cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Targeted disruption of mouse Coch provides functional evidence that DFNA9 hearing loss is not a COCH haploinsufficiency disorder.

Dominant progressive hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction DFNA9 is caused by mutations of the human COCH gene. COCH encodes cochlin, a highly abundant secreted protein of unknown function in the inner ear. Cochlin has an N-terminal LCCL domain followed by two vWA domains, and all known DFNA9 mutations are either missense substitutions or an amino acid deletion in the LCCL domain. Here, we have characterized the auditory phenotype associated with a genomic deletion of mouse Coch downstream of the LCCL domain. Homozygous Coch −/− mice express no detectable cochlin in the inner ear. Auditory brainstem responses to click and pure-tone stimuli (8, 16, 32 kHz) were indistinguishable among wild type and homozygous Coch −/− mice. A Coch-LacZΔneo reporter allele detected Coch mRNA expression in nonsensory epithelial and stromal regions of the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth. These data provide functional evidence that DFNA9 is probably not caused by COCH haploinsufficiency, but via a dominant negative or gain-of-function effect, in nonsensory regions of the inner ear.
Twice‐daily dosing of valproate with divalproex

Equivalent doses of enteric-coated divalproex were substituted for valproic acid in 15 epileptic patients who were on a three- or four-times-a-day dosing schedule. After 2 wk the dosing regimen was changed to twice-daily divalproex dosing, and plasma levels were determined during the 12-hr period after the morning dose. Peak absorption was reached at 4 hr; extended plateaus were noted thereafter. The mean fluctuation between low and high plasma values for the group was 46%, with a decrease of less than 50% of peak levels in 9 of the 15 patients at a sampling time just before the second dose. Breakthrough seizures did not occur as a result of twice-daily dosing.
Spontaneous CP violation in SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1)B−L models

Abstract We show that it is impossible even with fine tuning to obtain spontaneous CP violation in the minimal SU(2)L × SU(2)R × U(1)B−L model without getting unacceptable flavor-changing neutral currents. We also present an acceptable nonminimal model.
Macroscopic car condensation in a parking garage.

An asymmetric exclusion process type process, where cars move forward along a closed road that starts and terminates at a parking garage, displays dynamic phase transitions into two types of condensate phases where the garage becomes macroscopically occupied. The total car density ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{o}$ and the exit probability \ensuremath{\alpha} from the garage are the two control parameters. At the transition, the number of parked cars ${N}_{p}$ diverges in both cases, with the length of the road ${N}_{s},$ as ${N}_{p}\ensuremath{\sim}{N}_{s}^{{y}_{p}}$ with ${y}_{p}=1/2.$ Towards the transition, the number of parked cars vanishes as ${N}_{p}\ensuremath{\sim}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{\beta}}$ with $\ensuremath{\beta}=1,$ $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=|\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{*}|$ or $\ensuremath{\epsilon}=|{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{o}^{*}\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{o}|$ being the distance from the transition. The transition into the normal phase represents also the onset of transmission of information through the garage. This gives rise to unusual parked car autocorrelations and car density profiles near the garage, which depend strongly on the group velocity of the fluctuations along the road.
Millimeter wave twin slot antennas on layered substrates

We have constructed a planar, monolithic twin slot antenna integrated with a bismuth microbolometer detector for operation near 94 GHz. In this paper, we briefly discuss the theory of operation for planar antennas on a dielectric stack. We then cover the fabrication details, including a short discussion of a photoresist bridge technique used to fabricate the microbolometer detectors. Measured receiver gain beam patterns are then compared with theoretical patterns for a number of cases.
The form and orientation of Langmuir cells for misaligned winds and waves

[1] Large eddy simulations of the Craik-Leibovich equations are used to assess the effect of misaligned Stokes drift and wind direction on Langmuir cells in the ocean mixed layer. Misalignments from 0° to 135° are examined and Langmuir turbulence structures are evident in all cases. The Stokes drift is modeled using a broadband empirical spectrum, and cases with and without the Coriolis effect, wind waves, and an initial mixed layer are examined. The expected scaling for the vertical velocity variance is recovered in the aligned simulations and is adapted here to the misaligned cases. The adjusted scaling projects the friction velocity (aligned with the wind stress) into the dominant axial direction of the Langmuir cells. The turbulent Langmuir number is generalized through a similar projection into the axial direction of the Langmuir cells, which reduces its value in realistic conditions. For known Langmuir cell orientations, the strength of Langmuir turbulence for misaligned cases can be estimated using the projected Langmuir number. A prediction for the angle between the wind stress and cell direction is obtained using the law of the wall; this prediction only requires the wind stress, Stokes drift, and boundary layer depth. Conditional analyses show that, with increasing misalignment, the typically antisymmetric Langmuir cell pairs become asymmetric. This asymmetry is due, in part, to the advection by cross cell flow of vorticity from one vortex tube onto the other, and in part due to an asymmetry induced by the stretching of vertical vorticity into cross cell vorticity.
A Closer Look at Follicular Lymphoma

The normal B cells that have the t(14;18) translocation in healthy persons may be primed to proliferate by surface immune receptors.
Response to Gomez-Cabrera et al: update on SIRT1 signaling

Since the publication of our review entitled ‘SIRT1 and endocrine signaling’ [1], several recent and high-profile studies have implicated SIRT1 in the regulation of endocrine and metabolic processes, and in modifying the physiological responses associated with obesity, including lifespan [2,3]. In fact, new data have turned the spotlight on the involvement of SIRT1 in mitochondrial biogenesis via its interaction with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ)-coactivator 1α (PGC1-α) [2,3].
Neurocognitive insight, treatment utilization, and cognitive training outcomes in schizophrenia

Background The degree to which people with schizophrenia show awareness of cognitive dysfunction and whether this neurocognitive insight affects treatment use or outcome is understudied. We aimed to examine neurocognitive insight among a treatment-seeking sample of patients with psychotic disorders, and whether neurocognitive insight affected treatment utilization or outcome.
A VHDL Forth Core for FPGAs

Abstract The Forth programming language is typically implemented to run on some particular microprocessor. Several Forth engines have been designed that execute Forth instructions directly, typically in a single clock cycle. With the advent of high density FPGAs it has become feasible to implement a high-performance Forth core in an FPGA. This paper describes the design of a Forth core using VHDL that has been implemented on a Xilinx Spartan II FPGA. Examples are presented of high-level Forth programs that are compiled to VHDL code that implements a ROM embedded in the FPGA. The use of a Forth core in an FPGA allows for rapid prototyping of digital systems. Experiments show that an identical Forth program for the Sieve of Eratosthenes executes nearly 30 times faster on the FPGA Forth core than on a 68HC12 microcontroller at the same clock speed. This same program executes over six times faster on the FPGA Forth core than an equivalent compiled C program run on the same 68HC12. The Forth core is available as an EDIF file at www.tigs.com/fc16 , which can be included in a VHDL project and uses approximately 30% of a Spartan II FPGA.
Factors Affecting Internal Auditors' Consideration of Fraudulent Financial Reporting during Analytical Procedures

This study investigates internal auditors' consideration of fraudulent financial reporting as an explanation for an unexpected difference in operating income. We examine whether such consideration is affected by the direction of the difference, the use of earnings‐based bonus plans, and the restrictiveness of debt covenants. We conduct an experiment in which 127 internal auditors list potential explanations for the unexpected difference. We find that these factors affect internal auditors' consideration of fraudulent financial reporting. Internal auditors list a larger proportion of explanations involving fraud (1) when income is greater than expected, and (2) when debt covenants are restrictive, conditioned on income being greater than expected. We also find that internal auditors assign a higher likelihood of fraud when (1) income is greater than expected, and (2) when an earnings‐based bonus plan is used and debt covenants are restrictive. The practical implication is that specific factors can affect i...
Epigenetic mechanisms for nutrition determinants of later health outcomes

Epigenetic marking on genes can determine whether or not genes are expressed. Epigenetic regulation is mediated by the addition of methyl groups to DNA cytosine bases, of methyl and acetyl groups to proteins (histones) around which DNA is wrapped, and by small interfering RNA molecules. Some components of epigenetic regulation have evolved to permit control of whether maternal or paternal genes are expressed. The epigenetic imprinting of IGF2 expression is an example of maternal and paternal epigenetic marking that modulates fetal growth and fetal size. However, epigenetic regulation also permits the fetus and the infant to adapt gene expression to the environment in which it is growing; sometimes when this adjustment goes awry, the risk of chronic disease is increased. Recent progress in the understanding of nutritional influences on epigenetics suggests that nutrients that are part of methyl-group metabolism can significantly influence epigenetics. During critical periods in development, dietary methyl-group intake (choline, methionine, and folate) can alter DNA and histone methylation, which results in lifelong changes in gene expression. In rodent models, pregnant dams that were fed diets high in methionine, folic acid, and choline produced offspring with different coat colors or with kinked tails. A number of syndromes in humans can be caused by defective epigenetic regulation, including Rett syndrome. There are interesting examples of the effects of nutrition in early life that result in altered health in adults, and some of these could be the result of altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression.
HIV Testing and HIV Service Delivery to Populations at High Risk Attending Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in the United States, 2011–2013

Objectives. We evaluated HIV testing and service delivery in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)–funded sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics.Methods. We assessed HIV testing, HIV positivity, receipt of HIV test results, linkage to medical care, and referral services from 61 health department jurisdictions from 2011 to 2013.Results. In 2013, 18.6% (621 010) of all CDC-funded HIV-testing events were conducted in STD clinics, and 0.8% were newly identified as HIV-positive. In addition, 27.3% of all newly identified HIV-positive persons and 30.1% of all newly identified HIV-positive men who have sex with men were identified in STD clinics. Linkage to care within any time frame was 63.8%, and linkage within 90 days was 55.3%. Although there was a decrease in first-time HIV testers in STD clinics from 2011 to 2013, identification of new positives increased.Conclusions. Although linkage to care and referral to partner services could be improved, STD clinics appear successful at serving populat...
A quantum mechanical calculation of photofragment absorption or emission polarization

The polarization of light emitted by excited state diatomic photofragments produced using linear polarized radiation to dissociate a triatomic molecule is calculated using a quantum mechanical treatment of molecular rotational angular momentum and assuming direct dissociation. The photofragment emission polarization is found to depend upon the relative orbital angular momentum of the separating fragments as well as the individual angular momenta of the parent and fragment molecules.
Collaborative Authoring for On-Line Construction Curricula

This work is part of a regional initiative to build training and employment services into a career pathways system for the green building industry sector, with a particular focus on construction and retrofitting towards more energy-efficient buildings, and installation of alternative energy systems. It addressed the challenges of collecting and disseminating relevant information for innovative technologies and sustainability in a format that supports systems integration. The research team developed a collaborative content authoring and dissemination portal as part of an U.S. Department of Labor Energy Training Partnership grant with participation from Virginia Tech, regional community colleges, certification training institutions, and other industry stakeholders. The paper discusses the process of collaborative content collection and authorship, the potential of open-source software for content management, the development and implementation of envisioned concepts into a single online portal, and the feedback processes through multiple channels from various program participants. While comparing the resulting software implementation with the initial project goals, this paper provides recommendations on how to sustain an online project and the currentness of its content. Further work will examine the adaptability of the educational collaboration portal to address specific pedagogical formats, language barriers, and interoperability with recognized software formats. BACKGROUND With the flatter world economy and global environmental issues, the construction industry is experiencing rapid change on three major fronts: innovative technologies, sustainability, and integrated building systems. Once driven by highly localized material supply and design strategies, construction is now rapidly transformed by the globalization of innovative products, standards, and technologies, which are actively disseminated by an increasingly international ownership of construction companies (Lee et al. 2011). At the same time, the built environment is faced with a higher level of expectations to address the industry’s share of global energy challenges and consumer demand for comfort, indoor air quality, and energy management. As a result, the field of building design, construction, and operation has
Signal enhancement-a composite property mapping algorithm

A signal enhancement algorithm is developed that seeks to recover a signal from noise-contaminated distorted measurements made on that signal. This object is achieved by utilizing a set of properties which the signal is known or is hypothesized as possessing. The measured signal is modified to the smallest degree necessary to sequentially possess each of the individual properties. Conditions for the algorithm's convergence are established in which the primary requirement is that a composite property mapping be closed. This is a relatively unrestricted condition in comparison to that required of most existing signal-enhancement algorithms. >
Dynamic bandwidth allocation using a two-stage fuzzy neural network based traffic predictor

The work presents a predictive dynamic bandwidth allocation (PDBA) scheme that updates the allocated bandwidth periodically to minimize the queue's build-up process. It requires an accurate traffic predictor so we use a two-stage predictor. The first stage includes FARIMA and FNN models running in parallel to predict the traffic data. While FARIMA captures the self-similarity, FNN captures the non-stationarity. The second stage combines the two forecasts using FNN to enhance the prediction accuracy. The performances of the PDBA scheme and the predictors are tested on MPEG and JPEG data. The results show that the two-stage predictor outperforms the individual ones. The proposed PDBA results in lower CLR compared to non-predictive schemes.
Elmer's case: A legal positivist replies to Dworkin

I have argued that Legal Positivism can accommodate the existence oftheoretical disagreements in law and that Ronald Dworkin is wrongto claim otherwise. As far as Legal Positivists are concerned, evenjudges who differ over both the truth of propositions of law and thegrounds or sources of law can have a legal duty to resolve their dis-agreements on the basis of legal arguments. The duty exists whenconventional legal practice creates it. Moreover, all Anglo-Americanlegal systems impose the duty on judges because all such systemscontain legal practices of the right sort: practices creating expectationsthat cases will be decided on the law even when they raise doubtsabout the content or proper formulation of a rule of recognition.Thus, Elmer's Case poses no threat to Legal Positivism. To the con-trary, it reveals the richness of that theory as few other cases can.Only if Elmer's Case is detached from the context of Anglo-American adjudication can it be said to undermine Legal Positivism.But then no theory of positive law could withstand its challenge.
Far ultraviolet spectroscopy of the intergalactic and interstellar absorption toward 3c 273

We present Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer observations of the molecular, neutral atomic, weakly ionized, and highly ionized components of the interstellar and intergalactic material toward the quasar 3C273. We identify Ly-beta absorption in eight of the known intergalactic Ly-alpha absorbers along the sight line with the rest-frame equivalent widths W(sub r)(Ly-alpha) > 50 micro-angstroms. Refined estimates of the H(I) column densities and Doppler parameters (b) of the clouds are presented. We find a range of b = 16-46 km/s. We detect multiple H(I) lines (Ly-beta - Ly-theta) in the 1590 km/s Virgo absorber and estimate logN(H(I)) = 15.85 +/- 0.10, ten times more H(I) than all of the other absorbers along the sight line combined. The Doppler width of this absorber, b = 16 km/s, implies T 4000/Z, where Z is the metallicity. Strong Galactic interstellar O(VI) is present between -100 and +100 km/s with an additional high-velocity wing containing about 13% of the total O(VI) between +100 and +240 km/s. The Galactic O(VI), N(V), and C(IV) lines have similar shapes, with roughly constant ratios across the -100 to +100 km/s velocity range. The high velocity O(VI) wing is not detected in other species. Much of the interstellar high ion absorption probably occurs within a highly fragmented medium within the Loop IV remnant or in the outer cavity walls of the remnant. Multiple hot gas production mechanisms are required. The broad O(VI) absorption wing likely traces the expulsion of hot gas out of the Galactic disk into the halo. A flux limit of 5.4 x 10(epx -16) erg/sq cm/s on the amount of diffuse O(VI) emission present = 3.5' off the 3C273 sight line combined with the observed O(VI) column density toward 3C273, logN O(VI) = 14.73 +/- 0.04, implies n(sub e) < 0.02/cubic cm and P/k < 11,500/cubic cm for an assumed temperature of 3 x 10(exp 5) K. The elemental abundances in the neutral and weakly-ionized interstellar clouds are similar to those found for other halo clouds. The warm neutral and warm ionized clouds along the sight line have similar dust-phase abundances, implying that the properties of the dust grains in the two types of clouds are similar. Interstellar H2 absorption is present at positive velocities at a level of logN(H2) = 15.71, but is very weak at the velocities of the main column density concentration along the sight line observed in H(I) 21 cm emission.
Measurement of Pressures in the Nucleus and within the Annulus of the Human Spinal Disc: Due to Extreme Loading

Specially developed intervertebral and intradiscal pressure transducers are used to map the pressures in the nucleus pulposus and within the annulus fibrosus of the human spinal discs, to the point of fracture of the segmental units. The results show that for normal discs, pressures in the nucleus and in the annulus are linearly related to each other and to the applied compressive loads. Mechanical strains which develop around the periphery ofthe vertebral body are also linear with the applied compressive loads, when the partial vertebral column is loaded to the point of bony fracture.Failure of the intervertebral discs at the point of fracture occurred through the vertebral body endplates and the annulus fibrosus remained intact.
Wise drives [hard disk drive]

Considers how smarter disk drives could herald speedier data mining, tighten computer security, and improve data storage reliability, but only if drive and computer makers and software designers can agree on new interface standards.
Genetic Polymorphisms in Human Drug Metabolic Enzymes

Results obtained from both epidemiologic studies and experimental animal model systems have shown a wide range of phenotypic variation in the ability of individuals to metabolize drugs and environmental chemicals. Several studies have noted correlations between specific metabolic phenotypes and the incidence of disease, suggesting that certain allelic forms of drug metabolic enzymes can render the individual either more sensitive or resistant to the toxic or therapeutic effects of exogenous drugs and chemicals. While some of this variation can be attributed to different environmental exposures, it has become clear that genetic factors also play an important role in determining the response of the individual organism to exogenous agents. Recent advances in molecular biological techniques have begun to allow scientists to correlate observed phenotypic differences with the actual differences in genetic sequence at the gene level. This has allowed a correlation between gene structure and function, thus providing a mechanistic basis to explain the interaction between genetic background and individual response to environmental exposures. Results presented at this symposium discussed how genetic polymorphisms for both Phase I and Phase II metabolic enzymes in the human population modulate the response to environmental toxicants.
Research Experiences for Undergraduates in Renewable Energy

During summers 2009 and 2010, the Renewable Energy Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (REMRSEC) at the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) successfully piloted a 10-week Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program that addressed fundamental materials issues related to the science and technology of renewable energy. In January 2011, the National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded CSM a three-year grant to establish an REU Site that will strengthen our recruiting of women, underrepresented minorities, and persons with disabilities in research. This paper describes the features of these pilot programs and outlines the nature of our 2011 REU.
The Importance of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Oxygen Atomic Ratios on the Combustion of Hypergolic Bipropellants

A modified laser diagnostic system was used to measure the chemical delay time (CDT) of pure components, mixtures, and oxygenated hydrazines reacted with red fuming nitric acid (RFNA) with improved resolution. The CDT of pure components, as well as binary and ternary mixtures of the three hydrazines reacted with RFNA under air was compared with respect to the Carbon/ Nitrogen atomic ratios. It was shown that greater performance across the entire domain can be achieved by carefully controlling tertiary mixtures to control the C/N ratio. With tertiary mixtures the toxicity of a given hydrazine is reduced from that of the pure component. It also suggests that adding an asymmetric polar compound, such as MMH, could reduce the CDT for other or azides. The addition of an oxygenating agent, Methanol, showed significant increases with MMH, and not Hydrazine or UDMH. The CDT for MMH/Methanol mixtures at certain concentrations are faster than pure MMH suggesting that the addition of oxygenating compounds to asymmetric polar amines or azides could reduce the CDT. The reaction of MMH/Methanol with RFNA produced three distinct regions, stable combustion with fuel lead (0-25 mole % Methanol), meta-stable combustion with oxidizer lead (25-40 mole % Methanol) and beyond 40 mole % Methanol, detonation. High-speed imaging was used to image the various regions noted for MMH/Methanol system. When MMH/Methanol mixtures were made, a heat of mixing was observed which led to the discovery that a volume and viscosity change upon mixing also occurs for this mixture. The importance of carbon, oxygen, polarity and mass transfer resistance to the reaction mechanism of hypergolic bipropellants and reductions in toxicity relative to pure hypergols are discussed.
Abstracts of Note: The Bioethics Literature

This section is meant to be a mutual effort. If you find an article you think should be abstracted in this section, do not be bashful—submit it for consideration to feature editor Kenneth V. Iserson care of CQ . If you do not like the editorial comments, this will give you an opportunity to respond in the letters section. Your input is desired and anticipated.
EM Modeling and MR: overview and safety topics

Numerical field calculations considering the geometry and electromagnetic (EM) properties of the human body are used increasingly for engineering and safety assurance in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This can include calculations of static magnetic (B 0 ) fields, switched audio-frequency (gradient) fields, and pulsed radiofrequency (B 1 ) fields. Relation of field calculation results to the MRI experiment can require significant understanding of both basic MRI physics and EM field safety. Here an introductory review explaining what entities of field calculations are valuable for MRI is presented.
Viability, Information Seeking, and Vote Choice

Existing research suggests that candidate viability influences strategic voting decisions among citizens. We argue that viability can influence electoral decision making beyond strategic considerations. We analyze original experimental data and novel observational data to examine viability’s impact on vote choice and information seeking. We conduct two mock primary election campaigns within the Dynamic Process Tracing Environment where we experimentally manipulate candidate viability. In both experiments, we find that subjects read more information about viable candidates, report more favorable ratings of viable candidates, and are more likely to vote for viable candidates. We demonstrate the generalizability of these results by assessing the relationship between viability, as measured with Gallup polls, and information seeking using observational data. There, we develop a unique measure of information seeking based on Google searches for the names of political candidates. These observational data reinfor...
Tracking myocardial beads from SPAMM-MRI with a 4-D B-spline model

A 4-D B-spline model has been created to accurately capture the dynamic motion of the heart from tagged magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The knot planes of the 4-D B-spline model surfaces deform to fit three orthogonal sets of tag surfaces for all frames within the constraints of the model's spatio-temporal internal energy. As an important byproduct, the points defined by the three-dimensional (3-D) intersections of the three sets of orthogonal tag planes, which we refer to as myocardial beads, can easily be determined by our model. Displaying the beads as a movie loop as a function of time allows for the visualization of the non-rigid movement of the left ventricle. Results are shown from both simulated data produced by a cardiac motion simulator as well as in-vivo pig data.
Serum Luteinizing Hormone, Progesterone, and Estradiol Levels in Relation to Broodiness in the Turkey (Meleagris gallapavo)

Changes in nesting frequency, serum LH, progesterone, and estradiol were measured in relation to the onset of broodiness in turkeys. In each of two experiments the frequency of nest visits increased about four-fold in the 5 to 7 day interval before oviposition of the last egg associated with the onset of broodiness. In the 9 day period prior to oviposition of this egg LH levels declined from about 12 ng/ml to 6 to 7 ng/ml (Experiment 1) and from about 9 ng/ml to less than 5 ng/ml (Experiment 2). Progesterone levels declined during this same period going from about 2 to 2.5 ng/ml down to less than .5 ng/ml. In the 5 day period following the nadir in serum LH, which occurred on or a day or two after the last egg, levels of this hormone again rose substantially. Estradiol levels, assayed in Experiment 2, were generally low with many samples below detectability (less than 3 pg/ml). There were no consistent changes in serum estradiol until the day before oviposition of the last egg. On this day, and on the subsequent four days, mean estradiol levels were at a nadir (6 to 9 pg/ml) and rose to levels averaging over 11 pg/ml in the following five day period.
Revision of the acetabular component without cement after total hip arthroplasty. A follow-up note regarding results at seven to eleven years.

The results of revision of the acetabular component without cement, performed for aseptic loosening, were reported previously after a mean of forty-four months for 138 hips (132 patients). After an additional mean duration of follow-up of almost five years, twelve patients (twelve hips) had died before they could be followed long enough for the later study and nine patients (eleven hips) had been lost to follow-up; thus, a total of 111 patients (115 hips) were available for follow-up at a mean of 100 months (range, seventy-eight to 135 months). Between the earlier and later times of follow-up, six additional acetabuli had had a repeat revision: one, for recurrent dislocation; two, for infection; and three (which were stable), at the time of a revision of the femoral stem. No revision of the acetabular cup was performed because of aseptic loosening, and no cup was noted to have migrated. Radiographs were available for 105 patients (109 hips) at a mean of ninety-eight months (range, seventy-eight to 135 months). Five (5 per cent) of the 109 cups were surrounded by a complete radiolucent line and three (3 per cent), by a partial progressive radiolucent line. A radiolucent line adjacent to a screw was seen in association with two cups (2 per cent), and osteolysis was noted at the margin of four cups (4 per cent). Revision of the acetabular component with a porous-coated, nearly hemispherical fiber-metal component inserted without cement was associated with a high rate of excellent results at the seven to eleven-year follow-up examination.
Calcification in Gastrointestinal Malignancy

Summary In rare instances mucinous carcinoma of the gastrointestinal tract may contain calcium deposits which are sufficiently dense to be visible on radiologic examination. This unusual phenomenon is discussed in a brief review of previously reported cases and 2 cases—1 gastric carcinoma and 1 carcinoma of the descending colon—are presented. The calcium deposits consist of small, stippled, tortuous concretions which display on x-ray examination a sufficiently characteristic pattern to aid substantially in radiologic diagnosis.
What Makes Access Services Staff Happy? A Job Satisfaction Survey

This article reports the results of a survey that analyzed the job satisfaction of 361 library access services practitioners. Library access services staff were surveyed and asked to rate job satisfaction based on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory. Results show that access services staff have opportunities for satisfaction based on higher-level needs. Personal fulfillment, job opportunities, and relationships with coworkers rated as the top three most important factors. There are also contributing factors that affect job satisfaction based on lower-level needs, such as salary. Age, education level, and administrative responsibilities also play a role in job satisfaction of access services staff. The survey results demonstrated that most employees are satisfied, while improvements are needed in certain areas to provide employees with a more fulfilling work environment.
Safe Harbors in Tax Law

Safe harbors pervade tax law. Yet, the academic literature offers no comprehensive account of why they exist. This Article begins to fashion that account by developing a theoretical framework for understanding the functional purposes that safe harbors serve. In order to analyze safe harbors’ functional purposes, this Article compares and contrasts them with rules and standards. Articulating the reasons for adopting safe harbors has important practical implications. For instance, analyzing the functions of safe harbors can shed light on the use of other rule-standard hybrids such as rebuttable or irrebuttable presumptions. In addition, this Article provides direction to lawmakers considering the enactment or redesign of a particular safe harbor. For example, recently commentators have advocated for additional clarity in the area of law governing tax-exempt organizations’ political campaign activities. The analysis in this Article has important implications for the manner in which lawmakers ought to provide any such additional clarity.
Secure key management in cloud computing

In this paper, we will discuss Secure Key Management in Cloud Computing. We discuss the basics of what a key is to how it is used in cloud computing. This paper looks at the types and states of a key. It is then followed by the cloud computing model and the overview of Secure Key Management. Data needs to be in plain text or decrypted for processing, and that requires access to the encryption key. In cloud environments, the data owner will often store the key in the cloud alongside the encrypted data for easy access. This practice creates a sizable security risk, since anybody with access to that particular cloud server can also access the encryption keys. Due to this we look at the weakness of Secure Key Management and the strategies used to contest those weaknesses.
Estrogen receptor alpha is cell cycle-regulated and regulates the cell cycle in a ligand-dependent fashion

Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) has been implicated in several cell cycle regulatory events and is an important predictive marker of disease outcome in breast cancer patients. Here, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism through which ERα influences proliferation in breast cancer cells. Our results show that ERα protein is cell cycle-regulated in human breast cancer cells and that the presence of 17-β-estradiol (E2) in the culture medium shortened the cell cycle significantly (by 4.5 hours, P < 0.05) compared with unliganded conditions. The alterations in cell cycle duration were observed in the S and G2/M phases, whereas the G1 phase was indistinguishable under liganded and unliganded conditions. In addition, ERα knockdown in MCF-7 cells accelerated mitotic exit, whereas transfection of ERα-negative MDA-MB-231 cells with exogenous ERα significantly shortened the S and G2/M phases (by 9.1 hours, P < 0.05) compared with parental cells. Finally, treatment of MCF-7 cells with antiestrogens revealed that tamoxifen yields a slower cell cycle progression through the S and G2/M phases than fulvestrant does, presumably because of the destabilizing effect of fulvestrant on ERα protein. Together, these results show that ERα modulates breast cancer cell proliferation by regulating events during the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle in a ligand-dependent fashion. These results provide the rationale for an effective treatment strategy that includes a cell cycle inhibitor in combination with a drug that lowers estrogen levels, such as an aromatase inhibitor, and an antiestrogen that does not result in the degradation of ERα, such as tamoxifen.
Research on Recovery Technology of Noisy Radial-Blurred Images

When the camera is moving at a high speed with the carrier,because of the exposure time of imaging,the camera and the longitudinal relative movement between target,it makes the target image produce radial blur from the center to the edge,and the more close to the edge of the image the greater the degree of the blurring is.According to the typical spatial variation motion blur situation,through a coordinate transform,it makes the blur spatially invariant in the transformed coordinate system to establish the fuzzy convolution model,and then proposes the FFT-regularization algorithm to recover the noisy radial blurred images.Tests show that the method reduced the complexity of the calculation effectively,and is quite good to reproduce the original image of important information.
Office Network Equipment Selection and Maintenance

computer network technology rapid development,the application of computer networks more and more,prompted many enterprises have begun to network office and other network services,network equipment and maintenance of the choice they will become the most concern.
Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Vernonia Oil Polyesters and Polystyrene: II. A Comparison of the Reactivities of Vernonia Oil and Castor Oil Toward the Formation of Polyesters

Triglyceride oils such as linseed, oitica, tall, castor, and tung have long been used in varnishes, alkyds and other coating formulations. These days, new polymers based on such oils represent an alternative approach to reducing the dependence on petrochemical derivatives (1–7). Triglyceride oils can be polymerized to form interpenetrating polymer networks, IPN’s. An IPN may be defined as a combination of two polymers in network form, at least one of which is polymerized and/or cross-linked in the immediate presence of the other (3). The IPN’s of the present study are simultaneous interpenetrating networks, SIN’s. This involves the mixing of two monomers or prepolymers in an early stage of their reaction, followed by the formation of both networks. The reactions proceed simultaneously, through independent mechanisms, i.e. step growth and chain growth. Recently, experimental oils from potential new oil seed crops were investigated. In particular, naturally epoxidized vernonia oil, as well as chemically epoxidized linseed, crambe, lunaria, and lesquerella oils were used (2,4–6). Vernonia oil comes from a wild plant native to Kenya, Africa. The synthesis and characterization of vernonia oil SIN’s formed the first paper in this series (5).
A Survey of Affective Computing for Stress Detection: Evaluating technologies in stress detection for better health.

As we become more aware of the connection between emotional states and physical health, affective computing continues to rise as a field of interest. Affective computing uses both hardware and software technology to detect the affective state of a person. It is an active research area that has seen much growth in technology geared toward affective state analysis. Its origin is credited to Dr. Rosalind Picard of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) when she published her 1995 article on affective computing [1]. It has since become a modern branch of computer science for human-computer interfaces [2], [3]. This stem of computer science has two main veins: 1) detection and recognition of emotional information and 2) simulation of emotion in computational devices. The focus of the current survey is the detection and recognition of emotions as affective states.
Management of trauma to primary and developing teeth

Traumatic dental injuries to the young child can present both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Luxation injuries to the primary dentition are the most common injuries. Yet, they are the most controversial with regard to definitive treatment, prognosis, and sequelae. Damage to the developing teeth subsequent to primary tooth injury is often unavoidable and has permanent effects on the dentition. Diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and outcomes are presented in this article; however, treatment decisions are often based on patient behavior.
Myths of South Asian Stasis: Trade with India in Late-Eighteenth-Century French Thought

During the eighteenth century, European trade with Asia was characterized by the importation of sophisticated manufactured goods in exchange for silver. The features of Euro-Asian trade testify to the vitality of the Indian, Chinese, and Japanese economies in the period before the Great Divergence. Many European observers, however, mistook them for symptoms of economic stasis, purportedly caused by Oriental despotism. Investigating French descriptions of the South Asian economy articulated in debates concerning both the export of silver and competition with South Asian textiles, this article reads Orientalist stereotypes about economic dysfunction as responses to the challenges posed by the Subcontinent’s dynamism and as part of the rhetorical strategies by which European divergence from Asia could be imagined, anticipated, and pursued.
O2 Plasma Etching and Antistatic Gun Surface Modifications for CNT Yarn Microelectrode Improve Sensitivity and Antifouling Properties

Carbon nanotube (CNT) based microelectrodes exhibit rapid and selective detection of neurotransmitters. While different fabrication strategies and geometries of CNT microelectrodes have been characterized, relatively little research has investigated ways to selectively enhance their electrochemical properties. In this work, we introduce two simple, reproducible, low-cost, and efficient surface modification methods for carbon nanotube yarn microelectrodes (CNTYMEs): O2 plasma etching and antistatic gun treatment. O2 plasma etching was performed by a microwave plasma system with oxygen gas flow and the optimized time for treatment was 1 min. The antistatic gun treatment flows ions by the electrode surface; two triggers of the antistatic gun was the optimized number on the CNTYME surface. Current for dopamine at CNTYMEs increased 3-fold after O2 plasma etching and 4-fold after antistatic gun treatment. When the two treatments were combined, the current increased 12-fold, showing the two effects are due to in...
Nonlinear Behaviour of Light at Very Low Intensities: The “Photon Clump” Model

This is essentially a review paper that deals initially with the analysis of the wave-particle duality notion for photons, as accepted today, namely as that of a particle and/or an associated wave. This model will be shown to be lacking at present adequate, direct and conclusive experimental proof, which is so crucial for the very existence of that model, despite the numerous experiments that have been done in the past and some novel experiments that are presented here. Starting from this situation of deficiency, a model of interacting photons is introduced from plausible arguments and an interaction law is derived. It will be shown that the main consequence of this model is that the single photon concept, as understood today, has to be abandoned in favour of a model of collection of photons, a “clump”, in which the individual photons are arranged in a geometrical wave pattern, much like a wave distribution. In this sense, therefore, the photon clump is both a particle and a wave and the model thus reconciles two concepts which are normally a source of some debate, namely the Dirac’s notion that a photon interferes only with itself, and the pilot wave concept of the Broglie. In fact, as far as the interference of a single photon with itself is concerned, such statement can now be reinterpreted as meaning that a photon clump contains all the elements of interference in itself, namely maxima and minima, because in the clump there are maxima and minima of photon number density distribution. As far as the pilot wave of de Broglie is concerned, its reality and its real meaning are readily retrieved from this model. It is, in fact, the interaction among photons responsible for guiding them on a wave distribution within a clump. Rather than being separate entities, the particles and their wave geometrical distribution are coexisting and inseparable properties of what should now be said an element or an “atom” of light.
Slavery and Empire in Central Asia

The Central Asian slave trade swept hundreds of thousands of Iranians, Russians, and others into slavery during the eighteenth–nineteenth centuries. Drawing on eyewitness accounts, autobiographies, and newly-uncovered interviews with slaves, this book offers an unprecedented window into slaves' lives and a penetrating examination of human trafficking. Slavery strained Central Asia's relations with Russia, England, and Iran, and would serve as a major justification for the Russian conquest of this region in the 1860s–70s. Challenging the consensus that the Russian Empire abolished slavery with these conquests, Eden uses these documents to reveal that it was the slaves themselves who brought about their own emancipation by fomenting the largest slave uprising in the region's history.
Integrating Systems Engineering Students in Capstones: A Multispectrum Characterization of Interdisciplinary Capstones

The use of the engineering capstone experience is ubiquitous in engineering education. The development of undergraduate systems engineers (SE) presents a unique challenge to both prepare them in a standardized and traceable way and purposefully place them into domain-centric engineering projects that allow them to develop their experience base (i.e., the leg of the “T”-shaped SE). In order to better understand the various characteristics of the United States Air Force Academy’s (USAFA) enterprise of over 30 projects in seven hosting departments, this research uses established frameworks to search for correlations to good capstone learning objective performance. Two years of capstone student self-assessment data was used to inform the authors in addition to qualitative faculty observations. These two primary sources of data were then analyzed for intersecting conclusions. Four common conclusions were found: (1) capstone projects should have a mix of internal/external funds, (2) the project should have a reasonable mix of flexibility and structure in the degree of constraints, (3) external customers should be involved for each project, and (4) team sizes should nominally include 3–10 students. Limitations of this research and the conclusions are also discussed.
Lymphocyte dysfunction in chronic graft-versus-host disease

Three recipients of HLA-identical bone marrow transplants developed chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) and hypergammaglobulinemia. All three had evidence of abnormal B-lymphocyte function, including a polyclonal increase in immunoglobulins (Ig), antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, lymphocytotoxins, and increased immune complexes. T- lymphocyte function was also abnormal, including decreased mitogen reactivity and delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity. The cellular basis of these immune abnormalities was studied in an in vitro system in which we analyzed spontaneous pokeweed mitogen (PWM) driven Ig synthesis. Multiple defects in both T- and B-lymphocyte function were detected. In contrast to normal B cells, circulating B cells from all three patients with cGVHD spontaneously synthesized in vitro greater than 200 ng of IgG and in two of the three greater than 175 ng of IgM. This increase in spontaneous Ig synthesis was not due to a deficiency of regulatory cells, since T cells from the three patients suppressed spontaneous Ig synthesis in a normal fashion. In contrast to this increased spontaneous Ig synthesis, the response of the patients' B cells to PWM-driven Ig synthesis was normal. Using the PWM system we demonstrated several defects in these patients' T cells, including increased suppressor activity and decreased helper cell activity. These data indicate that some patients with cGVHD have multiple defects in both T- and B-cell function that may contribute to their profound immune deficiency.