cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A frequency-domain LMS comb filter

A new application of the least mean squares algorithm (LMS) to signal analysis and enhancement is presented. The LMS is implemented in the frequency domain to simulate a fixed-notch filter that nulls sinusoids with harmonically related frequencies. In the proposed structure, the Fourier transform (FT) block length is set to represent the fundamental period of the undesired periodic signal. The paper shows that by applying constant deterministic signals to the reference input, the frequency-domain LMS adaptive structure operates on eliminating all constant values in the transform and, therefore, cancels all harmonic frequency components, leaving out other components in the signal to propagate to the error with minimum distortion. >
Family Resources and Parent Participation in Schooling Activities for their Children with Developmental Delays

This study examined the relation between multiple family and child factors and the amount and type of parent participation in schooling activities for 35 families of children aged seven and eight with developmental delays. Informational resources and school characteristics related most strongly to variations in amount and type of participation at school and home. Parental beliefs and attitudes about school related only to variations in amount and type participation at school. Family SES and child status related to variations in amount and type of participation at home but not at school. Implications for practitioners are discussed.
Effects of changing spatial scale on the analysis of landscape pattern

The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of changing the grain (the first level of spatial resolution possible with a given data set) and extent (the total area of the study) of landscape data on observed spatial patterns and to identify some general rules for comparing measures obtained at different scales. Simple random maps, maps with contagion (i.e., clusters of the same land cover type), and actual landscape data from USGS land use (LUDA) data maps were used in the analyses. Landscape patterns were compared using indices measuring diversity (H), dominance (D) and contagion (C). Rare land cover types were lost as grain became coarser. This loss could be predicted analytically for random maps with two land cover types, and it was observed in actual landscapes as grain was increased experimentally. However, the rate of loss was influenced by the spatial pattern. Land cover types that were clumped disappeared slowly or were retained with increasing grain, whereas cover types that were dispersed were lost rapidly. The diversity index decreased linearly with increasing grain size, but dominance and contagion did not show a linear relationship. The indices D and C increased with increasing extent, but H exhibited a variable response. The indices were sensitive to the number (m) of cover types observed in the data set and the fraction of the landscape occupied by each cover type (P k); both m and P kvaried with grain and extent. Qualitative and quantitative changes in measurements across spatial scales will differ depending on how scale is defined. Characterizing the relationships between ecological measurements and the grain or extent of the data may make it possible to predict or correct for the loss of information with changes in spatial scale.
Improving Classroom Learning by Collaboratively Observing Human Tutoring Videos while Problem Solving

Collaboratively observing tutoring is a promising method for observational learning (also referred to as vicarious learning). This method was tested in the Pittsburgh Science of Learning Center's Physics LearnLab, where students were introduced to physics topics by observing videos while problem solving in Andes, a physics tutoring system. Students were randomly assigned to three groups: (a) pairs collaboratively observing videos of an expert human tutoring session, (b) pairs observing videos of expert problem solving, or (c) individuals observing expert problem solving. Immediate learning measures did not display group differences; however, long-term retention and transfer measures showed consistent differences favoring collaboratively observing tutoring.
Joint Gain and Timing Recovery With Applications to Magnetic Tape Storage

We discuss a joint gain and timing recovery scheme that provides performance advantages in tape recording environments plagued by deep amplitude fades and timing error fluctuations. The idea is to find a particular combination of the gain and phase errors that best matches with a window of playback samples and use the resulting estimates to drive the automatic gain control (AGC) loop and the timing recovery loop. The gain and phase estimate pair is obtained and maintained separately for each survivor path in the Viterbi processor, and is used to compensate for the corresponding distortions in the Viterbi branch metric computation. The gain and phase error estimates are then taken out of the best survivor path possibly with some delay and are used to drive the respective loops. The BER performance and cycle slip probabilities are compared with those of a conventional AGC and timing recovery scheme
9 Transcriptional Regulatory Mechanisms during Myxococcus xanthus Development

This chapter focuses primarily on transcriptional regulation of developmental genes. While the identification of developmentally regulated Myxococcus xanthus genes continues, now on a comprehensive genome-wide scale with the use of DNA microarray expression profiling, an understanding of the cis-acting DNA elements and trans-acting proteins (RNA polymerase [RNAP] with particular sigma factors, activators, and repressors) has emerged for a handful of developmental genes. In prokaryotes, sigma factors of RNAP play a key role in the regulation of gene expression by recognizing specific promoters and initiating transcription. As in other bacteria with a large number of sigma factors, such as Streptomyces coelicolor, most of the expansion of the σ70 family in M. xanthus is due to members of the extracytoplasmic function (ECF) subfamily. Transcriptional activation, rather than relief from repression, appears to account for induction of most developmentally regulated M. xanthus genes studied so far, though some genes are subject to both positive and negative control. ActB is encoded by the second gene of an operon that regulates the level of CsgA, the C-signaling protein, during M. xanthus development. Several transcription factors key to the M. xanthus developmental process have been identified. Some of these, like MrpC and FruA, emerged from transposon mutagenesis screens. Others, like σB-E and σ54, were identified by cross-hybridization with other sigma factor genes.
Human cooperation: second-order free-riding problem solved?

Arising from: K. Panchanathan & R. Boyd Nature 432, 499–502 (2004); K. Panchanathan & R. Boyd reply Panchanathan and Boyd1 describe a model of indirect reciprocity in which mutual aid among cooperators can promote large-scale human cooperation without succumbing to a second-order free-riding problem2 (whereby individuals receive but do not give aid). However, the model does not include second-order free riders as one of the possible behavioural types. Here I present a simplified version of their model to demonstrate how cooperation unravels if second-round defectors enter the population, and this shows that the free-riding problem remains unsolved.
IN-HOSPITAL USE OF POTENTIALLY HARMFUL DRUGS IN HEART FAILURE: IMPACT ON LENGTH OF STAY AND MORTALITY

To evaluate prevalence of in-hospital use of potentially harmful drugs (PHD) in heart failure (HF) patients and analyze their impact on length of stay and in-hospital mortality. The University HealthSystem Consortium Database was queried for admissions with the primary diagnosis of HF during 2011-
Evaporite Caprock Integrity. An experimental study of reactive mineralogy and pore-scale heterogeneity during brine-CO2 exposure

We present characterization and geochemical data from a core-flooding experiment on a sample from the Three Fingers evaporite unit forming the lower extent of caprock at the Weyburn-Midale reservoir, Canada. This low-permeability sample was characterized in detail using X-ray computed microtomography before and after exposure to CO(2)-acidified brine, allowing mineral phase and voidspace distributions to be quantified in three dimensions. Solution chemistry indicated that CO(2)-acidified brine preferentially dissolved dolomite until saturation was attained, while anhydrite remained unreactive. Dolomite dissolution contributed to increases in bulk permeability through the formation of a localized channel, guided by microfractures as well as porosity and reactive phase distributions aligned with depositional bedding. An indirect effect of carbonate mineral reactivity with CO(2)-acidified solution is voidspace generation through physical transport of anhydrite freed from the rock matrix following dissolution of dolomite. The development of high permeability fast pathways in this experiment highlights the role of carbonate content and potential fracture orientations in evaporite caprock formations considered for both geologic carbon sequestration and CO(2)-enhanced oil recovery operations.
The Color of Race in America, 1900-1940

Illustrations Introduction 1. Salvaging a Shipwrecked World 2. Bleeding the Irish White 3. Against the White Leviathan 4. The Hypnotic Division of America Epilogue Notes Acknowledgments Index
Nuclear Materials Science: Enabling Technology for Sustained Operation of Nuclear Power Generation & Development of Next Generation Power Plants

Nuclear Materials Science: Enabling Technology for Sustained Operation of Nuclear Power Generation & Development of Next Generation Power Plants Science of nuclear materials is the most significant enabling technology for continued and sustained safe operation of current nuclear reactors where the main limiting factors are the ageing and degradation of materials. In addition, the advanced and next generation nuclear reactor technologies are highly dependent on the advances in materials research leading to the development of new materials that are relatively more radiation resistant and can tolerate more severe operating conditions such as higher temperatures along with more corrosive atmospheres in addition to high neutron doses.
Distribution and Variation of Pathogens in Premature Infants Infected with Bacteria during 10 Years

Objective To explore the distribution and variation of pathogens in premature infants infected with bacteria,for the purpose of prevention of preterm infections and guidance of clinical medication.Methods Samples of blood,sputum and umbilical part etc,from the infected premature infants admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit from Oct.1997 to Oct.2007 were cultured according to the clinical test operating instructions,and the pathogens with drug fast enzymes were assessed according to standards formulated by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.Results 1.Of the total 733 isolated pathogenic strains,419 samples(56.34%) were from sputum,261(35.61%) were from blood,17 strains were from umbilical part and 36 stains were from others part.The isolation rate of Gram-negative bacillus and Gram-positive cocci was 65.35% and 31.11%,respectively.The most frequent pathogens were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.32%),Staphylococcus aureus(12.69%),Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(7.50%).2.Pathogens of most blood cultures were Gram-positive cocci(70.12%).The most dominant organisms were staphylococcus aureus( 27.97%),staphylococcus epidermidis(20.69%)and other coagulase negative staphylococcus(10.34%).3.Pathogens of most sputum cultures were Gram-negative bacillus(91.17%)and the dominant organism were Klebsiella (27.68%),enterobacteria(14.08%),Escherichia coli(13.84%)and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(11.22%).There was an increasing tendency of Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa detection during past 10 years.4.Seventy-five strains(28.74%) isolated from blood cultures were L-type bacteria,23.68%of the staphylococci were meticillin resistant.Among the Gram-negative bacillus,the detection rate of Eatended spectrum beta-lactamase producing strains,AmpC beta-lactamases,and super spectrum beta-lactamases were 22.0%,1.28%and 0.85%,respectively.The detection rate of L-type bacterias and enzyme producing strains were increased.Conclusions 1.According to infectious site,the most frequent location was pulmonary infection,and the next was septicemia.The main pathogens of pneumonia were Gram-negative bacillus,and the main pathogens of septemia were Gram-positive coccus.2.The detection rate of pseudomonas,L-type bacteria and enzyme producing strains with multidrug-resistant,were increased during past 10 years.3.Sensitive antibiotics were chosen according to pathogenic features in the different location of infection,and pay more attention to the problems of bacterial variation and drug resistance.
Technique variations in liposuction surgery

The author visited 10 physicians and observed their techniques of liposuction surgery. Although there was a lot of individual variation, the results were uniformly good and the operation engendered few complications. The single most interesting observation was how little difference various amounts of local anesthetic agent seemed to make on the speed and completeness of anesthesia or on the quality and consistency of the fat extracted.
Meta-Analysis of the Luminal and Basal Subtypes of Bladder Cancer and the Identification of Signature Immunohistochemical Markers for Clinical Use

Abstract Background It has been suggested that bladder cancer can be divided into two molecular subtypes referred to as luminal and basal with distinct clinical behaviors and sensitivities to chemotherapy. We aimed to validate these subtypes in several clinical cohorts and identify signature immunohistochemical markers that would permit simple and cost-effective classification of the disease in primary care centers. Methods We analyzed genomic expression profiles of bladder cancer in three cohorts of fresh frozen tumor samples: MD Anderson (n=132), Lund (n=308), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (n=408) to validate the expression signatures of luminal and basal subtypes and relate them to clinical follow-up data. We also used an MD Anderson cohort of archival bladder tumor samples (n=89) and a parallel tissue microarray to identify immunohistochemical markers that permitted the molecular classification of bladder cancer. Findings Bladder cancers could be assigned to two candidate intrinsic molecular subtypes referred to here as luminal and basal in all of the datasets analyzed. Luminal tumors were characterized by the expression signature similar to the intermediate/superficial layers of normal urothelium. They showed the upregulation of PPARγ target genes and the enrichment for FGFR3, ELF3, CDKN1A, and TSC1 mutations. In addition, luminal tumors were characterized by the overexpression of E-Cadherin, HER2/3, Rab-25, and Src. Basal tumors showed the expression signature similar to the basal layer of normal urothelium. They showed the upregulation of p63 target genes, the enrichment for TP53 and RB1 mutations, and overexpression of CD49, Cyclin B1, and EGFR. Survival analyses showed that the muscle-invasive basal bladder cancers were more aggressive when compared to luminal cancers. The immunohistochemical expressions of only two markers, luminal (GATA3) and basal (KRT5/6), were sufficient to identify the molecular subtypes of bladder cancer with over 90% accuracy. Interpretation The molecular subtypes of bladder cancer have distinct clinical behaviors and sensitivities to chemotherapy, and a simple two-marker immunohistochemical classifier can be used for prognostic and therapeutic stratification. Funding U.S. National Cancer Institute and National Institute of Health.
Self-Control and Emotional and Verbal Aggression in Dating Relationships: A Dyadic Understanding

Guided by the dynamic developmental systems perspective, this study extends past research by examining the association between self-control and emotional and verbal aggression (EVA) using a dyadic multi-method design. Guided by empirical research and the dynamic developmental systems perspective, we hypothesized that (a) there would be a negative association between one's own self-control and one's own perpetration of EVA and (b) there would also be a negative association between one's partner's self-control and one's own perpetration of EVA. One hundred twenty heterosexual dating couples (ages 18-25 years) provided data on self-control (Grasmick et al.'s Low Self-Control Scale; reverse scored for ease of interpretation), self-reported perpetration of EVA (Emotional and Verbal Abuse subscale of the Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory), and observationally assessed perpetration of EVA. Data were analyzed using path analyses within the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (APIM) framework. Consistent with previous findings, we found that self-control was negatively associated with the perpetration of EVA. Furthermore, we found partner effects, such that female-but not male-self-control predicted partner-observed perpetration of EVA. These findings highlight the importance of examining risk factors for EVA of both partners. Our findings also suggest that the association between self-control and EVA is partially a function of whether EVA is assessed through self-report or observational methodology. This highlights the need to conduct multi-method assessments in future research. As discussed in the article, our findings have implications for theories on intimate partner violence, study designs, and couple interventions.
Three protective agents for pectin-rice bran capsules for encapsulating Lactobacillus plantarum

Abstract Three protective agents, maltodextrin, wheat dextrin soluble fiber, and hi-maize starch were separately incorporated into pectin-rice bran capsules prepared by ionotropic gelation and loaded with Lactobacillus plantarum. Capsules were then coated with whey protein isolate and freeze dried. Capsules that were not coated were used as controls. The viability of encapsulated cells in the freeze dried capsules was evaluated after freeze drying and at simulated gastrointestinal conditions. The whey protein isolate coating significantly enhanced viability of the encapsulated cells after the freeze drying. The freeze dried capsules with hi-maize starch (FHMC) had the highest cell viability, 8.63±0.01 and 5.63±0.02 log CFU/g for the coated and uncoated capsules, respectively. In simulated gastrointestinal conditions, only 0.89 and 2.12 log cycles were reduced, when the encapsulated cells of FHMC were exposed to fed state with a copious meal (at pH 3.0, followed by pH 7.0) and with a standard meal (at pH 2.5, followed by pH 6.5) condition, respectively. Due to the effect of pH 1.8, low numbers of viable cells were recovered from FHMC (3.27±0.13 log CFU/g) after incubating in a fasted state without meal, while there was no cell survival found in other treatments.
Virtual Reality Wave 3

Abstract The third wave of virtuality began in 2015 with the commercial release of several consumer products. Virtual reality experiences in 2016, such as Ocean Rift in Samsung Gear VR powered by Oculus, suggest developments beyond the experimental and aesthetic waves of previous decades. The broader significance of immersion offers new avenues for software applications of contemporary spirituality from Eckhart Tolle to Zen Buddhism. This chapter applies the model of lucid dreaming to immersive VR experiences and outlines the more advanced paradigm of lucid living to suggest ways of enhancing virtuality. The active creation of an immersion log is presented as one way of adding a spiritual dimension to VR technology.
Medical Education and the Minority Tax

I sat down at the large conference room table surrounded by the other medical students, some of whom I recognized from earlier stops on the residency interview trail. As they continued their conversations, I looked around, realizing I was once again the only interviewee who is black. I kept gazing around the room, only to find more faces staring back that did not look like me. Hanging grandly from the walls were faces, painted in watercolor, framed in bronze, and undoubtedly of really important men … really important white men.
Pressure and Flow Comparisons Across Vocal Pathologies

Summary Objective The aim of this study was to aid in the distinction among hyperadductive dysphonias by evaluating peak glottal pressure, release burst, and mid and final airflow values across repeated /pa/ syllable trains. Methods Sixty subjects were assessed for aerodynamic patterns during onset-offset for the /papapapapa/ task in modal voice. Subject groups included adductory spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD), benign vocal fold lesion, primary muscle tension dysphonia (MTD-1), secondary muscle tension dysphonia with an identifiable primary benign vocal fold lesion (MTD-2), vocal fold paresis or paralysis, and normal controls. Results Increased peak pressure (PP) was found for AdSD and MTD-2 subjects compared with controls. Release burst and mid airflow were not significantly different among groups. Final airflow was significantly higher for AdSD compared with the other groups. Final airflow was significantly lower for MTD-1. Conclusions Significant differences in aerodynamics are seen in subjects with AdSD compared to MTD. AdSD was characterized by higher PP and higher final airflow. MTD-1 was characterized by lower final airflow, whereas MTD-2 was characterized by higher PP. Aerodynamic evaluation may aid in differential diagnosis for those patients in whom distinction among hyperadductive disorders is challenging.
Theory of Resonant Light Scattering Processes in Solids

A survey is presented of some recent work on the theory of resonant Brillouin and Raman scattering in insulating solids. The major themes which are examined are the effect of intermediate state interactions, and effects of spatial dispersion.
Negotiating Identity and Belonging through the Invisibility Bargain: Colombian Forced Migrants in Ecuador

This article argues that an “invisibility bargain” constrains migrants’ identities and political participation, demanding their economic contributions plus political and social invisibility in exchange for tolerance of their presence in the host country. In response, migrants negotiate their visible identity differences, minimize social distance from the host population, and build informal coalitions with non-state brokers to avoid citizen backlash against overt political activism. Examining Colombian forced migrants in Ecuador, the article challenges state-centric governance approaches, underscoring migrant agency in negotiating identity to influence social hierarchies, coexistence, and human security. Its findings advance the broader understanding of migration in the Global South.
Queer inclusion in teacher education: Bridging theory, research, and practice: by Olivia J. Murray. New York: Routledge, 2014. 252 pp., ISBN 978-0-415-71186-9.

Given that we are in era of rapidly shifting discussions pertaining to the laws and cultural norms that govern and control LGBTQ-identified students and teachers – one step forward, two steps back,...
Apartment industry terminology in online news articles: a follow-up study

ABSTRACTThe right choice of words can have a remarkable effect on how the public views apartments, dispelling stereotypes through the use of more appropriate terminology. A leading multifamily housing organization suggests these terms be replaced with a more contemporary vocabulary: unit is replaced with apartment homecomplex is replaced by apartment communitytenant is dropped in favor of the term residentlandlord is rejected in favor of the term community managerAs the apartment industry continues to strive for and maintain a positive image, this investigation replicates an earlier study in which online news articles were reviewed for terminology considered more appropriate in the apartment industry to identify if use of appropriate terms has increased. Although the scope of articles was expanded for this study compared to the pilot study, findings showed that unfavorable terms were still being used in publications. This study has implications for the media and for the apartment industry, as well as oppo...
Receiving Medical Treatment Plans from a Robot: Evaluations of Presence, Credibility, and Attraction

This paper presents a study investigating perceptions of an agent (human, robot, or A.I. computer program) delivering a treatment plan. Results demonstrate that human, robot, and A.I. physicians were perceived to be credible and attractive. However, the human physician received higher ratings when compared to the machine agents. Results are explained by the higher social presence attributed to the human physician.
APOE E4 is a lesser risk factor for frontotemporal than amnestic dementia with Alzheimer’s neuropathology (P1.084)

Objective: The present analysis was carried out in a large dataset to determine if the Apolipoprotein E ɛ4 allele (APOE) frequency in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia with Alzheimer’s Disease neuropathology (FTD-AD) is the same as in dementia of the Alzheimer type with AD neuropathology (DAT-AD). Background: AD neuropathology produces different clinical phenotypes, most typically a syndrome of progressive amnesia (DAT) and more rarely, progressive aphasia (PPA) or progressive behavioral disturbance (FTD). FTD is commonly associated with frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) but it can be related to AD in 20% of cases. The most common genetic risk factor for DAT-AD is APOE but it is not known if AD with clinical FTD has the same genetic risk profile. Design/Methods: Retrospective analysis of post-mortem data obtained from 1304 cases in the National Alzheimer Coordinating Center (NACC) database compared APOE frequency in cases with AD or FTLD and a clinical diagnosis of DAT or FTD. A secondary analysis compared APOE frequency in those with FTD-AD as a function of the presence of motor symptoms. Chi-square analyses were used. Results: In clinical FTD cases, APOE was more common with AD (46%) than with FTLD neuropathology (26%; p=0.011). However, there was a higher frequency of APOE in those with DAT-AD (61%) than with FTD-AD (46%) (p=0.026). Motor symptoms were not associated with APOE in FTD-AD. Conclusions: AD can have multiple clinical presentations, each with a different anatomical pattern of peak neurodegeneration. In its most common amnestic form, APOE is a major risk factor. However, it has been reported that APOE is not a risk factor for the AD pathology that presents as PPA. The presentation of AD as the FTD syndrome appears to have an intermediate relationship to APOE. Our results strengthen the conceptualization of AD as a heterogeneous entity with distinct clinical, anatomic and molecular features. Disclosure: Dr. G. Borges has nothing to disclose. Dr. W. Rademaker has nothing to disclose. Dr. H. Bigio has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mesulam has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weintraub has nothing to disclose.
Molecular Evidence for the Association of RNA Tumor Viruses with Human Mesenchymal Malignancies

Our overall purpose has been and remains to explore the possible involvement of RNA tumor viruses as etiologic or cofactor agents in human neoplasias and to exploit any leads that emerge that could be of any conceivable use in the prevention, diagnosis, or therapy of human cancer.
Performance of Nb3Sn-Cu in situ conductor in a superconducting magnet

A small superconducting magnet was constructed from in situ prepared Nb3Sn-Cu wire in order to test the suitability of this conductor material for use either as an insert magnet at 4.2K in the 10T range or as a stand alone magnet operating on a closed cycle refrigerator in the 10 to 14K range. The conductor was a single strand untwisted wire made by the Sn core process and stabilized with a jacket of pure Cu. Initial tests in a pool of liquid helium showed that the magnet critical current reached 90% of short sample performance with no evidence of training or changes in the field-current relation on repeated cycling even with repeated quenches. Subsequent tests on a close cycle refrigerator showed that the magnet was remarkably stable and gave a very reproducible magnetic field-current relation.
Single Integral Equations for Scattering by a Penetrable Obstacle

The transmission problem, namely scattering of time-harmonic waves in a compressible fluid by a fluid inclusion with different material properties, is usually formulated as a pair of coupled boundary integral equations over the interface S between the inclusion and the exterior fluid. In this paper, however, we consider methods for solving the transmission problem using a single integral equation over S for a single unknown function. We use a hybrid of the direct and indirect methods, and obtain eight different equations. Of these, four are Fredholm integral equations of the second kind, with weakly-singular kernels. Thus, these four, all of which appear to be new, are attractive computationally.
Public Infrastructure Investment, Institutions, and Economic Dynamism in the United States

Physical infrastructure is an aspect of a region’s entrepreneurial ecosystem and previous studies suggests that infrastructure is positively associated with entrepreneurial activity, a key componen...
More Evidence to Help Guide Decision Making About Aspirin for Primary Prevention

This commentary reviews the results of 2 large trials, 1 in healthy older adults and 1 in middle-aged and older adults with diabetes, that provide information to assist in decision making on aspiri...
Simulating Fuzzy Systems

Fuzzy Sets.- Fuzzy Estimation.- Fuzzy Probability Theory.- Fuzzy Systems Theory.- Simulation.- Queuing I: One-Step Calculations.- Simulation Optimization.- Queuing II: No One-Step Calculations.- Call Center Model.- Machine Shop I.- Machine Shop II.- Emergency Room Model.- Machine Servicing Problem.- Life Insurance: New Account Model.- Inventory Control I.- Inventory Control II.- Oil Tanker Problem.- Priority Queues.- Optimizing a Production Line.- Supermarket Model.- Bank Teller Problem.- A Bus Stop.- Process Failure/Spare Parts Problem.- Preemptive Service.- Project Network Model.- Summary and Conclusions.- Simulation Programs.
Reduced Graphene Oxide Supported Palladium Nanoparticles for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Activity toward Formate Electrooxidation in an Alkaline Medium

The development of alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEM) has allowed for a myriad of new liquid fuels to be used in fuel cell applications that cannot be effectively oxidized under acidic conditi...
Thirdspace Investigations: Geography, Dehumanization, and Seeking Spatial Justice in Kinesiology

The 39th Annual Dudley A. Sargent Lecturer challenges the kinesiology professions to be intentional in addressing issues related to spatiality. Beginning with an outline of how such a focus has via...
Combined Learning and Analytical Model Based Early Warning Algorithm for Real-Time Congestion Management

Fast and accurate estimation of branch flows is essential for power system security assessment. Reliable operation of the electric power system highly depends on a transmission network that is immune to miscellaneous contingencies and immediate actions against those contingencies. Operators run optimal power flow (OPF) in every 5-10 minutes resolution to determine transmission flow and to investigate any prospective overload in the system. However, for large scale systems, it becomes computationally costly and intractable. This paper presents a combined machine learning and analytical model-based scheme to make an early prediction of line congestion. The proposed method does not require solving OPF to determine branch loading that makes it suitable for real-time management of overload in transmission systems. A trained model predicts optimal generations based on demand information. Then, shift factors are used to calculate line flows. The proposed algorithm is based solely on net nodal injection regardless of the source of injection. As a result, it can easily capture uncertainties. Also, the scheme uses line outage distribution factors to forecast branch loading after $\pmb{N}-\mathbf{1}$ contingency. Numerical results on the EPRI 39-bus system, IEEE 57-bus system, and the IEEE 118-bus system show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for early prediction of transmission congestion and overload before and after the occurrence of contingencies.
Ambulatory and silent myocardial ischemia in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction: Results from the Cardiac Autonomic Nervous System study (CANS).

Abstract Background Up to two-thirds of patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) have silent ischemia (SI), which predicts an adverse prognosis and can be a treatment target in obstructive CAD. Over 50% of women with ischemia and no obstructive CAD have coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD), which is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of SI in CMD in order to consider it as a potential treatment target. Methods 36 women with CMD by coronary reactivity testing and 16 age matched reference subjects underwent 24-h 12-lead ambulatory ECG monitoring (Mortara Instruments) after anti-ischemia medication withdrawal. Ambulatory ECG recordings were reviewed by two-physician consensus masked to subject status for SI measured by evidence of ≥1 minute horizontal or downsloping ST segment depression ≥1.0 mm, measured 80 ms from the J point. Results Demographics, resting heart rate, and systolic blood pressure were similar between CMD and reference subjects. Thirty-nine percent of CMD women had a total of 26 SI episodes vs. 0 episodes in the reference group (p = 0.002). Among these women 13/14 (93%) had SI, and few episodes (3/26, 12%) were symptomatic. Mean HR at the onset of SI was 96 ± 13 bpm and increased to 117 ± 16 bpm during the ischemic episodes. 87% reported symptoms that were not associated with ST depressions. Conclusions Ambulatory ischemia is prevalent in women with CMD, with a majority being SI, while most reported symptoms were not accompanied by ambulatory ischemia. Clinical trials evaluating anti-ischemic medications should be considered in the CMD population.
Regulated lithium ionic flux through well-aligned channels for lithium dendrite inhibition in solid-state batteries

Abstract The utilization of solid electrolyte (SE) to suppress lithium (Li) dendrites is promising but still far from satisfactory due to the inhomogeneous Li plating/stripping. Here, we demonstrated a novel strategy to inhibit Li dendrites via regulating Li-ion flux in SE by using vertically aligned channels. The ion-insulating walls facilitated uniform distribution of Li-ion flux through the channels, leading to a homogeneous Li deposition, thus alleviating Li dendrite formation. As a result, symmetric cells with this SE exhibited excellent long-term stability (1000 ​h) against Li metal. In addition, Li4Ti5O12 (LTO)/Li cell with the developed SE achieved good battery performance over 100 cycles. The mechanism for dendrite suppression was further investigated by phase-field simulation. This work provides a novel strategy by manipulating uniform Li-ion flux to fabricate SE to inhibit Li dendrites and facilitates the development of high-performance rechargeable Li batteries.
History of viral hepatitis

Hepatitis is a medical condition attributed to inflammation of the liver. Jaundice is the clinical manifestation of liver malfunction, caused by faulty excretion of bile pigments from damaged hepatocytes which is characterized by a yellowish discoloration of the skin and conjunctivae of the eye and the excretion of dark colored-urine [1]. Hepatitis can be caused by a variety of reasons, including genetic disease, autoimmune disorders, drug overdoses (acetaminophen, aspirin, anesthesia agents) [2], excessive alcohol consumption and viral (hepatitis A-E viruses, yellow fever virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus) as well as non-viral etiological agents (syphilis, leptospirosis, Q fever). Depending on the duration of illness, it can be further classified as ‘acute’ or ‘chronic’ hepatitis.
Breaking the Silence: Memorialization and Cultural Repair in the Aftermath of the Armenian Genocide

Cultural destruction is an integral component of genocide as first formulated by Raphael Lemkin. The erasure of cultural heritage during and after the Armenian Genocide is particularly pronounced. Since the beginning the last decade efforts have been made to redress this erasure both within and outside Turkey. Projects employing digital media to repair this loss are described and analyzed. The objectives, successes, and failures of a decade-long memory project employing Dildilian family memoirs, Ottoman-era photographs, glass negatives, drawings, and original documents are utilized to both personalize the trauma and highlight the resilience of Armenians. A richly illustrated narrative of the lives of this extended family has been digitally recreated and employed in many different settings in Turkey and beyond.
Hot Aortic Nodules

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Morbidity of the dreaded thrombotic complications of atherosclerosis such as cerebrovascular accident and myocardial infarction may be severe. Early detection of fulminant disease is therefore important for risk stratification and selecting a treatment strategy. In this report we present four patients in which 18-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was identified in atherosclerotic plaques at positron emission tomography, performed for other indications. The study aims to showcase the potential implications of 18-fluorodeoxyglucose avid plaques, which may be otherwise overlooked at positron emission tomography. Early detection may aid in prevention of complications of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through aggressive lifestyle modification, as well as pharmacologic or other intervention, such as endovascular atherectomy.
Interpretable Drug Synergy Prediction with Graph Neural Networks for Human-AI Collaboration in Healthcare.

We investigate molecular mechanisms of resistant or sensitive response of cancer drug combination therapies in an inductive and interpretable manner. Though deep learning algorithms are widely used in the drug synergy prediction problem, it is still an open problem to formulate the prediction model with biological meaning to investigate the mysterious mechanisms of synergy (MoS) for the human-AI collaboration in healthcare systems. To address the challenges, we propose a deep graph neural network, IDSP (Interpretable Deep Signaling Pathways), to incorporate the gene-gene as well as gene-drug regulatory relationships in synergic drug combination predictions. IDSP automatically learns weights of edges based on the gene and drug node relations, i.e., signaling interactions, by a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) and aggregates information in an inductive manner. The proposed architecture generates interpretable drug synergy prediction by detecting important signaling interactions, and can be implemented when the underlying molecular mechanism encounters unseen genes or signaling pathways. We test IDWSP on signaling networks formulated by genes from 46 core cancer signaling pathways and drug combinations from NCI ALMANAC drug combination screening data. The experimental results demonstrated that 1) IDSP can learn from the underlying molecular mechanism to make prediction without additional drug chemical information while achieving highly comparable performance with current state-of-art methods; 2) IDSP show superior generality and flexibility to implement the synergy prediction task on both transductive tasks and inductive tasks. 3) IDSP can generate interpretable results by detecting different salient signaling patterns (i.e. MoS) for different cell lines.
A Simple Table-Top Technique for Multi-Signal Pseudo-Extracellular Recording

Validation of neural probe performance often includes implantation in live animals, to assess ability to detect and distinguish signals generated by individual neurons. While this method is informative, an effective in vitro alternative would streamline device development and improve ethical considerations by reducing the use of animals in the validation of neural recording devices. Here, we describe a simple system using ball electrodes to apply multiple neural waveforms to phosphate buffered saline, which are simultaneously recorded by a microelectrode probe. Using this technique, our neural probe was able to detect and distinguish spikes from multiple units of roughly physiological amplitudes (~100 microvolts peak to peak), indicating promise as an in vitro alternative to animal testing for initial validation of neural recording devices.
New perspectives on propofol allergy.

Purpose Propofol is an intravenous sedative used in many patient populations and care settings. Although generally considered safe and effective, the drug has historically been avoided in patients with reported allergies to egg, soy, and/or peanut on the basis of the manufacturer's prescribing information. Concerns exist for potential adverse events, increased medication costs, reduced efficacy, and risk of medication errors when using alternative agents. Here we present a critical examination of the literature concerning cross-reactivity of food allergies with propofol to provide evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation and management of potential allergic reactions. Summary Literature regarding the history of propofol allergy warnings and clinical trial data were assessed to provide an alternative perspective on avoidance of propofol in patients with food allergies. Suspected trigger molecules are discussed with evaluation of the antigenic potential of excipient ingredients used in the manufacture of multiple propofol formulations. Evidence-based recommendations are provided for pharmacist-led screening of adult patients with reported food allergies to support selection of propofol or alternative therapy. Conclusion There is a lack of definitive evidence that propofol must be routinely avoided in patients with reported allergies to egg, soy, and/or peanut products. Data from clinical trials suggest that propofol is safe for patients with nonanaphylactic food allergies. Patients who do experience allergic reactions following administration of propofol should undergo further testing to definitively identify the specific trigger and prevent future unnecessary avoidance of preferred medication regimens. Pharmacists can play an important role in interviewing patients with reported food allergies to better determine the risk vs benefit of propofol avoidance.
Incidence and Types of Human Papillomavirus Infections in Adolescent Girls and Young Women Immunized With the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine.

Importance Rates of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection have decreased since the introduction of HPV vaccines in populations with high vaccine uptake. Data are limited for adolescent and young adult populations in US metropolitan centers. Objective To determine HPV infection rates in adolescent girls and young women aged 13 to 21 years in New York City following HPV vaccination. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study of type-specific cervical HPV detection was conducted at a large adolescent-specific integrated health center in New York City between October 2007 and September 2019. Participants included an open cohort of adolescent girls and young adult women who received the HPV vaccine (Gardasil; Merck & Co) over a 12-year period following HPV vaccination introduction. Data analysis was concluded September 2019. Exposures Calendar date and time since receipt of first vaccine dose. Main Outcomes and Measures Temporal associations in age-adjusted postvaccine HPV rates. Results A total of 1453 participants, with a mean (SD) age at baseline of 18.2 (1.4) years, were included in the cohort (African American with no Hispanic ethnicity, 515 [35.4%] participants; African American with Hispanic ethnicity, 218 [15.0%] participants; Hispanic with no reported race, 637 [43.8%] participants). Approximately half (694 [47.8%] participants) were vaccinated prior to coitarche. Age-adjusted detection rates for quadrivalent vaccine types (HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16, and HPV-18) and related types (HPV-31, and HPV-45) decreased year over year, with the largest effect sizes observed among individuals who had been vaccinated before coitarche (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98). By contrast, detection was higher year over year for nonvaccine high-risk cervical HPV types (aOR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.04-1.13) and anal HPV types (aOR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05-1.17). The largest effect sizes were observed with nonvaccine types HPV-56 and HPV-68. Conclusions and Relevance Whereas lower detection rates of vaccine-related HPV types were observed since introduction of vaccines in female youth in New York City, rates of some nonvaccine high-risk HPV types were higher. Continued monitoring of high-risk HPV prevalence is warranted.
A Proximal Algorithm for Sampling from Non-smooth Potentials

Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) is an effective and dominant method to sample from high-dimensional complex distributions. Yet, most existing MCMC methods are only applicable to settings with smooth potentials (log-densities). In this work, we examine sampling problems with non-smooth potentials. We propose a novel MCMC algorithm for sampling from non-smooth potentials. We provide a non-asymptotical analysis of our algorithm and establish a polynomial-time complexity $\tilde {\cal O}(d\varepsilon^{-1})$ to obtain $\varepsilon$ total variation distance to the target density, better than all existing results under the same assumptions. Our method is based on the proximal bundle method and an alternating sampling framework. This framework requires the so-called restricted Gaussian oracle, which can be viewed as a sampling counterpart of the proximal mapping in convex optimization. One key contribution of this work is a fast algorithm that realizes the restricted Gaussian oracle for any convex non-smooth potential with bounded Lipschitz constant.
Inequities Laid Bare: The Mental Health of Young Adults in Rhode Island During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study documents disparities in the mental health burden of young adults in Rhode Island during the COVID-19 pandemic as it pertains to essential worker status, sexual orientation, gender identity, and childhood trauma. A cross-sectional web-based survey of young adults aged 18 to 25 years conducted between May and October of 2020 assessed anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and thoughts of suicide. In fully adjusted regression models, (n =528 young adults) being an essential worker, a sexual minority, having lower relative SES, and having more adverse childhood experiences were significantly associated with negative mental health outcomes. In models adjusted for individual ACEs, exposure to mental illness in the household, physical violence between adults in the household, emotional abuse, and sexual abuse were independently associated with all three outcomes. Young adults most vulnerable and stigmatized in the community are also those who are most severely affected in terms of mental health.
A Ball and Beam Testbed for Fuzzy Identification and Control Design

This paper describes a case study from conception through final experimental design of a ball and beam testbed for comparison of conventional and fuzzy control techniques. Control objectives include quick and accurate positioning of the ball to a specified location along the platform. Conventional linear control techniques were employed in simulation and then applied to the experimental apparatus. For comparison purposes, techniques in fuzzy control were utilized in developing alternative control algorithms. Significant non-linearities, such as discrete position sensing capabilities, are designed into the experiemtnal ball and beam apparatus in order to compare control effectiveness when transfering control designs from simulation to a real world testbed.