cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Studying In Vivo Retinal Progenitor Cell Proliferation in Xenopus laevis

The efficient generation and maintenance of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) are key goals needed for developing strategies for productive eye repair. Although vertebrate eye development and retinogenesis are well characterized, the mechanisms that can initiate RPC proliferation following injury-induced regrowth and repair remain unknown. This is partly because endogenous RPC proliferation typically occurs during embryogenesis while studies of retinal regeneration have largely utilized adult (or mature) models. We found that embryos of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis, successfully regrew functional eyes after ablation. The initiation of regrowth induced a robust RPC proliferative response with a concomitant delay of the endogenous RPC differentiation program. During eye regrowth, overall embryonic development proceeded normally. Here, we provide a protocol to study regrowth-dependent RPC proliferation in vivo. This system represents a robust and low-cost strategy to rapidly define fundamental mechanisms that regulate regrowth-initiated RPC proliferation, which will facilitate progress in identifying promising strategies for productive eye repair.
Effects of Thermal Ablation on Diagnostic Interpretation

Thermal ablation (TA) of small renal masses (SRMs) is a well-accepted treatment modality with good long-term oncologic efficacy and low morbidity. Renal mass biopsy (RMB) should be utilized prior to TA to counsel patients and guide surveillance. The role of RMB in post-TA surveillance is poorly defined. TA can stabilize tumor tissue architecture complicating interpretation of histopathology. RMB is recommended, however, for patients in which axial imaging demonstrates a concern for tumor recurrence. Radiographic imaging is critical for the diagnosis, treatment, and surveillance of SRMs. Imaging is necessary to target the lesion during the procedure and to confirm adequate ablation. Following ablation, persistent or recurrent contrast enhancement is concerning for viable tumor that needs to be treated or observed. Other characteristics such as increasing size, lack of involution, or increasing nodularity in the lesion can also be consistent with malignancy. The goal of this chapter is to outline the role of renal mass biopsy around the time of ablation; implications of imaging prior to, during, and after thermal ablation; monitoring of immediate post-procedure success; and criteria for long-term surveillance.
Design of a Dual-Circularly Polarized X-Band Active Phased Array Based on a Balanced-Diplexer

A low-profile X-band phased array aperture is evaluated for possible use on geostationary satellites. A unit cell of this array is a 4 × 4 dual-circularly polarized subarray of magneto-electric dipoles. When used as standalone dual-linearly polarized antenna, the subarray unit cell has reflection coefficient 30 dB over the operating band. A balanced-diplexer consisting of two 90° hybrids and two compact diplexers is fully integrated with each subarray to enable dual-circularly polarized frequency division duplex operation. It is demonstrated that the proposed system has high rejection between transmit and receive bands without the need for highly complex and large diplexers. Scan analysis does not reveal any degradation of isolation; instead, it linearly scales with array size. Radiation patterns of the proposed phased array are grating lobes-free for scanning through the edge of the Earth's field of view.
Prevention of adverse events during treatment of HIV-associated Hodgkin lymphoma with ritonavir and zidovudine.

8085 Background: In response to very high rates of neurologic and hematologic adverse events (AE) when ABVD was used in combination with ritonavir (RTV) or zidovudine (AZT) in HIV-associated Hodgki...
Sixty years of White-tailed Deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) yarding in a Gray Wolf ( Canis lupus )–deer system

This article synthesizes information from over a six-decade period of studies of White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) use of a winter yard and subject to Gray Wolf (Canis lupus) predation in northeastern Minnesota. It also adds spring migration data from 35 adult female deer and fawns studied there during 1998, 1999, 2001, 2014, and 2017. Twenty-nine of these deer migrated in spring a mean distance of 29 km (SE = 4), a maximum distance of 78 km, and at a mean bearing of 83° (SE = 12; range 21–348). These findings are similar to those from 49 deer (both sexes) from the same yard studied during 1974–1984, that migrated a mean distance of 25 km (SE = 1.8) and a mean bearing of 77° ± 4 SE. Between the two periods, the wolf population fluctuated considerably, the winter range of deer in the area where these deer spent summer greatly diminished, and both derechos and fires disturbed the habitat. This study attests to the selective advantage of the migratory tradition of deer in this yard.
Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children in New York State.

Abstract Background A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is associated with coronavirus disease 2019. The New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) established active, statewi...
Tvarak: software-managed hardware offload for redundancy in direct-access NVM storage

Production storage systems complement device-level ECC (which covers media errors) with system-checksums and cross-device parity. This system-level redundancy enables systems to detect and recover from data corruption due to device firmware bugs (e.g., reading data from the wrong physical location). Direct access to NVM penalizes software-only implementations of system-level redundancy, forcing a choice between lack of data protection or significant performance penalties. We propose to offload the update and verification of system-level redundancy to Tvarak, a new hardware controller co-located with the last-level cache. Tvarak enables efficient protection of data from such bugs in memory controller and NVM DIMM firmware. Simulation-based evaluation with seven data-intensive applications shows that Tvarak is efficient. For example, Tvarak reduces Redis set-only performance by only 3%, compared to 50% reduction for a state-of-the-art software-only approach.
3D Integral Imaging Display Processing Using the Similarity of Corresponding Points in Axially Recorded Images

In this paper, we propose a three-dimensional (3D) integral image display method that uses the similarity of corresponding points in a series of axially recorded images. First, we calculate the corresponding points of a 3D object, in view of the proportional relationship of the distances of points in the elemental images collected, using axially distributed sensing (ADS). Next, we extract the depth map using the minimum error of the color values of the corresponding points. Finally, we use the color image and depth map to generate an elemental image array without the need for a lens array. This approach can display a 3D image in integral imaging. To show the usefulness of the method, we obtain the elemental images using ADS through the 3ds Max, and the experimental results demonstrate that the method proposed can extract a depth map for the 3D integral image display.
Testing the developmental hypothesis of the HPA axis in a tropical passerine: Dampened corticosterone response and faster negative feedback in nestling lance-tailed manakins (Chiroxiphia lanceolata).

Abstract When vertebrates are exposed to stressors, the subsequent acute increase in glucocorticoids by the hypothalamic–pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis triggers a suite of adaptive responses, including mobilization of stored energy and repression of non-essential processes. However, chronic exposure to high concentrations of glucocorticoids can lead to metabolic dysregulation, impaired immune function, and cognitive decline. In developing young, this hormonal stress response shows considerable variation. Generally, the physiological stress response of young of precocial species is comparable to that of adults, whereas offspring of altricial species exhibit an attenuated response compared to adults. The developmental hypothesis of the HPA axis proposes that the dampened stress response in dependent offspring is an adaptive response to avoid the negative effects of elevated glucocorticoids, particularly in altricial species where young lack the ability to mitigate stressful stimuli. We aimed to test the developmental hypothesis in a tropical avian species, the lance-tailed manakin (Chiroxiphia lanceolata). We predicted that nestlings of this altricial species should have a dampened corticosterone response, in both magnitude and duration, compared to that of adults. We also predicted that recently fledged hatch-year birds would display a response intermediate to that of adults and nestlings. We quantified circulating corticosterone levels in adults, recently fledged hatch-year birds, and 11-day-old nestlings using a standardized capture and restraint protocol. Nestlings showed a lower maximal corticosterone response and faster negative feedback compared to adults. Further, five post-fledging hatch-year birds showed a feedback response intermediate to those of nestlings and adults. However, we caution against generalizing about fledgling responses beyond this study due to the small sample (n = 5). Interestingly, lance-tailed manakin nestlings appear to return to baseline concentrations faster than nestlings of temperate species. These results support the developmental hypothesis of the HPA axis explaining variation in stress response. This study is the first to assess the development of the hormonal stress response in nestlings of a tropical bird, which is of interest because of our still-developing understanding of how tropical and temperate species differ physiologically. Finally, findings here underscore the importance of validating and adjusting sampling protocols that quantify nestling stress responses, as sampling timelines identified for adults may underestimate the magnitude of the nestling stress response.
Sex differences in anger states after violent video game play and the relationship of empathy and emotional invalidation as pre-aggressive predictors in young adults

Abstract Previous research indicates that anger and aggressive behavior may increase with exposure to violence, particularly from playing violent video games. However, this literature is mixed with few studies examining individual differences that account for these inconsistencies. Therefore, we conducted a within-subjects experiment examining state anger in young adults after violent and nonviolent video game play. Importantly, we examined how individual differences involving levels of empathy, childhood emotional invalidation, anger traits, and sex may relate to state anger outcomes. Our results suggest that sex differences play a role in anger states after violent video game play. Specifically, only females showed increased levels of state anger. Lower empathy was a strong predictor of increased anger expression, and emotionally invalidating childhood environments was related to higher levels of trait anger. Implications from these results may include a possible buffering role that empathy and childhood emotional validation have in anger outcomes, while emphasizing the importance of examining individual differences and their outcomes resulting from playing violent video games.
Fracture Management: Basic Principles, Immobilization, and Splinting

Fracture immobilization in the acute orthopedic trauma patient is necessary for fracture reduction, joint stability, and pain control and to prevent soft tissue injury. However, precise splinting is achieved through much experience and repetition with focus on soft tissue protection and proper final positioning. This instructional chapter will address basic fracture principles, reduction and splinting principles, techniques for common upper and lower extremity splints, and complications related to incorrect splinting.
Association of baseline frailty status and age with postoperative morbidity and mortality following intracranial meningioma resection

Although numerous studies have established advanced patient age as a risk factor for poor outcomes following intracranial meningioma resection, large-scale evaluation of frailty for preoperative risk assessment has yet to be examined. Weighted discharge data from the National Inpatient Sample were queried for adult patients undergoing benign intracranial meningioma resection from 2015 to 2018. Complex samples multivariable logistic regression models and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to evaluate adjusted associations and discrimination of frailty, quantified using the 11-factor modified frailty index (mFI), for clinical endpoints. Among 20,250 patients identified (mean age 60.6 years), 35.4% (n = 7170) were robust (mFI = 0), 34.5% (n = 6985) pre-frail (mFI = 1), 20.1% (n = 4075) frail (mFI = 2), and 10.0% (n = 2020) severely frail (mFI ≥ 3). On univariable analysis, these sub-cohorts stratified by increasing frailty were significantly associated with the development of Clavien–Dindo grade IV (life-threatening) complications (inclusive of those resulting in mortality) (1.3% vs. 3.1% vs. 6.5% vs. 9.4%, p < 0.001) and extended length of stay (eLOS) (15.4% vs. 22.5% vs. 29.3% vs. 37.4%, p < 0.001). Following multivariable analysis, increasing frailty (aOR 1.40, 95% CI 1.17, 1.68, p < 0.001) and age (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.05, 1.38, p = 0.009) were both independently associated with development of life-threatening complications or mortality, whereas increasing frailty (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10, 1.32, p < 0.001), but not age, was associated with eLOS. Frailty (by mFI-11) achieved superior discrimination in comparison to age for both endpoints (AUC 0.69 and 0.61, respectively). Frailty may be more accurate than advanced patient age alone for prognostication of adverse events and outcomes following intracranial meningioma resection.
Reconciling Supported Decision Making with Shared Decision Making in the Context of Potential Vulnerability

Supported decision making, as outlined by Peterson et al. highlights real-world challenges in the messy context of clinical care (Peterson et al. 2021). We agree with Peterson et al. that patients ...
Understanding the Link Between Adolescent Same-Gender Contact and Unintended Pregnancy: The Role of Early Adversity and Sexual Risk Behavior

Past research suggests an apparent paradox: Women who engage in same-gender sexual behavior show higher rates of unintended pregnancy than women with exclusive other-gender sexual behavior. Such women also have disproportionate rates of early adversity (both harshness, such as abuse or neglect, and unpredictability, such as father absence). We used the Add Health data (N = 5,617 cisgender women) to examine the relative contributions of early adversity, adolescent same-gender sexual behavior, and general sexual risk behavior to women’s risks for adult unintended pregnancy. Women who engaged in adolescent same-gender sexual behavior were more likely to report childhood adversity, and both childhood adversity and adolescent same-gender behavior made independent contributions to subsequent rates of unintended pregnancy. The association between adolescent same-gender sexual behavior and adult unintended pregnancy was partially attributable to the fact that women with adolescent same-gender sexual behavior engaged in greater sexual risk behavior more broadly. These findings suggest that same-gender sexual behavior in adolescence may relate to a broader set of sexual risk behaviors that augment future risk for unintended pregnancy, independent of sexual identity. We draw on life history theory to explain this pattern of results and suggest directions for future research.
Effect of Nonionic Surfactant on Transport of Model Drugs in Emulsions

Purpose. To investigate the influence of excess surfactant on transport kinetics in emulsions, using phenylazoaniline (PAA), benzocaine, benzoic acid and phenol as model drugs. Mineral oil was chosen as the oil phase and the nonionic surfactant, polyoxyethylene oleyl ether (Brij 97) as the emulsifier.
Predictors and Trajectories of Morning Fatigue Are Distinct From Evening Fatigue.

Abstract Context Fatigue is the most common symptom in oncology patients during chemotherapy. Little is known about the predictors of interindividual variability in initial levels and trajectories of morning fatigue severity in these patients. Objectives An evaluation was done to determine which demographic, clinical, and symptom characteristics were associated with initial levels as well as the trajectories of morning fatigue and to compare findings with our companion paper on evening fatigue. Methods A sample of outpatients with breast, gastrointestinal, gynecological, and lung cancer ( n = 586) completed demographic and symptom questionnaires a total of six times over two cycles of chemotherapy. Fatigue severity was evaluated using the Lee Fatigue Scale. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to answer the study objectives. Results A large amount of interindividual variability was found in the morning fatigue trajectories. A piecewise model fit the data best. Patients with higher body mass index, who did not exercise regularly, with a lower functional status, and who had higher levels of state anxiety, sleep disturbance, and depressive symptoms reported higher levels of morning fatigue at enrollment. Variations in the trajectories of morning fatigue were predicted by the patients' ethnicity and younger age. Conclusion The modifiable risk factors that were associated with only morning fatigue were body mass index, exercise, and state anxiety. Modifiable risk factors that were associated with both morning and evening fatigue included functional status, depressive symptoms, and sleep disturbance. Using this information, clinicians can identify patients at higher risk for more severe morning fatigue and evening fatigue, provide individualized patient education, and tailor interventions to address the modifiable risk factors.
The relative value of pure oxygen and of carbon dioxide mixtures in experimental resuscitation

Abstract 1.1. The apnea of experimental anoxemia in animals reduplicates exactly the clinical picture, as well as the blood oxygen levels, of asphyxia neonatorum. 2.2. When animals are asphyxiated to the stage of apnea, resuscitation is accomplished just as quickly by insufflation with pure oxygen as it is with carbon dioxide mixtures; in the presence of profound asphyxia, pure oxygen is more efficacious than carbon dioxide. 3.3. Following resuscitation with pure oxygen the restored respiration remains normal in rate, amplitude, and general character, but following resuscitation with carbon dioxide mixtures the respiration tends to be convulsive and irregular; it frequently becomes shallow so that further artificial respiration is needed. 4.4. If animals are allowed to breathe 25 per cent carbon dioxide in oxygen for 7 to 15 minutes, grave toxic effects are produced which often result in death. 5.5. In experimental anoxemia pure oxygen is superior to carbon dioxide as a resuscitating agent, a circumstance which is in keeping with the view that pure oxygen is likewise preferable in the treatment of asphyxia neonatorum.
Application of 3D X-Ray CT Data Sets to Finite Element Analysis

Finite Element Modeling is widely used by the research community and industry in order to grasp a better understanding of real-world applications through computer simulations. This engineering tool is becoming more important as industry drives towards concurrent engineering. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is typically made up of three steps, namely the creation of a mesh, the computer simulation, and the post-processing of the results. A fundamental hindrance to fully exploiting the power of FEM is the human effort required to acquire complex part geometries. This preprocessing can represent up to 80% of an engineer’s time. Therefore, the need to minimize the amount of interactivity cannot be over stressed. Besides the need for a speed-up, the meshing should be based upon actual “as-built” geometries, which should be preferred to as-designed geometries from CAD models or generic descriptions. A CAD model may not accurately account for all the changes to the initial design that take place during the manufacturing process. A CAD model may simply not be available if the manufacturer has gone bankrupt or is part of the competition. In biomechanics applications, the generic descriptions of human parts are not precise enough, which limits the use of Finite Element Models.
The Action of Two-Joint Muscles

(1903). The Action of Two-Joint Muscles. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 141-145.
Omega Agatoxin IVA

Omega Agatoxin IVA, a selective P and Q-type calcium channel blocker, is isolated from the venom of funnel web spider Agelenopsis aperta (Western Grass Spider) …
An analysis of late morbidity in one hundred cases of pregnancy toxemia

Abstract The chief morbidity to be found in toxemia patients at late postpartum examination is hypertensive disease. The observation, published by Teel and Reid, concerning the fall in blood pressure which they observed during the second trimester in women with essential hypertension, makes it seem likely that much of the morbidity which the literature has attributed to toxemia may be due to antecedent, unrecognized vascular disease. It is suggested that patients who do not have reliable vascular and renal estimations prior to the toxemic pregnancy be omitted from morbidity studies. In our study there was no evidence of significant vascular or renal morbidity in patients known to be normal prior to their toxemic pregnancies.
16/spl times/10 GHz multiwavelength mode locked InGaAsP laser with closed loop spectral control

Summary from only given. We report on the design and development of a semiconductor optical amplifier based multiwavelength laser. This work expands upon previous efforts utilizing external cavity oscillators based on SOAs at both 830 and 1550 nm. The laser configuration is shown as a unidirectional ring cavity that comprised of 2.3 mm MQW InGaAsP SOA bulk optics.
A BiFET differential current-mode transceiver for the intelligent peripheral interface

The design of a three-channel driver/receiver chip is discussed. The electrical characteristics of the chip meet the requirements for one class of standard interface. The chip features differential current-mode drivers and differential receivers, and is designed in a 6-GHz/1.0- mu m BiFET process. Design techniques used to meet the requirements of the interface specification while remaining within limitations imposed by technology and economic factors are discussed. Results obtained with the chip are presented. >
Globally decoupled reputations for large distributed networks

Reputation systems help establish social control in peer-to-peer networks. To be truly effective, however, a reputation system should counter attacks that compromise the reliability of user ratings. Existing reputation approaches either average a peer's lifetime ratings or account for rating credibility by weighing each piece of feedback by the reputation of its source. While these systems improve cooperation in a P2P network, they are extremely vulnerable to unfair ratings attacks. In this paper, we recommend that reputation systems decouple a peer's service provider reputation from its service recommender reputation, thereby, making reputations more resistant to tampering. We propose a scalable approach to system-wide decoupled service and feedback reputations and demonstrate the effectiveness of our model against previous nondecoupled reputation approaches. Our results indicate that decoupled approache significantly improves reputation accuracy, resulting in more successful transactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness and scalability of our decoupled approach as compared to PeerTrust, an alternative mechanism proposed for decoupled reputations. Our results are compiled from comprehensive logs collected from Maze, a large file-sharing system with over 1.4 million users supporting searches on 226TB of data.
Pain prevalence and trajectories following pediatric spinal fusion surgery.

Abstract Factors contributing to pain following surgery are poorly understood, with previous research largely focused on adults. With approximately 6 million children undergoing surgery each year, there is a need to study pediatric persistent postsurgical pain. The present study includes patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis undergoing spinal fusion surgery enrolled in a prospective, multicentered registry examining postsurgical outcomes. The Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire–Version 30, which includes pain, activity, mental health, and self-image subscales, was administered to 190 patients prior to surgery and at 1 and 2 years postsurgery. A subset (n = 77) completed 5-year postsurgery data. Pain prevalence at each time point and longitudinal trajectories of pain outcomes derived from SAS PROC TRAJ were examined using analyses of variance and post hoc pairwise analyses across groups. Thirty-five percent of patients reported pain in the moderate to severe range presurgery. One year postoperation, 11% reported pain in this range, whereas 15% reported pain at 2 years postsurgery. At 5 years postsurgery, 15% of patients reported pain in the moderate to severe range. Among the 5 empirically derived pain trajectories, there were significant differences on self-image, mental health, and age. Identifying predictors of poor long-term outcomes in children with postsurgical pain may prevent the development of chronic pain into adulthood. Perspective This investigation explores the prevalence of pediatric pain following surgery, up to 5 years after spinal fusion surgery. Five pain trajectories were identified and were distinguishable on presurgical characteristics of age, mental health, and self-image. This is the largest study to examine longitudinal pediatric pain trajectories after surgery.
Apoptosis and nuclear factor-κb: a tale of association and dissociation

Abstract It is not clear why on treatment with certain killer cytokines or chemotherapeutic agents, some cells undergo apoptosis while others do not. The delineation of sensitivity/resistance pathways should provide a more specific therapy for cancer and other hyperproliferative diseases. Most cells die either by apoptosis or by necrosis. The biochemical pathway that mediates these two modes of cell death has recently been described. The nuclear factor (NF)-κB and the genes regulated by this transcription factor have been shown to play a critical role in induction of resistance to killer agents. Thus, inhibitors of NF-κB activation have a potential in overcoming resistance to apoptosis induced by various agents. The evidence for and against such a notion is discussed.
PtCl2-Promoted cyclopropane opening in [4+2+2] homo Diels–Alder cycloadducts

Abstract A new and readily available catalytic system has been developed to open the cyclopropane ring in [4+2+2] homo Diels–Alder cycloadducts formed by reaction of norbornadienes and 1,3-butadiene. The cobalt-mediated homo Diels–Alder reaction followed by this PtCl 2 -promoted isomerization is a key step in the efficient route to bicyclo[5.3.0]decanes, core of numerous natural products.
Comparison of human and canine external femoral morphologies in the context of total hip replacement.

The canine is frequently used as a model for human hip arthroplasty research. In order to better understand the appropriateness of the canine as a model for human total hip replacement studies, the external morphology of canine and human femurs were examined and compared. Several differences were found between canine and human femora, including angular measurements, anterior bow, and femoral head position relative to the femoral diaphysis. In addition, the human femur was noted to undergo age-related changes in several of the measured parameters. The canine femur did not exhibit any age-related changes in the measured parameters. This study suggests that there are limitations to the use of the canine model in human hip arthroplasty research, and that discretion must be exercised when attempting to extrapolate results from a canine study to the human clinical condition. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF NORMAL AND NEOPLASTIC MELANOCYTES IN THE SYRIAN HAMSTER, WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO CARCINOGEN-INDUCED MELANOTIC TUMORS

The dermal melanocyte system of the Syrian hamster is particularly responsive to the melanogenetic and tumor-inducing effects of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The melanocytes of the hair follicles appear to be susceptible to the melanogenetic effect of DMBA but not to its tumor-inducing effect. The epidermal melanocytes are non-pigmented and are unresponsive to both melanogenetic and carcinogenic effects of DMBA. The pigmented granules of the dermal melanocytes of both the golden and the white hamster have an identical substructure and pattern of melanization which occurs in an orderly fashion on a delicate fibrillar component. The hair melanocytes have larger pigment granules with a more complicated fibrillar substructure. The epidermal melanocytes do not possess pigment granules but are recognized by their dendritic shape, the absence of desmosomes and tonofilaments, and the presence of racket-shaped or rod-shaped organelles. The melanin granules in neoplastic melanocytes of the golden hamster differ from corresponding normal melanocytes only in their larger size. In the white hamster, however, the melanin granules in tumors produced under identical experimental conditions are so bizarre and atypical that consideration was given to the possibility that a genetic difference in the melanization pattern between the two varieties becomes apparent in carcinogen-induced melanotic tumors. No definite conclusions could be reached as to the precise origin of the melanin granules in either normal or neoplastic melanocytes.
Ambivalence about the Angelic Life: The Promise and Perils of an Early Christian Discourse of Asceticism

The equation of the ascetic life with “the angelic life” permeates ancient writing about the renunciatory efforts of Christians; indeed, contemporary scholars often use this same discourse as shorthand for the ascetic movement in Christianity. While the analogy between renunciation and angels began as an inventive exegetical extension of a gospel story, it found traction among the fourth-century bishops who were pressed to make sense of new ascetic movements in their territories. Those in late ancient renunciatory communities knew that lay Christians referred to them as “living the angelic life,” and community members put this trope to use among themselves: by envisioning angels as a constant audience for their practices, ascetics created and sustained the boundaries between their communities and the world. Imagining ascetic communities to be places where angels could appear at any moment also created constructive solutions for the sometimes difficult navigation between the strict ideal of perfection in virtue and the flexibility demanded by life in community. At the same time, angelic appearances generated their own difficulties on occasion—both conflicts of authority and crises of identity. Far from an entirely positive identification, being thought of as living “the angelic life” was a prospect received in ascetic literature with ambivalence, and at times disdain.
Plant Water Stress Effects on the Net Dispersal Rate of the Insect Vector Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and Movement of Its Egg Parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae)

Homalodisca vitripennis (Germar), a vector of Xylella fastidiosa, is associated with citrus plantings in California. Infested citrus orchards act as a source of vectors to adjacent vineyards where X. fastidiosa causes Pierce's disease. An analysis of the pattern and rate of movement of H. vitripennis and its egg parasitoid, Gonatocerus ashmeadi Girault, was conducted in a citrus orchard by using a protein mark-capture technique to quantify movement and net dispersal rates in the experimental areas. Treatments included irrigation at 100% of the crop evapotranspiration rate (ET(c)), 80, and 60% ET(c). Sex-specific net dispersal rates showed that H. vitripennis males and females moved consistently and contributed equally to the level of population change within treated areas. Trees irrigated at 60% ET(c) were the least preferred by H. vitripennis. Among all protein-marked individuals captured in the 60% ET(c) treatment, ≈ 75 and 88% in 2005 and 2006, respectively, were inflow individuals. Movement toward less preferable plants indicates that in agricultural landscapes dominated by perennial monocultures, there is a random component to H. vitripennis movement, which may result from the inability of H. vitripennis to use plant visual cues, olfactory cues, or both to make well-informed long-range decisions. The 80% ET(c) areas were a significant source of adult H. vitripennis and G. ashmeadi compared with the other treatments. Colonization rates by parasitoids were synchronized with the spatiotemporal distribution of H. vitripennis eggs. Results suggest that H. vitripennis movement from citrus into adjacent vineyards could be a result of random dispersal rather than oriented movement in response to host-plant characteristics.
Terahertz optical mixing in biased GaAs single quantum wells

The nonlinear mixing of near-infrared (NIR) and terahertz (THz) laser beams is investigated experimentally in a square $\mathrm{GaAs}$ quantum well structure, where the symmetry of the sample can be controlled by applying an electric field along the growth direction. The mixing produces sidebands, which appear at ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\text{sideband}}={\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{NIR}}+n{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{THz}}$, where $n=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1,2,\dots{}$. For a given $\mathrm{THz}$ frequency, the intensity of the $n=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ sidebands displays two main resonances as a function of the NIR frequency. These resonances are separated by the $\mathrm{THz}$ frequency. Their intensity is found to depend strongly on the electric bias and on $\mathrm{THz}$ frequency. The $n=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$ sideband intensity is zero when the sample is unbiased and increases significantly with bias. The sideband is strong when the $\mathrm{THz}$ laser frequency is tuned in resonance with an intersubband transition and also at low $\mathrm{THz}$ frequencies. The main features of our results are explained qualitatively, except at very high $\mathrm{THz}$ intensities, by a perturbative model of the nonlinear susceptibility ${\ensuremath{\chi}}^{(\ensuremath{\mid}n\ensuremath{\mid}+1)}$. At high $\mathrm{THz}$ intensities, the resonances are observed to red shift and broaden.
Energizing Your Teaching: Developing a Community of Learning

This paper is based on comments made in a presentation at the 1998 Annual Meeting of the American Accounting Association. Dennis M. Hanno is the Associate Dean for Undergraduate Matters at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. INTRODUCTION Teaching is my passion, and it is a passion that energizes every aspect of my role as a faculty member. It helps to motivate my research because I know that new knowledge will be created and then, through teaching, shared with my students and others. In addition, outreach and service activities provide me with opportunities to teach more people than the students in my classroom, and to teach in different ways and in varied forums. Talking and writing about teaching is also an enjoyable and fruitful activity for me. Palmer (1993) argues that continuing, thoughtful conversation about teaching is essential to creating an environment where good teaching can flourish. I concur with his belief that “the growth of any skill depends heavily on honest dialogue among those who are doing it.” Faculty often labor in a private world of teaching, and this solitude can discourage even the most adventurous teacher from discovering and trying new approaches. We are fortunate as accounting educators to have a number of forums for active discussion and sharing of ideas about teaching, and my active involvement in this dialogue also helps to energize my teaching activities. Each of us brings different skills and a unique background to the classroom, and we are all faced with the unique environment created by our academic institutions and students. As accounting educators, we also may be involved in teaching a wide range of subject matter. I realize that as a result of these differences, the tips and techniques that I use to energize my own teaching, or to motivate my students, may not be effective for others.1 However, I believe there are certain common themes and guiding principles that underlie what we all do. In reflecting on how I stay energized, I believe it
Chemokine Mediated Monocyte Trafficking into the Retina: Role of Inflammation in Alteration of the Blood- Retinal Barrier in Diabetic Retinopathy

Inflammation in the diabetic retina is mediated by leukocyte adhesion to the retinal vasculature and alteration of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB). We investigated the role of chemokines in the alteration of the BRB in diabetes. Animals were made diabetic by streptozotocin injection and analyzed for gene expression and monocyte/macrophage infiltration. The expression of CCL2 (chemokine ligand 2) was significantly up-regulated in the retinas of rats with 4 and 8 weeks of diabetes and also in human retinal endothelial cells treated with high glucose and glucose flux. Additionally, diabetes or intraocular injection of recombinant CCL2 resulted in increased expression of the macrophage marker, F4/80. Cell culture impedance sensing studies showed that purified CCL2 was unable to alter the integrity of the human retinal endothelial cell barrier, whereas monocyte conditioned medium resulted in significant reduction in cell resistance, suggesting the relevance of CCL2 in early immune cell recruitment for subsequent barrier alterations. Further, using Cx3cr1-GFP mice, we found that intraocular injection of CCL2 increased retinal GFP+ monocyte/macrophage infiltration. When these mice were made diabetic, increased infiltration of monocytes/macrophages was also present in retinal tissues. Diabetes and CCL2 injection also induced activation of retinal microglia in these animals. Quantification by flow cytometry demonstrated a two-fold increase of CX3CR1+/CD11b+ (monocyte/macrophage and microglia) cells in retinas of wildtype diabetic animals in comparison to control non-diabetic ones. Using CCL2 knockout (Ccl2−/−) mice, we show a significant reduction in retinal vascular leakage and monocyte infiltration following induction of diabetes indicating the importance of this chemokine in alteration of the BRB. Thus, CCL2 may be an important therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic macular edema.
Retinoic acid 4-hydroxylase inducibility and clinical response to isotretinoin in patients with acne.

Background The cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme CYP26 (retinoic acid [RA] 4-hydroxylase) initiates the catabolism of all- trans RA ( t RA) and limits the effects of t RA. The CYP26 enzyme acts specifically on t RA, but not 13- cis RA (isotretinoin), a retinoid used to treat severe acne. However, 13- cis RA can isomerize to t RA, which can then be metabolized by CYP26. Objective In healthy individuals, we assessed the variability of CYP26 enzymatic activity. We then investigated whether response to oral 13- cis RA among patients with acne correlates with variability in CYP26 expression. Methods In healthy individuals, we isolated microsomal fractions from the epidermis of keratome biopsy specimens and measured CYP26 enzymatic activity in untreated skin and skin treated with t RA. Enzymatic activity was determined based on rate of formation of 4-hydroxy RA (pg/min/mg microsomal protein). Using real-time polymerase chain reaction we quantified CYP26 messenger RNA induction after t RA application in patients with acne who responded or did not respond to one course of 13- cis RA. Results In normal-appearing skin (N = 118), CYP26 enzymatic activity was widely variable (1-180 pg/min/mg microsomal fraction; mean 42.7 ± 3.5). Furthermore, CYP26 enzymatic activity was inducible in a dose-dependent manner in normal-appearing skin after t RA application, but not correlated with age or sex (N = 29). In patients with acne, CYP26 messenger RNA induction after 0.1% t RA application did not differ ( P > .05) between patients who responded (N = 8, 587 ± 325-fold) or did not respond (N = 8, 657 ± 227-fold) to one course of 13- cis RA. Limitations The small number of patients with acne treated with 13- cis RA was a major limitation. Conclusion Factors other than CYP26 activity may determine response to isotretinoin in acne.
Enhancing group technology modeling with database abstractions

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to show the common basis of several database design modeling principles as compared with those modeling principles used in group technology. In addition, an implementation of a group technology retrieval schema utilizing a relational database management system is detailed. By taking advantage of this ‘what is common’ approach, two groups of relatively isolated modelers, one group from the database/information systems world, the other from the group technology world, will be able to share some common semantic ground. The group technology principles of “Mutually Exclusive” classification and “Common Element” classification are shown to be in exact correspondence with the database abstraction principles of “Generalization” and “Aggregation”. In addition, it is suggested that an additional modeling principle from the database world, namely “Association”, be incorporated within the mainstream of group technology modeling, thus resulting in increased modeling precision and power.
Use of chromosomal translocations to locate genes in maize for resistance to high‐pH soil

Abstract A maize inbred line (Purple 3036–1) with tolerance to nigh‐pH soils was crossed with susceptible homozygous translocation stocks that marked all chromosome arms, except the short arms of 3 and 7 and the long arm or 10. F2’s and test crosses to the appropriate translocation stocks were used in the analysis. A randomized complete block design with eight replications was used to evaluate the height difference between paired rows grown from normal and mutant seeds. Six replications were grown on land that had formerly been a creek bed and ranged in pH from 8.2 to 9.1 at 0 to 20 cm. Two replications were grown in a nearby field with a pH of 7.9 at 0 to 20 cm as a control. The treatment design was a split‐split‐plot with the translocation being the whole plot, the F2 and test cross involving the same translocation as the subplot, and the normal and mutant (sugary or waxy) rows as the sub‐subplot. The results were evaluated using a t‐test that combined data from both the F2 and the test cross of a parti...
Death and the family.

The author constructs measures to investigate the impact of declining mortality during the twentieth century on the structure of the American family. "Rather than attempting to summarize the total impact of mortality upon a cohort the present study develops hypothetical situations to provide insights into the dynamic role of death in family life." The role of mortality as an independent variable producing change in parent-child bonds orphanhood divorce and fertility rates the number of dependent elderly persons and widowhood is analyzed (EXCERPT)
A work load-oriented heuristic methodology for manufacturing cell formation allowing reallocation of operations

Abstract The majority of manufacturing cell formation procedures are routing-based and rely on existing part routings. However, the reliance on fixed routings in cell formation can be subject to criticism since operations can often be performed on alternative machines. This paper suggests a new heuristic methodology that incorporates the concept of reallocating operations to alternative machines, while meeting capacity constraints. The procedure works with routes specified both in terms of operation and machines and uses a clustering technique based on a new similarity index. Furthermore, the procedure is user-interactive, allowing the analyst to intervene at several points during the cell formation process.
Health Care Reform in the Light of History

The health care crisis in the United States has roots that reach into the nineteenth century. An examination of the cultural, social, and economic roots should warn against piecemeal and short‐range measures to correct a fragmented system which, despite all its achievements, is draining the economy while it fails to meet the needs of millions. Unlike the Western European experience, it began as a loosely organized and loosely co‐ordinated system, responding as it grew to the forces of change: research from Europe, technological advances, corporate interests, the need for a healthier labour force, and the economic stimuli of the marketplace. Throughout the centuries, the delivery of medical care was seen in the terms of the buying and selling of a commodity. Professional and corporate groups are interested in keeping it essentially as it is by emphasizing its accomplishments and predicting setbacks of all kinds if drastic change is made. Argues that if the reformers in and out of government do not recogniz...
New model of collision-induced infrared absorption spectra of H2He pairs in the 2–2.5 μm range at temperatures from 20 to 300 K: An update

A revised numerical method to calculate the collision-induced absorption rotovibrational (RV CIA) spectra of H2He pairs in the fundamental band of hydrogen, at temperatures from 20 to 300 K is presented. The paper corrects few inaccuracies which exist in the previous modeling of the H2He absorption in this frequency range. New computations account for the previously neglected J-dependence of the vibrational matrix elements of the induced dipoles. Model spectra are presented which reproduce closely the latest quantum mechanical results and are found to agree with most experimental CIA coefficients of H2He to within a few percent. The numerical model uses simple analytical model lineshapes and can generate the RV CIA spectra of H2He extremely efficiently. A FORTRAN program, H2HE01, utilizing the described method is available upon request from the author. This work is of interest for the modeling of the atmospheres of the outer planets in the near-infrared region of the spectrum.
Performance assessment of a candidate architecture for real-time woofer-tweeter controllers: simulation and experimental results

We evaluate the performance of a woofer-tweeter controller architecture for the new 3-meter Shane Telescope (Lick Observatory) laser guidestar adaptive optics (AO) system. Low order, high stroke phase correction is performed using the normal modal basis set of the Alpao woofer deformable mirror (DM). Since the woofer and tweeter DMs share the same wavefront sensor, the projected woofer phase correction is offloaded from the high-order, low stroke phase aberrations corrected by the tweeter DM. This ensures the deformable mirrors complementarily correct the input phase disturbance and minimizes likelihood of the tweeter actuators saturating. Preliminary analysis of on-sky closed-loop deformable mirror telemetry data from currently operating AO systems at Mt. Hamilton, as well as statistically accurate Kolmogorov phase screens, indicate that correction of up to 34 woofer modes results in all tweeter actuators remaining within their stroke limit.