cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Midrash in Emil Fackenheim's Holocaust Theology

In his recent book on post-Holocaust Jewish thought in America, Michael L. Morgan claims that among Jewish Holocaust theologians, Emil Fackenheim's thought is “the richest and most developed.”Michael L. Morgan, Beyond Auschwitz: Post-Holocaust Jewish Thought in America (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001) 155. One can only endorse this assessment. Fackenheim is by far the best-trained philosopher among Jewish Holocaust thinkers, and his reflections on the Holocaust are therefore unparalleled in their philosophical subtlety and sophistication. He has also outstripped his rivals in the sheer quantity of material he has produced on the Holocaust. He has authored nine books and scores of articles, most of which are devoted to his reflections on this one subject.A good deal has been written about Fackenheim's Holocaust theology. The following are some of the more important discussions: Steven T. Katz, Post-Holocaust Dialogues: Critical Studies in Modern Jewish Thought (New York: New York University Press, 1983) 205–47; Louis Greenspan and Graeme Nicholson, eds, Fackenheim: German Philosophy and Jewish Thought (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992), which also contains a complete bibliography of Fackenheim's writings up to 1992; Zachary Braiterman, (God) After Auschwitz: Tradition and Change in Post-Holocaust Jewish Thought (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1998) 134–60; Morgan, Beyond Auschwitz, 155–95.
Delinquency and family problems in incarcerated adolescents with and without a history of inhalant use

In this retrospective study of incarcerated adolescents, inhalants were used by significantly more nonminority than minority youth. Among both minority and nonminority groups, family problems and delinquent behaviors were higher among those youth with a history of inhalant use than those who reported no use. Family problems included history of running away from home, breaking rules, fighting with parents, and having relatives who had attempted suicide. Delinquent behavior included earlier personal use of drugs, selling illegal drugs, buying drugs from dealers, committing crimes while under the influence, committing crimes to get money to buy drugs, and threatening to hurt people.
A hardware course for a software curriculum

The computer science program at Central Michigan University is a predominantly software oriented program with approximately 400 undergraduate majors and minors. One "hardware" course, which is described in this paper, is required of all majors. One hundred ten students were enrolled in the course during the Fall 1979 Semester. Concepts covered include logic circuit design, arithmetic and logic unit design/operation, and the architecture of various computers.A logic demonstration board has been developed as a teaching aid for the course, as no laboratory is currently available. Five other architecture/design courses are available in the department, although they are taken primarily by graduate students.
THE OXIDASE OF THE APRICOT.

The flesh of fresh apricots when cut and exposed to the air rapidly develops a brown color due to enzymic oxidation. This phenomenon is of great importance in the freezing and freezing storage of fresh apricots and in the preparation of apricots for canning and drying. In commercial freezing the oxidizing enzymes of this fruit are controlled by treatment with dilute SO2 solution or by covering the fruit with sirup containing ascorbic acid. In canning the enzymes are destroyed by heat, and in drying they are inhibited by S02. Sumner and Somers (11), Onslow (5) and others have reviewed the early research on the oxidizing enzymes of plant tissue. Therefore, we shall cite only a few papers that bear more or less directly on fruit oxidases and refer the reader to texts such as the above for a more comprehensive review. Samisch (8, 9, and 10) who conducted research on apricot oxidase in this laboratory used a Barcroft manometric apparatus with catechol as the substrate in studying certain properties of this enzyme or enzyme system. He showed that phenolase activity was greatest in the peel and vascular bundles. He investigated the effect of pH value and various enzymes on apricot phenolase, using catechol as the substrate. Potatoes possess a very active oxidase, classified by Boswell and Whiting (1938) as a polyphenolase. Samisch (8) defines polyphenolases as ' ' oxidases which have the power to catalyze the oxidation of phenols or their derivatives by molecular oxygen.'' Peroxidases do not have this power and require the presence of H202. However, Szent-Gy?rgyi (12) suggested that peroxidases are merely attenuated polyphenolases that have lost the power of catalyzing the oxidation of phenols by atmospheric oxygen. Cruess and Fong (2) showed that the inactivation temperature of fruit peroxidase varies with the hydrogen-ion concentration of the medium; that there is an optimum H202 concentration for fruit peroxidases, and that the optimum pH value varies with the oxidase indicator used; i.e., optimum pH appears to be a function of the substrate rather than of the
M‐Atrial Natriuretic Peptide and Nitroglycerin in a Canine Model of Experimental Acute Hypertensive Heart Failure: Differential Actions of 2 cGMP Activating Therapeutics

Background Systemic hypertension is a common characteristic in acute heart failure (HF). This increasingly recognized phenotype is commonly associated with renal dysfunction and there is an unmet need for renal enhancing therapies. In a canine model of HF and acute vasoconstrictive hypertension we characterized and compared the cardiorenal actions of M-atrial natriuretic peptide (M-ANP), a novel particulate guanylyl cyclase (pGC) activator, and nitroglycerin, a soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activator. Methods and Results HF was induced by rapid RV pacing (180 beats per minute) for 10 days. On day 11, hypertension was induced by continuous angiotensin II infusion. We characterized the cardiorenal and humoral actions prior to, during, and following intravenous M-ANP (n=7), nitroglycerin (n=7), and vehicle (n=7) infusion. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was reduced by M-ANP (139±4 to 118±3 mm Hg, P 0.05) effects on these renal parameters or aldosterone activation. Conclusions Our results advance the differential cardiorenal actions of pGC (M-ANP) and sGC (nitroglycerin) mediated cGMP activation. These distinct renal and aldosterone modulating actions make M-ANP an attractive therapeutic for HF with concomitant hypertension, where renal protection is a key therapeutic goal.
TEMPERATURES AND RELATED BEHAVIOR IN SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL SYSTEM

A segmental retaining wall reinforced with geosynthetics was constructed on the University of Wisconsin—Platteville campus from October to December 1993. It was 3.5 m high and 36.6 m long and was instrumented to measure movements, earth pressures, forces between segmental units, temperatures, and strains in the geogrid reinforcement. Monitoring of the instrumentation was done during construction and is continuing. The results of the monitoring program pertaining to temperatures, geogrid strains, and normal forces acting between adjacent layers of facing units of the wall are reported. The maximum temperature recorded in the wall was 28°C, and the minimum was —4°C. Maximum strains in the geogrid were 0.50 percent. Load cell measurements of the normal force acting on a facing unit were initially about twice the weight of the units above the load cell. With time the measured normal forces decreased to approach the weight of the units above. Wall behavior appears to be related to seasonal temperature changes,...
Polyaniline-coated nanoelectrospray emitters: performance characteristics in the negative ion mode

The increasing tendency to miniaturize analytical techniques has resulted in the widespread use of nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. A new polyaniline-coated nanoelectrospray emitter has shown increasing promise as a more durable and stable alternative to traditional metal-coated emitters. In this report, the utility of polyaniline-coated nanoelectrospray emitters in the negative ion mode is investigated. Here, oligonucleotides and peptides have been ionized in the negative mode using polyaniline-coated nanoelectrospray emitters. The emitters were found to be durable for at least an hour in the negative ion mode, during which time the signal was stable. The high amount of electrical discharge usually associated with negative ion mode nanoelectrospray was not problematic with the polyaniline-coated emitters. These characteristics make possible the reliable coupling of low-flow separations to negative ion nanoelectrospray without the worry of emitter failure during the course of the experiment.
Maternal responsivity predicts language development in young children with fragile X syndrome.

The relationship between early maternal responsivity and later child communication outcomes in young children with fragile X syndrome was investigated. Data were obtained from 55 mother–child dyads over a 36-month period. Performance data were obtained at each measurement point from video observations of four different contexts. These were coded for (a) child communication behaviors, (b) parent responsivity, and (c) behavior management behaviors. Results indicate that early maternal responsivity predicts the level of four important child language outcomes at 36 months of age after controlling for child developmental level and autism symptomology.
On the Equilibrium Dynamics of Demand Response in Thermostatic Loads

Demand response is expected to play a crucial role in many aspects of "smart grid" technologies being examined in recently undertaken demonstration projects. The behavior of load as it is affected by load control strategies is key to understanding the degree to which various classes of end-use load can contribute to demand response programs at various times. This paper examines a simple case in an effort to illustrate how subtle changes in the consumer behavior that drives demand can have dramatic impacts on the diversity of load and consequently the effectiveness of demand response programs. The example studied here uses electric water heaters to illustrate not only the complexity of the problem, but also the significance of the effect. This example can be readily extended to other end-use devices, such as air-conditioners, heat pumps, and electric vehicle chargers.
Refractory spherules in the Murchison Meteorite: Are they condrules?

The textural and mineralogical features of refractory spherules found in the Murchison meteorite are examined in relation to their probable origin. Based on a study of 12 samples it is found that the refractory spherules, with hibonite-bearing or spinel or spinel-perovskite cores surrounded by an iron-rich silicate layer, have compositions similar to those of coexisting irregular inclusions. The shape and internal textures of the spherules, however, suggest formation from a liquid. It is proposed that the spherules may be melted equivalents of the irregular inclusions, and thus may be properly termed chondrules. It is noted that such melting would have involved very high temperatures.
What Your Data Didn’t Tell You the First Time Around: Advanced Analytic Approaches to Longitudinal Analyses:

The present article describes the gap that exists between traditional data analysis techniques and more sophisticated methods that tend to be used more commonly among researchers outside of the study of v iolence against women. We briefly characterize growth models and person-centered analyses and describe the growing body of work in v iolence research that has applied these methods. Through an example from our own application of one of these techniques—latent class growth analysis—we highlight the ways that v iolence against women researchers may benefit from applying these more sophisticated methods to their own data, both past and present.
Early and long-term clinical outcomes associated with reinfarction following fibrinolytic administration in the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trials

OBJECTIVES We hypothesized that early recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) following fibrinolytic administration would be assessed with higher mortality at both 30 days and 2 years. BACKGROUND Although early recurrent MI after fibrinolytic therapy has been associated with increased early mortality in the acute MI setting, its relation to long-term mortality has not been fully explored. METHODS Mortality data were ascertained in 20,101 patients enrolled in the Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 4, 9, and 10B and Intravenous NPA for the Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early (InTIME-II) acute MI trials. RESULTS The frequency of symptomatic recurrent MI during the index hospitalization was 4.2% (836/20,101). Recurrent MI during the index hospital period was associated with increased 30-day mortality (16.4% [137/836] vs. 6.2% [1,188/19,260], p < 0.001). Likewise, recurrent MI was associated with a sustained increase in mortality up to two years, even after adjustments were made for covariates known to be associated with mortality and recurrent MI (hazard ratio 2.11, p < 0.001). However, this higher mortality at 2 years was due to an early divergence in mortality by 30 days and was not due to a significant increase in late mortality between 30 days and 2 years (4.38% [31/707] vs. 3.76% [685/18,206], p = NS). Percutaneous coronary intervention during the index hospitalization was associated with a lower rate of in-hospital recurrent MI (1.6% vs. 4.5%, p < 0.001) and lower two-year mortality (5.6% vs. 11.6%, p < 0.001). Performance of coronary artery bypass graft surgery was also associated with a lower recurrent rate of MI (0.7% vs. 4.3%, p < 0.001) and lower two-year mortality rate (7.95% vs. 10.6%, p = 0.0008). CONCLUSIONS Early recurrent MI is associated with increased mortality up to two years. However, most deaths occur early, and the risk of additional deaths between the index hospital period and two years was not significantly increased among patients with recurrent MI. Percutaneous coronary intervention during the index hospitalization was associated with a lower risk of recurrent MI and a lower risk of two-year mortality.
Biodoped Ceramics: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications

This feature article focuses on biodoped ceramics. These are inorganic materials in which biological materials are incorporated, thus adding new functionality to them. A brief overview of the prominent synthesis techniques for biodoped ceramics, with emphasis on modified sol–gel processes for metal oxide matrices, is given first. Theoretical treatments of the encapsulation of biologicals within a porous ceramic matrix are reviewed. Experimental studies of the stability and dynamics of protein entrapment in silica and other ceramic matrices are also discussed. Finally, key applications of biodoped ceramics in biochemical species detection, bio-catalysis, and drug delivery are presented.
The Role of HRD in CSR, Sustainability, and Ethics A Relational Model

This article proposes a theoretical model linking human resource development (HRD), corporate social responsibility (CSR), corporate sustainability (CS), and business ethics. The model development was informed by Pierre Bourdieu’s relational theory of power and practice, and by Norbert Elias’ and Michel Foucault’s theories of power and knowledge. The model suggests that CSR, CS, and ethics are parts of the same organizational subsystem, shaped by a complex interaction between human capital, individual moral development, habitus (mindsets, dispositions), organizational practices and culture, and external situational factors. The generative mechanism, or motor, driving the development and change of organizational culture, consists of power relationships that are shaped by specific figurations of various types of human capital (social, cultural, economic, and symbolic). HRD can influence this system by engaging in culture change efforts, ethics and CS-/CSR-related education and training on all levels of the ...
Composing security policies with polymer

We introduce a language and system that supports definition and composition of complex run-time security policies for Java applications. Our policies are comprised of two sorts of methods. The first is query methods that are called whenever an untrusted application tries to execute a security-sensitive action. A query method returns a suggestion indicating how the security-sensitive action should be handled. The second sort of methods are those that perform state updates as the policy's suggestions are followed.The structure of our policies facilitates composition, as policies can query other policies for suggestions. In order to give programmers control over policy composition, we have designed the system so that policies, suggestions, and application events are all first-class objects that a higher-order policy may manipulate. We show how to use these programming features by developing a library of policy combinators.Our system is fully implemented, and we have defined a formal semantics for an idealized subset of the language containing all of the key features. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our system by implementing a large-scale security policy for an email client.
Functional consequences of the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protease structure: regulation of activity and dimerization by conserved structural elements.

The structure of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus protease (KSHV Pr), at 2.2 A resolution, reveals the active-site geometry and defines multiple possible target sites for drug design against a human cancer-producing virus. The catalytic triad of KSHV Pr, (Ser114, His46, and His157) and transition-state stabilization site are arranged as in other structurally characterized herpesviral proteases. The distal histidine-histidine hydrogen bond is solvent accessible, unlike the situation in other classes of serine proteases. As in all herpesviral proteases, the enzyme is active only as a weakly associated dimer (Kd 2 IM), and inactive as a monomer. Therefore, both the active site and dimer interface are potential targets for antiviral drug design. The dimer interface in KSHV Pr is compared with the interface of other herpesviral proteases. Two conserved arginines (Arg209), one from each monomer, are buried within the same region of the dimer interface. We propose that this conserved arginine may provide a destabilizing element contributing to the tuned micromolar dissociation of herpesviral protease dimers.
Factors affecting phosphate sorption along a Mediterranean, dolomitic soil and vegetation chronosequence

Phosphate sorption by calcareous soils has been studied mainly on heavily fertilized agricultural soils and soils with calcite as the main carbonate mineral. We examined factors affecting phosphate adsorption in the soils of a semi-arid, mediterranean, dolomitic, soil and vegetation chronosequence in southeastern Spain. The youngest soils are highly eroded, Sandy Regosols (Typic Xerorthents) under gorse-scrubland vegetation. These have small P sorption capacities, large MgCa carbonate contents but small amounts of Fe and Al oxides. Small total P (HNO 3 /HClO 4 digestion) concentrations (30-130 μ g P g -1 ), of which up to 90% is Ca-bound (HCl-extractable), are typical of these young soils. P sorption markedly increased when Ca 2+ was added to the solution. The fractionation of previously sorbed P indicates that the fate of most of this extrasorbed P is the labile-P fraction sorbed on to (carbonate) surfaces and the apatite-like fraction (NaHCO 3 -extractable and HCl-extractable fractions). At the other extreme, older more-intensively weathered, sandy-clay-loam rendzinas (Entic Haploxerolls), supporting dense mature garrigue, have a much greater P adsorption capacity and larger clay and Fe and Al oxide concentrations. They have more total P (ca 400 μg P g -1 ), much of it in occluded form (residual fraction). These soils show no significant differences in P sorption whether or not CaC12 was used as a background electrolyte. Considering the overall variations within the chronosequence, dithionite extractable Fe and Al are the properties best correlated with P sorption. This support the general finding that crystalline Fe-oxides (e.g. goethite and haematite) appear to be the most important P-sorbing component for soils in the Mediterranean region, rather than amorphous Fe-oxides (e.g. ferrihydrite) as is reported for more mesic areas. Stepwise multiple regression and fractionation data, however, suggest that, provided the soil solution is rich in Ca 2+ , carbonate may also be a significant contributing factor to P sorption, especially in the youngest of these dolomitic soils.
Nonlinear Vibration Phenomena in Films of Solar Arrays

Analytical investigations of nonlinear vibration phenomena in films caused by local compression are presented. The equations of motion for a moving wrinkle are investigated and exact solutions for the longitudinal and transverse vibrations of a wrinkling film are derived.
Nutrition of aging dogs

Aging is a normal process characterized by a variety of physiologic changes. Geriatric dogs are also more likely to be afflicted with certain disease conditions. Both normal and abnormal physiologic changes associated with aging in the dog may be amenable to nutritional intervention. Specific alterations in nutrients or in dietary characteristics can be beneficial; however, these are best done in the context of an individualized nutritional assessment and monitoring paradigm.
Stable limit cycles and the paradox of enrichment in a model of chronic wasting disease

Prions, which cause chronic wasting disease and other transmissible spongiform encephalopathies in ungulates, can remain active in soils for years. The reproductive age of ungulate populations is well within the residence time of prions in the soil. Reproduction and mortality in disease-free wildlife populations is regulated by density-dependent mechanisms, which also underlie the concept of carrying capacity. Here, we present a model of a susceptible deer population with density-dependent population regulation, an infected population, and an environmental pool of prions that infect the susceptible animals. When carrying capacity is low, the disease does not persist. As carrying capacity increases beyond a critical level, chronic wasting disease then invades a susceptible population and persists. Further increases in carrying capacity beyond a second, higher critical level produce stable limit cycles and recurrent epidemics between the animal population and the disease. This model therefore extends Rosenzweig's paradox of enrichment for predator-prey models to models of diseases in populations. The critical carrying capacities are reached sooner as the residence time of the prion in the soil increases. Wildlife management programs which increase carrying capacity may cause chronic wasting disease to persist and even destabilize animal populations, especially where prions persist for many years.
Gestalt: integrated support for implementation and analysis in machine learning

We present Gestalt, a development environment designed to support the process of applying machine learning. While traditional programming environments focus on source code, we explicitly support both code and data. Gestalt allows developers to implement a classification pipeline, analyze data as it moves through that pipeline, and easily transition between implementation and analysis. An experiment shows this significantly improves the ability of developers to find and fix bugs in machine learning systems. Our discussion of Gestalt and our experimental observations provide new insight into general-purpose support for the machine learning process.
Topology control and channel assignment in lossy wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a significant amount of packets are lost when transmitted over wireless links, leading to unnecessary energy expenditure. This lossy property of a link can be described by the packet reception ratio (PRR) over it. In the literature, it was shown that the PRR of a link is a non-decreasing function of its signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), which indicates that the PRR can be improved by either enhancing the received power or reducing the interference-plus-noise level. On the other hand, a number of topology control algorithms and channel assignment algorithms have been presented for WSNs to reduce interference. However, most of them simply use the number of interfering nodes to describe the level of interference, which is inaccurate thus cannot guarantee high PRR. In this paper, we propose a joint design of topology control and channel assignment for lossy WSNs, aiming at improving the PRR of each link in the network. We first construct a maximum PRR spanning tree, then adjust the transmitting power and channel of sensor nodes to further improve the PRR of links on the tree. This way, packet retransmission due to lossy links is minimized, which leads to performance improvement in terms of network throughput, energy efficiency and end-to-end packet delay. We formulate the joint design into an optimization problem and prove its NP-hardness. We then present heuristic algorithms to give practical solutions for the problem. We have carried out extensive simulations and the results show that network performance can be significantly improved by using the topology generated by our algorithms compared to the topologies generated by other schemes under the same traffic demand.
Elevated troponin I level on admission is associated with adverse outcome of primary angioplasty in acute myocardial infarction.

Background—In patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing thrombolytic therapy, an elevated troponin level on admission is associated with a lower reperfusion rate and a complicated clinical course. Whether an elevated troponin level on admission similarly predicts an adverse outcome in patients undergoing primary angioplasty is currently unknown and was investigated in the present study. Methods and Results—Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) was determined on admission in 110 consecutive patients with AMI associated with ST-segment elevation or left bundle branch block who underwent primary angioplasty. Fifty-four patients (49%) had an elevated cTnI (≥0.4 ng/mL) on admission. In patients with elevated cTnI, primary angioplasty was less likely to achieve TIMI 3 flow (as classified by the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction trial) in univariate (76% versus 96%, P=0.03) or in multivariate (odds ratio 0.1, 95% CI 0.02 to 0.54) analysis. Patients with elevated cTnI were more likely to develop congesti...
Effective ΔI=1/2 rule in the three-pion decays of kaons

The universal nonleptonic weak Hamiltonian of ref. (1, 2) is used to compute, without further dynamical assumptions, the decay amplitudes for all K→πππ processes. The results can be expressed in terms of two parameters. An effective ΔI=1/2 rule is obtained, and some interesting structural features are noted.
Fast Experimental Energy Characterization of a Controlled Rotary Axis

Abstract The goal of the paper is to present a methodology and the related instrumentation for fast energy characterization of industrial machines. Standard energy measurements prescribe acquiring power flowing into the system and into every significant subsystem of the machine using a considerable number of power meters (or repeated measurements) that determine high installation times, costs and efforts. Often, such measurements are missing additional information about machine activity, needed to understanding energy dissipations. Fast experimental characterization method proposed in the paper assumes to measure solely the total power absorbed by the machine and to estimate the consumptions of machine subsystems by acquiring additional signals, e.g. states and variables, via a newly developed wireless, non-invasive measurement system. Knowledge of these states allows to create an intermediate-precision energy models of the system. A case study is performed to identify and analyse such model of axis in an industrial robot. Apart from power, two additional signals are acquired: axis acceleration via accelerometer and current of one of the motor phases, using a current transducer. Techniques of sensor data fusion are employed to obtain more reliable results. Axis energy models are identified and compared to find the best match for the considered application.
The impact of an aircraft's service environment on perceptions of in-flight food quality

Airlines are currently striving to improve the quality and quantity of in-flight food, because research has shown that catering is a key attribute for a customer's satisfaction with airline service quality. But the role of an airline's service environment in forming customer perceptions about food quality has not yet been properly investigated. Using electronic word-of-mouth data from N = 3996 airline passengers, this study deploys a linear regression model at multiple levels to relate perceived in-flight food quality with both the overall service environment and its formative components. The results clearly unveil the importance of an aircraft's service environment on perceived in-flight catering quality; perceptions of food quality are primarily influenced by the quality of cabin staff service, followed by entertainment and seat quality. Instead of continuing with the current practice of signing up top chefs to improve menus, airlines may instead consider putting their management focus on service improvements.
Suggestions on Promoting of Silkworm and Mulberry Industry in Yunnan

It reports the development of silkworm and mulberry industry in Yunnan through investigation.Suggestions here by are present in this paper.
Study on the Phenomenon of Preferential Flow in Seepage Process of Reservoir Porous Medium

Preferential flow is a common phenomenon in oil and gas seepage process of reservoir porous medium.It is a trend mark of seepage process in porous medium which has been transformed from homogeneous to heterogeneous,from balanced to unbalanced.Recently,preferential flow in oil and gas seepage process has hardly been definated,and very few studies have been made about it in this field.Combined with related research results both at home and abroad,the defination of preferential flow in seepage process of reservoir porous medium has been proposed,and the types of preferential flow and phenomenon representation,present study methods,existing problems and orintation of further research has also been discussed,all of which have provided theoretical basis for accuate description of oil and gas seepage process.
On the Construction of Practical Teaching System of College Ideological and Political Theory Courses

The practice teaching of Ideological and Political Theory Course is an important way to promote ideological and political theory teaching reform and improve the effectiveness of teaching.In order to strengthen the ideological and political theory courses practice teaching,the paper analyses the major problems existing in the current teaching practice.It suggests that by integration of developing resources,the ideological and political theory courses practice teaching system. Should be built.
Die Einordnung US-amerikanischer Personenvereinigungen zu Zwecken der Besteuerung in Deutschland

Die Einordnung US-amerikanischer Personenvereinigungen zu Zwecken der deutschen Besteuerung hat bis vor kurzem keine besonderen Probleme verursacht, denn die in den USA zur Verfugung stehenden Personenvereinigungen und Gesellschaftsformen entsprechen den deutschen Rechtsformen. So entspricht die general partnership der OHG, die limited partnership der KG, die (unincorporated) joint venture einer Gelegenheits- oder GbR und die business corporation (public und close corporation) der Aktiengesellschaft1. Probleme tauchen jedoch bei der Einordnung der Rechtsform der limited liability company auf, die sowohl Merkmale einer Personen- wie einer Kapitalgesellschaft besitzt.
Effect of Selected Antioxidants on the Activity of a Mixture of Crude Pseudomonas Lipases.

Commercially acceptable concentrations (0.02%) of butylated hydroxytolulene (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), tertiary butylhydroxyquinone (TBHQ), Tenox 4, and Tenox 8 were evaluated for their effect on the lipolytic activity of mixed Pseudomonas crude lipases (MCLs). MCLs were prepared from lipases produced by raw milk isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens , P. cepacia , and P. putida . GRAS antioxidants, 1-ascorbyl 6-palmitate (AP) and d-α-tocopherol (AT), at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0% concentrations, were also evaluated for their effect on lipase activity. Antioxidants and enzyme preparations were incubated for 30 min at 25 or 40°C. At 25°C, all antioxidants tested inhibited lipase activity to some extent. At 2% concentration, AP completely (100%) inhibited lipolytic activity, and AT inhibited lipolytic activity by 89%. At 40°C, the effectiveness of AP and AT as lipolytic inhibitors decreased, and the low concentrations of BHT, BHA, TBHQ, Tenox 4, and Tenox 8 stimulated lipolytic activity.
The role of subgrain boundaries in partial melting

Abstract Evidence for partial melting along subgrain boundaries in quartz and plagioclase is documented for rocks from the Lost Creek Gneiss of the Llano Uplift, central Texas, the Wet Mountains of central Colorado, and the Albany-Fraser Orogen, southwestern Australia. Domains of quartz or plagioclase crystals along subgrain boundaries are preferentially involved in partial melting over unstrained domains of these minerals. Material along subgrain boundaries in quartz and plagioclase has the same morphology as melt pseudomorphs present along grain boundaries and is commonly laterally continuous with this former grain boundary melt, indicating the material along subgrain boundaries can also be categorized as a melt pseudomorph. Subgrain boundaries consist of arrays of dislocations within a crystal lattice, and unlike fractures would not act as conduits for melt migration. Instead, the presence of former melt along subgrain boundaries requires that partial melting occurred in these locations because it is kinetically more favorable for melting reactions to occur there. Preferential melting in high strain locations may be attributed to strain energy, which provides a minor energetic contribution to the reaction and leads to preferential melting in locations with weakened bonds, and/or the presence of small quantities of water associated with dislocations, which may enhance diffusion rates or locally lower the temperature needed for partial melting.
Unsupportive parenting and internalising behaviour problems in children with or without intellectual disability.

Background Children with intellectual disability (ID) are at heightened risk for developing other psychological disorders, including internalising disorders. Anxiety and depression have been shown to be familial, and parenting is a contributing factor to the development of these disorders. To extend this research, we examined the extent to which mother and father depression and negative, unsupportive parenting related to child internalising behaviour problems, in children with ID or with typical development (TD). Method Participants were 156 mother and father dyads and their children, assessed at ages 4 and 5 years. We examined parent (mother and father) and child delay status (ID and TD) in relation to measures of both observed and self-reported unsupportive, negative parenting. Utilising moderation models, we examined the relationship between parental depression, unsupportive/negative parenting and child internalising behaviour problems. Results Unsupportive, negative parenting differed based on parent gender and child delay status. In addition, father depression was a significant moderator of the relationship between unsupportive parenting and child internalising behaviour problems. Conclusions Children with ID were found to be at higher risk of experiencing unsupportive, negative parenting than children with TD. Children of depressed fathers were especially vulnerable to developing internalising behaviour problems in an unsupportive parenting context.
Fluticasone propionate alters the respiratory tract microbiota and has dose-related effects on anti-bacterial host defence

Background: Inhaled corticosteroids increase pneumonia frequency in COPD with lesser risk associated with lower drug doses. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects of fluticasone propionate(FP) on anti-bacterial host-defence. Methods: C57BL/6 mice were treated with intranasal FP or vehicle control. Lung tissue microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. In a mouse model of S.pneumoniae D39 infection, effects of FP on anti-bacterial responses and pathogen control were evaluated. Additionally, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of FP and stimulated with S.pneumoniae in vitro . Results: Mice treated with FP had increased lung bacterial loads at 8 hours post administration(p=0.015) and also showed a significant increase in bacterial diversity and expansion in Stenotrophomonas genera(p S.pneumoniae , high dose FP(1mg/kg) suppressed a range of anti-bacterial responses and increased bacterial loads by quantitative culture in lung tissue (8 hours post-infection;p S.pneumoniae- stimulated PBMCs. Conclusion: FP alters respiratory microbiota and impairs anti-bacterial responses in a dose-dependent manner, effects that may provide mechanistic insight into the increased pneumonia signal observed clinically.
Crafting Community-Based Museum Experiences: Process, Pedagogy; and Performance

(1999). Crafting Community-Based Museum Experiences: Process, Pedagogy; and Performance. Journal of Museum Education: Vol. 24, Bridging Diversity; Building Community: Folkloric Models of Museum Interpretation, pp. 3-6.
Breathing Easier with Fish Oil - A New Approach to Preventing Asthma?

Asthma and lower respiratory infections are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations. Thus, having low-cost, effective, safe options for prevention could have important implications for both clinical practice and public health. In this issue of the Journal, Bisgaard and et al.1 report that high-dose supplementation of the n−3 polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) derived from fish oil in the third trimester of pregnancy significantly decreased the risk of persistent wheeze and asthma (the primary outcome) during the first 5 years of a child’s life. The intervention also decreased the rate of lower . . .
Low temperature tolerance, cold hardening and acclimation in tadpoles of the neotropical túngara frog (Engystomops pustulosus).

Many frogs from temperate climates can tolerate low temperatures and increase their thermal tolerance through hardening and acclimation. Most tropical frogs, on the other hand, fail to acclimate to low temperatures. This lack of acclimation ability is potentially due to lack of selection pressure for acclimation because cold weather is less common in the tropics. We tested the generality of this pattern by characterizing the critical temperature minimum (CTMin), hardening, and acclimation responses of tungara frogs (Engystomops pustulosus). These frogs belong to a family with unknown thermal ecology. They are found in a tropical habitat with a highly constant temperature regime. The CTMin of the tadpoles was on average 12.5°C. Pre-metamorphic tadpoles hardened by 1.18°C, while metamorphic tadpoles hardened by 0.36°C. When raised at 21°C, tadpoles acclimated expanding their cold tolerance by 1.3°C in relation to larvae raised at 28°C. These results indicate that the tungara frog has a greatly reduced cold tolerance when compared to species from temperate climates, but it responds to cold temperatures with hardening and acclimation comparable to those of temperate-zone species. Cold tolerance increased with body length but cold hardening was more extensive in pre-metamorphic tadpoles than in metamorphic ones. This study shows that lack of acclimation ability is not general to the physiology of tropical anurans.
Interactive Book Reading to Accelerate Word Learning by Kindergarten Children With Specific Language Impairment: Identifying Adequate Progress and Successful Learning Patterns.

Purpose The goal of this study was to provide guidance to clinicians on early benchmarks of successful word learning in an interactive book reading treatment and to examine how encoding and memory ...
Risk Factors for Acute Graft-vs-Host Disease in Humans

Acute graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) occurs in 30–70% of patients receiving bone marrow from HLA identical sibling donors, and is a primary or contributory cause of death in 15–40% in most series. GVHD is believed to be caused by donor T-lymphocytes that recognize and react against disparate antigens on host tissues. When donors and recipients are identical at the major histocompatability complex, minor histocompatability or other alloantigens are believed to be targets of acute GVHD. Despite considerable data in animal models and in humans, the precise role of other effector mechanisms such as humoral immunity, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, natural killer cells, lymphokines, and the monocyte-macrophage system, remain controversial.
Citizenship, Community, and Ethics: Forrest Gump as a Moral Exemplary

"Forrest Gump" bas been extraordinarily popular with the ordinary citizens and one of the reasons is self-evident: it presents a Jeffersonian confidence in the moral stalwartness of the yeoman citizenry that runs counter to some of the current approaches in ethics. The film celebrates a basic decency and a common sense that are accessible to all. No real or imagined superiority is required for one to partake. The film is not only popular but also populist in its assertion of the primacy of the ordinary citizen within this regime. In a political climate that now finds the tenure of elected officials uncertain and the legitimacy of public administration suspect, the visible portrayal of exemplary citizen virtues may serve as a timely reminder to all that, more so than any other regime, a democratic republic is ultimately and fundamentally dependent on the core values possessed by its citizenry.
Ontology and Philosophical Methodology in the Early Susanne Langer

I explore the connections between Susanne Langer’s ontology and her account of the proper methodology of philosophy. Langer characterizes philosophy as the pursuit of meaning, and there are two distinctive ways to pursue meaning: analysis and construction. A study of her ontology—specifically her views about the nature of concepts, properties, and facts—sheds light on her views about analysis. Once we understand Langer’s views on the ontology of these entities, we can also see why, for her, a uniform account of philosophical analysis can take each of these entities as possible subjects of analysis. Finally, understanding her ontology of concepts enables us to make sense of her view that philosophy has a constructive or synthetic task as well, namely the construction of concepts.
Pathology in Non-Clinical Drug Safety Assessment

Abstract The process of drug discovery and development is highly complex, demanding extraordinary scientific acumen as well as an understanding of the regulatory milieu. Veterinary pathologists in industry find themselves at the vanguard of this process, helping companies to bring innovative new therapies to patients in need. In this chapter we focus on the role of the toxicologic pathologist in understanding both the nature of drug efficacy, as well as the pathogenic mechanisms of drug toxicity, and the way in which both perspectives play into decisions to either develop or halt development of a potentially promising drug candidate. We review the role of the toxicologic pathologist in discovering and developing small molecules as well as some of the extraordinary variety of biotherapeutic agents, with their inherent challenges and often unexplored potentialities. Other issues such as reversibility or delayed toxicity, imaging, GLP regulations, and the use of some advanced scientific tools used by toxicologic pathologists developing pharmaceutical agents are discussed. In progressive companies, as well as regulatory agencies, toxicologic pathologists bring their expertise to bear across the entire drug discovery and development pipeline to improve our understanding of the advantages and potential liabilities of new therapies.
Revisiting the Role of the Male-Specific Lethal Complex in the Sex Determination Decision of Drosophila.

PREVIOUSLY, we suggested that before female sexual identity in Drosophila is fully established, the default state of expression is male and X chromosome genes are expressed at a higher, twofold male level ([Gladstein et al. 2010][1]). This enhanced expression, driven by the male-specific lethal (
Disrupting Experimental Strategies for Inhalation Toxicology: The Emergence of Microengineered Breathing-Smoking Human Lung-on-a-Chip

Abstract Cigarette smoking is major public health problem and a substantial contributor to the pathogenesis of respiratory disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer. In addition, our society faces the rapidly growing use of tobacco-related products such as electronic cigarettes. Thus, we need reliable model systems that can accurately predict the biological impact of exposure to inhaled smoke and vape and allow recreation of clinically relevant organ-level responses. In this study, we describe the emergence of “Breathing-Smoking Human Lung-on-a-Chip” microdevice at the interface of tissue microengineering, pulmonary biology, toxicopathology, and systems biology to enable study of smoke-induced lung injuries with high fidelity and precision in vitro. We also address the ability of this novel microfluidic system to overcome several major limitations of widely used animal models and static in vitro cultures of smoke exposure. While at its infancy, this technological advancement ...
Disorders of Magnesium: Physiology

Magnesium (Mg2+) is the second most common intracellular cation next to K+ in the body. A 70-kg individual has approximately 25 g of Mg2+. About 67 % of this Mg2+ is present in bone, about 20 % in muscle, and 12 % in other tissues such as the liver. Only 1–2 % is present in the extracellular space. In plasma, Mg2+ exists as free (60 %) and bound (40 %) forms. About 10 % is bound to HCO3 −, citrate, and phosphate and 30 % to albumin. Only the free and nonprotein-bound Mg2+ is filtered at the glomerulus. Mg2+ plays an essential role in cellular metabolism. It is involved in activation of enzymes such as phosphokinases and phosphatases. Mg-ATPase is also involved in the hydrolysis of ATP and thus the generation of energy that is utilized in several ion-pump activities. In addition, Mg2+ plays a critical role in protein synthesis and cell volume regulation. Because of its pivotal role in cellular physiology, Mg2+ deficiency adversely affects many cellular functions.