cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Whole Student: Cognition, Emotion, and Information Literacy

Information literacy skill acquisition is a form of learning that is influenced by cognitive, emotional, and social processes. This research studied how two emotional constructs (emotional intelligence and dispositional affect) and two cognitive constructs (motivation and coping skills) interacted with students’ information literacy scores. Two studies were carried out with a group of undergraduate students. Correlation and regression analyses revealed that emotional intelligence and motivation significantly predicted students’ information literacy scores. Instruction librarians may consider incorporating greater awareness of the emotional and cognitive aspects of information literacy skill acquisition in their instructional content and delivery.
A Transducer for the Continuous External Measurement of Arterial Blood Pressure

The objective of the research was to develop a transducer to measure arterial blood pressure. It was required that the transducer provide a continuous measure of blood pressure, that it not encumber the subject and that it not require cannulation. Two basic techniques were investigated both analytically and experimentally. First, an indirect measurement of blood pressure based on arterial deflection was attempted. Difficulties of calibration; and sensitivity to physiological changes of skin and tissue around the artery led to the decision to attempt a more direct measurement of arterial blood pressure. In this second approach, arterial deflection is restrained by the transducer and the resultant restraining force is measured. A mathematical model of the transducer artery system was developed and was used as a guide for the design of the experimental prototype transducers. Tests performed on these experimental transducers gave results consistent with the predictions of the model. These transducers have been used to measure blood pressure at large superficial arteries, with results comparable to sphygmomanometer determinations.
Isokinetic Gradients for the Separation of Cells

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the isokinetic gradients for the separation of cells. There are several features of the design of the isokinetic gradient. In contrast to the sedimentation of cells in most other gradients, cells sediment at almost constant velocities in the isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium. With the isokinetic gradient, one determines the velocities of sedimentation of the cells of interest simply by layering the cells over the gradient and centrifuging for a short time at a low centrifugal force. There are two physical features of the isokinetic gradient that make it particularly well suited for the separation of cells by velocity sedimentation: (1) it contains a low concentration of Ficoll and therefore, is of low density and viscosity and (2) the concentration of Ficoll increases slowly from the sample-gradient interface at the top of the gradient to the gradient-cushion interface at the bottom of the gradient.
Phase I study of CNF1010 (lipid formulation of 17-(allylamino)-17-demethoxygeldanamycin: 17-AAG) in patients with advanced solid tumors

B88 17-AAG is a benzoquinone ansamycin that binds toand inhibits the molecular chaperone Hsp90 leadingto the proteasomal degradation of client proteins critical inmalignant cell proliferation and survival. Previous 17-AAG formulations contained cremaphor or DMSO, likely contributing to the hepatotoxicity and adverse event (AE) profile of 17-AAG. CNF1010 is an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of17-AAG. Here we report final results of a CNF1010 Phase 1 study in patients (pts) with solid tumors (ST) . Methods: Pts with advanced ST,ECOG PS 0-2, and adequate hematologic, hepatic, renaland cardiac functions received CNF1010 by infusion,twice-a-week, 3 weeks out of 4, starting at 6 mg/m2 perdose. Doses were escalated sequentially in single pts (6 and12 mg/m2) and 3-6 pts (≥25 mg/m2) cohorts according toa modified Fibonacci’s schema. Plasma pharmacokinetic(PK) profiles were obtained on days 1 and 18. Results: As of June 9, 2006, 35 pts (M/F 17/18, median age 60 years, range 39-78) with advanced ST were exposed to CNF1010. 19 pts experienced 50 SAEs. 26 pts reported treatment-related (tr) AEs. 10 pts reported Gr3 trAEs: fatigue, increased AST, increased ALT, increased alk phos, increased GGT, cancer pain, tumor ulceration, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hypocalcemia, hypoalbuminea, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypoxia, hyperbilirubinemia, acute hepatitis, acute renal failure, atrial fibrillation, and pain in extremity. 6 of these 10 pts received 175mg/m2 CNF1010. 3 pts reported Gr4 trAEs: metabolic encephalopathy, shock, and hyperglycemia. 2 of the 3 pts received 225 mg/m2. 3 DLTs were originally reported (hypoxia at 175 mg/m2, metabolic encephalopathy and atrial fibrillation at 225 mg/m2). A retrospective review of the safety data by Biogen Idec (BIIB) identified an additional 5DLTs. (fatigue x 2 (83 mg/m2 and 175 mg/m2), increased transaminases and shock at 175 mg/m2 and pain in extremity (225 mg/m2), PK data were available through 225 mg/m2; The PK appears dose linear and median t½ values ranged from 2.1 to 6.8 hours. Hsp70 induction in PBMCs and inhibition of serum Her2 extracellular domain indicated biological effects of CNF1010 at doses >83 mg/m2. Tumor- response data were available for 24 pts. Best response was stable disease (n=6) and progressive disease (n=18). Conclusions: CNF1010, an oil-in-water nanoemulsion of 17-AAG demonstrates biologic activity at 83mg/m2 and is toxic at doses of and above175 mg/m2 administered twice weekly. Because of toxicity, development of 17-AAG by BIIB has stopped. Phase 1 studies of BIIB021, an oral, fully synthetic, non-ansamycin derived Hsp90 inhibitor are on-going.
Trigonal structures of ABe2BO3F2 (A = Rb, Cs, Tl) crystals.

Several interesting fluoroberyllium borates were synthesized hydrothermally and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structures of RbBe2BO3F2 (RBBF; rubidium fluoroberyllium borate) and CsBe2BO3F2 (CBBF; caesium fluoroberyllium borate), previously determined in the space group C2, were reinvestigated for higher symmetry and found to have more suitable solutions in the space group R32. TlBe2BO3F2 (TBBF; thallium fluoroberyllium borate) was synthesized as a novel compound also having this trigonal structure type. Details of the space-group determination and unique structural features are discussed. These crystal structures were compared with that of KBe2BO3F2, revealing interesting structural trends within this family of compounds that are also discussed. A crystallographic explanation of the physical morphology is postulated.
Content of Some Sulfur-Containing Components and Free Amino Acids in Various Strains of Garlic

Determination of some sulfur-containing components and free amino acids in various strains of garlic (13 purchased and 11 cultured specimens) was carried out by various HPLC analyses. Alliin was the most abundant sulfur compound and was followed by cycloalliin, whose content was comparable to that of S-methyl cysteine sulfoxide. Among free amino acids Arg is the most abundant and its content was comparable to that of alliin. The distribution of cycloalliin in the leaf and the bulb with growth of garlic were different from that of alliin.
The Temperature Relationships and Thermal Resistance of a New Thermophilic Papulaspora from Mushroom Compost

(1971). The Temperature Relationships and Thermal Resistance of a New Thermophilic Papulaspora from Mushroom Compost. Mycologia: Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 426-431.
Hybrid erythrocytes for membrane studies in sickle cell disease

A hybrid erythrocyte model for membrane studies in sickle cell disease has been developed. The model consists of normal red cell membranes containing hemoglobin S and sickle cell membranes containing hemoglobin A. In hybrids, complete hemoglobin exchange has been achieved together with restoration of low membrane permeability to potassium. Normal membranes containing HbS sickle upon deoxygenation and assume the characteristic appearance of irreversibly sickled cells (ISC) after prolonged anoxia. It is suggested that the hybrid model will be useful in defining further the process of ISC formation and in studying the influence of sickle hemoglobin upon the function of the surrounding membrane.
Fluorescence Quenching Based Thin Film Sensors Employing Electrostatic Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly

In this work, the fabrication and performance of thin film optical chemical sensors based on the fluorescence quenching of indicator molecules by several analytes such as organic nitro compounds or metal ions are described. To fabricate the sensors, a fluorescent molecule, 1- hydroxypyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate or pyrene methanol, was covalently incorporated into poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and subsequently the polymers were assembled with a polycation employing electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly into thin film structures. Fluorescence intensities decreased with increasing concentration of analytes. Quenching behavior follows Stern-Volmer bimolecular quenching kinetics. Linear increase in absorbance, film thickness and emission intensity was observed with increase in number of bilayers deposited in all multilayer films.
Agglutinins for Bacterium Necrophorum in the Serum of Patients with Chronic Ulcerative Colitis

The significance of Bacterium necrophorum in chronic ulcerative colitis has been difficult to evaluate since this bacterium, although constantly associated with the lesions in the colon of patients with this disease is also associated with ulcerative lesions of the colon in patients who do not have chronic ulcerative colitis. Furthermore, chronic ulcerative colitis has not been produced with this bacterium in experimental animals.",2,3 In previous reports we have called attention to the antibodies for Bacterium necrophorum developed in the serum of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis. In the agglutination test one of the difficulties encountered was the spontaneous agglutination which occurred with many of the strains. We have obtained several strains that do not agglutinate spontaneously and this report is based on a study with 6 such antigens. These 6 antigens were selected since they appeared to represent different antigenic groupings when tested with immune rabbit serums representing a large number of Bact. necrophorum strains. In this study the agglutinins in patients' serum were determined in different stages of the disease. Furthermore a careful control study was made on the agglutinins in the serums of individuals with normal colons as well as in the serums of patients with other lesions in the colon, other than those of chronic ulcerative colitis. Thus by studying the antibody response of patients to Bacterium necrophorum we hoped to learn more of the role of this bacterium in chronic ulcerative colitis. Of the 6 strains used 5 were isolated from the colon of patients with chronic ulcerative colitis at proctoscopic examination. The remaining strain was isolated from the severely ulcerated rectum of a girl with bacillary dysentery. The stock cultures are maintained in Rosenow's brain medium and on blood agar slants kept in an anaerobic jar. The antigens are prepared by inoculating approximately 1 cc. of an actively growing brain broth culture into a freshly prepared flask of cysteine (0.05%) dextrose (1%) veal infusion broth. The flask of broth if freshly prepared does not need to be placed in an anaerobic environment to support growth of the organisms. Usually rapid growth follows within 24 hours at the end of which time the culture is put
CHANGES DUE TO JETTIES AT TILLAMOOK BAY, OREGON

Bayocean Spit, separating Tillamook Bay from the Pacific Ocean on the north Oregon coast, underwent severe erosion following construction of a north jetty at the bay entrance in 1914-17. This erosion ultimately led to the complete breaching of the spit in 1952. Simultaneous to the spit erosion south of the entrance, the shoreline north of the north jetty advanced seaward by some 600 m (2000 ft). This pattern of erosion and deposition following jetty construction has generally been interpreted as the jetty blocking a large north to south net littoral drift in the area, estimated by a previous study at 620,000 m3/yr (800,000 yd3/yr). Our reexamination of the shoreline changes and patterns of erosion and deposition following jetty construction disagrees with this interpretation, and instead we conclude that all of the changes resulted from local rearrangements of the beach due to the disrupted equilibrium following jetty construction, but at the same time maintaining an overall condition of zero net littoral drift. This interpretation is supported by other evidence that indicates a near-zero net drift on this portion of the Oregon coast. Thus severe coastal erosion can result from jetty construction even in areas of zero net littoral drift. A new south jetty has been recently completed (1974). The result has been further realignments of the shoreline with accretion and shore-: line advance immediately south of the south jetty. This provides further confirmation that a zero net littoral drift exists in the area. This study also demonstrates the effects of building only a single jetty rather than a pair of jetties. Following construction of the north jetty, the outer bar or ebb-tide delta at the Tillamook Bay inlet grew appreciably in size.
Railroad Management and the Interplay of Federal and State Regulation, 1885–1916 *

A content analysis of two major rail journal leads the author to conclude that too many historians have overestimated the radicalism of state regulation and have also operated on the questionable assumption that rail managers wanted the elimination of patchwork state controls in favor of uniform national regulation. Further, he maintains that the Transportation Act of 1920 was more a reversal than a continuation or logical culmination of Progressive regulation.
A laboratory method to obtain fruit from cased grain spawn of the cultivated mushoom, Agaricus bisporus.

A laboratory procedure to obtain mushrooms by casing (covering) grain spawn (aseptic) with a layer of non-sterile soil is described. Fruit of the white, intermediate, and brown mushroom varieties w...
Food Marketing to Children Online: A Content Analysis of Food Company Websites

Since 2006, many U.S. food and beverage companies have pledged to market healthier foods to children to help combat the childhood obesity epidemic. Despite this, companies’ expenditures on online a...
Erythrocyte folate levels, oral contraceptive use and abnormal cervical cytology.

The initial hypothesis of this study was that folate depletion is a risk factor for human papillomavirus infection and cervical epithelial cell abnormalities including dysplasia. The prevalence of low erythrocyte folate levels (defined as < 140 ng/ml erythrocytes and determined by the growth of Lactobacillus) were measured in 250 University of California at Los Angeles students. Among oral contraceptive (OC) users low erythrocyte folate was a risk factor for an abnormal cytologic smear in both benign atypia and squamous intraepithelial lesions. Odds ratios were statistically significant for biopsied women who did not have condyloma and for those who did not have squamous intraepithelial lesions but not for those with histologically confirmed intraepithelial lesions. Low erythrocyte folate was a risk factor for a positive Virapap result in OC users. If the folate effects are causal the findings suggest that erythrocyte folate levels should be higher in OC users than in nonusers to protect against an abnormal cytologic smear. (authors)
Role of systemic chemotherapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer.

Introduction: Patients with metastatic hormone sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) have traditionally been treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Recently, there has been a demonstration of a survival benefit with the addition of docetaxel to ADT from three large randomized controlled trials. This review summarizes these trials, draws comparisons between the trials, and attempts to provide critical evidence-based recommendation on the role of docetaxel in mHSPC. Methods: Of the two published (GETUG-AFU, Chemo-Hormonal therapy vs. Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in prostate cancer [CHAARTED]) and one presented trial (STAMPEDE) an analysis of the study design, patient characteristics, outcomes, variables, and a critical comparison between the trials was performed for making practice recommendations. Results: All the three trials demonstrated statistically significant progression free survival with the addition of docetaxel to ADT in mHSPC. However, while CHAARTED trial demonstrated a significant survival benefit with addition of docetaxel to ADT in patients with high volume mHSPC, GETUG-AFU failed to demonstrate statistically significant survival benefit although there was an absolute difference in survival between the two arms, with lower sample size and statistical power compared to CHAARTED. The largest study, STAMPEDE, reported a 22 month survival benefit in patients with M1 disease with statistical significance; with subgroup analysis of high volume and low volume disease patients yet to be reported. Conclusion: After a careful comparison between the trials, we conclude that systemic docetaxel chemotherapy within 4 months of initiating ADT for metastatic, high-volume HSPC should be considered the standard of care for patients with good performance status.
Session I: Introductory Remarks

The purpose of this program is to explore the conceptual basis of the mechanisms of shock. What precisely do we mean by mechanisms? It occurs to me that they fall into at least three large categories: those that may be pathogenic, those which are regulatory or controlling, and terminal mechanisms. Each of these three classes may relate to specific organs or specific controlling systems.
Performance comparison of short pitched and fully pitched switched reluctance machines

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of switched reluctance machines (SRM) with short pitched and full pitched windings for the same machine geometry. A switched reluctance machine designed for off-road vehicles with short-pitched windings is rewound with full-pitched windings and the two winding structures are compared. The effect of number of turns on the torque speed characteristics is also investigated. The two different winding configurations were evaluated with unipolar excitation at the same bus voltage level of the driver. The machines are compared with respect to their electromagnetic behavior, operating range, torque per ampere, and efficiency. The comparison would better guide designers on what type of configuration would best suit to their applications. The comparison is conducted with the aid of Finite element analysis. An experimental 50 kW prototype for the off-road vehicle application is used for experimental validation.
Modification of Molecular Conductance by in Situ Deprotection of Thiol-Based Porphyrin

Acetylthio-protected free base porphyrins are used to form scanning tunneling microscope-molecular break junctions. The porphyrin molecules are deprotected in situ, before the self-assembly. Two types of molecular junctions are formed in the junctions: Au-S-Por-SAc-Au and Au-S-Por-S-Au. Lower conductance values and higher conductance values are observed. Computational modeling attributes the lower conductance to the Au-S-Por-SAc-Au junctions and the higher conductance to the Au-S-Por-S-Au junctions. First-principles calculation suggests that the reduced conductance in the protected porphyrin originates from the presence of the acetyl end groups (−COCH3), rather than from the elongation of the sulfur–gold (S–Au) bonds at the tip-molecule interface.
Evidence behind use of levosalbutamol over salbutamol to prevent cardiac side effects

Salbutamol and levosalbutamol are the two most frequently used medications for asthma in pediatrics. Levosalbutamol is more expensive than salbutamol and is usually considered safer option for patients with existing cardiac condition and, to reduce tachycardia in otherwise healthy patients. In this article, we reviewed the literature which included randomized controlled trials, retrospective studies and case reports and compared the cardiac side effects of these two medications with primary emphasis on tachycardia
A Portal Based Approach to Viewing Aggregated Network Performance Data in Distributed Brokering Systems.

Effective utilization of networks and responsiveness to changing network conditions are essential to mitigate network utilization problems associated with distributed messaging systems. Monitoring and aggregation of network performance data is a pre-cursor to making intelligent decisions to optimize network utilizations based on detected network conditions. In this paper, we present a scheme to view aggregated performance information inside a portal and specify constraints on the accumulated performance information to detect network conditions, based on specified thresholds on measured performance factors. This work builds upon our previous work involving the design of a framework for aggregation network performance. The investigations that we report in this paper are in the context of NaradaBrokering a distributed brokering system.
Long Noncoding RNA MEG3 Is an Epigenetic Determinant of Oncogenic Signaling in Functional Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor Cells.

The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) MEG3 is significantly downregulated in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs). MEG3 loss corresponds with aberrant upregulation of the oncogenic hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-MET in PNETs. Meg3 overexpression in a mouse insulin-secreting PNET cell line, MIN6, downregulates c-Met expression. However, the molecular mechanism by which MEG3 regulates c-MET is not known. Using ch romatin i solation by R NA p urification and seq uencing (ChIRP-Seq), we identified Meg3 binding to unique genomic regions in and around the c-Met gene. In the absence of Meg3, these c-Met regions displayed distinctive enhancer-signature histone modifications. Furthermore, Meg3 relied on functional enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), to inhibit c-Met expression. Another mechanism of lncRNA-mediated regulation of gene expression utilized triplex-forming GA-GT rich sequences. Transfection of such motifs from Meg3 RNA, termed triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFOs), in MIN6 cells suppressed c-Met expression and enhanced cell proliferation, perhaps by modulating other targets. This study comprehensively establishes epigenetic mechanisms underlying Meg3 control of c-Met and the oncogenic consequences of Meg3 loss or c-Met gain. These findings have clinical relevance for targeting c-MET in PNETs. There is also the potential for pancreatic islet β-cell expansion through c-MET regulation to ameliorate β-cell loss in diabetes.
A multi-century δ 13 C record of the C 4 grass Setaria macrostachya in the US Southwest: Identifying environmental causes of variability

Abstract Annual and 5-year averages of δ 13 C measured on florets of the C 4 grass Setaria macrostachya decreased from 10 to 13‰ between 1849 and 2016. Atmosphere-plant δ 13 C discrimination (Δ) changed from 3 to 4 early in this interval, to 4–5 since 1970. These century-scale changes result from decrease in atmospheric δ 13 C and, prior to 1970, from changes in Δ related to increase in the partial pressure of CO 2 in the atmosphere, both largely caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Short-term fluctuations (interannual to decadal) in slope of the time series of averaged δ 13 C do not result from natural causes, but in certain cases appear to coincide with human economic activities. Annual δ 13 C ranges in years with sufficient measurements are consistently about 2‰. It is unlikely that useful information on past atmospheric δ 13 C will be obtained from S. macrostachya seeds preserved in packrat middens or other archives.
Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is a potent hematopoietic protein that promotes the development and function of granulocytes and mobilizes stem/progenitor cells from the bone marrow. Recent studies have shown that G-CSF also directly influences the activity of some non-hematopoietic cells, such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and neurons via G-CSF receptor. This chapter provides an overview of the preclinical and clinical reports to demonstrate the usefulness and the current limitations of the therapeutic strategy using G-CSF for ischemic diseases.
Diagnosis Talk and Recovery in People with a Mental Illness: A Qualitative Study and Perspectives for Clinical Social Work

In recent years, much research has focused on the lived experience of people diagnosed with a mental illness, resulting in a better understanding of what helps or hinders their recovery. This study aimed to investigate a rather neglected aspect of recovery: how people with a mental illness talk about their diagnosis and how concealing or revealing such a diagnosis affects different live domains. People (n = 16) diagnosed with a mental illness participated in an in-depth qualitative interview study, allowing insight into how they experience and evaluate living with a mental health diagnosis. The results are particularly interesting for clinical social work. Based on the findings of this study, the concept of ‘diagnosis talk’ has been derived. This concept is understood to thematize the different aspects related to whether and how a person with a mental illness talks about their diagnosis, such as motivation for disclosure and its timing, or which terms they use when referring to their diagnosis. The results indicate that receiving a mental health diagnosis requires consideration of how to cope with this “label”, which has to be distinguished from coping with the illness and the symptoms in itself. This needs to be taken into account by clinical social workers providing comprehensive recovery-oriented support for people with a mental illness. Using the findings, concrete recommendations for psycho-social practice are presented in this article.
Low Temperature Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Ethane by Ce-Modified NiNb Catalysts

Low temperature oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts are becoming a viable material for drastically altering the production of small chain alkenes. Among materials used, bimetallic and trimetallic nickel catalysts have shown great promise. In this study, we report a 38% increase in the rate of ethylene production with the addition of Ce to NiNb catalysts. Oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane was performed in the temperature range of 250–350 °C. At 300 °C, the rate of ethylene production was maximized with a rate of 6.91 × 10–4 mmol gcat–1 s–1. At higher temperatures, the rate of deep oxidation to CO2 outcompeted the rate of ethylene formation. The improved rate due to the addition of Ce is attributed to ceria’s ability to rapidly transport oxygen to the NiO active sites.
Control of Cell Membrane Fusion by Lipid Composition

The fusion of biological membranes is an integral component of many physiological processes, occurring within and between cells in numerous situations of interest to such diverse fields as cell biology, developmental physiology, and medical pathology (reviewed in Poste and Nicholson, 1978; Lucy, 1982; Sowers, 1987). Observations of multinucleated cells in vertebrate tissues were first made by medical pathologists as early as the mid-19th century (reviewed by Langerhans, 1868), and cell fusion has continued to intrigue morphologists ever since, yet the precise molecular mechanisms governing the fusion of biological membranes remain unclear. In recent years, cell and membrane fusion techniques have been used extensively for the advancement of modern cell genetics (Davidson, 1977). Further development and refinement of applications for the biotechnology industry has lent increasing impetus to investigations into the biophysical and biochemical bases of cell fusion and other membrane interactions (de St. Groth and Scheidegger, 1980; Furusawa, 1980; Zimmermann, 1982; Gregoriades, 1984; Schlegel and Lieber, 1987).
Trajectories of Affective Balance 1 Year After Traumatic Injury: Associations with Resilience, Social Support, and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

We examined trajectories of affective balance (AB) among 488 individuals admitted to a metropolitan Level 1 trauma center for serious physical injury. AB was measured prior to hospital discharge, and at three, six, and 12 months post-discharge. Multilevel modeling (MLM) was used to investigate whether initial demographic variables, injury severity, the occurrence of a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), self-reported resilience and social support predicted AB trajectories. Participants’ change in resilience and social support over the 12-month period were also tested as predictors. The results revealed a large amount of between-individual variation in the first year post-injury. Initial resilience, resilience change, initial social support, and social support change predicted AB 1 year later. Changes in resilience and social support predicted the linear growth in AB over time. Demographic and injury-related variables did not significantly predict AB, nor did the diagnosis of a mild TBI. Participants’ self-perceived resilience and social support scores changed substantially, for better or worse, over the 12-month period. AB was strongly associated with these changes, even when controlling for initial resilience and social support: Increases in either resilience or social support were significantly associated with increases in AB over time. The final model accounted for 33.2% of the between-individual variance in final scores and 46.9% of the variance in linear growth. These results provide additional evidence of the beneficial effects of existing levels of resilience and social support following traumatic injury, and these characteristics are better predictors of AB than injury severity, basic demographic data, and the presence of a mild head injury. Furthermore, changes that may occur in social support and self-perceived resilience are associated with significant changes in AB, and these factors should be considered in post-discharge plans to facilitate subsequent adjustment.
Geometric Aspects of the Convergence Analysis of Identification Algorithms

The relationship between the topology of a parameter set of candidate systems and the convergence analysis of recursive identification algorithms on this parameter set is studied using, for example, the “ODE approach” of Ljung together with classical differential-topological methods for the qualitative analysis of differential equations. Combined with recent studies ([4], [8], [10], [12], [19] and [23]) on the topology of certain spaces of systems this analysis suggests that, topologically, the defining conditions for the candidate systems in a globally convergent identification scheme have the effect of forcing the parameter space X of candidates to be Euclidean. This interpretation of such defining properties as stable, miniphase, constant controllability indices, etc., is supported by examples from the literature (esp. [1], [3], [16]).
The Role of Cytoplasmic Granules in Cytotoxicity by Large Granular Lymphocytes and Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes

Three years ago, at the First Workshop on Mechansisms of Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity, we presented a summary of the evidence developed in our lab that the ADCC and NK cytotoxic functions of large granular lymphocytes (LGL) operated via a secretory process (1). We showed by EM that for both NK and ADCC, target contact induces a rearrangement of the LGL cytoplasmic granules suggesting exocytosis. This secretion was evidenced by deposition of material which had been in the granules into the intracellular space, where 15 nm pore-like ring structures formed from this material. These structures were identical to those previously reported in a collaborative study with Dourmashkin (2), where they were seen on target membranes after ADCC. The pore-like structures were similar in appearance to those made by complement but had a larger diameter; these findings correlated nicely with molecular sieving experiments of markers released from red cell ghosts attacked by complement and by LGL in ADCC (3). Similar pore-like structures were reported to be associated with cytotoxicity by a cloned cell line with NK activity (4).
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PYROLYTIC GRAPHITE TO 2800°C*

The effects of temperature, strain-rate, and hot-working on the tensile properties and the high-temperature creep behavior of pyrolytic graphite in the basal plane direction have been studied. Increasing the strain-rate from 2 × 10−4 to 140 × 10−4/sec at 2760°C lowers the ultimate strength from 77,100 psi to 25,900 psi, and the elongation from 53.5% to 3.8%. A similar effect is measured at 2480°C. At room temperature and 2200°C strength and ductility are unaffected by the strain-rate within the range studied. Hot working pyrolytic graphite approximately 20% at 2760°C increased the room temperature ultimate strength from 17,800 to 41,500 psi, and the 2200°C ultimate strength from 25,800 to 81,700 psi. Activation energies of 50 to 114 kcal/mol have been measured by the unispecimen and multispecimen creep methods.
An Equivalence between Wagering and Fair-Division Mechanisms

We draw a surprising and direct mathematical equivalence between the class of allocation mechanisms for divisible goods studied in the context of fair division and the class of weakly budget-balanced wagering mechanisms designed for eliciting probabilities. The equivalence rests on the intuition that wagering is an allocation of financial securities among bettors, with a bettor’s value for each security proportional to her belief about the likelihood of a future event. The equivalence leads to theoretical advances and new practical approaches for both fair division and wagering. Known wagering mechanisms based on proper scoring rules yield fair allocation mechanisms with desirable properties, including the first strictly incentive compatible fair-division mechanism. At the same time, allocation mechanisms make for novel wagering rules, including one that requires only ordinal uncertainty judgments and one that outperforms existing rules in a range of simulations.
Leverage and Performance Metrics in Asset Pricing

Commonly used performance metrics calculated from tradable long-short strategies constructed using leverage lead to specious conclusions of statistical significance. In particular, even if assets are randomly assigned to the levered strategies' long and short portfolios, too often they generate high Sharpe Ratios and statistically significant CAPM, Carhart, and Fama-French Five Factor alphas. I call this finding the mechanical effect of leverage on performance metrics and suggest various diagnostic tests to control for this effect when testing levered strategies.
Detection and quantification of 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB) from smoker albumin and its potential as a surrogate biomarker of tobacco-specific nitrosamines exposure and bioactivation.

Abstract 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) and N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), two tobacco specific nitrosamine carcinogens, can form adducts with DNA and proteins via pyridyloxobutylation upon phase I enzyme-mediated bioactivation. Such DNA modifications have been proposed as the root cause to initiate carcinogenesis. Upon hydrolysis, both DNA and protein modifications would release 4-hydroxy-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (HPB). The released HPB, being tobacco carcinogen specific, has the potential to serve as a surrogate biomarker for both tobacco exposure and carcinogen bioactivation. Because of its easy access, blood is a great source of such investigations with the potential in epidemiological application. HPB quantification from haemoglobin (Hb), however, has been demonstrated with limited success. To further explore this potentially paradigm-shift opportunity, we reported, for the first time, the detection and quantification of HPB from albumin (Alb) adducts formed by the tobacco-specific nitrosamines in mice and in human smokers. The time-course quantitative analysis of HPB from mouse Alb upon NNK exposure suggests that such an Alb adduct is stable. The amounts of HPB from Alb adducts in smoker plasma averaged 1.82 ± 0.19 pg/mg Alb (0.42 to 3.11 pg/mg Alb), which was 36 times the value in nonsmokers (0.05 ± 0.01 pg/mg Alb). Importantly, HPB level from Alb correlated positively with the level of human tobacco exposure estimated by urinary total nicotine equivalent (TNE) (R2 = 0.6170). For comparison, HPB level from Alb was 16.5 times that of Hb (0.12 ± 0.02 pg/mg Hb) in the plasma and red blood cell (RBC) samples of the same smokers. In addition, there was no significant correlation between HPB levels from Hb and TNE (R2 = 0.0719). These data overall suggest that HPB from Alb adducts can serve as a surrogate biomarker to monitor the level of tobacco exposure and carcinogenic nitrosamine bioactivation.
Endoscopic full thickness resection versus submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection for removal of submucosal tumors: a review article

Submucosal tumors (SMT) are protuberant lesions with intact mucosa that have a wide differential. These lesions may be removed by standard polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), or surgically. However, in lesions that arise from the muscularis propria, full thickness resection is recommended. This can be completed using either endoscopic full thickness resection (EFTR) or submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection (STER). EFTR can be accomplished by completing a full thickness resection followed by defect closure or by securing gastrointestinal wall patency before resection. STER is an option that first creates a mucosal dissection proximal to the lesion to allow a submucosal tunnel to be created. Using this tunnel, the lesion may be resected. When comparing STER to EFTR, there was no significant difference when evaluating tumor size, operation time, rate of complications, or en bloc resection rate. However, suture time, amount of clips used, and overall hospital stay were decreased in STER. With these differences, EFTR may be more efficacious in certain parts of the gastrointestinal tract where a submucosal tunnel is harder to accomplish.
Effect of Red Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Consumption With or Without Fructo-Oligosaccharide on Metabolic Indices: A Single-Blinded Randomized, Crossover Clinical Trial (OR29-03-19)

Red raspberries (RRB) contain a unique polyphenol profile associated with cardio-metabolic benefits. Fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), as prebiotics, present an approach to augment the cardio-metabolic benefits of RRB through their known effects in modifying the gut microbiota composition. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of RRB intake with or without FOS on glucose and insulin responses and fasting lipid profile in insulin-resistant (IR) (n = 20) and metabolically healthy reference (R) adults (n = 11) in a single-blinded, randomized, 12-week crossover clinical trial. In this crossover study, after one-week run-in, subjects consumed RRB (1 cup RRB equivalence) or RRB + FOS (1 cup RRB equivalence with 8 g FOS) for 4 weeks in random order separated by 4-week washout between supplementation periods. Before and after each supplementation period, glucose and insulin responses were assessed by 2-h postprandial glycemic challenge with RRB (75 g glucose equivalence) and the plasma lipid profile characterized (total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and triglycerides (TG)). IR group had significantly elevated fasting and postprandial glucose and insulin, and higher fasting TG and lower HDL compared to R at baseline (0-week) (P ≤ 0.05); no differences in TC and LDL between groups (P > 0.05). After 4-week intervention, RRB decreased TC and LDL of IR group from baseline by 7% (P = 0.024) and 9% (P = 0.007), respectively, whereas adding FOS significantly attenuated the lipid-lowering effect of RRB. Alternatively, addingFOS to RRB augmented RRB effect on glycemic variables: 4-week intake of RRB + FOS significantly decreased 30 min incremental areas under curve (iAUC 0–30) of IR group for glucose and insulin from baseline by 20% (P = 0.014) and 18% (P = 0.012), respectively. 4-week RRB intervention improves glycemic and lipid profiles in people with IR. Adding FOS to RRB supplement enhanced the glycemic benefits, but attenuated the lipid-lowering effect of RRB. This work was supported by the National Processed Raspberry Council.
Comparison of three fixation techniques for arcuate fractures.

Abstract Purpose Proximal fibula avulsion fractures, or “arcuate fractures”, are an often discussed but poorly defined injury pattern which represent a destabilizing injury to the posterolateral corner of the knee. Historical and recent literature discussing reconstruction and repair techniques exist, but there has been little biomechanical evaluation of repair techniques. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the strength of three type of fixation techniques for arcuate fractures: bone tunnels, a screw and washer, and a novel suture anchor technique. Methods A laboratory model of the arcuate fracture pattern was developed. This was used to create an arcuate fracture in 24 cadaveric specimens. Knees were randomized into fixation with either suture tunnel (ST), screw and washer (SW), or suture anchor (SA) repair. A previously published model for inducing varus stress was applied and a MTS testing system was used to assess fixation ultimate and yield strength. Results Fibular fracture occurred during the fixation of one specimen from the ST group and one from the SA group. Analysis of the remaining 22 specimens revealed a mean ultimate strength of 2422.48 N for the ST group, 2271.78 for SW, and 3041.66 for SA (p = 0.390). Yield strengths were 2065.28 for ST, 1882.43 for SW, and 2871.92 for SA (p = 0.224). Analyses of stiffness and total energy applied were not statistically different (p = 0.111 and 0.601, respectively). Conclusion Biomechanical analysis of three types of arcuate fragment fixation revealed robust fixation among all methods, supporting surgeon preference for fixation. Fixation may depend on the size of bony fragment and whether or not the injury is a bony or soft tissue injury.
Transformational Post-Secularism: An Overlooked Strand of Thought

This article identifies an overlooked strand of post-secular thought, which I call "transformational." Transformational post-secularism differs from other prominent post-secularisms by envisioning the emergence of a new socio-spiritual order that transcends modern secularism without abandoning its commitment to diversity. This article clarifies the main features of transformational post-secularism and identifies the historical context in which it arose. As part of this analysis, I argue that, contrary to Khaled Furani's claim that post-secular discourse arose in the late 1990s, it actually began in the 1950s as part of a wider "crisis of man" debate. I also suggest that the axial age discourse, which crystallized at the same time and has gained significant influence in recent years, constitutes a main arena in which transformational post-secular thinking has, over the last seven decades, evolved. I conclude by considering the plausibility and potential applications of the idea of transformational post-secularism, which includes responding to Mahmood's and Furani's suggestion that scholars drop the term "post-secular" from their lexicon.
Electrowetting-Based Coalescence of Droplets During Dropwise Condensation of Humid Air

Dropwise condensation yields higher heat transfer coefficients by avoiding the thermal resistance of the condensate film, seen during filmwise condensation. This work explores further enhancement of dropwise condensation heat transfer through the use of electrowetting to achieve faster droplet growth via coalescence of the condensed droplets. Electrowetting is a well understood microfluidic technique to actuate and control droplets. This work shows that AC electric fields can significantly enhance droplet growth dynamics. This enhancement is a result of coalescence triggered by various types of droplet motion (translation of droplets, oscillations of three phase line), which in turn depends on the frequency of the applied AC waveform. The applied electric field modifies droplet condensation patterns as well as the roll-off dynamics on the surface. Experiments are conducted to study early-stage droplet growth dynamics, as well as steady state condensation rates under the influence of electric fields. It is noted that this study deals with condensation of humid air, and not pure steam. Results show that increasing the voltage magnitude and frequency increases droplet growth rate and overall condensation rate. Overall, this study reports more than a 30 % enhancement in condensation rate resulting from the applied electric field, which highlights the potential of this concept for condensation heat transfer enhancement.
Life, Love, Hope, Faith, and Death-Too Complex for Likert

More research to examine factors contributing to health-care disparities at the end of life is greatly needed. This article outlines a failed attempt to quantify some of the motivators in medical decision-making for African American families faced with a decision to pursue or forego a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in a loved one at the end of life. It explores the complexities of spirituality, history, culture, and death in our patient population in Charleston, South Carolina, where health-care disparities are well-documented, and distrust has deep historical roots. It outlines the need for qualitative research, where the defining role of the researcher is to practice the paramount palliative skill of listening.
Why ionizing radiation enhances surface wettability

Abstract Radiation-Induced Surface Activation is an inherent phenomenon where surfaces that are exposed to gamma irradiation are observed to undergo an increase in wettability. This increase in wettability as a result of the ionizing radiation exposure has so far been demonstrated to have a pronounced impact on Leidenfrost temperature and two-phase fluid dynamics. Test results from previous experiments have shown that incorporation of this effect on heat transfer equipment design may increase the thermal-hydraulic margin leading to higher thermal efficiency. However, the mechanism behind the increased wettability is not clearly understood. In the present work, three different materials (Zircaloy-4, 316 stainless steel, and copper) were exposed at two different dose rates with use of two different gamma irradiation facilities. A detailed surface characterization on the post-irradiated samples is carried out to understand the changes in surface chemistry, wettability and surface morphology. It is observed from the experiments that the increase in wettability upon irradiation depended on the total dose and not on the dose rate. Moreover, localized oxidation and porosity induced by radiolysis was seen to be the predominant mechanism behind increased wettability which leads to improved Leidenfrost temperature.