cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Formalizing the Notion of Stability

Suppose a train proceeds down a track toward its destination. Suppose the remaining distance to its destination is always decreasing by at least 100 km/hr so long as the train is at least 10 km from its destination. Suppose the initial distance from the train to the destination is 510 km. The reader can no doubt appreciate that the train can take at most five hours before lying within 10 km of its destination. This simple idea could readily be extended to other dimensions, say the three-dimensional rendezvous of a spacecraft with a manned satellite. The details of motion are unknown and unneeded; yet the conclusion is obvious.
The shape of the hazard function: Does the generalized gamma have the last word?

This paper compares the five-parameter beta generalized gamma (BGG) distribution to the three-parameter generalized gamma (GG). Both distributions include the four standard hazard shapes that we be...
Crafting Production: Design Build as Alternative Practice

Academically driven design-build is an alternative—and even subversive—way to build, incorporating social needs, political will, and a novice yet ideological workforce. The ramifications of Modernism and the opportunities and liabilities of the postindustrial context have created ideal conditions for academically driven design-build efforts to thrive. Today's design-build agent selectively engages high- and low-tech means in the service of a bigger agenda, understanding architecture as a social production as much as a technological one. For the case study presented here, issues of social justice and community-oriented design become key motivations for the production of architecture through a messy but rich partnership of students, faculty, community leaders, city officials, and construction professionals.
Diagonal Tension Field Inclination Angle in Steel Plate Shear Walls

AbstractResearch was conducted to investigate how the inclination angle of the diagonal tension field action varies in steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) and to determine what optimum constant angle b...
Replication of diffractive optics

In recent years surface-relief Diffractive Optical Elements (DOEs), a specialized class of diffractive optical elements, have revolutionized design of optical systems and instruments. Surface-relief diffractive optical components improve performance of the existing optical systems and increase systems compactness and reliability. Surface-relief DOEs can be fabricated as multilevel binary optical elements, or as continuous surface-relief optical elements. A surface-relief DOE is being designed such that incident light interacts with the topography of the surface-relief microstructure including the size and shape characteristics of surface profile features such as indentations and projections as well as their dimensional relationship, to perform a desired optical function. Binary optical elements are being made by the same microlithographic and ion etching techniques used to produce VLSI circuits. Computer-generated continuous surface-relief DOE is recorded by direct laser-beam or e-beam writing in photoresist. Continuous surface-relief DOE can be also recorded in photoresist by interferometric (holographic) technique. After development recorded in photoresist surface-relief microstructures are being ion-beam etched into quartz or other inorganic optical substrates.
Sulfur as an Acceptor to Bromine in Biomolecular Halogen Bonds

The halogen bond (X-bond) has become an important design element in chemistry, including medicinal chemistry and biomolecular engineering. Although oxygen is the most prevalent and best characterized X-bond acceptor in biomolecules, the interaction is seen with nitrogen, sulfur, and aromatic systems as well. In this study, we characterize the structure and thermodynamics of a Br···S X-bond between a 5-bromouracil base and a phosphorothioate in a model DNA junction. The single-crystal structure of the junction shows the geometry of the Br···S to be variable, while calorimetric studies show that the anionic S acceptor is comparable to or slightly more stable than the analogous O acceptor, with a −3.5 kcal/mol difference in ΔΔH25°C and −0.4 kcal/mol ΔΔG25°C (including an entropic penalty ΔΔS25°C of −10 cal/(mol K)). Thus sulfur is shown to be a favorable acceptor for bromine X-bonds, extending the application of this interaction for the design of inhibitors and biological materials.
A Better Future (A Survival Guide)

By considering past ethics-related scandals, one sees that even well-meaning professionals are not immune to damaging accusations. The methods for preventing and surviving accusations of ethics violations are varied. Foremost is staying competent and operating within a code of conduct for one’s profession. Beyond professional competence, ethics training, consultation with advisors, knowing the applicable laws, and developing protocols to follow should be considered. When one is accused, a clear and honest defense will be required. Documentation of training and getting early advice from others that understand your situation are helpful. In some cases media training is advised. Staying abreast of changes in one’s profession and preventing ethics-related problems are part of what makes a professional career satisfying and rewarding.
Proceedings of the 3rd ACM Workshop on System-level Virtualization for High Performance Computing

The emergence of virtualization enabled hardware, such as the latest generation AMD and Intel processors, has raised significant interest in High Performance Computing (HPC) community. In particular, system-level virtualization provides an opportunity to advance the design and development of operating systems, programming environments, administration practices, and resource management tools. This leads to some potential research topics for HPC, such as failure tolerance, system management, and solution for application porting to new HPC platforms. The workshop on System-level Virtualization for HPC (HPCVirt 2009) is intended to be a forum for the exchange of ideas and experiences on the use of virtualization technologies for HPC, the challenges and opportunities offered by the development of system-level virtualization solutions themselves, as well as case studies in the application of system-level virtualization in HPC.
Propagation of sub-atmospheric methyl formate flames

Abstract Laminar flame speeds of methyl formate/air mixtures were measured at sub-atmospheric pressures for which limited data exist. The experiments were carried out in the counterflow configuration at an unburned mixture temperature of 333 K. The flow velocities were measured using particle image velocimetry. Particle phase slip correction was applied to low-pressure data sets for which the density disparity between the flow tracers and the gaseous phase is notable. The data were modeled using two recently developed kinetic models of methyl formate oxidation, and significant disagreements were realized at all pressures especially under fuel-rich conditions. Additionally, the computed species profiles of CO and CO2 in the burner-stabilized flame configuration using the two models were found to differ significantly. Reaction path analysis revealed that the kinetics of CH2OCHO that is produced directly from the fuel affects the overall reactivity, and the attendant rate constants differ between the two models. The variation of laminar flame speed with pressure revealed also a different behavior between experiments and simulations. Further insight into the sources causing the observed discrepancies were investigated and it was determined that reactions involving formyl radical, methanol, and formaldehyde could also be responsible for the reduction in reactivity specifically under fuel-rich conditions.
INDUCTION OF MICROTUBULE ASSEMBLY IN SITU FROM UNPOLYMERIZED TUBULIN POOLS IN SV40 TRANSFORMED 3T3 CELLS

ABSTRACT Many types of cultured cells contain an elaborate network of cytoplasmic microtubules which associate with the centrosome and radiate out toward the cell periphery. This array of cytoskeletal filaments is referred to as the cytoplasmic microtubule complex (CMTC) and has been reported to be diminished in many transformed cells. Addition of cAMP has been shown to restore the normal cytoskeletal phenotype. Following lysis of SV40 transformed cells with the non-ionic detergent Brij-58, endogenous tubulin is retained within the cells and subsequent incubation of these cells in microtubule assembly buffer results in the formation of an enhanced CMTC. In this system, the presence of cAMP, nucleotide triphosphates and protein synthesis do not appear to be required for microtubule assembly. Ca ++ (100 uM) inhibits assembly and cAMP plus ATP appears to produce an opposing effect on this inhibition. The implications of these results in understanding the mechanism of altered microtubule assembly in transformed cells are discussed and previous findings concerning the effects of transformation on cytoplasmic microtubules are reviewed.
Heuristics for identification of acronym-definition patterns within text: Towards an automated construction of comprehensive acronym-definition dictionaries

Objectives: To develop an automated, accurate and scalable method by which acronym-definition pairs can be identified within text. Its primary advantage is in enabling information processing methods to resolve author-defined acronyms, but it also allows an automated creation of a reference work on acronym definitions. This has several advantages over manual or semi-automated methods, besides time and effort saved, such as enabling identification of relative frequencies for alternate acronyms and definitions as well as spelling, phrasing and hyphenation variants for a unique acronym-definition pair. It also aids users in identifying acronym/ definition variants present in the literature that may not necessarily be in biomedical databases. Methods: A set of heuristics to accurately locate and identify the boundaries of acronym-definition pairs was developed and refined in terms of precision and recall on subsets of MEDLINE records. These training sets were gradually increased in size and heuristics re-evaluated to ensure scalability. Results: Our final set of Acronym Resolving General Heuris-tics (ARGH) had a sample-based estimated rate of 96.5 ± 0.4% precision and 93.0 ± 2.7% recall when tested on over 12 million MEDLINE records, identifying more than 174,000 unique acronyms and their 737,000 associated definitions. Conclusions: We estimate that as much as 36% of the acronyms in MEDLINE are associated with more than one definition and, conversely, up to 10% of definitions are associated with more than one acronym. The number of unique acronyms in MEDLINE is increasing at a rate of approximately 11,000 per year, while the number of definitions associated with them is growing at approximately four times that rate. Access to the ARGH database is available online at http://lethargy.swmed.edu/ARGH/ argh.asp. The heuristic module and database are available upon request.
Amoeboid motility and actin in Ascaris lumbricoides sperm.

Abstract The amoeboid motility of spermatozoa from the nematode Ascaris lumbricoides observed in vitro is described. Pseudopodial movements and filopodial extensions occur rhythmically with a period of about 18 sec. A small fraction of spermatozoa translocate in the direction of the extending pseudopod at velocities up to 11 μm/min. Immunofluorescence demonstrates that actin is localized in the pseudopodia where many microfilaments are found, but gel electrophoresis of sperm protein reveals that actin is only about 0.5% of the cell's protein. Sperm movements are unaffected by cytochalasin D. Attempts to measure sperm actin by DNAse I inhibition were unsuccessful because an activity in sperm prevents the inhibition of DNAse by purified actin.
Co-Utilization of Flue-Gas Desulfurization and Organic by-Products for Mine Reclamation

Co-utilization of by-product materials in mine reclamation represents a potential double benefit to society because the materials are diverted from the solid waste stream and utilized to restore degraded landscapes. Several experiments have been conducted or are in progress to investigate minespoil amendment with flue gas desulfurization (FGD) byproducts, yard waste compost, and sewage sludge as an alternative to resoiling in abandoned mined land reclamation. We found that interactions between these materials influenced the solubility and mobility of major labile elements in FGD (Ca, Mg, S) and in the spoil (Al, Fe), which in turn affected plant growth.
From Whole Earth to the Whole Web

From Counterculture to Cyberculture . Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. By Fred Turner . University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2006. 353 pp. $29, £18.50. ISBN 9780226817415. The author describes how interplay between cold war technology and hippie communalism led to the Whole Earth Catalog , the WELL, Wired , and the open world of the Internet.
Lights Out: Climate Change Risk to Internet Infrastructure

In this paper we consider the risks to Internet infrastructure in the US due to sea level rise. Our study is based on sea level incursion projections from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [12] and Internet infrastructure deployment data from Internet Atlas [24]. We align the data formats and assess risks in terms of the amount and type of infrastructure that will be under water in different time intervals over the next 100 years. We find that 4,067 miles of fiber conduit will be under water and 1,101 nodes (e.g., points of presence and colocation centers) will be surrounded by water in the next 15 years. We further quantify the risks of sea level rise by defining a metric that considers the combination of geographic scope and Internet infrastructure density. We use this metric to examine different regions and find that the New York, Miami, and Seattle metropolitan areas are at highest risk. We also quantify the risks to individual service provider infrastructures and find that CenturyLink, Inteliquent, and AT&T are at highest risk. While it is difficult to project the impact of countermeasures such as sea walls, our results suggest the urgency of developing mitigation strategies and alternative infrastructure deployments.
The Scribe of 1QS, 1QSa, 1QSb, 4Q53 (4QSamc), 4Q175 and Three Features of Orthography and Phonology

That a single scribe copied 1QS, 1QSa, 1QSb, 4Q53 (4QSamc), 4Q175 is commonly recognized. However, what has not been emphasized previously is that certain orthographic / phonological idiosyncrasies appear prominently, if not exclusively, in only one of these texts, 1QS, even though these idiosyncrasies would seem to be involuntary and, for this reason, should appear evenly distributed throughout the texts. Instead, one finds the greatest correspondence in type and concentration in 1QIsaa, though this was copied by different scribes. The three idiosyncratic features studied are the Aramaic והי- suffix on plural nouns, the he in the prefix of hiphil yiqṭol verbs, and the interchange of gutturals.
Enhanced phosphorylation of T153 in soluble tau is a defining biochemical feature of the A152T tau risk variant.

Pathogenic mutations in the tau gene (microtubule associated protein tau, MAPT) are linked to the onset of tauopathy, but the A152T variant is unique in acting as a risk factor for a range of disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). In order to provide insight into the mechanism by which A152T modulates disease risk, we developed a novel mouse model utilizing somatic brain transgenesis with adeno-associated virus (AAV) to drive tau expression in vivo, and validated the model by confirming the distinct biochemical features of A152T tau in postmortem brain tissue from human carriers. Specifically, TauA152T-AAV mice exhibited increased tau phosphorylation that unlike animals expressing the pathogenic P301L mutation remained localized to the soluble fraction. To investigate the possibility that the A152T variant might alter the phosphorylation state of tau on T152 or the neighboring T153 residue, we generated a novel antibody that revealed significant accumulation of soluble tau species that were hyperphosphorylated on T153 (pT153) in TauA152T-AAV mice, which were absent the soluble fraction of TauP301L-AAV mice. Providing new insight into the role of A152T in modifying risk of tauopathy, as well as validating the TauA152T-AAV model, we demonstrate that the presence of soluble pT153-positive tau species in human postmortem brain tissue differentiates A152T carriers from noncarriers, independent of disease classification. These results implicate both phosphorylation of T153 and an altered solubility profile in the mechanism by which A152T modulates disease risk.
The Anxiety of Racialized Sexuality in Jean Rhys

" This article centers on Dominican-born Jean Rhys’s novel Good Morning, Midnight (1939). Rhys’s West Indian roots are often referenced and Anglicized both in terms of, and because of, her engagement with Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre (vis-a-vis Wide Sargasso Sea). I argue that Good Morning, Midnight’s protagonist, Sasha Jensen, refracts the uniquely Caribbean experience of dislocation through the modernist aesthetic of detachment. Good Morning, Midnight is the last book in a series of four that Rhys published in a period of eleven years after World War I. The disturbingly ambiguous nature of her characters reveal the complex intersectionality of race and gender in “foreign” bodies and the ways that Rhys searched to recalibrate the discourse of colonial modernism. Jean Rhys’s fiction features disjointed, hybrid, and fractured female characters that seem to lack any type of agency, but are champions of survival. Without discounting Rhys’s seminal contribution to Caribbean women’s literature (largely through Wide Sargasso Sea), her oeuvre demands a deeper engagement. Rhys’s female protagonists refuse to comply with networks of power outside of their control. Their movement signals an implicit critique of unjust hegemonic structures (patriarchal and colonial) and foreshadows recent developments in postcolonial feminist studies. "
Passage Ranking with Weak Supervision

In this paper, we propose a \textit{weak supervision} framework for neural ranking tasks based on the data programming paradigm \citep{Ratner2016}, which enables us to leverage multiple weak supervision signals from different sources. Empirically, we consider two sources of weak supervision signals, unsupervised ranking functions and semantic feature similarities. We train a BERT-based passage-ranking model (which achieves new state-of-the-art performances on two benchmark datasets with full supervision) in our weak supervision framework. Without using ground-truth training labels, BERT-PR models outperform BM25 baseline by a large margin on all three datasets and even beat the previous state-of-the-art results with full supervision on two of the datasets.
Decision-Making Capacity Will Have a Limited Effect on Civil Commitment Practices.

In “Reweighing the Ethical Tradeoffs in the Involuntary Hospitalization of Suicidal Patients,” Borecky, Thomsen, and Dubov (2019) argue that current civil commitment criteria—mentally ill and dange...
Online social support groups for informal caregivers of hospice patients with cancer.

Abstract Purpose Social support is an important factor in reducing caregiver burden , however, accessing social support via traditional means is often challenging for family caregivers of hospice patients. Online support groups may offer an effective solution. The present study sought to understand dynamics of online social support among family and other informal (e.g., friends) caregivers of hospice cancer patients in an online social support group. The primary aim of the study was to identify types of online social support and support-seeking behaviors, with a secondary aim to understand informal hospice caregivers’ preferences for social support. Method Data used in this study were collected as part of a federally funded randomized clinical trial of an informal hospice cancer caregiver support intervention. Findings are based on directed and conventional content analysis of support group members' posts and comments—including text and images—and a sample of caregivers’ exit interviews. Results Analyses demonstrated that the majority of online support provided by group members was emotional support, followed by companionship support, appraisal support, and informational support. Instrumental support was rarely provided. Support was primarily elicited in an indirect manner through self-disclosure and patient updates, with few overt requests for support. Conclusions Findings suggest online social support groups can be a valuable resource for informal caregivers who are in need of emotional support and lack the ability to access face-to-face support groups. Clinical implications of this research to healthcare systems regarding the importance of incorporating nurses and other medical professionals as co-facilitators of online support groups are discussed.
Race and Ethnicity Gaps in Global Hidradenitis Suppurativa Clinical Trials.

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an often-debilitating disease characterized by chronic and recurrent painful nodules, abscesses, and sinus tracts affecting the intertriginous areas. Despite evidence in the literature of varying prevalence of HS among different racial and ethnic groups, no studies have evaluated the overall generalizability of clinical trial results considering the increased prevalence of HS among African American populations. Additionally, there is a paucity of data exploring the distribution of race and ethnicity in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for HS. The goal of this analysis is to explore the distribution of race and ethnicity in recent HS RCTs. Summary: Using ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed, race and ethnicity demographics were extracted from phase II and III trials published from 2000 to August 2019. Fifteen trials were included and among these trials 669 (68.0%) participants were Caucasian and 138 (14.0%) were of African descent. Asians, American Indian or Alaskan Natives, and Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islanders comprised 29 (2.9%), 3 (0.3%), and 1 (0.1%) participant respectively. Only 15 participants were reported as Hispanic as only three trials reported ethnicity data. The remaining 144 (14.6%) participants were recorded as “other/unspecified” (36 self-identified, 108 lacked race reporting). None of the trials included sub-analysis of treatment efficacy based on race or ethnicity.
The Mechanism of How CD95/Fas Activates the Type I IFN/STAT1 Axis, Driving Cancer Stemness in Breast Cancer

CD95/Fas is an apoptosis inducing death receptor. However, it also has multiple nonapoptotic activities that are tumorigenic. Chronic stimulation of CD95 on breast cancer cells can increase their cancer initiating capacity through activation of a type I interferon (IFN-I)/STAT1 pathway when caspases are inhibited. We now show that this activity relies on the canonical components of the CD95 death-inducing signaling complex, FADD and caspase-8, and on the activation of NF-κB. We identified caspase-2 as the antagonistic caspase that downregulates IFN-I production. Once produced, IFN-Is bind to their receptors activating both STAT1 and STAT2 resulting in upregulation of the double stranded (ds)RNA sensor proteins RIG-I and MDA5, and a release of a subset of endogenous retroviruses. Thus, CD95 is part of a complex cell autonomous regulatory network that involves activation of innate immune components that drive cancer stemness and contribute to therapy resistance.
Transitar por las revistas conservadoras en la década de los cincuenta y sesenta del siglo XX: Álvaro Jara, Rolando Mellafe y Sergio Villalobos en el Boletín de la Academia Chilena de la Historia y la revista Historia de la Universidad Católica

En el siguiente trabajo se establece cual fue la posicion que adoptaron dos revistas de corte conservador, el Bolet in de la Academia Chilena de la Historia y la revista Historia , mientras fueron dirigidas por Jaime Eyzaguirre, sobre un grupo de investigadores que se formaron en el Instituto Pedagogico de la Universidad de Chile: Alvaro Jara, Rolando Mellafe y Sergio Villalobos, los tres asociados con influencias de la escuela francesa de los Annales . Se sostiene que estos jovenes fueron promovidos por la primera y que, en la segunda, si bien no publicaron nada, fueron resenadas sus obras mas seneras, demostrando con ello que no hubo una relacion “en permanente conflicto” entre ambos sectores de la historiografia chilena.
Plant Origin and Other Attributes Impact Bee Forage Patterns in a Common Garden Study in Maine, United States; Part II.

In a common garden study in Maine from 2012 to 2015, we used two bee species (Apis mellifera L. and Bombus ternarius Say (1837)) and three field-recognizable bee categories (‘Most Bombus', ‘Halictidae’, and ‘Other Bees') plus an ‘All Bees' data aggregation to compare 17 native and 68 introduced plant taxa. Data were from three 1-min timed periods per flowering plant taxon on a given day at a site. We observed 17,792 bees and found that their response varied by bee species or group. Using mixed models to analyze our data, we found that native bees had higher visitation rates on native plants, while A. mellifera visited both native and introduced plants. Most groups visited native late-flowering and native mid-late-flowering plants at higher rates. ‘All Bees’ were attracted to native perennials (vs annuals and shrubs) and to tall plants, both native and introduced; A. mellifera was attracted to introduced perennials, to introduced tall plants, and to lower-growing native plants. Asclepias tuberosa L. elicited a strong response from B. ternarius. In only two of six pairs of wild types and cultivars, bees visited wild types more. Plants with long bloom periods and with small, densely arranged white flowers attracted higher bee visitation than did other configurations (e.g., Origanum vulgare L., one of our most attractive taxa). A general linear model showed that linear combinations of flower density, floral resource height, flower corolla depth, and flowering duration explained significant variation in visitation rates for each of the different bee taxa groups.
Multiple system atrophy pathology is associated with primary Sjögren’s syndrome

BACKGROUNDOur objective was to investigate whether primary Sjogren's syndrome (pSS) is associated with multiple system atrophy (MSA).METHODSWe performed a retrospective cohort study assessing (a) rates of MSA in a cohort of patients with pSS and (b) rates of pSS in a cohort of patients with MSA. These data were compared with rates in respective control groups. We additionally reviewed the neuropathologic findings in 2 patients with pSS, cerebellar degeneration, parkinsonism, and autonomic dysfunction.RESULTSOur cohort of 308 patients with pSS had a greater incidence of MSA compared with 4 large population-based studies and had a significantly higher prevalence of at least probable MSA (1% vs. 0%, P = 0.02) compared with 776 patients in a control cohort of patients with other autoimmune disorders. Our cohort of 26 autopsy-proven patients with MSA had a significantly higher prevalence of pSS compared with a cohort of 115 patients with other autopsy-proven neurodegenerative disorders (8% vs. 0%, P = 0.03). The 2 patients we described with pSS and progressive neurodegenerative disease showed classic MSA pathology at autopsy.CONCLUSIONOur findings provide evidence for an association between MSA and pSS that is specific to both pSS, among autoimmune disorders, and MSA, among neurodegenerative disorders. The 2 cases we describe of autopsy-proven MSA support that MSA pathology can explain neurologic disease in a subset of patients with pSS. These findings together support the hypothesis that systemic autoimmune disease plays a role in neurodegeneration.FUNDINGThe Michigan Brain Bank is supported in part through NIH grant P30AG053760.
An expectancy theory perspective of volunteerism: the roles of powerlessness, attitude toward charitable organizations, and attitude toward helping others

The attraction and retention of volunteers are vital components to the operation of a nonprofit organization (NPO). Understanding the motivations of volunteers is an important step to recruiting and retaining them. To add to our understanding of volunteer motivation, this research seeks to contribute to the nonprofit literature by applying an updated version of Vroom’s (1964) expectancy theory of motivation to volunteerism to determine whether individuals who regularly volunteer and who volunteer in groups feel less powerlessness and have more positive attitudes toward charitable organizations and toward helping others. Analysis of 210 surveyed consumers in a metropolitan area of approximately one million people in the midwestern U.S. found that individuals that volunteer on a regular, ongoing basis have significantly more positive attitudes toward charitable organizations and toward helping others in general. The results also indicated that individuals that volunteered as part of a group held more positive attitudes toward charitable organizations. Implications of these findings, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are provided.
The Versatility of Sirtuin-1 in Endocrinology and Immunology.

Sirtuins belong to the class III family of NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (HDAC) and are involved in diverse physiological processes that range from regulation of metabolism and endocrine function to coordination of immunity and cellular responses to stress. Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) is the most well-studied family member and has been shown to be critically involved in epigenetics, immunology, and endocrinology. The versatile roles of SIRT1 include regulation of energy sensing metabolic homeostasis, deacetylation of histone and non-histone proteins in numerous tissues, neuro-endocrine regulation via stimulation of hypothalamus-pituitary axes, synthesis and maintenance of reproductive hormones via steroidogenesis, maintenance of innate and adaptive immune system via regulation of T- and B-cell maturation, chronic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Moreover, SIRT1 is an appealing target in various disease contexts due to the promise of pharmacological and/or natural modulators of SIRT1 activity within the context of endocrine and immune-related disease models. In this review we aim to provide a broad overview on the role of SIRT1 particularly within the context of endocrinology and immunology.
Brain-STORM: A deep learning model for computationally fast transient high-rise fire simulations

Abstract This paper presents a deep learning model for quickly predicting the temporal evolution of smoke, temperature, and pressure during a high-rise fire scenario. The deep learning model, titled Brain-STORM, serves as a fast and accurate surrogate model of Fire-STORM, a previously developed physics-based fire model. To build the training set, a Gaussian process generative model is used to produce randomly drawn simulation inputs that are designed to resemble potential use cases. These inputs are run in Fire-STORM and the results are used to train Brain-STORM to predict the output that Fire-STORM would produce for new input cases. Once trained, Brain-STORM produces nearly identical results to Fire-STORM and runs over 100 times faster. To evaluate the accuracy of Brain-STORM for realistic use cases, Fire-STORM and Brain-STORM results are compared for multiple cases involving heat release rate curves that are not present in the training set. These curves include a t-squared fire ramp and a fire ramp from NIST's single office workstation fire tests. Finally, given that Brain-STORM can learn inverse mappings directly, the utility of Brain-STORM as a fast heat release rate inversion tool is evaluated.
Models and materials for exercise promotion in comprehensive multiple sclerosis care: completion of the 'exercise in medicine' development process.

Purpose Health care providers have highlighted the need for tools and resources that support promotion of exercise behavior within comprehensive multiple sclerosis (MS) care. This study involved a final quality improvement evaluation of exercise promotion models and materials for inclusion within this setting. Methods and materials Our research team distributed a paper-based survey containing Likert scales, open answer questions, and copies of the models for editing. We distributed this survey among health care providers across the United States. We conducted a novel mixed-methods analysis evaluating quantitative, qualitative, and creative data. Results We received completed surveys from 13 health care providers who strongly rated the clarity and applicability of the models and materials, and reported that no major improvements were necessary. The minor improvements were specific per comprehensive MS care center. The feedback indicated that the "Exercise in Medicine" models and materials are guides such that the processes should be integrated into real world practice by amending roles and responsibilities with the team members and structure per comprehensive MS care center. Conclusion This paper presents finalized models and materials for exercise promotion within comprehensive MS care that are ready to be tested for feasibility and efficacy in a clinical trial.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONHealth care providers require support to promote exercise within the context of comprehensive MS care.The practice models in this article provide guides regarding how to promote exercise in this context.Implementing these exercise promotion guides can reduce the burden of neurologists, and ensure patients receive exercise support from appropriate providers.These guides should be implemented within the context of each individual care center, and not as an explicit step by step guide as each care center is unique.
Timing of bone marrow transplantation in therapy of Hodgkin's disease.

Thirty years ago, few patients with advanced Hodgkin’s disease could expect to be alive and free of disease 5 years from the time of diagnosis [1]. Now at least 50% of such patients can expect to be cured using frontline combination chemotherapy regimens [2–7]. Nonetheless, a substantial proportion of patients remain who either fail to achieve an initial remission or who relapse after attaining a remission. These patients have a poor outlook without effective salvage therapy.
Diversion of Offenders with Mental Illness: Recent Legislative Reforms

In “Diversion of Offenders with Mental Illness”, Professor Brian Shannon explores the problems relating to offenders with mental illness in the criminal justice system in Texas. The Texas Mental Health Code imposes straight regulations on when offenders can be transported for and receive mental health treatment. According to Professor Shannon, several changes have been made to improve treatment of offenders with mental illness. Professor Shannon discusses the 1995 Amendments to the Mental Health Code, the 1993 revisions to the Code of Criminal Procedure, and Article 17.032 of the Code of Criminal Procedure. Additionally, he talks about the enhanced privileges given to judges to place offenders in community supervision. Professor Shannon concludes by encouraging judges, prosecutors and law enforcement officials to work with mental health officials to ensure that appropriate measures are being taken to protect offenders with mental illness.
Alcohol Advertising in Magazines and Readership Demographics: Do Adolescents Matter for Regulation?

This paper examines the empirical relationship between alcohol advertising placements in magazines and adolescent readership. Poisson and negative binomial regressions are applied to count data on cumulative placements by beverage for 35 major magazines during the years 1997-2001. The results indicate that demographics other than youth readership determine the placement of alcohol advertisements in magazines. Beer and distilled spirits advertisers tend to favor magazines read by young adults, blacks, and males, but not adolescents. Wine advertisers tend to favor magazines read by older adults and higher-income adults, but not adolescents. Comparing alternative specifications and econometric models, the results fail to support direct or indirect targeting of adolescent readers. The empirical results are applied to regulatory issues as guided by Supreme Court decisions on commercial speech.
DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONTROL/QUALITY ASSURANCE SPECIFICATIONS BY USING STATISTICAL QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS IN CALIFORNIA

Since 1992, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has been working to improve quality in construction contracting and ultimately the quality of the product provided to the public. In 1996, Caltrans implemented quality control/quality assurance (QC/QA) specifications for asphalt concrete paving. These specifications require contractor QC and provide rewards or penalties based on statistical quality analysis of eight quality characteristics. These specifications were developed through a joint Caltrans/industry group and are supplemented with a QC manual. They were introduced through presentations to user/producer groups, appointment of district QC/QA coordinators, and training for engineers. In March 1996 the first project using QC/QA specifications for asphalt concrete went to bid and in the first year six projects were completed with them. Early projects were for the most part successful. Throughout 1996-1997, the specifications, the QC manual, and the implementation program were reviewed...
Glucocorticoid-induced formation of tight junctions in mouse mammary epithelial cells in vitro.

Phenotypically stable cultures of untransformed mouse mammary epithelial cells (denoted 31EG4) were established and utilized to investigate the lactogenic hormone (glucocorticoids, insulin, and prolactin) regulation of tight junction formation. When 31EG4 cells were grown on permeable supports for 4 days in medium containing the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone and insulin, confluent cell monolayers obtained a transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) of 1000-3000 omega.cm2. In contrast, over the same time period, confluent monolayers treated with insulin or insulin and prolactin maintained a low TER (35-150 omega.cm2). Consistent with the formation of tight junctions, apical to basolateral paracellular permeability was decreased from 12% to 1% for [14C]mannitol and 3.3% to 0.3% for [3H]inulin when cells were cultured in dexamethasone. This effect of dexamethasone on TER required extracellular calcium, de novo protein synthesis, dose-dependently correlated with glucocorticoid receptor occupancy, and was not due to an increase in cell density. As shown by direct and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, dexamethasone treatment did not modulate the production or location of filamentous actin, the tight junction protein ZO-1, or the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin. Our results suggest that glucocorticoids play a fundamental role in the function and maintenance of cell-cell contact in the mammary epithelia by inducing the formation of tight junctions.
Detection of gastritis by 99mTc-labeled red-blood-cell scintigraphy

Gastritis is a common condition, with a variety of causes, that is diagnosed most often by barium upper gastrointestinal tract series or endoscopy. The authors report a case in which gastritis without active bleeding was apparent in scintiscans obtained during the evaluation of GI bleeding using /sup 99m/Tc-labeled red blood cells (TcRBC). The scintigraphic findings that suggest gastritis are described.
A hydrodynamical model of bordered pits in conifer tracheids

Abstract Bordered pits are small structures in the cell walls of tracheid xylem cells in plants. Coniferous bordered pits are typified by a closing membrane possessing a torus and margo structure. This paper presents a hydrodynamical model which supports the conjecture that coniferous bordered pits act like valves to fluid flowing in the xylem pathway. By means of an approximate solution and a corresponding stability analysis, the model is shown to permit only flows with flow rates smaller than a certain critical flow rate Q ∗ . Flow rates larger than Q ∗ are shown to be associated with an unstable equilibrium configuration. As a result of this instability, the pit “snaps” shut and stops the flow.
A spectrophotometric investigation of the yellow color that accompanies the formation of furan derivatives in degraded-sugar solutions

Abstract The nature of the yellow color that accompanies the degradation of sugars was investigated by studying the spectral characteristics of the tail-end absorption of yellow samples of 5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and 2-furaldehyde. The spectra of these furan derivatives were compared to those of the parent furan and of colorless benzaldehyde. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the yellow color is due to the formation of y -unsaturated, dicarbonyl compounds during decomposition; the yellow color associated with these dicarbonyl compounds comes from the extension of their minor, broad absorption bands into the violet region of the visible spectrum. These broad bands are hidden under the intense absorption of the carbonyl groups of the unreacted, parent compounds. Thus, the tail-end absorption at the long-wavelength end of the spectra of HMF and 2-furaldehyde belongs to the hidden band.
Facing up: psychotherapists writing about dealing with the idea of one’s own death

This article discusses psychotherapists writing about their own dealings with mortality. It includes a review of select literature with a focus on psychotherapists writing about dealing with the id...
Vibrational spectrum of carbon monoxide chemisorbed on a copper(100) surface

Abstract High resolution electron energy loss spectra have been measured for CO chemisorption on Cu(100) at 100 K. The number of vibrational modes and their frequencies are consistent with a single molecular state of CO on the surface. The loss intensities exhibit a maximum with coverage similar to surface potential measurements.
Promoting Better Choices: Effects of Strategy Training on Achievement and Choice Behavior in Learner-Controlled CBI

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of learning strategy training interventions and the incorporation of learner control on achievement, learning efficiency, and instructional ...
Serum prostate-specific antigen elevation in the post-radical prostatectomy patient

The management of postprostatectomy serum prostate-specific antigen elevation is hampered by the inability to determine the location of the recurrence accurately and the lack of data demonstrating a survival advantage from any of the available therapies. Treatment must be individualized for each patient.
Voices from the Field: Teachers from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds Entering the Profession Through Alternative Certification

This article provides the field with a voice from culturally and linguistically diverse beginning teachers who have entered special education through an alternative certification program. These teachers serve as co-authors for this article to share their thoughts related to why they entered teaching, what they feel has assisted them with the induction process and what they feel is needed for them to be retained in the teaching field. Specifically, these teachers are future leaders who are committed to students with disabilities in urban settings and are potentially future leaders in our field. These co-authors bring creative and powerful energy to the field of special education and provide comments that reflect the marginalization of secondary special educators in urban settings. Primarily the focus of this article is about listening to the voices of the consumers of our teacher education programs.
SEQUENCE OF THE CNBr PEPTIDE CONTAINING THE PUTATIVE ESSENTIAL TYROSINE OF BACILLUS AMYLOLIQUEFACIENS ALPHA AMYLASE

The amino acid sequence of the cyanogen bromide peptide (peptide B) containing the putative essential tyrosine residue in Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1.) was determined. It is composed of 73 amino acids and the "active" tyrosine residue is the N-terminus of the peptide. Upon iodination of the whole enzyme by means of a lactoperoxidase-catalyzed reaction, a minimum of eight tyrosine residues are iodinated. Four of these belong to peptide B. Among the cyanogen bromide peptides, B is the most readily iodinated one. Hence, it is predicted that peptide B is an exposed segment of the amylase molecule.
Design of a document filing and retrieval system

This paper describes a scheme for secondary-key-based data retrieval. The scheme is designed for a document filing and retrieval system in which documents are filed under a large number of keys, but queries specify only a few keys. As this work is based on microcomputers with virtual memory, the primary objective was minimization of page faults, with processing speed and simplicity of code also of critical importance. Initial experiments with the scheme indicate good performance with respect to both processing time and paging.
Compression of aerogels

When an aerogel is pressurized in a mercury porosimeter, the network is compressed, but no mercury enters the pores. Therefore, porosimetry cannot be used to measure the pore size distribution in an aerogel, but it does provide a measure of the bulk modulus of the network. For silica aerogels, the network is linearly elastic under small strains, then exhibits yield followed by densification and plastic hardening. In the plastic regime it is found that the bulk modulus has a power-law dependence on density with an exponent of ≈ 3.2. For the same gels, the linear elastic modulus (before compression) also obeys a power law, but the exponent is ⋍ 3.6, as found by several other groups. If a gel is compressed to a pressure, P1, that exceeds the yield stress, then returned to ambient pressure, the plastic deformation is irreversible; if that gel is then compressed to pressure P2 > P1, it behaves elastically up to ⋍ P1, then yields and follows the same power-law curve. Thus the location of the yield point of a previously compressed material indicates the maximum pressure to which the sample had been subjected; in particular, the compression curve can be used to estimate the capillary pressure exerted on a xerogel during drying.
Correlations between Earth's Gravitational and Magnetic Field

IN a recent communication Hide and Malin1 studied the similarities in the variations of Earth's gravitational and magnetic fields in an effort to determine the undulations on the core-mantle interface. These undulations, if present, can produce significant distortions in the geomagnetic field as it is observed on the Earth's surface2,3. These bumps will also distort the gravitational field.
Optimization of buffer layers for AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors by atmospheric pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition

Pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs/GaAs high electron mobility transistors (HEMT) incorporating various types of buffer layers were fabricated (D = 0.50 × 100μm) and characterized by Hall-effect measurements, low temperature photoluminescence (PL), and room temperature IV characteristics. The devices fabricated with a thick (5000A) undoped high purity GaAs buffer layer grown at 650° C showed poor pinch-off characteristics, high output conductance and large leakage currents (>2 mA at pinch-off). Devices incorporating an undoped high purity GaAs (3000A) buffer layer grown at 550° C showed sharp pinch-off characteristics, low output conductance, and low leakage currents (1.3 mA at pinch-off). Low temperature growth of GaAs (550° C) enhanced carbon incorporation resulting in increasedp-type characteristics. This type of buffer layer provided additional barrier height between the active layer and the substrate reducing the injection of electrons into the substrate.