cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Switch in Integrin Expression Accompanies Differentiation of F9 Cells Treated With Retinoic Acid

F9 embryonal carcinoma cells resemble epithelial cells when in monolayer culture. After treatment with retinoic acid these cells differentiate into fibroblastic-like cells in a sequence that has been modeled as the mammalian equivalent of the differentiation from stem cells of the inner cell mass to parietal endoderm. This study examined the changes in integrin subtypes that accompany retinoic acid-induced differentiation of F9 cells. Although several integrins were found to be present on the surface of F9 cells and retinoic acid-induced (RA) cells, the two dominant integrins were alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 5 beta 1. Differentiation of F9 cells resulted in about 10- to 25-fold increase in the amount of alpha 3 beta 1 integrin protein as measured by immunoprecipitation of cell surface labeled material. There was a corresponding several-fold reduction of alpha 5 beta 1 protein. The concentration of alpha 3 mRNA was about the same in F9 and RA cells while the concentration of alpha 5 mRNA dropped several-fold after retinoic acid treatment. Thus alpha 3 regulation appeared to be largely posttranscriptional while the drop in alpha 5 protein may have been a result of transcriptional down-regulation. Quantitative measurement of adhesion suggested that most of the F9 and RA cell-substrate adhesion to fibronectin or laminin is mediated by these integrins. They are the dominant integrins present, and antibodies to either these integrins or to the substrate blocked the adhesion. Despite the large switch in integrin subtype protein expression there was little difference between the two cell types in initial cell interactions when adhesive affinities were measured quantitatively. Also there was no difference between the two phenotypes in rate of initial adhesive strengthening. The phenotypic difference was first observed with later events in the attachment and spreading of the RA-treated cells to the substrate. These results show that retinoic acid treatment alters the amounts of alpha 5 and alpha 3 integrin subunits during the F9 to RA phenotypic switch. The data show that these integrins are important in the cell-substrate adhesion to fibronectin and laminin. They show, however, that the phenotypic changes observed with differentiation are not associated with the initial preferential adhesions to the substrate, but rather with consequences that alter the cytoskeletal architecture of the cell.
Household Demand for Improved Solid Waste Management: A Case Study of Gujranwala, Pakistan

Summary. - Solid waste management in most cities of the developing world is unsatisfactory despite consuming a relatively high proportion of municipal budgets. Most attempts at improving performance have focused on supply-side issues such as collection and disposal capacity but have not yielded significant results. This paper suggests a different approach based on integrating demand-side information into the planning process. The analysis calls into question conventional presumptions that households accord low priority to solid waste management compared to other urban services and are unwilling to pay fqr it. It also indicates that simple and inexpensive household surveys can provide valuable inputs into the planning process. Copyright Q 1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
EvoDevo as Cognitive Psychology

The editor-in-chief of Biological Theory invited me to submit a short paper on the theoretical intersections between evolutionary developmental biology, on the one hand, and behavior and cognition on the other. My first reaction was that I had not thought about such a topic in years. But he had planted the seed (or tweaked the engram) of that relationship. I gradually came to realize that my recent research in the history of evolutionary developmental biology (now called EvoDevo) has produced results that blend in an intriguing way with the research program that began my scholarly career, the history of mid-20 th century experimental psychology, and especially the debates between behaviorist and cognitive psychological theories. The modest insight I will offer here does not concern the current relations between the sciences of biology and psychology, but how we perceive their histories. I will first describe how I came to study the history of EvoDevo and then report on how recent results have taken me back to the beginning. My early study of psychological debates was centered on the correspondences between substantive psychological theories (behaviorist versus cognitivist) and the scientific methodologies with which they were pursued. Behaviorism was allied with a kind of positivist, operationalist, or phenomenalistmethodologicalapproach,andcognitivismwithmethodological realism. Each theory/methodology pair was internally
Mechanical energy oscillations of two brachiation gaits: measurement and simulation.

How do arm-swinging apes locomote ef- fectively over a variety of speeds? One way to reduce the metabolic energy cost of locomotion is to transfer energy between reversible mechanical modes. In terrestrial ani- mals, at least two transfer mechanisms have been identi- fied: 1) a pendulum-like mechanism for walking, with exchange between gravitational potential energy and translational kinetic energy, and 2) a spring-like mecha- nism for running, where the elastic strain energy of stretched muscle and tendon is largely returned to reac- celerate the animal. At slower speeds, a brachiator will always have at least one limb in contact with the support, similar to the overlap of foot contact in bipedal walking. At faster speeds, brachiators exhibit an aerial phase, similar to that seen in bipedal running. Are there two distinct brachiation gaits even though the animal appears to sim- ply swing beneath its overhead support? If so, are differ- ent exchange mechanisms employed? Our kinetic analysis of brachiation in a white-handed gibbon (Hylobates lar) indicates that brachiation is indeed comprised of two me- chanically distinct gaits. At slower speeds in "continuous contact" brachiation, the gibbon utilizes a simple pendu- lum-like transfer of mechanical energy within each stride. At faster speeds in "ricochetal" brachiation, translational and rotational kinetic energy are exchanged in a novel "whip-like" transfer. We propose that brachiators utilize the transfer between translational and rotational kinetic energy to control the dynamics of their swing. This ma- neuver may allow muscle action at the shoulder to control the transfer and adjust the ballistic portion of the step to meet the requirements for the next hand contact.Am J Phys Anthropol 115:319 -326, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pericoronal ostectomy: an alternative surgical technique for management of mandibular third molars in close proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve.

Purpose Close proximity of the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) to mandibular third molars (MTMs) may result in nerve injury during the extraction of third molars. Alternative surgical techniques, such as coronectomy, have been suggested to decrease this risk. This study examined a new alternative technique, the pericoronal ostectomy (PO), that is intended to decrease IAN injury in high-risk cases. Patients and Methods This prospective clinical cohort study consisted of 14 patients with 17 MTMs in close relation to the IAN. All patients were subjected to 2- and 3-dimensional preoperative radiographic evaluations. Selected patients with mesioangular and vertical bone impactions were treated by the staged PO technique. An institutional review board approval from the University of the Pacific was given to this study. Results Because of the PO procedure, all 17 high-risk MTMs in the study erupted to a more occlusal position away from the danger zone of the IAN and were eventually removed (mean distance of eruption, 2.0 mm). Three patients reported a transient neurosensory deficit, 2 with the IAN and 1 with a lingual nerve. All 3 had a full resolution of symptoms within 3 months of the postoperative period. Conclusion The PO technique appears to be an additional viable alternative technique to extraction of MTMs in intimate proximity to the IAN.
Psychopathologies narcissiques et psychothérapie focalisée sur le transfert (PFT)

Les auteurs presentent un apercu de l’eventail des interpretations psychanalytiques de la pathologie narcissique, en mettant l’accent sur le modele et le systeme de classification decrits par Kernberg (1984). Ils abordent la maniere dont le clivage des dyades relationnelles objectales favorise une importante pathologie, tant du developpement que du fonctionnement du surmoi et de l’etablissement defensif d’un faux soi grandiose. Ces trois points sont au coeur des pathologies du narcissisme. Les auteurs passent en revue les modifications psychotherapiques susceptibles d’aider les cliniciens a soigner efficacement les patients souffrant d’une pathologie du narcissisme. Ils presentent les distinctions entre les divers niveaux de narcissisme qui influencent a la fois l’approche therapeutique et le pronostic.
La2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 Glasses for High-Power, Yb3+-Doped, 980-nm Fiber Lasers

Single-mode semiconductor pumps have failed to keep pace with the increasing power requirements of Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), so there is a need for high-powered 980-nm sources. Yb 3+ -doped tapered fiber lasers can provide high-power output by conversion of a low-brightness, high-powered, 920-nm, multimode broad stripe laser diode to a high-brightness, 980-nm, single-mode output. The tapered fiber laser requires a fiber with high numerical aperture (NA) (>0.4), a rectangular core, and good Yb 3+ spectroscopy for efficient operation. CVD-based fiber fabrication methods are incapable of delivering fibers with an NA > ∼0.3 or with good efficiency at 980 nm so a new method of high-NA fiber fabrication was developed. The core glass composition is critical for maintaining a high-NA fiber with good power extraction while avoiding phase separation, loss, and clustering. The SiO 2 level controlled the NA and interdiffusion between core and clad, while the Al 2 O 3 /La 2 O 3 ratio controlled phase separation. A La 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 glass was developed that is compatible with a pure SiO 2 cladding glass and has a laser slope efficiency of 70% at 980 nm. The optimized fiber composition yielded 450 mW of 980-nm power in a single-mode fiber.
XPM-induced spectral distortion in high efficiency, picosecond, fiber optical parametric oscillators

We describe a 230nm tunable fiber optical parametric oscillator (FOPO) using an 8ps pump laser. The FOPO generates 2–4ps pulses with conversion efficiency as high as 20%. The output spectrum exhibits power and synchronization-dependent broadening.
Conceptual Change Strategies and Cooperative Group Work in Chemistry.

This study conducted at a suburban community college tested a method of conceptual change in which treatment students worked in small cooperative groups on tasks aimed at eliciting their misconceptions so that they could then be discussed in contrast to the scientific conceptions that had been taught in direct instruction. Categorizations of student understanding of the target concepts of the laws of conservation of matter and energy and aspects of the particulate nature of gases, liquids, and solids were ascertained by pre- and posttesting. Audiotapes of student verbal interaction in the small groups provided quantitative and qualitative data concerning student engagement in behaviors suggestive of the conditions posited to be part of the conceptual change process (Posner, Strike, Hewson & Gertzog, 1982). Chi-square analysis of posttests indicated that students in treatment groups had significantly lower (p < 0.05) proportion of misconceptions than control students on four of the five target concepts. Students who exhibited no change in concept state had a higher frequency of verbal behaviors suggestive of “impeding” conceptual change when compared to students who did change. Three factors emerged from qualitative analysis of group interaction that appeared to influence learning: (a) many students had flawed understanding of concepts that supported the target concepts; (b) student views towards learning science affected their engagement in assigned tasks, (c) “good” and “poor” group leaders had a strong influence on group success.
An application of a Hill‐based response surface model for a drug combination experiment on lung cancer

Combination chemotherapy with multiple drugs has been widely applied to cancer treatment owing to enhanced efficacy and reduced drug resistance. For drug combination experiment analysis, response surface modeling has been commonly adopted. In this paper, we introduce a Hill-based global response surface model and provide an application of the model to a 512-run drug combination experiment with three chemicals, namely AG490, U0126, and indirubin-3 ′ -monoxime (I-3-M), on lung cancer cells. The results demonstrate generally improved goodness of fit of our model from the traditional polynomial model, as well as the original Hill model on the basis of fixed-ratio drug combinations. We identify different dose–effect patterns between normal and cancer cells on the basis of our model, which indicates the potential effectiveness of the drug combination in cancer treatment. Meanwhile, drug interactions are analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The distinct interaction patterns between U0126 and I-3-M on two types of cells uncovered by the model could be a further indicator of the efficacy of the drug combination. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cellular automata models of ring dynamics

This paper describes three models arising from the theory of excitable media, whose primary visual feature are expanding rings of excitation. Rigorous mathematical results and experimental/computational issues are both addressed. We start with the much-studied Greenberg–Hastings model (GHM) in which the rings are very short-lived, but they do have a transient percolation property. By contrast, in the model we call annihilating nested rings (ANR), excitation centers only gradually lose strength, i.e., each time they become inactive (and then stay so forever) with a fixed probability; we show how the long-term global connectivity properties of the set of excited sites undergo a phase transition. Second part of the paper is devoted to digital boiling (DB) in which new rings spontaneously appear at rested sites with a positive probability. We focus on such (related) issues as convergence to equilibrium, equilibrium excitation level and success of the basic coupling.
The target tissue of limb-bud polarizing activity in the induction of supernumerary structures.

SUMMARY When polarizing mesoderm from the posterior border of the 4-day chick limb bud is placed adjacent to anterior limb mesoderm and ectodermal ridge, the anterior ridge thickens and mesodermal outgrowth ensues, resulting in supernumerary limb structures. This apposition of anterior and posterior limb tissues can be accomplished by cutting off the apical one third of the limb bud and reimplanting it on the stump with its anteroposterior axis reversed. The preaxial response to polarizing activity can be obtained after only 12-18 h in the reoriented position. Reversed apical mesoderm develops supernumerary digits when combined with untreated ectoderm. The reciprocal combination, reversed ectoderm and untreated mesoderm, fails to develop supernumerary structures. We have interpreted this as evidence that, in inducing supernumerary limb structures, polarizing activity acts only on the mesoderm.
I Ain't Gonna Work on Maggie's Farm No More: Institutional Segregation, Community Treatment, the ADA, and the Promise of Olmstead v. L.C.

Olmstead v. L.C., 119 S. Ct. 2176 (1999), qualifiedly affirming a decision that the Americans with Disabilities Act entitled plaintiffs - residents of Georgia State Hospital - to treatment in an "integrated community setting" as opposed to an "unnecessarily segregated" state hospital, potentially has the capacity to transform and revolutionize institutional mental disability law. Whether that potential is realized depends on multiple factors, especially the extent to which courts, legislatures and the public are willing to confront the extent to which sanism (an irrational prejudice of the same quality and character of other irrational prejudices that cause and are reflected in prevailing social attitudes of racism, sexism, homophobia and ethnic bigotry) and pretextuality (ways that courts accept and even encourage, either implicitly or explicitly, testimonial dishonesty, especially on the part of expert witnesses) in the law.
Origin and diversification of wings: Insights from a neopteran insect

Winged insects underwent an unparalleled evolutionary radiation, but mechanisms underlying the origin and diversification of wings in basal insects are sparsely known compared with more derived holometabolous insects. In the neopteran species Oncopeltus fasciatus, we manipulated wing specification genes and used RNA-seq to obtain both functional and genomic perspectives. Combined with previous studies, our results suggest the following key steps in wing origin and diversification. First, a set of dorsally derived outgrowths evolved along a number of body segments including the first thoracic segment (T1). Homeotic genes were subsequently co-opted to suppress growth of some dorsal flaps in the thorax and abdomen. In T1 this suppression was accomplished by Sex combs reduced, that when experimentally removed, results in an ectopic T1 flap similar to prothoracic winglets present in fossil hemipteroids and other early insects. Global gene-expression differences in ectopic T1 vs. T2/T3 wings suggest that the transition from flaps to wings required ventrally originating cells, homologous with those in ancestral arthropod gill flaps/epipods, to migrate dorsally and fuse with the dorsal flap tissue thereby bringing new functional gene networks; these presumably enabled the T2/T3 wing's increased size and functionality. Third, "fused" wings became both the wing blade and surrounding regions of the dorsal thorax cuticle, providing tissue for subsequent modifications including wing folding and the fit of folded wings. Finally, Ultrabithorax was co-opted to uncouple the morphology of T2 and T3 wings and to act as a general modifier of hindwings, which in turn governed the subsequent diversification of lineage-specific wing forms.
Toxics in Consumer Products: California's Green Chemistry Regulations at a Crossroad

Author(s): Malloy, Timothy | Abstract: Approximately 27 trillion pounds of chemicals are produced or imported into the United States every year, more than one trillion of them in California alone. In the face of relative inaction at the federal level, state governments have moved to address hazardous chemical use. Our third Pritzker Brief evaluates California's green chemistry legislation (AB 1879).California’s green chemistry program would shift the focus in chemical regulation to alternatives analysis. This means the California Department of Toxic Substances Control (DTSC) would be tasked with identifying and prioritizing products containing chemicals of concern. Then product and chemical manufacturers would be required to determine the relative safety and viability of potential substitutes for those priority chemicals of concern. DTSC reviews these alternatives analyses and develops regulatory responses to limit use of the priority chemical accordingly. Unlike TSCA, California’s program would shift much of the analysis burden to producers and manufacturers, encouraging them to design safer products and taking advantage of their existing chemical expertise. Professor Malloy’s four key recommendations seek to improve the implementation and effectiveness of California’s green chemistry program:1. DTSC should require review of new chemicals and new uses of existing chemicals before they are put into the marketplace. This pre-market review is a common-sense preventative measure. Currently, scientific studies of chemical toxicity and exposure can be years or decades behind the introduction of a chemical into the marketplace, meaning that we have no information on the toxicity of many chemicals in use today.2. n order to regulate these chemicals, product manufacturers need to disclose to DTSC the use of these chemicals in their products. In this regard, TSCA’s requirements on information gathering and submission are currently superior to that of California’s Green Chemistry Initiative.3. California should prioritize prevention over management of toxic chemicals by expressly preferring the adoption of safer alternative products. Instead of managing exposure by, for example, creating buffer zones around schools for spraying of certain chemicals, a prevention-based approach would focus on alternatives to the chemical first, with exposure controls as a secondary level of protection.4. Establish adequate, stable funding. California’s green chemistry program places a significant resource burden on DTSC but lacks a funding mechanism. The response should be either authority for a regulatory fee or shifting market oversight to qualified, independent third-party consultants who certify manufacturers’ alternatives analyses.
Occult Nodal Disease Prevalence and Distribution in Recurrent Laryngeal Cancer Requiring Salvage Laryngectomy.

ObjectivesThe indications for neck dissection concurrent with salvage laryngectomy in the clinically N0 setting remain unclear. Our goals were to determine the prevalence of occult nodal disease, analyze nodal disease distribution patterns, and identify predictors of occult nodal disease in a salvage laryngectomy cohort.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary academic center.SubjectsPatients with persistent or recurrent laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) after radiation/chemoradiation failure undergoing salvage laryngectomy with neck dissection.MethodsWe analyzed a single-institution retrospective case series of patients between 1997 and 2014 and identified those who had clinically N0 (cN0) necks (n = 203). Clinical and pathologic data, including nodal prevalence and distribution, were collected and statistical analyses performed.ResultsOverall, cN0 necks had histologically positive occult nodes in 17% (n = 35) of cases. Univariate predictors of occult nodal positivity i...
Hyperthermia protects mice against the lethal effects of endotoxin

Recently, investigators have reported that heat shock proteins (HSPs) can protect isolated cells from cytotoxicity induced by two important mediators of sepsis: interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor. The present study was undertaken to examine the hypothesis that transient whole body hyperthermia could decrease mortality from subsequent challenge with gram-negative endotoxin. We demonstrate that heat pretreatments improved long-term survival fivefold in a mouse endotoxin model and this was correlated with the production of HSPs. There was a marked difference in individual organ expression of the inducible 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP72). Heat treatments caused significant HSP72 formation in lung, liver, kidney, and small intestine, but much lesser formation in heart, brain, and abdominal wall muscle. Additional experiments demonstrated that the protective effect of hyperthermic treatments against an endotoxin challenge occurred early, i.e., 1 and 2 h after heating, was maximal at 12 h, and had significantly diminished by 48 h. The formation and decay of HSP72 demonstrated a time course that paralleled the survival curve from endotoxin challenge, thus suggesting a possible role for HSP72 in the protective effect. Surprisingly, and in contrast to studies reported in incubated cells, endotoxin alone did not cause significant formation of HSP72 in vivo.
Size-Selective Template-Assisted Electrophoretic Assembly of Nanoparticles for Biosensing Applications

The precise, size-selective assembly of nanoparticles gives rise to many applications where the assembly of nano building blocks with different biological or chemical functionalizations is necessar...
299 IMPROVEMENT IN EXERCISE CAPACITY IN OVERWEIGHT CHILDREN TREATED IN A LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION PROGRAM.

Background Physical inactivity and decreased exercise capacity have been associated with long-term poor prognosis in terms of morbidity and mortality in overweight children. Objectives To assess changes in exercise capacity in overweight children attending a 12-week lifestyle modification program. Methods This study includes data from 121 children with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 95th percentile who complete a 12-week lifestyle modification program. The program consists of nutrition counseling and medically supervised exercise. BMIs were assessed using the 2000 CDC growth charts. Exercise capacity was estimated by the amount of exercise load (Rockport walking test) and the energy cost of exercise (metabolic equivalents [METs]). All measurements were taken at entry and at the end of the program. Each individual served as his or her own control. Results The group was composed of 50 girls and 73 boys, mean age 11.2 years (range 6-17 years) and ethnic distribution of Hispanic, 43%; Caucasian, 33%; African American, 7%; and other races, 13%. By the end of the program there was significant increase in the Rockport test (19.5 ± 11.9 vs 29.2 ± 9.3, p Conclusions This group of children was successful in achieving a significant improvement in their exercise capacity and BMI Z-score, after participation in a 12-week lifestyle modification program.
Weighing Globalization in the Balance and Finding It Wanting

In the last few years globalization has become one of the most widely used concepts in business and social science (Luard 1990;Johnson 1991; Holm and S0rensen 1995; Waters 1995). Some authors even argue that the economic integration resulting from globalization is leading to the partial demise of the nation-state (Ohmae 1995). In essence, globalization involves the tying of firms, production, product markets, and financial markets into integrated transnational systems. Despite the popularity of the term, however, an intersubjective definition of globalization remains conspicuously absent from this literature. Even though most authors converge on a conceptualization that is multidimensional, few go beyond descriptive cases and anecdotes. In fact, many writers use the term in a way that differs little from the notion of interdependence. Is globalization a distinct and unique socioeconomic force? If so, what are its implications for national governments, labor, and transnational corporations (Gill 1992; Tilly 1995)? Xiaohua Yang, an associate of MIT's International Motor Vehicle Program, grapples with these kinds of questions in her study Globalization of the Automobile Industry: The United States, Japan, and the People's Republic of China. Unfortunately, Yang also avoids an indepth examination of globalization itself and of its relationship to such issues as national competitiveness, technonationalism, and technoglobalism. In a book designed to assess globalization in the automobile industry, Yang's failure to examine Europe and the newly industrializing economies, except in passing, must be considered a flaw. One might conclude that globalization is included in the title only to draw more attention to the book than it might otherwise receive. Likewise, although Globalization of the Automobile Industry addresses the truly interesting contradiction between "technoglobalism" and "technonationalism," Yang fails to define these or any of the other grand concepts she uses. Globalization is merely treated as an exogenous force that encourages domestic firms to create strategic alliances (in pursuit of ever more quickly advancing technologies), and that forces governments to walk a fine line between technonational and technoglobal policies (to foster national competitiveness). Yet, globalization, competitiveness, technonationalism, and technoglobalism are neither defined in the introductory and concluding chapters nor extensively explored in the three intervening case studies. Indeed, Yang fails to develop and apply any framework for comparing the three cases. Of the three case studies, the Chinese is by far the most instructive. It is about twice the length of either the U.S. or Japanese cases and is the only one that seriously discusses the roles of government and labor. In general, the first third of each case study reviews the literature in a rather obligatory manner. Thereafter,
Familiar defects of bended tube and solving methods

When the thin tube is bended, it often happens defects, such as pile, stagger, hollow, rupture, hump, mark, wrinkle, scratch and so on. This article analyzes bending die, tube material, technical parameter and bending machine, and then puts forward the corresponding solving methods.
Clinical Effect of Carboprost Tromethamine in Prevention of Maternal Postpartum Hemorrhage

Objective To explore the effect and adverse reactions of carboprost tromethamine in preventing maternal postpartum hemorrhage. Methods 100 full-term pregnant women undergoing lower uterine segment cesarean section in our hospital from May 2013 to May 2015 were randomly divided into two groups, with 50 cases in each group. The experimental group was given uterus intramuscular injection of carboprost tromethamine, the control group was given uterus intramuscular injection of oxytocin. All patients received conventional nursing after operation. The bleeding volume during and after operation were calculated by capacity calculation method and weighing method. The dynamic Hb and RBC were monitored. Results The bleeding volume during operation of two groups had no statistical difference(P 0.05), but the bleeding volume, Hb and RBC decrease value after 2 h, 24 h of the operation of experimental group were lower than those of control group(P 0.05). The incidence of adverse reactions of two groups had no statistical difference(P 0.05).Conclusions Carboprost tromethamine has certain curative effect in preventing maternal postpartum hemorrhage, and has lower adverse reactions and certain application advantages, which can relieve the postoperative reaction and deserve clinical application.
Implementation and application of information technology laboratory for water resources

The information technology laboratory for water resources in Zhejiang Water Conservancy and Hydropower College is the first laboratory which introduces the safety motoring of hydraulic structures completely in China currently.In this paper,the implementation of the information technology laboratory for water resources is introduced including the models of hydraulic structures,distribution of motoring instruments,structure,component and function of distributed collecting system.The establishment of the laboratory will help to improve interaction of college teaching theory and practical skills,as well as help students to learn the application of motoring equipments in hydraulic structures.
AAV9 supports wide-scale transduction of the CNS and TDP-43 disease modeling in adult rats.

AAV9 has emerged as an efficient adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype for gene transfer to the central nervous system. We have used this technique to study aspects of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) by administering AAV encoding the ALS-related gene transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) to neonatal rats. However, inducing the expression in adult subjects would be preferable to mimic the adult onset of symptoms in ALS. We expressed either green fluorescent protein (GFP) or TDP-43 in adult rats after an intravenous (i.v.) route of administration to attempt wide-scale transduction of the spinal cord for disease modeling. In order to optimize the gene transfer, we made comparisons of efficiency by age, gender, and across several AAV serotypes (AAV1, AAV8, AAV9, and AAV10). The data indicate more efficient neuronal transduction in neonates, with little evidence of glial transduction at either age, no gender-related differences in transduction, and that AAV9 was efficient in adults relative to the other serotypes tested. Based on these data, AAV9 TDP-43 was expressed at three vector doses in adult female rats yielding highly consistent, dose-dependent motor deficits. AAV9 can be delivered i.v. to adult rats to achieve consistent pathophysiological changes and a relevant adult-onset system for disease modeling.
Cataloging and metadata issues for electronic resources

The environment in which cataloging principles and standards operate has changed dramatically. The development of automated systems for the creation and processing of bibliographic data, the growth of large-scale shared cataloging programs, and emerging technologies have created new opportunities to provide access to national and international academic library collections. However, economic pressures have also prompted libraries to try to simplify the cataloging process, using "minimal level" cataloging records in order to keep pace with the continued growth of publishing.Cataloging librarians have identified two significant needs: 1) to adapt existing [cataloging] codes and practices to accommodate change resulting from new forms of electronic publishing and the advent of networked access to information resources, and 2) to respond more effectively to an increasingly broad range of user expectations and needs. Munchen (1998) wonders how catalogers will guarantee the quality and relevance of bibliographic access within the exploding world of online materials. If so, what kind of bibliographic records will be required to meet the different uses and user needs? Finally, how should these bibliographic data be organized and structured for intellectual and physical access to the documents?This chapter will provide an overview of current cataloging principles, issues in handling evolving formats, and challenges for academic catalogs. It will include a brief examination of a model created by a large multi-campus urban university in determining best practice in the creation of records for shared, online academic environments. Finally, the chapter will look at the development of alternative frameworks for describing online resources.
Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues

This chapter focuses on eigenvectors and eigenvalues. The chapter discusses how eigenvalues play a role with Fibonacci sequences, Markov processes, and diagonalizing bilinear forms, which have a broad spectrum of applications including analyzing reconnaissance photographs, analyzing geologic stress in rocks, and matching automobile colors. Determinants play an important role in both theoretical and computational aspects of eigenvalues. The determinant of a 2 × 2 matrix can be memorized easily by thinking the product of one diagonal minus the product of the other diagonal. The chapter describes the pattern for the determinant of 3 × 3 matrices in such a way that leads to a description of the general pattern for the determinant of n × n matrices. In the computation of eigenvalues and other situations as well, entries of matrices are functions. For such cases their determinants are also functions. Even though complex numbers are historically called “imaginary,” they have many real applications, ranging from electrical engineering to nuclear physics.
Extra-cardiac abnormalities on 82-Rubidium cardiac PET/CT

1137 Objectives The role of 82-Rubidium in recognizing extra-cardiac diseases is minimally investigated. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency and incremental added value of clinically significant extra-cardiac findings from 82-Rb cardiac PET/CT studies. Methods The study included all consecutive patients, who were referred from July 2008 to June 2010 for 82-Rb cardiac PET/CT. A blinded reader reviewed the images to assess for any areas of abnormal extra-cardiac uptake, i.e. not corresponding to expected physiologic distribution of Rubidium. Confirmatory imaging studies or clinical, laboratory and pathological confirmation for extra-cardiac findings were used as reference standard. Results The images of four hundred six patients (142male;264female) with a mean age±SD of 59.7±12.9years were reviewed. Incidental extra-cardiac abnormalities were found in 67 out of 406 patients (16.5%). Among them, 8 patients had malignant etiologies (1.9%),including 3 breast cancers,2 multiple myeloma, 2 lung cancers and 1 lymphoma. Benign etiologies of extracardiac 82-Rb uptake were Bronchitis/pneumonitis, breast fibrocystic change, diffuse breast uptake in nursing mother, Hydradenitis Suppurativa, post-CABGs sternal uptake, Sarcoidosis, chronic thyroiditis, liver uptake in a patient with SVC obstruction and adrenal adenoma. Forty one patients (23 males and 12 females; mean age:64.6±9.2years) indicated abnormal diffuse bone marrow uptake, which could be explained by previously diagnosed anemia (35 patients) or unknown etiology (6 patients). Conclusions Incidental extra-cardiac findings are present in a significant portion of Rb-82 PET/CT studies. The spectrum of pathologies visualized by extra-cardiac uptake of 82-Rb was wide. Although most of the extra-cardiac findings represent clinically known pathologies, these coincidental findings in routine 82-Rb cardiac PET/CT scans may have significant clinical impact, and offer the referring physician the chance to obtain added clinically relevant information. 82-Rb is a promising radiotracer for PET scanning beyond cardiac imaging
Family Health History and Health Risk Assessment in Health Care

Abstract Health risk assessments have the potential to play a key role in health promotion and disease prevention both at an individual and a population level. While the idea has been around since the 1950s and health risk assessments are commonly performed in the workplace, they have not been as readily adopted by the US healthcare system. Several challenges must be addressed before broader uptake of health risk assessments in clinical care can occur: (1) usability for providers, (2) usability for patients, (3) quality of patient-entered data, and (4) impact on health outcomes. In this chapter, we describe recent developments in health risk assessment design that are aimed at addressing these issues.
The importance of soft tissue stabilization in trans-femoral amputation : English version.

Transfemoral amputations with more proximal amputation levels have the problem of secondary development into flexion and abduction contractures. This is induced by muscle imbalance, especially the loss of adductor muscle insertions when abductor muscle insertions are preserved. This causes considerable problems when fitting prosthetics. Myodesis with insertion of the distally detached adductor magnus muscle to the lateral femoral cortex, introduced here, results in a stronger stump with good muscle balance, and prosthetics fitting is significantly improved.
New solid oxo-rhenium and oxo-molybdenum catalysts for the deoxydehydration of glycols to olefins

Abstract Several new solid oxo-rhenium and oxo-molybdenum catalysts were tested for the deoxydehydration (DODH) of 1,2-diols to terminal olefins employing aromatic solvents and reaction temperatures of 150–200 °C. A catecholato oxo-rhenium catalyst tethered to silica was prepared and found to have comparably high DODH activity to its soluble analog with triphenylphosphine as the reductant. Catalyst re-use and leach-test experiments show significant leaching into the liquid phase. Silica, ceria and, for the first time, alumina and iron oxide were tested as supports for perrhenate, with ceria producing the least active material in 1,2-decane diol DODH. Decene yields obtained with ReOx/SiO2, ReOx/Fe2O3, ReOx/Al2O3 were highest when triphenylphosphine was the reductant and reached 70 − 78% (at 90–100% conversion) at 150 °C. These three catalysts were also effective with gaseous reductants H2 or CO. Leaching of rhenium species occurred for all supports and was most pronounced for SiO2. New solid oxo-molybdenum catalysts were synthesized. At 200 °C, decene yields observed using MoOx/Fe2O3, MoOx/SiO2, MoOx/Al2O3, MoOx/TiO2 and MoOx/ZrO2 were comparable and did not exceed 20%. There were homogeneous contributions through leached molybdenum species.
Freshman Year Alcohol and Marijuana use Prospectively Predict Time to College Graduation and Subsequent Adult Roles and Independence

ABSTRACTObjective: This study examined how freshman year substance use prospectively predicted time to college graduation, and whether delayed graduation predicted postponed adoption of adult roles and future substance use. Participants: Participants were part of a longitudinal study that began in 2004. The first analyses focused on freshman year (N = 2,050). The second analyses corresponded to a subset of participants at age 27 (N = 575). Methods: Measures included self-reported substance use, adult role adoption, and university reported graduation dates. Results: Results indicated that frequent binge drinking and marijuana use during freshman year predicted delayed college graduation. Those who took longer to graduate were more likely to have lower incomes and were less likely to obtain a graduate degree. Taking 5–6 years to graduate was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol-related problems. Conclusions: Findings support the importance of interventions during freshman year of college to decreas...
Attributional influences on the outcome-aggression relationship: a review and extension of past research

We review past research on the relationship between attributional perceptions, emotions, and workplace aggression and develop a conceptual model that extends this research in two ways. First, we consider the influence of controllability attributions on the type (otherdirected, self-directed, hostile, non-hostile) and likelihood of aggressive responses to negative workplace outcomes and situations. Second, we consider the extent to which discrete negative emotions might mediate these attribution-aggression relationships. Implications for anticipating and preventing workplace aggression based on this conceptual model are discussed.
Chronic exposure of interleukin‐13 suppress the induction of matrix metalloproteinase‐1 by tumour necrosis factor α in normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblasts through protein kinase B/Akt

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells taken from patients with scleroderma express increased levels of interleukin (IL)-13. Moreover, the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) from involved scleroderma skin fibroblasts is refractory to stimulation by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. To elucidate the mechanism(s) involved, we examined the effect of IL-13 on TNF-α-induced MMP-1 expression in normal and scleroderma human dermal fibroblast lines and studied the involvement of serine/threonine kinase B/protein kinase B (Akt) in this response. Dermal fibroblast lines were stimulated with TNF-α in the presence of varying concentrations of IL-13. Total Akt and pAkt were quantitated using Western blot analyses. Fibroblasts were treated with or without Akt inhibitor VIII in the presence of IL-13 followed by TNF-α stimulation. MMP-1 expression was analysed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (anova) or Student's t-test. Upon TNF-α stimulation, normal dermal fibroblasts secrete more MMP-1 than systemic sclerosis (SSc) fibroblasts. This increase in MMP-1 is lost when fibroblasts are co-incubated with IL-13 and TNF-α. IL-13 induced a significant increase in levels of pAkt in dermal fibroblasts, while Akt inhibitor VIII reversed the suppressive effects of IL-13 on the response of cultured fibroblasts to TNF-α, increasing their expression of MMP-1. We show that IL-13 suppresses MMP-1 in TNF-α-stimulated normal and scleroderma dermal fibroblast. Akt inhibitor VIII is able to reverse the suppressive effect of IL-13 on MMP-1 expression and protein synthesis. Our data suggest that IL-13 regulates MMP-1 expression in response to TNF-α through an Akt-mediated pathway and may play a role in fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma.
Evaluation of the imaging performance of continuous detectors etched with laser induced optical barriers

Several groups are actively investigating the performance of thick continuous crystals to determine the potential of this detector design. One method to alter the behavior of this detector is to etch laser induced optical barriers (LIOBs) into the crystal. This work explores the performance of thick continuous detectors etched partly into the crystal in a grid pattern. As a motivation for this study, system Monte Carlo simulations were used to investigate the added benefit in imaging performance of improved spatial resolution. Detector simulations were used to qualitatively study the potential of etching crystals in the entrance region in a grid pattern, by varying the opacity of the etchings. The behavior of the LIOBs in response to optical light was also investigated by etching several small cubes of LYSO with a single LIOB, varying the etching parameters among the cubes, and measuring the transmission of optical light through the cubes as a function of interaction position and incident angle. Last, thick crystals were etched in this pattern and the performance characterized. The results showed that the opacity of the etchings may be altered by varying the laser power and etching pattern, and that greater opacity results in more restricted light spread within crystals etched in a grid pattern. Thick crystals etched with LIOBs in this pattern showed slightly improved performance in the etched region of the crystals, and slightly degraded performance in the unetched region. This study illustrates, therefore, that etching crystals in a grid pattern is possible, and may result in improved overall spatial resolution, though the etching parameters must still be optimized.
Towards safe therapy for immunodeficiency.

A humanized mouse model of X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency suggests that the safety of correcting the human IL2RG gene in haematopoietic stem cells depends on both gene-correction frequency and the conditioning regimen used before cell transplantation.
Program Annotation and Analysis

As we have seen, invariant assertions are often needed for modification and abstraction to carry through. But what if the programmer failed to supply enough of them? In particular, if the program is incorrect with respect to its specifications, then, perforce, some of his assertions (at very least, the output specification) do not reflect what the program is actually doing. And without knowing what the program is doing, we cannot proceed to debug it.
Stress, anxiety, and depression of both partners in infertile couples are associated with cytokine levels and adverse IVF outcome.

Problem Psychiatric disorders and stress in women have been associated with poor IVF outcome. We hypothesized that both partners in the infertile couples are emotionally affected, and cytokines in both may link psychological to reproductive outcome. Method of study Forty-five IVF couples completed questionnaires and visual analog scales for stress and psychiatric disorders and had cytokines measured in serum, semen, cervicovaginal, and follicular fluids. Multivariable analyses, t tests, maximum likelihood estimates, Spearman correlation, and data mining were applied. Results Psychopathology was found in 72% of the couples. Female and male stress were associated with stress, anxiety, and depression in the respective partner, and with a lower likelihood of clinical pregnancy and live birth. Lower serum TGF-β and higher cervicovaginal IL-6 and IL-1β were associated with stress. In data decision trees, cytokines in relation to stress and depression in both partners were found indicative of IVF failure. Conclusion Infertile couples may benefit from psychiatric evaluation and treatment of both partners.