cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperbolic node embedding for temporal networks

Generating general-purpose vector representations of networks allows us to analyze them without the need for extensive feature-engineering. Recent works have shown that the hyperbolic space can naturally represent the structure of networks, and that embedding networks into hyperbolic space is extremely efficient, especially in low dimensions. However, the existing hyperbolic embedding methods apply to static networks and cannot capture the dynamic evolution of the nodes and edges of a temporal network. In this paper, we present an unsupervised framework that uses temporal random walks to obtain training samples with both temporal and structural information to learn hyperbolic embeddings from continuous-time dynamic networks. We also show how the framework extends to attributed and heterogeneous information networks. Through experiments on five publicly available real-world temporal datasets, we show the efficacy of our model in embedding temporal networks in low-dimensional hyperbolic space compared to several other unsupervised baselines. We show that our model obtains state-of-the-art performance in low dimensions, outperforming all baselines, and has competitive performance in higher dimensions, outperforming the baselines in three of the five datasets. Our results show that embedding temporal networks in hyperbolic space is extremely effective when necessitating low dimensions.
Reducing Ataxic Side Effects from Ventral Intermediate Nucleus of the Thalamus Deep Brain Stimulation Implantation in Essential Tremor: Potential Advantages of Directional Stimulation.

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to retrospectively evaluate the effect of directional deep brain stimulation (DBS) on ataxia in an essential tremor patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective chart review of documented Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) scores were analyzed using a case-control design. All subjects we evaluated were treated at a single, tertiary care academic center. We reviewed 14 patients who underwent bilateral ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (VIM) implantation with microelectrode recording, with electrodeposition and segmented contact orientation confirmed via postoperative computed tomography. The main outcome was to determine change in ataxia scores between directional versus monopolar circumferential stimulation. RESULTS Fourteen patients (9 males, median age at implantation 69 [range 63-82]) underwent surgery between October 2017 and July 2020 at the UNC Movement Disorders Center. SARA scores between directional stimulation and monopolar circumferential stimulation demonstrated a significant reduction in total scores with best possible segmented stimulation (n = 13, p < 0.0001, 95% confidence interval [CI] -3.496 to -6.789). This difference remained statistically significant even after removing the SARA tremor subscore (n = 13, p < 0.0001, 95% CI -3.155 to -6.274). In line with prior reports, SARA score changes from the preoperative state were generally worsened when applying monopolar circumferential stimulation bilaterally (n = 13, p = 0.655; 95% CI -2.836 to 4.359), but improved with directional stimulation (n = 13, p = 0.010; 95% CI -1.216 to -7.547). CONCLUSION This retrospective analysis appears to show evidence for improved outcomes through directional stimulation in bilateral VIM DBS implantation with reduction of ataxic side effects that have traditionally plagued postoperative results, all while providing optimized tremor reduction via stimulation.
Social cleavages, wartime experience, and ethnic cleansing in Europe:

What explains ethnic cleansing? Recent research has used systematic evidence to explore the causes of civilian victimization and mass killings. Yet, comparable studies that focus on ethnic cleansin...
Microbial Isolates a Potential Prophylactic for Preventing Foodborne Illness (LB356)

Bacteria of the genus Bacillus are a diverse group; several species within the genus are of interest due to their implications for public health and disease. For example, Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax while Bacillus cereus, a close genetic relative, and Bacillus pumilus are both species that have been implicated in food poisoning. Phage therapy has shown promise in many areas of public health including prevention of diseases associated with food poisoning. Recently the use of phage to prevent Listeria monocytogenes infection has been approved for use on deli meats. Therefore, the aim of this study was to isolate bacteriophages capable of infecting B. pumilus and B. cereus in order to be used as potential prophylactics for preventing food-related illness and or anthrax. A single phage capable of infecting B. pumilus was isolated from soil taken from the University of La Verne campus. Several more phage are currently being purified. Based on imaging and plaque morphology data the isol...
Security Implications of Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Sevices

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic services refer to genetic tests sold directly to consumers via the Internet, television, and other marketing venues without involving healthcare providers such as physicians, genetic counselors, and other healthcare professionals. Companies such as 23andMe and Navigenics offer genetic tests using genome-wide technology direct to consumers over the Internet. Genetic data collected by DTC companies provide an opportunity for future personalized medicine programs that will significantly improve patient outcomes and preventive care. While this may be a promising development, DTC genetic testing raises important security and privacy concerns. This paper aims to identify the most important security threats to consumers of DTC genetic testing services, and explain how to use security technologies and policies to mitigate the threats. In this paper, we first analyze a leading DTC company that demonstrates how security concerns might be intrinsic to contemporary DTC genetic testing services. We then present a threat model and identify the most important security threats to consumers of DTC genetic testing services. Furthermore, we outline security and privacy implications of using DTC genetic services and how DTC companies should elaborate upon them to protect genetic privacy.
Modulation of output from an isolated gastropod heart: Effects of acetylcholine and FMRFamide

In this study, two cardioactive drugs, acetylcholine (ACh) and the tetrapeptide FMRFamide, are perfused through the isolated systemic heart of the gastropod, Busycon canaliculatum. Their effect is examined in terms of the regulation of output, and is then related to the in vivo regulation of stroke volume. ACh decreases cardiac output by reducing both stroke volume and heart rate. End-diastolic volume and cardiac reserve increase with drug concentration. These effects are accompanied by a slowing in the rise time of the electromyogram prepotential and an increase in the duration of the plateau phase. Low concentrations of FMRFamide increase output by accelerating the heart rate. Stroke volume is only affected at higher concentrations (5×10?7 moll?1), and then negatively. Enddiastolic volume is reduced. Between 10?9 and 10?8 moll?1, FMRFamide increases the rise time of the prepotential and the amplitude of the plateau; the duration of the plateau is markedly shortened. At 5×10?7 moll?1 and above, the plateau is extended and the cardiac reserve is reduced to zero. The two drugs have opposite effects on the characteristics of the aortic pressure pulse: ACh reduces the amplitude of the pulse, but increases its duration.
Multiple redox-active chlorophylls in the secondary electron-transfer pathways of oxygen-evolving photosystem II.

Photosystem II (PS II) is unique among photosynthetic reaction centers in having secondary electron donors that compete with the primary electron donors for reduction of P680+. We have characterized the photooxidation and dark decay of the redox-active accessory chlorophylls (Chl) and β-carotenes (Car) in oxygen-evolving PS II core complexes by near-IR absorbance and EPR spectroscopies at cryogenic temperatures. In contrast to previous results for Mn-depleted PS II, multiple near-IR absorption bands are resolved in the light-minus-dark difference spectra of oxygen-evolving PS II core complexes including two fast-decaying bands at 793 and 814 nm and three slow-decaying bands at 810, 825, and 840 nm. We assign these bands to chlorophyll cation radicals (Chl+). The fast-decaying bands observed after illumination at 20 K could be generated again by reilluminating the sample. Quantization by EPR gives a yield of 0.85 radicals per PS II, and the yield of oxidized cytochrome b559 by optical difference spectrosco...
Social context of bullying: Do misperceptions of group norms influence children's responses to witnessed episodes?

This study explores the association between norm misperception and behavioral responses to witnessed bullying episodes. We hypothesized that pluralistic ignorance (PI) could explain individual differences in behavioral responses. According to PI theory, children who believe that victims deserve protection may inhibit defending behavior if they assume their attitudes are out of step with their peers. A total of 446 fourth and eighth graders described their personal attitudes and perceptions of peers’ attitudes about bullying, as well as their behavioral responses when they witnessed a bullying episode. Consistent with PI theory, children perceived their personal attitudes as more prosocial than those of their classmates. Further, misperception of group norms was associated with children's reports of behavioral responses to bullying; children who overestimated peers’ approval of bullying reported lower levels of defending the victim and higher levels of joining in. This material is based on work supported b...
PS2-55: VDW Data Sources: HealthPartners Research Foundation

Background The Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW) was created as a mechanism for producing comparable data across sites for purposes of proposing and conducting research. It is “virtual” in the sense that the data remain at the local sites; there is no multi-site physical database at a centralized data coordinating center. At the core of the VDW are a series of standardized file definitions. Content areas and data elements that are commonly required for research studies are identified, and data dictionaries are created for each of the content areas, specifying a common format for each of the elements—variable name, label, description, code values, and value labels. Local site programmers have mapped the data elements from their HMO’s data systems into this standardized set of variable definitions, names, and codes, as well as onto standardized SAS file formats. This common structure of the VDW files enables a SAS analyst at one site to write one program to extract and/or analyze data at all participating sites.
Sintering of submicron metallic particles

An approximate analytical solution to the complete sintering of submicron hemispheres under conditions relavant to the preparation of semi-continuous metallic films is derived. The sintering of two spheres controlled by surface diffusion with no grain boundary formation is broken into two distinct parts: sintering with no shrinkage followed by spheroidization. The time for each part is derived and it is found that the time for spheroidization is about 17 times larger than the time of neck growth. The results are generally in agreement with the treatment of some previous investigators. It is shown also that under normal deposition conditions the contribution of the deposition source can be neglected during a sintering event simplifying significantly the simulation.
Identification of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor as a Target of Cdc25A Protein Phosphatase

Cdc25A, a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, plays a critical role in cell cycle progression. Although cyclin-dependent kinases are established substrates, Cdc25A may also affect other proteins. We have shown here that Cdc25A interacts with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) both physically and functionally in Hep3B human hepatoma cells. Cdc25A inhibitor Cpd 5, a vitamin K analog, inhibited Cdc25A activity in the Cdc25A-EGFR immunocomplex and consequently caused prolonged EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation. Both purified GST-Cdc25A protein and endogenous Hep3B cellular Cdc25A dephosphorylated tyrosine-phosphorylated EGFR, and Cpd 5 antagonized the phosphatase activity of Cdc25A. A functional Cdc25A-EGFR interaction was seen in NR-6 fibroblasts expressing ectopic EGFR but not with a receptor lacking the C terminus or a mutated kinase domain. These data link the cell cycle control Cdc25A phosphatase to an EGFR-linked mitogenic signaling pathway specifically involving EGFR dephosphorylation.
Pharmacologic management of pain and symptoms in terminally ill cancer patients

This article suggests the use of specific medications for specific symptoms, with pain being the most difficult to control. The author describes an "analgesic ladder" that suggests specific drugs for heightened pain and anxiety. She also addresses problems such as gastrointestinal, respiratory, urinary, cutaneous, and central nervous symptoms and suggests drugs for relief.
Orbital compartment syndrome mimicking cerebral herniation in a 12-yr-old boy with severe traumatic asphyxia.

Objective To report a case of orbital compartment syndrome mimicking cerebral herniation in a boy with severe traumatic asphyxia. Design Case report. Setting A tertiary-care pediatric intensive care unit. Subject A 12-yr-old boy with traumatic asphyxia syndrome. Intervention Mechanical ventilation, chest tube drainage, nitric oxide, lateral canthotomies, intracranial pressure monitoring. Measurements and main results A patient is presented with severe traumatic asphyxia syndrome complicated by prolonged hypoxemia, massive capillary leak syndrome, and acute onset of pupillary dilation and loss of reactivity to light. Ophthalmologic examination confirmed bilateral orbital compartment syndrome, which was treated emergently with bilateral canthotomies at the bedside. The procedure was followed by prompt return of pupillary size and function and decrease in intraocular pressure. The patient experienced complete recovery of vision in the right eye, but vision in the left eye was severely impaired. Conclusions Our case report emphasizes the importance of considering orbital compartment syndrome in patients with traumatic asphyxia syndrome. Recognition of orbital compartment syndrome is important in this setting because prompt operative intervention may reduce the likelihood of permanent vision loss.
Modulation of mucosal and systemic immunity by enteric administration of nonreplicating herpes simplex virus expressing cytokines

In this report the ability of enteric immunization with recombinant replication deficient (ICP4-/-) HSV expressing IFN gamma to generate protection and modulate mucosal and systemic immunity was evaluated. ICP4-/-HSV, ICP4-/-HSV expressing IL4, live replicating, and uv HSV were used as controls. Following enteric administration of live HSV, a Th1 cytokine response was induced in the spleen, while both Th1 and notable Th2 cytokine production were detected at mucosal sites. Modulation of mucosal and systemic immune response was achieved when nonreplicating recombinant HSV viruses expressing cytokines were used. Compared to the control replication defective viruses, decreased frequency of Th2 cytokine producing cells in Peyer's patches was observed following enteric administration of nonreplicating HSV expressing IFN gamma. When IFN gamma expressing virus was given enterically, modulation was observed at the systemic level, measured by ELISPOT for cytokine producing cells, ELISA from the in vitro restimulated splenic cell cultures, and by the increase of the IgG2a/IgG1 ratio in the serum. This report provides evidence that replication defective viruses expressing cytokine genes in contrast to uv HSV, are immunogenic when administered enterically and can generate significant immunomodulatory effects at the mucosal and systemic levels.
Beneficial impact of peripheral blood progenitor cells in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with high‐dose chemotherapy plus granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor a randomized trial

BACKGROUND This study compared the efficacy of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) alone or in combination with peripheral blood-derived hematopoietic progenitor cells (PBP) as support for patients receiving high-dose chemotherapy and assessed the adequacy of these strategies as alternatives to autologous bone marrow rescue. METHODS The authors studied patients with metastatic breast carcinoma who had a major response to conventional chemotherapy or had achieved a complete remission by surgical resection of all known metastases. They were treated with carboplatin 1500 mg/m2, etoposide 1200 mg/m2, and cyclophosphamide 5.0 g/m2. Before this high-dose chemotherapy, the patients had been randomly assigned to one of two hematopoietic support strategies: GM-CSF alone (Group 1) or GM-CSF-primed PBP and GM-CSF (Group 2). Autologous bone marrow was harvested from all patients for use only in the event of persistent pancytopenia with marrow aplasia on day 15. RESULTS A total of 18 patients were treated. Randomization was halted after the initial 10 patients because of the significant advantages for patients in Group 2 in comparison with those in Group 1 in regard to (1) the median number of days to absolute neutrophil count 0.5 x 10(9)/l (12 versus 21) and platelet count to 50 x 10(9)/l (13 versus 23), (2) platelet transfusions (3 versus 15.5), and (3) episodes of neutropenic sepsis (0 versus 4, respectively). One patient in Group 1 died from treatment-related complications. All patients in Group 1 required bone marrow reinfusion. No patient in Group 2 required bone marrow reinfusion, and no early mortality was observed in this group. Eight subsequent patients were treated with PBP and GM-CSF (Group 3). This group was more heavily pretreated than Groups 1 or 2 and had a slower hematologic recovery than Group 2. However, none of these patients required bone marrow reinfusion. The four patients in Group 1 that did not have early bone marrow rescue all had neutrophil counts of 0.0 on day 15. For Groups 2 and 3, the neutrophil counts on day 15 ranged from 0.3-2.1 x 10(9)/l (median, 1.9) and from 0.2-2.1 x 10(9)/l (median 0.6), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The use of PBP plus GM-CSF accelerated hematologic recovery after this chemotherapeutic regimen compared with GM-CSF alone; there were reduced morbidity and platelet transfusion requirements. Recovery was sufficiently rapid that PBP were an acceptable alternative to autologous bone marrow transplantation in patients receiving high-dose carboplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide.
Fusion of Data from Multiple Sensors with Model-Based Data Analysis

For many applications, the combination of multiple data sources is required to reach a conclusion. Limited communications and processing capabilities dictate transmitting, processing and reviewing information more likely to affect a decision before less relevant data. Autonomous craft must, thus, prioritize data for transmission, onboard. Previous work demonstrated the ability to identify and prioritize discrepancies between collected and pre-existing image, topographic and gravitational data. This paper focuses on combining single-source analysis from these datasets to produce a fusion-analysis for predicting the decision-impact value of the component data. This approach is evaluated for persistent surveillance and asteroid assessment applications.
Effects of forward and backward classical conditioning procedures on a spinal cat hind-limb flexor nerve response

Previous studies assessing the effects of classical conditioning paradigms on spinal reflex responses have not assessed the possible consequences of simple stimulus overlap on any observed effects. The present study utilized both forward and backward stimulus pairings in a classical conditioning paradigm with the hind-limb flexor-nerve response in the cat to assess the effects of simple stimulus summation on response amplitude. Negative results in the backward groups and increased response amplitude in the forward groups suggested the necessity of CS-US forward pairings for the observed effect. The results are discussed in relation to the predictions of both “stimulus trace” and informational hypotheses for the spinal response system.
An Algorithm For The Analysis Of Shaly Gas Sands

A description is given of an approach for analysis of shaly sands and a program for TI-59 calculators based on the theory of the neutron-density cross-plot. The program calculates porosity, flushed zone water saturation, and amounts of dispersed, laminar and structural shale. Also, formation water saturation is determined using three shale models. The most appropriate value can then be selected according to the relative amounts of the shale types. 8 refs.
Complexes of thrombin with secreted platelet proteins

A labeled 77-kDa complex formed when 125I-thrombin was added to platelet suspensions or to the supernatant solution of ionophore-activated platelets. Prostacyclin inhibited complex formation with whole platelets but not with the supernatant solution of ionophore-activated platelets. This is evidence that the complex formed with a factor secreted from activated platelets. Smaller complexes of 70 and 58 kDa formed between labeled thrombin and lysed platelets. The 77-kDa complex was necessary for the formation of a thrombin-thrombospondin complex.
Development of a laser transceiver system for deep-space optical communications

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) continues to plan and anticipate the development of high data rate communications for future deep space missions. The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory is responding to this challenge by developing a breadboard laser transceiver package using commercial off-the-shelf components. We plan to demonstrate a breadboard transceiver unit, integrated with a fine pointing and tracking capability by the end of FY-03. A potential mission application is to ultimately demonstrate a live video link from Mars. Our near-term demonstration goals are to achieve a modest 5 Mbps data rate over an equivalent range of 2 AU. To achieve this we are modeling and testing the components for a hybrid analog/digital receiver in conjunctino with semiconductor laser diodes and silicon PIN and avalanche photodiodes. Our efforts leading up to hardware implementation and test have consisted of a trade-of between coherent and direct detection receiver architectures, and a link analysis for deep space applications, which established the laser power requirements for supporting a real-time video link from Mars as well as other missions, where the encoded bit error rate is from 10-6 to 10-9. Current efforts include the development of a direct-detection 4-ary pulse position modulation scheme using a FPGA-based modulator/demodulator as well as a separate quadrant photodiode receiver for tracking. We plan to integrate this transceiver with lightweight diffractive optical elements for beam-forming. The design and initial testing of the transceiver components will be discussed.
Spatial Nonstationarity and Spurious Regression: the Case with a Row-normalized Spatial Weights Matrix

Abstract This paper investigates the spurious regression in the spatial setting where the regressant and regressors may be generated from possible nonstationary spatial autoregressive processes. Under the near unit root specification with a row-normalized spatial weights matrix, it is shown that the possible spurious regression phenomena in the spatial setting are relatively weaker than those in the nonstationary time series scenario. The regression estimates might or might not converge to 0. The divergence might occur only when the regressant has a near unit root much closer to unity than that of the regressor. For the t and F statistics, there could be over-rejection of the null of uncorrelatedness under certain situations, but they do not diverge. However, the coefficient of determination R 2 converges to 0, which provides strong evidence of the spurious regression even when t and F statistics are large. Simulation results about different statistics are in line with the theoretical results we derive in...
Average persistent current in a mesoscopic ring.

We present a microscopic calculation of the disorder-averaged persistent current for a mesoscopic ring with a fixed number of electrons. Using an idea by Imry, we show that the event Fourier components of the average current dominate and are related to the typical single-level current D ∞ D/0 , which can be calculated by a Green's-function-averaging technique. For the small even harmonics p, the result simplifies to D ∼I 0 /2πM, where M is the number of transverse channels. Its relevance to multiring experiments is discussed
Wear Particles in Bilateral Internal Iliac Lymph Nodes After Loosening of a Painless Unilateral Cemented Total Hip Arthroplasty

Accepted for publication April 19, 1996. * Requests for reprints: Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke exceeds local encapsulation. We report particulate wear debris in bilateral internal iliac lymph nodes in a patient undergoing radical cystoprostatectomy who also had a loose but painless unilateral total hip arthroplasty. Our case illustrates that disseminated particle wear debris should be University Medical School, P.O. Box 3332, Durham, North Carolina added to the Of nodes in patients with an endoprosthesis.2 ~
Acculturation and disordered eating patterns among Mexican American women.

Objective This quantitative study examined the relationship between acculturation and disordered eating patterns among different generations of Mexican American women. Method Participants included 139 Mexican American women (mean age = 29.1) drawn from local undergraduate courses and community agencies. The posttest-only design included a demographic measure, Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA), and the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26). Results Of the five generations studied, second-generation women endorsed the most disordered eating patterns and the highest degrees of concurrent acculturation. Moreover, there was a significant, positive correlation between acculturation and Factor III of the EAT which highlights control of eating and perceived pressure from others to gain weight. Participants scoring beyond the EAT cut-off score endorsed bulimic symptoms. Discussion Differing intergenerational ideals regarding weight may create special strains for second-generation Mexican American women. Criteria for disordered eating in a population previously not considered at risk should be further assessed and clinicians should be careful not to underdiagnose among this group. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 28: 125–129, 2000.
The Allegory of Church and Synagogue

IN his very informing introduction to the text of the Old French Perlesvaus' W. A. Nitze has quite justly stressed two important characteristics of this twelfthcentury Grail romance: the prevalence of a militant crusading spirit in the action of the story, and the frequent use of allegory in order to unite religious and romantic themes. Thus an incident borrowed from Wauchier namely the joy of a hound at beholding his mistress again becomes in Perlesvaus a 'mystical recognition of the Grail hero by an unknown animal.' Since the major interest of the romancer is a glorification of crusading chivalry 'cele que l'on fait por la loi Due essaucier,' in Perlesvaus' own words2 it is not surprising that a number of the allegorical incidents are concerned with the relation of the Old Law to the New; with the contrast, that is, between Synagogue and Church, and the assured triumph of the latter over the former. This preoccupation of the author with apologetics in the form of a particular allegory has been duly pointed out by Nitze in brief notes and allusions. I believe, however, that further examples of the theme can be found in the text. Moreover, I should like to indicate the close connection between this literary motif and an important body of church literature on Synagogue and Church, which, although originating with the Fathers, received particularly elaborate and frequent treatment about 1200 A.D.precisely during the period of composition of Perlesvaus. The material to be presented will establish an interesting relationship, I believe, between this Grail romance and some of the significant intellectual problems which absorbed the attention of leading churchmen of the time. These in their turn were brought into prominence (as one might expect) by the course of political history, particularly the enormously stimulating contact of East and West in the twelfth century through the Crusades and commercial traffic. I
Thermally induced structural transitions of the variable and constant halves of Bence Jones proteins: fluorimetric studies.

Abstract Fluorimetric method has been used to study the thermally induced structural transitions of the variable and constant halves of Bence Jones proteins. Like the intact protein, both the variable and constant halves exhibit significant increase in their fluorescence intensity at 50–56° due to conformational unfolding. The intact protein and its variable half, thus unfolded, exhibit considerable ANS dye (8-Anilinonapthalene-I-sulfonate) binding capacity, as measured by the increase in ANS fluorescence. However, this is not true for the unfolded constant half. The thermosolubility properties, which are shown by intact Bence Jones proteins and their variable halves but not by their constant halves, appear to correlate with the exposure of hydrophobic binding sites at elevated temperature.
Endophytic association of the pine pathogen Fusarium circinatum with corn (Zea mays)

Abstract Recent work has shown that Fusarium circinatum , previously known only as a pathogen of pines ( Pinus ) and Douglas fir ( Picea abies ), can also infect species in the grass family Poaceae. The present study characterized the ability of F. circinatum to colonize corn ( Zea mays ), in comparison to closely related Fusarium species known to have endophytic associations with Z. mays . When inoculum was applied to seed, F. circinatum colonized roots, stems and developing ears of Z. mays , roots were colonized on plants grown in infested soil, and corn ears became infected when inoculum was applied to husk wounds or through silk channels without wounding. Colonization was restricted to intercellular growth in the cortical and epidermal tissue. No negative effects on growth or emergence were detected. These results constitute the first description of an endophytic association of F. circinatum with a grass species and are illustrative of ecological activities that may remain undetected where fungi have no visible impact on their plant host.
Influence of lever arm and stabilization on measures of hip abduction and adduction torque obtained by hand-held dynamometry

Abstract Krause DA, Schlagel SJ, Stember BM, Zoetewey JE, Hollman JH. Influence of lever arm and stabilization on measures of hip abduction and adduction torque obtained by hand-held dynamometry. Objective To examine the reliability of clinical techniques for testing hip abductor and adductor muscle performance. Design Repeated measures. Setting Academic laboratory. Participants A sample of 21 healthy subjects (12 men, 9 women) between 22 and 31 years of age. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures Reliability of repeated measures was estimated by calculating intraclass correlation coefficients. Torque production capability was calculated by multiplying force output obtained with a hand-held dynamometer by the length of the resistance lever arm. Results The reliability of abduction testing was greatest in the long-lever condition. Adduction test reliability was greatest in the long-lever condition with bench stabilization. The maximal hip abduction torque tested in the long-lever position was significantly greater ( t 20 =9.21, P 1,20 =15.64, P =.001). Conclusions Muscle performance testing of hip abductors and adductors with a hand-held dynamometer can be performed with good to excellent intratester and intertester reliability. Hip abduction testing is best performed with a long lever. Hip adduction is best performed with a long lever and a bench to stabilize the nontest extremity.
Dislocation cell formation during plastic deformation of copper single crystals

Tapered copper single crystals oriented for single slip are deformed plastically at room temperature and at 77 K. TEM investigations at resolved shear stress levels of 20, 30, and 40 MPa in the same crystal are used to follow the development of the dislocation structure with increasing deformation. Both, an open cell structure with walls preferentially aligned parallel to the primary edge orientation and planar dislocation networks are formed. Dislocation cell sizes and segment lengths are statistically evaluated. The results are discussed within the framework of a discontinuous process responsible for the decrease of the average dimensions of the microstructure with increasing applied stress.
Percutaneous urinary diversion in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer

Abstract Twenty-two patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer underwent percutaneousurinary diversion; at the time, all but one had metastatic disease. Eleven patients received postnephrostomy therapy. The median survival time for all the patients was one hundred nineteen days. Overall, 41 percent of the patients'remaining lifetime was spent in the hospital. Six never left the hospital and 10 required rehospitalization; the remaining 6 patients were never rehospitalized. The median survival time for this group of patients was shorter than the expected survival of similar patients without ureteral obstruction. It appears that percutaneous urinary diversion does not improve the quality of life of these patients.
Hospitality and Tourism: a Rhetorical Analysis and Conceptual Framework for Identifying Industry Meanings

Hospitality and tourism are certainly two of the most widely used words in the fields of ho tels, restaurants, travel, and related areas. They are used independently or in combination with other wo...
Quality and the television production engineer

It is often said that quality is priceless. We may use the idiom of the engineer, however, and say that quality in the television industry is definitely not priceless, but must be bought and guaranteed by the unending efforts of the production engineer.
The Iraq War and Asia: Assessing the Legacy

Surprisingly, the war has not changed any fundamental elements of Asia's rising influence, nor has it significantly weakened the U.S. hand in the region in any enduring way. The reality is that the Iraq war has not been as fundamental to Asian geopolitics as it has in the Middle East or Europe.
Pixel Compounding: Resolution-Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging for Quantitative Analysis

Accurate measurement of structural features represented in medical images is important in clinical trials and patient diagnosis. A key factor for precision is spatial resolution, which in ultrasonic imaging is limited by transducer array arrangements, transmitting frequency, and data acquisition firmware. In this paper, a variation of pixel compounding is proposed to enhance ultrasound resolution using acquired cine loops. The technique operates on a sequence of ultrasound B-scan images acquired with random motion. Subpixel registration is estimated and a maximum a posteriori (MAP) approach with the shift information is used to reconstruct a high-resolution single image. A nonhomogeneous anisotropic diffusion algorithm follows from the estimation process and is implemented to enhance the high-resolution edges. Preliminary tests using simulations and phantom studies show promising results. Pixel compounding can be a powerful preprocessing tool to assure accurate segmentation, measurement, and analysis of ultrasound images.
Mccrillisite, NaCs(Be,Li)Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 4 .1-2H 2 O, a new mineral species from Mount Mica, Oxford County, Maine, and new data for gainesite

Mccrillisite, ideally NaCs(Be,Li)Zr 2 (PO 4 ) 4 .1-2H 2 O, a member of the gainesite group, occurs in the Mount Mica granitic pegmatite, South Paris, Oxford County, Maine. The mineral is a product of late-stage hydrothermal alteration and is associated with approximately twenty other silicate, oxide, carbonate, arsenide and phosphate minerals. Crystals occur in mm- to cm-sized cavities, and individuals are up to 1.2 mm in maximum dimension. The crystals are white to colorless, bipyramidal, with {111} dominant and {001} minor. Streak is white, and luster, vitreous; the mineral is translucent to transparent, and nonfluorescent. Hardness (Mohs) is 4 to 4 1/2. No cleavage was observed, and the fracture is conchoidal. D measured 3.125(5), D calculated 3.30 g/cm 3 . Mccrillisite is uniaxial positive, with omega 1.634(2) and epsilon 1.645(2), colorless and nonpleochroic. The mineral is tetragonal, I4 1 /amd, with a 6.573(2), c 17.28(2) Aa, V 746.6(9) Aa 3 , c/a 2.6289, Z = 2. The strongest six reflections in the X-ray powder-diffraction pattern [d(Aa)(I)(hkl)] are: 6.159(90)(101), 4.326(80)(004), 4.099(40)(112), 3.281(80)(200), 3.060(100)(105) and 2.896(30)(211). Chemical compositions (wt.%) for mccrillisite and cotype gainesite, respectively, are: Li 2 O 0.6, 0.8; Al 2 O 3 <0.1, 0.5; CaO <0.1, 0.7; MgO 0.1, 0.35; MnO<0.1, 0.7; FeO<0.1, 1.0; SrO 0.2, --; Na 2 O 4.2, 7.8; K 2 O 0.3, 2.4; Cs 2 O 15.3, 2.2; BeO 2.9, 2.3; ZnO 0.5, <0.1; ZrO 2 31.6, 33.0; HfO 2 2.5, 0.7; P 2 O 5 38.3, 45.0; Rb 2 O<0.1, 0.1; F 0.5, <0.1; H 2 O 3.0, 4.3; subtotal 100.10, 101.95; O = F 0.21, --; total 99.89, 101.95. An empirical formula for mccrillisite, based on 4 P atoms, is: Na1.00 (Cs (sub 0.80) Li (sub 0.18) K (sub 0.05) ) (sub Sigma 1.03) (Be (sub 0.86) Li (sub 0.12) Mg (sub 0.02) ) (sub Sigma 1.00) (Zr (sub 1.90) Hf (sub 0.09) Zn (sub 0.05) ) (sub Sigma 2.04) (P (sub 4.00) Si (sub 0.01) ) (sub Sigma 4.01) (O (sub 15.8) (sub F0.2) ) (sub Sigma 16.0) . 1.23H 2 O. The empirical formula for gainesite, based on 4 P atoms, is: Na (sub 1.00) (Na (sub 0.59) K (sub 0.32) Cs (sub 0.10) Rb (sub 0.01) ) (sub Sigma 1.02) (Be (sub 0.58) Li (sub 0.34) Mg (sub 0.06) Al (sub 0.06) ) (sub Sigma 10.4) (Zr (sub 1.69) Fe (sub 0.09) Ca (sub 0.08) Mn (sub 0.06) Hf (sub 0.02) ) (sub Sigma 1.94) (P (sub 4.00) Si (sub 0.01) ) (sub Sigma 4.01) O (sub 15.6) . 1.5H 2 O. Gainesite was originally considered to be anhydrous, but is shown to contain essential molecular water, as does mccrillisite. The mineral name honors the McCrillis family, particularly the late Dean McCrillis and Philip McCrillis, of Oxford County, Maine, and their more than 90 years spent working the granitic pegmatites of Maine.
Examining African American Adolescent Depression in a Community Sample: The Impact of Parent/Child Agreement

This study examined rater congruence and discrepancies in African American parent–adolescent reports of emotional concerns, behavioral functioning and depression. Using parent child reports of functioning from the ASEBA CBCL and YSR self-report instruments, and clinician rated depression via the CDRS-R, the team examined baseline data from a non-clinical community sample of 35 African American parent–youth dyads. Data suggest that discordance in parent–youth dyad reporting on perceptions of adolescent behaviors and emotions is a helpful factor in predicting depression in African American adolescents. Additionally, the research team identified moderate to strong correlations between clinician-rated and adolescent-rated depression. These data provide a novel examination of the potential significance of parent–adolescent congruence and discrepancies in reporting on youth emotional and behavioral states and its significance for assessing depressive symptoms in teens.
Assembly of bacteriophage P2 capsids from capsid protein fused to internal scaffolding protein.

Most tailed bacteriophages with double-stranded DNA genomes code for a scaffolding protein, which is required for capsid assembly, but is removed during capsid maturation and DNA packaging. The gpO scaffolding protein of bacteriophage P2 also doubles as a maturation protease, while the scaffolding activity is confined to a 90 residue C-terminal “scaffolding” domain. Bacteriophage HK97 lacks a separate scaffolding protein; instead, an N-terminal “delta” domain in the capsid protein appears to serve an analogous role. We asked whether the C-terminal scaffolding domain of gpO could work as a delta domain when fused to the gpN capsid protein. Varying lengths of C-terminal sequences from gpO were fused to the N-terminus of gpN and expressed in E. coli. The presence of just the 41 C-terminal residues of gpO increased the fidelity of assembly and promoted the formation of closed shells, but the shells formed were predominantly small, 40 nm shells, compared to the normal, 55 nm P2 procapsid shells. Larger scaffolding domains fused to gpN caused the formation of shells of varying size and shape. The results suggest that while fusing the scaffolding protein to the capsid protein assists in shell closure, it also restricts the conformational variability of the capsid protein.
Reading Achievement Across Three Language Groups: Growth Estimates for Overall Reading and Reading Subskills Obtained With the Early Childhood Longitudinal Survey

This study estimated normative reading trajectories for the population of English-proficient language minority students attending U.S. public elementary schools. Achievement of English-language learners (ELLs) was evaluated in terms of native English speakers' progress, and estimates were adjusted for the effects of socioeconomic status (SES). The ELL group was disaggregated into native Spanish speakers and native speakers of Asian languages. Multilevel latent variable growth modeling indicated that achievement trends of Asian-language ELLs are more similar to those of native English speakers than to those of Spanish ELL groups. Spanish ELLs had lower initial reading achievement than both Asian-language ELLs and native English speakers, and Asian students had higher initial achievement than did the native English speaking group. Additionally, Spanish ELLs had statistically significantly less growth over time than did Asian ELLs, with differences being most notable on reading evaluation-related tasks. Language-related differences in total reading were minimized when SES effects were specifically modeled, suggesting that SES may be the more significant factor explaining the lower achievement rates of English-proficient native Spanish speakers.
Band Gaps of 2D Phononic Crystal with Imperfect Interface

Propagation characteristics of elastic waves in 2D phononic crystal consisting of parallel cylinders embedded periodically in a homogeneous host medium are investigated. The multiple scattering method and the Bloch wave theory in a periodic system are used to derive the dispersive equation. Dispersive curves are evaluated numerically in the reduced Brillouin zone and the wave band gaps are obtained. The imperfect interface between the scatterer and the host, namely, the displacement or traction vector are not continuous, are considered. These imperfect interfaces considered include the spring interface, the mass interface, spring-mass interface, and the slide interface. The influence of the imperfect interface upon the wave band gaps is discussed based on the numerical results. Some interesting phenomena are observed and physical explanations are given.
The standard state of cerium

Based on two studies carried out about 20 years apart, it was found that the double close-packed hexagonal βCe phase slowly transformed to the face-centered cubic γCe phase at room temperature and ambient pressure. This indicates that γCe is the stable modification at standard temperature and pressure (i.e., 298 K and 1 atm). The βCe↔γCe equilibrium temperature at 1 atm, the heat of transformation, the temperature/pressure phase diagram, and the heat capacities of βCe and γCe are presented.
Incorporation of dansylated phospholipids and dehydroergosterol into membranes using a phospholipid exchange protein

A nonspecific phospholipid exchange protein (PLEP) preparation was used to transfer dansyl [3H]phosphatidylethanolamine (DNS-PE), dansyl[3H]phosphatidylserine (DNS-PS), and dehydroergosterol (DHE) from sonicated lipid vesicles to electroplax plasma membrane fragments enriched in Na+,K+-ATPase with retention of 80-90% of Na+,K+-ATPase activity. The transfer of individual fluorescent lipid molecules was distinguished from a nonspecific association of lipid vesicles and membranes by including [14C]triolein, a lipid that is not transferred by PLEPs, in the vesicles. Dansyl 3H-labeled phospholipids (DNS-[3H]PLs) or DHE was considered "incorporated" into the Na+,K+-ATPase membranes when fluorophores pelleted with the Na+,K+-ATPase preparation without the nonexchangeable [14C]triolein. The locations of incorporated DHE and DNS-PLs were also described by iodide quenching experiments. DHE was not accessible to iodide for quenching, while 75% of the DNS-PLs incorporated into Na+,K+-ATPase membrane fragments were accessible to iodide. After a technique was developed for using PLEP to incorporate fluorescent lipids into membranes with the Na+,K+-ATPase preparation, DNS-PE, DNS-PS, and DHE were then analogously incorporated into electroplax plasma membranes enriched in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and into erythrocyte ghosts in order to evaluate the fluorophores as membrane probes. In the subsequent evaluation, the fluorescent properties of membrane-incorporated DNS-PE, DNS-PS, and DHE were systematically compared to the fluorescent properties of the molecules in lipid vesicles. The fluorescence polarizations of both DNS-PLs were increased by the presence of protein in a bilayer. The fluorescence polarization of DNS-PS was greater than the polarization of DNS-PE in both membranes and vesicles. In contrast, the polarization (and the lifetime) of DHE was the same whether the fluorescent sterol was in a membrane preparation or in vesicles. Fluorescence polarization and intensity of all three fluorophores were measured in the bilayer preparations as a function of temperature. The intensities of all three probes and the polarization of DNS-PE in both membranes and vesicles decreased biphasically with a change in slope occurring at 26.0-27.5 degrees C. DNS-PS in lipid vesicles was depolarized biphasically with increasing temperature, but when incorporated into membranes, DNS-PS was depolarized linearly without a change in slope. The polarization of DHE in either membranous or vesicle bilayers did not change with temperature.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Discovering event correlation rules for semi-structured business processes

In this paper we describe an algorithm to discover event correlation rules from arbitrary data sources. Correlation rules can be useful for determining relationships between events in order to isolate instances of a running business process for the purposes of monitoring, discovery and other applications. We have implemented our algorithm and validate our approach on events generated by a simulator that implements a real-world inspired export compliance regulations scenario consisting of 24 activities and corresponding event types. This simulated scenario involves a wide range of heterogeneous systems (e.g. Order Management, Document Management, E-Mail, and Export Violation Detection Services) as well as workflow-supported human-driven interactions (Process Management System). Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm achieves a high level of accuracy in the detection of correlation rules. This paper confirms that our algorithm is a step towards semi-automating the task of detecting correlations. We also demonstrate how correlation rules discovered by our algorithm can be used to create aggregation nodes that allow more efficient querying, filtering and analytics. The results in this paper encourage future directions such as distributed statistics calculation, and scalability in terms of handling massive data sets.