cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Approaches to Urinary Incontinence in a Rural Population: A Comparison of Physician Assistants, Nurse Practitioners, and Family Physicians

Background: Although urinary incontinence is a challenge and a burden to older patients, many clinicians fail to query older patients about incontinence symptoms or, even when aware of a problem, fail to diagnose the underlying cause or recommend treatment We wanted to compare the approaches of physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and family physicians to detection, diagnosis, and initial management of urinary incontinence in older adults seen in rural primary care practices. Methods: One male and 2 female simulated patients portrayed otherwise healthy patients with urinary incontinence, including urge or obstruction-overflow type for the man, and stress or urge type for the women. The 3 simulated patients saw 3 physician assistants, 3 nurse practitioners, and 3 family physicians each, for a total of 27 visits during which they posed as new patients seeking primary care. Results: Health professionals spontaneously asked about incontinence in only 18 percent of visits (33 percent for physician assistants, 11 percent each for nurse practitioners and family physicians). When incontinence was discussed (spontaneously or by patient prompting), queries were made about potential precipitants (ie, coughing, caffeine consumption) in 63 percent of visits. Questions about other urinary symptoms (eg, dysuria) were asked in 59 percent of visits. Rectal examinations were performed in 68 percent of the male simulated patient9s visits but in none of the female simulated patients9 visits. No pelvic examinations were performed. No attempts or recommendations were made to measure postvoiding residual volume. Tentative diagnoses were made in 48 percent of visits; some form of therapy was discussed in 52 percent of visits. Conclusions: Asking about incontinence was uncommon, and potentially important questions about precipitants and associated symptoms were often omitted. The providers examined areas potentially relating to incontinence and recommended supplementary assessments and specialized testing infrequently. Commonly, they made diagnoses and offered therapy at the end of an initial visit despite minimal history taking and examinations and lack of any additional assessment or testing.
Clear-sky narrowband albedos derived from VIRS and MODIS

The Clouds and Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) project is using multispectral imagers, the Visible Infrared Scanner (VIRS) on the tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ( TRMM ) satellite and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on Terra , operating since spring 2000, and Aqua , operating since summer 2002, to provide cloud and clear-sky properties at various wavelengths. This paper presents the preliminary results of an analysis of the CERES clear-sky reflectances to derive a set top-of-atmosphere clear sky albedo for 0.65, 0.86, 1.6, 2.13 μm, for all major surface types using the combined MODIS and VIRS datasets. The variability of snow albedo with surface type is examined using MODIS data. Snow albedo was found to depend on the vertical structure of the vegetation. At visible wavelengths, it is least for forested areas and greatest for smooth desert and tundra surfaces. At 1.6 and 2.1-μm, the snow albedos are relatively insensitive to the underlying surface because snow decreases the reflectance. Additional analyses using all of the MODIS results will provide albedo models that should be valuable for many remote sensing, simulation and radiation budget studies.
Assessment of the effects of iodine value on fatty acid digestibility, feed intake, and milk production.

Data were pooled from 11 studies evaluating supplemental fat sources differing primarily in degree of saturation (tallow, animal-vegetable fat, vegetable oil, and hydrogenated fats). Data were standardized as proportions of the respective controls to reduce variation among individual studies and were subjected to stepwise multiple regression against the iodine value of fats, the percentage increases of total fatty acids in diets above the respective controls, or the ratio of total C16 to C18 fatty acids in fats (only for hydrogenated fats). Increased iodine value (increasing unsaturation) of fats increased apparent fatty acid digestibility, especially as iodine value increased from 11 to 27. For partially hydrogenated fat sources, as the ratio of C16 to C18 fatty acids increased, digestibility also increased, especially with increasing iodine value (positive interaction). Beneficial effects of higher C16:C18 ratio were reduced as amount of added fat increased (negative interaction). Dry matter intake and FCM production decreased as iodine value increased, perhaps because of inhibition of fiber digestion or metabolic regulation of DMI. Milk protein percentage depression averaged .2 percentage units for most fats. However, as partially hydrogenated fat sources became more saturated, milk protein depression appeared to be less evident; increased ratio of C16:C18 of fatty acids appeared to increase milk protein percentage. Despite the lower apparent digestibility of fatty acids of hydrogenated fats, increased milk production and percentages of fat and protein appeared to make them more economical than more unsaturated fats.
Change detection methods for identification of mines in synthetic aperture radar imagery

This paper presents several methods for change detection in a pair of multi-temporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images of the same scene. Several techniques which vary in complexity were implemented and compared. Among the simple methods that were implemented are differencing, Euclidean distance, and image mean ratioing. These methods require minimal processing time, with little computational complexity, and incorporate no statistical information. These methods have demonstrated some degree of accuracy in detecting changes in SAR imagery. However, the presence of highly correlated speckle noise, misregistration errors, and nonlinear variations in SAR images motivated us to seek more sophisticated methods of change detection in order to obtain more favorable results. Therefore, methods were implemented which incorporated second order statistic calculations in making a change decision in efforts to mitigate false alarms arising from the aforementioned causes. Pre-whitened the data was created and then a Wiener prediction-based method, Euclidean distance measure and subspace projection method was implemented. The performance of these methods were compared using multi-look SAR images containing several targets (mines). The results are presented in the form of receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves.
Theory of surface effects in binary alloys. I. Ordering alloys

A theory of the (110) surface concentration and short- and long-range orders for an $\mathrm{AB}$ body-centered-cubic alloy is presented. It is based on a model consisting of pairwise interactions between nearest-neighbor atoms only. The entropy is calculated in the pair approximation following Kikuchi's method. It is found that depending on the values of the interaction parameters (a) the surface concentration decreases monotonically as a function of temperature from 100% of one component at $T=0$ to a random mixture as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$, or (b) it increases from a perfectly ordered $\mathrm{AB}$ layer of equal concentration of either component to a maximum concentration of one component at the order-disorder transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ and then decreases again to the disordered ${A}_{0.5}{B}_{0.5}$ alloy as $T\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. Long-range and short-range order parameters as functions of temperature are also discussed.
Trophic level effects on 15N/14N and 13C/12C ratios in bone collagen and strontium levels in bone mineral

This study examines stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen in bone collagen and the elemental concentrations of strontium in the bone mineral of terrestrial vertebrates from a variety of ecosystems. Documentation of the separation of trophic levels by these indices is essential for the assessment of the trophic position of prehistoric humans. Particular emphasis is given to carnivores in this study as they are generally underrepresented in most archeological assemblages. Nitrogen isotope ratios and strontium p.p.m. values can separate herbivores and carnivores depending upon the scale of the analysis. Separation is more pronounced the smaller the geographic area of the sample.
Harmonic suppression in unbalanced analogue MOSFET circuit topologies using body signals

Analytical and experimental results are presented which demonstrate that the nonlinearities of integrated MOS transistors operated in nonsaturation can be suppressed by driving the body terminals of these MOSFETs in an appropriate manner. In contrast with existing techniques, the proposed method does not require matched devices or balanced op-amps. It docs require the correct choice of amplitude and phase of the body signal, which is derived from the input signal. Experimental measurements show that individual even or odd harmonics can be reduced at least 90dB below the fundamental in MOSFET-C filters/integrators, which compares favourably with results reported in the literature for balanced topology techniques.
Children's ratings of the acceptability of classroom interventions for misbehavior: Findings and methodological considerations

Abstract This article stems from the belief that children should be involved in decisions about treatment for their own misbehavior and, in general, children can make valid judgements about treatment procedures. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review the data-based research on children's judgements of the acceptability of classroom interventions and to examine critically three areas of methodology in treatment acceptability research. These methodological areas include conceptual, psychometric, and paradigmatic issues. Research on treatment acceptability has grown out of concerns for social validity and has resulted in the development of a four-component, hypothetical model to explain how individuals might select treatments.
A longitudinal study of metropolitan density patterns in a developing country: Puerto Rico, 1899-1970.

One approach to the study of the growth and development ofhuman settlements is through the analysis of changing residential patterns. The focus of this paper is upon the changing density patterns for Puerto Rico's three principal metropolitan areas from 1899 - 1970. The data show that San Juan's long-run residential deconcentration is consistent with the pattern usually displayed by cities in developed societies. The increasing congestion and stable concentration of Ponce and Mayaguez are consistent with the pattern found in cities in developing societies. Differences among the metropolitan areas are discussed in terms of the trajectory of Puerto Rico's economic development.
Recursive median partitioning for virtual screening of large databases.

Recently, we have introduced the median partitioning (MP) method for diversity selection and compound classification. The MP approach utilizes property descriptors with continuous value ranges, transforms these descriptors into a binary classification scheme by determining their medians in source databases, and divides database molecules in subsequent steps into populations above or below these medians. Having previously demonstrated the usefulness of MP for the classification of molecules according to biological activity, we have now gone a step further and extended the methodology for application in virtual screening. In these calculations, a series of bait molecules having desired activity is added to large compound databases, and subsequent iterations or recursions are carried out to reduce the number of candidate molecules until a small number of compounds are found in partitions enriched with bait molecules. For each recursion step, descriptor combinations are identified that copartition as many act...
"Hypnosis" as a facilitator in behavior therapy.

Abstract It is emphasized that people who enter therapy believing that hypnosis will facilitate their progress often possess a self-fulfilling prophecy that should be utilized in their treatment. Clients who requested hypnosis and received a standard relaxation sequence that substituted the word “hypnosis” for “relaxation” wherever possible, showed more subjective and objective improvements than those who received ordinary relaxation therapy. The main study contained 20 clients treated in a behavior therapy context. 6 additional clients who had not specifically requested either hypnosis or relaxation showed no differences when treated by either or both methods. The differences in outcome are attributed to “expectancy fulfillment.”
IgG and FcγR genotypes and humoral immunity to mucin 1 in prostate cancer

Abstract Immunoglobulin GM and KM allotypes—hereditary antigenic determinants of γ and κ chains, respectively—and Fcγ receptor IIa (FcγRIIa) and FcγRIIIa genes are associated with the immunobiology of several malignant diseases, but their role in humoral immunity to the tumor-associated antigen mucin 1 (MUC1) in prostate cancer has not been examined. This investigation aimed to determine whether these genes—individually or in particular epistatic combinations—contribute to the inter-individual variability in the magnitude of antibody responsiveness to MUC1 in patients with prostate cancer. We genotyped DNA from 127 Caucasian American (CA) and 76 African American (AA) patients with histologically verified adenocarcinoma of the prostate for several GM, KM, FcγRIIa, and FcγRIIIa alleles by molecular methods. We also quantitated antibodies to MUC1 in the plasma from these patients by ELISA. In CA patients, homozygosity for the valine allele at the FcγRIIIa locus was significantly associated with low antibody responsiveness to MUC1 (p = 0.029). In AA patients, the KM 1/3 heterozygotes had significantly higher anti-MUC1 antibody levels than 1/1 and 3/3 homozygotes (p = 0.044). These results, the first to implicate FcγRIIIa and KM loci in humoral immunity to MUC1 in prostate cancer, might be relevant to MUC1-based immunotherapy of this malignancy.
State of Practice of Building Information Modeling in Mechanical and Electrical Construction Industries

AbstractThe North American construction industry has seen a decline in productivity for decades due to various reasons, including a lack of collaboration and the increase in the complexity of systems. These problems are most visible in labor-intensive trades, such as mechanical and electrical construction. Within the last decade, building information modeling (BIM) has emerged as a potential solution to these problems. This paper attempts to highlight the state of practice of BIM in the mechanical and electrical industries. By analyzing responses from an extensive survey and interview process, this paper reaches three key conclusions, namely, (1) 59% of mechanical and electrical contractors that use BIM have 3 years or less of BIM experience; (2) contractors should use one to three BIM staff members and add 1–2% of total project-cost estimates to account for BIM implementation; and (3) more than 70% of mechanical and electrical contractors that have used BIM agree that BIM reduces field conflicts and impr...
Vesicoscopic Cross-Trigonal Ureteral Reimplantation: A Minimally Invasive Option for Repair of Vesicoureteral Reflux

Purpose: Cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation is a commonly performed procedure for the correction of vesicoureteral reflux. Most previously described laparoscopic techniques have used an extravesical approach. A “vesicoscopic” technique is analogous to standard open cross-trigonal repair in principle, except that 3 ports with insufflation of the bladder are used to perform the ureteral reimplantation.Materials and Methods: A retrospective review was performed of patients treated for primary vesicoureteral reflux with either vesicoscopic or open ureteral reimplantation. For patients with vesicoscopic reimplantation a 5 mm port is placed in the dome of the bladder and 2, 3 mm ports are placed laterally. The ureters are mobilized transvesically, cross-trigonal submucosal tunnels are made and the ureters are sutured in place with intracorporeal suturing. The bladder ports are closed and a urethral catheter is left indwelling for 36 hours. Among the open reimplantation group 38 patients underwent cross-trig...
Platelet C4d is highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Objective Complement-activation product C4d is deposited on normal erythrocytes, while abnormal levels have been observed on the surface of erythrocytes of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study examines whether C4d also deposits on human platelet surfaces, and whether platelet-bound C4d may provide a biomarker for SLE. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 105 patients with SLE, 115 patients with other diseases, and 100 healthy controls. Levels of C4d on the surface of platelets were examined by flow cytometry and scanning confocal microscopy. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the clinical variables associated with platelet C4d. Results Abnormal levels of platelet C4d were found to be highly specific for SLE. Platelet C4d was detected in 18% of patients with SLE, being 100% specific for a diagnosis of SLE compared with healthy controls and 98% specific for SLE compared with patients with other diseases (P < 0.0001). In addition, platelet C4d was significantly associated with positivity for lupus anticoagulant (P < 0.0001) and anticardiolipin antibodies of the IgG (P = 0.035) or the IgM (P = 0.016) isotype. Platelet C4d was also significantly associated with SLE disease activity according to the SLE Disease Activity Index (P = 0.039), low serum C4 (P = 0.046), an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (P = 0.006), and abnormal levels of C4d on erythrocytes (P < 0.0001). Conclusion This observation suggests that platelet-bound C4d may be a useful biomarker for SLE and may be a clue to the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the myriad thrombotic and vascular complications of lupus associated with antiphospholipid antibodies.
Towards Associative Skill Memories

Movement primitives as basis of movement planning and control have become a popular topic in recent years. The key idea of movement primitives is that a rather small set of stereotypical movements should suffice to create a large set of complex manipulation skills. An interesting side effect of stereotypical movement is that it also creates stereotypical sensory events, e.g., in terms of kinesthetic variables, haptic variables, or, if processed appropriately, visual variables. Thus, a movement primitive executed towards a particular object in the environment will associate a large number of sensory variables that are typical for this manipulation skill. These association can be used to increase robustness towards perturbations, and they also allow failure detection and switching towards other behaviors. We call such movement primitives augmented with sensory associations Associative Skill Memories (ASM). This paper addresses how ASMs can be acquired by imitation learning and how they can create robust manipulation skill by determining subsequent ASMs online to achieve a particular manipulation goal. Evaluation for grasping and manipulation with a Barrett WAM/Hand illustrate our approach.
The influence of pituitary hormones and norepinephrine on the size of adipose cells in organ culture.

The technique of organ culture was used to test the effects of various pituitary hormones and norepinephrine on the size of brown and white adipose cells of mice. The hormonal effects were measured by means of histologic analysis and cell width measurements. A concentration of 10 μg/ml of somatotropin (STH), adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) or lipotropin (LPH) was sufficient to reduce the size and content of intracellular lipid in white fat cells while a concentration of 100 μg/ml was required for similar effects on brown fat cells. Norepinephrine, at concentrations of 0.1 μg/ml or 1.0 μg/ml, was sufficient to reduce markedly the size and lipid content of both types of adipose cells. On a molar basis, these hormones acted in a similar range of concentration. The reduction in size and amount of intracellular lipid in brown and white adipose cells by STH, ACTH, and LPH were prevented when combined with 10 μg/ml of insulin. Insulin prevented the lipid depletion effect of norepinephrine in brown but not white adipose cells.
Cardiac Considerations for the Obstetric Patient

Pregnancy and heart disease present a unique challenge to the anesthesiologist. Pregnancy results in physiological changes to the parturient's cardiovascular system that can unmask or worsen underlying heart disease. To avoid untoward complications resulting in significant maternal and/or fetal morbidity or mortality, the anesthesiologist must be knowledgeable about the progression of heart disease during pregnancy. Discussed are the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and anesthetic management of valvular, congenital, vascular, and ischemic heart disease, and cardiomyopathy in pregnancy.
Interpersonal Strategies Associated With the Discussion of Aids

The disease, AIDS (i.e., acquired immune deficiency syndrome), has raised concern among many people throughout the world. Although medical attention has been focused for some time on identifying the causes and cures of this deadly disease, research designed to examine the psychological aspects of AIDS has just begun. Within this context, two investigations were conducted to construct and validate the AIDS Discussion Strategy Scale (ADSS), an objective self-report instrument designed to measure the types of interpersonal discussion strategies that women and men use if they want to discuss AIDS with an intimate partner. A factor analysis conducted in Study I provided evidence for six AIDS-related discussion strategies: rational, manipulation, withdrawal, charm, subtlety, and persistence. Reliability analyses indicated more than adequate internal consistency for the resulting ADSS subscales (alphas from .74 to .96). Other findings revealed that, relative to males, females reported they would be more likely to use rational types of AIDS discussion strategies with an intimate partner. Additionally, it was found that research participants' stereotypes about AIDS influenced the types of strategies they were likely to use in discussing the topic of AIDS within a close relationship. Other results in Study II provided evidence that men's and women's willingness to discuss AIDS with a potential sexual partner was related to cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of their sexuality.
Hybrid Nanorod-Polymer Solar Cells

We demonstrate that semiconductor nanorods can be used to fabricate readily processed and efficient hybrid solar cells together with polymers. By controlling nanorod length, we can change the distance on which electrons are transported directly through the thin film device. Tuning the band gap by altering the nanorod radius enabled us to optimize the overlap between the absorption spectrum of the cell and the solar emission spectrum. A photovoltaic device consisting of 7-nanometer by 60-nanometer CdSe nanorods and the conjugated polymer poly-3(hexylthiophene) was assembled from solution with an external quantum efficiency of over 54% and a monochromatic power conversion efficiency of 6.9% under 0.1 milliwatt per square centimeter illumination at 515 nanometers. Under Air Mass (A.M.) 1.5 Global solar conditions, we obtained a power conversion efficiency of 1.7%.
Regulation of pentose phosphate pathway dehydrogenases by NADP+/NADPH ratios.

Abstract Equilibrium dialysis indicates that rat liver glucose-6-P dehydrogenase binds two molecules of NADP + per subunit with a dissociation constant of 0.6 × 10 −6 M. The NADP + free enzyme will not bind glucose-6-P indicating a compulsory order of substrate binding. Development of an isotopic assay allowed a direct measurement of the effect of physiological alterations in the NADP + /NADPH ratio on the activity of glucose-6-P and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenases. A combination of enzyme induction and altered NADP + /NADPH ratios could produce 30–50 fold changes in the capacity of these enzymes to produce NADPH during alterations in the nutritional state of the animal.
Crystallographic studies of compounds from the LiH + BeH2 system

Abstract Structural and phase studies were made of LiBeH 3 , Li 2 BeH 4 and Li 3 BeH 5 . Structural studies were carried out on powder X-ray diffraction data using a newly developed structure determination method based on a restricted minimization of the R factor. The atomic coordinates of the last two compounds are given, although those of the third structure, Li 3 BeH 5 , are still not complete. The structure types are given for the first two compounds (phases), LiBeH 3 is an ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) and Li 2 BeH 4 is essentially a phenacite (Be 2 SiO 4 ) which is close in structure to the spinel, olivine (Mg 2 SiO 4 ).
Dematerialization in five US metals sectors: implications for energy use and CO2 emissions

Abstract The US copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and iron and steel sectors exhibit increasing competition for their products from new materials such as plastics and ceramics. The likely result of that competition and increased recycling is a decline in domestic production from virgin materials. Parallel to these developments are continued strong efforts by industry to improve material handling and energy efficiencies, and to switch towards cleaner fuels. What are implications of these trends for material and energy use and CO 2 emissions by the copper, lead, zinc, aluminum and iron and steel sectors? To answer this question, this paper presents a systems view of industrial activity in which the major raw materials and energy flows are traced through the five US metals sectors. Dynamic interrelationships among resource extraction, materials processing, fuel use and technological change are specified on the basis of time series data and engineering information. Projections of material, energy and CO 2 emissions profiles are presented for the years 1990–2020. These projections include energy requirements by the energy sectors to supply various fuels and electricity for the five metals sectors.
Transport of living cells with magnetically assembled nanowires

We present a technique of transporting and positioning living cells internalized by nickel (Ni) nanowires guided by magnetic field. Nanoscale magnetic nanowires are internalized by the Rat Neuroblastoma (ATCC number CRL-2754) and the cells are transported and positioned by magnetic fields from the magnetic material-coated electrodes. This technique may enable the interfacing between neurons and electronic devices to empower investigations pertaining to non-invasive neuron probing as well as nanofabricated neural pharmacological technologies.
Modeling of Effects of Peak Load Pricing on Metropolitan Network and Activities

Peak load pricing has long been seen as a way to internalize externalities, as a set of incentives to shift peak hour trips to off-peak periods, and as a mechanism to generate revenues. However, how travelers trade time for money and respond to peak-off-peak pricing differentials is an open question that generates some timely and related questions, including the following: (a) How can the activity location and traffic implications for multiple times of the day in a major metropolitan area be modeled? (b) What are the network effects of peak load pricing on selected routes on level of service and urban development? It is possible to conduct simulations on actual highway networks to treat these questions. None of the urban models, however, can examine simultaneous route choice and time-of-day choice involving millions of travelers, thousands of traffic network zones, and hundreds of thousands of network links in an equilibrium system. This research addressed these questions by extending the Southern Califor...
Developing a Resilient Co-Management Arrangement for Protected Areas: Field Experience From the Ankeniheny-Zahamena Corridor in Madagascar

In 2003 Madagascar committed to tripling its land in protected areas to conserve its unique biodiversity and essential ecosystem services. Implementing this commitment involved creating a new legal framework, selecting sites, establishing resource use rules, and developing governance arrangements. The Ankeniheny-Zahemana Corridor (CAZ) is among the most advanced in its establishment as a protected area with a co-management governance arrangement. Through literature review, we identified nine elements of good governance: clear resource governance goal, coherent institutional structure, clear rules, participation, transparency, monitoring, enforcement, equity, and transfer of authority. We analyzed the CAZ co-management system to explore the possibilities for improved governance at CAZ. Although the CAZ governance structure was not designed to address the nine theoretical elements of good governance, we found that it has emerged to respond to several of them. Additional research is needed to assess how to m...
Protection against Mycoplasma pulmonis infection by genetic vaccination.

ABSTRACT The induction of an immune response against a foreign protein usually requires purification of that protein, which is injected into animals. The isolation of a pure protein is time consumi...
The influence of geostrophic shear on the cross-isobar angle of the surface wind

A Simple slab model of the planetary boundary layer is extended to include vertical shear of the geostrophic wind. The layer depth is assumed to be determined by a Richardson number criterion. The cross-isobar angle for the surface wind is given in terms of the drag coefficient, the Froude number of the layer, and the angle between the thermal wind and the surface isobars. The theoretical results resemble the observations rather well.
Low-scale gaugino mediation, lots of leptons at the LHC

Low-scale gaugino mediation predicts that gauginos are significantly heavier than scalar superpartners. In order of increasing mass the lightest superpartners are the gravitino, right-handed sleptons, and left-handed sleptons (no light neutralino). This implies that squark decay chains pass through one or more sleptons and typical final states from squark and gluino production at the LHC include multiple leptons. In addition, left-handed staus have large branching fractions into right-handed staus and the Higgs. As an example, we compute the spectrum of low-scale deconstructed gaugino mediation. In this model gauginos acquire masses at tree level at 5 TeV while scalar masses are generated radiatively from the gaugino masses.
Measuring the Cyclicality of Real Wages: How Important is Aggregation Across Industries?

There is a growing consensus among economists that real wages in the postwar U.S. have been moderately to strongly procyclical, particularly in panel data on workers. From the point of view of hiring decisions of firms, however, this conclusion may be premature or even erroneous. Whether a firm's labor demand curve is stable or shifting at business cycle frequencies should be tested with a wage that is deflated by the firm's own price of output, with appropriate controls for the prices of intermediate inputs, and with respect to the cyclical state of the firm's own industry, as opposed to the state of the aggregate economy. I find that failing to control for these factors has led to a substantial procyclical bias in previous estimates of wage cyclicality. In two-digit and four-digit level (SIC) industry data on wages, with controls for changes in worker composition, I find that a substantial majority of sectors have paid real product wages that vary inversely (i.e., countercyclically) with the state of their industry.
Cystic fibrosis and renal disease: a case report

Background Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease that is predominantly seen in the Caucasian population and involves multiple organs. Traditionally it has been thought that the kidney is the only organ which does not seem to be generally affected by the disease although the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene is expressed in the kidney.
Salmonella Osteomyelitis in a Rhesus Monkey

An adult male rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) developed clinical signs of severe osteomyelitis of the left femur 42 days after onset of enteritis. Salmonella sp. were cultured from feces, blood, and femoral lesions. Response to antibiotic therapy was poor, and the animal was euthanized. The left femur, with pathologic fracture and involucrum, and the right femur, tibia and fibula were most severely affected. Additionally hepatic microgranulomas, mild tubulointerstitial nephritis, medullary histiocytosis and erythrophagocytosis in the lymph nodes, and a mild colitis were diagnosed microscopically. The severity of the disease and serum electrophoresis findings were suggestive of lowered resistance to the organism, possibly due to anemia or polychlorinated biphenyl toxicosis.
Liquid Smoke Effects on Escherichia Coli O157:H7, and its Antioxidant Properties in Beef Products

Experiments were performed to evaluate the antibacterial properties of liquid smoke (LS), against E. coli O157:H7, in model (agar) and meat systems. The effects of 8% LS on growth of E. coli O157:H7 attached to ground beef, and 1.5% LS on warmed-over flavor (WOF) in precooked beef patties were also studied. E. coli O157:H7 growth was reduced (p<0.05) 2.3 log 10 CFU/g in ground beef patties after 3d refrigerated storage. TBA numbers, aroma scores and pH values were lower (p<0.05) in LS treated beef patties. LS reduced undesirable flavor development and may help assure the safety of beef products.
Resveratrol and P-glycoprotein Inhibitors Enhance the Anti-Skin Cancer Effects of Ursolic Acid

Ursolic acid, present in apples, rosemary, and other sources, is known to inhibit tumor formation and tumor cell viability in multiple systems, including skin. However, various cancers are resistant to ursolic acid treatment. Herein, skin carcinoma cells (Ca3/7) as compared with skin papilloma cells (MT1/2) displayed more resistance to ursolic acid-induced cytotoxicity. Interestingly, Ca3/7 cells had elevated levels of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependent efflux pump that mediates resistance to chemotherapy in preclinical and clinical settings, and not only accumulated less but also more rapidly expelled the P-gp substrate rhodamine 123 (Rh123) indicating ursolic acid is transported by P-gp. To determine whether P-gp inhibition can enhance ursolic acid-mediated cytotoxicity, cells were challenged with P-gp inhibitors verapamil or cyclosporin A. Alternatively, cells were pretreated with the natural compound resveratrol, a known chemotherapy sensitizer. Verapamil and resveratrol enhanced the effects of ursolic acid in both cell lines, whereas cyclosporin A only did so in Ca3/7 cells. Similarly, verapamil inhibited Rh123 efflux in both lines, whereas cyclosporin A only inhibited Rh123 efflux in Ca3/7 cells. Resveratrol did not inhibit Rh123 efflux in either line, indicating the synergistic effects of resveratrol and ursolic acid are not manifest by inhibition of P-gp–mediated efflux of ursolic acid. These results indicate that the anti-skin cancer effects of ursolic acid are enhanced with P-gp inhibitors. In addition, resveratrol and ursolic acid interact synergistically, but not through inhibition of P-gp. Implications: Resveratrol and/or p-glycoprotein inhibitors in combination with ursolic acid are an effective anti-skin cancer regimen. Mol Cancer Res; 11(12); 1521–9. ©2013 AACR.
Feasibility of laparoscopic renal cooling with near-freezing saline irrigation delivered with a standard irrigator aspirator.

Abstract Objectives To determine the feasibility of laparoscopic renal cooling with near-freezing saline irrigation in the porcine model delivered using readily available operating room equipment. Methods Five pigs underwent laparoscopic renal surgery with temperature sensors placed in the medulla and upper, middle, and lower pole renal cortex. After complete occlusion of the renal artery and vein, near-freezing saline was delivered with a standard irrigator/aspirator onto the renal surface. The run-off was simultaneously suctioned as it pooled in the hilum with a second aspirator. The kidney and body temperatures were monitored throughout the 1-hour ischemic period and for 10 minutes after unclamping the hilum. Results Continuous irrigation of the kidney with near-freezing saline in the first pig resulted in hypothermic renal (13.8°C) and core body (33.1°C) temperatures. For the subsequent four pigs, irrigation was limited to the first 5 minutes of ischemia to achieve renal cortical and medullary temperatures of less than 20.0°C within 6 and 8 minutes of ischemia, respectively. Subsequently, the kidney was irrigated for 1 minute every 12 to 14 minutes to maintain renal temperatures of less than 20.0°C. The core body temperatures decreased from a mean baseline of 37.0° to 35.4°C using the intermittent irrigation technique. Our early clinical experience with near-freezing saline intermittent irrigation during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with 10 patients showed stable core body temperature and serum creatinine with a mean ischemic time of 48 minutes. Conclusions Using standard, readily available laparoscopic irrigator/aspirators, renal cooling during laparoscopic partial nephrectomy with near-freezing saline creates acceptable renal tissue temperatures for preservation of renal function.
Expression and function of HLA-DQ8 (DQA1*0301/DQB1*0302) genes in transgenic mice

Transgenic mice expressing HLA-DQA1*0301 and HLA-DQB1*0302 genes (DQ8) were produced. The transgenes were then transferred into mouse (Ab degrees) class II negative mice: the only class II molecules expressed in these animals were therefore coded by the HLA-DQ8 genes. Good expression of HLA-DQ molecules was found. Both CD4+ T cells and DQ8-specific T-cell receptor V beta expressing cells were positively selected in these mice. The HLA-DQ8 molecules expressed in these animals can present various foreign and self antigens and induce T-cell proliferation in vitro. These mice will be invaluable in future studies of the structure and function of HLA-DQ8 genes.
Humans in the loop: human-computer interaction and security

The security field suffers from an endemic problem: despite our best efforts, the current infrastructure is continually full of security vulnerabilities. The systems that comprise this infrastructure also are full of boundaries and interfaces where humans and systems must interact: most secure systems exist to serve human users and carry out human-oriented processes, and are designed and built by humans. From the perspective of the human-computer interaction (HCO community), many of these interfaces do not reflect good thinking on how to make them easy to use in a manner that results in security. From the perspective of the security community, many widespread security problems arguably might stem from bad interaction between humans and systems. I recently attended a workshop (ACM/CHI 2003 Workshop on Human-Computer Interaction and Security Systems) that tried to bring together these communities to trigger further inquiry into this area. In this article, I want to discuss the workshop and how the thinking there applies to the secure systems topic this department addresses.
Dynamics of escaping flight initiations of Drosophila melanogaster

We present a reconstruction of the dynamics of flight initiation from kinematic data extracted from high-speed video recordings of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. The dichotomy observed in this insectpsilas flight initiation sequences, generated by the presence or absence of visual stimuli, clearly generates two contrasting sets of dynamics once the flies become airborne. By calculating reaction forces and moments using the unconstrained motion formulation for a rigid body, we assess the flypsilas responses amidst these two dynamic patterns as a step towards refining our understanding of insect flight control.
Solving Stochastic Games

Solving multi-agent reinforcement learning problems has proven difficult because of the lack of tractable algorithms. We provide the first approximation algorithm which solves stochastic games with cheap-talk to within ∊ absolute error of the optimal game-theoretic solution, in time polynomial in 1/∊. Our algorithm extends Murray's and Gordon's (2007) modified Bellman equation which determines the set of all possible achievable utilities; this provides us a truly general framework for multi-agent learning. Further, we empirically validate our algorithm and find the computational cost to be orders of magnitude less than what the theory predicts.
Applied geometric tolerancing in accelerator component design

The authors discuss how the ANSI Y14.5M 1982 Standard for Dimensioning and Tolerancing applies to the fabrication of components for cryogenic accelerators. Information on selecting datums and assigning positional tolerances that ensure stress-free mechanical mating conditions as well as interchangeability of parts is included. In addition, modifiers can be used in the feature-control frames that specify allowable deviations from nominal geometry; their use reduces the cost of fabrication without compromising ease of mechanical assembly. The physics requirements unique to the design of linear accelerators also call for the prudent application of some seldom-used modifier that reduces the need for alignment of initial assemblies to optimize accelerator performance. >
FIELD OBSERVATIONS ON WHITE SHRIMP, LITOPENAEUS SETIFERUS, DURING SPRING SPAWNING SEASON IN SOUTH CAROLINA, U.S.A., 1980–2003

Abstract Fishery dependent trawl samples taken in spring prior to commercial shrimp trawling season in South Carolina were analyzed for annual relative abundance, sex ratios, and ovarian development of white shrimp, Litopenaeus setiferus, during 1980–2003. Fishery independent trawl samples were analyzed for relative abundance and ovarian development of female L. setiferus during the same period. Relative abundance varied greatly among years, and was thought to be strongly influenced by winter water temperature. The decade of the 1990s was a period of mild winters and high abundance of white shrimp in South Carolina. Biological observations about size and sex ratios of shrimp were consistent with past studies done along the southeastern Atlantic coast. Proportions of male shrimp in fishery dependent collections appeared to increase with advance of maturation of female shrimp. After spawning, numbers of male shrimp declined, suggesting that males are attracted to location of females prior to spawning, as ha...
Organization and Structure of Clouds and Precipitation on the Mid-Atlantic Coast of the United States. Part VI: The Synoptic Evolution of a Deep Tropospheric Frontal Circulation and Attendant Cyclogenesis

Abstract Interactions between an upper-level frontal system and an initially weak surface cold front resulted in the production of a deep, precipitating frontal structure over the south Atlantic states on 26–27 January 1986. Attendant with the intensification of the frontal circulation was the development of an intense marine cyclone off the Delmarva peninsula. The increase in frontal-circulation strength is attributed to a favorable vertical superposition of the surface frontal trough and the upper-level frontogenetic horizontal deformation field that resulted in a deep column of divergence over the surface frontal trough. The surface cyclone developed partly, and indirectly, in response to the increase in warm-air advection in the lower stratosphere, which was directly related to an increase in the slope of the dynamic tropopause. The increase in the slope of the tropopause is hypothesized to have been the result of the combined effect of adiabatic advection of low tropopause height in the cold air of t...
The Roles of Scripts in Promoting Collaborative Discourse in Learning by Design

Using the design of Learning by Design (LBD) for illustration and results of its enactments as evidence, I make an argument about the roles Schank and Abelson’s (1977) kind of scripts can play in promoting collaborative discourse and present a way of promoting the kind of script learning that results in productive collaborative discourse. LBD’s way of promoting script learning has three parts to it: (i) a set of scripted activity structures and sequences (classroom scripts) that promote productive and appropriate participation in classroom practices (including collaborative discourse), (ii) an approach to instruction that focuses on repeated, deliberative practice of each of these classroom scripts, and (iii) an approach to getting started through launcher units that introduce the scripted activity structures, their sequencing, and how to participate in each. I argue that scripts students learn for participating in classroom practices can play three roles in promoting collaboration and collaborative learning: (i) they help students participate in whole-class discussions and in discursive practices by proposing sequencing for their discourse, (ii) they help students participate in whole-class discussions and discursive practices by proposing content for their discourse, and (iii) they provide focus for small group discourse as students aim their discussion toward fulfilling a script’s expectations in order to be able to participate in the script later. Learning by Design is a design-based approach to science learning.
Vanadium and other metal ions in the physiological ecology of marine organisms

Both natural and polluting metal ions are taken up by marine organisms. For many metal, and metal-containing ions, mechanisms exist which allow these organisms to discriminate between essential and non-essential ions, and reject the latter. In this article we examine the accumulation mechanisms and effects of metal and metal-containing ions on bivalve molluscs and tunicates (sea squirts). Special emphasis is put on the internal or physiological environment of metal ions in marine organisms. A molecular mechanism based on experimental studies is presented to explain the extraordinary accumulation of vanadium in tunicate blood cells called vanadocytes. Vanadium in the form of vanadate anion is transported into the blood cells by passage through anionic channels. Inside the cell it is reduced to cationic V(III) and V(IV) ions which are trapped inside.
Dr. King, Bull Connor, and Persuasive Narratives

This article describes an in-class exercise that illustrates the use of persuasive narrative techniques in a U.S. Supreme Court decision. The article first describes the background to the Supreme Court's decision in Walker v. City of Birmingham. Next, the article examines persuasive narrative techniques through the lens of an in-class exercise in which students identify the Justices' narrative devices and consider how those devices preview the Justices' legal arguments. Finally, the article describes why the Walker case and the exercise are valuable not only to teach persuasive narratives, but also to raise broader issues of lawyering and social justice.
Physician Compensation Models: A Difficult Era

PPACA, aka Obamacare, plus the general economics and failures of the US health care system, are pushing fast and furious change through the entire system. The employment and compensation of physicians is going to change rapidly, and no one yet knows the ultimate outcome.We do, however, know the questions, issues, problems and concerns.
The Genus Ceracea Cragin

The genus Ceracea was established by Cragin (Bull. Washburn Coll. Lab. Nat. Hist. 1: 82. 1884) on the basis of a single col? lection which consisted of a waxy incrustation covering a cluster of pilei of a pore fungus, referred to as "apparently P. versicolor/' The essential characters in Cragin's generic description were the ef? fused, waxy habit and the "mostly bifurcate" sporophores. In the description of the type species, C. vernicosa, the spores are said to be borne "at the apices of the basidia." The clear in?