategic implications. The findings are then used to discuss the current st...
A dichotic listening analysis of body weight concern in bulimia nervosa

According to DSM-III-R, bulimics are characterized by a persistent overconcern with body shape and weight. In the present experiment, we attempted to validate this new diagnostic criterion by using a dichotic listening procedure. More specifically, we examined whether DSM-III-R bulimics would exhibit enhanced perceptual and physiological sensitivity for material related to their concerns about body shape and weight (i.e., the target word FAT) than for neutral material (i.e., the target word PICK). Support for the validity of this criterion was obtained in that bulimics detected the target word FAT more often than the target word PICK when both were presented on the unattended channel. Additionally, bulimics tended to exhibit larger skin conductance responses to FAT than to PICK. These differences were not observed in normal controls.
Influences of Job Type, Job Status, and Gender on Achievement Motivation

This study explored two issues. First, the stereotype was explored that teachers are lower in intrinsic achievement motivation than those in other occupations; second, that job type, job status, and/or gender influence intrinsic achievement motivation. Job type was explored based on the stereotype of a high achievement motivation condition (banking) versus a low condition (teaching). Job status was examined as currently working versus retirement from the occupation. Gender referred to sex, male and female. Each of the eight cells of a 2x2x2 factorial design contained 15 subjects randomly drawn from population pools (N=264) screened for membership on specific age, years of employment, and years of retirement. Intrinsic achievement motivation was assessed by the four factors of the Helmreich and Spence (1974) Work and Family Orientation Questionnaire (WOFO). Data were analyzed for main and interaction effects using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). No support was found for the proposition that banking personnel are higher in motivation than teachers. On the second issue, gender and job status yielded statistically significant effects, suggesting that a person’s gender and whether he is working or retired both exert an influence upon his intrinsic achievement motivation.
Generalized linear minimum mean-square error estimation with application to space-object tracking

The linear minimum mean-square error (LMMSE) estimation has been shown to provide a good tradeoff between the computational requirement and estimation accuracy in nonlinear point estimation. However, the best estimator within the linear class may not be adequate to provide acceptable accuracy when dealing with a highly nonlinear problem. A generalized LMMSE (GLMMSE) estimation framework searches for the best estimator among all the estimators that are linear in a vector-valued function (namely, measurement transform function) of data. The measurement transform function may convert or augment the original measurement model. In this work, general guidelines for designing the GLMMSE estimator are discussed based on a numerical example. With a properly designed measurement transform function, GLMMSE estimation should perform no worse than LMMSE estimation if the moments involved can be computed exactly. We apply the GLMMSE estimation to a space-object tracking problem and its performance is compared with the conventional LMMSE estimator.
Dynamic Crack Propagation Prediction of Solder Joints under Impact Conditions

Failure predictive modeling based on cohesive constitutive relation is used to study the effect of solder-joint array geometry on the integrity of live solder joints. The dynamic overstress state and crack propagation of the interface between the solder and the pad results in complete interface separation. This failure mode is predominant under impact conditions and is captured accurately by a numerical model. Package-level drop tests were simulated and experimentally validated by a 4-point dynamic bend system.
Una Nota Sola: Giacinto Scelsi and the Genesis of Music on a Single Note

In the 1920s German anthroposophist Rudolf Steiner (1861–1925) and Franco-American composer Dane Rudhyar (1895–1985) each suggested that a single note might serve as ample material for musical composition. It was the Italian composer Giacinto Scelsi (1905–88), however, who realized the idea three decades later. Steiner's and Rudhyar's ideas exerted a strong influence on Scelsi and the formation of his monotonal style, which can be traced through his Piano Suites Nos. 8 and 9 (1952 and 1953), Triphon and Dithome for cello (1956 and 1957), and Quattro pezzi (ciascuno su una nota sola) for chamber orchestra (1959).
A DNA Polymerase α-Associated 56 kDa Protein Kinase

Abstract Initiation of chromosomal DNA replication must be carefully regulated during the cell cycle. We report that Drosophila embryo DNA polymerase α complex, isolated by immunological techniques, contains a protein kinase activity. The kinase will phosphorylate histone H1, but prefers peptides contained in the DNA polymerase α-kinase complex. Renaturation experiments determined that the kinase activity resides in a 56-kDa peptide.
Parotid Fluid Steroid Responses to ACTH in Surgically Confirmed Cases of Cushing's Syndrome1

The increase in 17-hydroxycorticosteroid (17-OH-CS) levels in parotid fluid after intramuscular injection of 40 U of ACTH was measured in 5 patients with Cushing's syndrome, later verified surgically. One hr after the injection the mean 17-OH-CS value had risen from 10.1 to 21.8 μg/100 ml and after 2 hr to 24.7 μg/100 ml. Previously published values in 206 apparently healthy subjects were 3.7, 7.5 and 8.4 μg/100 ml at 0, 1 and 2 hr. At neither 1 nor 2 hr after ACTH was there any overlap in parotid fluid 17-OH-CS levels between the healthy and diseased subjects.
Kinship and Property Rights in a Buddhist Monastery in Central Ceylon1

Celibate Theravada Buddhist monks at Malwatte Vihare in Kandy, Ceylon, form ordination lineages through a continuous succession of monk-teachers and their pupils. A statistical analysis shows a strong tendency for lineage heads to ordain relatives as pupils if they have temple property to transmit. The field data do not bear out claims of monks that the relationship is normally matrilateral. It is pointed out that informants translate expected behavior patterns between monks and their pupils into matrilateral kinship terms, but choose heirs to their properly strictly bilaterally. Some conclusions are drawn pertaining to Sinhalese kinship structure and the social organization of the Buddhist Sangha.
A test of constancy scaling theory in a modified Mueller-Lyer illusion

The center line of each of the two Mueller-Lyer figures was replaced by a rectangle whose length and width were both judged. The rectangle, bounded by wings positioned outward, was judged both longer and narrower than a standard rectangle of equal size, while the rectangle bounded by wings oriented inward was judged to be both shorter and wider than the standard rectangle. These results were considered to provide evidence against a constancy scaling explanation of geometric illusions. Other theories to account for the results were considered and found inadequate.
The Influence of Religious Fundamentalism, Right-Wing Authoritarianism, and Christian Orthodoxy on Explicit and Implicit Measures of Attitudes Toward Homosexuals

The goal of this study was to examine relations among dimensions of religiosity and explicit and implicit attitudes about homosexuals. Implicit attitudes were measured using the Implicit Association Test, an instrument that assesses attitudes about objects, persons, or groups, indirectly via participants' response times to words that are paired with symbols (e.g., “gay” and “straight” couples). Participants also completed explicit measures of religious fundamentalism, Christian orthodoxy, right-wing authoritarianism, and attitudes toward homosexuals. With respect to explicit attitudes, the results were consistent with previous research. Religious fundamentalism and right-wing authoritarianism predicted negative attitudes toward homosexuals, whereas Christian orthodoxy predicted more positive attitudes. In contrast, right-wing authoritarianism was the only significant predictor of implicit attitudes. People who scored high on a measure of right-wing authoritarianism had more negative explicit and implicit ...
Morphology of Saturn's aurora

Aurorally-excited emissions of atomic and molecular hydrogen come from a narrow circumpolar band near 80 deg north and south latitude on Saturn. The aurorae, which lie near the edge of the polar cap region, are continuously excited in both the north and south. If the strong variations observed in the auroral intensity are temporal, rather than longitudinal, they may be related to the periodic structure in the Saturn kilometric radiation.
RESULTS OF REPAIR OF TOTAL ANOMALOUS PULMONARY VENOUS CONNECTION IN INFANCY USING DEEP HYPOTHERMIC CIRCULATORY ARREST

In order to determine the results of repair of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) utilizing deep hypothermic circulatory arrest and to observe the hemodynamic changes following relief of pulmonary venous obstruction, we obtained early and/or late postoperative(postop)data on 13 of 15 infants who underwent correction in infancy. Seven had supracardiac drainago(SC), 4 had cardiac drainage(C)and in 4 tho drainage was infracardiac(IC). Additional lesions included PDA(8), VSD(1), hypoplastic LV(1). Pulmonary artery hypertennion(PAH)was present in 13. Median age was 27 days(1.5d-8mo)and mean body weight was 3.68Kg(2.22-5.25Kg)at surqery. Three infanta died(20%)within the initial hospitalization(2 SC, 1 IC) (there were 2 late deaths, 3 and 10 mo postop, both with IC. Combined mortality was 33%. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure(PAp)was measured within 24 hours postop in 6, all with SC or C, and had decreased from an average of 65 nmHg down to 30 ramHg. Among the 10 long-term survivors (moan 20mo poston)3 have not been restudied, but are well clinically. Six of the 7 infants restudied(average 15 mo postop)had normal PAp(avoraqe 22mmHg). One with IC had residual PAH and we suspect this infant has pulmonary vascular obstructive disease. None had residual shunts. We believe, on the basis of these observations, that physiological correction may be accomplished at an acceptable risk in Infants with TAPVC utilizing deep hypothermia circulatory arrest.
Quantum theory of dual relativistic parastring models

We paraquantize the classical massless relativistic-string action and find that the resulting theory is Poincar\'e-invariant in four space-time dimensions if we use para-Bose commutation relations of order 12. More generally, we find that if the dimension $D$ of the space-time and the order $q$ of parabosons are related by the expression $D=2+\frac{24}{q}$, then the quantized theory is Poincar\'e-invariant. We also construct a fermionic parastring model which is the analog of the Ramond-Neveu-Schwarz model and find that it is invariant in $D$ dimensions if $D=2+\frac{8}{q}$, both the fermions and the bosons being of order $q$. We show by explicit Klein transformations that these theories are equivalent to "color"-endowed canonically quantized strings with $\mathrm{SO}(q\ensuremath{-}1)$ "color" symmetry. We obtain dual tree amplitudes by suitable choice of vertices. Finally, we consider second-quantized parastring theories and show, by an explicit example, that they can be Poincar\'e-invariant in four space-time dimensions.
Neonatal muscle: an electron microscopic study.

A spaced serial section, electron microscopic study of the extensor digitorum longus of the 2-day-old rat was undertaken to determine whether all cells wedged between the basement membrane and the sarcolemma of a muscle fiber, regardless of their morphology, were true myosatellite cells. The muscle was relatively immature, containing groups of cells enclosed in a common basement membrane (clusters) and exhibiting primitive myoneural junctions. Cells of the muscle line included in the clusters were primary fibers, satellite fibers, myotubes in different stages of development and myosatellite cells. In single ultrathin sections, some early myotubes lacked myofilaments and were difficult to distinguish from myosatellite cells. Spaced serial sections revealed that all myosatellite cells have heterochromatic nuclei and a high nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and that all pale staining nuclei were found in cells with a lower nuclear/ cytoplasmic ratio, containing variable quantities of myofilaments. In addition to the cells of the muscle line, mast cells, fibroblast-like cells and other “unclassified” cells were entirely or partially enclosed within the cluster's basement membrane. This study demonstrated that location alone or location and the morphological appearance of cells in a single ultrathin section failed to provide sufficient criteria to properly classify all of the cells found in neonatal muscle clusters.
Losing Sight of Man: Percy and Tocqueville on the Fate of the Human Sciences

Abstract Social scientists rarely seem troubled by the ways their work evades the questions that animate people in everyday life. The terms of most social science inquiries into the causes of large-scale human behavior force scholars into a set of explanations that represent our motivations as essentially materialistic. At best, social science work provides its readers with a limited guidance for their actions; at worst, the nature of the inquiry itself leaves a vacuum where traditional belief once thrived. In this continual process of theorizing about society, something about humanity often disappears. In fairness, any theorizing about individuals—let alone the study of society—must greatly simplify lived experience. But the path social science took over the last century ruled out the idea of leaving man a workable theory that aided his self-understanding without reducing his life to a mere assortment of uncontrollable external causes. This essay argues that through a reading of Alexis de Tocqueville and...
Fire exclusion as a disturbance in the temperate forests of the USA : Examples from longleaf pine forests

Abstract Forest fires are a disturbance where the effects can range from benign to extreme devastation within a given ecosystem. The stage of stand development coupled with prior management dictates the amount and composition of potential fuels. Thus, fire policy exerts a strong influence on fire effects. Changes in cultural acceptance and use of fire typically drive fire policy. This linkage is perhaps exemplified by America's 300 year love/hate relationship with this powerful natural force. This article uses the four stages of stand development (stand initiation, stem exclusion, understory reinitiation and old-growth), as described by Oliver and Larson (1996), to present opportunities and constraints to fire use, and management options are suggested. Using a selective review of research in the USA that emphasizes the longleaf pine ecosystem in the south-east, the focus is on three themes presented from the viewpoint of a resource manager trying to attain a specific result. First, some high points in the...
Surface modification by a two-phase deposition of a surfactant

Abstract A new surface modification technique of hydrophobic polymers, which employs two immiscible liquids in contact, is developed. One of the liquids is water and contains a water soluble surfactant, while the other liquid is an organic compound which is selected so as to be a solvent for the polymer substrate. It is convenient for the organic phase to be more dense than water. The substrate is introduced for a short time in the organic phase. This softens its surface and allows the entanglement of the hydrocarbon chains of the surfactant molecules and of the surface molecules of the polymer substrate during the pulling out of the substrate through the water—organic solvent interface and water. The two-phase system provides an interface at which the surfactant molecules adsorb. This highly oriented surfactant layer increases the efficiency of the transfer of surfactant to the substrate. Two water-soluble surfactants (sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene (10) oleyl ether) were employed. The interfacial free energy between the PMMA and water was reduced by this surface modification procedure from 17.5 dyn/cm to as low as 1 dyn/cm. The surfactant molecules are strongly attached to the substrate, and do not detach even after 45 min of ultrasonic treatment. The high stability is ensured by the entanglement between the substrate surface molecular chains and the hydrophobic tails of the surfactant.
Myocardial Infarction in Young Women with Normal Coronary Arteriograms

Two women, ages 34 and 36 years, suffered an acute transmural anterior myocardial infarction accompanied by typical ECG and serum enzyme changes. At the time of selective cinecoronary arteriography 29 and 57 months later, however, neither had demonstrable narrowing of any coronary artery. Both have persistent ECG changes of an anterior infarct and markedly diminished contractions of a large segment of the anterior wall and apex on left ventriculogram. Neither before nor after infarction has either patient experienced angina pectoris. Both patients are premenopausal, and neither of them has diabetes, hypertension, obesity, valvular heart disease, a lipoprotein abnormality, or a family history of premature coronary arterial disease. Both smoke cigarettes. At the time of infarction one patient was taking an oral contraceptive and the other was 11-days postpartum. The pathogenesis of the myocardial infarcts in these patients is unknown. Embolization or in situ thrombosis of a previously normal anterior descen...