cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus-infected cell protein 0 blocks the silencing of viral DNA by dissociating histone deacetylases from the CoREST REST complex

A preeminent phenotype of the infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is that it acts as a promiscuous transactivator. In most cell lines exposed to ΔICP0 mutant virus at low ratios of virus per cell infection, α genes are expressed but the transition to β and γ gene expression does not ensue, but can be enhanced by inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs). Earlier studies have shown that ICP0 interacts with CoREST and displaces HDAC1 from the CoREST–REST–HDAC1/2 complex. HDAC1 and CoREST are then independently translocated to the cytoplasm. Here, we test the hypothesis that ICP0 blocks the silencing of HSV DNA by displacing HDAC1 from the CoREST–REST complex. Specifically, first, mapping studies led us to construct a truncated CoREST (CoREST146–482) that in transfected cells displaced HDAC1 from the CoREST–REST complex. Second, we constructed two viruses. In BACs encoding the entire HSV-1, we replaced the gene encoding ICP0 with AmpR to yield a ΔICP0 mutant R8501. We also replaced ICP0 with CoREST146–482 to yield recombinant R8502. The yield of R8502 mutant virus in Vero, HEp-2, and human embryonic lung cells exposed to 0.1 pfu of virus per cell was 100-, 10-, and 10-fold higher, respectively, than those of R8501 mutant virus. In Vero cells, the yield of R8502 was identical with that of wild-type virus. We conclude that CoREST146–482 functionally replaced ICP0 and that, by extension, ICP0 acts to block the silencing of viral DNA by displacing HDAC1/2 from the CoREST–REST complex.
Parametric study on the use of Hoberman mechanisms for reconfigurable antenna and solar arrays

One of the primary concerns associated with the design of small satellites is achieving power capacities sufficient to support payload and mission operations while simultaneously retaining communications capabilities. Furthermore, small satellites must be able to easily transform from their tightly stowed configurations to their fully operational mode. To address these concerns, this paper presents the theoretical modeling and analysis of a class of foldable mechanisms, based on the Hoberman mechanism's kinematic theory, and their parametric coupling with the system parameters of both an antenna array and a solar array. The resulting models provide viable solar array and antenna array designs to generate power and communications capabilities on small satellites.12
Immunoperoxidase localization of glial fibrillary acidic protein in radial glial cells and astrocytes of the developing rhesus monkey brain

Peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) immunohistochemical staining, utilizing a specific antibody to the glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFA), was employed to analyze gliogenesis in the central nervous system of rhesus monkeys ranging in age from embryonic day 38 (E38) to birth (E165) and through the second postnatal month. All major subdivisions of the brain contain glial cells, recognized by the presence of dark brown horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reaction product. Neuronal elements are not stained with this immunocytochemical technique. The first class of glial cells to appear during development are the radial glial cells; the radial fibers fan out from the ventricular and subventricular zones, where their cell bodies reside, to the pial surface where they terminate with conical endfeet. These glial cells appear within the first third of gestation, being present in the spinal cord and brainstem by E41; in the diencephalon by E45; and in the telencephalon and cerebellum by E47. The next class of glia to appear is the Bergmann glial cell of the cerebellar cortex, which can be stained by E54. Bergmann glial cells located below the Purkinje cell layer issue parallel processes which extend up to the pial surface. Within each major subdivision of the brain, massive numbers of elongated glial fibers continually alter their distinctive patterns to maintain constant ventricular-pial surface relationships during the major tectogenetic changes which occur throughout embryonic development. In Nissl-counterstained sections columns of migrating neurons are observed juxtaposed to GFA-positive radial and Bergmann glial fibers. Radial glial cells assume a variety of transitional forms during the process of their transformation into maturea astrocytes. This transformation occurs in each structure at specific embryonic ages and is initiated after neuronal migration has begun to subside. The number of astroglial cells increases at an accelerated pace after neurogenesis is complete. The immunohistochemical localization of radial fibers at relatively early stages of embryonic development indicates that glial cells are present concomitantly with neurons, raising the possibility that at least two distinct populations of cell precursors compose the proliferative zones. Furthermore, the demonstration of large numbers of radial glial cells in all brain regions during the peak of neuronal migration and a close structural relationship between elongated glial fibers and migrating neurons support the concept that glia play a significant role in the guidance and compartmentalization of neuronal elements during development.
Post glacial lithospheric flexure and induced stresses and pore pressure changes in the northern North Sea

Abstract We have compiled data on the least principal stress, overburden, pore pressure and stress orientation for 92 wells in the northern North Sea. These data show that the least principal stress is close to the overburden in the Tampen Spur indicating high horizontal stress in this area. Closer to the coast, i.e. east of the Viking Graben the least principal stress drops significantly. Along with this spatial change in stress magnitudes, the orientation of the maximum horizontal stress rotates from ≈100° in the Tampen Spur to ≈80° around block 35/9. Analytical and numerical models of plate flexure suggest that these observed lateral stress variations are the result of deglaciation, superimposed on a regional stress field dominated by ridge push. The pore pressure in the northern North Sea roughly follows the stress trend, i.e. high overpressures where horizontal stresses are high (Tampen Spur) and close to hydrostatic pore pressures east of the Viking Graben where stresses are decreased. This close relationship of pore pressure and horizontal stress suggests that they have the same source. We have modeled the pore pressure change expected from the poroelastic response to deglaciation. The results show that strong overpressures in the Tampen Spur appear to be caused only partly by deglaciation and flexure. Other sources of overpressure, such as compaction disequilibrium also play an important role.
Three-dimensional numerical modeling of the transient fluid-structural interaction response of tidal turbines

The objective of this work is to develop and validate a coupled boundary element method-finite element method to simulate the transient fluid-structure interaction response of tidal turbines subject to spatially varying inflow. The focus is on tidal turbines, although the methodology is also applicable for the analysis and design of wind turbines. An overview of the formulation for both the fluid and solid domains, and the fluid-structure interaction algorithms, is presented. The model is validated by comparing the predicted thrust and power measurements, as well as cavitation patterns, with experimental measurements and observations for an 800 mm marine current turbine presented in the work of Bahaj et al. (2007, "Power and Thrust Measurements of Marine Current Turbines Under Various Hydrodynamic Flow Conditions in a Cavitation Tunnel and a Towing Tank, " Renewable Energy, 32, pp. 407-426). Additional numerical results are shown for the same turbine, but scaled up to 20 m in diameter, operating in a tidal boundary layer flow with a water depth of 30 m. The results show that transient cavitation will develop near the blade tip when the blades are near the free surface at highly-loaded off-design conditions, and the blades will undergo excessive deformation because of the high fluid loading and slender blade profile. The results also show that the natural frequencies of the blades are significantly reduced when operating in water, as compared with when operating in air, because of added-mass effects. In addition to demonstrating the need for proper consideration for fluid cavitation and structural response, current design challenges for both wind and tidal turbines are discussed.
Electrostatic modulation of anisotropic magnetotransport in Ar + -irradiated SrTiO 3 : Effects of boundary scattering

We present low temperature, magnetotransport measurements on a quasi-two-dimensional electron gas created by Ar${}^{+}$-irradiation of SrTiO${}_{3}$. We observe negative (positive) magnetoresistance for fields applied in (out of) the plane of the electron gas. By modulating the mobility $\ensuremath{\mu}$ of the electron gas through an electrostatic field, we find the in-plane magnetoresistance is a function of the cyclotron frequency. The negative in-plane magnetoresistance can be explained by a drop in boundary scattering, which occurs as the cyclotron orbits become smaller than the finite thickness of the electron gas. These results elucidate the critical role boundary scattering plays in the magnetotransport of quasi-two-dimensional electron gases. The implications of these results on recent magnetotransport measurements of LaAlO${}_{3}$/SrTiO${}_{3}$ samples are discussed.
Empowering Students Through Critical Media Literacy: This Means War

Abstract Media messages are increasingly packaged in ways that blur distinctions between genres. The U.S. Army National Guard's recent campaign incorporating rock stars and popular music to appeal to potential recruits exemplifies this trend, as commercials and music videos become one and the same. Given this increasing trend, critical media literacy education is imperative. This article posits that by introducing the meta-language for discussing media and providing a protocol for exploring the mode, audience, purpose, and situation of media messages, teachers are preparing students to autonomously read media through a critical lens.
Excessive helper T-cell function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Correlation with disease activity☆

Abstract Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with idiopthic pulmonary fibrosis and matched normal controls were examined for their helper function in an in vitro antibody synthesis assay. This assay measures the dose-related T-cell regulation of antibody production by B cells in the presence of pokeweed mitogen. Eight patients of 14 expressed significantly increased helper T-cell activity, three exhibited no change, and three had depressed helper T-cell function. All of the patients with excessive helper T-cell function had an active neutrophilic alveolitis as determined by bronchoalveolar lavage on the day of study. Five of the 14 patients studied were determined to have a low percentage of neutrophils (
The reaction 6 Li(d, nγ) 7 Be and the energy loss of low energy deuterons in matter

Thick target yields for the reaction 6Li(d, nγ)7 Be have been measured using LiF and LiCl targets at deuteron bombarding energies between 48 and 170 keV. Assuming recently published values for the stopping powers of deuterons in Li and F, the LiF thick target yields were used to deduce the total cross section for the reaction, 6Li(d, nγ)7 Be. The cross section varies from about 0.3 mb at 160 keV to about .004 mb at 60 keV. A comparison between the yields measured used the LiF and LiCl targets allowed a measurement of the relative stopping powers of deuterons in F and Cl. A significant discrepancy is observed between our measured values of the relative stopping powers and the predicted value of the relative stopping powers based on recently published values.
Scale-independent fluctuations of spin stiffness in the Heisenberg model and its relationship to universal conductance fluctuations.

It is shown that, at low temperatures, the absolute thermal fluctuations of the spin-stiffness constant in the classical Heisenberg model are independent of the scale L for d4, if L is larger than the lattice spacing but smaller than the correlation length, while the relative fluctuation is proportional to ${\mathit{L}}^{4\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2\mathit{d}}$, where d is the dimensionality, and is thus scale independent in d=2 (with logarithmic corrections). The phenomenon is strikingly similar to the universal conductance fluctuations known for the problem of an electron in a random potential.
Reduction of sweetness judgements by extracts from the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba

Abstract Human judgments of the sweetness of sucrose solutions were significantly reduced by an aqueous-alcohol extract from the leaves of the rhamnaced tree, Ziziphus jujuba, but were not changed in quality category. Both water soluble and water insoluble portions were taste-active. Fractionation of the water soluble portion of the extract by solvent partition yielded an active fraction with saponin properties. Ziziphus jujuba contains a taste modifier which can be used as a tool in taste research.
The autonomy of functional biology: a reply to Rosenberg

Rosenberg has recently argued that explanations supplied by (what he calls) “functional biology” are mere promissory notes for macromolecular adaptive explanations. Rosenberg's arguments currently constitute one of the most substantial challenges to the autonomy, irreducibility, and indispensability of the explanations supplied by functional biology. My responses to Rosenberg's arguments will generate a novel account of the autonomy of functional biology. This account will turn on the relations between counterfactuals, scientific explanations, and natural laws. Crucially, in their treatment of the laws' relation to counterfactuals, Rosenberg's arguments beg the question against the autonomy of functional biology. This relation is considerably more subtle than is suggested by familiar slogans such as “Laws support counterfactuals; accidents don't.”
Equi-Noise: A Statistical Model That Combines Embedded Memory Failures and Channel Noise

This paper exploits the predominance of embedded memories in current and emerging wireless transceivers as a means to save power via channel state aware voltage scaling. The paper presents a statistical model that captures errors in embedded memories due to voltage over-scaling and maps the errors to a Gaussian distribution that represents a combination of communication channel noise and hardware noise. Designers can use the proposed model to investigate different power management policies, that capture the performance of the system as a function of both channel and hardware dynamics, thus creating a much richer design space of power, performance and reliability. A case study of a DVB receiver is presented and the validity of the proposed model is confirmed by simulations.
High-temperature calorimetric study of glass-forming fluorozirconates

Abstract Using high temperature calorimetric techniques, enthalpies of mixing of melts, enthalpies of formation of glasses and enthalpies of formation of crystals have been measured in binary systems ZrF4-BaF2, ZrF4-NaF, ZrF4-LaF3 and selected compositions in the system ZrF4-BaF2-LaF3-AlF3-NaF. The system ZrF4-LaF3 shows essentially zero enthalpies of mixing of melts. In the other systems, there are strongly exothermic enthalpies of mixing. In the binary systems ZrF4-BaF2 and ZrF4-NaF, the enthalpy of mixing of melts and the enthalpy of formation of crystals show minima at the same compositions, Ba2ZrF8 and Na3ZrF7, respectively, indicating the stoichiometric complexes ZrF84− and ZrF73−. These results are discussed in relation to energetics, structure, speciation and acid-base chemistry and suggest the following: ZrF4, LaF3 and AlF3 are anionic complex-formers, while BaF2 and NaF are ionized in the molten state. The coordination number of the zirconium fluoride anionic complex varies with the amount of alkali or alkaline earth fluoride. A model is proposed in which glass-forming melts are dominated by ZrF5− species and lie near deep eutectics. Therefore, glass formation in fluorozirconates involves a substantial structural change, which is dominated by short-range atomic arrangements, from the melt with predominantly ZrF5− to the glass where zirconium is 7 or 8 coordinated by fluorine.
The effects of 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) on the ERG and ganglion cell discharge of rabbit retina

Perfusion of 100 microM 2-amino-4-phosphonobutyric acid (APB) into the in vivo rabbit eye-cup selectively and reversibly blocked the b-wave of the ERG and all On responses from retinal ganglion cells. In contrast, Off responses were occasionally enhanced, sometimes dramatically. The antagonistic surround inputs to Off ganglion cells, identified by their latency to light stimulation and magnesium sensitivity, were unchanged by APB. These observations suggest that APB selectively blocks depolarizing bipolar cells in rabbit retina in close agreement with the results of Slaughter and Miller (1981) from mudpuppy retina. We conclude that APB may be useful as a pharmacological tool to differentiate On and Off pathways in the rabbit visual system.
Juvenile hyaline fibromatosis of the hand in an adult

the literature since his original description. 1-s In the case presented here, a non-Hodgkin’s IU1 T-cell lymphoma is documented. This case has several unique aspects: (1) The tumor growth was aggressive. (2) Distal extremity involvement is rare. In fact, no prior forearm presentations could be located in the literature. (3) This is the youngest patient in whom extranodal primary skeletal muscle infiltration has been reported. (4) Despite complex radiographic analysis (magnetic resonance imaging), muscular infiltration is difficult to assess. No discrete mass was identified. Plain x-ray films are frequently nonspecific or normal.‘-5 Cytochemistry and immunohistochemistry studies are essential for the diagnosis of extranodal lymphoma. Differentiation between carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma by light microscopy alone is not reliable. Treatment is still controversial. Type and staging are critical to therapeutic options. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy should be first-line treatment. Decompressive fasciotomies forced operative therapy in the case presented here. Loss of function, nerve exposure, tissue and scar contracture, proximal tumor extension, early need to begin chemotherapy, and the fact that the patient was a poor candidate for reconstruction/rehabilitation prompted selection of above-elbow amputation over attempts at reconstruction. Earlier presentation and identification of the lymphoma by soft tissue biopsy would have allowed management with systemic therapy alone. Oncologic suspicions must be included in the differential diagnosis. Muscle debulking should not be performed routinely. A heightened awareness is necessary when one is dealing with muscular infiltration to the upper extremity.
Universal Size Effect Law and Effect of Crack Depth on Quasi-Brittle Structure Strength

In cohesive fracture of quasi-brittle materials such as concrete, rock, fiber composites, tough ceramics, rigid foams, sea ice, and wood, one can distinguish six simple and easily modeled asymptotic cases: the asymptotic behaviors of very small and very large structures, structures failing at crack initiation from a smooth surface and those with a deep notch or preexisting deep crack, the purely statistical Weibull-type size effect, and the purely energetic (deterministic) size effect. Size effect laws governing the transition between some of these asymptotic cases have already been formulated. However, a general and smooth description of the complex transition between all of them has been lacking. Here, a smooth universal law bridging all of these asymptotic cases is derived and discussed. A special case of this law is a formula for the effect of notch or crack depth at fixed specimen size, which overcomes the limitations of a recently proposed empirical formula by Duan et al., 2003, 2004, 2006.
Mu and kappa opioid receptor expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus and effectiveness of selective antagonists on prolactin release during lactation

Endogenous opioid peptides are involved in prolactin release during lactation, in part by decreasing tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neuronal activity. Both mu (mu) and kappa (kappa) opioid receptors have a role in the suckling-induced prolactin rise after 4-5 h up deprivation. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of mu opioid receptor antagonist, beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA), and kappa opioid receptor antagonist, nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), on prolactin secretion and TIDA neuronal activity in lactating rats after 18 h pup deprivation. After 4 h separation from pups, the suckling-induced prolactin rise was abolished by 16 microg nor-BNI and 5 microg beta-FNA, coincident with increased dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC):dopamine ratio in the stalk-median eminence (SME). However, after 18 h pups separation, these same doses of nor-BNI and beta-FNA did not alter the prolactin surge or DOPAC:dopamine ratios in the SME. Higher doses of nor-BNI (32 microg) and beta-FNA (10 microg) were required to inhibit suckling-induced prolactin secretion. beta-FNA (10 microg) increased the DOPAC:dopamine ratio in the SME, whereas nor-BNI (32 microg) treatment had no effect. The mu and kappa opioid receptor mRNA levels in the mediobasal hypothalamus were similar to suckled control rats after 4 h pup deprivation, but increased 1.4-fold after 18 h pup deprivation. These data support involvement of endogenous opioidergic systems in the suckling-induced prolactin rise after a prolonged (18 h) period of pup deprivation, as well as the shorter (4 h) pup deprivation period previously reported. Suppression of TIDA neuronal activity likely played a part in mu opioid receptor input to the suckling-induced prolactin rise after both 4 h and 18 h separation, whereas non-dopaminergic input was implicated with kappa opioid receptors after 18 h pup deprivation. Increased mu and kappa opioid receptors gene expression in the mediobasal hypothalamus may contribute to reduced effectiveness of opioid receptor antagonists to block suckling-induced prolactin release after 18 h pup deprivation.
Femtosecond time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy of heme proteins

Ultra-fast pulsed laser measurements in the time domain have several advantages over traditional frequency-domain spectroscopy. For example, very low frequency modes are more easily probed, fluorescent samples can be studied and vibrational modes that are directly coupled to chemical reactions are revealed. This study demonstrated some of these advantages using heme protein samples. Low-frequency modes are observed in deoxymyoglobin (deoxyMb), fluorescence rejection is demonstrated with metMb and product-state vibrational coherence is revealed with MbNO.
FANFEEDS: evaluation of socially generated information feed on second screen as a TV show companion

In this paper, we describe the development and field trial of a second screen iTV experience called FanFeeds. FanFeeds is a second screen application that allows authoring and consumption of time synchronized secondary content around TV shows. FanFeeds are created by one's social circle as a companion experience to TV shows. For the purpose of concept evaluation, we ran a four-week field trial in 12 households consisting of 4 social groups of 3 friends. A total of 23 unique episodes of 12 different shows were watched while using our prototype. Overall feedback to our concept was mixed. Participants found some good motivations to use the system but they also found a number of concerns related to the nature of the shows they watched and the social dynamics with their friends. Participants revealed that our prototype allowed them to better connect with their TV shows and have an enriched social life around live as well as time-shifted TV content. Participants also described some concerns like distraction from TV show. We explore this contradiction in the paper, along with other valuable lessons we learned. We also report on the motivations that made participants create posts for one another and the different ways in which they used the information from the second screen.
Information literacy and Writing across the curriculum: sharing the vision

Points out the similarities and differences between library instruction and writing instruction in the higher education curriculum. Notes that information literacy librarians can learn from the experiences of composition instructors regarding curricular revision and reform. Suggests that one of the keys to information literacy reaching its potential is to find common ground with programs like Writing across the Curriculum.
Details of the 1988 AACD Ethical Standards.

The newest revisions of the American Association for Counseling and Development (AACD) Ethical Standards are discussed, section by section.
Finite-Energy Sum Rules and Fixed Poles for K + p Elastic Scattering

Assuming that exchange degeneracy is exact, the residue of the Pomeranchukon trajectory for ${K}^{+}p$ elastic scattering is calculated from finite-energy sum rules and the low-energy phase shifts. It is shown that in order to be consistent with some recent results on $s$-channel helicity conservation for Pomeranchukon-dominated processes, at least one fixed pole must be included in the $B$ amplitude, and in particular, this consistency is achieved by introducing a fixed pole at $J=0$.
Individual differences in the improvement in spectral shape discrimination due to increasing number of nonsignal tones

The effect of the number of nonsignal tones on the just‐discriminable difference in spectral shape was evaluated for 12 naive subjects. The signal was an intensity increment to the center tone of a multitone complex. The tones were spaced at equal frequency ratios and, except for the signal increment, were equal in level. The number of nonsignal tones ranged from 2 to 20. Consistent with previous studies using equally spaced components, group mean thresholds improved monotonically with increasing number of tones. Group mean thresholds improved about 8 dB over the range of reference spectra employed. Large differences were found across subjects in overall performance, and in the magnitude of the improvement with increasing number of nonsignal tones. The greatest intersubject variability was observed for the stimuli composed of the fewest components. It was concluded that the differences reported in the literature concerning the presence and magnitude of the improvement are due both to differences in the pr...
The Role of Reference Point in CEO Restricted Stock and Its Impact on R&D Intensity

Agency theory has focused on how absolute pay values align divergent interests of CEOs and shareholders. However, behavioral decision theory suggests that considering reference points in pay matter...
A Survey of Industry Advisory Board Operation and Effectiveness in Engineering Education

Voluntary boards composed primarily of industry practitioners who give aid and advice are almost universal in engineering education programs, though there has been little published research on this subject. Based on a survey of 90 engineering school directors and advisory board members, this research characterizes the operation, makeup, and effectiveness of advisory boards. The study shows that effective boards have a clear understanding of their role and limitations in influencing curriculum, encourage engagement with students, have formal procedures for involvement in ABET accreditation, and are well coordinated with the larger educational institution. Boards can be effective with or without involvement in fundraising, but it is essential that fundraising expectations be clearly understood and agreed upon by the school and the board. Boards composed largely of members with close ties to the institution, generally alumni, will be more engaged as advocates of the program and will contribute more financially.
“Been hit twice”: a novel bi-allelic heterozygous mutation in LHCGR

The pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormone receptors belong to the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily that contains seven transmembrane helices [1, 2]. Of these, the human luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) binds two structurally related hormones: luteinizing hormone (LH) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), derived respectively from pituitary gonadotropes and placental syncytial trophoblasts [1, 2]. In the male LHCGRs are expressed primarily on Leydig cells, although their expression in prostate/prostate cell lines has also been reported [1–6]. In the female, LHCGRs are expressed on ovarian granulosa and thecal cells and regulate ovulation, corpus luteum function, and maintenance of pregnancy [1, 2, 7, 8]. Several studies indicate that LHCGRs are also expressed on various non-gonadal human tissues including the female reproductive tract [1, 2, 7–11]. Stimulation of LHCGRs by LH/hCG ligands results in cAMP production and steroidogenesis depending on cell type, ovary developmental stage and physiological context [7, 8, 12]. Various other intracellular signaling pathways are also affected, although much less is clear regarding their in vivo significance [7, 8]. In the adult female, signaling via LHCGRs is primarily required for ovulation. LHCGRs are under a tightly regulated ligand-mediated desensitization pathway that involves an LH receptor binding protein whose molecular identity, mechanism of action and regulation have been extensively studied in recent years [13–15]. A single gene designated LHCGR encodes the LHCGR that is essential for normal gonadal and reproductive function in both sexes [8, 13, 16, 17]. Although initially considered rare, in the past two decades, various mutations and polymorphisms have been identified in the human LHCGR (located on chromosome 2) that consists of 11 exons and 10 introns [18–23]. These include unique SNPs, or deletions, or point mutations identified throughout the LHCGR resulting in a spectrum of fertility/infertility phenotypes including sex reversal [18–23]. In this issue of JARG, Mitri et al., report a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the LHCGR and present interesting clinical phenotypes that manifest in the affected female patient (Mitri et al., A novel compound heterozygous mutation of the luteinizing hormone receptor: implications for fertility, doi:10.1007/s10815-014-0249-5).
Thermophysical properties of coexistent phases of plutonium

Plutonium is the element with the greatest number of allotropic phases. Thermally induced transformations between these phases are typically characterized by thermal hysteresis and incomplete phase reversion. With Ga substitutional in the lattice, low symmetry phases are replaced by a higher symmetry phase. However, the low temperature martensitic phase transformation (δ→α') in Ga stabilized δ-phase Pu is characterized by a region of thermal hysteresis which can reach 200°C in extent. These regions of thermal hysteresis offer a unique opportunity to study thermodynamics in inhomogeneous systems of coexistent phases. The results of thermophysical properties measured for samples of inhomogeneous unalloyed and Ga alloyed Pu will be discussed and compared with similar measurements of their single phase constituents.
Performance improvement methods for DECT and other non-coherent GMSK systems

A simple and low cost configuration, fourth-order premodulation Gaussian LPF (GLPF) paired with fourth-order postdiscriminator Butterworth LPF (BLPF), is demonstrated to yield robust performance in GMSK systems. Frequency drift of voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and IC-type mismatch will cause DC-offset during noncoherent demodulation. A DC-offset compensation technique based on the decision detection concept is investigated. By using this method, 40% and 80% of DC-offset is compensated within 0.5 dB of BER performance degradation. The use of a pseudo error monitor for DC-offset compensation is also proposed. >
The moderating effect of goal-setting characteristics on the sales control systems--job performance relationship.

Abstract There have been no consistent findings with regard to the relationships between sales control systems and job performance. The authors propose a contingency model in which the effects of sales control systems on job performance are moderated by goal-setting characteristics (goal difficulty, goal specificity, and goal participation). They empirically test the model using two studies conducted in the United States and China, respectively. The findings suggest the need for considering goal-setting characteristics when one attempts to link sales control systems to salesperson's job performance. Managerial and research implications are offered at the conclusion of the paper.
Impact of low-k moisture absorption during queue-time on Cu-alloy/low-k reliability and its suppression

The moisture absorption impacts on electromigration (EM) and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) were investigated in Cu alloy/low-k interconnects. A long queue time (Q-time) has a serious impact on kinetics of both EM and TDDB characteristics. The moisture absorption causes the loss of alloy effects on EM lifetime improvements. The ultra-thin SiN (UT-SiN) remarkably suppresses the moisture absorption impacts due to Q-time. It also improves kinetics degradations of EM and TDDB that depend on the moisture absorption to low-k.
Forensic Environmental Chemistry

Summary Forensic environmental chemistry involves the use of trace chemicaltechniques for investigating environmental spills in an effort to determine civilor criminal liability. The ﬁeld can be broken down into two broad areas basedon the techniques used to determine liability: chemical ﬁngerprinting and spatialassociation. In chemical ﬁngerprinting, complex mixtures of chemicals or chemicalisotopes are used to associate a spill or environmental release with a source. Inspatial association, geographical information systems and geochemical techniquesare used to attribute the location of a contaminant with a possible source in physicalspace. 1.1 Introduction 21.2 Chemical fingerprinting 41.2.1 Hydrocarbon mixtures 41.2.2 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons 61.2.3 Biomarkers 111.2.4 Additives 111.2.5 Isotopes 121.2.6 Tracers 131.2.7 Methods of detection 161.2.8 Weathering 181.3 Spatial association of environmental incidents 18References 20 Forensic Chemistry Handbook , First Edition. Edited by Lawrence Kobilinsky.© 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Published 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Revisiting Personnel Utilization in Inclusion-Oriented Schools:

Implementing research-based curricula and instruction in inclusion-oriented schools is helped or hindered by having coherent models of service delivery accounting for the full range of student diversity. The current investigation offers data from 174 participants in 32 schools, analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and hierarchical linear modeling (HLM). The findings offer replication of special education service delivery data from an earlier study, new descriptive data, and HLM analyses that identify special educator school density (the number of special educator full-time equivalents to total school population) and individual special educators’ Individualized Education Program (IEP) caseload size as variables predictive of special educators’ ratings of the conduciveness of their working conditions to providing effective special education for students on IEPs.
A Fast Reroute Scheme for IP Multicast

We propose a fast reroute scheme for the single link failure protection of IP multicast network. A multicast network connects nodes as a spanning tree, which is vulnerable to link failures. Our scheme uses ring topologies to ensure a backup path always exists to any single link failure and only a few nodes in the neighborhood of the failed link have to react to the failure. Compare to other solutions, we have four advantages: (1) The multicast tree can be arbitrary. (2) There is only a minimal disruption and there would be no packet loss. (3) Failure protection is available to a wider set of network topologies. (4) Only a small number of multicast nodes are involved and the number of spare links used are also small.
ER Contact Sites Define the Position and Timing of Endosome Fission

Summary Endocytic cargo and Rab GTPases are segregated to distinct domains of an endosome. These domains maintain their identity until they undergo fission to traffic cargo. It is not fully understood how segregation of cargo or Rab proteins is maintained along the continuous endosomal membrane or what machinery is required for fission. Endosomes form contact sites with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that are maintained during trafficking. Here, we show that stable contacts form between the ER and endosome at constricted sorting domains, and free diffusion of cargo is limited at these positions. We demonstrate that the site of constriction and fission for early and late endosomes is spatially and temporally linked to contact sites with the ER. Lastly, we show that altering ER structure and dynamics reduces the efficiency of endosome fission. Together, these data reveal a surprising role for ER contact in defining the timing and position of endosome fission. PaperFlick
Optimal soccer strategies.

This paper examines soccer teams' strategic choices about the extent of offense/defense to adopt in competing with other teams. The sample is European Champions League group stage matches played between 1997–1998 and 2009–2010. We begin by developing a characterization of teams' strategies (extent of offense or defense) using principal component analysis. This is used to estimate the relationship between a team's probabilities of scoring and conceding goals and its chosen strategy. Knowing that relationship, it is then possible to derive a team's optimal strategy, and to study how this varies in different situations (such as playing at home or away). A comparison between optimal and actual strategy reveals that teams appear to adopt more defensive strategies than is optimal. A notable feature of our study is that we model a team as choosing a strategy at the start of each match and also at half time, thereby incorporating a dynamic element. (JEL C23, C72, L83, Z00)
Instrumental Technique in X-Ray Astronomy

A detailed review of the development of instruments for X-ray astronomy is given with major emphasis on nonfocusing high-sensitivity counter techniques used to detect cosmic photons in the energy range between 0.20 and 300 keV. The present status of X-ray astronomy is summarized together with significant results of the Uhuru observations, and photon interactions of importance for the detection of X-rays in space are noted. The three principal devices used in X-ray astronomy (proportional, scintillation, and solid-state counters) are described in detail, data-processing systems for these devices are briefly discussed, and the statistics of nuclear counting as applied to X-ray astronomy is outlined analytically. Effects of the near-earth X-ray environment and atmospheric gamma-ray production on X-ray detection by low-orbit satellites are considered. Several contemporary instruments are described (proportional-counter systems, scintillation-counter telescopes, modulation collimators), and X-ray astronomical satellite missions are tabulated.
Electronic Excitations in Pyrrole: A Test Case for Determination of Chromophores in the Chromogenic Effects of Neurotoxic Hydrocarbons by Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory and Single-Excitation Configuration Interaction Methods

Abstract Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and single-excitation configuration interaction (CIS) calculations on the electronic excitations in pyrrole have been performed to examine the reliability of these first-principles electronic structure methods in predicting electronic excitation spectraof pyrrole-containing compounds. Both the TD-DFT and CIS calculations led to satisfactory results when compared to available experimental data, particularly for low-lying excited states. The TD-DFT and CIS calculations provide lower and upper limits of the excitation energies, respectively, for low-lying singlet excited states. These results suggest that these methods can be used for the prediction of the excitation spectra, particularly the excitation energies for low-lying excited states, of chromophores responsible for the chromogenic effects of neurotoxic hydrocarbons, which are believed to be substituted pyrroles and their adducts with proteins. As an example of a practical application, the spectrum of the widely used 2,5-dimethylpyrrole has been calculated. It is shown that the 2,5-dimethylpyrrole molecule does not have an absorption in the region of the visible spectrum (400–700 nm), suggesting that the absorption observed at 530 nm and the color of 2,5-dimethylpyrrole is due to another species, probably a product of possible 2,5-dimethylpyrrole autoxidation. This suggests that the conclusions from previously reported experimental studies of biochemical reactions of neurotoxic γ-diketones need to be reexamined in terms of the relationship of chromogenicity to neurotoxicity.
Homicidal Wives A Profile

The population of 56 women arrested in Detroit, Michigan, for killing their husbands during 1982 and 1983 is described in the context of their killings. Descriptions include the demographic and social characteristics of offenders and victims and the circumstances of the offenses. Where feasible, comparisons are made with general populations of homicide offenders.
The Externalities of Civil Strife: Refugees as a Source of International Conflict

Domestic strife and civil war frequently produce large population dislocations and refugee flows across national boundaries. Mass refugee flows often entail negative consequences for receiving states, particularly in developing countries. Moreover, civil violence frequently extends across national boundaries as "internal" conflicts are not constrained by borders. This article argues that refugee flows between states significantly increase the likelihood of militarized interstate disputes (MIDs) in that dyad. Refugee‐receiving states are more likely to initiate MIDs as they intervene to prevent further externalities, and refugee‐sending states initiate MIDs as they violate borders in pursuit of dissidents. Moreover, this research challenges conventional theories of international conflict that focus exclusively on distributional bargains between states. These propositions are tested in a quantitative analysis of the relationship between refugees and MID initiation, 1955–2000. Results confirm that refugees significantly increase the probability of international conflict.
The effects of specific job satisfaction facets on customer perceptions of service quality: An employee-level analysis.

Abstract Previous research has shown that employee job satisfaction is a relevant factor in service quality improvement. Employees who feel satisfied with their jobs provide higher levels of customer satisfaction. This study contributes to the current body of work in this area by investigating the responses from 351 employees and their 8667 customers from one service industry (higher education) to determine which specific facets of employee job satisfaction have the largest effect on customer perceptions of service quality. The uniqueness of this study is in its design. Most other studies of this type have analyzed organization-level data, while this study employs employee-level data. The study model also includes an unprecedented analysis of the effects of specific facets of job satisfaction on customer perceptions of service quality. Results suggest that certain job satisfaction facets may have a larger effect on service quality than others.
Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in American Culture, by Amy Erdman Farrell

As entrenched as the United States is in the “war on obesity,” it is challenging for many to think of fat as anything other than a burden or moral failing. In Fat Shame: Stigma and the Fat Body in ...
Docetaxel-induced polyploidization may underlie chemoresistance and disease relapse

Although docetaxel significantly improves survival in a variety of malignancies, its clinical utility is severely restricted by acquired chemoresistance and disease relapse. To uncover the mechanisms underlying these all too common occurrences, an abundance of research has focused on mutations and gene expression patterns; however, these findings are yet to translate into improved outcomes for patients being administered this drug. These analyses have overlooked a promising lead in the quest to discern key mediators of resistance and relapse following docetaxel therapy: polyploidization. This process is manifested following docetaxel-mediated mitotic arrest by the appearance of giant, multinucleated cells, which slipped from mitosis without undergoing cytokinesis. Polyploid cells generally possess supernumerary centrosomes, are chromosomally instable, and resist chemotherapy. We thus suspect that chemoresistance and relapse following treatment with docetaxel might be combatted by co-administration of centrosome declustering drugs, which could selectively destroy polyploid cells given that normal cells do not possess amplified centrosomes, an intriguing paradigm that warrants further investigation.
High quality wind retrievals for hurricanes Isabel and Fabian using the SeaWinds scatterometer

Hurricanes Isabel and Fabian offer an unprecedented look at tropical cyclones. With the availability of two identical instruments, temporal sampling was as frequent as 6-12 hours. Utilizing the SeaWinds scatterometers' ability to make simultaneous active and passive measurements, high quality wind and rain retrievals were performed for 8 storm passes. Passive rain estimates are used to quantify both the attenuating and scattering effects of precipitation, which can then be used to correct the active wind measurements. The high resolution of the retrievals allows for feature identification, while a binary rain mask removes pixels too contaminated for wind speed retrieval. Wind results compare well with surface models produced by the Hurricane Research Division of NOAA, and rain rates show great spatial similarity to SSM/I F13 and F15 data sets.