cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Stroke in Children: Genetic and Metabolic Issues

The study of genetic and metabolic etiologies of pediatric stroke, both vascular and metabolic, allows an understanding of the causes of acute focal neurologic deficits in childhood. Here, the mendelian and mitochondrial genetic causes of pediatric stroke syndromes are reviewed. This approach elucidates the etiology of childhood stroke and illustrates many of the genetic risk factors that are found in adult-onset cerebrovascular disease. Therefore, the study of childhood stroke serves as a model to elucidate the potential risk factors for all stroke. Ultimately this will serve to develop a more rational preventive and therapeutic approach for all cerebrovascular disease. (J Child Neurol 2000;15:308-315).
Matched filtering using tapped bucket-brigade delay lines

The use of an m.o.s. tapped bucket-brigade shift register as a matched filter is discussed. Tapping is accomplished by sensing the node voltages at each delay stage with a source follower, and the weighted summation is accomplished by summing the resulting currents. Construction of a filter matched to a 13 bit Barker-coded p.n. sequence is described and results are presented.
Caloric Restriction Modulates Early Events in Insulin Signaling in Liver and Skeletal Muscle of Rat

Mutations that extend life span in C. elegans suggest that the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IS) pathway may play a key role in retarding aging and extending life span by caloric restriction (CR). To evaluate this hypothesis, male rats were subjected to either AL (ad libitum) or CR (40% from AL) for 2 and 25 months, and then the effects of CR on the early events in the IS pathway in liver and muscle were assessed. The results indicated that aging was accompanied by a significant decline in insulin receptor tyrosine phosphorylation (pY-IR) upon insulin stimulation in both tissues, which was correlated with a significant increase in the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP-1B). However, these alterations with age were attenuated by 25CR. Parallel changes observed in liver mRNA of CR rats were upregulated insulin receptor (IR), IGF-1R and IRS-1, but increased expression of IR mRNA was dissociated with the IR protein in 25CR rats. The expression of liver mRNAs involved in lipid metabolism was also analyzed. In contrast to 25AL rats, the expression of mRNAs for PPARs (alpha, delta, and gamma) was significantly increased in 25CR rats. SREBP-1c and fatty acid synthase were reduced, and other genes were increased, including hormone-sensitive lipase and PGC-1 by CR. The data suggest that the normal function of insulin receptor in liver and muscle is required for successful aging. An altered expression of transcription of a number of genes involved in lipid metabolism may also contribute to modulation of the IS pathway by CR.
Neuroleptic drug-induced extrapyramidal syndromes and tardive dyskinesia

Neuroleptic (antipsychotic) drug-induced acute extrapyramidal syndromes (EPS) and the late onset tardive dyskinesia (TD) are the major side effects that limit the use of these highly efficacious agents. The appropriate strategy for controlling these side effects is based on the clinical presentations, pathophysiological mechanisms, and contributions of patient and treatment-related risk factors. New information about the mechanisms of action of neuroleptics and the long-term outcome of acute EPS and TD provide valuable insights into these syndromes. The most effective method for maximizing the benefits and minimizing the risks of neuroleptics is to use the lowest effective dose of both neuroleptic and antiEPS drugs in patients who benefit from them. The next major advancement will be to develop new compounds which effectively control psychotic symptoms and are free of the undesirable acute and tardive motor syndromes.
Anti-infective pharmacodynamics – maximizing efficacy, minimizing toxicity

The art and science of designing dosing regimens of antimicrobial agents while minimizing toxicity have recently converged as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic principles. These show that there are two major pathways governing the in vivo activity of antimicrobial agents – time-dependent agents such as β-lactams, with efficacy occurring when non-protein-bound drug concentrations exceed MICs of pathogens for greater than 40–50% of the dosing interval, and concentration-dependent agents, with clinical success occurring when AUC:MIC ratios exceed threshold values.
Content listings for consistency of policies and procedures in an academic department

Communicating expectations is central to effective management. In a large academic department spread over several sites, written guidelines are often necessary to limit misinterpretation of these expectations. Three "operation manuals" for residents, faculty, and support staff were developed to supply these guidelines. They have evolved into an effective means of communicating departmental policy and standards for performance. The table of contents are provided as a guide for those developing new academic departments.
Attack of S‐ vs N‐Nucleophiles on 2‐halomethylquinazoline 3‐Oxides

A comparison is made of thiols with amines in their mode of reaction with different substituted 2-halomethylquinazoline 3-oxides. Whereas the reaction of some amines (particularly small primary ones), as has long been known, leads to ring-enlarging rearrangement under certain conditions, all thiol nucleophiles we have observed, ranging from small to large, lead without rearrangement to direct benzylic substitution only. Preformed aminomethylquinazoline 3-oxides are shown not to rearrange to the corresponding 1,4-benzodiazepine 4-oxides. The mechanistic implications of these and other observations are discussed. Data on over forty new compounds are presented.
PKA Type IIα Holoenzyme Reveals a Combinatorial Strategy for Isoform Diversity

The catalytic (C) subunit of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)–dependent protein kinase (PKA) is inhibited by two classes of regulatory subunits, RI and RII. The RII subunits are substrates as well as inhibitors and do not require adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to form holoenzyme, which distinguishes them from RI subunits. To understand the molecular basis for isoform diversity, we solved the crystal structure of an RIIα holoenzyme and compared it to the RIα holoenzyme. Unphosphorylated RIIα(90-400), a deletion mutant, undergoes major conformational changes as both of the cAMP-binding domains wrap around the C subunit's large lobe. The hallmark of this conformational reorganization is the helix switch in domain A. The C subunit is in an open conformation, and its carboxyl-terminal tail is disordered. This structure demonstrates the conserved and isoform-specific features of RI and RII and the importance of ATP, and also provides a new paradigm for designing isoform-specific activators or antagonists for PKA.
Management of Women With BRCA Mutations: A 41-Year-Old Woman With a BRCA Mutation and a Recent History of Breast Cancer

Ms E, a 41-year-old BRCA1 mutation carrier, was diagnosed 4 years ago as having breast cancer and opted for breast-conserving therapy. Prior to receiving chemotherapy, she harvested her eggs through in vitro fertilization and subsequently used preimplantation genetic diagnosis; 3 months ago she delivered a healthy boy. This review examines the prevalence of BRCA mutations in women with breast cancer, as well as current recommendations for surgery and systemic therapy in these women. In particular, the risk of a contralateral breast cancer is reviewed to help guide the choice of prophylactic mastectomies vs breast-conserving therapy. The technology of preimplantation genetic diagnosis and genetic testing in relatives of mutation carriers is discussed.
Behavior of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet as deduced from a coupled GCM/ice‐sheet model

While the possible instability of the West Antarctic ice sheet has been widely recognized for some time as a potential source of sea-level rise in an enhanced greenhouse warming, the stability of the East Antarctic ice sheet has only recently become the subject of such a conjecture. We approach an aspect of this issue using a numerical experiment with an atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a 3-dimensional ice-sheet model. Response of the ice sheet model to the external forcing generated by an atmospheric GCM due to doubling the CO2 concentration does not show any appreciable changes in the horizontal extent of the ice sheet due to normal creep and topographic instabilities, suggesting that an Antarctic collapse resulting from these factors is unlikely. The mechanics of basal sliding, non-isothermal effects, and ice shelves are as yet too poorly understood to make quantitative estimates of possible instabilities due to these processes.
ON THE NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF ACCELERATION-DRIVEN MULTI-FLUID MIXING

This paper is concerned with computational prediction of acceleration-induced multi-fluid mixing phenomena. Premises and performance of existing approaches are reviewed and analyzed with focus on a late phase behavior. We introduce a new framework whose central idea is to use an interfacial area transport equation (IATE) and a subgrid scale model (SGS) of multi-fluid turbulence to provide a natural transition from DNS-based simulation toward an effective-field model (EFM) and deeply into well-mixed states with continuous refinement of length scale. We present new results and important insights derived from our work on four platform technologies: DNS, EFM, IATE and SGS. We discuss the approach to ensure that developments in different areas effectively emerge and function seamlessly in an overall computational platform for multi-fluid mixing.
Patching a Leaky Intestine

Syndecan-1, a heparin sulfate protein, is vital to the integrity of the intestinal epithelium in the mouse.
Symptomatic Fibromuscular Dysplasia of the External Iliac Artery

The aim of this article is to report a case of symptomatic fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving the external iliac arteries (EIAs). An 88-year-old woman was admitted to the vascular service, with a painful right posterior ankle ulcer that had progressively worsened during the course of a month. Her medical history included diabetes and hypertension. Bilateral lower-extremity pulses were absent, and femoral and tibial Doppler waveforms were monophasic. Pelvic and bilateral lower-extremity angiograms were obtained, which revealed findings in both EIAs consistent with a diagnosis of extrarenal FMD. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with subsequent stenting of the right EIA was performed, using a self-expanding stent. Completion digital subtraction angiography demonstrated a widely patent right EIA with brisk flow of contrast across the stent. Postprocedural arterial duplex scan showed a biphasic waveform pattern in the common femoral artery. FMD can involve the EIA and be associated with critical limb ischemia. FMD of the EIA responds well to endovascular management.
Initial dislocation distributions in tungsten fibre-copper composites

Etch-pit studies of composites consisting of small volume fractions of tungsten wires into which a copper matrix had been introduced by vacuum infiltration showed the dislocation density in the single crystal matrix to increase with volume fraction of fibre and to rise to high values toward the fibre-matrix interface. The dislocation distributions, which resulted from strains arising due to differential shrinkage, were interpreted in terms of a contribution, independent of fibre fraction, due to transverse strains which fall off with distance from the fibre and a second one due to axial strain which increases with fibre fraction but is invariant with distance from the fibre. Part of the axial adjustment is accomplished by interface shear.
Biotinylated Hyaluronic Acid as a Probe for Identifying Hyaluronic Acid-Binding Proteins

The glycosaminoglycans hyaluronan (HA), heparin, and chondroitin sulfate were biotinylated using biotin-x-hydrazide (biotin-epsilon-aminocaproyl hydrozyde) in conjunction with N-ethyl-N'-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, an activating agent for carboxyl groups. The biotin-x-hydrazide was shown to be coupled directly to the glycosaminoglycans in enzymatic digestions and competition experiments. The biotinylated HA was shown to bind to link protein and receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility, two proteins known to bind HA. The labeled HA was used as a probe to detect known HA-binding proteins in chicken cartilage extract and to identify new HA-binding motifs in the G3 domain of the proteoglycan aggrecan. The significance of the biotinylation of HA, heparin, and chondroitin sulfate A are discussed.
Thyroid Hormone Receptors: Mechanisms of Transcriptional Regulation and Roles during Frog Development.

Thyroid hormone receptors (TRs) are members of the fast growing superfamily of nuclear hormone receptors. They are dual function transcription factors. In the unliganded form, they repress basal transcription of their target genes. The presence of thyroid hormone leads to not only the relief of this repression but also a strong transcriptional activation above the basal level. Mechanistically, thyroid hormone receptors appear to function as heterodimers with 9-cis-retinoic acid receptors both in the absence and in the presence of thyroid hormone. Recent studies indicate that the heterodimers can interact with thyroid hormone response elements in chromatin independently of thyroid hormone and that the receptors have evolved to function efficiently in a chromatin environment, utilizing chromatin assembly to effectively repress transcription in the absence of thyroid hormone and overcoming the repression by chromatin by inducing chromatin disruption in the presence of the hormone. In addition, a number of TR-interacting proteins have been isolated. How these proteins participate in the regulation of transcription by TRs remains to be elucidated. Independent of the exact mechanisms of action, the developmental expression of thyroid hormone receptor genes during amphibian metamorphosis suggests that both the repression and activation functions of the receptors are important for proper control of the temporal and tissue-specific regulation of metamorphosis.
SU‐FF‐J‐122: Systematic Study of Inter‐Fractional Variations for Anatomic Sites From Head to Feet

Purpose: Inter‐fractional variations in patient set‐up and anatomic changes are usually site specific. This work aims to systematically study these inter‐fractional variations for anatomic sites from head to feet based on the daily MV CTimages collected using helical tomotherapy. Methods and Materials: A total of first 51 patients treated at various anatomic sites using a helical tomotherapy system (Hi‐Art, Tomotherapy Inc.) were analyzed. Daily Tomotherapy MV CT acquired prior to each treatment were used to correct for daily setup error online. A total of 6120 translational shifts and rotational corrections were performed for the 51 patients. The daily serial MV CT and the planning CT were also used to determine inter‐fractional anatomic changes off‐line. The data for three representative patient cases, pancreas, uterus, and soft tissuesarcoma, are presented. Results: Inter‐fractional set up errors in skull, brain, and head and neck are significantly smaller than those in chest, abdomen/pelvic, and extremity. The translational shifts are mostly within 3 mm in skull, brain, and head and neck, while they are within 6 mm for other sites. The inter‐fractional anatomic changes were significant. For example, during the course of treatment, the pancreas moved up to ±20 mm, and volumes of the uterus and sarcoma varied up to 30% and 100%, respectively. Conclusions: The inter‐fractional variations in patient setup and in shapes, sizes and positions of both targets and normal structures can be significant and are site specific. The helical Tomotherapy technology has the capability of quantifying and addressing these variations. The data presented in this work dealing with several anatomic sites may be useful in developing adaptive radiotherapy.
Structured matrices and unconstrained rational interpolation problems

We describe a fast recursive algorithm for the solution of an unconstrained rational interpolation problem by exploiting the displacement structure concept. We use the interpolation data to implicitly define a convenient non-Hermitian structured matrix, and then apply a computationally efficient procedure for its triangular factorization. This leads to a transmission-line interpretation that makes evident the interpolation properties. We further discuss connections with the Lagrange interpolating polynomial as well as questions regarding the minimality and the admissible degrees of complexity of the solutions.
Commentary on 'Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation'.

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Gordon M, Naidoo K, Akobeng AK, Thomas AG. Osmotic and stimulant laxatives for the management of childhood constipation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2012, Issue 7 Art. No.: CD009118. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009118.pub2 Copyright © 2013 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The Cochrane Collaboration
ANALYSIS OF NUCLEAR QUADRUPOLE MOMENTS ON THE BASIS OF A KINEMATICAL MODEL

The kinematical model used previously in the correlation of nuclear magnetic moments has been applied to the analysis of nuclear quadrupole moments. The empirical rules found in the previous work are in general confirmed; however, the d32 nuclei form an exceptional group and are discussed in detail. A possible explanation of the anomalous magnetic moment of W183 is given. Shape factors are obtained for a number of odd mass nuclei on the basis of the present model.
Retail Stores in Poor Urban Neighborhoods

This paper examines several hypotheses about access to different types and sizes of retail establishments by residents of poor and non-poor urban neighborhoods, using Chicago as a case study. As expected, poor zip code areas in Chicago have fewer and smaller retail outlets overall than nonpoor areas, including fewer supermarkets, banks, and large drug stores. After controlling for purchasing power, poor areas still lack large drug stores but, surprisingly, not banks and supermarkets. Residents of poor neighborhoods must travel more than two miies to have access to the same numbers of supermarkets, large drug stores, banks, and other types of stores as residents of nonpoor areas.
Abdominal Wall Necrosis After Harvest of Both Internal Thoracic and Inferior Epigastric Arteries

Background The internal thoracic artery (ITA) and inferior epigastric artery (IEA) may be used as conduits for myocardial revascularization. Harvesting the ITAs and IEAs can lead to clinically significant ischemia of the anterior abdominal wall. Methods We created a registry with data from 108 patients receiving myocardial revascularization with 1 or greater ITA and (or) 1 or greater IEA. After revascularization, patients were followed to document their outcomes during hospitalization. We sought to identify risk factors for tissue necrosis in these patients. Results All patients had 1 (84%) or 2 (16%) IEAs harvested. Both ITAs were utilized in 81% of patients; 19% had only the left ITA harvested. All patients in whom 2 IEAs were harvested also had 2 ITAs harvested (17 of 108). Of these 17 patients, 2 (12%) developed abdominal wall necrosis. Only patients who had bilateral ITA and bilateral IEA harvest experienced this complication. Conclusions Bilateral harvest of ITAs and IEAs results in a moderate risk of clinically significant abdominal wall necrosis. The extent of tissue loss may involve skin, muscle, and fascia, but the peritoneum and posterior rectus sheath remained intact in both affected patients in this series. These data may be most valuable to those who contemplate an abdominal operation in a patient who has had one or more of their ITAs or IEAs taken.
Detection and localization of approaching vehicles in the presence of competing vehicle noise

Recent research indicated that auditory detection and localization of approaching vehicles play roles in pedestrian safety. The present study examined detection and localization of recorded sounds of approaching target vehicles in the presence of competing noise from a second vehicle. Forty-one adults completed an auditory vehicle detection task comprising competing and non-competing vehicle noise conditions. Auditory vehicle detection performance was significantly better in the non-competing condition than the competing condition. Specifically, participants performance in the non-competing condition included larger detection distances, and more accurate localizations. We conclude that auditory perception of vehicles suffers significantly when competing noise from a second vehicle is present, and we discuss implications for pedestrian safety.
Spatially-smooth piece-wise convex endmember detection

An endmember detection and spectral unmixing algorithm that uses both spatial and spectral information is presented. This method, Spatial Piece-wise Convex Multiple Model Endmember Detection (Spatial P-COMMEND), autonomously estimates multiple sets of endmembers and performs spectral unmixing for input hyperspectral data. Spatial P-COMMEND does not restrict the estimated endmembers to define a single convex region during spectral unmixing. Instead, a piece-wise convex representation is used that can effectively represent non-convex hyperspectral data. Spatial P-COMMEND drives neighboring pixels to be unmixed by the same set of endmembers encouraging spatially-smooth unmixing results.
Mold contamination in schools with either high or low prevelance of asthma

Background Mold exposures have been linked to the development and exacerbation of asthma. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Environmental Relative Moldiness Index (ERMI) metric, developed to quantify mold exposures in homes, might be applied to evaluating the mold contamination in schools. Methods Settled dust samples (n = 10) were collected on each level of a water-damaged school in Springfield, Massachusetts and two samples per level in five Idaho schools. Each dust sample was analyzed for the 36 molds that make up the ERMI. The concentration of 2.5-μm particulate matter (PM2.5) was measured in each school at two locations during the spring of 2013. Results The average ERMI value in the Springfield school, 15.51, was significantly greater (p < 0.001) than the average ERMI value, −2.87, in the Idaho schools. Ten of the twenty-six Group 1 molds, which are associated with water-damaged environments, were in significantly greater concentrations in the Springfield school. The populations of Group 2 molds, which are common indoors even without water damage, were essentially the same in Springfield and Idaho schools. The average PM2.5 concentration in the Springfield and Idaho schools was 11.6 and 3.4 μg/m3, respectively. Conclusions The ERMI scale might be useful in comparing the relative mold contamination in schools.
Effects of acute Rho kinase inhibition on chronic hypoxia-induced changes in proximal and distal pulmonary arterial structure and function

Hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH) is initially a disease of the small pulmonary arteries. Its severity is usually quantified by pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Acute Rho kinase inhibition h...
Predicting the unpredictable: The impact of meterological satellites on weather forecasting

Abstract The practice of weather forecasting was revolutionized with the launching of the first meterological satellite in April, 1960. This paper examines the impact of this new form of weather observation on the accuracy of weather forecasts. In studying this question, the author also discusses the influence of numerical weather prediction on forecasting accuracy. Estimates of the economic saving associated with improved weather forecasts are provided. The author concludes that weather satellites have greatly improved the accuracy of storm warning forecasts. It is unlikely, however, that the contribution of technological advances, such as meteorological satellites and numerical weather prediction, will be fully exploited, until systems for disseminating and using weather information are substantially improved.
Effects of substrate orientation on opto-electronic properties in self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots

Electronic structure and optical transition characteristics in (100), (110), and (111) oriented InAs/GaAs quantum dots (containing $${\sim }2$$~2 million atoms) were studied using a combination of valence force-field molecular mechanics and 20-band $$sp^{3}d^{5}s^{*}$$sp3d5s? atomistic tight-binding framework. These quantum dots are promising candidates for non-traditional applications such as spintronics, quantum cryptography and quantum computation, but suffer from the deleterious effects of various internal fields. Here, the dependence of strain and polarization fields on the substrate orientation is reported and discussed. It is found that, compared to the (100) and (110) oriented counterparts, quantum dots grown on the (111) oriented substrate exhibit a smaller splitting (non-degeneracy) in the excited $$P$$P states and enhanced isotropy in the interband optical emission characteristics.
Comparing Products and Production in Ecological and Industrial Systems

Summary Ecological systems and industrial systems have much in common. Both systems are characterized by flows of material and energy between components, both contain components that use energy to transform materials, and both contain energy-and material flow-regulating interactions such as competition and mutualism. These shared traits are reflected in the metaphor “an industrial system is an ecological system” that is central to industrial ecology. At the same time, critical differences exist between the two systems. Products, that is, goods and services exchanged for something of value, are characteristic of industrial systems, but relatively rare in ecological systems. This prevalence of products leads to a number of other interesting differences between the two systems, some of which might limit the value of ecological systems as prescriptive models for industrial systems.
Long-term complications of therapeutic exposures in childhood: lessons learned from childhood cancer survivors.

* Abbreviations: SMN — : second malignant neoplasms More than 12 000 children and adolescents are diagnosed with cancer each year in the United States.1 Advancements in therapeutic and supportive care strategies have resulted in significant improvements in survival; the overall 5-year survival rate is approaching 80%.1 However, two-thirds of these survivors experience at least one chronic health condition,2 resulting in considerable morbidity and premature mortality among childhood cancer survivors.3 A clear and unambiguous relation exists between therapeutic exposures and specific adverse events experienced by the survivors. A brief overview illustrates the therapeutic exposure–adverse event relation observed in childhood cancer survivors. This overview reinforces the need to develop risk-reduction strategies in childhood cancer survivors, as exemplified by the study conducted by Lipshultz et al4 in this issue of Pediatrics that focuses on use of continuous infusion anthracyclines to reduce the risk of cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy is a dose-limiting complication of anthracyclines5; exposure to cumulative anthracycline doses exceeding 250 mg/m2 increases the risk significantly,6 and younger age, female gender, and exposure to chest irradiation modify this dose-response relation.4 Lungs are particularly susceptible to radiation-induced injury, resulting in pneumonitis and pulmonary fibrosis.7 The incidence and severity of lung damage is related to the total dose of radiation, fractionation of that … Address correspondence to Smita Bhatia, MD, MPH, Department of Population Sciences, City of Hope National Medical Center, 1500 East Duart Rd, Duarte CA 91010. E-mail: sbhatia{at}coh.org
Sensitivity of metal nanoparticle plasmon resonance band position to the dielectric environment as observed in scattering

Electrodynamic simulations of gold nanoparticle scattering spectra were used to investigate the sensitivity of localized surface plasmon band position to the refractive index, n, of the medium for moderately high aspect ratio nanoparticles of various shapes and hollow nanoshells of various sizes. For the sub-150 nm particles investigated here, the sensitivity of the peak scattering wavelength, λ*, to refractive index, n, is found to increase linearly with peak wavelength. The refractive index sensitivities of scattering peak location, thus, are found to have the same dependence upon peak position as was previously observed to characterize the sensitivities of extinction peak position. Whereas the plasmon bands of solid nanospheres display peak scattering at longer wavelengths than the wavelengths of peak extinction, the scattering and extinction peaks of high aspect ratio particles of comparable sizes have scattering and extinction spectra that are more closely overlapping. Thus, for these particles, band position sensitivities are independent both of the nature of the spectral measurement and the particle shape, except through shape control of the location of the resonance. Using an analytical expression for the sensitivity of peak wavelength to index of refraction of the medium that captures the dependence of the sensitivity upon the slope of the real part, e', of the particle dielectric function as a function of wavelength, the peak wavelength dependences of the sensitivities were characterized in terms of parameters derived from both linear and quadratic fits to e' in the visible wavelength range. Comparison of sensitivities determined by electrodynamic simulation with the predictions based upon these two dielectric function models indicates that sensitivity estimates based upon linear fit parameters provided better estimates of the sensitivities of plasmon bands in the visible than do estimates based upon quadratic fits appropriate to true Drude metals. The bulk refractive index sensitivities presented here serve as upper bounds to sensitivities of nanoparticles on dielectric substrates and sensitivities of nanoparticles to local refractive index changes, such as those associated with biomolecule sensing.
Demyelinating Peripheral Neurophaty and Graves Disease in an Adolescent with Crohn's Disease 428

Demyelinating Peripheral Neurophaty and Graves Disease in an Adolescent with Crohn's Disease 428
Dissociation of Ozonide in Water

The free energy of bond dissociation for ozonide ion radical is found to be lowered in aqueous solution by about 20 kcal/mol relative to that in the gas phase, based on electronic structure calculations. Explicit treatment of anion−water clusters indicates that the stronger hydrogen bonds to first-shell water molecules formed by O- relative to O3- account for much of the lowering. Reaction field methods show that nonspecific electrostatic polarization of the bulk solvent further contributes noticeably to the lowering. The study clearly demonstrates that the aqueous free energy of ozonide bond dissociation is small, and probably endothermic. Our best semitheoretical prediction of the actual value is 5 ± 5 kcal/mol.
The existence of doubly resolvable ( v , 3, 2)-BIBDs

Abstract A Kirkman square with index λ, latinicity μ, block size κ, and ν points, a KSκ(ν; μ, λ), is a t × t array ( t = λ(ν − 1) μ(κ − 1) ) defined on a ν-set V such that (1) every point of V is contained in precisely μ cells of each row and column, (2) each cell of the array is either empty or contains a κ-subset of V, and (3) the collection of blocks obtained from the non-empty cells of the array is a (ν, κ, λ)-BIBD. For μ = 1, the existence of a KSκ(ν; μ, λ) is equivalent to the existence of a doubly resolvable (ν, κ, λ)-BIBD. The spectrum of KS2(ν; 1, 1) or Room squares was completed by Mullin and Wallis in 1975. In this paper, we determine the spectrum of KS3(ν; 1, 2) or DR(ν, 3, 2)-BIBDs with at present six possible exceptions for ν.
Gamma and Delta Neural Oscillations and Association with Clinical Symptoms under Subanesthetic Ketamine

Several electrical neural oscillatory abnormalities have been associated with schizophrenia, although the underlying mechanisms of these oscillatory problems are unclear. Animal studies suggest that one of the key mechanisms of neural oscillations is through glutamatergic regulation; therefore, neural oscillations may provide a valuable animal-clinical interface on studying glutamatergic dysfunction in schizophrenia. To identify glutamatergic control of neural oscillation relevant to human subjects, we studied the effects of ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist that can mimic some clinical aspects of schizophrenia, on auditory-evoked neural oscillations using a paired-click paradigm. This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study of ketamine vs saline infusion on 10 healthy subjects. Clinically, infusion of ketamine in subanesthetic dose significantly increased thought disorder, withdrawal-retardation, and dissociative symptoms. Ketamine significantly augmented high-frequency oscillations (gamma band at 40-85 Hz, p=0.006) and reduced low-frequency oscillations (delta band at 1-5 Hz, p<0.001) compared with placebo. Importantly, the combined effect of increased gamma and reduced delta frequency oscillations was significantly associated with more withdrawal-retardation symptoms experienced during ketamine administration (p=0.02). Ketamine also reduced gating of the theta-alpha (5-12 Hz) range oscillation, an effect that mimics previously described deficits in schizophrenia patients and their first-degree relatives. In conclusion, acute ketamine appeared to mimic some aspects of neural oscillatory deficits in schizophrenia, and showed an opposite effect on scalp-recorded gamma vs low-frequency oscillations. These electrical oscillatory indexes of subanesthetic ketamine can be potentially used to cross-examine glutamatergic pharmacological effects in translational animal and human studies.
Role of the ventromedial hypothalamus in prolactin-induced hyperphagia in ring doves.

Prolactin (PRL) strongly stimulates feeding activity and body weight gain in ring doves, and of the brain loci tested to date, the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the most effective site of PRL action in promoting these changes. To determine if the VMH is essential for this response, we examined the effects of VMN destruction on spontaneous feeding and on changes in food intake induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of PRL. Male birds were selectively destroyed by radiofrequency lesions (n = 6). A group of sham-lesioned males (n = 6) served as controls. Lesioned birds exhibited a transient increase in food intake that peaked around the seventh postoperative day and declined to baseline levels by day 12. In contrast to this pattern, body weights of lesioned birds increased in parallel with food intake, but remained elevated throughout the 3-week postoperative period. During the peak period of hyperphagia in the lesioned group, food intake and body weight increases were two to three times greater in lesioned birds than in controls. After postoperative feed intake had stabilized, each bird received 5 daily i.c.v. injections of ovine PRL. Food intake and body weight increased dramatically in both groups in response to PRL treatment, and no group differences were observed in response to magnitude. We conclude that VMH destruction strongly perturbs feeding and body weight regulation in doves. However, VMH integrity is not essential for the expression of PRL-induced hyperphagia.
Geometrical Confining Effects in Compression Molding of Co-continuous Polymer Blends

Polymer blending is a versatile method for production of co-continuous porous materials. While numerous studies have been performed to elucidate the thermal annealing effects on the bulk structure, the effect of geometrical confinement is little understood. In the present work, possible effects from geometrical confinement during in-mold annealing were explored. A 50/50 wt.% poly (lactic acid)/polystyrene (PLA/PS) blend was compression molded and annealed between two parallel plates without being confined circumferentially during the compression molding process. Different conditions for geometrical confinement, including varied gap size and compression ratio (initial to final thickness ratio), as well as modified surface properties, were employed. The experimental results indicated that the gap size played a profound role in affecting the structural development; the phase size near the mold surface was smaller than away from the surface. The actual phase structure and the resulting gradient in pore size were further affected by the mold surface properties. Additionally, the compression ratio was found to affect the morphological development especially near the mold surface. At a high compression ratio, a thin layer of PLA was formed immediately during compression. The thickness of this layer either grew or reduced in size depending on the mold surface properties. Understanding of these geometrical confining effects and implementing them in processing may lead to the development of innovative porous materials.
Inhibition of glycosylation of herpes simplex virus glycoproteins: Identification of antigenic and immunogenic partially glycosylated glycopeptides on the cell surface membrane

The surface membranes of cells infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), strain KOS, contain three principal glycoproteins, gC (apparent Mr 129k), gB (apparent Mr 120k), and gD (apparent Mr 58k). Infections carried out in the presence of the glycosylation inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose result in the loss of the mature species with the concurrent appearance of lower-molecular-weight polypeptides which are presumably partially glycosylated forms of the fully processed glycoproteins. Specific immunoprecipitation of radiolabeled cytoplasmic extracts of 2-deoxy-D-glucose-inhibited infections identified partially glycosylated proteins designated DG92, DG88, and DG53, which are antigenically related to the corresponding mature forms gB, gC, and gD. Cell surface radioiodination, in combination with specific immunoprecipitation, revealed that DG88 and DG53 were the principal species transported to the cell surface in 2-deoxy-D-glucose-inhibited infections. DG92 was readily detected in the cytoplasm but not on the plasma membrane. Cells infected with the KOS mutant, syn LD70, did not synthesize glycoprotein gC. In glycosylation-inhibited syn LD70 infections, DG88 was not detected in either the cytoplasm or plasma membrane, demonstrating a genetic relationship between DG88 and gC. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoproteins gC, gB, and gD sensitized infected cells to complement-mediated immune cytolysis. Cells infected in the presence of the inhibitor were sensitized to lysis only by antibody specific for gC and gD. The glycosylation-inhibited cells were insensitive to immunolysis by anti-gB monoclonal antibody. These findings confirm that the glycosylation-deficient forms of gC and gD, but not gB reach the cell surface in the presence of inhibitor and that the inhibitor-induced alterations in glycosylation do not cause a complete loss of antigenicity. Inoculation of mice with syngeneic 3T3 cells infected in the presence or absence of inhibitor-induced cytolytic and neutralizing antibody. A major portion of the cytolytic antibody was directed against gC, but anti-gC antibody appeared to play a minor role in virus neutralization. While the serum induced by the control infected cells contained precipitating antibodies for gC, gB, and gD, the serum derived from mice inoculated with inhibitor-treated infected cells had only weak immunoprecipitating activity against gB. Together, these findings have identified partially glycosylated forms of the major HSV glycoproteins and show that complete glycosylation is not required for transport of some of these partially glycosylated polypeptides to the cell surface. Moreover, complete glycosylation of the glycopeptides is not essential for maintenance of antigenicity or immunogenicity, indicating that at least some determinants recognized by antibodies directed against the mature glycoproteins are not affected by 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced carbohydrate alterations.
An integrative, multi-factor conceptualization of hypnosis.

(2005). An Integrative, Multi-Factor Conceptualization of Hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 48, No. 2-3, pp. 131-135.
Extrapair paternity, inclusive fitness, and within‐group benefits of helping in western bluebirds

In central coastal California, USA, 3–16% of western bluebird (Sialia mexicana) pairs have adult male helpers at the nest. Demographic data on a colour-ringed population over a 13-year period indicate that helpers gain a small indirect fitness benefit through increases in the number of young fledged from nests of close kin. A small proportion of adult helpers (16%) that were able to breed and help simultaneously had higher annual inclusive fitness than males that only bred. These males comprised such a minor proportion of helpers that the mean fitness of helpers was still lower than the mean fitness of independent breeders. We used DNA fingerprinting to determine whether extrapair fertilizations alter within-group benefits enough to tip the balance in favour of helping behaviour. Overall, 19% of 207 offspring were sired by males other than their social father and extrapair fertilizations occurred in 45% of 51 nests. Intraspecific brood parasitism was rare so that mean mother-nestling relatedness approximated the expected value of 0.5. Extrapair paternity reduced putative father-offspring relatedness to 0.38. Mean helper-nestling relatedness was 0.41 for helpers assisting one or both parents and 0.28 for helpers aiding their brothers. Helpers rarely sired offspring in the nests at which they helped. Helping was not conditional on paternity and helpers were not significantly more closely related to offspring in their parents’ nests than to offspring in their own nests. Although helpers may derive extracurricular benefits if helping increases their own or their father's opportunities for extrapair fertilizations, within-nest inclusive fitness benefits of helping do not compensate males for failing to breed. Breeding failure and constraints on breeding are the most likely explanations for why most helpers help.
Resonant two-electron excitation in copper

We present a calculation of the photoabsorption and photoemission cross sections of atomic copper in the neighborhood of the $3p$ threshold employing a time-dependent self-consistent-field approximation amended to include self-energy corrections necessary for a proper description of core-hole Auger decay. The calculated spectrum includes a contribution from a shake-up satellite in the two-particle spectrum which becomes resonant at the $3p\ensuremath{-}4s$ transition energy and is in good agreement with available absorption data. We present the relevant partial cross sections in the one-particle spectrum and include a brief discussion of the absorption above the $3p$ threshold with regard to the requirements of self-consistency.
Collider phenomenology of technihadrons in the technicolor straw man model

We discuss the phenomenology of the lightest SU(3)C singlet and non-singlet technihadrons in the Straw Man Model of low-scale technicolor (TCSM). The technihadrons are assumed to be those arising in topcolor–assisted technicolor models in which topcolor is broken by technifermion condensates. We improve upon the description of the color–singlet sector presented in our earlier paper introducing the TCSM (hep-ph/9903369). These improvements are most important √   
Puritanism and the Spirit of Capitalism

Calvinism as an historical movement was exceedingly complex. It was a phenomenon in which theology, economic theory, political philosophy, and a general cultural orientation were inextricably mixed and applied in an intense effort to refashion society into a Holy Commonwealth. In attempting to interpret this movement, as Sidney E. Mead has pointed out, “one is always in danger either of trying to do complete justice to the complexity and landing in a confusing incoherence and lack of clarity, or of seizing upon one interpretative theme in the interest of clarity and landing in over-simplification.” Most of the discussions of Calvinism, in any or all of its various manifestations, have avoided the first alternative—falling into the morass of confusion and incoherence—but many have succumbed to the second—an over-simplification that is definitely misleading.
Regulation of Ca2+Signaling by Na+Pump Alpha-2 Subunit Expression

The role of the Na(+) pump alpha2 subunit in Ca(2+) signaling was examined in primary cultured astrocytes from wild type (WT) mouse fetuses and those with a null mutation in one (Het) or both (KO) alpha2 genes. Cytosol Na(+) and Ca(2+) concentrations ([Na(+)](CYT) and [Ca(2+)](CYT)) were measured with benzofuran isophthalate (SBFI) and Fura-2. Het astrocytes express approximately 50% of normal alpha2; KO cells express none. Resting [Na(+)](CYT) = 6.5 mM in WT, 6.8 mM in Het, and 8.0 mM in KO cells; 500 nM ouabain (which inhibits only alpha2) equalized [Na(+)](CYT) at 8 mM in all genotypes. Resting [Ca(2+)](CYT) = 132 nM in WT, 162 nM in Het and 196 nM in KO cells. Cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), which inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca(2+) pumps, induces elevation of [Ca(2+)]CYT. These Ca(2+) responses are augmented in Het and KO cells. This correlates with alpha2 Na(+) pump and Na(+)/Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) localization in plasma membrane (PM) microdomains that overlie the ER. Selective reduction of alpha2 Na(+) pump activity apparently elevates local [Na(+)] and, via NCX, [Ca(2+)] in the tiny cytosolic space between the PM and ER. This augments adjacent ER Ca(2+) stores and amplifies Ca(2+) signaling without elevating bulk [Na(+)](CYT).
Morphogenetic Movements in Embryos of the Holostean Fish, Amia calva: A Progress Report

Knowledge of the embryonic morphogenetic movements of any group of vertebrates must be explored by experimental means in order to answer the questions and correct the errors left over from simply watching development or studying a series of stages in serial sections. The holostean fishes are among numerous important groups of vertebrates that have not previously been explored by the newer cell-marking techniques. Because of superficial resemblances of the epibolic blastodisc and yolk plug of the Amia embryo to those of amphibia, earlier reports usually postulated for this species an invagination of cells over a dorsal lip. Vital staining of the surface cells calls this into question, showing that most if not all of the mesoderm and endoderm is formed from originally internal cells without contribution from the outer layers that form the general ectoderm and the nervous system. The prostomal thickening, a cluster of cells under the so-called dorsal lip, was earlier considered to arise from various sources and seen as the agent which formed more or less of the endoderm by a process called invagination. Evidence is presented that the prostomal thickening is not a constant feature in Amia embryos, when present has not been derived from the embryo's external epithelial covering, and has little if anything to do with formation of the endoderm.