cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Olfactory bulb removal: Effects on sexual behavior and partner-preference in male rats

Control and bilaterally bulbectomized male rats were tested in an arena where the male could choose to spend time with (and mate with) a sexually receptive female, a nonreceptive female, or be in a neutral compartment. Control males mated with, and showed a strong preference for, sexually receptive females. Bulbectomy virtually eliminated mating. In addition, bulbectomized males showed no preference for a receptive female over a nonreceptive female, and spent their time equally between the receptive female, the nonreceptive female, and the neutral compartment. Effects of bulbectomy on preference and copulation could be consequences of a severely impaired ability to smell--the perception of odors may be essential for sexual arousal, or the absence of preference and copulation after bulbectomy might reflect a deficit in the male's ability to make odor-dependent classification of conspecifics as appropriate sexual partners. Or the behavioral effects of bulbectomy might reflect a disruption of tonic input to the forebrain that has little or nothing to do with the sensory impairment that follows bulb removal. But whatever the reason, in partner-preference tests bulbectomized males show a striking indifference to the sexual status of females, and it seems likely that the failure to mate is causally linked to this effect of surgery.
Preventive services in clinical practice: designing the periodic health examination.

ABSTRACT In this issue of The Journal, the US Preventive Services Task Force presents the first in a series of background articles and recommendations for preventive measures that can be incorporated into personal health services.1 The periodic health examination has largely replaced the annual physical examination, and the changing patterns of morbidity and major risk factors call for more integration of clinical preventive services into office visits triggered by acute or chronic symptomatic disease.In the 1920s, the American Medical Association and the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company first endorsed the annual physical examination as conferring long-term health benefits. Generations of physicians and patients came to regard the annual examination as the keystone of preventive medicine. In the 1970s, increasing cost consciousness, changing expectations of patients, and refined methods for studying the efficacy of diagnostic tests and maneuvers raised serious questions about the value of the annual checkup.2 Clinicians began
Characterization of physalia physalis (Portugese man-o'war) nematocyst venom collagenase

Abstract 1. 1. Man-o'war venom collagenase was purified 150 fold using three chromatographic columns. 2. 2. This collagenase has optimal activity at physiological pH and temperature ranges. 3. 3. The enzyme was activated by Na + (less than 200 mM) but not by Ca 2+ . Both Na + and Ca 2+ gave 310% increase in activity of the enzyme. The enzyme was reversibly inhibited by EDTA. 4. 4. The enzyme was inhibited by many metallic ions. 5. 5. It was not inhibited by phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride indicating the absence of serine residues.
Complex impedance and multifrequency 23Na NMR study of poly(propylene oxide) complexed with NaB (C6H5)4

Abstract Complex impedance and multifrequency 23 Na nuclear magnetic resnoance (NMR) measurements on a poly (propylene oxide): sodium tetraphenylborate, PPO 8 NaB(C 6 H 5 ) 4 , solid polymer electrolyte, with a composition of eight ether oxygens per sodium, are reported. The NMR linewidths are found to be second-order quadrupole broadened, thus indicating low site-symmetry for the Na + ions. The title compound exhibits some interesting differences in properties compared to other PPO-Na salt complexes, including an anomalously low value of the stretched exponential parameter s se (obtained in fits to electric modulus data), an unusually high glass transition temperature ( T g =306 K), and sub- T g line narrowing of lower frequency 23 Na resonances. This last phenomenon is attributed to strong interaction between the Na + ions and their large [B(C 6 H 5 ) 4 ] - counterions caused by the localization of the [B(C 6 H 5 ) 4 ] - anions in weak interactions with the polymer chains which, in turn, leads to the elevated glass transition temperatures.
Determination of 1,3-diphenyltriazene and azobenzene in D&C red no. 33 by solvent extraction and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

Data are presented for the determination of trace levels of 1,3-diphenyltriazene (DPT) and azobenzene (AB) in D&C Red No. 33. The contaminants are extracted with chloroform from an aqueous solution of the color, and the chloroform is removed under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in acetonitrile and the solution is analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with detection at 365 nm. DPT and AB were determined at levels of less than or equal to 439 ppb and less than or equal to 2.2 ppm, respectively, in samples of commercial D&C Red No. 33. Method precision for the DPT determination (five analyses) was 6.8% relative standard deviation. The UV-Vis spectra of the HPLC analytes, obtained by using a rapid-scan diode-array spectrophotometer, were used to confirm the identity of the DPT and AB responses produced during analysis of the D&C Red No. 33 extracts. The method is also useful for the separation of cis- and trans-AB.
Switched Dynamic Systems for Reduced-Order Flow Modeling

We develop a family of reduced-order models for the modeling and control of a flow system operating under varying fluid and actuation parameters. The parametric subspaces of the reduced-order models are formed by considering the angle between the reduced-order subspaces that span the velocity fields. This grouping is combined with a discrete switching law to form a switched dynamic system composed of a set of reduced-order models. This methodology is applied to the modeling of a lid-driven cavity under varying translation velocities and phase differentials between the upper and lower walls. It is shown that the subspace angle metric successfully partitions the parametric space and provides insight on the dominant parameters that characterize the flowfields. An open-loop simulation of the resulting switched dynamic system demonstrates its ability to capture the evolution of the flow and input parameters as it occurs in the full-order model.
Out of ecliptic missions using Venus or earth gravity assists

Multiple Venus or earth gravity-assist flybys are investigated as a means of producing trajectories that are inclined to the solar equator at low cost in total delta V. There are three phases to such trajectories: (1) production of a high flyby speed at the planet encounter, (2) attainment of one-to-one resonance by orbit pumping, and (3) deflection to high inclination by orbit cranking. Flybys are restricted to occur at the node of the planet orbit and the solar equator so as to take advantage of the natural inclination of the solar equator. For Venus flybys, the high approach speed is inherent in the earth to Venus trajectory. For earth flybys, the production of high approach speed can be accomplished by a VEGA (Venus-earth-gravity assist) trajectory or by a delta V-EGA trajectory. The general result is that moderate inclinations to the solar equator can be obtained at moderate total delta V cost, but at flight times which rise to five years for an inclination of 37 deg and to 13 years for an inclination of 54 deg.
Symmetry breaking via compensators in an N=1 supergravity theory.

A supergravity theory with multiple compensators is considered. It is shown that supersymmetry is broken by a solution to the equation of motion of a compensator. Models with a chiral scalar superfield and a gauge vector superfield coupled to such a compensator are considered. In the case of the former various aspects of supersymmetry breaking are discussed; in particular, the super-Higgs-Kibble effect is shown to be operative. In the latter case a gaugino mass is generated without the use of nonminimal coupling. Possible applications of this mechanism of supersymmetry breaking in model building and extended supergravity theories are indicated. In particular it is possible to have the mass of the gravitino greater than 10/sup 4/ GeV, thus satisfying the cosmological constraints, even though the masses of scalar particles are of O(10/sup 2/ GeV).
Engineering properties of waste wood-derived biochars and biochar-amended soils

The application of biochars or biochar-amended soils in engineered systems (e.g. landfill biocover and in-ground filtration system) is contingent upon specific properties such as compressibility and shear strength that define their structural stability during and after construction under expected loading conditions. In this study, seven different types of waste wood-derived biochars were tested for their compressibility and shear strength properties. In addition, selected biochar-amended soils were tested. Compressibility testing was performed using one-dimensional compression testing apparatus, and shear strength testing was performed using direct shear testing apparatus. Biochars and biochar-amended soils were tested under dry and moist conditions. The results of compression testing were used to calculate constrained modulus and that of shear strength testing were used to calculate shear strength parameters (cohesion and angle of internal friction). The constrained modulus and shear strength parameters ...
Fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of psammomatous melanotic schwannoma

A 51-yr-old male presented with an 8-mo history of lower back pain. Computerized axial tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies showed a 3.5 X 3.0 cm sacral mass within the spinal canal in the region of the left S2 nerve root. A fine-needle aspirate biopsy (FNAB) was performed under CT guidance. The cytologic findings included a spindle-cell population with a fibrillary background arranged in a vaguely streaming pattern, wavy nuclei with mild atypia, wispy cytoplasm, rare intranuclear inclusions, and dilated vascular spaces. Some cells contained a nonrefractile granular brown pigment consistent with melanin. Also identified were calcified concentric laminations typical of psammoma bodies. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were strongly immunoreactive for S-100 protein and HMB-45. A diagnosis of psammomatous melanotic schwannoma was rendered. No stigmata of Carney's complex were identified on physical examination. The patient has declined the recommendation of surgical excision of the mass. We herein describe a case unequivocally diagnosed as psammomatous melanotic schwannoma by FNAB.
Hormonal modulation of the accumulation of 5‐aminolevulinic acid‐induced protoporphyrin and phototoxicity in prostate cancer cells

The effect of hormonal modulation on the response of human prostate cancer cell lines to photodynamic therapy (PDT) with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was studied. Two cell lines, one responsive to androgens (LNCaP) and the other non-responsive (PC-3), were used. Fetal bovine serum was depleted of steroid hormones by stripping with charcoal-dextran, and then resupplied with known concentrations of the androgen 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the estrogen estradiol. It was found that LNCaP cells alone increased growth rate in response to both added hormones, but only androgen had an effect on PDT treatment. LNCaP cells pretreated with 10(-7) M DHT and then 1 mM ALA accumulated 70% more PpIX, compared to cells pre-treated with 10(-12) M DHT. Exposure of the cells treated with high DHT and ALA to 630 nm light led to an 85% decrease in the number of surviving cells compared to the low DHT treated group. The uptake of 14C-ALA was increased with high DHT treatment of the cells, consistent with the above data. No effect of hormones was seen with PC-3 cells or with either cell line and the exogenous photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative.
Game-based Training of Listening Skills: The Effects of Degraded Communications

Many important tasks depend upon the ability of personnel to be able to extract information from verbal communication in suboptimal conditions. However, there is little guidance in how best to train people to improve this skill, specifically regarding the most effective combination of human or synthesized speech with or without text captions. In this study, we examined two competing theories, the cognitive theory of multimedia learning versus resilient listening, to determine best practices for designing a game to train active listening skills in complex environments. One-hundred and nineteen U.S. Navy recruits (53% male, average age of 21.5 years) participated in this study. The results indicated that games with degraded auditory conditions did not improve listening abilities in a transfer condition. Games using recorded human voices resulted in the best performance.
Rural Unrest and Political Control: the Destruction of the Central Campesina Independiente, 1962–1967

One of the great ironies of Mexican economic and political development under the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) was that the party's grip on power depended to an alarming degree on its retaining the support of the rural poor, who benefited the least from the PRI's policies. During the 1960s, several developments combined to threaten the PRI's political dominance of the countryside, and the PRI lived in mortal dread that a viable, autonomous campesino movement might arise to challenge its own rural sector, the sclerotic Confederacion Nacional Campesina (CNC). In 1962, Mexican communists founded what looked to be just such a movement, labeling it the Central Campesina Independiente (CCI). The PRI took the threat from the CCI seriously enough to deploy hardball tactics to ensure its destruction. This paper examines the PRI's tactics in eliminating any threat the CCI may have posed.
Numerical stability of biorthogonal wavelet transforms

For orthogonal wavelets, the discrete wavelet and wave packet transforms and their inverses are orthogonal operators with perfect numerical stability. For biorthogonal wavelets, numerical instabilities can occur. We derive bounds for the 2-norm and average 2-norm of these transforms, including efficient numerical estimates if the numberL of decomposition levels is small, as well as growth estimates forL → ∞. These estimates allow easy determination of numerical stability directly from the wavelet coefficients. Examples show that many biorthogonal wavelets are in fact numerically well behaved.
Colchicine binding to an oligomer of tubulin.

Abstract An oligomeric form of tubulin present in microtubule protein prepared from mammalian brain, the 36S double ring containing tau protein, is reported to bind colchicine. Colchicine binds to each individual 6S tubulin subunit in the 36S ring without apparent effect on quarternary structure. The colchicine-oligomer complex forms by colchicine binding directly to the tubulin ring; alternatively, complexes formed by colchicine with 6S tubulin subunits associate in the presence of tau protein to form the colchicine-oligomer complex.
Intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, belief in the afterlife, death anxiety, and life satisfaction in young Catholics and Protestants

Abstract One way in which religiosity could promote well-being is by reducing fear of death. The objective of this study was to explore relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity, afterlife belief, death anxiety and life satisfaction in young Catholics and Protestants. Questionnaires were administered to 375 adolescents and young adults. Data analysis was limited to 134 Protestants and 149 Catholics. Measures included Allport and Ross’ (1967) Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiosity scales, Templer’s (1970) Death Anxiety scale, Osarchuk and Tatz’ (1973) belief in the afterlife scale, and the satisfaction with life scale ( Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1986 ). As hypothesized, religion moderated relationships between intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity scales with death anxiety and afterlife belief. These results support a recent argument that scales to measure intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity reflect Protestant notions of religiosity and are most suited for use in Protestant subjects.
Optical Observations of Lightning from a High-Altitude Airplane

Near-infrared optical measurements of about 1300 optical pulses produced by 79 lightning flashes were obtained by a NASA U-2 high-altitude airplane. Ninety percent of the flashes produced peak radiant energy densities of 4.7 microJ/sq m per sr or greater relative to the full field of view of the instrument. A median pulse rise time of 240 microsec and FWHM of 370 microsec are found, and these slow optical rise times and broad pulse widths are suggested to be due to multiple scattering within the cloud. The spectral characteristics in the near-infrared of the neutral emission lines noted above the clouds are shown to be similar to those found with ground-based measurements.
Do individuals with substance abuse diagnoses incur higher charges than individuals with other chronic conditions

Concerns about high costs have led to limits on the services covered by most insurance plans for substance abuse treatment. But, the commonly used comparison group for cost analyses, all enrollees in a health-care plan, may not be appropriate because addiction is a chronic condition. Therefore, to determine whether substance abusers incur higher charges than patients with other serious chronic conditions, we used health insurance information for employees and dependents over 3 years (1989 to 1991) for two firms with a total of almost 40,000 employees to do alternate comparisons. We compared average annual charges for patients with the following diagnoses: substance abuse, substance abuse with mental illness, arthritis, asthma, and diabetes. Patients who undergo treatment for abusing alcohol, drugs, or both often (but not always) incur higher charges than people with other chronic conditions. Clear differences in average charges emerge between patients with and without mental health claims.
Effect of Hormonal Manipulation on Sociosexual Behavior in Adult Female Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius), a Species with Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination

Aggressive and sexual behavior in the adult leopard gecko (Eublepharis macularius), a species with temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), is influenced by the temperature experienced as an egg, as well as by prenatal and perinatal hormones. This study focused on the effects of hormonal manipulation of adult female leopard geckos from different incubation temperatures. Following ovariectomy, females from both all-female (26°C) and male-biased (32.5°C) incubation temperatures exhibited a significant decrease in high-posture (HP) aggression toward male and female stimulus animals. Testosterone treatment attenuated this decrease in HP aggression toward female but not toward male stimulus animals. Ovariectomy also resulted in a loss in attractiveness in both groups of females. Following treatment with testosterone, over 50% of the females were attacked by male stimulus animals, suggesting a change in the pheromonal cues normally secreted by females. Unmanipulated females never exhibit tail vibrations, a male-typical courtship behavior. However, following ovariectomy with testosterone treatment, half of the females from both incubation temperatures exhibited this behavior, indicating an activational effect of testosterone. An effect of incubation temperature on aggression was evident with females from the male-biased incubation temperature exhibiting a greater likelihood of aggression compared to females from the all-female incubation temperature. This effect continued to be detected after hormone manipulation. Ovariectomized females from the all-female incubation temperature were less aggressive even with testosterone treatment toward males, whereas females from the male-biased incubation temperature showed no significant decline in aggression following testosterone treatment, suggesting that individuals from different incubation temperatures may have different sensitivities to hormones.
A cautionary note on the detection of method variance in multitrait-multimethod data

Method variance in multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) data is often assessed by comparing the monomethod-heterotrait correlations to the heteromethod-hereotrait correlations in the MTMM matrix. Alternatively, method variance can be assessed within a confirmatory factor analysis of the MTMM data. Is is shown that these two approaches are dissimilar theoretically and may give inconsistent assessments of method variance in practice
Preparation of ultralow-friction surface films on vanadium diboride

Abstract In this paper, we present a simple annealing procedure (which we refer to as ‘flash annealing’ because of its short duration) that results in the formation of an ultralow-friction surface film on vanadium diboride (VB 2 ) surfaces. This annealing is performed in a box furnace at 800°C for a period of 5 min. During annealing, the exposed surface of the VB 2 undergoes oxidation and forms a layer of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ). In open air, the B 2 O 3 layer reacts spontaneously with moisture and forms a boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ) film. The friction coefficient of a 440C steel pin against this H 3 BO 3 film is approximately 0.05, compared with 0.8 against the as-received VB 2 . Based on Raman spectroscopy and electron microscopy studies, we elucidate the ultralow-friction mechanism of the flash-annealed VB 2 surfaces.
Theory and practice in psychotherapy: some contradictions in expressed belief and reported practice.

Anecdotal reports from psychotherapists frequently suggest that theoretical guidelines are not readily adhered to in actual practice. Previous studies have found marked differences in viewpoint on many aspects of technique and practice among even relatively homogeneous groups of psychotherapists. In order to explore further the discrepancies between specific theoretical issues in psychotherapy and their practical clinical applications, the authors surveyed a large group of experienced, practicing psychodynamic psychotherapists. A comprehensive questionnaire addressing theoretical issues such as transference, countertransference, and goals of therapy was constructed. In all there were 70 items and respondents were requested to rate each item in terms of psychotherapy “as you practice it.” Numerous discrepancies between theoretical belief and clinical practice were found. Almost all of the 81 respondents agreed that the therapist should not impose his value system on the patient, yet half of the group viewed the therapist's encouragement of the enrichment of the patient's social life and encouragement of educational and vocational pursuits as an important aspect of the therapy. A significant number agreed that giving suggestions and advice to the patient may be harmful, but an equal number felt that the therapist should encourage more adaptive modes of behavior including sexual intimacy in the patient's outside life. Marked disagreements were found over issues of dependency, controlling the patient's outside behavior, and the development of countertransference feelings. Analysis of the data by age revealed that older therapists allowed themselves to be more liberal in their attitudes to such issues as the development of dependency by the patient, the promotion of the enrichment of the patient's social life and the development of countertransference than younger therapists. This study confirmed the presence of striking discrepancies between theoretical belief and clinical practice in dynamic psychotherapy. In particular, the incongruities in the data indicate that therapists may prefer a value-free therapy as an ideal, but invariably bring their personal values into the treatment situation.
2D IR Spectroscopy using Four-Wave Mixing, Pulse Shaping, and IR Upconversion: A Quantitative Comparison

Recent technological advances have led to major changes in the apparatuses used to collect 2D IR spectra. Pulse shaping offers several advantages including rapid data collection, inherent phase stability, and phase-cycling capabilities. Visible array detection via upconversion allows the use of visible detectors that are cheaper, faster, more sensitive, and less noisy than IR detectors. However, despite these advantages, many researchers are reluctant to implement these technologies. Here we present a quantitative study of the S/N of 2D IR spectra collected with a traditional four-wave mixing (FWM) apparatus, with a pulse shaping apparatus, and with visible detection via upconversion to address the question of whether weak chromophores at low concentrations are still accessible with such an apparatus. We find that the enhanced averaging capability of the pulse shaping apparatus enables the detection of small signals that would be challenging to measure even with the traditional FWM apparatus, and we demonstrate this ability on a sample of cyanylated dihydrofolate reductase.
Variability of response in a determined turning sequence in the meal worm (Tenebrio molitor): An experimental test of alternative hypotheses

Abstract This study attempts to control thigmotaxis and centrifugal swing as the basic factor in the alternation behaviour of the meal worm, larvae of Tenebrio molitor. In order to eliminate these variables, alleyways of the mazes were essentially V-shaped in construction. As a result, centrifugal swing to one side or another is substantially reduced and since the construction of the maze guarantees contact on both sides of the organisms' body, thigmotaxis control in determining turning behaviour is eliminated. Four mazes were employed in this study. Two of the mazes had a 3 cm. alleyway from forced turn to T-choice. These mazes were mirror images of each other; the direction of forced turn being right for one and left for the other. Two of the mazes had a 6 cm. alleyway from forced turn to T-choice. These mazes were mirror images of each other. All mazes were pre-tested for bias by using only the T portion of the maze. The distribution of right and left turns in the pretest for all mazes did not differ significantly from chance. In the basic study, 512 meal worms were employed with N = 128 for each maze. In both the 3 cm. and 6 cm. maze (combined mirror image), the tendency to turn in the opposite direction from the forced turn was highly significant. The magnitude of the effect decreases significantly from the 3 cm. to the 6 cm. maze. These findings duplicate the original findings of Grosslight & Ticknor (1953) . The results in relation to the concepts of reactive inhibition, the original hypothesis, and the alternate explanations of centrifugal swing and thigmotaxis are discussed.
Exponential decay of Green's functions for a class of long range Hamiltonians

We consider a class of long range Hamiltonians with diagonal disorder onl2 (Z). For anyergodic potentialV with non-empty essential range, we prove the exponential decay of the Green's functions for energies in the essential range. IfV is independent identically distributed, we obtain the exponential decay of the Green's functions for all coupling constant λ>0. Moreover the Hamiltonian has only pure point spectrum.
Treatment of Power Failure by Means of Mechanical Assistance

It appears that shunt types of assist have a place at the present time in the management of patients with cardiogenic shock secondary to a correctable cardiac lesion. A shunt assist helps to maintain an adequate perfusion pressure during the period immediately preceding or subsequent to cardiac surgery. Venoarterial bypass with an oxygenator seems to offer promise for temporary correction of rightheart failure. It does not alter the basic pathology, and most patients have succumbed to their original disease following this type of cardiac assist, except where the lesion was surgically correctable. Left atrial-to-femoral artery bypass is indicated for decompression of the left atrium and augmentation of the arterial perfusion pressure and flow.
Dinoflagellates near the Cretaceous Jurassic Boundary

MANY well-preserved dinoflagellate fossils occur in Jurassic and Cretaceous marine sedimentary sections of various lithologic characteristics in the western North Atlantic and the western side of the Sacramento Valley of California1,2. We have discovered five species which are common to the two sections—las first noticed by W. R. Evitt—each occurring in the Cretaceous above the Cretaceous/Jurassic boundary, and not in the subjacent Jurassic (Fig. 1). These species are Biorbifera johnewingi Habib, Dingodinium cerviculum Cookson and Eisenack, Scriniodinium attadalense Cookson and Eisenack, and two as yet unnamed species, Polysphaeridium sp. and Pyxidiella sp. Two of the five species, B. johnewingi and Polysphaeridium sp., were found to range through most of the Berriasian (lowermost stage of the Cretaceous System) at its type locality in southern France. B. johnewingi satisfies the requirements of a stratigraphically useful guide fossil especially well; it is morphologically distinctive, geographically widespread, relatively abundant in the three areas of investigation, and of limited stratigraphic range (Berriasian-middle Valanginian). Furthermore, it first appears very near the Cretaceous/Jurassic boundary at the three localities. A sixth species, Occisucysta? sp., appears to be discordant, being confined to the uppermost Jurassic in California and the lowermost Cretaceous in the North Atlantic.
Multiple-dose kinetics of oral anticoagulants: methods of analysis and optimized dosing.

A mathematical technique for estimating the kinetic parameters that control patient response to oral anticoagulant administration is presented. The technique utilizes routinely obtained and recorded data such as anticoagulant dose regimen and prothrombin times. It is possible to apply during any stage of therapy and to gain predictive capability from data covering the measured response over a minimum period of 2 days. The applicability of the technique is demonstrated by direct comparison with two actual patient records.
Diaryl Ditellurides from grignard reagents and elemental tellurium

Abstract The one step reaction of aromatic Grignard reagents with elemental tellurium in tetrahydrofuran, followed by oxidation of the intermediates, produced diphenyl ditelluride in 80% yield and (RC 6 H 4 ) 2 Te 2 (R = 4-CH 3 , 2-CH 3 , 2-Cl, 4-Br, 4-F, 3-F, 4-C 6 H 5 ) in yields ranging from 15 to 58%. Several other aromatic Grignard reagents and all aliphatic derivatives tested failed to react. Diethyl and dibutyl ether are not suitable as solvents.
Association of ADAM10 and CAMK2A Polymorphisms with Conduct Disorder: Evidence from Family-Based Studies

Twin and family studies have shown that genetic factors play a role in the development of conduct disorder (CD). The purpose of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with CD using a family-based association study. We used 4,720 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Illumina Panel and 11,120 SNPs from the Affymetrix 10K GeneChips genotyped in 155 Caucasian nuclear families from Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 14, a subset from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). 20 SNPs had suggestive associations with CD (p < 10−3), nine of which were located in known genes, including ADAM10 (rs383902, p = 0.00036) and CAMK2A (rs2053053, p = 0.00098). Our results were verified using the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE) dataset. In conclusion, we identified several loci associated with CD. Especially, the two genes (ADAM10 and CAMK2A) have been reported to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder and depression. These findings may serve as a resource for replication in other populations.
Enabling Exploration of Deep Space: High Density Storage of Antimatter

Portable electromagnetic antiproton traps are now in a state of realization. This allows facilities like NASA Marshall Space Flight Center to conduct antimatter research remote to production sites. MSFC is currently developing a trap to store 10(exp 12) antiprotons for a twenty-day half-life period to be used in future experiments including antimatter plasma guns, antimatter-initiated microfusion, and the synthesis of antihydrogen for space propulsion applications. In 1998, issues including design, safety and transportation were considered for the MSFC High Performance Antimatter Trap (HiPAT). Radial diffusion and annihilation losses of antiprotons prompted the use of a 4 Tesla superconducting magnet and a 20 KV electrostatic potential at 10(exp -12) Torr pressure. Cryogenic fluids used to maintain a trap temperature of 4K were sized accordingly to provide twenty days of stand-alone storage time (half-life). Procurement of the superconducting magnet with associated cryostat has been completed. The inner, ultra-high vacuum system with electrode structures has been fabricated, tested and delivered to MSFC along with the magnet and cryostat. Assembly of these systems is currently in progress. Testing under high vacuum conditions, using electrons and hydrogen ions will follow in the months ahead.
Potassium and lactate uptake by noncontracting tissue during strenuous exercise

Efflux of potassium (K+) and lactate (lac-) from active skeletal muscle during high intensity exercise leads to increased plasma [K+] and [lac-] in venous and arterial blood. The exercise-induced increases in these ions in human athletes is ameliorated, in part, by uptake by noncontracting tissue, reflected by an increase in the arteriovenous difference across these tissues from rest to exercise. To test the hypothesis that these ions are taken up by noncontracting tissue in strenuously exercising horses, plasma [K+] and [lac-] were measured in blood samples collected simultaneously from the carotid artery (CA), femoral vein (FV), and transverse facial vein (TFV) in 5 unconditioned Standardbred horses performing 4.5 min of strenuous treadmill exercise. Further, the arteriovenous differences ((a-v)diff) in [K+] and [lac-] were calculated across active tissue (CA-FV) and noncontracting tissue (CA-TFV). After 3 min of strenuous exercise, plasma [K+] in FV blood (mean +/- s.e. 7.1 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) was greater (P<0.05) than in CA blood (6.8 +/- 0.2 mmol/l) and both of these concentrations were greater (P<0.05) than a value of 5.7 +/- 0.1 mmol/l in TFV blood. Similarly, plasma [lac-] increased to 20.6 +/- 0.8 and 21.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/l in CA and FV blood, respectively, and these concentrations were greater (P<0.05) than a value of 19.1 +/- 0.8 mmol/l in TFV blood. The magnitude of the (a-v)diff for both [K+] and [lac-] increased (P<0.05) across active and noncontracting tissue during high-speed exercise but the directions were opposite, supporting release by active tissue and uptake by noncontracting tissue. These results confirm that uptake of K+ and lac- by noncontracting tissue contributes to regulation of the plasma concentrations of these ions in strenuously exercising horses.
Synthetic aspects of the characterization of some silica-bound complexing agents

Abstract A number of synthetic aspects of silica-bound complexing agents are considered. Modifications of the procedure for amidization of bound amines and of the diazotizationcoupling sequence are discussed. The amidization of aminopropyl silica gel appears to be complete while that of ethylenediamine silica gel is less so. Loss of activity of the dried, bound diazonium salt appears to result from return to the Ar-NH2 form, while a decrease in metal-ion complexation capacity for 8-quinolinol silica gel compared to the aminopropyl or ethylenediamine silica gel seems to be related to steric clogging of the matrix pores by bound organic moieties. A method of stripping the azo-coupled ligand from the appendage is examined, and some infrared and thermogravimetric characterizations are presented.
Optical interconnect opportunities in supercomputers and high end computing

█ The future is bright. █ Optics will play a steadily-increasing role in systems — Must feed the transistors █ Bandwidth-density, power-efficient data transport, reliable signal integrity █ Parallel optical interconnects are fast replacing copper cables today █ Lots of interesting systems-level challenges, lots of technologies to choose from █ Optical interconnect for supercomputers and other high-end compute systems will likely grow at >200% CAGR (deployed Gb/s), assuming cost can be improved at 60% CAGR ($/Gb/s) and power can be improved at 45% CAGR (mw/Gb/s) at the same time.
Antibody production to diphtheria toxoid in vitamin deficiency states.

SummaryAntibody response to purified diphtheria toxoid in vitamin deficient rats and their respective controls has been determined. Impairment of antibody response was noted in pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, pteroylglutamic acid, biotin, riboflavin and vit. D deficiencies. Vit. A deficiency had only a moderate effect and thiamine-deficient rats showed normal antibody titers.
Modelling requirements for development of an advanced Czochralski control system

A low order model is presented that captures important equipment and process characteristics for development of an advanced control system for Czochralski crystal growth. Analysis of experimental data sets reveals important control issues, leading to development of a new control structure. A model based performance comparison of the conventional and proposed control structure is presented.
Implications of the State Monopoly Over Industry and Its Relaxation

This article argues that a single simple interpretative framework explains a great deal about China's reform process. This framework, which I label the monopoly industry framework, can account for many of the most important observed facts in China's industry and financial development over the past decade. In some respects it may be considered a superior alternative to the centralization/decentralization paradigm that has dominated much of the writing about the Chinese reform process. The basic argument is as follows. Chinese economic policy since 1949 has been founded on the government's monopoly control of industry and the price system, which was used to pump resources into government industrialization programs. Economic reforms since 1978 have substantially weakened the government's monopoly, shrinking government fiscal resources while stimulating growth of the nonstate sector. This process has had beneficial economic effects but at the same time, because no new fiscal system has been created to replace industrial monopolies, has also created serious problems. The first selection of this article puts state monopoly control over industry and prices in the context of overall development strategy in the Chinese command economy; it describes three implications of the price structure and development strategy of command economies which have received inadequate attention. The second section briefly describes changes in the role of the government budget since 1978, and shows that these changes are closely linked to changes in the state's monopoly over industry; I hypothesize that changes in the state's monopoly can explain the changes in the role of the budget.
Persistence of Antibody in Human Subjects for 7 to 10 Years following Administration of Combined Live Attenuated Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccines

AbstractAntibody persistence was measured in children in the open community 10.5 years after combined measles-mumps-rubella (14 children), 9 years after measles-rubella (17 children), 10.5 years after mumps-rubella (9 children), and 7 years after measles-mumps (20 children) vaccines were given. There were increases, declines, and stationary titers among the children in the serum samples taken 6 weeks after vaccination compared with those taken at later time periods. This reflected a decline in antibody in some children and subclinical natural reinfection in others. Importantly, all the children still retained detectable antibody, indicating long-term persistence of immunity by vaccination with combined virus vaccines.
Changes in the phosphorus metabolism of a diving turtle observed by 31P-NMR

Abstract Relative concentrations of phosphates have been measured by 31 P-NMR on the heads of intact healthy freshwater turtles capable of sustaining dives of more than 4 h with complete subsequent recovery and turnover rates under conditions of reversible hypoxia have been determined by NMR using saturation transfer techniques.
Language and the Second Generation: Bilingualism Yesterday and Today.

The language adaptation of second generation children is explored in the context of the history of linguistic absorption and bilingualism in America. Strong nativist pressures toward monolingualism...
GASIFICATION OF COAL CHARS WITH CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN

The effect of temperature and gaseous compositions on the reactivities of coal derived chars is studied. Experimental data for gasification with CO2 are correlated with a Langmuir-Hinselwood type kinetic expression, the inhibition effects of CO are quantified and the temperature dependence of all kinetic constants is presented. A first order expression is used to correlate the reaction rate data during gasification with O2. Preexponential factors and activation energies for this reaction are also reported.
Interpretation of migrated seismic reflection profiles across the northern Appalachians in Maine

Summary. A simple line-migration technique has been developed and applied to deep crustal reflection data collected in the northern Appalachians of Quebec and central Maine. Preliminary interpretation of these data, combined with the results of gravity and refraction studies, shows thinning of the crust in two distinct steps beneath the Silurian-Devonian Merrimack synclinorium and shows evidence for Mesozoic crustal stretching and dike intrusion.
Sex differences in tobacco withdrawal syndrome

Abstract Prospective data from an inpatient ( n = 20) and outpatient ( n = 50) study were examined for sex differences in tobacco withdrawal symptoms. With each subject serving as his/her own control, changes in a wide range of psysiological, psychological and behavioral measures were determined from baseline to tobacco abstinence condition. For all 46 measures, no statistically significant differences between men and women were found in either the number or severity of tobacco withdrawal symptoms.
Neural Network Based Algorithms for Comprehensive Collective Axis Limit Avoidance on Rotorcraft

Military rotorcraft are constrained by a number of operational limits designed to protect the structural integrity and controllability of the aircraft. There is interest in developing advanced control systems that provide Carefree Maneuvering capability on future rotorcraft, so that pilots can fly the entire flight envelope without requiring excessive workload to monitor limits. Recent advances in numerical algorithms and computing technologies such as neural networks are valuable tools in the implementation of such a control system. The present work is focused on developing advanced prediction algorithms for a comprehensive collective axis limit avoidance system for rotorcraft. The system is designed to simultaneously prevent exceedances of the continuous and transient transmission torque limits, transient RPM limit and engine temperature torque limit. The system is also used to assist in One Engine Inoperative (OEI) recovery and autorotation. A dynamic trim estimation algorithm using offline trained neural networks and polynomial curve-fits for torque prediction is used to calculate constraints on the collective stick for continuous torque limits. Different configurations of torque prediction are evaluated for possible implementation in existing and future rotorcraft. A peak response estimation algorithm based on linear model of aircraft dynamics is used for transient limit prediction. The system is tested using a high fidelity, non-linear simulation model of the UH-60A Black Hawk helicopter. Results were generated for a variety of maneuvers in non-real-time simulations using a simple feedback controller to simulate the pilot. A stick limiting method that combines the precision of Automatic Flight Control System (AFCS) limiting with the limit over-ride capability of tactile cueing is proposed.
Latino Access to College: Actualizing the Promise and Potential of K-16 Partnerships

The article discusses a policy trend for stronger coordination between K-12 and postsecondary education levels. Using Texas as an illustrative case, remedying Latino underrepresentation in college ...
Identification of a herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein gene within a gene cluster dispensable for growth in cell culture.

Abstract The genome of herpes simplex virus 1 consists of two components, L and S, each containing unique sequences flanked by inverted repeats. Current and earlier studies have shown that 11 of the 12 open reading frames contained in the unique sequences of the S component can be deleted and are dispensable for growth in cell culture. Analyses of one recombinant virus containing a deletion in the open reading frame US7 permitted the identification of a monoclonal antibody specific for the product of this gene. The protein encoded by this gene has a predicted translated molecular weight of 41,366 and an apparent molecular weight of approximately 65,000 in denaturing polyacrylamide gels. The electrophoretic mobility of the protein synthesized by cells in the presence of inhibitory concentrations of tunicamycin is faster than that of the protein accumulating in lysates of untreated infected cells. We conclude that the product of US7 is glycoprotein subject to N-linked glycosylation, and we have designated it glycoprotein I. These studies indicate that the unique sequences of the S component encode four glycoproteins (G, D, I, and E) of which at least three (G, I, and E) are dispensable for growth in continuous lines of primate cells.
The decay of 160Tb to levels in 160Dy

Abstract The gamma radiation associated with the beta decay of 160Tb to levels in 160Dy has been studied with curved-crystal and Ge(Li) spectrometers. Eight previously unreported transitions were observed with energies 237.638 ± 0.086 keV, 246.489 ± 0.016 keV, 349.94 ± 0.11 keV, 432.7 ± 0.6 keV, 1005 ± 1 keV, 1069.1 ± 0.4 keV and 1300.0 ± 0.8 keV. The existence of transitions at 176, 379, 486, 872 and 1286 keV has been confirmed. Gamma-gamma coincidence studies employing two Ge(Li) detectors have led to a decay scheme which is essentially that given by previous investigators with the addition of levels at 1155.8, 1288.7 and 1535.2 keV. The level at 1155.8 keV has been identified as the 4+ member of the gamma-vibrational band. No evidence was obtained for the population of any Kπ = 0+ beta-vibrational levels from the decay of 160Tb.