cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
False promise and new hope: dead perpetrators, imagined documents and emergent archival evidence

When those accused of being high-level perpetrators of human rights abuse die before publicly yielding their secrets in legal and archival arenas, victims may simultaneously express relief about the perpetrator's demise and grief that, along with it, possible crucial information about the past is lost forever. Although the accused do not usually directly admit their actions and the teasing out of what actually happened is dependent upon the complex processes of cross-examination of their testimony and of records and other forms of evidence, victims project such moments of revelation onto the public act of holding accused perpetrators to account. In their deaths, the accused become forever-from-now-on unavailable and thus unassailable evidence – in essence; they are transformed into imagined documents that can never be cross-examined. In this construction, the would-be testimony of perpetrators is given epistemological validity over that of victims, offering up the false and unfulfillable promise of establ...
Earthworm distribution and density across a climatic gradient within the Inland Pacific Northwest cereal production region

Despite their recognized importance in promoting crop yields and soil health, little is known about earthworm species composition and density within the cereal production region of the Inland Pacific Northwest (IPNW). The overall goal of this work was to understand the influence of climatic factors and soil properties on the presence/absence and density of earthworm species found in the region. The IPNW cereal production region includes a steep climatic gradient and can be divided into four agroecological classes (annual cropping, transition crop-fallow, crop-fallow and irrigated) (AECs) according to the dominant cropping systems present. Replicate sites were selected within the annual cropping, transition and crop-fallow AECs and earthworm density, diversity and soil properties were measured. Earthworm diversity was extremely low. Only two of the sampled sites had more than a single species, and these sites were both in the wettest AEC. Aporrectodea trapezoides was the predominant species sampled, and this species was present at every site where earthworms were found. Earthworms were present at all sites within the annual cropping and transition classes, while only 13.3% of sites within the crop-fallow AEC had earthworms. When only sites with earthworms were considered, earthworm metrics were greater in the driest crop-fallow AEC (density = 151.2 individuals m−2) compared to 113.8 individuals m−2 in the transition and 86.4 individuals m−2 in annual cropping fields and a significant negative correlation was found with precipitation. The data suggest that while earthworms are largely absent from the driest sites, they can achieve relatively high density and biomass values when local conditions (soil properties and management) are favorable. A clear minimum threshold of mean annual precipitation (MAP) between 330 and 370 mm was observed, with earthworms absent from all fields with MAP values below 330. This value is lower than those previous reported for A. trapezoides and demonstrates the species’ ability to deal with warm, dry conditions. Biomass values (mean of 94.3 g m−2) for sites with earthworms were generally above those reported to be necessary to significantly influence crop yields, suggesting that further research focusing on quantification of the impact of earthworm on crop yields in this important agricultural region is warranted.
Influence of Foliar Pubescence on Abundance and Parasitism of Bemisia argentifolii (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Soybean and Peanut

Field experiments were established in 1993 and 1994 to investigate population levels and parasitism of silverleaf whitefly, Bemisia argentifolii Bellows & Perring, on 3 near-isolines of soybean, Glycine max L., that varied in hairiness, and on 1 cultivar of peanut, Arachis hypogaea L. The original intent was to determine whether soybean could be used as a trap crop to reduce whitefly infestation in peanut. In 1993, we found that whiteflies preferred soybean to the extent that they laid few eggs on peanut in the trap crop experiment. Substantially greater populations of immature whiteflies occurred in pubescent and hirsute soybean than in either glabrous soybean or peanut. In 1994, only pubescent soybean supported substantially greater number of whiteflies than glabrous soybean, however, all soybean genotypes supported more whiteflies than peanut. In 1993, whiteflies were less often parasitized on hirsute soybean than on peanut or on the other soybean genotypes. In 1994, however, parasitism differed significantly among the 4 plant types on only 2 dates. In both years, parasitoid species were distributed differently on the 4 plant types. Encarsia nigricephala Dozier and Encarsia transvena Timberlake more commonly parasitized whitefly on peanut and on glabrous soybean than on the hairy soybean genotypes. Conversely, Encarsia pergandiella Howard and Eretmocerus nr. californicus Howard more often parasitized whitefly on the hairy soybean genotypes.
Interethnic Competition for Classroom Teacher, Assistant Principal, Principal, and Administrator Jobs in Multiethnic U.S. School Districts, 2002-2008:

Previous research on interethnic competition has not examined public school jobs across the United States. We use U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission data to answer two research questions....
Abstract 4691: Evaluating the effectiveness of community based breast cancer and prostate cancer interventions among African Americans

Health disparities among African Americans have been of key concern for the past decade. High rates of morbidity due to HIV/AIDS, heart disease, and cancer have led to the creation of new and more innovative efforts to educate African Americans about health disparities. The current paper is an assessment of the use of Community Theater to educate African Americans about breast and prostate cancers. To assess the effectiveness of theater, a team of health professionals, psychologists, and biomedical scientists were convened to develop two scripts written by a local playwright: “Stealing Clouds” which focused on breast cancer and “Fourth and a Mile” which focused on prostate cancer. A retrospective pre/post-test design with a 3-month delayed time series follow up was employed using surveys from participants upon viewing the plays. Results of both theatre presentations indicated that the plays were significant in increasing knowledge and awareness about both breast and prostate cancers. Furthermore, results indicated that participants, as a result of viewing the plays, reported increased likelihood of engaging in healthier behaviors (i.e., physician visits, testing). To assess the impact of Community Theatre as an effective medium, data was collected from a local health center indicating higher increases in mammography and prostate cancer exams as results of the plays. Given the high rates of cancer among African Americans, continued creation and evaluation of the effectiveness of such community-based efforts should be of key import in reducing and addressing cancer disparities. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4691.
Environmental Causes of CNS Maldevelopment

Developmental processes and the effects of toxic agents in the environment that alter CNS growth and maturation are reviewed by a researcher in the Department of OB/GYN, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY.
Baseline investigation of contamination situation of dental unit waterlines in department of stomatology of medical institutions in Jiangsu

OBJECTIVE To investigate the contamination situation of dental unit waterlines in department of stomatology in Jiangsu provincial medical institutions,explore the causes,and to provide the scientific evidence for the prevention and control of heathcare-associated infection.METHODS A tertiary hospital and a second-level hospital were selected as the surveillance points according to good compliance in whole Jiangsu province.We detected the total-bacterial-count and total-fungi-count of waterline to evaluate the contamination situation of dental unit waterlines in department of stomatology.RESULTS In all,eleven provincially administered municipalities were included in the analysis and 275 samples were assayed(dental hand-piece water: 154 samples;dental washing water: 121 samples).Bacterial count in total was(2800±27166)CFU/ml,and fungi count in total was(300±11351)CFU/ml.Meanwhile,bacterial count in tertiary hospital was significantly higher than that of in second-level hospital(P=0.002).Interestingly,we found that bacterial count of dental hand-pieces water was significantly higher than that of dental washing water(P0.001),which also proved in the subgroup analysis according to different level of hospitals.Negative pathogenic bacteria were detected in all available samples.CONCLUSION The cleaning and disinfection of waterline of dental units should be strengthened,monitoring periodically,and replacing the salvage filter in time can reduce the morbidity of healthcare-associated infection among dental patients.
A Coordinated Method of Host and Terminal Injection for Fault Isolation and Restoration Testing of Distribution Automation Systems

In order to improve the fault isolation and restoration test on distribution automation systems(DAS),a host and terminal coordinated injection test approach is put forward.The starting condition of DAS is injected by the host injection equipment.The fault information of the other terminals on the feeder are injected by the terminal injection equipment.The simulated switches made up of relays are implanted to replace the feeder switches.Thus,the fault isolation and restoration property of DAS can be tested without outage.By implanting a few terminal injection installations on the corresponding feeder terminal units in turn while the fault information of the other terminal units is injected by the host injection equipment,the amount of terminal injection equipment and the manpower can be reduced.Comparisons are made between the host injection test approach,the terminal injection test approach and the proposed coordinated approach of host and terminal injection.An example is given to show the feasibility and advantages of the test approach proposed.
Large-scale training to increase speech intelligibility for hearing-impaired listeners in novel noises

Supervised speech segregation has been recently shown to improve human speech intelligibility in noise, when trained and tested on similar noises. However, a major challenge involves the ability to generalize to entirely novel noises. Such generalization would enable hearing aid and cochlear implant users to improve speech intelligibility in unknown noisy environments. This challenge is addressed in the current study through large-scale training. Specifically, a deep neural network (DNN) was trained on 10 000 noises to estimate the ideal ratio mask, and then employed to separate sentences from completely new noises (cafeteria and babble) at several signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs). Although the DNN was trained at the fixed SNR of − 2 dB, testing using hearing-impaired listeners demonstrated that speech intelligibility increased substantially following speech segregation using the novel noises and unmatched SNR conditions of 0 dB and 5 dB. Sentence intelligibility benefit was also observed for normal-hearing listeners in most noisy conditions. The results indicate that DNN-based supervised speech segregation with large-scale training is a very promising approach for generalization to new acoustic environments.
Companion Diagnostic Tests in HIV Medicine: The Road to Personalized Medicine

Pharmacogenomic and pharmacogenetic tests are increasingly being used during drug development.
IMPS-31FOCAL BRAIN RADIATION INDUCES SYSTEMIC LYMPHOPENIA IN MICE

BACKGROUND: Approximately 40% of patients with high grade glioma (HGG) develop severe and prolonged lymphopenia after beginning standard radiation and concurrent temozolomide. This lymphopenia is associated with shortened survival. This animal model was developed to further evaluate the mechanisms behind radiation-induced lymphopenia. METHODS: 7-12 weeks old C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice received focal brain irradiation using the small animal radiation research platform (SARRP). Two radiation plans were studied: 2 Gy x 30 fractions or 4 Gy x 10 fractions. Blood was collected weekly via peripheral tail vein. Lymphocytes were labelled with antibodies to CD3, CD4, CD8 and CD45 and analyzed by Hemavet, Flow Cytometry and TruCount. RESULTS: In all four groups (n = 32) - C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice receiving prolonged and abbreviated schemes: 2 Gy x 30 fractions and 4 Gy x 10 fractions - lymphopenia was achieved but not sustained. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice total lymphocyte counts decreased by 71% and 54% of baseline respectively, after 6 weeks of radiation. C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice total lymphocyte counts decreased by 80% and 64% of baseline respectively, after 2 weeks of radiation. Within 3 weeks of the completion of radiation, counts returned to 60-80% of baseline. CONCLUSION: This animal model demonstrates that focal radiation to a limited brain field is capable of inducing profound lymphopenia as is seen in patients with HGG. This radiation-induced lymphopenia occurs in either strain of mice, C57BL/6 and BALB/c. Unlike humans, this radiation-induced lymphopenia rapidly recovers after radiation is discontinued. Thus, this model provides an opportunity to investigate the mechanisms underlying etiology of radiation-induced lymphopenia but is not ideal to study interventions to improve the recovery of this lymphopenia. Additional studies are being conducted to further assess lymphocyte subtypes and cytokines.
ArcGIS and Python

ArcGIS provides a palette of sophisticated tools for processing and analyzing geographic data. There are several ways in which these tools can be used. For example, ArcToolbox tools can be run from ArcToolbox by clicking on the tool and filling out a form to specify the parameters; they can be run from ModelBuilder Models, and they can be run from Python scripts using the arcpy package. This chapter discusses ArcToolbox, ModelBuilder, ArcCatalog, Python’s ArcGIS capabilities, the arcpy package, arcpy functions, and environment settings.
Polyphenols and Sunburn

Polyphenols are antioxidant molecules found in many foods such as green tea, chocolate, grape seeds, and wine. Polyphenols have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic properties. Growing evidence suggests that polyphenols may be used for the prevention of sunburns as polyphenols decrease the damaging effects of ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation on the skin. This review was conducted to examine the evidence for use of topically and orally ingested polyphenols in prevention of sunburns. The PubMed database was searched for studies that examined polyphenols and its effects on sunburns. Of the 27 studies found, 15 met the inclusion criteria. Seven studies were conducted on human subjects and eight on animals (mice and rats). Eleven studies evaluated the effects of topical polyphenols, two studies examined ingested polyphenols, and two studies examined both topical and ingested polyphenols. Polyphenol sources included the following plant origins: green tea, white tea, cocoa, Romanian propolis (RP), Calluna vulgaris (Cv), grape seeds, honeybush, and Lepidium meyenii (maca). Eight studies examined green tea. Overall, based on the studies, there is evidence that polyphenols in both oral and topical form may provide protection from UV damage and sunburn, and thus are beneficial to skin health. However, current studies are limited and further research is necessary to evaluate the efficacy, mechanism of action, and potential side effects of various forms and concentrations of polyphenols.
Effects of resistance exercise training on doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity

Although highly effective, doxorubicin (DOX) use is limited by a dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether resistance training (RT) would protect against DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction and determine whether any observed functional preservation is a result of reduced lipid peroxidation or a preservation of the cardiac myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform distribution. Rats were resistance-trained or remained sedentary for 12 weeks, then treated with 12.5 mg/kg DOX or 0.9% saline. Five days after DOX exposure, cardiac function, lipid peroxidation, and MHC isoform expression were quantified. RT preserved cardiac function and attenuated the α-to β-MHC shift that occurs with DOX treatment. No significant differences in lipid peroxidation were observed between sedentary and RT animals treated with DOX. These data suggest that resistance-type exercise can provide protection against DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, which may be a result of a preservation of the cardiac MHC isoform distribution.
Qualitative assessment of simulation-based training for pediatric trauma resuscitation.

Background Effective teamwork is critical in the trauma bay, although there is a lack of consensus related to optimal training for these skills. We implemented in situ trauma simulations with debriefing as a possible training methodology to improve team-oriented skills. Methods Focus groups were conducted with multidisciplinary clinicians who respond to trauma activations. The focus group questions were intended to elicit discussion on the clinicians’ experiences during trauma activations and simulations with an emphasis on confidence, leadership, cooperation, communication, and opportunities for improvement. Thematic content analysis was conducted using Atlas.ti analytical software. Results Ten focus groups were held with a total of 55 clinicians. Qualitative analysis of focus group feedback revealed the following selected themes: characteristics of a strong leader during a trauma, factors impacting trauma team members’ confidence, and effective communication as a key component during trauma response. Participants recommended continued simulations to enhance trauma team trust and efficiency. Conclusion Clinicians responding to pediatric trauma resuscitations valued the practice they received during trauma simulations and supported the continuation of the simulations to improve trauma activation teamwork and communication. Findings will inform the development of future simulation-based training programs to improve teamwork, confidence, and communication between trauma team members.
Places of Refuge and Sanctuary.

Several incidents in the last year started me (JF) thinking about asylum seekers and their search for refuge from the terrors of war, violence, and persecution. Refugees from Syria, Iraq, and Afgha...
Curie: Policy-based Secure Data Exchange

Data sharing among partners---users, companies, organizations---is crucial for the advancement of collaborative machine learning in many domains such as healthcare, finance, and security. Sharing through secure computation and other means allow these partners to perform privacy-preserving computations on their private data in controlled ways. However, in reality, there exist complex relationships among members (partners). Politics, regulations, interest, trust, data demands and needs prevent members from sharing their complete data. Thus, there is a need for a mechanism to meet these conflicting relationships on data sharing. This paper presents, an approach to exchange data among members who have complex relationships. A novel policy language, CPL, that allows members to define the specifications of data exchange requirements is introduced. With CPL, members can easily assert who and what to exchange through their local policies and negotiate a global sharing agreement. The agreement is implemented in a distributed privacy-preserving model that guarantees sharing among members will comply with the policy as negotiated. The use of Curie is validated through an example healthcare application built on recently introduced secure multi-party computation and differential privacy frameworks, and policy and performance trade-offs are explored.
20.6 A 0.5V-V IN 1.44mA-class event-driven digital LDO with a fully integrated 100pF output capacitor

In today's system-on-chip designs, a low-drop-out voltage regulator (LDO) is one of the most popular choices to create a distinct voltage domain owing to its high power density. Many LDOs, however, need a large output capacitor (C OUT ) to compensate a fast load current (I LOAD ) change, increasing the number of pins and off-chip components. In synchronous digital LDO designs, high frequency can miniaturize C OUT , but it inevitably causes power inefficiency [2]. A recent work has instead employed an event-driven (ED) control scheme to alleviate the C OUT requirement, demonstrating a 400µA-class digital LDO with a C OUT of 400pF [1]. The ED scheme is promising, but it is still desirable to develop an LDO which can support a larger I LOAD with a smaller C OUT . This is indeed a daunting challenge since a substantial reduction in feedback latency (T LAT ) is necessary to retain the same level of output voltage change (ΔV OUT ) with a smaller C OUT . In this work, to shorten latency, we propose to infuse fine-grained parallelism into ED control systems and develop a fully integrated digital LDO. The prototyped LDO can support 1.44mA I LOAD at 0.5V V IN , 0.45V V SP , and 99.2% peak current efficiency. The LDO shows less than 34mV (7.6%) ΔV OUT with a 0.1nF C OUT when ΔI LOAD is ±1.44mA.
Switchgrass Cultivation within Loblolly Pine Plantations Influences Invertebrate Community Composition and Resource Use

Abstract Global interest in biofuels has resulted in the development of novel land-use practices for the production of cellulosic biomass. One novel land-use practice that has recently been developed is intercropping switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) between rows of planted loblolly pines (Pinus taeda). However, our understanding of how intercropping switchgrass influences loblolly pine flora and fauna is limited. Therefore, we evaluated the influence of switchgrass cultivation within loblolly pine stands on invertebrate communities. We detected 2,913 individuals (n = 1,172 and 1,741 in 2014 and 2015, respectively), encompassing 13 orders. To examine invertebrate community composition among treatments, we conducted metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) in R. Multivariate analysis determined that treatment had a significant (Pr(>r) = 0.01) influence on invertebrate communities. Furthermore, stable isotope analysis suggests that Orthopterans are not assimilating cultivated switchgrass (C4 species), but are ins...
Constraining the Magmatic System at Mount St. Helens (2004-2008) Using Bayesian Inversion With Physics-Based Models Including Gas Escape and Crystallization

Physics-based models of volcanic eruptions track conduit processes as functions of depth and time. When used in inversions, these models permit integration of diverse geological and geophysical data sets to constrain important parameters of magmatic systems. We develop a 1-D steady state conduit model for effusive eruptions including equilibrium crystallization and gas transport through the conduit and compare with the quasi-steady dome growth phase of Mount St. Helens in 2005. Viscosity increase resulting from pressure-dependent crystallization leads to a natural transition from viscous flow to frictional sliding on the conduit margin. Erupted mass flux depends strongly on wall rock and magma permeabilities due to their impact on magma density. Including both lateral and vertical gas transport reveals competing effects that produce nonmonotonic behavior in the mass flux when increasing magma permeability. Using this physics-based model in a Bayesian inversion, we link data sets from Mount St. Helens such as extrusion flux and earthquake depths with petrological data to estimate unknown model parameters, including magma chamber pressure and water content, magma permeability constants, conduit radius, and friction along the conduit walls. Even with this relatively simple model and limited data, we obtain improved constraints on important model parameters. We find that the magma chamber had low (<5 wt %) total volatiles and that the magma permeability scale is well constrained at ∼10−11.4m2 to reproduce observed dome rock porosities. Compared with previous results, higher magma overpressure and lower wall friction are required to compensate for increased viscous resistance while keeping extrusion rate at the observed value.
An Analysis of Left Ventricular Retraining in Patients With Dextro- and Levo-Transposition of the Great Arteries

Background Patients with dextro (D)-transposition of the great arteries (TGA) who have undergone a previous atrial switch and for some patients with levo (L)-TGA (ie, no ventricular septal defect or outflow tract obstruction), the left ventricle (LV) may require retraining before late arterial switch. The purpose of this study was to analyze the results of LV retraining for these two entities. Methods This was a retrospective review of 51 patients enrolled in an LV retraining program. There were 25 patients with D-TGA and 26 with L-TGA. The median age of the D-TGA patients was 15 years, and 22 of 25 were in New York Heart Association class III or IV. The median age of the L-TGA patients was 12 months, and 3 of 26 patients were in New York Heart Association class III or IV. Results LV retraining was successful in 13 of the 25 patients (52%) with D-TGA, and 10 these 13 patients (77%) underwent successful late arterial switch. Of the 26 patients with L-TGA, LV retraining was successful in 24 (92%), and a double-switch operation was successful in 19 of 19 (100%) who subsequently underwent that procedure. A mathematical formula based on the incremental gain in left-to-right ventricular pressure ratio correctly predicted the success or failure in 94% of the patients. Conclusions The data demonstrate differences in the success of LV retraining and late arterial switch for D-TGA and L-TGA. We would propose that the LV retraining ratio may be useful in objectively selecting patients eligible for late arterial switch.
Distributed Quickest Detection of Cyber-Attacks in Smart Grid

In this paper, online detection of false data injection attacks and denial of service attacks in the smart grid is studied. The system is modeled as a discrete-time linear dynamic system and state estimation is performed using the Kalman filter. The generalized cumulative sum algorithm is employed for quickest detection of the cyber-attacks. Detectors are proposed in both centralized and distributed settings. The proposed detectors are robust to time-varying states, attacks, and set of attacked meters. Online estimates of the unknown attack variables are provided, that can be crucial for a quick system recovery. In the distributed setting, due to bandwidth constraints, local centers can only transmit quantized messages to the global center, and a novel event-based sampling scheme called level-crossing sampling with hysteresis is proposed that is shown to exhibit significant advantages compared with the conventional uniform-in-time sampling scheme. Moreover, a distributed dynamic state estimator is proposed based on information filters. Numerical examples illustrate the fast and accurate response of the proposed detectors in detecting both structured and random attacks and their advantages over existing methods.
Comparative life-cycle assessment of a novel osmotic heat engine and an organic Rankine cycle for energy production from low-grade heat

Abstract A comparative life-cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of an osmotic heat engine (OHE) and an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for electrical energy generation from low-grade heat. The OHE is a novel membrane-based process that couples pressure retarded osmosis (an energy generating process) and membrane distillation (a working fluid regeneration process), whereas the ORC is an established power cycle. The LCA considered the material use for system construction and operation, and found that the environmental impacts for both the construction and operation stages of the OHE were higher than the ORC. The sensitivity analysis concluded that OHE environmental impacts could be reduced by 80% with future improvements to PRO membranes and membrane module performance. Additionally, with further improvements the OHE could be a viable energy production process that can increase energy efficiency and reduce CO2 emissions from coal and natural gas power plants by 20.5 and 11.9 million kg of CO2 per year, respectively.
Professional Work, Cooperative Work, Meeting Software: A Practical View

To decide how we can aid professional work with new technologies, we first need to consider the true nature of that work. In the context of an office for professional work (which could be any organization — military, commercial, or industrial — but excluding organizations doing straight volume-processing such as paying insurance claims), the single most important process is probably professional interaction. It is through professional interaction (often cross-disciplinary, increasingly often multi-cultural) that complex assignments largely acquire their professional value added. An office is very much a social environment, and sociolinguistic and ethnographic research shows that “social maintenance work” — greetings, incidental chat, informal discussions — and the transmission of substantive information are often inextricably interwoven, even in the same utterance.2 Staff are always engaged in the joint production of meaning, especially with those belonging to another group as they work to understand each other’s points of view and even the words they seem to have in common (for example, words such as “file” and “archive” mean significantly different things to a computer specialist and a records management specialist or archivist).
Peace and The Arts

The creative arts, including dance, film, music, theater, visual art, and writing, are not inherently oppositional or approving of war. The roles that artists play vary across time and place: they can passionately dissent and produce evocative images and symbols around which resistance can rally, or strongly endorse combat and willingly generate ideological support for it. Since the mid-twentieth century, however, artists have increasingly adopted the oppositional stance. Art is not merely mirror-like, reflecting what is happening. In a postmodern, globalized world, art can generate visions of peace, reconciliation, and coexistence, foretelling a new status quo that transcends whatever state of affairs politicians typically imagine.
Observation of Ballistic Rotons in Liquid 4He

The excitations produced when a pulsed 4He atomic beam strikes the surface of liquid 4He held near T ~ OK have been measured as a function of direction in the liquid and time elapsed since the beam was generated. Comparison of the data with a theory which assumes that a single atom is converted into a single excitation indicates that the observed signals are due to ballistic phonons and rotons, although the experimental velocity and angular distributions of the excitations are displaced from the theoretical ones. The direction of the displacements suggests that multiple ripplon production occurs as an atom approaches the liquid surface, as predicted by Echenique and Pendry.
Outcomes of a Gratitude Practice in an Online Community of Caring.

Abstract Objectives: CaringBridge (CB) is a web-based social network where people share information, enlist support, and access resources following a difficult diagnosis; it can also be used to dis...
Solubility of Water in Aprotic Heterocyclic Anion (AHA) Ionic Liquids

The hydrophobic–hydrophilic character of a series of 15 tetra-alkylphosphonium ionic liquids with aprotic heterocyclic anions (AHAs) was studied by measuring their liquid–liquid equilibrium with wa...
Balancing caregivers and children interaction to support the development of self-regulation skills using a smartwatch application

Wearable computing solutions have been used to support children and adults with autism and ADHD previously. The design of these technologies, however, require a deep understanding not only of what is possible from a clinical standpoint but also how the children themselves might understand and orient towards wearable technologies, such as a smartwatch. In this work, we were interested in supporting children and their caregivers in participating in co-design to explore the issue of transitioning from self-regulation to co-regulation.
Molecular Basis of the Ternary Interaction between NS1 of the 1918 Influenza A Virus, PI3K, and CRK

The 1918 influenza A virus (IAV) caused the worst flu pandemic in human history. Non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is an important virulence factor of the 1918 IAV and antagonizes host antiviral immune responses. NS1 increases virulence by activating phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) via binding to the p85β subunit of PI3K. Intriguingly, unlike the NS1 of other human IAV strains, 1918 NS1 hijacks another host protein, CRK, to form a ternary complex with p85β, resulting in hyperactivation of PI3K. However, the molecular basis of the ternary interaction between 1918 NS1, CRK, and PI3K remains elusive. Here, we report the structural and thermodynamic bases of the ternary interaction. We find that the C-terminal tail (CTT) of 1918 NS1 remains highly flexible in the complex with p85β. Thus, the CTT of 1918 NS1 in the complex with PI3K can efficiently hijack CRK. Notably, our study indicates that 1918 NS1 enhances its affinity to p85β in the presence of CRK, which might result in enhanced activation of PI3K. Our results provide structural insight into how 1918 NS1 hijacks two host proteins simultaneously.
Mesoporous Pd@Pt nanoparticle-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of atrazine.

Abstract Atrazine is a widely used herbicide in the United States; however, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has issued warnings about atrazine because of its reported potential harmful effects on animals and humans. Therefore, developing efficient ways to detect this herbicide’s residue are critically important. The competitive ELISA is a useful method for detecting chemicals for which antibodies exist due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency. However, the assay typically requires a separate application of a secondary antibody linked to an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of a non-colored organic to a detectable colored product. In this study, we used the recently developed peroxidase-like mesoporous core–shell palladium@platinum (Pd@Pt) nanoparticle which can easily be bound directly to primary antibody, thereby eliminating the need for a secondary antibody conjugate. We report a first instance in which this technique is applied for use in a competitive assay for small molecules, in this case the herbicide atrazine. Due to their high-surface area and mesoporous structure, Pd@Pt nanoparticles enable fast mass transfer for reaction with excellent catalytic activity. This leads to high sensitivity in our immunoassay with a limit of detection of 0.5 ng mL−1 defined by selecting an IC10 concentration, i.e., the analyte concentration at which 10% of the available Pd@Pt nanoparticle-labeled antibody is inhibited from binding to a plate coated with a bovine serum albumin-atrazine conjugate. We applied our method to well-water and pond water samples spiked with atrazine. Our tests at 5, 10, and 20 ng mL−1 yielded recoveries of 99 – 115%, offering strong supporting evidence that atrazine and other low molecular weight herbicides and pesticides can be detected using this immunoassay approach. Detection with this method is expected to lead to its use in a wide spectrum of applications in agriculture, medical, and biotechnology arenas.
Two-Phase Ligand Exchanges on CdSe Nanoplatelets

Ligand exchanges of L-type amine-ligated wurtzite CdSe nanoplatelets (NPLs) are investigated under two-phase conditions employing hexane as the nonpolar phase and DMF as the polar phase. Exchange w...
Assessing Elite Athletes Using PROMIS Tools: The STEALTH Project (Student Athlete Health Assessment):

Objectives:Injuries are a major part of elite sports, and patient-reported outcomes tools (PROs) are becoming commonplace for the assessment of injury and treatment outcomes. The National Institute...
Upper extremity injuries related to air bag deployments

Case studies of upper extremity injuries related to air bag deployments are presented. Such injuries range from forearm and hand erythema, contusions, lacerations, or thermal burns, to fractures or dislocations of the thumb, wrist, and forearm. The close proximity of the forearm or hand to the air bag module door is related to most of the fractures identified. Air bag deployments from the steering wheel can fling the hand-forearm into the instrument panel, rearview mirror or windshield.
Agglomeration and informality: Evidence from Peruvian establishments

This paper contributes to the emerging literature investigating agglomeration externalities in developing countries and focuses on the less studied differences between the formal and the informal sector. Using establishment‐level data and instrumental variable estimations, we find that both formal and informal establishments benefit from agglomeration externalities. We provide evidence that informal establishment total factor productivity (TFP) increases more with city size than formal establishment TFP. We also provide causal evidence on the source of agglomeration externalities by formality status by examining industry coagglomeration pairs and instrumenting with data on Columbian input–output and labor industry–pair relationships. We find little evidence of benefits from stronger input–output relationships at the city level, but substantial benefits associated with shared labor.
Filmmaking as Pedagogy: Using Video for Creative Fieldwork in Study Abroad

Creativity is a valued trait across many disciplines, including business, education, math, and the arts, and has been positively associated with intelligence, self-esteem, and an increase in behavi...
A Hypoxia Sensitive to Hypoxia Resistant Transformation in Long-Lived Germline Mutants

Signals from the germline play a significant role in determining longevity in numerous animal models. In C. elegans , ablation of the germline leads to long life span and various other types of stress resistance. It has been reported that mutations that block oogenesis or an upstream step in germline development confer strong resistance to hypoxia. We report here that the hypoxia resistance of sterile mutants is dependent on developmental stage and age. In just a 12-hour period, sterile animals transform from hypoxia sensitive L4 larvae into highly hypoxia resistant adults. Since this transformation occurs in animals with no germline, the physiological programs that determine hypoxia sensitivity must occur independently of germline signals and instead rely on developmental signals from somatic tissues. Furthermore, we found two distinct mechanisms of hypoxia resistance in long-lived germline deficient animals. First, a DAF-16/FoxO independent mechanism that occurs in all hypoxia resistant sterile adults and, second, a DAF-16/FoxO dependent mechanism that confers an added layer of resistance, or “super-resistance”, to animals with no germline as they age past day 1 of adulthood. RNAseq data showed that nearly all genes involved in both cytosolic and mitochondrial protein translation, as well as in mitochondrial protein import, are repressed in germline deficient adults and further repressed as they age. The hypoxia super-resistance of aging germline deficient animals was suppressed by dual mutation of ncl-1 and larp-1 , two regulators of nucleolar biology and protein translation, demonstrating that the hypoxia super-resistance mechanism involves reduced protein translation. These studies provide novel insight into a profound physiological transformation that takes place in germline mutants during development, showing that some of the unique physiological properties of these long-lived animals are dependent on developmental repression of genes involved in protein translation, which operate independently of germline signals.
Bowenoid papulosis

Bowenoid papulosis is a recently described condition with a clinically benign appearance of multiple reddish-brown or violaceous papules. The histologic picture, however, is that of squamous-cell carcinomain situ. In the reported cases the lesions usually occurred on the genitalia of patients in the third or fourth decades of life. We recently encountered a patient who presented with papules in the anal area. Human papillomavirus has been identified as the causative agent. Differentiation from Bowen's disease is usually possible due to the presence of multiple small lesions and the young age of the patients. The longterm consequences of bowenoid papulosis are still unknown. The presence of human papillomavirus in a female or her sexual partner places her at higher risk for cervical neoplasia. The treatment of bowenoid papulosis is ablation or 5-FU cream.
Phytochrome B triggers light-dependent chromatin remodelling through the PRC2-associated PHD finger protein VIL1.

To compensate for a sessile nature, plants have developed sophisticated mechanisms to sense varying environmental conditions. Phytochromes (phys) are light and temperature sensors that regulate downstream genes to render plants responsive to environmental stimuli1–4. Here, we show that phyB directly triggers the formation of a repressive chromatin loop by physically interacting with VERNALIZATION INSENSITIVE 3-LIKE1/VERNALIZATION 5 (VIL1/VRN5), a component of Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2)5,6, in a light-dependent manner. VIL1 and phyB cooperatively contribute to the repression of growth-promoting genes through the enrichment of Histone H3 Lys27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a repressive histone modification. In addition, phyB and VIL1 mediate the formation of a chromatin loop to facilitate the repression of ATHB2. Our findings show that phyB directly utilizes chromatin remodelling to regulate the expression of target genes in a light-dependent manner. Phytochrome B was found to directly trigger light-dependent chromatin remodelling by physically interacting with a component of PRC2, thereby regulating the expression of target genes, including growth-promoting genes.
An ethical decision-making framework with serious gaming: a smart water case study on flooding

Abstract Sensors and control technologies are being deployed at unprecedented levels in both urban and rural water environments. Because sensor networks and control allow for higher-resolution monitoring and decision making in both time and space, greater discretization of control will allow for an unprecedented precision of impacts, both positive and negative. Likewise, humans will continue to cede direct decision-making powers to decision-support technologies, e.g. data algorithms. Systems will have ever-greater potential to effect human lives, and yet, humans will be distanced from decisions. Combined these trends challenge water resources management decision-support tools to incorporate the concepts of ethical and normative expectations. Toward this aim, we propose the Water Ethics Web Engine (WE)2, an integrated and generalized web framework to incorporate voting-based ethical and normative preferences into water resources decision support. We demonstrate this framework with a ‘proof-of-concept’ use case where decision models are learned and deployed to respond to flooding scenarios. Findings indicate that the framework can capture group ‘wisdom’ within learned models to use in decision making. The methodology and ‘proof-of-concept’ system presented here are a step toward building a framework to engage people with algorithmic decision making in cases where ethical preferences are considered. We share our framework and its cyber components openly with the research community.
Religion-State Relations in the United States and Germany: The Quest for Neutrality

This comparative analysis of the constitutional law of religion-state relations in the United States and Germany focuses on the principle of state neutrality. A strong emphasis on state neutrality, a notoriously ambiguous concept, is a shared feature in the constitutional jurisprudence of the US Supreme Court and the German Federal Constitutional Court, but neutrality does not have the same meaning in both systems. In Germany neutrality tends to indicate more distance between church and state, whereas the opposite is the case in the United States. Neutrality also has other meanings in both systems, making straightforward comparison more difficult than it might seem. Although the underlying trajectory of neutrality is different in both countries, the discussion of neutrality breaks down into largely parallel themes. By examining those themes in a comparative perspective, the meaning of state neutrality in religion-state relations can be delineated.
The use of protoplasts and separated cells in plant virus research.

Publisher Summary This chapter considers the uses of separated cells, protoplasts, and cultured cells of callus origin for studies in plant virology. This is a rather restricted topic at the moment as the number of published papers is few. However, in correspondence and discussions with a number of plant virologists, it has been ascertained that many laboratories are adopting such systems and the literature should see a dramatic growth. With a few exceptions, the studies to date have tended to define the conditions for the preparation and infection of cells and protoplasts, and to demonstrate that virus does indeed multiply therein. There is very little “problem solving” attempting to answer some of the challenging questions of how plant viruses replicate and how they affect their hosts. This situation should change once the novelty of being able to infect these cells pass. This chapter includes a “problem solving” section in the review to show what has been done to date.
Lognormal Simulation of Pore Evolution During Cement and Mortar Hardening

A model to describe the pore sizes in cement paste and mortar, as determined by high pressure mercury intrusion porosimetry, has been developed. The model describes porosity using a compound lognormal distribution. For given material under a given set of curing conditions, the weighing factors and shape parameters of two sub-distributions in the lognormal model may be considered as constants, while the location parameters may be related to curing time and the relationship can be quantified. Therefore, it is possible to predict both the pore size distribution in cement and mortar at any age as well as the evolution in pore size during curing.