cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Participation of an Intermediate of Oxidative Phosphorylation in Ion Accumulation by Mitochondria

Heart mitochondria accumulate massive amounts of Mg ++ and phosphate or Ca ++ and phosphate when incubated under appropriate conditions. Studies with inhibitors of respiration, oligomycin, and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation indicate that the energy necessary for these reactions may be provided either in the form of ATP in the absence of electron transport, or in the form of a high-energy intermediate of oxidative phosphorylation, which operates even though ATP is not produced.
Geographic thought: a critical introduction

It is not often that reading a textbook makes you feel less lonely. But Tim Cresswell's Geographic Thought: A Critical Introduction has just that effect. As a guide through the history of debates i...
CW blue-green light emission from GaN and SiC by sum-frequency generation and second harmonic generation

Continuous wave (CW) back-scattered sum-frequency generation (SFG) and second harmonic generation (SHG) have been obtained from GaN and SiC. GaN samples were obtained from GaN films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE), metalorganic chemical-vapor deposition and hydride vapor-phase epitaxy. The SiC samples were obtained from 3C SiC/Si grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD), 4H and 6H single crystal SiC substrates. The samples were optically excited with two CW lasers at the red (840 nm) and the infrared (1.0 µm). SHG at 420 nm and 500 nm and SFG at 455 nm were observed. SFG and SHG were verified by measuring their relative intensities against the pumping laser power. The SHG signals from GaN and SiC samples are compared with that from KH2PO4 (KDP).
Effect of cooling of equine spermatozoa before freezing on post-thaw motility: preliminary results.

The ability to ship cooled stallion semen to a facility that specializes in cryopreservation of spermatozoa would permit stallions to remain at home while their semen is cryopreserved at facilities having the equipment and expertise to freeze the semen properly. To accomplish this goal, methods must be developed to freeze cooled shipped semen. Three experiments were conducted to determine the most appropriate spermatozoal extender, package, time of centrifugation, spermatozoal concentration and length of time after collection that spermatozoa can be cooled before crypreservation. In the first experiment, spermatozoa were centrifuged to remove seminal plasma, resuspended in either a skim milk extender, a skim milk-egg yolk-sugar extender or a skim milk-egg yolk-salt extender, cooled to 5°C and frozen in 0.5- or 2.5-mL straws either 2.5 or 24 h after cooling. Samples frozen 2.5 h after cooling had higher percentages of progressively motile (PM) spermatozoa (27%) than samples frozen 24 h after cooling (10%; P 0.05). In the second experiment, spermatozoa were centrifuged to remove seminal plasma either before (25°C) or after cooling (5°C), and spermatozoa were frozen after being cooled to 5°C for 2, 6, or The percentages of PM spermatozoa were higher (P < 0.05) for spermatozoa centrifuged before cooling (30%) than for spermatozoa centrifuged after cooling (19%). Spermatozoa centrifuged at 25°C then cooled for 12 h to 5°C had higher (P < 0.05) post-thaw progressive motility (23%) compared to spermatozoa cooled for 12 h and centrifuged at 5°C (13%). In the third experiment, spermatozoa were centrifuged for seminal plasma removal, resuspended at spermatozoal concentrations of 50, 250 or 500 x 106/mL, cooled to 5°C for 12 h and then frozen. Samples with spermatozoa packaged at 50 or 250 x 10/mL had higher (P <0.05) percentages of PM spermatozoa (25 and 23%) after freezing than did samples packaged at 500 x 106 spermatozoa/mL (17%). We recommend that semen be centrifuged at 25°C to remove seminal plasma, suspended to 250 x 106 spermatozoa.ml and held at 5°C for 12 h prior to freezing.
The Pediatric Hip

It is daunting to be following in the footsteps of Dr. Mihran O. Tachdjian, who more than 25 years ago edited the last issue of the Orthopedic Clinics of North America devoted to the pediatric hip. It is amazing to look back upon that issue and see the advances we have made in our basic understanding of the pathophysiology of the various conditions, as well as their management. When outlining this issue, I purposefully did not read the table of contents from Dr. Tachdjian’s work. Instead, I wanted to include what I thought would be practical articles pertinent for today’s practicing pediatric orthopedist. I was then pleased to find that I had overlapped in only three areas: cerebral palsy, developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), and septic arthritis. Dr. Tachdjian’s issue included contributions from authors in North America, as well as Scotland and Australia. We are honored to have not only our North American contributors, but also authors from Korea, Brazil, and Poland. Twenty-five years ago, Dr. Eberson would not have had the advancements in basic science to have written his excellent article on bGrowth and Development of the Child’s Hip.Q Dr. Synder and his associates have outlined their algorithm for the ‘‘Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip,Q a technique that was in its infancy in 1980. Dr. Forlin and colleagues share with us their experience in treating DDH in the
Polymerase chain reaction of tick-borne relapsing fever caused by Borrelia hermsii

A patient presented to our hospital with symptoms consistent with relapsing fever. A blood specimen was positive by genus-specific polymerase chain reaction, and sequencing revealed Borrelia hermsii. We propose the polymerase chain reaction as a possible alternative for currently used tests for the diagnosis of tick-borne relapsing fever.
Adaptation of cardiac myocyte contractile properties to exercise training

Recent work suggests that chronic exercise induces alterations in the contractile properties of cardiac myocytes. These alterations include increased sensitivity to activation by Ca, changes in the force-length relationship, and increased power output. A recently observed shift in expression of myosin light chain 1 subunit isoforms induced by training may provide a molecular mechanism for these contractile alterations.
Rewriting and remembering Romanian communism: some controversial issues

This article examines the dynamic relationship between the two major dimensions of memory and justice in the context of post-communist countries: truth-telling and retroactive justice. This interdependent and uneasy relationship is illustrated by recent attempts at constructing a new historical narrative of the communist past in Romania in the wake of the de-secretization of the files of both the Communist Party and the communist secret police (Securitate). A systematic analysis of the activity of institutions that have been directly involved in research and public education about the recent past – the National Archives, the National Council for the Study of Securitate's Archives, and the Institute for the Investigation of Crimes of Communism – is undertaken. The work of these three institutional actors shows a direct relationship between truth-telling in its various forms (access to archives, opening the files and exhumations) and any subsequent retroactive justice and restitution. The main argument of t...
Is measured hearing aid benefit affected by seeing baseline outcome questionnaire responses

Purpose To determine whether hearing aid outcome measured by the Hearing Handicap Inventory (HHI) for the Elderly/Adults (Newman, Weinstein, Jacobson, & Hug, 1990; Ventry & Weinstein, 1982) is diff...
On k-minimum and m-minimum edge-magic injections of graphs

An edge-magic total labelling (EMTL) of a graph G with n vertices and e edges is an injection @l:V(G)@?E(G)->[n+e], where, for every edge uv@?E(G), we have wt"@l(uv)=k"@l, the magic sum of @l. An edge-magic injection (EMI) @m of G is an injection @m:V(G)@?E(G)->N with magic sum k"@m and largest label m"@m. For a graph G we define and study the two parameters @k(G): the smallest k"@m amongst all EMI's @m of G, and m(G): the smallest m"@m amongst all EMI's @m of G. We find @k(G) for G@?G for many classes of graphs G. We present algorithms which compute the parameters @k(G) and m(G). These algorithms use a G-sequence: a sequence of integers on the vertices of G whose sum on edges is distinct. We find these parameters for all G with up to 7 vertices. We introduce the concept of a double-witness: an EMI @m of G for which both k"@m=@k(G) and m"@m=m(G); and present an algorithm to find all double-witnesses for G. The deficiency of G, def(G), is m(G)-n-e. Two new graphs on 6 vertices with def(G)=1 are presented. A previously studied parameter of G is @k"E"M"T"L(G), the magic strength of G: the smallest k"@l amongst all EMTL's @l of G. We relate @k(G) to @k"E"M"T"L(G) for various G, and find a class of graphs B for which @k"E"M"T"L(G)-@k(G) is a constant multiple of n-4 for G@?B. We specialise to G=K"n, and find both @k(K"n) and m(K"n) for all n@?11. We relate @k(K"n) and m(K"n) to known functions of n, and give lower bounds for @k(K"n) and m(K"n).
Chronic self-destructiveness: Conceptualization, measurement, and initial validation of the construct

Individual differences in various behaviors suggest that those who are primarily motivated by current emotional factors are more likely than those motivated by more distant cognitive considerations to engage in acts that are ultimately self-destructive. To assess and explore these behavioral differences, 12 samples of undergraduate subjects, totaling 864 (527 females, 337 males), a group of 15 businesswomen, and 111 male VA patients were used to develop a measure of this construct in a series of reliability and construct validity studies. By means of internal-consistency item analyses, two cross-validated 52-item measures of chronic self-destructiveness were constructed for males and females. Reliability was established with respect to internal consistency (alpha coefficients range from .73 to .97) and temporal consistency over a 1-month period (test-retest correlations range from .90 to .98). There is a slight drop in chronic self-destructiveness scores across age groups. Test scores were found to be positively related to external locus of control, negatively related to Type A coronary-prone behavior, and unrelated to either social desirability response set or need for achievement. Individuals high in chronic self-destructiveness, compared to those with low scores, are more likely to be in treatment for drug or alcohol abuse, to report having cheated in courses, to have had traffic violations, to report having gone through a rebellious stage in adolescence, and to postpone obtaining a medical test for cancer. Chronic self-destructiveness appears to be a personality dimension that affects behavior across a wide range of ages and situations.
Drug Variables in Thrombolytic Therapy

Fibrinolytic therapy has become an accepted treatment modality for recent peripheral arterial and bypass graft occlusions and, in some cases, for chronic arterial occlusions. Streptokinase, urokinase, and tissue plasminogen activator have all been used for intraarterial infusion with varying protocols and results. This review focuses on dosing variables and clinical results for the various thrombolytic agents in peripheral arterial and bypass graft occlusions. Also discussed are new thrombolytic agents and the effects of concomitant use of other drugs as part of the treatment regimen.
Separate β subunits are derivatized with 14C and 3H when the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase is doubly labeled with 7-chloro-4-nitro[14C]benzofurazan and 5′-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl[3H]inosine

Tyrosine residues 311 and 345 of the β subunit of the bovine heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase (MF1) are present on the same peptide when the enzyme is fragmented with cyanogen bromide. Maximal inactivation of MF1 with 7-chloro-4-nitro[14C]benzofurazan ([14C]Nbf-Cl) derivatizes tyrosine-311 in a single β subunit. Cyanogen bromide digests of MF1 containing the [14C]Nbf-O-derivative of tyrosine-β311 were submitted to reversed-phase HPLC, with and without prior reduction of the nitro group on the incorporated reagent with dithionite. The retention time of the radioactive cyanogen bromide peptide was shifted substantially by reduction. When a cyanogen bromide digest of MF1 inactivated with 5′-p-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl[3H]inosine (3HFSBI), which proceeds with derivatization of tyrosine-345 in a single β subunit, was submitted to HPLC under the same conditions, the fragment labeled with 3H eluted with the same retention time as the [14C]Nbf-O-derivative before reduction. Doubly labeled enzyme was prepared by first derivatizing Tyr-β311 with [14C]Nbf-Cl and then derivatizing tyrosine-β345 with [3H]FSBI with and without reducing the [14C]Nbf-O-derivative of tyrosine-β311 with dithionite before modification with [3H]FSBI. The doubly labeled enzyme preparations were digested with cyanogen bromide and submitted to HPLC. The 14C and 3H in the cyanogen bromide digest prepared from doubly labeled enzyme not submitted to reduction eluted together. In contrast, the 14C and 3H in the digest prepared from doubly labeled enzyme which had been reduced eluted separately. From these results it is concluded that different β subunits are derivatized when MF1 is doubly labeled with [14C]Nbf-Cl and [3H]FSBI.
The life history and seasonal cycle of the ant, Pheidole morrisi Forel, as revealed by wax casting

The dimorphic ant, Pheidole morrisi Forel, is the most common ant of the longleaf pine flatwoods ecosystem of northern Florida and occurs throughout the eastern USA. Although ecologically significant, its life history, and annual cycle have been little investigated. The effects of colony size and the annual cycle were described by collecting the full range of colony sizes during each of five seasonal phases (n = 40 total). Nests were cast in wax to capture and census all colony members, and to determine their vertical distribution within the nest. Colony sizes ranged from 800 to 49,000 ants, larger than previous literature reports. Colonies invested in worker production during the spring and fall and reduced worker production as they produced alates in the summer. Colonies over 3000 workers were able to produce alates, but the number was not related to colony size. Vertical distribution of nest volume was strongly top heavy, with the greatest proportion of the nest volume near the surface. The mean weight of majors was about four times that of minors. The mean percentage of total workers that were major workers (11 % by number, 30 % by weight) did not change significantly as colonies grew, but varied with season. Production of major pupae was highest in spring, so that the percentage of colony biomass represented by majors increased from about 27 % in spring to 38 % in late summer. The overall density of the ants was highest in medium-sized colonies, lowest in small colonies, and moderate in large colonies. Broadly, the colony moved lower in the nest from summer to winter and higher from winter to summer. The seasonal vertical distribution of ants suggested that the ants responded to temperature, but not crowding. Temperatures in the nest varied from 12 to 17 °C in the winter to 23–33 °C in the late summer. Broods were nearly always found in the warmest regions. The distribution of callow workers was strongly correlated with that of the brood. The results are discussed in light of the utility of the wax-casting method and the nature of the data needed to describe and understand the superorganism.
Treatment for multiple personality disorder: at what cost?

The author examines the costs of treating multiple personality disorder (MPD), and reaches the following conclusions: First, the condition is almost certainly overdiagnosed, with a resulting increa...
Global tuning knobs for the SLC final focus

The beam phase space at the exit of a given transport line generally depends on the incoming beam conditions, and thus in order to adjust the beam parameters at the exit of the line requires a prior knowledge of the initial beam parameters. The same is generally true for final focus systems. A tuning algorithm for /spl beta/ matching the SLC final focus is reported here in which no prior knowledge of the exact incoming phase space is required. Only a single beam size diagnostic located at either the interaction point (IF) or an image of the IP is required, together with a knowledge of the linear lattice from the quadrupoles to the tuning point. The algorithm is presented within the Lie Algebra framework. Although the algorithm is presented here is specific to linear collider final focus systems, the technique is generally applicable to any beamline. >
Maternal adjustment of offspring provisioning and the consequences for dispersal

Phenotypic plasticity in seed provisioning is a widespread phenomenon in plant populations that is often manifested as environmentally induced maternal effects. Environmental maternal effects can be beneficial if they influence population dynamic functions of seeds in a way that increases fitness, such as escaping from crowding. Using the winter annual plant, Dithyrea californica, we studied the response of seed provisioning to the maternal competitive environment and the associated seed dispersal consequences. We measured the average size of seeds produced by plants experiencing different competitive environments in order to test the hypothesis that mother plants respond to crowding by providing fewer resources to each offspring. We also hypothesized that smaller seeds produced by crowded mothers would benefit from greater dispersal away from their high-density natal habitat. We marked seeds with fluorescent paint while still attached to the mother plant, recorded seed diameter, and followed them for nine months after dispersal, recording the distance they moved from the mother plant. Plants that experienced more competition produced smaller seeds that dispersed farther from their mother plant. Larger seed diameter was previously shown to be associated with greater competitive ability in D. californica. Thus the production of smaller seeds in more competitive environments implies a possible trade-off between competitive ability and dispersal arising from an environmentally driven aspect of phenotype. Fitness consequences of this trade-off in the context of the year-to-year variation in rainfall and density are uncertain.
Smart agile lens remote optical sensor for three-dimensional object shape measurements

We demonstrate what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first electronically controlled variable focus lens (ECVFL)-based sensor for remote object shape sensing. Using a target illuminating laser, the axial depths of the shape features on a given object are measured by observing the intensity profile of the optical beam falling on the object surface and tuning the ECVFL focal length to form a minimum beam spot. Using a lens focal length control calibration table, the object feature depths are computed. Transverse measurement of the dimensions of each object feature is done using a surface-flooding technique that completely illuminates a given feature. Alternately, transverse measurements can also be made by the variable spatial sampling scan technique, where, depending upon the feature sizes, the spatial sampling spot beam size is controlled using the ECVFL. A proof-of-concept sensor is demonstrated using an optical beam from a laser source operating at a power of 10 mW and a wavelength of 633 nm. A three-dimensional (3D) test object constructed from LEGO building blocks forms has three mini-skyscraper structures labeled A, B, and C. The (x,y,z) dimensions for A, B, and C are (8 mm, 8 mm, 124.84 mm), (24.2 mm, 24.2 mm, 38.5 mm), and (15.86 mm, 15.86 mm, 86.74 mm), respectively. The smart sensor experimentally measured (x,y,z) dimensions for A, B, C are (7.95 mm, 7.95 mm, 120 mm), (24.1 mm, 24.1 mm, 37 mm), and (15.8 mm, 15.8 mm, 85 mm), respectively. The average shape sensor transverse measurement percentage errors for A, B, and C are ±0.625%, ±0.41%, and ±0.38%, respectively. The average shape sensor axial measurement percentage errors for A, B, and C are ±4.03%, ±3.9%, and ±2.01%, respectively. Applications for the proposed shape sensor include machine parts inspection, 3D object reconstruction, and animation
Variable-rate signalling in conjunction with coding for meteor burst communications

The author examines the use of variable-rate signaling in conjunction with error-correction coding for a meteor burst channel model which assumes that the received signal amplitude decays exponentially. The performance achievable with variable-rate signaling is quantified by calculating the cutoff rate. The average signal-to-noise ratio per bit required to support communications is calculated under the assumption that the code rate is equal to the cutoff rate. It is shown that the improvement of variable-rate signaling over fixed-rate signaling is large if the code rate is moderate to high, and that the improvement is small if the code rate is low and the decoder is provided with side information on the received signal level. >
Progress, Opportunities and Challenges in Modeling of Plasma Etching

The development of plasma etching processes is challenged by the complexity of the chemistries and the unpredictability in the performance of plasma tools due to sometimes subtle changes in design. Challenges also face the use of modeling and simulation to provide a computational assist to the development of these processes. Selected issues in developing this modeling capability will be discussed.
Separating mixtures of aerosol types in airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar data

Abstract. Knowledge of aerosol type is important for determining the magnitude and assessing the consequences of aerosol radiative forcing, and can provide useful information for source attribution studies. However, atmospheric aerosol is frequently not a single pure type, but instead occurs as a mixture of types, and this mixing affects the optical and radiative properties of the aerosol. This paper extends the work of earlier researchers by using the aerosol intensive parameters measured by the NASA Langley Research Center airborne High Spectral Resolution Lidar (HSRL-1) to develop a comprehensive and unified set of rules for characterizing the external mixing of several key aerosol intensive parameters: extinction-to-backscatter ratio (i.e., lidar ratio), backscatter color ratio, and depolarization ratio. We present the mixing rules in a particularly simple form that leads easily to mixing rules for the covariance matrices that describe aerosol distributions, rather than just single values of measured parameters. These rules can be applied to infer mixing ratios from the lidar-observed aerosol parameters, even for cases without significant depolarization. We demonstrate our technique with measurement curtains from three HSRL-1 flights which exhibit mixing between two aerosol types, urban pollution plus dust, marine plus dust, and smoke plus marine. For these cases, we infer a time-height cross-section of extinction mixing ratio along the flight track, and partition aerosol extinction into portions attributed to the two pure types.
Fatty acids in the thermophilic alga, Cyanidium caldarium

Lipids and fatty acids were compared in 20° and 45° photoautotrophically grown Cyanidium caldarium. Glycolipids were increased by 90% in 45° as compared to 20° grown cells. Linolenic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in the 20° grown cells but was very low in the 45° cultures. The replacement of linolenic acid in glycolipids might likely be met in 45° grown cells by linoleic acid since linoleic acid was increased several fold. If polyunsaturated fatty acids play a special role in photosynthesis, it would appear that linoleic acid has assumed this role in high temperature grown cells. On the other hand, phospholipids were decreased by 40% in 45° as compared with 20° grown cells. Yet, the marked decrease in linolenic acid in phospholipids is not replaced by linoleic acid.
Sequence analysis of a 282-kilobase region surrounding the citrus Tristeza virus resistance gene (Ctv) locus in Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf.

Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) is the major virus pathogen causing significant economic damage to citrus worldwide, and a single dominant gene, Ctv, provides broad spectrum resistance to CTV in Poncirus trifoliata L. Raf. Ctv was physically mapped to a 282-kb region using a P. trifoliata bacterial artificial chromosome library. This region was completely sequenced to about 8× coverage using a shotgun sequencing strategy and primer walking for gap closure. Sequence analysis predicts 22 putative genes, two mutator-like transposons and eight retrotransposons. This sequence analysis also revealed some interesting features of this region of the P. trifoliata genome: a disease resistance gene cluster with seven members and eight retrotransposons clustered in a 125-kb gene-poor region. Comparative sequence analysis suggests that six genes in the Ctv region have significant sequence similarity with their orthologs in bacterial artificial chromosome clones F7H2 and F21T11 from Arabidopsis chromosome I. However, the analysis of gene colinearity between P. trifoliata and Arabidopsis indicates that Arabidopsis genome sequence information may be of limited use for positional gene cloning in P. trifoliata and citrus. Analysis of candidate genes for Ctv is also discussed.
Proximity to encroaching coconut palm limits native forest water use and persistence on a Pacific atoll

Ken W. Krauss, Jamie A. Duberstein,* Nicole Cormier, Hillary S. Young and Stacie A. Hathaway 1 US Geological Survey, National Wetlands Research Center, 700 Cajundome Blvd., Lafayette, LA, 70506, USA 2 Baruch Institute of Coastal Ecology and Forest Science, Clemson University, Georgetown, SC, 28442, USA 3 Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California – Santa Barbara, Noble Hall 2116, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106-9620, USA 4 US Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, 4165 Spruance Road, Suite 200, San Diego, CA, 92101, USA
Active force in rabbit ventricular myocytes.

Although recent technical advances have established the feasibility of force measurements in single cardiac myocytes, the physiological relevance of this model has not been fully evaluated. We measured active force and sarcomere length in single rabbit left ventricular mycocytes and compared their physiological responses to changes in stimulus interval, calcium concentration and sarcomere length to results from isolated papillary muscles. Myocytes were attached to two poly-l-lysine-coated glass plates and force was measured with a capacitive force transducer (Cambridge 406A). Stable recordings from a continuously contracting myocyte could be maintained for over 1 h. In five cells, increasing stimulus interval significantly decreased active force development. This force-stimulus interval relation was similar to that obtained from papillary muscles. In one cell, we obtained a force-length relation that was similar to force-length relations from multicellular preparations. Active stresses (active forces normalized by cross-sectional area) were of similar magnitude when comparing myocytes (at slack length) and papillary muscles (at 85% of Lmax). These results confirm the physiological relevance of force measurements obtained from intact mammalian cardiac myocytes.
Simultaneous switching noise: influence of plane-plane and plane-signal trace coupling

The paper presents an aspect of simultaneous switching noise (SSN) for CMOS drivers in packages with power distribution planes. The analysis takes into account the interactions between power distribution planes and signal traces. Coupling between these have a significant effect on the noise and must be taken into account. A model for the interaction between the signal conductors and the current paths in the power distribution planes is presented. The presence of the signal conductors is seen to have a significant impact on the SSN. The magnitude of the noise is strongly dependent on the relative positions of the signal conductors and the power and ground plane pin connections. Power and ground planes sufficiently close to each other also have significant mutual inductive coupling. This coupling will cause noise to be observed in both distribution planes, even though switching current flows in only one plane. This effect is explained. >
Quantitative analysis of rate-dependent of human heart failure action potential model on alternans onset and arrhythmias

It is known that at the living organism level, heart failure (HF) increases the susceptibility to and incidence of cardiac alternans, both of which are strongly associated with sudden cardiac death (SCD). We use mathematical models to investigate how electrophysiological properties consistent with heart failure affect the onset and magnitude of electrical alternans and its mechanism compared to similar cases in normal human cells. We study how APD restitution curves and short-term memory are altered in normal and HF-affected cells and tissue. We compare our results with available experimental observations and find good agreement.
UV-visible spectroscopy of macrocyclic alkyl, nitrosyl and halide complexes of cobalt and rhodium. Experiment and calculation

Transition metal complexes (NH3)5CoX2+ (X = CH3, Cl) and L(H2O)MX2+, where M = Rh or Co, X = CH3, NO, or Cl, and L is a macrocyclic N4 ligand are examined by both experiment and computation to better understand their electronic spectra and associated photochemistry. Specifically, irradiation into weak visible bands of nitrosyl and alkyl complexes (NH3)5CoCH32+ and L(H2O)MIIIX2+ (X = CH3 or NO) leads to photohomolysis that generates the divalent metal complex and ˙CH3 or ˙NO, respectively. On the other hand, when X = halide or NO2, visible light photolysis leads to dissociation of X− and/or cis/trans isomerization. Computations show that visible bands for alkyl and nitrosyl complexes involve transitions from M–X bonding orbitals and/or metal d orbitals to M–X antibonding orbitals. In contrast, complexes with X = Cl or NO2 exhibit only d–d bands in the visible, so that homolytic cleavage of the M–X bond requires UV photolysis. UV-Vis spectra are not significantly dependent on the structure of the equatorial ligands, as shown by similar spectral features for (NH3)5CoCH32+ and L1(H2O)CoCH32+.
Estimation of a simple class of multivariate rational expectations models: A test of the new classical model at a sectoral level

This paper extends the results obtained by Pagan (1984) and Turkington (1985) for single equation rational expectations (RE) models to multivariate RE models and shows that the errorsin-variables method and the substitution method discussed in Wickens (1982) lead to exactly the same likelihood function. The paper also considers multivariate RE models with unanticipated variables and includes an empirical application to the problem of testing the natural rate-rational expectations (NR-RE) hypothesis at the disaggregate level using U.S. data over the period 1955–1985.
Optocoupler BGA package

The article presents the design of an optocoupler BGA. A low profile miniature surface mount component is described up to 1.20 mm in height having a footprint smaller than the current PDIP form factors. The optocoupler BGA does not need encapsulation (mold compounds) and its manufacturing tooling is form factor independent. Its design also lends itself to improved reliability performance in accelerated tests such as thermal cycling. Using Pb-free solder balls an all Pb-free package can be constructed.
Electrosensory information processing by lateral-line lobe neurons of catfish investigated by means of white noise cross-correlation

Abstract 1. 1. Information processing by the electroreceptor system of Ictalurus nebulosus LeS. has been investigated using a white noise cross-correlation technique. 2. 2. A model is presented which makes it possible to predict responses of primary and secondary neurons to arbitrary electric stimuli. 3. 3. Primary neurons are adequately characterized by their first-order Wiener kernels. 4. 4. Secondary neurons are represented by a simple integrating filter followed by a squarer.
A segmentation-based approach to delivering multimedia files in content distribution networks

In this paper we propose a novel segmentation-based approach for delivering multimedia files in content distribution networks. Each media file is divided into segments and the number of copies distributed to replica servers for each segment is designed in such a way that we can reduce the storage requirement at the replica servers, accommodate the bursty arrival of client requests, and at the same time achieve a small latency for the clients. We analyze the effect of the size of segments on the total storage requirement and give a lower bound. We design a scheduling algorithm that can take advantage of the increased capacity of access links of clients. Our simulations show that the segmentation-based approach can reduce the latency and the rejection rate significantly over those approaches that deliver the whole or the prefix part of media files to replica servers.
Obstructive Airways Disease With Air Trapping Among Firefighters Exposed to World Trade Center Dust

Background The World Trade Center (WTC) collapse produced a massive exposure to respirable particulates in New York City Fire Department (FDNY) rescue workers. This group had spirometry examinations pre-September 11, 2001, and post-September 11, 2001, demonstrating declines in lung function with parallel declines in FEV 1 and FVC. To date, the underlying pathophysiologic cause for this has been open to question. Methods Of 13,234 participants in the FDNY-WTC Monitoring Program, 1,720 (13%) were referred for pulmonary subspecialty evaluation at a single institution. Evaluation included 919 full pulmonary function tests, 1,219 methacholine challenge tests, and 982 high-resolution chest CT scans. Results At pulmonary evaluation (median 34 months post-September 11, 2001), median values were FEV 1 93% predicted (interquartile range [IQR], 83%-101%), FVC 98% predicted (IQR, 89%-106%), and FEV 1 /FVC 0.78 (IQR, 0.72-0.82). The residual volume (RV) was 123% predicted (IQR, 106%-147%) with nearly all participants having normal total lung capacity, functional residual capacity, and diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide. Also, 1,051/1,720 (59%) had obstructive airways disease based on at least one of the following: FEV 1 /FVC, bronchodilator responsiveness, hyperreactivity, or elevated RV. After adjusting for age, gender, race, height and weight, and tobacco use, the decline in FEV 1 post-September 11, 2001, was significantly correlated with increased RV percent predicted ( P P P = .0056). CT scans demonstrated bronchial wall thickening that was significantly associated with the decline in FEV 1 post-September 11, 2001 ( P = .024), increases in hyperreactivity ( P P Conclusions Airways obstruction was the predominant physiologic finding underlying the reduction in lung function post-September 11, 2001, in FDNY WTC rescue workers presenting for pulmonary evaluation.
Exploring the Impact of Changes in Group Composition on Trends in Specialization

Stander and colleagues, in 1989, noted that change in specialization may be caused by two distinct but potentially complementary processes: (a) a change in group composition, where change in specialization is the product of the attrition of offenders who vary systematically in their tendency to specialize; and (b) a change in the tendency to specialize among persistent offenders. Results of the current study support earlier work finding change in the tendency to specialize among persistent offenders. Results also show that those who desist do differ in their tendency to specialize in drug and miscellaneous offenses, thereby suggesting that attrition will influence trends in specialization for these offense types. Post hoc analyses indicate that the relative influence of changes in group composition on trends in specialization is minor.
Online improvement of speed and tracking performance on repetitive paths

When a mechanism such as a robot executes a trajectory, the tracking error increases as the trajectory speed is increased. This paper reports the experimental evaluation of an algorithm which locally adjusts the speed of a repetitive trajectory to achieve a specified level of tracking error. In regions of the trajectory where error is too high, the trajectory is slowed down, in regions where the error is below the specification, the trajectory is speeded up. The algorithm was experimentally evaluated on a five-axis mini direct-drive robot and it stably converged to a satisfactory trajectory for a range of error levels and speeds in spite of wide variations in the key algorithm parameters. The method is independent of the splining method used to generate the trajectory and of the feedback control law, and no model of the system is required.
Sports Reporting: A Comprehensive Review of the Medical Literature Regarding North American Professional Sports

AbstractBackground: The increased physical demands of professional athletes predispose this patient population to a unique set of injuries typically not seen in the general population. This systematic literature review investigates the nature of injury reporting (both orthopedic and nonorthopedic conditions) in the medical literature of professional athletes in the National Football League (NFL), Major League Baseball (MLB), the National Basketball Association (NBA), and the National Hockey League (NHL). Rigorous reporting of sports injuries helps clinicians better understand disease mechanisms relevant to specific sports. Hypothesis: The nature of injury reporting will differ within each professional sport and reflect the anatomic emphasis of each sport. Methods: An electronic literature search of all publications addressing injuries and medical conditions among professional athletes in the NFL, MLB, NBA, and NHL was conducted using the Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, and Embase databases through January 2013. R...
Perceptions of the Religion-Health Connection Among African American Church Members

In this qualitative study, the authors examine perceptions of the religiosity-health connection among African American church members. They conducted 33 interviews with members of predominately African American churches. The clergy and members from each congregation completed semistructured interviews. Participants described the religiosity-health connection in their own words and talked about whether and how their religious beliefs and practices affect their health. The authors derived an open coding scheme from the data using an inductive process. Themes that emerged spontaneously and consistently included but were not limited to spiritual health, mental health's effects on physical health, importance of the church family, giving problems up to God, and the body as a temple of God. These religion-health themes might hold promise for integration into church-based health promotion interventions for this population.
Business Education Innovation: How Common Exams Can Improve University Teaching.

Although there is significant research on improving college-level teaching practices, most literature in the field assumes an incentive for improvement. The research presented in this paper addresses the issue of poor incentives for improving university-level teaching. Specifically, it proposes instructor-designed common examinations as an incentive for teaching improvement and uses empirical data from business school student tests to illustrate the utility of such assessments. Results were drawn from almost 250 college students who had different professors for the same course. Comparing the data from a common assessment revealed important differences about what students learn and created opportunities and incentives to improve teaching practices in a way few other methods can.
Characterization of thermal resistance coefficient of high-power LEDs

Heat at the junction of light-emitting diodes (LED) affects the overall performance of the LED in terms of light output, spectrum, and life. Usually it is difficult to measure junction temperature of a LED directly. There are several techniques for estimating LED junction temperature. One-dimensional heat transfer analysis is one of the most popular methods for estimating the junction temperature. However, this method requires accurate knowledge of the thermal resistance coefficient from the junction to the board or pin. An experimental study was conducted to investigate what factors affected the thermal resistance coefficient from the junction to the board of high-power LED. Results showed that the thermal resistance coefficient changed as a function of ambient temperature, power dissipation at the junction, the amount of heat sink attached to the LED, and the orientation of the LED with the heat sink. This creates a challenge for using onedimensional heat transfer analysis to estimate junction temperature of LEDs once incorporated into a lighting system. However, it was observed that junction temperature and board temperature maintains a linear relationship if the power dissipation at the junction is held constant.
Sefela sa Mokone Matabola: The composition of a taped performance

Research on the Difela (chants of Basotho migrant workers) during the 1980s shows a global approach in that it describes the genre in terms of its overhead properties. Here it is argued that the time has come for the description of individual chants, which could add to our insight in the compositional skills of individual poets and which could lead to a taxonomy of types. Mokone Matabola's two-minute chant is viewed from a segmental (or textual) and suprasegmental (or melodic) level. The two levels are then compared in terms of their significance to the oral style, generic type, and the commitment of verbal art to the portrayal and digestion of the human predicament, both literary and social.
Study of thalassemia minor in three generations of an Italian family.

1. Three generations of a family of Italian descent were studied. Nine of 13 members were found to have thalassemia minor. 2. Genetic studies indicate that this mild, microcytic hypochromic anemia characterized by the presence of target and elliptical cells and other bizarre forms and by increased resistance to hypotonic saline, results from heterozygosity of an inherited factor, which, when homozygous, produces thalassemia major or Cooley’s Mediterranean anemia. 3. If individuals heterozygous for this factor (thalassemia minor) marry other heterozygous individuals, one quarter of the offspring can be expected to be homozygous (thalassemia major), one half heterozygous (thalassemia minor) and one quarter free of the trait. 4. The presence of thalassemia minor apparently did not interfere with the general health of affected members of this family and did not appear to shorten life expectancy. The importance of the condition lies in its relation to thalassemia major.
Performance assessment of a single-pixel compressive sensing imaging system

ABSTRACT Conventional electro-optical and infrared (EO/IR) systems captu re an image by measuring the light incident at each of the millions of pixels in a focal plane array. Compressive sensing (CS) involves capturing a smaller number of unconventional measurements from the scene, and then using a companion process known as sparse reconstruction to recover the image as if a fully populated array that satisfies the Nyquist criteria was used. Therefore, CS operates under the assumption that signal acquisition and data compression can be accomplished simultaneously. CS has the potential to acquire an image with equivalent in formation content to a large format array while using smaller, cheaper, and lower bandwidth components. However, the benefits of CS do not come without compromise. The CS architecture chosen must effectively balance between physi cal considerations (SWaP-C), reconstruction accuracy, and reconstruction speed to meet operational requirements. To properly assess the value of such systems, it is necessa ry to fully characterize the image quality, including artifacts and sensitivity to noise. Imagery of the two-handheld object target set at range was collected using a passive SWIR single-pixel CS camera for various ranges, mirror resolution, and number of processed measurements. Human perception experiments were performed to determine the identification performance within the trade space. The performance of the non linear CS camera was modeled with the Night Vi sion Integrated Performance Model (NV-IPM) by mapping the nonlinear degradations to an equivalent linear shift invariant model. Finally, the limitations of CS modeling techniques will be discussed. Keywords: Performance modeling, compressive sensing, computational imaging, NV-IPM, single-pixel camera
Study of Surface Water-injection Pipeline Network Corrosion in Oil Field

The pipeline network corrosion of oil recovery plant No.1 in Daqing oil field were investigated.By developing the practical experimentation and testing analysis,the influencing factors of corrosion rate were found out.It can be concluded that corrosion rate will increased with the content of dissolved oxygen and the concentration of chlorine hydronium and the amount of sulfate reducing bacteria.The pipeline network corrosion gives priority to oxygen corrosion and gains the supplement of animalcule corrosion and carbon dioxide corrosion in which hydrogen depolarization reaction occurs mainly.
Characteristics and preventive measures of Vibrio parahaemolyticus food poisioning

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a common pathogen of the foodborne disease .In recent years cases of food poisoning caused by this bacteria increased year by year, particularly in the coastal areas. Based on the related domestic and foreign literatures, this paper reviewed the biological characteristics, epidemiological characteristics, clinical data of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, as well as the characteristics of food poisoning caused by this bacteria, and its prevention and control measures, which provided the reference for the detection, diagnosis , prevention and control of Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
LexSearch: An approach for leveraging semantic annotations to searching ontologies

Recent advancements in the semantic Web has resulted in the proliferation of a number of domain-specific ontologies and vocabularies. Consequently, the ability to effectively and efficiently search ontologies has emerged as an important problem. More often the users, ranging from naive to domain-experts, who seek ontologies for their application (e.g., analysis of patient data) either use existing search engines such as Swoogle (Ding et al. 2004) or solicit suggestions from peers (e.g., via mailing lists). Unsurprisingly, this is a very cumbersome and labor intensive process. Towards this end, in this paper we propose LexSearch—a technique that facilitates data-driven (semi-) automatic ontology search. Specifically, LexSearch leverages semantic annotations or tags created by the users and experts to generate a triple-based data model which is applied for selecting domain-specific ontologies. The discovered ontologies are then ranked primarily based on content coverage. An important aspect of LexSearch is to provide an uniform ontology-language agnostic framework for finding multiple ontologies that takes into consideration various relationships between the on-
Concurrent renal cell and transitional cell carcinoma in a single kidney: A case report

Abstract We report a case of 2 concurrent primary renal tumors of differing histology within the same kidney. A review of the literature to date indicates this event to be rare. With 1 exception, all previous cases have been combined renal cell and transitional cell carcinomas.