cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Citizenship and dissent: South Asian Muslim youth in the US after 9/11

This essay focuses on issues of dissent and citizenship for South Asian Muslim immigrant youth after 9/11 as they intersect with questions of youth culture and cultural consumption and are inflected by class and gender. Everyday experiences of national belonging or cultural citizenship for these youth are shaped by US imperial power, and what I call ‘imperial feelings,’ and by the biopolitics of neoliberal capitalism. Based on ethnographic research on a group of working class South Asian immigrants in a US high school, the article explores the expressions of dissenting citizenship of these immigrant youth and their responses to the War on Terror. It discusses the ways in which dissenting citizenship is linked to issues of cultural consumption, cyberculture, and notions of neoliberal citizenship, on the one hand, and the proliferation of gendered notions of dissent and ‘good’ Muslim identity that are marketed and consumed, on the other.
Interictal spike analysis using stochastic point process

Interictal spikes are important indicators of epileptic focus (foci). The spiky events in EEG waveforms recorded from different regions of the brain provide important information about the dynamic transitions of epileptic activity. We extract sequences of spikes, called spike trains, from individual EEG channels and evaluate them using the stochastic cross-correlogram, where the time of occurrence of each spike in a single channel is statistically correlated to the times of occurrences of spikes in other channels. A probability density function (pdf) is constructed which provides a distribution of the time intervals between the appearances of spike train events across a pair of channels. The time interval corresponding to the maximum of the pdf indicates a likelihood of latency between the two spiky events during the specified observation period. The higher the peak value, the stronger the cross-correlation between the two spike trains. We have applied the cross-correlogram analysis to subdural EEC data recorded from multiple electrodes spread over different regions of the brain. We calculated the maximum peak interval of the cross-correlogram between every pair of spike trains to observe the dynamical transitions of the interictal activity in the temporal and spatial domain. Our results show that, by inspecting the dynamic developments of spike events in these domains, a powerful tool is obtained for the diagnosis of epileptic focus (foci)
Cyclodidemniserinol Trisulfate, a Sulfated Serinolipid from the Palauan Ascidian Didemnum guttatum That Inhibits HIV-1 Integrase

[structure--see text] Bioassay-guided fractionation of extracts of the Palauan ascidian Didemnum guttatum led to the isolation of cyclodidemniserinol trisulfate (1) as an inhibitor of HIV-1 integrase, which is an attractive target for anti-retroviral chemotherapy. The structure of cyclodidemniserinol trisulfate (1), the stereochemistry of which was only partially determined, was elucidated by interpretation of NMR and mass spectral data.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in History of Incarceration, Experiences of Victimization, and Associated Health Indicators Among Transgender Women in the U.S.

Limited national data document the prevalence of incarceration among transgender women, experiences of victimization while incarcerated, and associations of transgender status with health. Data were from the National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS), a large convenience sample of transgender adults in the U.S., collected between September 2008 and March 2009. Respondents who indicated a transfeminine gender identity were included in the current study (n = 3,878). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model ever being incarcerated and experiencing victimization while incarcerated as a function of race/ethnicity and health-related indicators. Overall, 19.3% reported having ever been incarcerated. Black and Native American/Alaskan Native transgender women were more likely to report a history of incarceration than White (non-Hispanic) respondents, and those with a history of incarceration were more likely to report negative health-related indicators, including self-reporting as HIV-positive. Among previously incarcerated respondents, 47.0% reported victimization while incarcerated. Black, Latina, and mixed race transgender women were more likely to report experiences of victimization while incarcerated. Transgender women reported disproportionately high rates of incarceration and victimization while incarcerated, as well as associated negative health-related indicators. Interventions and policy changes are needed to support transgender women while incarcerated and upon release.
Study of Carbon Nanotube-Supported Platinum Nanocatalyst Fabricated with Sodium Formate Reducing Agent in Ethylene Glycol Suspension

A simple method to prepare a durable, low platinum-loading catalyst layer for the cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is tested and described. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are functionalized with citric acid and then suspended in ethylene glycol. Here, platinum nanoparticles (~4 nm) are loaded onto the surface of the MWCNTs after hexachloroplatinic acid is reduced by aqueous sodium formate. A peak performance of 813 mW⋅cm−2 was achieved with a total membrane electrode assembly (MEA) platinum catalyst loading of 0.2 mg⋅cm−2 (0.1 mg⋅cm−2 anode/0.1 mg⋅cm−2 cathode), in H2/O2 (ambient pressure), at 80°C, with a Nafion 212 membrane. Peak power density only decreased by 23% after 1500 potentials cycles (ranged from 0.1 to 1.2 V, and vice versa, with a 50 mV/s scan rate, flowing H2/N2 at 80°C). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show the morphology and distribution of the platinum nanoparticles loaded onto the surface of the MWCNTs.
‘Reality must improve’: The perversity of expertise and the belatedness of Indian development television

This essay argues against reducing the recent history of global television to an oversimplified transition between ‘statist’ and ‘consumerist’ dispensations. As apparently irreconcilable ideologies of television, the statist and consumerist models represent two ways of imagining the relation between the deployment of media and the project of modernity. Despite their surface differences, both share a tendency to imagine television in primarily ‘representative’ rather than ‘constitutive’ terms: they both evaluate television according to its ability to represent or address supposedly pre-existing publics, as opposed to its power to help constitute those very publics. I develop the question of the constitutive potential of television by reconsidering a decade of Indian television history – the mid-1970s through the mid-1980s – that is generally dismissed as a transitional phase between statist and consumerist paradigms. Through a discussion that is empirically grounded in the Indian experience, I propose cate...
Thermal and adsorbate effects on the activity and morphology of size-selected Pdn/TiO2 model catalysts

Abstract Model catalysts containing size-selected Pd n (n = 1,2,4,7,10,16,20,25) deposited on rutile TiO 2 (110) deactivate during repeated CO oxidation temperature-programmed reaction (TPR) cycles, and the deactivation process has been probed using a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), low-energy ion scattering (ISS), temperature-dependent ion scattering (TD-ISS), annealing experiments, and temperature-programmed desorption following exposure to CO and O 2 reactants. Results from such experiments suggest the cluster deactivation proceeds via an alloy-like, strong metal-support interaction (SMSI) effect that chemically modifies the clusters via electronic interactions between the supported metal atoms and Ti from the support. Threshold measurements show that this effect detrimentally affects CO-oxidation activity prior to the formation of an encapsulating overlayer by severely weakening the CO Pd bond strengths for binding configurations on top of the clusters. Oxidation appears to provide means of partially restoring the clusters to their initial state, but after sufficient exposure to reducing environments and elevated temperatures, all Pd n become covered by an overlayer and begin to electronically and chemically resemble freshly deposited atoms, which are completely inactive towards the probe reaction. In addition, we find evidence of oxygen spillover induced by co-adsorbed CO during TPRs for all active Pd n clusters.
Audio-visual synchrony for detection of monologues in video archives

In this paper we present our approach to detect monologues in video shots. A monologue shot is defined as a shot containing a talking person in the video channel with the corresponding speech in the audio channel. Whilst motivated by the TREC 2002 video retrieval track (VT02), the underlying approach of synchrony between audio and video signals are also applicable for voice and face-based biometrics, assessing of lip-synchronization quality in movie editing, and for speaker localization in video. Our approach is envisioned as a two part scheme. We first detect occurrence of speech and face in a video shot. In shots containing both speech and a face, we distinguish monologue shots as those shots where the speech and facial movements are synchronized. To measure the synchrony between speech and facial movements we use a mutual-information based measure. Experiments with the VT02 corpus indicate that using synchrony, the average precision improves by more than 50% relative compared to using face and speech information alone. Our synchrony based monologue detector submission had the best average precision performance (in VT02) amongst 18 different submissions.
Chemokine Guidance of Central Memory T Cells Is Critical for Antiviral Recall Responses in Lymph Nodes

Summary A defining feature of vertebrate immunity is the acquisition of immunological memory, which confers enhanced protection against pathogens by mechanisms that are incompletely understood. Here, we compared responses by virus-specific naive T cells (T N ) and central memory T cells (T CM ) to viral antigen challenge in lymph nodes (LNs). In steady-state LNs, both T cell subsets localized in the deep T cell area and interacted similarly with antigen-presenting dendritic cells. However, upon entry of lymph-borne virus, only T CM relocalized rapidly and efficiently toward the outermost LN regions in the medullary, interfollicular, and subcapsular areas where viral infection was initially confined. This rapid peripheralization was coordinated by a cascade of cytokines and chemokines, particularly ligands for T CM -expressed CXCR3. Consequently, in vivo recall responses to viral infection by CXCR3-deficient T CM were markedly compromised, indicating that early antigen detection afforded by intranodal chemokine guidance of T CM is essential for efficient antiviral memory.
Degradation analysis of weathered crystalline-silicon PV modules

We present an analysis of the results of a solar weathering program that found a linear relationship between maximum power degradation and the total UV exposure dose for four different types of commercial crystalline Si modules. The average degradation rate for the four modules types was 0.71 % per year. The analysis showed that losses of short-circuit current were responsible for the maximum power degradation. Judging by the appearance of the nondegraded control modules, it is very doubtful that the short-circuit current losses were caused by encapsulation browning or obscuration. When we compared the quantum efficiency of a single cell in a degraded module to one from an unexposed control module, it appears that most of the degradation has occurred in the 800-1100 nm wavelength region, and not the short wavelength region.
Neutralizing salivary pH by mouthwashes after an acidic challenge

Aim The aim of the present study was to test the neutralizing effect of mouthwashes on salivary pH after an acidic challenge. Methods Twelve participants were recruited for three visits, one morning per week. Resting saliva was collected at baseline and after 2-min swishing with 20 mL orange juice as an acidic challenge. Participants then rinsed their mouth for 30 s with 20 mL water (control), an over-the-counter mouthwash (Listerine), or a two-step mouthwash, randomly assigned for each visit. Saliva was collected immediately, 15, and 45 min after rinsing. The pH values of the collected saliva were measured and analyzed with anova, followed by Student–Newman–Keuls post-hoc test (significance level: 0.05). Results Orange juice significantly lowered salivary pH. Immediately after rinsing, Listerine and water brought pH back to baseline values, with the pH significantly higher in the Listerine group. The two-step mouthwash raised pH significantly higher than Listerine and water, and higher than the baseline value. Salivary pH returned to baseline and was not significantly different among groups at 15 and 45 min post-rinsing. Conclusions Mouth rinsing after an acidic challenge increased salivary pH. The tested mouthwashes raised pH higher than water. Mouthwashes with a neutralizing effect can potentially reduce tooth erosion from acid exposure.
Amphipathic polyproline peptides stimulate cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 transporter

ApoA-I mimetics are short synthetic peptides that contain an amphipathic α-helix and stimulate cholesterol efflux by the ABCA1 transporter in a detergent-like extraction mechanism. We investigated the use of amphipathic peptides with a polypro helix for stimulating cholesterol efflux by ABCA1. Polypro peptides were synthesized with modified prolines, containing either a hydrophobic phenyl group (Prop) or a polar N-acetylgalactosamine (Prog) attached to the pyrrolidine ring and were designated as either PP-2, 3, 4, or 5, depending on the number of 3 amino acid repeat units (Prop-Prog-Prop). Based on molecular modeling, these peptides were predicted to be relatively rigid and to bind to a phospholipid bilayer. By CD spectroscopy, PP peptides formed a Type-II polypro helix in an aqueous solution. PP-2 was inactive in promoting cholesterol efflux, but peptides with more than 2 repeat units were active. PP-4 showed a similar Vmax as a much longer amphipathic α-helical peptide, containing 37 amino acids, but had a Km that was approximately 20-fold lower. PP peptides were specific in that they did not stimulate cholesterol efflux from cells not expressing ABCA1 and were also non-cytotoxic. Addition of PP-3, 4 and 5 to serum promoted the formation of smaller size HDL species (7 nM) and increased its capacity for ABCA1-dependent cholesterol efflux by approximately 20-35% (p < 0.05). Because of their relatively small size and increased potency, amphipathic peptides with a polypro helix may represent an alternative structural motif for the development of apoA-I mimetic peptides.
Critical Role of Intracellular RyR1 Calcium Release Channels in Skeletal Muscle Function and Disease

The skeletal muscle Ca2+ release channel, also known as ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1), is the largest ion channel protein known and is crucial for effective skeletal muscle contractile activation. RyR1 function is controlled by Cav1.1, a voltage gated Ca2+ channel that works mainly as a voltage sensor for RyR1 activity during skeletal muscle contraction and is also fine-tuned by Ca2+, several intracellular compounds (e.g., ATP), and modulatory proteins (e.g., calmodulin). Dominant and recessive mutations in RyR1, as well as acquired channel alterations, are the underlying cause of various skeletal muscle diseases. The aim of this mini review is to summarize several current aspects of RyR1 function, structure, regulation, and to describe the most common diseases caused by hereditary or acquired RyR1 malfunction.
Aeroacoustic measurements for an axial fan in a non-anechoic environment

Determination of the aeroacoustic emission from an axial fan in a non-anechoic environment is a challenging experimental task given ambient noise and acoustic reflections from surrounding objects. Successful strategies to address this task for a representative nine and three blade fan are presented. An array consisting of ten microphones was constructed and placed in the upstream region of the axial fans to measure the fan acoustic signature at ten distinct locations. A novel delay and sum (DS) beamforming technique (that allows precise time delays to be established by the use of cross correlation techniques) was applied to the microphone outputs in order to separate the fans' acoustic emissions from the ambient noise and reflections from the facility walls. A numerical simulation was developed to represent the experimental facility and the measurements. The numerical simulation indicated that the extraneous noise can be satisfactorily separated from the fan noise using the array measurements and post processing the acoustic data with the present DS beamforming technique.
Thromboplastin generation: effect of the Bell-Alton reagent and Russell viper venom on prothrombin consumption.

The Bell-Alton reagent (a chloroform extract of acetone-dehydrated brain tissue), Inosithin (a phospholipid obtained from soybeans), and an extract of hemolyzed erythrocytes each can serve as a platelet substitute in the generation of thromboplastin, and each brings about marked consumption of prothrombin when added to normal native plateletdepleted human plasma. When these agents are added to native hemophilic plasma, no detectable amount of prothrombin consumption occurs, whereas good utilization of prothrombin is found when an aqueous extract of rabbit brain is added. Russell viper venom lacks the ability to cause prothrombin consumption when added to either normal or hemophilic native plasma. When added in conjunction with the Bell-Alton reagent or Inosithin, it appears to act independently rather than synergistically with the platelet substitutes.
Rhodopsin molecular contrast imaging by optical coherence tomography for functional assessment of photoreceptors(Conference Presentation)

Rhodopsin, the light-sensing molecule in the outer segments of rod photoreceptors, is responsible for converting light into neuronal signals in a process known as phototransduction. Rhodopsin is thus a functional biomarker for rod photoreceptors. We developed a novel technology based on visible-light optical coherence tomography (VIS-OCT) for in vivo molecular imaging of rhodopsin. The depth resolution of OCT allows the visualization of the location where the change of optical absorption occurs and provides a potentially accurate assessment of rhodopsin content by segmentation of the image at the location. A broadband supercontinuum laser, whose filtered output was centered at 520 nm, was used as the illuminating light source. To test the capabilities of the system on rhodopsin mapping we imaged the retina of albino rats. The rats were dark adapted before imaging. An integrated near infrared OCT was used to guide the alignment in dark. VIS-OCT three-dimensional images were then acquired under dark- and light- adapted states sequentially. Rhodopsin distribution was calculated from the differential image. The rhodopsin distributions can be displayed in both en face view and depth-resolved cross-sectional image. Rhodopsin OCT can be used to quantitatively image rhodopsin distribution and thus assess the distribution of functional rod photoreceptors in the retina. Rhodopsin OCT can bring significant impact into ophthalmic clinics by providing a tool for the diagnosis and severity assessment of a variety of retinal conditions.
Myelodysplastic syndrome after autologous bone marrow transplantation: an additional late complication of curative cancer therapy.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a complication of conventional antineoplastic therapy but has rarely been reported after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT). We reviewed records of 206 patients who underwent ABMT for lymphoma at the University of Minnesota (Minneapolis, MN) between 1974 and 1993. Of 206 patients who underwent ABMT for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) or Hodgkin's disease (HD), 9 patients developed an MDS or secondary acute leukemia between 5 and 60 months (median 34 months) post-BMT. Two patients had relapsed after transplant and received additional therapy before the diagnosis of MDS. They were censored from the statistical analysis, resulting in a cumulative incidence of 14.5% +/- 11.6% (95% confidence interval) at 5 years. Three patients (15.2% +/- 18.0%) had HD, and four (14.0% +/- 14.7%) had NHL. In vitro BM purging had no affect on the incidence of MDS, although patients receiving peripheral blood stem cells had a projected MDS incidence of 31% +/- 33% versus 10.5% +/- 12% if BM cells were used (p = .0035). The patients had received a median of 14 cycles (range, 6 to 40) of chemotherapy before autologous transplantation; Five of nine patients received radiation therapy before BMT conditioning, and all patients received radiation before the diagnosis of MDS. No BM cytogenetic abnormalities were evident pretransplant in three of three patients studied, and all nine had normal pretransplant BM morphology. All patients had morphologic BM findings typical of MDS, and six of six studied had clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. At the diagnosis of MDS, all nine patients were without clinical, radiographic, or autopsy evidence of recurrent lymphoma; Three of the nine patients have died from complications of cytopenias at 23, 36, and 45 months after transplant (3 to 10 months after the diagnosis of MDS), whereas 6 survive 8 to 63 months after transplantation (1 to 34 months post-MDS). These data emphasize the cumulative leukemogenic potential of standard and salvage radiation and chemotherapy regimens and highlight treatment-induced MDS as an important and frequent late complication of potentially curative BM transplant therapy.
A Very Good Act for an Unimportant Place

A black bear named Bedelia teeters on a tricycle. Baboons balance on bicycles. Romping poodles drive chariots and sulky carts as they loop around a temporary ring framed by an ornate proscenium arch. A mock fight between fox terriers and baboons follows various tightrope tricks. An anteater from Brazil does nothing; its physical peculiarities render stunt work unnecessary for the animal to entertain. These were some of the offerings of Apdale’s Zoological Circus, a top-of-the-line animal act that worked the big-time vaudeville circuit for over a decade, including a stint at New York City’s illustrious Palace Theatre. Sometimes billed simply as ‘Apdale’s Animals’, theatre managers admired the performance as ‘a very superior children’s act’ (Keith/Albee Collection [hereafter KAC], 1910, p. 106) and were impressed that despite the fact James Apdale did not brandish a whip on stage, the highly trained mammals seemed to perform ‘without the least urging’ (KAC, 1912, p. 219). Enthusiasm for Bedelia the black bear changed, however, when she sauntered into the glittering afternoon sun of Brooklyn’s Coney Island on Sunday, June 23, 1912. At about 4 p.m., Bedelia escaped her restraints, walked out the stage entrance of the New Brighton Theatre, and began meandering through the alarmed crowd. She looked ‘forbiddingly ferocious’ and ‘uttered strange, gruff noises’ (New York Times, 1912, p. 20).
The effects of an early motor skill intervention on motor skills, levels of physical activity, and socialization in young children with autism spectrum disorder: A pilot study

Despite evidence suggesting one of the earliest indicators of an eventual autism spectrum disorder diagnoses is an early motor delay, there remain very few interventions targeting motor behavior as the primary outcome for young children with autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this pilot study was to measure the efficacy of an intensive motor skill intervention on motor skills (Test of Gross Motor Development-2), physical activity (accelerometers), and socialization (Playground Observation of Peer Engagement) in young children with autism spectrum disorder. A total of 20 children with autism spectrum disorder aged 4–6 years participated. The experimental group (n = 11) participated in an 8-week intervention consisting of motor skill instruction for 4 h/day, 5 days/week. The control group (n = 9) did not receive the intervention. A repeated-measures analysis of covariance revealed statistically significant differences between groups in all three motor outcomes, locomotor (F(1, 14) = 10.07, p < 0.001, part...
Anesthesia and Sedation for Interventional Pain Procedures

Chronic pain patients requiring anesthetic care for interventional pain procedures provide unique challenges to the anesthesiologists. This patient population often presents with significant psychiatric comorbidities and complex polypharmacy. Concurrent anxiety, hyperalgesia, and claustrophobia can make anesthetic management of these patients difficult. Interventional pain procedures often require patient awareness and feedback for specific aspects of the procedure to avoid serious complications. Inappropriate or mis-timed sedation can increase the risk of procedural complications. Therefore, anesthesiologists must be intimately familiar with the critical portions and potential pitfalls of each planned procedure. This chapter focuses on preoperative evaluation and optimization, important intraoperative events, and potential complications for a wide range of interventional pain procedures.
Tertiary Epimutations - A Novel Aspect of Epigenetic Transgenerational Inheritance Promoting Genome Instability.

Exposure to environmental factors can induce the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease. Alterations to the epigenome termed “epimutations” include “primary epimutations” which are epigenetic alterations in the absence of genetic change and “secondary epimutations” which form following an initial genetic change. To determine if secondary epimutations contribute to transgenerational transmission of disease following in utero exposure to the endocrine disruptor vinclozolin, we exposed pregnant female rats carrying the lacI mutation-reporter transgene to vinclozolin and assessed the frequency of mutations in kidney tissue and sperm recovered from F1 and F3 generation progeny. Our results confirm that vinclozolin induces primary epimutations rather than secondary epimutations, but also suggest that some primary epimutations can predispose a subsequent accelerated accumulation of genetic mutations in F3 generation descendants that have the potential to contribute to transgenerational phenotypes. We therefore propose the existence of “tertiary epimutations” which are initial primary epimutations that promote genome instability leading to an accelerated accumulation of genetic mutations.
Prevalence and correlates of condom use among sexually active men who have sex with men in the United States: findings from the National Survey of Family Growth, 2002, 2006-10 and 2011-13.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately at risk of contracting HIV and other sexually transmissible infections (STIs). Correct and consistent condom use is the most effective method to prevent HIV and other STIs among sexually active MSM. Methods: Using data from the 2002, 2006–10, 2011–13 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG), the overall prevalence of condom use at last sex and by sexual risk behaviours (sex with ≥2 same-sex partners, sex with ≥2 opposite sex partners, sex with a person who injects drugs, sex with an HIV-positive person and exchanged sex for money or drugs) among sexually active MSM (reported oral or anal sex with a male in the preceding 12 months) was estimated. The association between condom use at last sex and demographic and sexual behaviour variables was also evaluated. Results: Approximately 31% of all respondents (n = 618; weighted n = 1 596 702) reported condom use at last sex. Among MSM who reported ≥1 sexual risk behaviour in the past year, prevalence of condom use at last sex ranged from 30 to 38%. After adjusting for covariates, Hispanic MSM [adjusted prevalence ratio (APR) = 1.81, 95%CI = 1.27–2.58] were more likely than White MSM to report condom use at last sex; MSM with a recently diagnosed STI (APR = 1.71, 95%CI = 1.04–2.80) were more likely than MSM without a recently diagnosed STI to report condom use at last sex; and married or cohabitating MSM (APR = 0.29, 95%CI = 0.13–0.66) were less likely than unmarried and not cohabitating MSM to report condom use at last sex. There was no difference in temporal trends in condom use at last sex across the three NSFG cycles [2002 (33.8%); 2006–10 (25.6%); 2011–13 (40.6%), P = 0.926]. Conclusions: This study data suggest that prevalence of condom use among MSM is low, even among MSM who report sexual risk behaviours. The continued promotion of consistent condom use as an effective primary HIV/STI risk-reduction strategy is important because it mitigates HIV and STI risk and also complements the effectiveness of newer HIV prevention approaches such as pre-exposure prophylaxis.
Semiconductor manufacturing simulation design and analysis with limited data: IE: Industrial engineering

This paper discusses simulation design and analysis for Silicon Carbide (SiC) manufacturing operations management at New York Power Electronics Manufacturing Consortium (PEMC) facility. Prior work has addressed the development of manufacturing system simulation as the decision support to solve the strategic equipment portfolio selection problem for the SiC fab design [1]. As we move into the phase of collecting data from the equipment purchased for the PEMC facility, we discuss how to redesign our manufacturing simulations and analyze their outputs to overcome the challenges that naturally arise in the presence of limited fab data. We conclude with insights on how an approach aimed to reflect learning from data can enable our discrete-event stochastic simulation to accurately estimate the performance measures for SiC manufacturing at the PEMC facility.
Note on bias from averaging repeated measurements in heritability studies.

Ge et al. (1) consider the extension of Fisher’s classic model for heritability to the case where there are repeated measurements on subjects. One approach to analyzing repeated measurements is to average observations. The authors show empirically and via simulations that estimates of heritability derived from averaging repeated measurements lead to underestimates of heritability. Some may find the bias revealed by Ge et al. (1) to be surprising because averaging is commonly justified in other settings such as repeated measures ANOVA. In this letter we detail the bias that arises from conflating measurement error and unique environmental variance. This elucidates the authors’ empirical findings, which represent a case with large measurement error exacerbated by only two measurements per subject. Consider the model for additive genetic, common environmental, and unique environmental components. We use the mixed-model formulation as … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: brisk{at}emory.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Successful Treatment of Palmoplantar Psoriasis Using Combination Acitretin and Apremilast: A Case Report:

Palmoplantar psoriasis is a chronic disabling condition characterized by erythematous scaly plaques of the palms and soles, often with associated pain, erythema, and fissuring. It is thought to occ...
Verrucomicrobia are prevalent in north-temperate freshwater lakes and display class-level preferences between lake habitats.

The bacterial phylum Verrucomicrobia was formally described two decades ago and originally believed to be a minor member of many ecosystems; however, it is now recognized as ubiquitous and abundant in both soil and aquatic systems. Nevertheless, knowledge of the drivers of its relative abundance and within-phylum habitat preferences remains sparse, especially in lake systems. Here, we documented the distribution of Verrucomicrobia in 12 inland lakes in Southeastern Michigan, a Laurentian Great Lake (Lake Michigan), and a freshwater estuary, which span a gradient in lake sizes, depths, residence times, and trophic states. A wide range of physical and geochemical parameters was covered by sampling seasonally from the surface and bottom of each lake, and by separating samples into particle-associated and free-living fractions. On average, Verrucomicrobia was the 4th most abundant phylum (range 1.7–41.7%). Fraction, season, station, and depth explained up to 70% of the variance in Verrucomicrobia community composition and preference for these habitats was phylogenetically conserved at the class-level. When relative abundance was linearly modeled against environmental data, Verrucomicrobia and non-Verrucomicrobia bacterial community composition correlated to similar quantitative environmental parameters, although there were lake system-dependent differences and > 55% of the variance remained unexplained. A majority of the phylum exhibited preference for the particle-associated fraction and two classes (Opitutae and Verrucomicrobiae) were identified to be more abundant during the spring season. This study highlights the high relative abundance of Verrucomicrobia in north temperate lake systems and expands insights into drivers of within-phylum habitat preferences of the Verrucomicrobia.
Nonprofit Governance: The Basics

Many nonprofit organizations are governed by boards of directors comprised of individuals who often have been invited to join the board based on their contributions of time and money. For many, this is either their first board membership or yet another conducted within an environment lacking the experience and structure of board governance typically found in a publicly-traded corporation. Accordingly, governance of many nonprofit enterprises presents both similarities and differences from the governance of a for-profit entity. How is nonprofit governance different from that conducted in for-profit organizations? How do you build the best board for your nonprofit? What attributes and skills are required by law and what mix of experiences and talents will give you the best result? What are the commonly required director attributes that are a must for each board and how do you customize and fine-tune your efforts to achieve a high-performance board? Optimal board composition; achieving the best mix of director skills and experience, will depend on many enterprise-specific variables. Some of the most important of these for nonprofits include, but are not limited to: (1) enterprise lifecycle stage, (2) extent to which certain experiences and skills are mission critical (detailed understanding of target culture, mission, stakeholder composition, and risk; (3) unique technology dependence (social media); and (4) the need for capacity expansion (fundraising). Our goal in writing this paper is to provide: answers to these basic questions; a roadmap for the nonprofit enterprise faced with recruiting a board; a matrix methodology that every nominating committee and board can employ to systematically inventory their people assets, strengths and weaknesses, define their needs, explore their options; and provoke radical thinking about how any enterprise-specific system of governance may be improved by questioning existing fundamental assumptions. Our article proceeds in six parts. First, we offer a few thoughts about nonprofits, their various missions and common challenges. Second, we discuss why good governance is important in a nonprofit setting and highlight examples of frauds that have been reported due to the absence of good governance. Third, we present a look at Internal Revenue Service (IRS) requirements imposed on nonprofits. Fourth, we explore the law of nonprofit corporate governance applicable to all directors serving on the board of a nonprofit. Fifth, we discuss board composition and committee structure. Sixth, we present a process that involves an inventory of current board strengths and weaknesses and then offer some thoughts about use of a matrix template to assist in discovering necessary board skills and experiences of board candidates. And last, we conclude.
Beanbag Genetics and After

This Session of the Haldane Centenary Conference on Human Genetics is devoted to evolutionary population genetics. This is more than appropriate, recalling Haldane’s outstanding contributions to the evolutionary population genetics field. Indeed, many have claimed that his most substantial contribution in all of science, both in genetics and elsewhere, is his theoretical evolutionary work: for example, Crow (1992) in his “Centennial: J.B.S. Haldane”, claims that Haldane’s best-known work is his mathematical theory of evolution, as given in his sequence of papers in the 1920’s on that subject. This lecture is designed to be provocative and I will later dispute this claim, and further be critical of several key aspects of Haldane’s evolutionary genetics activities.
Gas-Surface Interactions Stimulated by Laser Radiation: Bases and Applications

Lasers have been extensively used in recent years to induce or enhance chemical interactions at gas-solid interfaces. The rapid expansion of the field which can be generally referred as laser-induced gas-surface chemistry is driven by both the basic scientific interest and the potential technological applications in material processing and fabrication of new materials. In the basic area, there are fundamental questions concerning energy transformation from photons into chemical energies, the kinetics and dynamic processes involving energy acquisition, storage and decay that need to be understood. Because of their brightness and narrow bandwidths, and because they can be generated as ultrashort pulses, laser beams are particularly suitable for such studies. For instance, a small set of atoms or molecules can be selectively excited by a short light pulse and the dynamic interactions between the excited species and surface atoms including the change and redistribution of the translational and internal energies of the system can be followed by the time-resolved optical spectroscopy or mass spectrometry. The utilization of lasers in conjunction with other surface analytical methods has led to tremendous progress in our understanding of surface structures and dynamics. In the applied area, related in particular to material processing, the laser photochemical techniques have shown great promises in producing well-defined microstructures for electronic devices. Other potential applications such as photocatalytic reactions and energy conversions will undoubtedly be further developed in the future. These basic and applied aspects of the laser surface chemistry have been a subject of a few reviews appeared recently /1–3/. Here, a brief review is presented on the important surface processes stimulated by laser radiation, with particular emphases on recent studies on laser-stimulated desorption, photochemical etching, photodeposition and molecular dynamics on surfaces. For more general considerations and thorough discussions, one should refer to prior reviews /1–3/.
Demand for risky foods and food safety

A demand for risky food model is constructed to study several aspects of food safety problems. On the basis of this proposed model, results are addressed in the following. First, when the food safety is exogenously fixed, an increase in the safety level of the risky food X[subscript]1 increases the demand for X[subscript]1 if X[subscript]1 is normal. However, when both goods are risky, a rise in the safety level of one good generally has an ambiguous effect on the demands. For the case where the safety level is endogenously chosen, the consumer will in general accept some risks and perfect safety is not optimal. Second, in the absence of a market place for the food safety, measures of the marginal willingness to pay for the safety improvement and the risky food are derived. Although the signs of the comparative static analysis of the marginal willingness to pay for safety and the risky food are ambiguous, the conditions which result in a deterministic sign in a comparative static study are clearly shown and discussed. The discussion of these conditions could shed more insight for understanding the signs of estimated coefficients in empirical studies. For instance, the common hypothesis of the increasing marginal willingness to pay for safety with respect to income should be contingent on the assumptions that consumers reveal hazard aversion and income risk aversion for two independent hazards. Third, given full information about the safety content, competitive markets would yield the optimal levels of quality (safety) and quantity. This result implies that there is no need for the government to intervene when competitive markets prevail and information on the safety content of food is fully provided. The role of government in this case may be limited to the verification of safety information being accurately provided. However, when the safety information is perceived with uncertainty, the competitive market would not likely produce the socially desirable levels of either safety or quantity.
Photoreceptor pigment for blue light responses in Neurospora crassa

Abstract Irradiating the mycelium of Neurospora crassa with blue light causes the photoreduction of a b -type cytochrome. The action spectrum for the photoreduction of the cytochrome b is similar to action spectra for the photoactivation of carotene synthesis and photoinhibition of the circadian rhythm of conidiation in Neurospora .
‘Kim Davis be like … ’: a feminist critique of gender humor in online political memes

In this era of participatory and social media, memes have become a user-generated form of political discussion. The online conversation surrounding Kentucky county clerk Kim Davis who was jailed fo...
Cancer drugs and the glomerulus

Several chemotherapeutics including novel immunotherapies and targeted therapies have recently been approved for the treatment of various cancers. Several nephrotoxicities secondary to treatment wi...
Streamlining Acquisition Workflows Through Collaboration and Innovation

As a selector, have you ever wondered if the resource you requested was ordered? As an acquisitions staff member, are you struggling with keeping track of your order requests from various channels?...
Left-Wing SPA-Led and CPUSA-Led Unions and Worker Organizations as the Vanguard of U.S. Social Democracy’s Left-Wing, Circa 1935 to 1950:

During the golden era of world trade unionism (circa 1945 to 1980) the trade union movement’s political arm, the workers’ parties (Labor, Social Democratic, and Communist) were at their peak streng...
Study protocol for the targeting effective analgesia in clinics for HIV (TEACH) study – a cluster randomized controlled trial and parallel cohort to increase guideline concordant care for long-term opioid therapy among people living with HIV

Background: People living with HIV (PLWH) frequently experience chronic pain and receive long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). Adherence to opioid prescribing guidelines among their providers is subopti...
Estonian soldiers and the others in World War One: imagining and encountering friends and foes

ABSTRACTDuring World War I, around 80,000 Estonian soldiers were mobilized into the Russian Army. The warfare and the composition of the Russian Army presented the Estonians with plentiful opportun...
Common Acute Illness

Sepsis is a serious universal health problem that if left untreated will lead to high morbidity and mortality. Older adults have a high susceptibility to developing sepsis in part related to the natural consequence of immunosenescence. The two most common causes of sepsis in the older adults are pneumonia and urinary tract infections (UTIs). Multiple medical problems further add to the severity of sepsis and subsequent organ dysfunction. It is important to recognize that older adults present atypically when infected which could lead to delays in early medical management. These symptoms include generalized body weakness, anorexia, and confusion. The cornerstone of successful management of sepsis requires early intervention with source identification, pathogen speciation, risk factor modification, and appropriate antimicrobial therapy administration.
Computer and network security

The field of computer security has matured to the extent that lots of people have heard about it, lots of people have become practitioners, lots of organizations have sprung up, lots of new books are available, certifications are available, laws are being written, people are being prosecuted and the federal government is interested. Unfortunately, it is still a black hole to most people and the main source of information is the media industry where each guy is trying to get more attention than the other guy is getting. In the real world, computer and network security is just one more thing that has to be managed. It needs to be understood. It requires resources like time, money and expertise.
Sabine, Mark. José Saramago: History, Utopia, and the Necessity of Error. Legenda, 2016

Beyond reasserting the author’s continuing commitment to a revolutionary socialist worldview, Sabine demonstrates through the detailed analysis of each of the five Saramago novels in question—Levantado do chao; Memorial do convento; O ano da morte de Ricardo Reis; A jangada de pedra; and Historia do cerco de Lisboa—the revisions that such a commitment entails in the face of the increasingly equivocal (and enabling) authoritarian forces of neo-liberalism and globalization that exclude subaltern voices.
Cognitive Mapping Without Vision: Comparing Wayfinding Performance After Learning From Digital Touchscreen-Based Multimodal Maps vs. Embossed Tactile Overlays.

This paper starts by discussing the state of the art in accessible interactive maps for use by blind and visually impaired (BVI) people. It then describes a behavioral experiment investigating the efficacy of a new type of low-cost, touchscreen-based multimodal interface, called a vibro-audio map (VAM), for supporting environmental learning, cognitive map development, and wayfinding behavior on the basis of nonvisual sensing. In the study, eight BVI participants learned two floor maps of university buildings, using either the VAM or an information-matched hardcopy tactile map overlaid on the touchscreen. They were asked to freely explore each map, with the task of learning the entire layout and finding three hidden target locations. After meeting a learning criterion, participants performed an environmental transfer test, where they were brought to the corresponding physical layout and were asked to plan/navigate routes between learned target locations from memory, i.e. without access to the map used at learning. Results using new Bayesian analyses aimed at assessing equivalence showed highly similar target localization accuracy and route efficiency performance between conditions, suggesting that the VAM supports the same level of environmental learning, cognitive map development, and wayfinding performance as is possible from interactive displays using traditional tactile map overlays. These results demonstrate the efficacy of the VAM for supporting complex spatial tasks without vision using a commercially available, low-cost interface and open the door to a new era of mobile interactive maps for spatial learning and wayfinding by BVI navigators.
TISSUE-SPECIFIC EXPRESSION OF H-2 IMMUNOGENICITY,

Publisher Summary H-2 antigens can be expressed on cell membranes in both an antigenic and immunogenic form. The chapter presents the data to show that in normal tissues, the associations in which the H-2 products are found, whether antigenic or immunogenic, are tissue-specific. Three tests for immunogenicity have been used over the years; the accelerated allograft test, the induction of H-2 antibody, and the elicitation of H-2 antibody in an already sensitized mouse. The membranes of lymphoid cells, spleen, thymus, and some lymphoblasts are both antigenic and immunogenic. In tissues such as liver and kidney, the H-2 antigens are present in a nonimmunogenic form. Mouse erythrocytes also have H-2 antigens expressed on their surface membranes, in an antigenic but nonimmunogenic form. The chapter reviews that studies of the associations of the H-2 antigens in the membranes of various mouse tissues are being carried out at present to determine if the immunogenicity factor is in fact the Ia antigens.