cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Orthopaedic Implant-Related Sarcoma: A Study of Twelve Cases

Sarcoma developing in association with a metallic orthopaedic prosthesis or hardware is an uncommon, but well recognized complication. We review 12 cases of sarcomas arising in bone or soft tissue at the site of orthopaedic hardware or a prosthetic joint. Nine patients were male, and three were female. Their ages ranged from 18 to 85 (mean 55) years at the time of diagnosis of the malignancy. Five patients had undergone hip arthroplasty for degenerative joint disease, four had been treated with intramedullary nail placement for fracture, two had staples placed for fixation of osteotomy, and one had hardware placed for fracture fixation followed years later by a hip arthroplasty. The time interval between the placement of hardware and diagnosis of sarcoma was known in 11 cases and ranged from 2.5 to 33 (mean 11) years. The patients presented with pain, swelling, or loosening of hardware and were found to have a destructive bone or soft tissue mass on radiography. Two sarcomas were located primarily in the soft tissue and 10 in bone. Seven patients developed osteosarcoma, four malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and one a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. All sarcomas were high grade. Three patients had metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Follow-up was available on eight patients: five patients died of disease 2 months to 8 years (mean 26 months) after diagnosis; two patients died without evidence of disease 7 and 30 months after diagnosis; and one patient is alive and free of disease 8 years after diagnosis. Sarcomas that occur adjacent to orthopaedic prostheses or hardware are of varied types, but are usually osteosarcoma or malignant fibrous histiocytoma. They behave aggressively and frequently metastasize. Clinically, they should be distinguished from non-neoplastic reactions associated with implants, such as infection and a reaction to prosthetic wear debris.
Green electroluminescence from an ionic iridium complex

We report green emission from a single-layer device based on the ionic transition metal complex [Ir(F‐mppy)2(dtb‐bpy)]+(PF6−), where F-mppy is 2-(4′-fluorophenyl)-5-methylpyridine and dtb-bpy is 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′bipyridine. External quantum efficiencies of up to 1.1% are achieved with air-stable contacts, and up to 1.8% with a CsF∕Al top contact. Addition of the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate was found to improve the device response time and cause a bias-dependent shift in the emission spectrum. As a result, electroluminescence was observed at 531 nm (CIE coordinates: 0.3230 and 0.5886), the lowest wavelength reported to date for a device based on ionic transition metal complexes.
Electrochemical tuning the optical properties of crystalline colloidal arrays composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated silica particles

The position and height of the reflection peak of a hydrogel-encapsulated crystalline colloidal array composed of silica particles with a coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) could be varied through electrochemical means. This optical tuning was achieved by altering the complex refractive index of the PEDOT shell through a manipulation of its redox state, specifically the absorption characteristics. A mediated electron transfer system was employed to ferry charge from the electrodes of the cell to the isolated particles for both the oxidation and reduction processes. The mediators diffused between the electrode surfaces and the PEDOT-coated particles to accomplish (de)doping of the entire colloidal array. The reflected peak from an ordered array exhibited a significant drop in height during a typical reduction process, dropping to 40% of its original height, though the peak height could be reinstated by re-oxidizing the particles with an imposed bias shift to the cell.
Work in progress: Data-rich learning environments for engineering education

Green Research for Incorporating Data in the Classroom (GRID C ) is a National Science Foundation project designed to improve instructional practices in the curricula areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The project uses data collected from renewable energy technologies at the NC Solar House, and enables students in engineering and education to analyze, synthesize, and evaluate downloadable data. Students and instructors create data-driven and conceptual models to explain information obtained from the project's website using a variety of methods involved in technical data presentation. This paper explains the GRID C project and how students in engineering and pre-service technology, engineering and design teacher education develop higher-order thinking skills. Preliminary research has been conducted on the effective use of these materials in college level environmental engineering classes and technical animation courses in engineering graphics. This research provides a base for continued research and development on using data-rich learning environments to further develop higher-order thinking skills for students across the country.
Chronic idiopathic immunoneutropenia

Abstract A case of leukopenia which has been followed for five years is reported. In vitro and in vivo tests indicated the presence of leukocyte agglutinins. The immunologic basis is not conclusively proved but there seems to be a parallel between this disease of white cells and idiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura.
Image mottle in abdominal CT.

Ende JF, Huda W, Ros PR, Litwiller AL. Image mottle in abdominal CT. Invest Radiol 1999;34:282–286.RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES.To investigate image mottle in conventional CT images of the abdomen as a function of radiographic technique factors and patient size.METHODS.Water-filled phantoms simulating t
Survival rates for international federation of gynecology and obstetrics stage III ovarian carcinoma by cell type: a study of 262 unselected patients with uniform pathologic review.

Objective Published data are conflicting on the influence of cell type on prognosis in ovarian cancer. The recent separation of low-grade serous carcinoma as a distinctive cell type of ovarian cancer with an indolent behavior, in retrospect, suggests that survival in studies that have not separated this group may be inaccurate. Methods An unselected series of 262 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III ovarian carcinomas was studied. Diagnostic classification of each tumor was made with particular attention to recent refinements in cell-type classification. Survival curves were constructed according to Kaplan-Meier and compared with the log-rank test. Results The 5-year survival for 207 high-grade serous carcinomas was 40%, as compared with 71% for 18 patients with low-grade serous carcinoma (P = 0.0113). Low-grade serous carcinoma was significantly more likely to be optimally debulked (P = 0.0039) and significantly less likely to be substage IIIC (P 0.05). Conclusions Low-grade serous carcinoma has a significantly better prognosis than high-grade serous carcinoma and also differs with regard to substage distribution and proportion of patients optimally debulked. Because of its excellent prognosis, failure to separate low-grade serous carcinomas, notwithstanding its infrequent occurrence, can change the results of survival analyses that do not make this separation.
M‐estimation Under a Two‐Sample Semiparametric Model

We consider M-estimation under a two-sample semiparametric model in which the log ratio of two unknown density functions has a known parametric form. This two-sample semiparametric model, arising naturally from case-control studies and logistic discriminant analysis, can be regarded as a biased sampling model. A new class of M-estimators are constructed on the basis of the maximum semiparametric likelihood estimator of the underlying distribution function. It is shown that the proposed M-estimators are consistent and asymptotically normally distributed. A simulation study is presented to demonstrate the performance of the proposed M-estimators.
Pathology Review for Patients with Prostate Cancer Referred to the SCCA Proton Center

Abstract Purpose: Treatment guidelines for patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer are largely determined by risk stratification (low, intermediate, high), which is based upon 3 parameters: T-stage, prostate-specific antigen value, and Gleason score. The purpose of this report is to evaluate the results of a central review for patients with prostate cancer treated at the center during its first year of operation. Patients and Methods: Between March 13, 2013, and April 14, 2014, a total of 53 patients with prostate cancer, with Gleason scores initially determined by outside pathologists, were treated at the center. Tissue specimens were obtained for all patients and were reviewed by the Department of Pathology at the University of Washington. The results of this review were tabulated and analyzed. Results: The original Gleason score was confirmed in 42 cases. The original Gleason score was upgraded in 7 cases and downgraded in 4 cases. Four patients who were originally classified in a low-risk catego...
Charmed baryon and semileptonic physics at FOCUS

Preliminary analysis indicates that we will exceed our goal of a factor of 10 increase in statistics over Fermilab photoproduction experiment E687. Some preliminary signals are presented.
An evaluation of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the identification of microsporidia

Abstract Microsporidian spore polypeptides separated with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) can be used to identify isolates of microsporidia. The spore polypeptides separated with SDS/PAGE provided unique, reproducible electrophoretic profiles which were not influenced by host species or the temperature at which the host larvae were maintained for development. Furthermore, host proteins were not detected in electrophoretic profiles of the spore polypeptides. Spore mixtures of two microsporidian species can be detected when the spore polypeptides of either or both species have been previously separated with SDS/PAGE.
Jacobians of Genus One Curves

Abstract Consider a curve of genus one over a field K in one of three explicit forms: a double cover of P1, a plane cubic, or a space quartic. For each form, a certain syzygy from classical invariant theory gives the curve's jacobian in Weierstrass form and the covering map to its jacobian induced by the K-rational divisor at infinity. We give a unified account of all three cases.
Lercanidipine: a novel dihydropyridine calcium-channel blocker

Calcium-channel blockers (CCBs) have been used for the treatment of hypertension for more than 20 years, and recent clinical trials support the efficacy and safety of long-acting dihydropyridine (DHP) CCBs for a wide spectrum of hypertensive patients, including diabetic hypertensive patients. DHP CCBs are effective agents overall and are particularly effective when used in combination with other agents. Lercanidipine is a novel DHP CCB effective for the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension. Compared with other DHP CCBs, lercanidipine has a molecular design that imparts greater solubility within the arterial cellular membrane bilayer, membrane-controlled kinetics, and a high cholesterol tolerance factor. These favorable membrane-controlled kinetics impart a gradual onset of vasodilation and a long duration of action. Further, the unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of lercanidipine appear to contribute to its efficacy and favorable safety profile. In clinical trials in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension, lercanidipine was administered at a starting dose of 10 mg once daily, and increased to 20 mg once daily for nonresponders. Studies have shown that lercanidipine has a 24-hour antihypertensive effect and causes no significant increase in heart rate. Lercanidipine has been shown to be effective in a wide range of hypertensive patients, including mild-to-moderate hypertension, severe hypertension, the elderly, and those with isolated systolic hypertension. It is associated with a low rate of adverse events. Because of its efficacy and favorable safety profile, lercanidipine has the potential to improve blood pressure control in a wide range of patients, including those who have not responded to, or who have been unable to tolerate, other antihypertensive agents.
The oxygen isotope effect in the earliest processed solids in the solar system : is it a chemical mass-independent process?

Aims. An anomalous effect in the abundances of oxygen isotopes in the most refractory calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) was discovered some thirty years ago. The origin of these oxygen isotopic anomalies has hitherto remained unexplained. The origin is neither nuclear, nor has the recent photochemical self-shielding explanation been proven to be valid. We discuss a possible chemical mechanism to resolve these observed effects. Methods. By uniting the most recent laboratory observations of nanoclusters of silicates in beams and the first principles theoretical studies of their structure and properties with a major dynamical constraint recently described as the surface non-RRKM effect during SiO 2 formation on the growing grain, we show that the origin of the anomalous isotopic effect in high-temperature minerals in CAIS is chemical and strictly mass-independent. Results. We report that the surface non-RRKM effect would represent a major process in the formation of our own solar system and observable protoplanetary accretion disks, and the mass-independent isotope effects are directly associated with the formation of primary grains in the high temperature nebular environment. We expect that this chemical reaction mechanistic approach combined with future time-resolved studies on the kinetics of growth of silicates and a precise knowledge of the oxygen isotopic abundances of the sun would provide a very detailed understanding of the origins of formation of our solar system.
Oviposition on host plants by a tropical forest grasshopper (Microtylopteryx hebardi: Acrididae)

. 1. The tropical forest grasshopper Microtylopteryx hebardi Rehn (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Ommatolampinae) oviposits inside leaves or stems of its host plants. This is the first known instance of oviposition inside living plant tissue (rather than in the ground, on top of leaves, or in detritus) for a tropical forest acridid. 2. In understorey secondary forest at La Selva, Costa Rica, M.hebardi females fed on fifteen species of host plants, but oviposited in only four of these. 3. In laboratory choice tests, females showed selectivity for oviposition host plants similar to that inferred from field observations. 4. Plant volume was a better predictor of the number of eggs laid per stem than variables that indicated leaf or stem characteristics of individual plants. 5. Unlike the ovipositor of acridids laying eggs in the ground, that of M.hebardi is equipped with toothed, sclerotized edges, probably used to bore into plant tissue. 6. Endophytic oviposition in M.hebardi may be related to finding host plants in a habitat that is complex, heterogeneous, and rich in plant species.
Allopregnanolone levels and seizure frequency in progesterone-treated women with epilepsy

Objective: To determine whether allopregnanolone (AP) may mediate seizure reduction in progesterone-treated women with epilepsy. Methods: The NIH Progesterone Trial compared the efficacy of adjunctive cyclic natural progesterone therapy vs placebo treatment of intractable seizures in 294 subjects, randomized 2:1 to progesterone or placebo, stratified by catamenial vs noncatamenial designation. Treatments were compared on proportions of 50% responders, and changes in seizure frequency from 3 baseline to 3 treatment cycles. Serum AP levels were measured by radioimmunoassay from 155 women with intractable focal-onset seizures who had baseline and treatment-phase midluteal serum samples drawn each cycle for hormone measurements. Results: There was no significant correlation between percentage changes in AP levels and seizure frequencies from baseline to treatment for either the catamenial or noncatamenial stratum. There was a significant correlation for the subset of subjects who showed a significantly greater responder rate in the post hoc analysis of the trial, i.e., subjects who had a 3-fold or greater increase in average daily seizure frequency perimenstrually compared with the midfollicular and midluteal phases (C1 ≥3: r = −0.442, p = 0.013, and specifically for C1 ≥3 progesterone-treated subjects [ r = −0.452, p = 0.035], but not other groups [C1 ≥3 placebo: r = −0.367; C1 r = 0.099; C1 r = 0.131; p = not significant]). Conclusions: The findings support AP as a mediator of seizure reduction in progesterone-treated women who have a substantial level of perimenstrually exacerbated seizures.
Infanticide and Infant Abandonment in the New South: Richmond, Virginia, 1865-1915:

The Civil War and Reconstruction and the South's postbellum industrialization produced economic dislocation on a tremendous scale. One product of that economic upheaval was an increasing problem of...
The stabilization of layered manganese oxides for use in rechargeable lithium batteries

The layered structure LixTiS2 and LixCoO2 are excellent reversible cathodes for lithium batteries. However, layered lithium manganese oxides are metastable relative to the spinel form on cycling in lithium batteries. They may be stabilized in the layer form by insertion of larger ions such as potassium in the interlayer region, which minimizes the diffusion of the manganese ions from the MnO2 blocks. Their low conductivity is an impediment to their use in high rate batteries. Cobalt can be doped into the layered alkali manganese dioxides, MxMn1-yCoyO2 for M = K or Na, during the hydrothermal synthesis from the alkali permanganates. A single phase is obtained up to about 5% mole cobalt. The cobalt doping is found to enhance the conductivity by two orders of magnitude relative to pure KxMnO2.
THE EFFECT OF ISOELECTRIC AMINO ACIDS ON THE pH OF A PHOSPHATE BUFFER SOLUTION : A CONTRIBITTION IN SUPPORT OF THE "ZWITTER ION" HYPOTHESIS.

The relative merits of the classical conception and of the Zwitter Ion conception of the dissociation of amphoteric electrolytes are discussed, and the following data are presented which confirm the Zwitter Ion hypothesis of Bjerrum, and which are not in accord with the classical view. 1. Amino acids in the isoelectric form resemble strong electrolytes in that they contribute to the ionic strength of the solution. 2. The dielectric constants of aqueous solutions of amino acids, like those of solutions of strong electrolytes greater than 0.02 normal, are considerably greater than that of pure water. 3. The magnitude of the dissociation constants of substituted acetic acids and of glycine, are more easily accounted for with the Zwitter Ion than with the classical conception.
Replication initiates in a broad zone in the amplified CHO dihydrofolate reductase domain

We have used two complementary two-dimensional gel electrophoretic methods to localize replication inititation sites and to determine replication fork direction in the amplified 240 kb dihydrofolate reductase domain of the methotrexate-resistant CHO cell line CHOC 400. Surprisingly, our analysis indicates that replication begins at many sites in several restriction fragments distributed throughout a previously defined 28 kb initiation locus, including a fragment containing a matrix attachment region. Initiation sites were not detected in regions lying upstream or downstream of this locus. Our results suggest that initiation reactions in mammalian chromosomal origins may be more complex than in the origins of simple microorganisms.
Sound velocities of Fe and Fe-Si alloy in the Earth’s core

Compressional wave velocity-density (V(P)--ρ) relations of candidate Fe alloys at relevant pressure-temperature conditions of the Earth's core are critically needed to evaluate the composition, seismic signatures, and geodynamics of the planet's remotest region. Specifically, comparison between seismic V(P)--ρ profiles of the core and candidate Fe alloys provides first-order information on the amount and type of potential light elements--including H, C, O, Si, and/or S-needed to compensate the density deficit of the core. To address this issue, here we have surveyed and analyzed the literature results in conjunction with newly measured V(P)--ρ results of hexagonal closest-packed (hcp) Fe and hcp-Fe(0.85)Si(0.15) alloy using in situ high-energy resolution inelastic X-ray scattering and X-ray diffraction. The nature of the Fe-Si alloy where Si is readily soluble in Fe represents an ideal solid-solution case to better understand the light-element alloying effects. Our results show that high temperature significantly decreases the V(P) of hcp-Fe at high pressures, and the Fe-Si alloy exhibits similar high-pressure V(P)--ρ behavior to hcp-Fe via a constant density offset. These V(P)--ρ data at a given temperature can be better described by an empirical power-law function with a concave behavior at higher densities than with a linear approximation. Our new datasets, together with literature results, allow us to build new V(P)--ρ models of Fe alloys in order to determine the chemical composition of the core. Our models show that the V(P)--ρ profile of Fe with 8 wt % Si at 6,000 K matches well with the Preliminary Reference Earth Model of the inner core.
Application of an Air Curtain-Exhaust System at a Multiple Opening Veneering Press

Abstract An air curtain-exhaust ventilation system was investigated as an effective control for formaldehyde exposures from a wood panel veneering press. The investigated system consisted of two air curtain manifolds located vertically at both press sides and an exhaust located at the press end opposite to the manifolds. This air curtain creates an air barrier between the worker and the press from where the formaldehyde is emitted. The air curtain stream is shifted toward the press wall by the exhaust, creating a narrow air zone between the worker and the press wall which minimizes the air streamsapos; interference with the operator. The performance of the air curtain system was evaluated using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas which simulated formaldehyde emission. The data indicate that a greater than 94 percent reduction in exposure levels can be achieved and that the ventilation system studied can be applied effectively to a multiple opening press.
An Axiological Reinterpretation of I. A. Richards's Theory of Communication and its Application to the Study of Compliance‐Gaining

This article examines the thinking of I. A. Richards concerning the relationship between communication and values. It is argued that Richards should not be viewed simply as a narrow positivist, but as an axiologically oriented theorist of rhetoric and communication. The analysis reveals how the concept of “choice” unites the elements within Richards's theory of value, and integrates his theory of value with his theory of communication. This axiological perspective on Richards is then applied to contemporary research on compliance‐gaining. As a result, compliance‐gaining is seen as a value‐laden, symbolic, communication process. A number of productive directions for future compliance‐gaining research are outlined.
Sensation seeking: A new conceptualization and a new scale

A new conception of sensation seeking is presented, along with a new scale [the Arnett Inventory of Sensation Seeking (AISS)]. The new conception emphasizes novelty and intensity as the two components of sensation seeking. Two studies were conducted to validate the new scale. In the first study, the AISS was found to be more strongly related to risk behavior than Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS) among 116 adolescents aged 16-18 years, although the new scale contains no items related to risk behavior (in contrast to the SSS). In the second study, involving 139 adolescents, similar relations were found between the AISS and risk behavior, and the new scale was also found to be significantly correlated with the Aggression subscale of the California Psychological Inventory (CPI). In addition, adults (N = 38) were found to be lower in sensation seeking than adolescents. In both studies, males were higher in sensation seeking than females.
Depletion of GGA3 Stabilizes BACE and Enhances β-Secretase Activity

Summary β-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) is required for production of the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-associated Aβ protein. BACE levels are elevated in AD brain, and increasing evidence reveals BACE as a stress-related protease that is upregulated following cerebral ischemia. However, the molecular mechanism responsible is unknown. We show that increases in BACE and β-secretase activity are due to posttranslational stabilization following caspase activation. We also found that during cerebral ischemia, levels of GGA3, an adaptor protein involved in BACE trafficking, are reduced, while BACE levels are increased. RNAi silencing of GGA3 also elevated levels of BACE and Aβ. Finally, in AD brain samples, GGA3 protein levels were significantly decreased and inversely correlated with increased levels of BACE. In summary, we have elucidated a GGA3-dependent mechanism regulating BACE levels and β-secretase activity. This mechanism may explain increased cerebral levels of BACE and Aβ following cerebral ischemia and existing in AD.
Application of Pavlovian higher-order conditioning to the analysis of the neural substrates of fear conditioning.

Abstract In Pavlovian first-order conditioning, a conditioned response is acquired by pairing a neutral stimulus (S1) with a stimulus that has innate motivational value. In higher-order conditioning, a neutral stimulus (S2) is paired with S1 either after (second-order conditioning) or before (sensory preconditioning) first-order conditioning has been acquired. Thus, in higher-order conditioning the motivational value of the reinforcer is acquired rather than innate. This review describes some of the potential uses of higher-order conditioning in investigating the neural substrates of fearful memories. First, because in second-order fear conditioning S2 is not paired directly with a painful stimulus, any effect of a treatment on the acquisition of fear cannot be attributed to the treatment’s possible effects on transmission of nociceptive information. Second, higher-order conditioning provides opportunities for analyzing where and how different types of events, or different aspects of the same events, are represented in the brain.
Glial Cells of the O-2A Lineage Bind Preferentially to N-Cadherin and Develop Distinct Morphologies

Environmental cues guiding glial cell behavior during development or regeneration of the nervous system are provided by both soluble and nondiffusible factors. We examined the influences of purified extracellular matrix molecules and cell adhesion molecules on the development and proliferation of glial cells from neonatal rat optic nerves. Dissociated optic nerve glia were plated on fibronectin, laminin, collagen type IV, L1, N-cadherin, and N-CAM. Cultures were grown in chemically defined medium to promote formation of oligodendrocytes. Other cultures were grown in 10% serum to support type-1 astrocytes and the differentiation of O-2A progenitor cells to type-2 astrocytes. In short-term adhesion assays to measure cell affinity for the different substrates, cells in the O-2A lineage bound preferentially to N-cadherin while type-1 astrocytes preferentially bound to extracellular matrix components. The cells in the O-2A lineage also developed distinctive morphologies on different substrates after incubation for 4 days. Type-2 astrocytes and oligodendrocytes produced very large membranous expansions on N-cadherin. Measurements of BrdU incorporation indicated that the substrates did not significantly influence cell proliferation rates. Our results showed that O-2A progenitor cells, oligodendrocytes, type-1 astrocytes, and type-2 astrocytes possess different complements of receptors for the adhesion molecules in their environment and that their morphological differentiation can be dramatically altered by these extracellular signals.
Immunohistochemical Detection of a Unique Protein within Cells of Snakes Having Inclusion Body Disease, a World-Wide Disease Seen in Members of the Families Boidae and Pythonidae

Inclusion body disease (IBD) is a worldwide disease in captive boa constrictors (boa constrictor) and occasionally in other snakes of the families Boidae and Pythonidae. The exact causative agent(s) and pathogenesis are not yet fully understood. Currently, diagnosis of IBD is based on the light microscopic identification of eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies in hematoxylin and eosin stained tissues or blood smears. An antigenically unique 68 KDa protein was identified within the IBD inclusion bodies, called IBD protein. A validated immuno-based ante-mortem diagnostic test is needed for screening snakes that are at risk of having IBD. In this study, despite difficulties in solubilizing semi-purified inclusion bodies, utilizing hybridoma technology a mouse anti-IBD protein monoclonal antibody (MAB) was produced. The antigenic specificity of the antibody was confirmed and validated by western blots, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, immuno-transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemical staining. Paraffin embedded tissues of IBD positive and negative boa constrictors (n=94) collected from 1990 to 2011 were tested with immunohistochemical staining. In boa constrictors, the anti-IBDP MAB had a sensitivity of 83% and specificity of 100% in detecting IBD. The antibody also cross-reacted with IBD inclusion bodies in carpet pythons (Morelia spilota) and a ball python (python regius). This validated antibody can serve as a tool for the development of ante-mortem immunodiagnostic tests for IBD.
Orthogonal processing: a novel photolithographic patterning method for organic electronics

Organic electronics is an extensively studied subject opening new horizons in electronics technology. It has attracted great attention as a technology to enable flexible electronic devices through solution processing of organic and polymeric materials. However, patterning of organic materials to construct device components still remains one of the major hurdles to be overcome due to problems with chemical processing. Fundamentally this challenge originates from the limited number of options regarding orthogonal solvents. Recently, we have identified supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) and segregated hydrofluoroethers (HFEs) as universal, non-damaging solvents for most non-fluorinated polymeric materials. These unconventional solvents expand processing options from the two-dimensional plane to three-dimensional space by drawing another orthogonal axis. Taking advantage of those noble solvents and fluorinated photoresists, we were able to make patterns of functional organic materials photolithographically. Furthermore, our orthogonal processing method has been applied to the fabrication of a patterned polymer light-emitting device in scCO2 and an organic thin-film transisotor in HFEs.
Event-centric multisource stream processing and multimedia assimilation for geospatiotemporal phenomena

A new event-based multimedia stream data processing and representation solution is presented for large scale geographically distributed phenomena. Wide area geospatiotemporal patterns, such as cyclones or oil spills, have unique attributes and are captured in different media ranging from remote satellites, to in-situ sensors, to news video, photographs, and audio coverage. We pose an event-based mechanism to automatically detect such phenomena from raw untagged image streams, automatically extract various attributes for such events, establish correspondence of the automatically located event, and subsequently assimilate relevant information of the same event across the web from video, audio and static photographs. This disparate information from various sources can then be mashed up, customized for different communities, and disseminated to end-users. A use-case for automatic event-based cyclone notation and multimedia assimilation is presented.
THE ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND SURFACE OF VENUS FROM RADAR OBSERVATIONS

Abstract Radar observations of Venus were made at wavelengths of 12.5 cm and 68 cm during several months around the 1961 inferior conjunction. These observations have been quantitatively compared for possible dispersion effects caused by the atmosphere of Venus and the interplanetary medium. A possible effect of the plasma has been observed at 68 cm through correlations of the radar echo characteristics with solar activity. On the assumption that this correlation was real, a crude model for the ionosphere of Venus has been developed. The model yields a maximum electron density at Venus of order 10 7 cm −3 corresponding to a plasma frequency of about 27 Mcs. The absence of relative dispersion and absorption effects between the two propagation frequencies is interpreted to indicate that all plasma phenomena were small, however. In particular, the proposed “ionospheric” model as the source of the Venusian radio spectrum is shown to be inconsistent with the radar observations. An analysis of the observed echo power indicates the average dielectric constant of the Venusian surface material to be less than 7 but greater than 3 with no large upward variations during the observations. This low value of the dielectric constant and the absence of measurable variations in the echo power (and consequently, in the dielectric constant) is interpreted to indicate that there are no large bodies of water on the Venusian surface.
Visual field deficit caused by vascular compression from a suprasellar meningioma: case report.

Objective and importance Suprasellar meningiomas typically cause bitemporal hemianopsia by direct compression of the chiasm, its blood supply, or both. We report another mechanism for visual loss in suprasellar meningiomas, whereby compression by the suprajacent vascular complex is the offending agent. Clinical presentation A 78-year-old woman with a suprasellar meningioma was diagnosed incidentally. During the follow-up period, she developed an inferior homonymous wedge defect consistent with superior compression, without any detectable radiological progression. It was decided to resect her tumor. Intervention The patient underwent a fronto-orbital approach for tumoral excision. Intraoperatively, a groove by the anterior cerebral artery complex was found along the superior surface of the chiasm. Postoperatively, the patient's visual deficit resolved. Conclusion This case illustrates an unusual visual field deficit associated with a suprasellar meningioma. It also emphasizes the importance of frequent and careful visual field monitoring, which can precede radiological and symptomatic progression.
Convinience store robberies: Security measures and store robbery incidents

This study examined whether convinience store robberies are related significantly to the presence or absence of standard security protective conditions or measures. Previous research has argued that the probability of robberies is significantly reduced by certain store locational variables and/or installation of certain security measures. The researchers gathered data concerning locational variables and security protective measures found in 189 convinience stores within the city limits of San Antonio, Texas. Stores in the sample included locations for the 7-Eleven, Stop-N-Go, Circle K, and Lone Star companies. Police reports were utilized to determine the frequency of robberies at each of the stores from 1986 to 1988. A total of 680 robberies occurred at the 189 stores during the three-year period. A multiple regression model incorporating 18 locational and security protective variables was constructed to explain variations in the frequency of robberies at the stores. The authors conclude that (1) the model explained less than 30 percent of the variation in the frequency of store robberies, (2) only six of the 18 security measures were significantly related to the frequency of robberies and only two of the six were related in the expected direction, and (3) future research should consider whether selected
Associations between clinical status questionnaire scores and formal education level in persons with systemic lupus erythematosus

In a study of 124 systemic lupus erythematosus patients, clinical status, according to 5 questionnaire scales, was poorer in patients with less than or equal to 11 years versus those with greater than or equal to 12 years of formal education. These results were statistically significant when adjusted for age, race, sex, and disease duration, though results on some scales were not significant when adjusted for multiple comparisons. These findings further support observations that formal education level is associated with clinical status in rheumatic and other chronic diseases.
Splenic artery aneurysms: Methods of laparoscopic repair

Abstract Purpose: Surgical therapy for splenic artery aneurysms (SAAs) has traditionally consisted of a laparotomy with resection of the aneurysm and possibly a splenectomy. Our early experience with the laparoscopic approach to treat SAAs is reported. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records was conducted on all patients who underwent laparoscopic resection of SAAs at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation from May 1996 to August 1997. Results: Four patients with SAAs, three women and one man, with an average age of 55 years (range, 37 to 63 years), underwent successful laparoscopic SAA repair. The average size of the aneurysm was 3.2 cm (range, 2.5 to 5.0 cm). Three patients underwent an aneurysm resection, whereas one patient underwent simple ligation. Intraoperative ultrasound scanning with Doppler was used in three cases as a means of localizing the aneurysm and identifying all feeding vessels; the complete cessation of flow within the aneurysm in the case in which the feeding vessels were simply ligated was also documented. The average intraoperative time was 150 minutes (range, 100 to 190 minutes). The mean estimated blood loss was 105 mL (range, 20 to 300 mL). There were no intraoperative complications. The average hospital stay was 2.2 days (range, 1 to 4 days). Conclusion: The laparoscopic approach to splenic artery aneurysm by aneurysmectomy or splenic artery ligation can be safe and effective. The laparoscopic approach affords a short hospital stay and an effective result. (J Vasc Surg 1999;30:184-8.)
Update on Dialytic Management of Acute Renal Failure

The potential impact of renal replacement therapy on clinical outcomes in acute renal failure (ARF) remains a subject of ongoing investigation and controversy. This article reviews in depth the clinical trials to date that have examined the effect of dialysis-related variables on outcomes of patients with hospital-acquired ARF. In particular, the role of the dialysis modality, dialyzer characteristics, and dosing strategies are discussed. Clinical trials comparing intermittent hemodialysis (HD) to continuous renal replacement therapies (CRRT) have failed to demonstrate a survival difference when adjusting for disease severity. Similarly, studies evaluating dialyzer membrane biocompatibility and flux properties had no impact on survival. Efforts aimed at measuring dialysis adequacy in patients with ARF receiving HD using urea kinetic modeling are hindered by a lack of understanding of solute kinetics in this setting. However, dosing strategies during CRRT are promising. Finally, the application of cell therapy to the successful substitution of renal function shows promise for the future.
The integer linear complementarity problem

In this paper we consider the case of the linear complementarity problem where all or some of the variables are required to take integer values. We discuss several applications to economic equilibrium problems and polymatrix games. When the integer variables are bounded, then the problem can be solved using an equivalent linear integer formulation. For the general problem (unbounded case) the problem can be solved using enumeration of the feasible points of a set of mixed zero-one linear inequalities.
Not-so-resonant, resonant absorption.

When an intense electromagnetic wave is incident obliquely on a sharply bounded overdense plasma, strong energy absorption can be accounted for by the electrons that are dragged into the vacuum and sent back into the plasma with velocities v\ensuremath{\simeq}${v}_{\mathrm{osc}}$. This mechanism is more efficient than usual resonant absorption for ${v}_{\mathrm{osc}/\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}g\mathrm{L}}$, with L being the density gradient length. In the very high-intensity ${\mathrm{CO}}_{2}$-laser--target interaction, this mechanism may account for most of the energy absorption.
Gouge Formation by Dynamic Pulverization During Earthquake Rupture

Abstract It is proposed here that fault gouge forms by rock pulverization within the tip region of a fast propagating earthquake due to the intensity of stress and rates of strain in this zone. To examine this mechanism, we calculate the deformation conditions of a dynamic shear fracture propagating close to the limiting Rayleigh wave velocity. The mechanical conditions close to the fracture tip are extreme: tensile stresses approach 5 GPa, volumetric strain rates exceed 105 s− 1, and volumetric expansion alternates with volumetric contraction. It is expected that a localized zone a few millimeters wide will be pulverized under these conditions. This mechanism of dynamic gouge formation provides new insight to recent observations of the texture of gouge from the San Andreas fault-zone and from rupture zones in South African mines. Further, as such extreme conditions develop only during fast propagating earthquakes, presence or absence of pulverized gouge may serve as an indicator of earthquake propagation velocity.
Mineralogy and petrography of HAL, an isotopically-unusual Allende inclusion

A detailed mineralogical study of HAL was initiated to elucidate the origin of this inclusion because LEE et al. (1979) had found large mass fractionation effects and small nuclear effects in its Ca isotopic composition, but no ^(26)Mg excesses in samples of it with very high ^(27)Al/^(24)Mg ratios. HAL's 1.0 mm radius interior consists almost entirely of three hibonite crystals and is surrounded by a 2.0 mm thick, multi-layered rim. The first layer, called the black rim, is black and compact, resembles a devitrified glass and contains an anisotropic Al-Fe-oxide similar to hercynite in composition. This is followed by a friable rim sequence, layer I of which is predominantly feldspathoids with minor anorthite, Ti-Fe-oxide and Al-Fe-oxide. Layer II contains abundant perovskite, plus grossular, andradite and pyroxene in addition to the minerals of layer I. Layer III is mostly Ca-phosphate, possibly hydroxy-apatite and perovskite. Layer IV is rich in hibonite, Al-Fe-oxide, perovskite, nepheline and the two garnets, lacks Ca-phosphate but contains traces of a Ti-Sc-Zr-oxide. Layer V is rich in Al-Fe-oxide, pyroxene, nepheline, the two garnets and olivine whose crystals display peculiar rectangular cross-sections. The black rim does not completely surround the hibonite core. Sectors of the friable rim exist where layer I is missing and where the mineralogy of adjacent layers is no different from that of the same layers in other sectors. Pentlandite, nickel-iron and barrel-shaped olivine crystals, minerals typical of the matrix of Allende and found nowhere else in HAL, are found in layer V and increase in abundance toward its exterior, as if grains of these phases accreted together with the other minerals of layer V. This layer also contains alternating olivine-rich and garnet-, pyroxene-rich bands, resembling rhythmic layering. For these reasons, we conclude that each of the layers of the friable rim formed by the accretion of an assemblage of condensate grains rather than by complete reaction of a precursor to HAL with a nebular gas. Thus, the unusual isotopic characteristics of HAL are thought to have been inherited from a nebular reservoir which was isotopically distinct from that which gave rise to the bulk of the material in Allende. HAL's mineralogical peculiarities indicate that its formation reservoir was also chemically distinct from the latter one.
HSV-1 Remodels Host Telomeres to Facilitate Viral Replication

Telomeres protect the ends of cellular chromosomes. We show here that infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) results in chromosomal structural aberrations at telomeres and the accumulation of telomere dysfunction-induced DNA damage foci (TIFs). At the molecular level, HSV-1 induces transcription of telomere repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), followed by the proteolytic degradation of the telomere protein TPP1 and loss of the telomere repeat DNA signal. The HSV-1-encoded E3 ubiquitin ligase ICP0 is required for TERRA transcription and facilitates TPP1 degradation. Small hairpin RNA (shRNA) depletion of TPP1 increases viral replication, indicating that TPP1 inhibits viral replication. Viral replication protein ICP8 forms foci that coincide with telomeric proteins, and ICP8-null virus failed to degrade telomere DNA signal. These findings suggest that HSV-1 reorganizes telomeres to form ICP8-associated prereplication foci and to promote viral genomic replication.
Secondary Metabolism-Inducing Treatments During in vitro Development of Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) Rhizomes

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) plants that were grown in vitro for 17 or 22 weeks as a fed-batch culture in 2.5 L vessels yielded 39 to 43 g and 62 to 70 g of fresh rhizomes per vessel, respectively (95 % confidence interval). The MS liquid medium was maintained at 6 % sucrose through media addition twice during the experiment. Various methods were employed in attempts to increase secondary metabolism. Antioxidant and total phenolics assays were employed to characterize phytochemical activity. A first experiment exposed four clones to phenylalanine and/or methyl jasmonate (MeJa) from week 12 to 17 in culture. In a second experiment, a clone was given short-term exposure (1.5 weeks) to either proline, a natural proline-rich fish extract, MeJa, or chitosan beginning during the twentieth week of culture. This experiment also included a nitrogen stress treatment (weeks 16–22). The 5-week phenylalanine and MeJa treatments lowered biomass accumulation and antioxidant capacity of the tissue. The magnitude of antiox...
An evaluation of several numerical advection schemes

Abstract Three categories of numerical advection techniques are tested: SHASTA, a flux-corrected onedimensional algorithm; FCT, a multi-dimensional flux-corrected technique; and the BIQUINTIC method, a polynomial approximation algorithm. The tests include the transport of a finite amount of material through a 25 × 25 cell grid driven by three different flow fields: one-dimensional linear flow, two-dimensional linear flow, and rotational flow. For each of these tests, two initial distributions of material are used: a rectangular blockshape and an ellipse-shape. In addition, a test with a non-divergent flow field with a homogeneous material field was performed to check for inherent divergence in a particular method. Results show that the FCT and BIQUINTIC methods maintain the integrity of an initial distribution of material better than SHASTA through a simulation. While SHASTA is the fastest of the methods tested computationally it also produces the greatest amount of spurious numerical diffusion. The FCT method has a tendency to flatten the top of a peaked distribution, and the BIQUINTIC method tends to produce a peak in a top-hat distribution during numerical transport. The BIQUINTIC scheme requires more computer time to execute than the other methods tested.
The relative contribution of visual and auditory components of speech to speech intelligibility as a function of three conditions of frequency distortion.

Twenty normal-hearing college students were tested to establish speech discrimination scores under three conditions of sensory input and four conditions of frequency filtering. The speech material ...