cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Molecular-marker analysis of seed-weight: genomic locations, gene action, and evidence for orthologous evolution among three legume species.

The objectives of this study were to use molecular markers to: (1) identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling seed-weight in soybean, (2) characterize the genetic basis of seed-weight expression, and (3) determine whether soybean shares orthologous seed-weight genes with cowpea and/or mung bean. An F2 population was developed between a large-seeded Glycine max breeding line and a small-seeded G. soja plant introduction. DNA samples from 150 F2 individuals were analyzed with 91 polymorphic genetic markers, including RFLPs, RAPDs and SSRs. Seed-weight was analyzed by randomly sampling 100 seeds from each of 150 greenhouse-grown F2 individuals, and their 150 F2∶3 lines, from a replicated field trial. Markers associated with seed-weight were identified using the computer program MapMaker-QTL and a one-way analysis of variance. Three and five markers were significantly associated with seed-weight variation (P<0.01) in the F2 and F2∶3 generations, respectively. Tests for digenic epistasis revealed three significant interactions in both generations. In a combined analysis, these markers and interactions explained 50 and 60% of the phenotypic variation for seed-weight in the F2 and F2∶3 generations, respectively. Comparison of our results in soybean (Glycine) with those previously reported in cowpea and mung bean (Vigna) indicated that soybean and cowpea share an orthologous seed-weight gene. In both species, a genomic region significantly associated with seed-weight spanned the same RFLP markers in the same linkage order. A significant digenic interaction involving this genomic region was conserved in all three species. These results suggest that the exploitation of “comparative QTL mapping” is an invaluable tool for quantitative geneticists working with poorly characterized plant systems.
Observation of the persistent-current splitting of a third-sound resonator.

The splitting of third-sound modes in a circular resonator due to the presence of a moderate-velocity persistent current has been observed. The absence of splittings in previous resonators is explained in terms of the dynamics of a two-level system. Single quanta of circulation should be observable in a smaller resonator.
Nutrition in Renal Transplantation

• This study was conducted to determine whether a high-nitrogen, low-carbohydrate diet in the immediate post­ operative renal transplant period could result in a positive nitrogen balance and fewer cushingoid side effects. Twelve consecutive nondiabetic renal transplant recipients were randomly assigned to the isocaloric control or experimental diet group. The six patients ingesting the experimental diet achieved positive nitrogen balance whereas five of the six patients on the control diet had a negative nitrogen balance. The nitrogen balance varied directly and proportionately with the protein intake. Postassium balance mirrored the nitrogen balance data. Cushingoid side effects did not develop in any of the six experimental diet patients whereas four of the six control diet patients had evidence of severe cushingoid appearance and two had moderate cushingoid appearance (P = .01). Based upon the findings of this study, we suggest that the renal transplant recipient's diet could be altered to provide more protein and less carbohydrate to improve nigrogen balance and prevent cushingoid features. It is possible that a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet may be used by additional patients taking steroids for other disease states to prevent cushingoid side effects and improve nitrogen balance.
Information Transparency and Coordination Failure: Theory and Experiment

We examine the effect of higher order beliefs on the ability of decentralized decision makers to coordinate and take advantage of improvements in information transparency that can increase welfare. Theories that address this question have not been empirically explored. We study coordination in a laboratory experiment with privately informed decision makers. Economic outcomes in the setting depend both on agents' rational beliefs regarding economic fundamentals and on their rational beliefs regarding the beliefs of other agents. Increasing information transparency mitigates uncertainty about economic fundamentals but may increase strategic uncertainty, precipitating multiple equilibria and less efficient group outcomes. We provide evidence that sometimes the equilibrium attained by creditors is inferior from a welfare perspective to other available equilibria. Risk dominance appears to determine equilibrium selection in our setting.
THERE MUST BE SOME TYPE OF MISUNDERSTANDING, THERE MUST BE SOME KIND OF MISTAKE: THE DEVIANCE DISAVOWAL STRATEGIES OF MEN ARRESTED IN INTERNET SEX STINGS (2008 PRESIDENTIAL ADDRESS)

Revolutionary advances in telecommunications technology have created a “virtual world.” There are a variety of new social phenomena associated with this novel milieu. This represents an excellent opportunity for the discipline of sociology to revisit its descriptive roots. This is especially true for the sociology of deviant behavior because new forms of deviance are clearly related to technological innovations (e.g., Internet crimes against children, cyberstalking, and cyberbullying). The current undertaking examines the deviance disavowal strategies of men arrested in Internet sex stings. The data consisted of the videotaped police interrogations of 18 subjects, about half of whom were arrested in televised stings. The results indicate these men engaged in three disavowal strategies seeking to maintain a normal definition of self and manage the stigma of their arrest. Directions for future studies in the sociology of deviance are suggested.
Magazines for libraries

First published in 1969, it was hailed as the "Winchell of the magazine world ''1 as well as decried as a "huge piece of work, unique, but not good enough. ''2 Now in its fourth edition, Magazines for Libraries (by Bill Katz and Linda Sternberg Katz, Bowker, 1982) is clearly fulfilling the former prophecy. Gaining a niche on the shelf of standard reference works is no simple task, particularly when users range from the professional serials librarian to the curious patron. How then does a book become a standard? Reliability is certainly a factor. With few exceptions there is always a certain "rightness" about the titles included and the evaluative comments in Magazines for Libraries. Responsiveness is another factor. From the first edition to the present, the suggestions and criticisms of the users have been reflected in both the format and the content of Magazines for Libraries. Subject headings are but one example of this responsiveness. A reference book that adapts its subject headings from INDIANS AMERICANS (1972) to AMERINDIANS (1978) to INDIANS OF NORTH AMERICA (1982) demonstrates a flexibility that is rare among "tools of the trade." But librarians dismayed by the lack of constancy in subject headings need only be mildly distressed. The basic list of titles, accessed by a thorough index, and the focus of Magazines for Libraries remains loyal to the purpose as cited by Katz in the first edition:
A Computer-controlled Photon Counting Spectrometer for Rapidly Scanning Low Light Level Spectra

A method of optimizing the scan time of a spectrometer based on the signal level is discussed and its implementation in a computer-controlled photon counting spectrometer is presented. Previous implementations of signal-dependent methods have been useful when the spectra being measured contain only regions where a measurable signal exists. This problem has been eliminated by taking advantage of the ability of the computer to make a decision. Data are presented showing how the use of an "intelligent" instrument, such as that described here, can increase the efficiency of any experiment.
GLIPR1 Tumor Suppressor Gene Expressed by Adenoviral Vector as Neoadjuvant Intraprostatic Injection for Localized Intermediate or High-Risk Prostate Cancer Preceding Radical Prostatectomy

Background: GLIPR1 is upregulated by p53 in prostate cancer cells and has preclinical antitumor activity. A phase I clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the safety and activity of the neoadjuvant intraprostatic injection of GLIPR1 expressing adenovirus for intermediate or high-risk localized prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: Eligible men had localized prostate cancer (T1-T2c) with Gleason score greater than or equal to 7 or prostate-specific antigen 10 ng/mL or more and were candidates for RP. Patients received the adenoviral vector expressing the GLIPR1 gene by a single injection into the prostate followed four weeks later by RP. Six viral particle (vp) dose levels were evaluated: 10 10 , 5 × 10 10 , 10 11 , 5 × 10 11 , 10 12 , and 5 × 10 12 vp. Results: Nineteen patients with a median age of 64 years were recruited. Nine men had T1c, 4 had T2a, and 3 had T2b and T2c clinical stage. Toxicities included urinary tract infection ( n = 3), flu-like syndrome ( n = 3), fever ( n = 1), dysuria ( n = 1), and photophobia ( n = 1). Laboratory toxicities were grade 1 elevated AST/ALT ( n = 1) and elevations of PTT ( n = 3, with 1 proven to be lupus anticoagulant). No pathologic complete remission was seen. Morphologic cytotoxic activity, induction of apoptosis, and nuclear p27 Kip1 upregulation were observed. Peripheral blood CD8 + , CD4 + , and CD3 + T-lymphocytes were increased, with upregulation of their HLA-DR expression and elevations of serum IL-12. Conclusions: The intraprostatic administration of GLIPR1 tumor suppressor gene expressed by an adenoviral vector was safe in men, with localized intermediate or high-risk prostate cancer preceding RP. Preliminary evidence of biologic antitumor activity and systemic immune response was documented. Clin Cancer Res; 17(22); 7174–82. ©2011 AACR .
Refractive enhancement of a flow duct liner performance

Predicted enhancement [1] of acoustic liner performance for sound propagating in the direction of the flow is reproduced experimentally by artificially thickening the boundary layer.
A preview and exploratory technique for large-scale scientific simulations

Successful in-situ and remote visualization solutions must have minimal storage requirements and account for only a small percentage of supercomputing time. One solution that meets these requirements is to store a compact intermediate representation of the data, instead of a 3D volume itself. Recent work explores the use of attenuation functions as a data representation that summarizes the distribution of attenuation along the rays. This representation goes beyond conventional static images and allows users to dynamically explore their data, for example, to change color and opacity parameters, without accessing the original 3D data. The computation and storage costs of this method may still be prohibitively expensive for large and time-varying data sets, thus limiting its applicability in the real-world scenarios. In this paper, we present an efficient algorithm for computing attenuation functions in parallel. We exploit the fact that the distribution of attenuation can be constructed recursively from a hierarchy of blocks or intervals of the data, which is a highly parallelizeable process. We have developed a library of routines that can be used in a distance visualization scenario or can be called directly from a simulation code to generate explorable images in-situ. Through a number of examples, we demonstrate the application of this work to large-scale scientific simulations in a real-world parallel environment with thousands of processors. We also explore various compression methods for reducing the size of the RAF. Finally, we present a method for computing an alternative RAF representation, which more closely encodes the actual distribution of samples along a ray, using kernel density estimation.
High-efficiency retroviral infection of primary myoblasts

In the past, it has been hard to introduce genes into primary myoblasts without selection, as they have been very difficult to transfect or infect. We describe conditions under which mouse primary skeletal muscle myoblasts can be infected with retroviral vectors at high efficiency. Infection can be greatly incrased by minimizing the time during which cells are exposed to virus, adding a minimal centrifugation step, and supplementing the infection cocktail to mimic more closely primary myoblast growth medium. Under these conditions, one round of exposure to virus results in an infection efficiency of up to 80%, whereas 4–5 rounds of infection over a two day period reproducibly yield an infection efficiency of >99%. These methods greatly enhance the potential for studying genetically engineered primary myoblasts from any mouse strain, transgenic or knockout, and may have useful application to other primary cell types that are refractory to transfection or infection.
Planning A Transmission Gear Laser Weld System

"Planning A Transmission Gear Laser Weld System"Patrick DoolanAdvanced Manufacturing Engineering, Whirlpool CorporationResearch & Engineering Center, Monte Road, Benton Harbor, MI 49022AbstractThis paper describes the planning which was involved to successfully install the firsthigh power laser system at this particular operating division. The production system laserwelds automatic washing machine transmission gears. Included is a description of planningthrough product redesign, process design and development, installation, manufacturing andmaintenance. Whirlpool's Total Quality Assurance program was instrumental in ensuringproper planning and communication took place well in advance of the equipment arriving atthe plant.IntroductionThe gear used to drive an automatic washing machine basket in the spin mode wasoriginally designed to be made from solid bar stock on a six spindle screw machine.Several difficult secondary operations including I.D. boring and plunge grinding wererequired. The part design caused more than half the bar stock material to go out the plantdoor as chips. Because of the high part cost due to long cycle times, material loss, highcapital costs and large amounts of floor space required a part redesign was considered.Part redesignIf the part were to be made from two pieces instead of one, the following cost savingscould be realized:- Cutting the barrel in a screw machine from tubing instead of solid bar eliminates mostof the material wastage.- Precision drawn tubing eliminates the finish I.D. boring operation.- The separate barrel permits through feed grinding instead of plunge grinding.- Because of the high cost of thick wall tubing, the gear blank will be made from solidbar stock, but cutting the gear teeth before assembly allows simultaneous hobbing ofmultiple parts.- The resulting screw machine operations were simpler so only 2/3 as many machines wereneeded.- Laser welding was chosen to join the assembly because the low, controllable heat inputwould not damage the ground barrel nor the hobbed gear teeth.Design change originated jointly between product and process engineering. The basis forplanning the design change implementation was outlined in Whirlpool's Total QualityAssurance program. This included design reviews at the concept, intermediate and designrelease levels of both product and process. Also included were process and product FailureMode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) at the intermediate design level. The design reviewmeetings include representatives from product and process engineering, manufacturing, plantmaintenance, industrial engineering, quality engineering, quality control and materialcontrol. The FMEA method analyzes all aspects of the product or process which can fail.Recommendations are made for modification of the product or process where feasible.Controls are implemented where problems cannot be designed out.
Making Bootstrap Statistical Inferences: A Tutorial

Abstract Bootstrapping is a computer-intensive statistical technique in which extensive computational procedures are heavily dependent on modern high-speed digital computers. The payoff for such intensive computations is freedom from two major limiting factors that have dominated classical statistical theory since its beginning: the assumption that the data conform to a bell-shaped curve, and the need to focus on statistical measures whose theoretical properties can be analyzed mathematically. The name “bootstrap” was derived from an old saying about pulling oneself up by one's own bootstraps. In this case, bootstrapping means redrawing samples randomly from the original sample with replacement. The key idea, computations, advantages, limitations, and application potential of bootstrapping in the field of physical education and exercise science are introduced and illustrated using a set of national physical fitness testing data. Finally, an example of a bootstrapping application is provided. Through a ste...
Conceptualising and Measuring Empathy

The purpose of this article is to briefly review the most influential existing literature on conceptualizing and measuring empathy. In addition, we consider a second, highly salient body of literature emerging from the relatively new field of social cognitive neuroscience, which uses brain imaging to help identify the physiological components of emotional and cognitive processes. We believe that social cognitive neuroscience can assist social work in clarifying concrete, consistent ways of defining and measuring empathy as a neurological phenomenon. Finally, we assess some of the most recent social work-related empirical intervention-based research on empathy. Combining all these research traditions leads to a compelling possibility: a unified, consistent, and robust way to define and measure the empathic responses that help form the foundation of just and beneficent social structures.
The Effect of Various Rations on the Storage Quality of Eggs

Abstract For a number of years, work has been carried on by the Texas Station to determine the value of cottonseed meal as a feed for laying hens. Reasonably good egg-production resulted from its use and the mortality was not excessive. In 1926, eggs produced by this feed were placed in storage to see whether they would store well. They did not hold up under refrigeration; the color of the yolks ranged from mottled yellow to red and from that to greenish brown or nearly black, while the whites varied from normal color to a light pink. The yolks were spongy, some resembled gelatin in consistency. In January of this year, the Texas Station published Bulletin No. 376, which recorded the effects of various rations on the storage quality of the eggs produced. Varying amounts of cottonseed meal were used, in some cases with abundant green feed and in other cases . . .
Effect of a serotonin depleting regimen of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) on the subsequent stimulation of acetylcholine release in the rat prefrontal cortex.

Abstract The amphetamine analog 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is considered to be selectively neurotoxic to serotonergic nerve terminals. Although the long term effects of MDMA on serotonin (5-HT) terminals have been well studied, other potential neurochemical consequences associated with MDMA-induced 5-HT depletion have been less well investigated. In view of the cognitive impairments in human MDMA abusers and the role of acetylcholine (ACh) in learning and memory, it was of interest to determine the influence of a 5-HT depleting regimen of MDMA on subsequent stimulation of ACh release in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Male rats received vehicle or MDMA (10 mg/kg, i.p. every 2 h for four injections) and underwent in vivo microdialysis 7 days later to assess the subsequent drug- (e.g., MDMA, 5-HT1A agonist) or stress- (e.g., tail pinch, presence of an intruder rat) induced stimulation of ACh release. The increase in the extracellular concentration of ACh in the PFC produced by MDMA (10 mg/kg, i.p.) was significantly less in rats previously exposed to the neurotoxic regimen of MDMA than that in control animals. In contrast, there was no difference in the magnitude of the stimulation of cortical ACh release elicited by the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propyl-amino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.3 mg/kg, s.c.), tail pinch (30 min) or the presence of an intruder rat (40 min) between control animals and animals previously exposed to a neurotoxic regimen of MDMA. These results suggest that although MDMA-induced 5-HT depletion diminishes subsequent MDMA-induced ACh release, there is little impact on cortical ACh release elicited by the stress of pain or the novelty of an environmental intruder.
Ultraviolet irradiation during ooplasmic segregation prevents gastrulation, sensory cell induction, and axis formation in the ascidian embryo.

Abstract The effect of ultraviolet (uv) light on embryonic development was examined in the ascidian Styela clava. uv irradiation (3.0 × 10 −3 J mm −2 ) of the entire surface of fertilized eggs during ooplasmic segregation prevented gastrulation, sensory cell induction, and embryonic axis formation. The uv-irradiated embryos completed ooplasmic segregation and cleaved normally, but vegetal blastomeres did not invaginate at the beginning of gastrulation, sensory cells in the larval brain did not develop tyrosinase or melanin pigment, and the larval tail did not develop. Endoderm, epidermis, and muscle cells differentiated in the uv-irradiated embryos, however, as evidenced by expression of endodermal alkaline phosphatase (AP), an epidermal-specific antigen, and α-actin, myosin heavy chain, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in muscle cells. Higher doses of uv light (6.0–9.0 × 10 −3 J mm −2 ) suppressed expression of the epidermal antigen and muscle cell markers, whereas the development of endodermal AP was insensitive. Irradiation at various times between fertilization and the 16-cell stage revealed that gastrulation, sensory cell differentiation, and axis formation are sensitive to uv light only during ooplasmic segregation. Irradiation of restricted regions of the zygote during ooplasmic segregation showed that the uv-sensitive components are localized in the vegetal hemisphere. The absorption characteristics of the uv-sensitive components suggest that they are nucleic acids. The results show that uv-sensitive components that specify gastrulation, sensory cell induction, and embryonic axis formation are localized in the vegetal hemisphere of Styela eggs.
Separable roles of the nucleus accumbens core and shell in context- and cue-induced alcohol-seeking.

Conditioned responding to drug-predictive discrete cues can be strongly modulated by drug-associated contexts. We tested the hypothesis that differential recruitment of the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core and shell mediates responding to drug cues in a drug vs non-drug context. Rats were trained to discriminate between two 10-s auditory stimuli: one stimulus (CS+) was paired with ethanol (10% v/v; 0.2 ml; oral) whereas the other (CS−) was not. Training occurred in operant conditioning chambers distinguished by contextual stimuli, and resulted in increased entries into the ethanol delivery port during the CS+ when compared with the CS−. In experiment 1, port entries were then extinguished in a second context by withholding ethanol, after which context-induced renewal of ethanol-seeking was tested by presenting both stimuli without ethanol in the previous training context. This manipulation stimulated strong responding to the CS+ in rats pretreated with saline in the core (n=9) or shell (n=10), which was attenuated by pharmacologically inactivating (muscimol/baclofen; 0.1/1.0 mM; 0.3 μl/side) either subregion pretest. In experiment 2, after discrimination, training rats were habituated to a different context in which ethanol and both stimuli were withheld. Cue-induced ethanol-seeking was then elicited by presenting the CS+ and CS− without ethanol in the different context. Saline-pretreated rats responded more to the CS+ than the CS− (core n=8; shell n=9), and inactivating the core but not shell attenuated this effect. These data highlight an important role for the core in cue-induced ethanol-seeking, and suggest that the shell is required to mediate the influence of contexts on conditioned ethanol-seeking.
Naturally occurring heterologous trans-splicing of adenovirus RNA with host cellular transcripts during infection.

The impact of viral infection on normal host RNA processing remains largely unexplored. We postulated that the high abundance of virally derived nuclear RNA in infected cells could impact host cell RNA splicing and viability. To test for aberrant RNA splicing we examined trans-splicing following infection with the replication-competent adenovirus mutant d11520 that lacks E1B 55 kDa protein. Trans-splicing was observed between viral RNA and several cellular precursor mRNAs, including β-actin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Using a tetracycline-inducible model system simulating viral trans-splicing activity we observed that overexpression of a trans-splicing RNA specifically inhibited cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that heterologous trans-splicing occurs naturally during adenovirus infection and suggest that trans-splicing may contribute to disruption of cell function.
Quantitative imaging of single mRNA splice variants in living cells

Alternative messenger RNA (mRNA) splicing is a fundamental process of gene regulation, and errors in RNA splicing are known to be associated with a variety of different diseases. However, there is currently a lack of quantitative technologies for monitoring mRNA splice variants in cells. Here, we show that a combination of plasmonic dimer probes and hyperspectral imaging can be used to detect and quantify mRNA splice variants in living cells. The probes are made from gold nanoparticles functionalized with oligonucleotides and can hybridize to specific mRNA sequences, forming nanoparticle dimers that exhibit distinct spectral shifts due to plasmonic coupling. With this approach, we show that the spatial and temporal distribution of three selected splice variants of the breast cancer susceptibility gene, BRCA1, can be monitored at single-copy resolution by measuring the hybridization dynamics of the nanoplasmonic dimers. Our study provides insights into RNA and its transport in living cells, which could improve our understanding of cellular protein complexes, pharmacogenomics, genetic diagnosis and gene therapies.
Validity Study of the Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC).

Abstract The Autism Spectrum Disorders-Diagnostic for Children (ASD-DC) is a 40-item Likert format scale designed to serve in the diagnosis of children and adolescents from 2 to 16 years of age. The reliability and factor structure of the scale have been established in previous research. Studies 1 and 2 were designed to evaluate the validity of the measure by establishing cut-off scores for 161 participants falling into the categories of typical development, atypical development/psychopathology, and ASD (i.e., autism, PDD-NOS, and Asperger's syndrome), as assessed by a licensed psychologist using ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria and in conjunction with standardized measures of autism (ADI-R, CARS, or CHAT) and Asperger's syndrome (CAST, GADS, or KADI). In study 3, the accuracy of ASD scores was compared with ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR criteria for autism, PDD-NOS, and Asperger's syndrome in 219 children. The ASD-DC, which can be administered in 10–15 min proved to be a relatively accurate and valid diagnostic instrument when compared to the diagnostic methods described above. The implications of these data for further development of this scale are discussed.
High-performance computing in chemistry: NW Chem

Abstract The impact of high-performance computing in computational chemistry is considered in the light of increasing demands for both the number and complexity of chemical systems amenable to theoretical treatment. Using self-consistent field Density Functional Theory (DFT) as a prototypical application, we describe the development, implementation and performance of the NWChem computational chemistry package that is targeting both present and future generations of massively parallel processors (MPP). The emphasis throughout this development is on scalability and the distribution, as opposed to the replication, of key data structures. To facilitate such capabilities, we describe a shared non-uniform memory access model which simplifies parallel programming while at the same time providing for portability across both distributed- and shared-memory machines. The impact of these developments is illustrated through a performance analysis of the DFT module of NWChem on a variety of MPP systems.
Positron cross-field transport due to quasibound states of antihydrogen

Abstract Within the past few years, experiments have been reported in which antiprotons produced at the CERN Antiproton Decelerator facility were slowed, trapped in nested Penning traps and made to interact with a positron plasma such that antihydrogen was formed. Classical trajectory simulations of the interactions between the antiprotons and positrons have been reported to indicate that positive-energy, quasibound states of antihydrogen can form at a rate that exceeds the rate of formation of stable Rydberg states. The formation of quasibound states may affect the rate of diffusion of positrons across the magnetic field that confines them in the nested Penning trap. Simulations indicate that a binary interaction associated with the formation and disintegration of a quasibound state can cause a shift of the positron’s guiding center that is much larger than the positron cyclotron radius before the interaction. A theory is presented that describes positron cross-magnetic-field diffusion due to quasibound states of antihydrogen.
A comparison of Na-K-ATPases obtained from brains of adult and fetal rat

1. 1. An examination of several properties of partially purified preparations of Na-K-ATPases from brain tissue microsomes of adult and fetal rats has revealed several property differences other than specific activities. 2. 2. Those properties which differ include (a) apparent Km values for ATPase activation by potassium; (b) apparent Km values for ATP hydrolysis by the Na-K-ATPases; (c) activation of the adult enzyme by the surfactant, Tergitol NPX; (d) activation of the fetal enzyme by phosphatidyl choline; and (e) relative extents of inhibition by 10−5 M ouabain. 3. 3. Both adult and fetal Na-K-ATPases appear to require acidic phospholipids, such as phosphatidyl serine, for stabilization within the plasma membrane. 4. 4. These results provide further evidence that the relative prominence of multiple forms of the Na-K-ATPases varies with brain development.
An Empirical Test of the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills Model of ART Adherence in a Sample of HIV-Positive Persons Primarily in Out-of-HIV-Care Settings

The current body of evidence supporting the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence rests exclusively on data collected from people living with HIV (PLWH) at point-of-HIV-care services. The aims of this study were to: (1) determine if the IMB model is a useful predictive model of ART adherence among PLWH who were primarily recruited in out-of-HIV-care settings; and (2) assess whether the theorized associations between IMB model constructs and adherence persist in the presence of depression and current drug use. PLWH (n = 312) responding to a one-time online survey completed the Life Windows IMB-ART-Adherence Questionnaire, and demographic, depression (CES-D 10), and drug use items. Path models were used to assess the fit of a saturated versus fully mediated IMB model of adherence and examined for moderating effects of depression and current drug use. Participants were on average 43 years of age, had been living with HIV for 9 or more years, and mostly male (84.0%), Caucasian (68.8%), and gay-identified (74.8%). The a priori measurement models for information and behavioral skills did not have acceptable fit to the data and were modified accordingly. Using the revised IMB scales, IMB constructs were associated with adherence as predicted by the theory in all but one model (i.e., the IMB model operated as predicted among nondrug users and those with and without depression). Among drug users, information exerted a direct effect on adherence but was not significantly associated with behavioral skills. Results of this study suggest that the fully or partially mediated IMB model is supported for use with samples of PLWH recruited primarily out-of-HIV-care service settings and is robust in the presence of depression and drug use.
Fab@Home: the personal desktop fabricator kit

Purpose – Solid freeform fabrication (SFF) has the potential to revolutionize manufacturing, even to allow individuals to invent, customize, and manufacture goods cost‐effectively in their own homes. Commercial freeform fabrication systems – while successful in industrial settings – are costly, proprietary, and work with few, expensive, and proprietary materials, limiting the growth and advancement of the technology. The open‐source Fab@Home Project has been created to promote SFF technology by placing it in the hands of hobbyists, inventors, and artists in a form which is simple, cheap, and without restrictions on experimentation. This paper aims to examine this.Design/methodology/approach – A simple, low‐cost, user modifiable freeform fabrication system has been designed, called the Fab@Home Model 1, and the designs, documentation, software, and source code have been published on a user‐editable “wiki” web site under the open‐source BSD License. Six systems have been built, and three of them given away ...
Effect of scapular protraction and retraction on isometric shoulder elevation strength

Abstract Smith J, Kotajarvi BR, Padgett DJ, Eischen JJ. Effect of scapular protraction and retraction on isometric shoulder elevation strength. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2002;83:367-70. Objectives: To examine the effect of scapular protraction (SP) and scapular retraction (SR) on isometric shoulder elevation strength measured in the sagittal plane and to test the hypothesis that strength would be significantly reduced when tested in the SP position relative to the neutral resting scapular position (SN). Design: Prospective before-after trial. Setting: Multidisciplinary sports medicine center. Participants: Ten healthy volunteers (5 men, 5 women) ages 26 to 43 years recruited from the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Interventions: Subjects completed 3 maximal isometric shoulder elevation contractions at 90° of sagittal plane elevation in the SN, SP, and SR positions. The order of scapular positions was varied to minimize fatigue effects. Mean isometric strength values were compared by using Student t tests. Main Outcome Measures: Isometric shoulder elevation strength for the 3 scapular positions. Results: Isometric strength was significantly lower for the SP position compared with the SN position (8.5 ± 3.4kg vs 11.1 ± 4.0kg, P P P =.38). Conclusions: Movement of the scapula into a protracted or retracted position results in a statistically significant reduction in isometric shoulder elevation strength as measured in this study. Further research is warranted to examine the relationship between scapular position and shoulder muscle function. © 2002 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine and the American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Does Out-of-Home Placement Mediate the Relationship Between Child Maltreatment and Adult Criminality?:

Existing research on child welfare interventions as mediators of the criminal consequences of child maltreatment has focused on juvenile delinquency rather than adult criminality. This study uses a prospective sample of 772 maltreated youth to examine out-of-home placement as a mediator of adult criminality. Arrest data were collected from official records when the full sample was a mean age of 31.8, having ample opportunity for involvement with the criminal justice system. Overall, out-of-home placement showed a neutral or slightly positive effect on adult criminality compared to no placement, consistent with earlier findings. However, prior delinquency and placement instability were significant risk factors for adult criminality. Gender, not race, was identified as a significant moderator of the relationship between placement and adult criminality, with different patterns of response to placement for males and females. Thus, whether placement experiences influence adult criminal consequences of child maltreatment might depend on prior delinquency, placement stability, and gender.
Factors determining renal response to water immersion in non-excretor cirrhotic patients

Non-excretor cirrhotic patients, defined by their inability to normally excrete a standard water load, display variable responses to head-out water immersion. The hemodynamic, hormonal, and renal functional status of fifteen such patients were analyzed relative to water excretion during head-out water immersion. Group 1 patients (N = 7) all excreted less than 40% of the water load during immersion, whereas excretion was greater than 40% in all eight patients in Group 2. Group 1 patients, when compared with Group 2, had more ascites, more diuretic resistance, lower serum sodium concentration (125 +/- 2 vs. 130 +/- 1 mEq/liter, P less than 0.05), and more impaired baseline water excretion (12.9 +/- 1.2 vs. 35.9 +/- 5.9% of water load in 5 hr, P less than 0.005). Systemic hemodynamic responses to water immersion were similar in both groups. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were significantly more impaired in Group 1 patients (inulin clearance 28 +/- 6 vs. 62 +/- 9 ml/min/1.73 m2, P less than 0.05; para-aminohippurate clearance 212 +/- 35 vs. 357 +/- 37 ml/min, P less than 0.05). Concentrations of plasma vasopressin (1.7 +/- 0.5 vs. 0.8 +/- 0.1 pg/ml, P less than 0.05), renin (8.6 +/- 1.7 vs. 3.8 +/- 0.9 ng/ml/hr, P less than 0.05), aldosterone (82 +/- 14 vs. 39 +/- 10 ng/dl, P less than 0.05) and norepinephrine (1155 +/- 183 vs. 603 +/- 126 pg/ml, P less than 0.05) were all significantly higher in Group 1 than Group 2 patients during water immersion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Work in progress - the use of virtual machines for teaching

The use of virtual machines to deploy software in courses and/or laboratories is discussed. Virtual machine software, such as VMWare, can be installed on every computer and then students can run various operating system images. This allows a separation between the 'application software' and the hardware platform. For example, a course instructor can prepare a disk image file with an operating system and a suite of commercial or free software. The virtual machine could then be installed on laboratory computers or distributed to the students to run from USB devices. Regardless of what type of computer or operating system the students are using, they will all see and use a consistent computational interface. The paper includes a discussion of the requirements of this technology and various models of how it may impact courses utilizing computers.
Anthropogenic impacts on global storage and emissions of mercury from terrestrial soils: Insights from a new global model

We develop a mechanistic global model of soil mercury storage and emissions that tiesthe lifetime of mercury in soils to the lifetime of the organic carbon pools it is associatedwith. We explore the implications of considering terrestrial mercury cycling in theframeworkofsoilcarboncyclingandsuggestpossibleavenuesoffutureresearchtotestourassumptions and constrain this type of model. In our simulation, input of mercury to soil isby atmospheric deposition, in part through leaf uptake and subsequent litter fall, and ismoderated by surface photoreduction and revolatilization. Once bound to organic carbon,mercury is transferred along a succession of short‐lived to long‐lived carbon pools and isultimately reemitted by respiration of these pools. We examine the legacy of anthropogenicinfluence on global mercury storage and emissions and estimate that storage of mercury inorganic soils has increased by ∼20% since preindustrial times, while soil emissions haveincreased by a factor of 3 (2900 Mg yr
Open Channel Flow Over Submerged Obstructions: An Experimental and Numerical Study

This paper reports on experimental and computational investigations of water flow over two-dimensional obstacles in an open channel. Both triangular and semi-circular obstacles are considered in order to study the effects of obstacle type and size on the flow. The upstream flow is subcritical while the downstream flow is supercritical in all the cases discussed. The results of the experiments indicate that the downstream Reynolds number increases and appears to approach an asymptotic value as the obstacle height is increased. The upstream Reynolds number, on the other hand, decreases linearly as the obstacle height is increased. For the cases involving triangular obstacles, comparisons are presented between the results of the experimental measurements and the computational simulations as well as with available analytical solutions for inviscid flow. The comparisons point to the conclusion that the fluid rotational activity has a negligible effect on the overall flow in the open channel.
A community assessment of privacy preserving techniques for human genomes

To answer the need for the rigorous protection of biomedical data, we organized the Critical Assessment of Data Privacy and Protection initiative as a community effort to evaluate privacy-preserving dissemination techniques for biomedical data. We focused on the challenge of sharing aggregate human genomic data (e.g., allele frequencies) in a way that preserves the privacy of the data donors, without undermining the utility of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) or impeding their dissemination. Specifically, we designed two problems for disseminating the raw data and the analysis outcome, respectively, based on publicly available data from HapMap and from the Personal Genome Project. A total of six teams participated in the challenges. The final results were presented at a workshop of the iDASH (integrating Data for Analysis, 'anonymization,' and SHaring) National Center for Biomedical Computing. We report the results of the challenge and our findings about the current genome privacy protection techniques.
Hypercalcemia in head and neck carcinoma incidence and prognosis

A retrospective review of all head and neck cancers seen between January 1, 1975, and September 1, 1981, at Harper-Grace Hospitals, Detroit, Michigan, was performed. Of 1438 patients with head and neck cancers, 41 (2.9%) had hypercalcemia (calcium greater than 11.0 mg%) during the course of their disease. The incidence of hypercalcemia by site was 13 of 351 (3.7%) larynx, 7/280 (2.5%) pharynx, 19/733 (2.6%) oral cavity (floor of mouth 4/171, tongue 9/209, tonsil 5/176, palate 1/95, other 0/82, 2/26 (7.7%) nasal cavity, and 0/48 salivary gland carcinomas. Chest radiograph results were positive for mass lesions in 17/35 (49%). Bone scans and/or x-ray results were positive in 15/31 (48%), negative in 16/31 (52%), and were not evaluated in 10 patients. Of five patients tested, all had inappropriately elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) for their serum calcium level. The hypercalcemia was medically treated in 29/41 (70%), with return-to-normal calcium levels in 17/29 (59%). Twelve patients (30%) received only terminal care. Survival from the diagnosis of hypercalcemia ranged from 1 to 514+ days (mean, 80+ days; median 33 days). It is concluded that hypercalcemia is unusual in head and neck carcinoma. Furthermore, hypercalcemia frequently is a late manifestation and terminal event. Finally, hypercalcemia in some patients may be mediated by PTH production.
The safety of azithromycin in the treatment of adults with community-acquired respiratory tract infections

The comparative safety of azithromycin was assessed in adult patients (> or =12 years) with community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Of 3229 patients evaluated, 1616 received azithromycin 500 mg once daily for 3 days and 1613 received standard regimens of amoxycillin, amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, cefaclor, clarithromycin, or roxithromycin. A similar incidence of treatment-related adverse events occurred with azithromycin (10.3%) and comparators (11.5%). Significantly fewer patients were withdrawn from azithromycin than comparator treatment (0.4 versus 2.1%; P=0.0001). Most adverse events were mild/moderate in intensity and affected the gastrointestinal system. Azithromycin was as well tolerated as other antibiotics commonly used for bacterial infections in adults.
PFG NMR self-diffusion of small hydrocarbons in high silica DDR, CHA and LTA structures

Pulsed field gradient (PFG) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was used to measure and rationalize the intracrystalline self-diffusion coefficients of small hydrocarbons in high silica DDR (ZSM-58, Si/Al = 190), pure silica chabazite (Si-CHA) and ITQ-29 (Si-LTA) structures. The self-diffusivities of methane, ethane, ethylene and propylene were measured on these materials at 301 K and 101.3 kPa. A clear correlation is shown between the size of the 8-ring windows and the size of the molecules on the measured self-diffusivities. Window sizes were obtained from X-ray diffraction measurements: [3.65 × 4.38 A] for ZSM-58, [3.70 × 4.17 A] for Si-CHA and [4.00 × 4.22 A] for Si-LTA. An increase in self-diffusivity with window size and a decrease with molecular size were clearly observed. The magnitudes of these effects are shown to be very large. For example, at 301 K and 101.3 kPa, the self-diffusivities of methane were 1.6 × 10−8 cm2/s, 10.7 × 10−8 cm2/s and 142.0 × 10−8 cm2/s in ZSM-58, Si-CHA and Si-LTA, respectively; an increase in self-diffusivity of nearly 2 orders of magnitude that is primarily due to window size effects. Similarly, at 301 K and 101.3 kPa, the self-diffusivities of methane, ethylene, ethane and propylene in Si-LTA were 142.0 × 10−8 cm2/s, 21.4 × 10−8 cm2/s, 20.9 × 10−8 cm2/s and 0.0047 × 10−8 cm2/s, respectively; a decrease in self-diffusivity with molecular size of more than 4 orders of magnitude. These findings contribute to a fundamental understanding of self-diffusion in microporous materials and have important implications for kinetic based separation schemes in which diffusion plays a key role.
Photoluminescence of 6- and 7-aminoquinolines

Abstract The fluorescences of 6- and 7-aminoquinoline and 6-dimethylaminoquinaldine were studied in media of different acidities, polarities, hydrogen-bonding capabilities and temperatures. The excited state acidities and solvent dependences of the fluorescences of these compounds are typical of aminoquinolines substituted in the homocyclic ring. The acidities of the doubly protonated cations are so great in the lowest excited singlet state, however, that prototropic dissociation in the excited state occurs even in rigid media at 195°K. The lowest triplet state of the singly charged cation of 6-aminoquinoline is found to be nearly degenerate with the lowest excited singlet state of the same molecule. This is attributed to the great charge-transfer component of the S1←S0 transition which is not present in the T1←S0 transition, and the interaction of the S1 state with the polar solvent.