cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Selective oxidation of propylene over model supported V2O5 catalysts: Influence of surface vanadia coverage and oxide support

Abstract The selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein was investigated over well-defined supported vanadium oxide catalysts as a function of the oxide support (Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 and ZrO 2 ) and surface vanadia coverage in the sub-monolayer region ( 2 ). The supported vanadia catalysts were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation of vanadium isopropoxide/isopropanol solutions and subsequently dried and calcined at elevated temperatures to form the surface vanadia species. The molecular structures and oxidation states of the supported vanadia catalysts were examined with in situ UV–vis and Raman spectroscopy in different environments (oxidizing, reducing and during propylene oxidation reaction). The supported vanadia phase is found to be present as surface VO 4 species in the sub-monolayer region and becomes partially reduced during the propylene oxidation reaction environment. The propylene oxidation to acrolein TOF increases with surface vanadia coverage because two surface VO 4 sites are involved in the rate-determining-step for acrolein formation. At monolayer surface vanadia coverage, the acrolein TOF varies by a factor of ∼10 2 as a function of the specific oxide support: V 2 O 5 /ZrO 2 ∼ V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 > V 2 O 5 /Nb 2 O 5 > V 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 > V 2 O 5 /SiO 2 . This reactivity trend inversely varies with the electronegativity of the oxide support cation, which controls the electron density on the bridging V O support bond and the availability of the bridging oxygen atom for redox reactions. This suggests that bridging V O support bond is the catalytic active site for the selective oxidation of propylene to acrolein.
Multinomial processing tree models of factorial categorization

Abstract A general processing tree (GPT) model family (e.g., X. Hu & W. H. Batchelder, 1994, Psychometrika 59 , 21–47) is developed for measuring latent cognitive processes that may occur when subjects classify factorially defined stimuli. The GPT family for a two-factor, four-category design was shown to generalize Massaro and colleagues' fuzzy logic model of perception (FLMP) for this design. In fact, members of the family nest the GPT version of FLMP. The model family is based on the idea that the manifest categorical response depends on the joint outcomes of two dichotomous, latent processes. Closed-form expressions for maximum likelihood parameter estimates as well as their asymptotic variances are provided for all but one member of the model family. Members of the GPT family relax FLMP's processing assumptions in various ways, so these models can provide insight into the nature of processing in cases where FLMP is found to fail. Members of the model family were fitted to data from a speech perception experiment, and it was found that FLMP failed to fit the data, but two other models in the family provided an excellent account of the data. Finally, it is shown how to generalize the approach to different numbers of factors and categories
HEPATITIS C-ASSOCIATED AUTOIMMUNE DISORDERS

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been associated with multiple autoimmune manifestations. The immune response to HCV infection encompasses the development of autoantibodies, immune complex formation and deposition, and cryoglobulinemia complicated by vasculitis, glomerulonephritis, or neuropathy. HCV infection has been associated with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, RA, SLE, PM/DM, and thyroid disease. HCV-infected patients also have a high incidence of sicca symptoms with sialoadenitis, and reports of low-grade lymphoproliferative malignancies have emerged. Optimal treatment for HCV-related autoimmune disease remains to be determined, but patients seem to respond to immunosuppression with classic agents or interferon.
Urban heat island mitigation strategies and lizard thermal ecology: landscaping can quadruple potential activity time in an arid city

A global warming of 2 °C is predicted to drive almost half the world’s lizard populations to extinction. Urban heat island (UHI) effects may further exacerbate the impacts of climate change on organisms that are sensitive to small changes in temperature. Currently, the Phoenix metropolitan region in Arizona, USA, is an average of 3 °C warmer than the surrounding desert. With continuing urbanization and climate change, thermal stress will become an increasingly important facet of urban ecology in coming decades. The main objective of our study was to investigate which landscaping styles and microhabitat variables can most effectively reduce the surface temperatures experienced by lizards. Using a bare lot as a control, we placed copper lizard models with data loggers in several vegetation and irrigation treatments that represent the dominant backyard landscaping styles in Phoenix (grassy mesic with mist irrigation, drip irrigated xeric, unirrigated native, and a hybrid style known as oasis). Our lizard models recorded 6915 estimates of potential body temperatures. We show that lizard activity time in summer was restricted to a few hours in un-irrigated native desert landscaping, while heavily irrigated grass and shade trees allowed for continual activity during even the hottest days. Shade, humidity, and sky view factor explained the majority of variation in temperature at a sub-meter scale. We suggest that maintaining the existing diversity of landscaping styles (as part of an ongoing UHI mitigation strategy targeted at humans) will be beneficial for lizards.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 197

Nuclear structure information available to August 1976 has been reviewed. The level properties obtained from various reaction and decay experiments are shown in the drawings. Experimental details, references, and comments are given in the text. The adopted level properties are summarized and referenced to systematics.
An 18th-century singer’s commission of ‘baggage’ arias

The power of 18th-century singers to compel the insertion of arias of their own choosing into productions of Italian opera has long been a source of fascination to historians of performance practice. Such arias, carried from town to town in a singer’s baggage, so to speak, are thought to have been specially selected by virtuosos as a means of displaying their voices to best advantage wherever they appeared, no matter what the opera. The modern view of this practice has traditionally been shaped by the opinions of two Italian critics of the early 18th century, Benedetto Marcello, in his well-known satire Il teatro alia moda (1720), and Pier Jacopo Martello, in his essay Della tragedia antica e moderna (1715). While Marcello alluded occasionally to concessions made by impresarios to singers who wished to add their own arias, Martello advised librettists not to resist the pressure frequently put on them to permit the substitution of their aria texts; it was simply not worth the trouble. As he said: Be willing to exchange good arias for bad ones: if singers want to force on to the end of your recitative an aria that had won them applause in Milan, Venice, Genoa or elsewhere, and even if it expresses a sentiment at great variance from what is required, what difference does it make? Let them put it in, or else you will see all of them piercing your temples with the complaints of sopranos and altos. 1
Mixing in age-structured population models of infectious diseases

Infectious diseases are controlled by reducing pathogen replication within or transmission between hosts. Models can reliably evaluate alternative strategies for curtailing transmission, but only if interpersonal mixing is represented realistically. Compartmental modelers commonly use convex combinations of contacts within and among groups of similarly aged individuals, respectively termed preferential and proportionate mixing. Recently published face-to-face conversation and time-use studies suggest that parents and children and co-workers also mix preferentially. As indirect effects arise from the off-diagonal elements of mixing matrices, these observations are exceedingly important. Accordingly, we refined the formula published by Jacquez et al. [19] to account for these newly-observed patterns and estimated age-specific fractions of contacts with each preferred group. As the ages of contemporaries need not be identical nor those of parents and children to differ by exactly the generation time, we also estimated the variances of the Gaussian distributions with which we replaced the Kronecker delta commonly used in theoretical studies. Our formulae reproduce observed patterns and can be used, given contacts, to estimate probabilities of infection on contact, infection rates, and reproduction numbers. As examples, we illustrate these calculations for influenza based on "attack rates" from a prospective household study during the 1957 pandemic and for varicella based on cumulative incidence estimated from a cross-sectional serological survey conducted from 1988-94, together with contact rates from the several face-to-face conversation and time-use studies. Susceptibility to infection on contact generally declines with age, but may be elevated among adolescents and adults with young children.
The Potentiating Effects of Malnutrition on Child Mortality: Epidemiologic Evidence and Policy Implications

The physiologic synergism between malnutrition and infection has been recognized for some time, but its implications have not been addressed in current child survival policies and programs. This paper summarizes the conclusions from a recent analysis of 28 epidemiologic studies of the malnutrition–mortality relationship. It concludes that the relationship is consistent across diverse world populations, that there is a significant effect of both mild-to-moderate malnutrition and severe malnutrition, and that the effect is not simply due to confounding by socioeconomic factors or intercurrent illness. In addition, evidence is provided supporting the hypothesis that malnutrition and infection have multiplicative effects on child mortality, rather than the additive effects implicitly assumed, and the policy implications of these findings are described.
Labor Costs in the United States Compared with Costs Elsewhere

The comparison is of labor costs in the sense of quantity of labor per unit of output. — I. Coal in the United States and other countries, 98. — II. The United States and Great Britain: iron and steel; other articles, 102. — III. Window-glass in the United States, Belgium, and Sweden, 107. — IV. Cotton goods in the United States and Japan, 111.
Redox Properties of Cytochrome c Adsorbed on Self-Assembled Monolayers: A Probe for Protein Conformation and Orientation

The redox behavior of cytochrome c (cyt c) adsorbed to gold electrodes modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) depends on the SAM. This paper examines SAMs generated from alkanethiols terminating in trimethylammonium (1), sulfonate (2), methyl (3), amine (4), and carboxylic acid (5) groups and from an aromatic thiol (6). The redox potentials of cyt c adsorbed on SAMs of 1 and 5 are relatively close to the formal potential of native cyt c measured in solution. The redox potentials of cyt c adsorbed on SAMs of 3, 4, and 6 are significantly shifted from the formal potential, and a reduction peak at about 0.5 V more negative than the formal potential (that is, a value corresponding to a more difficult reduction) was observed in all three cases. These observations suggest that cyt c changes its conformation significantly on adsorption on these surfaces. No redox peaks were observed for cyt c adsorbed on SAMs of 2, although surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies indicate that the SAMs of 2 irreversibly ...
Intellectual property in a networked world: Balancing fair use and commercial interests

Cet article traite du probleme de la propriete intellectuelle dans les milieux universitaires americains a l'heure des reseaux de communivation et d'information mondiaux. L'auteur de cet article essaie de demontrer que les universitaires et les editeurs ont interet a travailler ensemble pour trouver des solutions a ce probleme de propriete intellectuelle, ceci dans leurs interets respectifs
On the numerical solution of time-dependent viscous incompressible fluid flows involving solid boundaries

An inherent numerical problem associated with the fully explicit pseudospectral numerical simulation of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equation for viscous flows with no-slip walls is described. A semi-implicit scheme which circumvents this numerical difficulty is presented. In this algorithm the equation of continuity rather than the Poisson equation for pressure is solved directly. Pseudospectral formulation of the channel flow problem using Fourier series and Chebyshev polynomials expansions is given for this scheme. An example demonstrating the applicability of the method is given.
Differential Regulation of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-10 Production by CD4+ αβTCR+ T Cells and Vδ2+ γδ T Cells in Response to Monocytes Infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-H37Ra

Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli readily activate CD4(+) and gammadelta T cells. CD4(+) and gammadelta T cells were compared for their ability to regulate IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 production, cytokines with significant roles in the immune response to M. tuberculosis. PBMC from healthy tuberculin positive donors were stimulated with live M. tuberculosis-H37Ra. CD4(+) and gammadelta T cells were purified by negative selection and tested in response to autologous monocytes infected with M. tuberculosis. Both subsets produced equal amounts of secreted IFN-gamma. However, the precursor frequency of IFN-gamma secreting gammadelta T cells was half that of CD4(+) T cells, indicating that gammadelta T cells were more efficient producers of IFN-gamma than CD4(+) T cells. TNF-alpha production was markedly enhanced by addition of CD4(+) and gammadelta T cells to M. tuberculosis infected monocytes, and TNF-alpha was produced by both T cells and monocytes. No differences in TNF-alpha enhancement were noted between CD4(+) and gammadelta T cells. IL-10 production by M. tuberculosis infected monocytes was not modulated by CD4(+) or gammadelta T cells. Thus CD4(+) and gammadelta T cells had similar roles in differential regulation of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 secretion in response to M. tuberculosis infected monocytes. However, the interaction between T cells and infected monocytes differed for each cytokine. IFN-gamma production was dependent on antigen presentation and costimulators provided by monocytes. TNF-alpha levels were increased by addition of TNF-alpha produced by T cells and IL-10 production by monocytes was not modulated by CD4(+) or gammadelta T cells.
An Integrative Review of Positive Health Practices

This study presents an integrative review of published research articles on positive health practices (PHP) as defined by Muhlenkamp and Brown. Using Cooper's guidelines for accomplishing an integrative review, 29 relevant studies concerning PHP were located, reviewed, and critiqued; theoretical and methodological issues emerging from the studies were identified. Directions for future research on PHP are specified. Implications for nursing practice derived from the research findings are addressed.
Impact of an assay that enables rapid determination of Staphylococcus species and their drug susceptibility on the treatment of patients with positive blood culture results.

Objective. To determine whether an earlier determination of staphylococcal species and their antibiotic susceptibility decreases unnecessary antistaphylococcal treatment and/or facilitates earlier appropriate treatment. Methods. We used the Xpert MRSA/SA BC system (Cepheid) for immediate determination of species and their drug susceptibility in patients whose blood cultures revealed gram‐positive cocci in clusters. We compared the treatment of patients whose physicians received early notification of these results (group 1) with the treatment of patients in a historical cohort with delayed reporting after traditional microbiological studies (group 2). Outcomes were analyzed according to whether blood culture was positive for Staphylococcus species other than S. aureus, methicillin‐susceptible S. aureus (MSSA), or methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and whether the drugs used were appropriate for methicillin‐susceptible or methicillin‐resistant staphylococci (hereafter referred to as “MSS drug” or “MRS d...
The epidemiology of depression in medical care

Major depression may be the most common medical or psychiatric disorder seen in primary medical care clinics, occurring in approximately 6 to 10 percent of the clinic populations. Despite this high prevalence rate, patients with depression often go undiagnosed or are misdiagnosed. The evidence suggests a multifactorial etiology for this problem. Many patients with depression selectively focus on the somatic components of their depressive syndrome and minimize or even deny affective and cognitive symptoms. Depression and medical disorders also often occur concomitantly with depression causing amplification of somatic complaints. Due to the unidimensional focus on the biomedical model many physicians only evaluate and treat the physical illness and do not diagnose the depression. This often leads to aggressive medical testing and treatment that carries the risk of iatrogenic injury (polysurgery, multiple tests and procedures, prescription of opiates and benzodiazepines). Several interventions are suggested to improve the diagnostic acumen of primary care physicians.
Stimulus-elicited investigation in apomorphine-treated gerbils.

When the dopamine receptor stimulant, apomorphine hydrochloride (0.03–3.0 mg/kg, sc), was injected into Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus), low doses produced changes in behavior that were qualitatively dissimilar to those produced by higher doses. The behaviors observed included one test of the duration and frequency of investigation of a novel object; a second test of the duration and frequency of investigation of five holes in the floor (one of which concealed an odor source); and the rate of crossing lines of a grid on which motion pictures of the behavior were projected to provide a measure of locomotor activity. After the highest dose of apomorphine (3.0 mg/kg) investigatory and activity measures were severely decreased. After 1.0 or 2.0 mg/kg doses of this putative dopamine agonist, investigation of the holes, as well as the duration, but not the frequency, of investigation of a novel object, were decreased. The stability of the latter frequency measure indicates that this drug does not disrupt all attention directed towards novel stimuli. However, a deficit in selective attention was indicated by the lack of inhibition of responding on subsequent trials. A lack of selectivity of responding to novel stimuli was also supported by the observation that gerbils receiving a range of doses of apomorphine did not consistently investigate the odor hole more than the other neutral holes. Gerbils receiving a moderate dose (0.3 mg/kg) of apomorphine were impaired only on some of the measures and not on others. The selective effects of 0.3 mg/kg apomorphine were evaluated further in another experiment and, in addition, compared in gerbils pretreated with the potent and selective dopamine blocker, pimozide. Again, there was no impairment by apomorphine of the duration of investigation of an object, but there was a depressant effect on frequency of object investigation, duration and frequency of investigation of the holes, and of locomotor activity. Pimozide itself also had a slight, nonsignificant depressant effect that was not additive with the effects of apomorphine. When both drugs were given, pimozide blocked the apomorphine effects. Thus, a moderate dose of apomorphine can depress investigatory behavior as well as locomotor activity (as has been reported previously), consistent with the earlier proposal that low dose effects of apomorphine that differ qualitatively from higher dose effects may be due to the stimulation of hypothetical “presynaptic” dopamine receptors.
FINASTERIDE INHIBITS 5α-REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN DERMAL FIBROBLASTS: PREDICTION OF ITS THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION IN ANDROGEN-RELATED SKIN DISEASES

Background. The potential role of finasteride in treating androgen related skin disorders was investigated. Methods. Pooled human dermal fibroblasts were used to assess the effect of finasteride on the 5α-reductase activity in skin tissue. Vmax and Km were estimated in the presence of 0, 10, and 200 nM finasteride. Results. Vmax values remain constant near 1.20 pmol/mg protein/h in the presence of increasing concentrations of finasteride; however, apparent Km increases from 0.27 nM at 0 nM finasteride to 0.31 nM and 0.44 nM at 10 nM and 200 nM finasteride, respectively. This suggests that ministered competes with testosterone and has a high affinity for same binding site of the 5α-reductase enzyme. Apparent Ki was estimated at 282 nM, indicating that a high concentration of finasteride is required to significantly suppress the enzyme activity. Conclusions. This study confirms that finasteride inhibits the conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone in human reticular dermal fibroblasts. Finasteride may have therapeutic potential in treating skin disorders influenced by the action of dihydrotestosterone.
Biological physics: rare returns on lost effort.

How does the size of a system affect its thermodynamic irreversibility? A deft experiment that observes the unfolding and refolding of a single molecule of RNA provides insights into the question at a small scale.
Effects of topographical and mechanical property alterations induced by oxygen plasma modification on stem cell behavior.

Polymeric substrates intended for cell culture and tissue engineering are often surface-modified to facilitate cell attachment of most anchorage-dependent cell types. The modification alters the surface chemistry and possibly topography. However, scant attention has been paid to other surface property alterations. In studying oxygen plasma treatment of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), we show that oxygen plasma treatment alters the surface chemistry and, consequently, the topography and elasticity of PDMS at the nanoscale level. The elasticity factor has the predominant effect, compared with the chemical and topographical factors, on cell adhesions of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The enhanced focal adhesions favor cell spreading and osteogenesis of hMSCs. Given the prevalent use of PDMS in biomedical device construction and cell culture experiments, this study highlights the importance of understanding how oxygen plasma treatment would impact subsequent cell–substrate interactions. It helps explain i...
The Hexopater TM , from birth to market: innovative product development challenges

Product innovation in a compressed time frame puts enormous pressure on a firm to effectively and efficiently manage limited budget, time and allocation of material and human resources. The study reported relates to an innovative new product development and the associated challenges faced by an entrepreneurial business operation. Olde Manse, a company located in Cannon Falls, Minnesota, received a contract to develop, produce and deliver an innovative product called the Hexopater TM . Along the route of development through delivery: critical business drivers were recognized; benefits of Group Technology were realized; the concept of Lean Thinking including the 5 ‘S’s (Sort, Shine, Set in order, Standardize, and Sustain) was examined and utilized; and finally the Hexopater TM was delivered to the customer on time. Special emphasis was placed on: designing a product to reduce the impact on the environment; designing to eliminate manufacturing defects; and writing specifications, even if they were only best ...
Initial Experience with Dorsal Venous Arch Arterialization for Limb Salvage

Surgical reconstruction for patients with symptomatic lower extremity arterial occlusive disease is successful when a suitable distal target vessel is present. In patients with unreconstructable disease, practical surgical options are at a minimum. We report our initial experience with dorsal venous arch arterialization (DVAA) for limb salvage. Patients with a lower extremity arteriogram and tibia/plantar artery duplex scan demonstrating unreconstructable occlusive disease were evaluated for DVAA. The venous arch valve lysis technique consisted of retrograde balloon catheter, arterial dilator disruption, and direct valvulectomy. Outcome variables included patency, limb salvage rate, and toe pressure alterations. Initial results suggest that DVAA may be a viable option for end-stage limb salvage. Application of the DVAA appears to be more suitable for patients with symptoms secondary to atherosclerosis than those with Buerger's disease.
Multitarget acquisition fire control simulation

This paper summarizes the development, structure, verification, and applications of the Multi-Target Acquisition System (MTAS) Fire ontrol (FC) simulation. Development of the simulation began in 1982 as part of the Center for Night Vision and Electro-Optics (CNVEO) "Search and Target Acquisition Radar for Target Location and Engagement" (STARTLE) Program. Originally, a milli-meter wave radar sensor was employed to locate and tract multiple targets. Since then, the simulation has been extended to include a FLIR/ electro-optical sensor, a manual tracking system, and more sophisticated FC algorithms applicable to multiple targets. The purpose of this paper is to describe the beginnings of a generic, multi-target fire control structure that is applicable to armored vehicles, and to illustrate the key error contributors of accurate target location and subsequent motion prediction.re provided. Sample results for stationary firer/maneuvering multiple targets for different tracking systems are presented. Also, the timeline characteristics of addressing three targets in succession is presented to illustrate the multi-target analysis capability of the simulation. Finally, applications to current and future Army programs are discussed.© (1990) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The economics of mild cognitive impairment

Abstract Individuals with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are at elevated risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the economic burden of AD itself is well recognized, little is known about the direct and indirect costs associated with MCI before the onset of AD. Insufficient data on the economic impact of MCI as well as other gaps in the knowledge base (such as estimates of MCI progression rates and factors that drive MCI-related costs) present challenges to understanding the burden of MCI and to modeling the cost-effectiveness of potential MCI interventions. Initiating treatment and care management in the MCI phase could improve the health and well-being of patients and caregivers and possibly offset certain costs. Future economic analyses should incorporate new data, as they become available, from patient registries and linked administrative claims and electronic medical records to better characterize the cost consequences of MCI detection and management. Such analyses should help payers, providers, and policy makers make more informed decisions about the costs and benefits of new tests, treatments, and other management strategies for the condition.
Drag Coefficient Estimation in Orbit Determination

Drag modeling is the greatest uncertainty in the dynamics of low Earth satellite orbits where ballistic coefficient and density errors dominate drag errors. This paper examines fitted drag coefficients found as part of a precision orbit determination process for Stella, Starlette, and the GEOSAT Follow-On satellites from 2000 to 2005. The drag coefficients for the spherical Stella and Starlette satellites are assumed to be highly correlated with density model error. The results using MSIS-86, NRLMSISE-00, and NRLMSISE-00 with dynamic calibration of the atmosphere (DCA) density corrections are compared. The DCA corrections were formulated for altitudes of 200–600 km and are found to be inappropriate when applied at 800 km. The yearly mean fitted drag coefficients are calculated for each satellite for each year studied. The yearly mean drag coefficients are higher for Starlette than Stella, where Starlette is at a higher altitude. The yearly mean fitted drag coefficients for all three satellites decrease as solar activity decreases after solar maximum.
Selective venous catheterization of the neck: localization of a parathyroid adenoma drained anomalously by nonthyroidal veins.

A 52-yr-old woman had undergone 3 surgical explorations for hyperparathyroidism but no adenoma had been found. A lesion drained by 2 anomalous lateral neck veins was found during superior thyroid arteriography. The veins were catheterized and samples taken from them showed abnormally high concentrations of parathyroid hormone confirming that the lesion was in fact the source of excess parathyroid hormone activity. A parathyroid adenoma was then successfully removed at surgery. This case illustrates the value of arteriography, selective venous sampling, and radioimmunoassay of parathyroid hormone in a case of primary hyperparathyroidism difficult to diagnose by conventional means.
Energetic costs of the winter arboreal microclimate: The gray squirrel in a tree

Heated taxidermic mounts of the gray squirrel were used to analyze the thermal environment of a small arboreal endotherm. Changes in the standard operative temperature (Tes) calculated from the temperatures of heated and unheated mounts agreed well with the power consumption (M−E) of mounts on the ground and on the wind-ward side of a 48-cm diameter tree trunk. As wind speed (u) rose and sky solar radiation (Qr) decreased, the windward side of the tree trunk became an increasingly more stressful thermal environment than the leeward side of the trunk or the ground, producingM−E differences of more than 30%. Although theM−E of a ground mount and a limb mount 4 m in the air are dependent onQras well asu, the ratio of the two value ofM−E is independent ofQr, poorly predicted byu and well predicted byu1/2.
EFFECTS OF AGE, SEX, CASTRATION AND THE ADMINISTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE AND ESTRADIOL ON LEVELS OF SERUM CHOLESTERYL ESTER FATTY ACIDS IN RATS.

Studies are reported on the effect of age, sex, castration and the administration of testosterone and estradiol on concentrations of 4 fatty acid esters of cholesterol in sera of rats. Cholesteryl arachidonate levels were significantly higher in females than in males. Levels of cholesteryl arachidonate distinguished the female ester pattern from the male, as the other 3 major cholesteryl fatty acid ester levels were found to be similar. The characteristic patterns were evident at 21 days of age and were still present at 240 days of age. Castration had no obvious effect on the serum cholesterol esters measured. Cholesteryl arachidonate was decreased in both sexes during the administration of testosterone and increased in male rats when estradiol was given. Cholesteryl ester fatty acid patterns of female rats given androgen resemble those of adult male rats. The reverse effect occurs in the male rats given estrogen. (Endocrinology 76: 1047, 1965)
Whispering Gallery Mode Sapphire Resonator for Microwave Characterization of Lossy Liquids

Whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators are used widely for electrophysical parameter determination of different substances. Earlier it was shown that radially two-layered resonator made of Teflon can be used for complex permittivity measurement of lossy liquids. The resonator was a Teflon ring sandwiched between conducting endplates (CEP). Substances measured were distilled water and ethyl alcohol. They were put into interior layer of resonator. It is worth to note that accuracy of lossy liquid (such as water) measurement by means of Teflon resonator is insufficient. Evidently, for increasing accuracy of complex permittivity measurement a complex permittivity of outer layer in the resonator must be higher than permittivity of Teflon.
Defects, tight binding, and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations on a-Si

We report on some recent results of first principles molecular dynamics simulations on a-Si. These simulations yield interesting results that challenge the standard beliefs about what constitutes a defect, how light induced defects arise, and about the origins of conduction band tailing.
Intravitam studies on the hemipteran, Leptocoris trivittatus. A description of the male reproductive organs and the aggregation and turning of the sperms

A study of the male reproductive organs of a hemipteron, Leptocoris trivittatus, has been made. The genital system, which consists of fan-shaped testes; the vasa deferentia, to which a single pair of accessory glands are attached; ejaculatory ducts and the copulatory apparatus, is described and photomicrographs of consecutive parts presented. Then an analysis of the method of aggregation and turning of the sperms is made by means of intravitam technic. Aggregation and turning commence in the early spermatid stage. A spherical cyst forms, the tails first grow centripetally and then push out toward the lower end of the cyst. This line of growth in the cyst moves the head ends of the spermatids to the upper end where aggregation gradually takes place. The cysts spiral up and across the follicles, the moving force being, probably, the elongating tails. Later they spiral down the follicle, development progressing rapidly. The descending bundles are mature sperm, held together by a cytoplasmic cap. The accessory gland secretes a milky substance which probably activates the sperm at a later stage. Peristalsis occurs in the wall of the gland and duct. The process of massing sperm into bundles before copulation insures effective translocation. Then peristalsis and movement of tubular fluids carry the sperm down the duct to the copulatory apparatus.
Low-frequency vibrational modes of viruses used for nanoelectronic self-assemblies

or water. The radial breathing modes of TMV and M13 viruses in air (water) are 1.85 cm -1 and 6.42 cm -1 (2.10 cm -1 and 6.12 cm -1 ), respectively. Elastic vibrations of the two viruses in water are damped with the
The New Politics of Interdependence Cross-National Layering in Trans-Atlantic Regulatory Disputes

How are regulatory disputes between the major powers resolved? Existing literature generally characterizes such regulatory disagreements as system clash, in which national systems of regulation com...
Adolescent social isolation does not lead to persistent increases in anxiety- like behavior or ethanol intake in female long-evans rats.

Background Clinically, early life stress and anxiety disorders are associated with increased vulnerability for alcohol use disorders. In male rats, early life stress, imparted by adolescent social isolation, results in long-lasting increases in a number of behavioral risk factors for alcoholism, including greater anxiety-like behaviors and ethanol (EtOH) intake. Several recent studies have begun to use this model to gain insight into the relationships among anxiety measures, stress, EtOH intake, and neurobiological correlates driving these behaviors. As prior research has noted significant sex differences in the impact of adolescent stress on anxiety measures and EtOH drinking, the current study was conducted to determine if this same model produces an “addiction vulnerable” phenotype in female rodents. Methods Female Long Evans rats were socially isolated (SI; 1/cage) or group housed (GH; 4/cage) for 6 weeks during adolescence. After this housing manipulation, behavioral assessment was conducted using the elevated plus maze, response to novelty in an open field environment, and the light/dark box. After behavioral testing, home cage EtOH drinking was assessed across an 8-week period. Results No group differences were detected in any of the behavioral measures of unconditioned anxiety-like behavior. Greater EtOH intake and preference were observed in SI females but these differences did not persist. Conclusions The SI/GH model, which results in robust and enduring increases in anxiety measures and EtOH self-administration in male Long Evans rats, did not result in similar behavioral changes in female rats. These data, and that of others, suggest that adolescent social isolation is not a useful model with which to study neurobiological substrates linking antecedent anxiety and addiction vulnerability in female rats. Given the compelling epidemiological evidence that the relationship between chronic adolescent stress and alcohol addiction is particularly strong in women, there is clearly an urgent need to identify a more effective model with which to study these clinically important relationships in female rodents.
What Sequences on High-Field MR Best Depict Temporal Resolution of Experimental ICH and Edema Formation in Mice?

Background and Purpose. Pilot study to examine the use of T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images for evaluating hematoma size and extent of edema in mouse brain at high field. Methods. Following collagenase-induced intracerebral hemorrhage, nine mice were imaged at 4.7 T using T1-, T2-, and T2*-weighted images for hematoma and edema quantitation on days 1, 3, 10, and 21 after surgery. Values were compared with morphometric analysis of cryosections at the time of final MR imaging. Results. For hematoma quantitation, the Spearman correlation coefficient (r) between T1 signal change and histology was 0.70 (P < 0.04) compared with r = 0.61 (P < 0.09) for T2*. The extent of perihematomal edema formation on cryosections was well reflected on T2 with r = 0.73 (P < 0.03). Conclusions. Within the limits of our pilot study, MR imaging on 4.7 T appears to approximate the temporal changes in hematoma and edema sizes in murine ICH well, thus laying the groundwork for longitudinal studies on hematoma resorption and edema formation.
The Design and Implementation of a Semi-autonomic Data Stream Query Processing Testbed

This work describes the design and implementation of data stream query processing system built with two goals in mind. The main goal is to create a single-user data stream query processing system designed for small to medium scale live-data applications and for querying large datasets. The system will have features such as minimal setup and configuration, an easy-to-use yet powerful query language, autonomic buffer management, semi-autonomic data discard policies, and the ability to efficiently process queries for large, structured data files. The second goal is to create a testbed for researching current problems in data stream query processing. Some areas of interest include buffer management techniques, data discard policies, and large dataset query processing. In order to build a system that is both useful and efficient, we have built our query processing engine using a modular design that utilizes various design patterns. This allows us to design and test components independently and analyze them at a granular level.
A Long View of America’s Immigration Policy and the Supply of Foreign-Born STEM Workers in the United States

The immigration policy of the United States has admitted generous numbers of skilled migrants. There was a steady increase from the 1950s and then notable growth following the acts of 1965 and 1990, including a substantial increase in the 1990s. Today, the foreign born make up one quarter of the workforce in the life and physical sciences, one fifth of information technology, and one sixth of the engineering workforce. Yet, many observers are concerned that the United States restricts the number of skilled immigrants, although it admits roughly 70,000 skilled primary workers yearly on permanent visas and roughly 300,000 on so-called temporary visas. Recent legislation addresses the concerns over numbers, however poorly framed those concerns are in reality, but it is arguable that the concern over numbers is misleading and there should be more focus on improving the admission process to efficiently admit the best foreign workers.
Fuzzy traffic density homogenizer for automated highway system

In this paper, a fuzzy traffic density homogenizer is proposed to alleviate or avoid the congestion by smoothing the traffic density distribution profile over the freeway. The proposed fuzzy traffic density homogenizer consists of two parts which are fuzzy mean speed controller and fuzzy on-ramp controller. The fuzzy mean speed controller is designed to determine the evolution rate of the mean speed in each section to achieve smooth traffic flow and the fuzzy on-ramp controller is designed to determine the maximum allowable on-ramp traffic volume in the sense that the on-ramp traffic flow does not lead to an amplification of the congestion of freeways. >
Aromatase deficiency in male and female siblings caused by a novel mutation and the physiological role of estrogens

The aromatase enzyme complex catalyzes the conversion of androgens to estrogens in a wide variety of tissues, including the ovary, testis, placenta, brain, and adipose tissue. Only a single human gene encoding aromatase P450 (CYP19) has been isolated; tissue-specific regulation is controlled in part by alternative promoters in a tissue-specific manner. We report a novel mutation in the CYP19 gene in a sister and brother. The 28-yr-old XX proband, followed since infancy, exhibited the cardinal features of the aromatase deficiency syndrome as recently defined. She had nonadrenal female pseudohermaphrodism at birth and underwent repair of the external genitalia, including a clitorectomy. At the age of puberty, she developed progressive signs of virilization, pubertal failure with no signs of estrogen action, hypergonadotropic hypogonadism, polycystic ovaries on pelvic sonography, and tall stature. The basal concentrations of plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were elevated, wher...
Aspects of Psychodynamic Neuropsychiatry II: Psychical Locality and Biology—Toward the Neurobiology of Psychotherapy

Throughout his career, Freud believed that psychiatry in general and psychoanalysis in particular would one day be rooted in anatomical/biological ground. He felt confidant that such ground would replace the psychological understanding on which he had been forced to base most of his clinical theory and practice. He felt confidant that one day psychotherapy would be more "scientific." This article seeks to demonstrate that this day is arriving. A clinical case is presented where assessment and formulation are largely based on neurobiology, where treatment was conducted less in accord with psychodynamic theory than neurodynamic data of anatomy and biology.
Gene by Social-Environment Interaction for Youth Delinquency and Violence: Thirty-Nine Aggression-Related Genes

Complex human traits are likely to be affected by many environmental and genetic factors, and the interactions among them. However, previous gene-environment interaction (G×E) studies have typically focused on one or only a few genetic variants at a time. To provide a broader view of G×E, this study examines the relationship between 403 genetic variants from 39 genes and youth delinquency and violence. We find evidence that low social control is associated with greater genetic risk for delinquency and violence and high/moderate social control with smaller genetic risk for delinquency and violence. Our findings are consistent with prior G×E studies based on a small number of genetic variants, and, more importantly, we show that these findings still hold when a large number of genetic variants are considered simultaneously. A key implication of these findings is that the expression of multiple genes related to delinquency depends on the social environment: gene expression is likely to be amplified in low-social-control environments but, tends to be suppressed in high/moderate-social-control environments. This study not only deepens our understanding of how the social environment shapes individual behavior, but also provides important conceptual and methodological insights for future G×E research on complex human traits.
Homosexuality Treated Adventitiously in a Stuttering Therapy Program: A Case Report Presenting a Heterophobic Orientation*

SynopsisThe heterophobic orientation toward treatment of homosexuality is discussed. A case report is presented where homosexuality apparently “spontaneously remitted” and heterosexuality was instated while the patient underwent treatment for stuttering. The change in sexual orientation is interpreted as possibly adventitiously induced through generalization effects from treatment of the relevant phobic aspects of the stuttering problem to the associated social aspects of the sexual problem.
Effect of axial wall modification on the retention of cement-retained, implant-supported crowns.

Statement of problem Compromised angulation of implants may result in abutment preparation that is less than ideal. Compromised abutment preparation may affect the retention of implant-retained crowns. Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 5 implant abutment designs on the retention of cement-retained crowns by varying the number and position of the axial walls. Material and methods Five prefabricated abutments were attached to an implant analog and embedded in an acrylic resin block. The first abutment was left intact without modification. Axial walls were partially removed from the remaining abutments to produce abutments with 3 walls, 2 adjacent walls, 2 opposing walls, and 1 wall. Five crowns were made for each group. The screw access channel for the first abutment was completely filled with composite resin and the rest were partially filled. The retentive surface area of each abutment was calculated. Crowns were cemented with zinc phosphate cement. Tensile force was applied to separate the castings from the abutments. Peak load to dislodgment was recorded. A 1-way ANOVA was used to test for a significant difference followed by the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference test (α=.05). Results The abutment with 2 opposing axial walls had significantly higher retention than that of all other groups (F=149.9, df=24, P Conclusions The retention of cemented crowns on implant abutments is influenced by the number and position of axial walls.
Testing Consequences of Grime Buildup in Object Oriented Design Patterns

Evidence suggests that as software ages the original realizations of design patterns remain in place, and participants in design pattern realizations accumulate "grime" - non-pattern-related code. This research examines the consequences that grime buildup has on the testability of general purpose design patterns. Test cases put in place during the design phase and initial implementation of a project can become ineffective as the system matures. The evolution of a design due to added functionality or defect fixing increases the coupling and dependencies between many classes that must be tested. We show that as systems age, the growth of grime and the appearance of anti-patterns increase testing requirements. Early recognition and removal of grime and anti-patterns can potentially improve system testability.