cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Smooth muscle-selective CPI-17 expression increases vascular smooth muscle contraction and blood pressure

Recent data revealed that protein kinase C-potentiated myosin phosphatase inhibitor of 17 kDa (CPI-17), a myosin phosphatase inhibitory protein preferentially expressed in smooth muscle, is upregulated/activated in several diseases but whether this CPI-17 increase plays a causal role in pathologically enhanced vascular smooth muscle contractility and blood pressure remains unclear. To address this possibility, we generated a smooth muscle-specific CPI-17 transgenic mouse model (CPI-17-Tg) and demonstrated that the CPI-17 transgene was selectively expressed in smooth muscle-enriched tissues, including mesenteric arteries. The isometric contractions in the isolated second-order branch of mesenteric artery helical strips from CPI-17-Tg mice were significantly enhanced compared with controls in response to phenylephrine, U-46619, serotonin, ANG II, high potassium, and calcium. The perfusion pressure increases in isolated perfused mesenteric vascular beds in response to norepinephrine were also enhanced in CPI-17-Tg mice. The hypercontractility was associated with increased phosphorylation of CPI-17 and 20-kDa myosin light chain under basal and stimulated conditions. Surprisingly, the protein levels of rho kinase 2 and protein kinase Cα/δ were significantly increased in CPI-17-Tg mouse mesenteric arteries. Radiotelemetry measurements demonstrated that blood pressure was significantly increased in CPI-17-Tg mice. However, no vascular remodeling was detected by morphometric analysis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that increased CPI-17 expression in smooth muscle promotes vascular smooth muscle contractility and increases blood pressure, implicating a pathological significant role of CPI-17 upregulation.
“Transitional” Typefaces: The History of a Typefounding Classification

Transitional is a term often used to describe the design of certain printing types. Some value the term for offering a finer-grained distinction between the venerated categories of old-face and modern forms of roman text types. Meanwhile, others reject it, often with the rationale that it implies a historical development that the facts do not bear out. Still, the misgivings of these naysayers have not prevented the frequent use of transitional by classifiers of type design for many generations. How did a potentially ill-conceived term take hold? The historical context of transitional’s emergence sheds light on the success of its entry into the parlance. Although arguably inaccurate and even inherently problematic, the transitional label for type designs fitted the paradigms of cultural history current at its emergence. To make my case, I outline a trio of connected terms in type classification—old-face (or oldstyle),1 transitional, and modern— and then take a closer look at examples of each. I then look at some problems that arise with the term transitional. Finally, I discuss the historical context of the term’s emergence: when it was introduced, what changes were taking place in the type world at that time, and what models for cultural development were current in the broader world.
CNC machine tool work offset error compensation method

Abstract Machine tool accuracy and repeatability is one of the most important considerations for manufacturing parts with the required quality for consistent performance in their assemblies. One of the most challenging areas has been the ability to quickly identify and evaluate the quasi-static and dynamic machine errors and apply the corresponding error models to compensate. Because there are many challenges associated with some methods, including the cost in design, analysis and control of precision machine tools, the compensation method has been the most effective approach to control part quality. However, error compensation by measurement of geometric errors is greatly affected by the error modeling and error measurement methods, which could require significant machine downtime to implement. This paper presents the development of a global offset compensation method utilizing the measurements of the machined part(s). The global offset for a machine tool is estimated through a model while utilizing the computed deviation between the measured and nominal dimensions of the part. Furthermore, the paper presents several other compensation concepts supporting the global offset method. The strengths and limitations of all compensation methods are also discussed.
The effect of erythropoietin in normal healthy volunteers and pediatric patients with burn injuries.

Background Surgical procedures result in blood loss that can require replacement transfusions. Such therapy may result in multiple adverse sequelae, including transmission of infectious diseases and immune impairment. Alternative therapies are therefore desirable. Methods We evaluated the ability of recombinant human erythropoietin (rEPO) to increase red blood cell production in both normal healthy volunteers and patients with burn injuries. The effect of rEPO on immune function in the volunteers was also evaluated. The volunteers received 150 units/kg rEPO daily for 7 days, with immune function and hematopoiesis assayed on days 0, 7, and 14. The patients with burn injuries received either 500 units/kg/day rEPO with iron supplementation or merely the iron. Results rEPO increased erythropoiesis in both the volunteers and the patients with burn injuries. Failure to provide iron supplementation to the volunteers resulted in significant depletion of iron stores with a concomitant impairment in immune function that paralleled the iron depletion. Conclusions rEPO therapy offers the potential to increase red blood cell production in surgical patients. Failure to provide iron supplementation in patients receiving rEPO can lead to a rapid depletion of iron stores and may contribute to an immune dysfunction.
DNA sequence amplification in mammalian cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes DNA sequence amplification in mammalian cells. The synthesis of a chromosomal DNA fiber occurs through the agency of thousands of tandemly arranged replicons, each of which usually functions only once in a given S period to ensure that the fiber is exactly duplicated along its entire length. The result of this process is that the two identical daughter chromatids lay side-by-side, connected by a centromere, until the separation of chromatids occurs at mitosis and the ploidy of each daughter cell is restored to the original configuration. There are exceptions to this mode of replication, however, in which, parts of chromosomes or the entire chromosomal complement are rereplicated prior to a cell division event, with the consequence that the genetic constitution of the cell can be increased in total, or only at selected loci. This chapter illustrates examples of selective DNA amplification in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. It discusses the cytological manifestations of gene amplification and the stability of the process.
Translation of Murawwaja Islāmī Baynkārī awr Jamhūr ʿUlamā kay Mawqaf kā Khulāṣa (A Collective Fatwa Against Islamic Banking)

Translation of Jāmiʿa ʿUlūm Islāmiyya, Banūrī Town, "Murawwaja Islāmī Baynkārī awr Jamhūr ʿUlamā kay Mawqaf kā Khulāṣa." Bayyināt 71, no. 9 (2008).
Attempts to enhance infectivity of adenovirus type 8 for cell cultures.

SummaryThe prototype strain of adenovirus type 8 grew in Maben cells best at 36°C but yielded maximal infective titers of only 100-300 TCID50/ml. Serial passage at 31 or 39°C did not enhance the infective titer. Serial passage of undiluted degenerated cell culture gave no evidence of an interfering material. The consistently low titer of infective adenovirus type 8 in many different cell lines appears to be a specific characteristic of that agent.
Role of fluid injection in the evolution of fractured reservoirs

Abstract A survey is provided of some of the better known examples of quantitative results during fluid injection on number, quality, and weakening effects for fractures in earth reservoirs along with some comparisons to either well-known or better-known theories of both fracture arrival and/or new growth of existing fractures through both fluid injection and stress application. The detailed analyses presented focus on reservoirs having (at worst) orthotropic symmetry.
Making a difference: an overview of humanitarian free open source systems

Humanitarian Free Open Source Software (HFOSS) serves philanthropic goals that usually benefit non-profit organizations meant to improve the human condition. The altruistic goals these systems serve can offer developers additional motivation for contributing to OSS and have been seen as a way to attract more women to computing majors and to improve students' learning. We present an exploratory study of the currently existing HFOSS projects, aimed at giving an overview of their properties, including the most common application domains and the most popular programming languages used in this kind of systems. We also investigated the assumption that HFOSS systems attract more women developers and found the assumption to be incorrect.
Lithium-Ion Model Behavior in an Ethylene Carbonate Electrolyte Using Molecular Dynamics

The performance of lithium-ion batteries is strongly dependent on the nature of the electrolyte, and a better understanding of the role of the electrolyte in ion transport and the formation of the solid–electrolyte interface is critical for the performance improvement of such batteries. New cathode and anode materials demand new and/or improved electrolytes that are less sensitive to operating conditions and provide higher conductivity and mobility of ions between electrodes. A clear understanding of the solvation of electrolytes in solvents is essential for improving the performance and cycle life of Li-ion batteries. In this work, the behavior of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in ethylene carbonate was characterized using classical molecular dynamics simulations and ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The solvation structures of both Li+ and PF6– in the electrolyte were analyzed in detail, and the intermolecular and intramolecular potentials were found to produce all of the esse...
Maternal perceptions of nutrition, stress, time, and assistance during mealtimes: Similarities and differences between mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders and mothers of children with typical development

ABSTRACTThis study examined similarities and differences between mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and mothers of preschool children with typical development (TD) in their perceptions of four mealtime outcomes: nutritional intake, stress, time, and assistance given. One group of 24 mothers of children with ASD and one group of 24 mothers of children with TD completed a 3-day mealtime survey that addressed these four mealtime perceptions. Results from this study showed many similarities and some significant differences between the two groups of mothers during specific mealtimes. Mothers of children with ASD reported they perceived their child ate less nutritiously during breakfast, felt more stressed during dinner, and required more assistance during breakfast and snacks compared to mothers of children with TD. Family’s mealtime expectations and mealtime routines are discussed. Implications for interdisciplinary mealtime interventions for families with children with ASD. Fu...
Advance care planning in adolescents with cystic fibrosis: A quality improvement project

SummaryIntroduction Advance care planning (ACP), though recommended, has not been studied in adolescents with cystic fibrosis (CF). This quality improvement project engaged adolescents with advanced CF disease in ACP and assessed patient and CF provider attitudes and preferences regarding ACP discussions and tools. Materials and Methods Patients ≤22 years with advanced CF (FEV1 ≤40% predicted, >2 pulmonary exacerbations requiring IV antibiotics in 1 year, and/or use of home oxygen or non-invasive ventilation) were referred to the pediatric palliative care team (PC). After establishing rapport, ACP was discussed using Voicing My CHOiCES™: An Advanced Care Planning Guide (VMC). Patients completed a survey assessing attitudes and preferences around ACP. PC also led a training session for CF providers around ACP and VMC and provider attitudes were assessed via a pre- and post-training survey. Results Twelve patients (mean age 17.9 ± 2.2 years) reviewed VMC and completed the ACP survey. The majority (83%) found ACP helpful. None felt it was harmful. All found VMC easy to understand and 90% felt it was appropriate for patients with CF. Of participating CF providers (pre-training, n = 6; post-training, n = 7), 83% found ACP worthwhile, but desired more training in this area. All found the training session useful and felt VMC was appropriate for patients with CF. Discussion Adolescents with advanced CF disease felt ACP was a positive experience and not harmful. CF providers valued ACP, but desired more training. Both patients and providers felt that VMC was a useful, disease-appropriate tool. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:1304–1310. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Semiotics of Marketing: Selling with Signs

The interest of marketers in semiotics is dealt with and some of the basic principles of semiotic theory are considered: the definition of signs, the arbitrary relationship that exists between the two parts of signs—their signifiers and signifieds—and Saussure’s ideas about concepts being defined differentially. This is followed by a discussion on the ideas of Charles Sanders Peirce on the three basic kinds of signs: icons, indexes, and symbols. Some topics related to semiotic thought are explored such as metaphor and metonymy, the work of a French semiotician, Roland Barthes, and several works dealing with semiotics and marketing are quoted.
Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK) expression in primary breast cancer correlates with recurrence-free survival and development of bone metastases in I-SPY1 (CALGB 150007/150012; ACRIN 6657)

The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK)/RANK ligand (RANKL)/osteoprotegerin (OPG) axis may contribute to the development of bone metastases (BM). We studied gene expression in this pathway in primary breast cancer (BC) to determine correlations with clinical characteristics and outcomes in the neoadjuvant I-SPY1 study. We evaluated RANK/RANKL/OPG expression using expression microarrays in I-SPY1 (n = 149). Associations with clinical features were determined using t test and ANOVA. Associations between biomarker high versus low groups (dichotomized at an optimal cutpoint) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were evaluated using the log-rank test and in a multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. A pooled external neoadjuvant cohort with gene expression data (GSE25066) (Hatzis et al. in JAMA 305(18):1873–1881, 30) (n = 425) was used for validation. Associations with site-specific relapse were evaluated using the t-test and multivariate logistic regression adjusting for hormone receptor (HR) status. RANK was significantly higher in HR negative versus HR positive (p = 0.027), in basal versus non-basal disease (p = 0.004), and in those achieving pathologic complete response (p = 0.038); the associations with HR negative and basal BC were also significant in GSE25066. In both datasets, higher RANK associated with significantly worse RFS (I-SPY1: p = 0.045, GSE25066: p = 0.044). However, this association did not remain significant after adjusting for HR status. In I-SPY1 patients with recurrence, higher RANK correlated with BM versus non-BM (p = 0.045), even after adjusting for HR status (p = 0.035). RANK is increased in HR negative and basal BC, and correlates with worse RFS and risk of BM. The RANK pathway is a potential therapeutic target in BC.
Sol-Gel Routes to Ceramics and Glasses I. Gels

This work describes some significant differences between alkoxide gels and colloidal particulate gels which are important for fundamental understanding and for the manufacture of ceramic and glass products. The experimentally observed differences in rheology between the two gel types are rationalized using fundamental theories advanced by Iler. The most significant difference is the irreversible nature of the gel formed from ethanolic solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and the highly reversible nature of the fumed silica gels in water and in alcohol. Two possible reasons for this difference are advanced: variation in the fundamental type of dominant network bond, viz. primary chemical bonds for the alkoxide gels versus secondary physical type bonds for the fumed silica gels, and in the amount of adsorbed liquid that could function as an internal lubricant. Other important observations relating to the fundamental structure of the alkoxide gels involve the duration of highly exothermic reactions and the formation of colloidal particles that appeared to promote gellation. These observations support the conclusion that the alkoxide gels could be formed by a network of colloidal particles or by precursors to these solid particles, i.e., by aggregates of hydrolyzed TEOS oligomers.
Chapter 11 – It's Really Not about the Money: The Financing and Payment of Physician Services

Publisher Summary Traditional efforts by the physician community to remove the issue of money from the physician–patient relationship were thwarted when managed care plans reintroduced money as a direct factor in the service equation. Physician roles expanded to include health care cost management in addition to patient advocacy. From the middle of the nineteenth century until the late twentieth century, the way of purchasing medical services changed as physicians successfully restructured both their clinical and their economic relationships with patients. Through this effort, physicians controlled and directed the growth and development of the health-care industry. The profession expertly crafted its dominant position by championing the scientific approach to medical care and the fiduciary responsibility of physicians to act solely in the best interest of their patients. Manipulation of financial incentives alone will not fundamentally change delivery and financing models in the way required to equitably balance cost, quality, and access issues. The challenges and costs associated with restructuring patient–physician relationship and the health care industry are great. In a competitive market environment, however, the possibility of aligning physician incentives in a way that benefits the public while minimizing concerns is promising. The essence of good care is the cooperative interaction between an informed patient, and an engaged and caring physician. In this scenario, the role of money and the payment plan developed for physicians will be addressed in a way that will meet the requirements of all participants.
PREVALENCE AND CLINICAL IMPACT OF EARLY POSTOPERATIVE VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS AFTER CONGENITAL HEART SURGERY

A comprehensive evaluation of early postoperative ventricular arrhythmias (VA) in pediatric CHD patients has not been completed. We aim to determine the incidence and clinical relevance of VA in the post-operative period using a large cohort (> 2500 surgeries) with prospective arrhythmia
Screening of Cercis (Redbud) Taxa for Ability to Root From Cuttings

Abstract The redbud (Cercis species) is a popular landscape small tree or shrub that is valued commercially for its early spring bloom and adaptability to a variety of environmental conditions. Despite its value to the nursery and landscape industies, large-scale production ofredbud has been limited, due in part to the difficulty of propagating clonal (cultivar) material. We screened 11 Cercis taxa for the ability of stem cuttings to regenerate adventitious roots using four growth regulator treatments: Dyna-Gro K-L-N, Woods Rooting Compound, Hormo-Root 2, and KIBA. Overall, C. chingii, C. glabra, and C. yunnanensis had the highest percentage of cuttings that produced roots. The Hormo-Root 2 treatment resulted in the highest rooting percentage over all taxa combined. C. chingii produced the most roots, while C. gigantea, C. siliquastrum, and C. yunnanensis produced the longest roots. Selected clones from this study will be used in our established Cercis breeding program to broaden the genetic base of culti...
Impedance Spectroscopy of Newt Tails

We use impedance spectroscopy to characterize the electrical properties of newt tail. The newt model has attracted recent interest because the regeneration of newt tail and limbs may provide insights into tissue engineering for mammals. Impedance spectroscopy could provide a convenient means to monitor the progress of regeneration while various controlling stimuli are applied. In this initial phase of our research we compare the impedance spectra of healthy and necrotic tail tissue and identify a potentially confusing artifact in the spectra due to interneedle capacitance.
SOME RESULTS ON HOPF ALGEBRAS OF FROBENIUS TYPE

This paper includes material from the preprint [K1], which was titled ”Some computations for semisimple Hopf algebras”.
Relationship Between High Fasting Blood Sugar and Depression in a Mental Hygiene Clinic Population

The relationship between diagnosis and abnormally high fasting blood sugar levels was reviewed for 4,994 patients in a mental hygiene clinic. Fifty-four patients exceeded the criterion level of fasting blood sugar abnormality, FBS greater than or equal to 145 mg%. There was no evidence of relationship between psychiatric diagnosis and the presence of an abnormally high fasting blood sugar level. This held true for the diagnosis of depression despite observations made elsewhere that a significant association exists between the depressions and diabetes.
Surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis in Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial: does incidental durotomy affect outcome?

STUDY DESIGN Retrospective review of a prospectively collected multi-institutional database. OBJECTIVE In the present analysis, we investigate the impact of incidental durotomy on outcome in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA Surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis has several potential complications, one of the most common of which is incidental durotomy. The effect of incidental durotomy on outcome, however, remains uncertain. METHODS Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial cohort participants with a confirmed diagnosis of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis undergoing standard first-time open decompressive laminectomy, with or without fusion, were followed from baseline at 6 weeks, at 3, 6, 12 months, and yearly thereafter, at 13 spine clinics in 11 US states. Patient data from this prospectively gathered database were reviewed. As of May 2009, the mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up among all analyzed degenerative spondylolisthesis patients was 46.6 months (SD = 13.1) (no durotomy: 46.7 vs. had durotomy: 45.2, P = 0.49). The median (range) follow-up time among all analyzed degenerative spondylolisthesis patients was 47.6 months (SD = 2.5-84). RESULTS A 10.5% incidence of durotomy was detected among the 389 patients undergoing surgery. No significant differences were observed with or without durotomy in age, race, the prevalence of smoking, diabetes and hypertension, decompression level, number of levels, or whether a fusion was performed. There were no differences in incidence of nerve root injury, postoperative mortality, additional surgeries, 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) scores of body pain or physical function, or Oswestry Disability Index at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years. CONCLUSION Incidental durotomy during first-time surgery for lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis does not appear to impact outcome in affected patients.
THE CONVERSION OF CITRULLINE TO ARGININE IN KIDNEY

Glycocyamine is formed in the kidney by the transfer of the amidine group of arginine to the nitrogen atom of glycine. In the study of this reaction it was observed that glycocyamine was also formed from citrulline and glycine. No other donor or precursor of the amidine group was found (1).
Empirical porewater pressure generation model parameters in 1-D seismic site response analysis

Abstract The Vucetic-Dobry porewater pressure (PWP) generation model is implemented in widely used one-dimensional site response analysis software. This PWP model relates excess PWP ratio, shear strain amplitude and number of cycles, and requires only three curve-fitting parameters from undrained cyclic shear tests. In this study, new empirical correlations were developed and validated using different databases of undrained cyclic direct simple shear and triaxial tests on a number of clean, subangular to subrounded, silica sands to relate model parameters to relative density (Dr) and uniformity coefficient (CU). These correlations permit PWP estimates without advanced laboratory testing, yet exhibit small values of mean residual and standard deviation, and illustrate the importance of CU on PWP generation.
Food Resources and Strategic Conflict

A growing number of studies draw linkages between violent conflict and food scarcities. Yet, evidence suggests that within states, conflict revolves around food resources abundance. I develop an ex...
Semantic predictability and the use of creaky voice in female speakers

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of creaky voice in sentence-final position as a function of semantic predictability of the final word. Creaky voice is maligned in the media and often claimed to be less intelligible than normal phonation. A recent study finds some evidence to support this claim by examining intelligibility of single words. If speakers were concerned about intelligibility of their speech, they may be less likely to use it in sentences with little semantic support (e.g., “Mr. Black knew about the pad” compared to “Tear off some paper from the pad”). In the current study, 11 young female speakers without any vocal pathologies produced sentences from the Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) test. Fourteen final words that appeared in both high and low semantic predictability sentences were selected for analysis. Three outcome measures were examined for these final words: presence versus absence of creaky voice, duration of creaky voice, and type of creaky voice. Contrary to our expectations, the results indicated that semantic support does not significantly predict the existence, amount, or type of creaky voice in young female speakers.
Hydraulic fracture geometry in ultrasoft polymer networks

Determination of failure properties becomes extremely challenging when materials approach very low moduli ( $$< 100$$ kPa) and toughness values. New techniques are emerging to address these challenges in order to facilitate advancement of accurate tissue phantoms and medical diagnostics. We report on needle-induced ‘cavitations’ within a series of silicone elastomer formulations to demonstrate the ability of hydraulically-induced fracture morphology to differentiate fracture behavior in ultrasoft solids. We show, in accordance with previous results by Lefevre et al. (Int J Fract 192:1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-014-9982-0 . ISSN 15732673, 2015), that cavities first grow elastically and then transition to a penny-shape with an associated ring crack. Further growth occurs predominantly at the ring crack, leading to variations in cavity anisotropy quantified via the cavity’s sphericity. Sphericity differentiates between materials of identical, ultralow modulus, but distinct formulation. We find that materials for which modulus is lowered by decreasing the crosslinker to pre-polymer ratio are tougher than materials in which modulus is lowered through the addition of unreactive silicone oil. We conclude that cavity shape provides a promising avenue for fracture energy determination and that the ultrasoft silicone/diluted-silicone system studied here provides a material platform for altering fracture properties while holding modulus constant.
Joint Link-level and Network-level Reconfiguration for mmWave Backhaul Survivability in Urban Environments

mmWave communication has been recognized as a highly promising technology for 5G wireless backhaul, which is capable of providing multi-gigabit per second transmission rates. However, in urban wireless backhaul environments, unforeseen events can cause short-term blockages or node failures and, therefore, network survivability is extremely important. In this paper, we investigate a novel relay-assisted mmWave backhaul network architecture, where a number of small-cell BSs and relays are deployed, e.g. on the lampposts of urban streets. Relays are used to provide multi-hop line-of-sight paths between small-cell BSs, which form logical links of the network. In this scenario, the interconnected logical links make up a mesh network, which offers opportunities for both link-level and network-level reconfiguration. We propose two joint link-network level reconfiguration schemes for recovery after exceptional events. One prioritizes relay path (link-level) reconfiguration and uses alternate network-level paths only if necessary. The other splits traffic on both reconfigured links and backup paths to improve network throughput. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed schemes significantly outperform purely link-level and purely network-level reconfiguration schemes. The proposed approaches are shown to not only maintain high network throughput but to also provide robust blockage/fault tolerance across a range of scenarios for urban mmWave backhaul networks.
Introduction to interprofessional care coordination for pediatric autism spectrum disorder

This chapter introduces this book and its central purpose. Autism spectrum disorder, its associated symptoms, and rising prevalence warrant service provision from several disciplines and professions. The rationale and benefits of interprofessional care coordination are discussed. The following chapters in this book are written by professionals from diverse fields to encourage and improve readers’ interprofessional care coordination.
Effects of Criminogenic Risk–Needs Assessment Feedback During Prerelease Correctional Rehabilitation:

This pre–post follow-up randomized trial investigated the receptiveness and responsiveness of 82 incarcerated men undergoing reentry to feedback (discussion-based, form-based, or none–minimal) rega...
Game Design Tactics for Teaching Technical Communication in Online Courses

This article describes an interdisciplinary, partially online honors course entitled Video Game Theory and Design. The article reviews the literature surrounding video games and technical communica...
Timing of Sierra Nevadan stadial/interstadial variations from 15 to 56 ka

Abstract We summarize proxy evidence for stadial/interstadial variability recorded in sediments of three Great Basin lakes – Owens, Mono, and Pyramid. These lakes lie along the eastern margin of the Sierra Nevada Ice Sheet and record environmental variability associated with it. We have applied new paleomagnetic secular variation measurements (PSV) to more carefully date the lake environmental variability. We have also used PSV to correlate the Great Basin environmental variability to North Atlantic records of oxygen isotope variability. We see evidence for 25 cycles in stadial/interstadial variability of the Great Basin lakes. These cycles can be correlated among all three lakes and are largely synchronous. We can also date the individual stadial and interstadial intervals present in the three lakes. They have an average cycle duration of 1430 ± 530 years. But, the cycle durations in all three lakes vary coherently from less than 1000 years to more than 2000 years between 20 and 56 ka. The variability in cycle duration suggests internal variability in the global climate engine as the cause of the observed variability rather than some (presumably more periodic) external forcing. We also correlate interstadial D/O cycles 2–16 recorded in the Atlantic Ocean region with interstadial intervals in the Great Basin lakes. These intervals are largely synchronous between the two regions. We see evidence of 5 more Great Basin lake interstadials synchronous with un-numbered light δ18O intervals in the Atlantic oxygen isotope stratigraphy. This suggests some kind of linkage between the North Atlantic and North Pacific climate variability during the period 15–56 ka.
Staying Cool: The Impact of Air Conditioning on News Work and the Modern Newsroom

Along with the telephone and the car, the typewriter and other more “mundane” or otherwise unheralded background media technologies, air conditioning (AC) helped to develop modern American newspape...
Induced Starburst and Nuclear Activity: Faith, Facts and Theory

The problem of the origin of starburst and nuclear (nonstellar) activity in galaxies is reviewed. A physical understanding of the mechanism(s) that induce both types of activity requires one to address the following issues: (1) what is the source of fuel that powers starbursts and active galactic nuclei; and (2) how is it channeled towards the central regions of host galaxies? As a possible clue, the author examines the role of non-axisymmetric perturbations of galactic disks and analyzes their potential triggers. Global gravitational instabilities in the gas on scales approx. 100 pc appear to be crucial for fueling the active galactic nuclei.
Colchicine-Sensitive Microtubules

Publisher Summary Colchicine and several other compounds are fine tools for analyzing the assembly of a microtubule protein into tubules. Microtubules underlie the development of asymmetric cell shapes. Slow morphogenetic movements involving microtubule polymerization tend to be colchicine sensitive. Microtubules may be considered cellular skeletons, especially with respect to the development of a new form, but they may also be intimately involved in other complex functions of eukaryotic cells. The assembly of a microtubule protein into mitotic spindle microtubules may account directly for the generation of force in mitosis. In addition, conformational changes in microtubule protein may account for the chemosensitivity of the nervous system of higher animals. The interactions of tubulin proteins with small molecules explain the processes of touch, hearing, olfaction, chemotaxis, and generation of action potentials.
A dual-process model of adolescent development: Implications for decision making, reasoning, and identity

Publisher Summary This chapter deals with implications for decision making, reasoning and identity in a dual–process model of adolescent development. It presents an evidence for a dual-process theory of cognitive and social-cognitive development. The theory is potentially applicable to all age groups, but most of the relevant research has involved comparisons between children and adolescents or has focused solely on adolescents. The adolescent focus of dual-process research necessarily limits the extent to which generalizations about the mechanisms underlying cognitive development can be made to other age groups, this focus also provides a foundation for the construction of bridges between adolescent cognitive and social development. An overview of a dual-process theory of cognitive and social-cognitive development is presented, along with a review of some of the research that supports the value of adopting a dual-process approach. Finally, the chapter concludes by discussing the question of how adolescent cognition differs from that of children and of how dual-process theories can be usefully employed in framing future research on adolescent social and cognitive development.
Special considerations for placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis for the patient with Peyronie's disease: techniques and patient preference.

Placement of an inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) is the mainstay of surgical treatment for patients with Peyronie’s disease (PD) and concomitant medication-refractory erectile dysfunction. Special considerations and adjunctive surgical techniques during the IPP procedure are often required for patients with PD to improve residual penile curvature, as well as postoperative penile length. The surgical outcomes and various adjunctive techniques are not significantly different from one another, and selection of the appropriate technique must be tailored to patient-specific factors including the extent of the deformity, the degree of penile shortening, and preoperative patient expectations. The aims of this review were to assess the current literature on published outcomes and surgical techniques involving IPP placement in the treatment of PD. Patient satisfaction and preferences are reported, along with the description and patient selection for surgical techniques that include manual penile modeling, management of refractory curvature with concurrent plication, and correction of severe residual curvature and penile shortening with tunica release and plaque incision and grafting. A thorough description of the available techniques and their associated outcomes may help guide surgeons to the most appropriate choice for their patients.
Water in Confinement

Reverse micelles--isolated, surfactant-coated water droplets--are useful model systems for confined water in biology and materials science. In her Perspective, Levinger reviews recent advances in the study of reverse micelles, which have shown that the properties of confined water differ substantially from those of bulk water. The collective motion of the water molecules is shown to depend strongly on the confinement in the reverse micelles. Such effects are also likely to occur in cells and porous materials and may be exploited in nanometer-scale synthesis.
Assessment of Pain Using Facial Pictures Taken with a Smartphone

Timely and accurate information about patients' symptoms is important for clinical decision making such as adjustment of medication. Due to the limitations of self-reported symptom such as pain, we investigated whether facial images can be used for detecting pain level accurately using existing algorithms and infrastructure for cancer patients. For low cost and better pain management solution, we present a smart phone based system for pain expression recognition from facial images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study for mobile based chronic pain intensity detection. The proposed algorithms classify faces, represented as a weighted combination of Eigenfaces, using an angular distance, and support vector machines (SVMs). A pain score was assigned to each image by the subject. The study was done in two phases. In the first phase, data were collected as a part of a six month long longitudinal study in Bangladesh. In the second phase, pain images were collected for a cross-sectional study in three different countries: Bangladesh, Nepal and the United States. The study shows that a personalized model for pain assessment performs better for automatic pain assessment and the training set should contain varying levels of pain representing the application scenario.
The Mental Status Examination

The Mental Status Exam represents a crucial part of the psychiatric interview in that it is devoted to a systematic elicitation of psychopathologic signs and symptoms that are important in diagnosis and differential diagnosis. It is an essential tool for all psychiatrists and mental health professionals, but, in abbreviated form, it is an important tool for all physicians. This chapter is derived from the author’s teaching experience to medical students, psychiatry residents, and family physicians, and considers both classic and modern psychopathologic concepts. It is divided into appearance and behavior, psychomotor activity, affect and mood, speech, thinking, perceptual disturbances, orientation, attention and memory, as well as reliability, judgment, and insight. Finally, common errors in mental status in clinical evaluation are discussed.
Phase formation during reactive molybdenum-silicide formation

Silicide formation due to thermal treatment of thin (5–10 nm) molybdenum films on single-crystal, polycrystalline, and hydrogenated amorphous silicon substrates in the temperature range of 100 to 1000 °C was studied, with an emphasis on the initial interactions. The molybdenum deposition, annealing, and characterization using Raman scattering and Auger electron spectroscopy was carried out in UHV in order to minimize the effects of contaminants. Raman spectroscopy is used to distinguish between tetragonal (t-MoSi2) and hexagonal MoSi2 (h-MoSi2). The Raman spectrum of bulk tetragonal MoSi2 exhibits two prominent lines which are associated with the A1g (325 cm−1) and Eg (440 cm−1) modes. The only silicide phases detected in the thin film experiments were t-MoSi2 and h-MoSi2. While hexagonal MoSi2 does not appear in the bulk phase diagram, it is the first silicide phase formed in thin film reactions at a temperature between 300 and 400 °C. The nucleation temperature of h-MoSi2 was the same for Si〈100〉, Si〈111〉, and amorphous Si. Indirect evidence for disordered intermixing of silicon and molybdenum before nucleation of h-MoSi2 is found. Annealing at approximately 800 °C causes the silicide to transform from the hexagonal phase to the tetragonal phase for all substrates. Contaminants interfere with the formation of h-MoSi2 and also retard the transformation of h-MoSi2 to t-MoSi2. For the thin films considered here, the transformation to t-MoSi2 is accompanied by islanding of the silicide film. A lower interfacial energy between the silicon and silicide for h-MoSi2 has been proposed to explain the nucleation of h-MoSi2 before t-MoSi2.
Remote sensing measurements of production processes in grazinglands: the need for new methodologies

Abstract Remote sensing of grazinglands to obtain estimates of productivity relies entirely upon absorption and reflectance properties of the vegetation and its background to provide accurate qualitative and quantitative values. Interpretations of these signals are highly dependent on vegetation responses to perturbations, such as grazing or alterations in nutrient cycles. If remote sensing models of grassland growth ignore feedbacks derived from grazing animals, or only negative feedbacks are assumed, there is a high likelihood of errors developing during model validation. We review fundamental assumptions made when using remote sensing data from grazing systems and give examples of the problems involved.
Optofluidic Transport: Optical Waveguides as Microfluidic “Train Tracks”

In this work we demonstrate optofluidic [1] transport and trapping of dielectric particles using the intense electromagnetic energy in the evanescent field of optically excited microphotonic waveguides. A conceptual overview of the transport mechanism is presented along with the detailed optofluidic theory which describes the transport. Experimental results for straight and curved waveguides are presented along with details of our experimental technique. The final section details our recent work on developing a stability condition for this form of transport.© 2007 ASME
Simulationsuntersuchungen der Wärmeeinflußzonen von Schweißverbindungen der Legierung Hastelloy B-2†

An einer korrosionsbestandigen Nickel-Molybdan-Legierung mit niedrigem Kohlenstoffgehalt, bekannt unter der Bezeichnung Hastelloy B-21 , wurde eine Untersuchung der Warmeeinfluszone (WEZ) durchgefuhrt. Sechs verschiedene Produktionsschmelzen wurden im Gleeble-Schweissimulator Temperaturzyklen bis 1300 °C unter verschiedenen Bedingungen unterworfen, um die Verhaltnisse in der Warmeeinfluszone, wie sie bei Anwendung verschiedener Schweisverfahren vorliegen, zu untersuchen. Die Proben wurden anschliesend in 10%iger siedender Salzsaure und in 20%iger Salzsaure im Autoklaven bei 150 °C gepruft. Die Messung der Eindringtiefe ergab bei den meisten Proben Werte, die unterhalb der zulassigen Eindringtiefe liegen. Damit wird erneut bestatigt, das die Korrosionsbestandigkeit von Hastelloy B-2 in der Warmeeinfluszone im geschweisten, d. h. nicht warmenachbehandelten Zustand gegeben ist, wenn die fur das Verbindungsschweisen dieses Werkstoffs empfohlenen Schweisverfahren Metall-Lichtbogen-schweisen mit umhullter Stabelektrode, Wolfram-Inertgas-Schweisen (WIG) und Metall-Inertgas-Schweisen (MIG) angewendet werden. Simulated Heat-Affected Zone Studies of Hastelloy B-2 Gleeble studies show that as-welded HAZ corrosion resistance of a low carbon nickel-molybdenum alloy can be preserved by using gasshielded-arc or covered electrode welding. A heat-affected zone study was conducted on a low carbon, nickel-molybdenum, corrosion resistant alloy, commercially known as Hastelloy1 alloy B-2. Six different production heats were thermally cycled with the Gleeble apparatus to 1300 °C (2372 °F) under several conditions to simulate the heat-affected zones produced by a number of different welding processes. Specimens were subsequently tested in boiling 10% HCl and in 20% HCl at 150 °C (302 °F) in an autoclave. Most of the corrosion penetration measurements were found to be less than the maximum allowable limits, reaffirming that the as-welded heat-affected zone corrosion resistance of alloy B-2 can be preserved when welding is accomplished with the recommended shielded metal rec, gas tungsten arc, and gas metal arc processes.
The impact of situational factors on personnel decisions concerning women: Varying the sex composition of the applicant pool

Abstract One hundred male and female MBA students evaluated a woman applicant for a managerial position when the proportion of women in the applicant pool was varied. Results indicated that personnel decisions of both males and females were significantly more unfavorable when women represented 25% or less of the total pool. Additional findings suggest that this effect was mediated by the degree to which sex stereotypes predominated in forming impressions of applicants. The results were interpreted as supportive of the thesis that situational factors can function to reduce the adverse effects of sex stereotypes in employment settings.
Field assessment of treatment efficacy by three methods of phosphoric acid application in lead-contaminated urban soil

Abstract In situ soil treatment using phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ) may be an effective remedial technology for immobilizing soil Pb and reducing Pb risk to human health and ecosystem. The treatment efficacy of three H 3 PO 4 application methods was assessed in a smelter-contaminated urban soil located in the Jasper County Superfund Site, Missouri. Soil, with an average of 3529 mg Pb kg − 1 and in the 2- by 4-m plot size, was treated with H 3 PO 4 at a rate of 10 g P kg − 1 in four replicates by each of three methods: rototilling; surface application; pressure injection. Three soil cores, 2.5-cm diameter and 30-cm long, were taken from each plot before and 90 days after treatment and analyzed for soluble P, bioaccessible Pb and solid-Pb speciation. Applications of H 3 PO 4 induced the heterogeneity of soluble P in soil, with the highest concentrations in the surface. Three application methods mixed the H 3 PO 4 more effectively in the horizontals than the verticals of treated soil zone. The H 3 PO 4 applications significantly reduced Pb bioaccessibility in the soil, which was influenced by the concentrations of soil soluble P and solid-Pb species. The risk reductions of soil Pb were achieved by formation of pyromorphites or pyromorphite-like minerals. The rototilling appears to be the most effective treatment method in context of the homogeneity of soluble P and the reduction of Pb bioaccessibility in treated soil.