cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conversion constants for redox potentials measured versus different reference electrodes in acetonitrile solutions at 25°C

Abstract Caution should be exercised when one is comparing the redox potentials of complexes measured in CH 3 CN solutions versus different reference electrodes. A critical review of conversion constants amongst various reference electrodes reported in the literature reveals that in most cases the comparisons of redox potential values are far from accurate. From measurements of relationships amongst various common reference electrodes in CH 3 CN solutions, conversion constants for redox potentials measured versus different reference electrodes in acetonitrile solutions at 25°C are proposed, along with a convention for reporting redox potential values.
Corrigendum to ''Channel die compression revisited: Application of a set of basic crystal hardening inequalities to (1 1 0) loading'' (Mech. Mater. 39 (6) (2007) 610-622)

Abstract An error in the uniqueness proof of load-axis stability in the subject paper [Havner, K.S., 2007. Channel die compression revisited: application of a set of basic crystal hardening inequalities to (1 1 0) loading. Mech. Mater. (39), 610–622] is acknowledged and another argument for axis stability is given.
Modeling within-season sugarcane growth for optimal harvest system selection

Abstract The recent switch from wholestalk to combine sugarcane harvesters has raised questions concerning which harvester is more profitable. Combine harvesters recovery more of the sugarcane in the field than wholestalk harvesters, but also have higher trash levels reducing sucrose recovery. The objective of the research presented in this article is to determine the optimal sugarcane harvest system selection for sugarcane production in Louisiana. Sugarcane stalk weight and sugar per stalk equations are estimated in order to predict tonnage and sugar yields throughout the harvest season. These predicted yields are then adjusted to reflect field tonnage and sugar recovery for the combine and wholestalk harvesting systems. A mixed integer mathematical programming model is then used to determine the optimal harvest system under alternative sugarcane variety combinations, wholestalk harvester field recovery rates, and combine harvester sugar recovery rates. Results identify field recovery and sucrose recovery conditions for which one type of harvest system would be preferred over the other.
Identification of the F1-binding Surface on the δ-Subunit of ATP Synthase

Abstract The stator function in ATP synthase was studied by a combined mutagenesis and fluorescence approach. Specifically, binding of δ-subunit to δ-depleted F1 was studied. A plausible binding surface on δ-subunit was identified from conservation of amino acid sequence and the high resolution NMR structure. Specific mutations aimed at modulating binding were introduced onto this surface. Affinity of binding of wild-type and mutant δ-subunits to δ-depleted F1 was determined quantitatively using the fluorescence signals of natural δ-Trp-28, inserted δ-Trp-11, or inserted δ-Trp-79. The results demonstrate that helices 1 and 5 in the N-terminal domain of the δ-subunit provide the F1-binding surface of δ. Unexpectedly, mutations that impaired binding between F1and δ were found to not necessarily impair ATP synthase activity. Further investigation revealed that inclusion of the soluble cytoplasmic domain of the b subunit substantially enhanced affinity of binding of δ-subunit to F1. The new data show that the stator is “overengineered” to resist rotor torque during catalysis.
A Potential Approach for Low Flow Selection in Water Resource Supply and Management

Summary Low flow selections are essential to water resource management, water supply planning, and watershed ecosystem restoration. In this study, a new approach, namely the frequent-low (FL) approach (or frequent-low index), was developed based on the minimum frequent-low flow or level used in minimum flows and/or levels program in northeast Florida, USA. This FL approach was then compared to the conventional 7Q10 approach for low flow selections prior to its applications, using the USGS flow data from the freshwater environment (Big Sunflower River, Mississippi) as well as from the estuarine environment (St. Johns River, Florida). Unlike the FL approach that is associated with the biological and ecological impacts, the 7Q10 approach could lead to the selections of extremely low flows (e.g., near-zero flows) that may hinder its use for establishing criteria to prevent streams from significant harm to biological and ecological communities. Additionally, the 7Q10 approach could not be used when the period of data records is less than 10 years by definition while this may not the case for the FL approach. Results from both approaches showed that the low flows from the Big Sunflower River and the St. Johns River decreased as time elapsed, demonstrating that these two rivers have become drier during the last several decades with a potential of salted water intrusion to the St. Johns River. Results from the FL approach further revealed that the recurrence probability of low flow increased while the recurrence interval of low flow decreased as time elapsed in both rivers, indicating that low flows occurred more frequent in these rivers as time elapsed. This report suggests that the FL approach, developed in this study, is a useful alternative for low flow selections in addition to the 7Q10 approach.
On the dispersion measure of OWA operators

We describe some basic features of the OWA operator. We turn to the problem of determining the weights associated with this operator and particularly the maximal dispersion (entropy) approach. We consider the possibility of using minimization of dispersion. After discussing concerns with both maximization and minimization of dispersion we investigate the possibility of finding an optimal solution intermediate to these extremes. We next consider alternative measures of dispersion. We introduce a fundamental requirement for a measure of dispersion called the Preference for Equal Division. A number of general classes of dispersion measures are provided notable among these are those based on t-norm and t-conorm operators.
Handling heterogeneous data sources in a SOA environment with service data objects (SDO)

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is gaining momentum in the development community based on its model for creating richer, reusable solutions at lower cost that can adjust to the agile business environments. The solutions built on this principle are composed of services that offer business functionality as a unit or as a whole. These services will access data from different data source types and potentially need to aggregate data from different data source types with different data formats. In this type of environment, handling of different forms of data poses a big challenge for application developers, and the challenge increases in size when you consider the broad diversity of programming models in use. Service Data Objects (SDO) is a specification for a programming model that unifies data programming across data source types and provides robust support for common application patterns in a disconnected way. Although Service Data Objects offer many other capabilities that are very useful for supporting integration with tools and other frameworks, this paper will focus on describing SDOs and how it can be used to handle heterogeneous data sources in SOA environments.
Molecular cloning of chick pineal tryptophan hydroxylase and circadian oscillation of its mRNA levels

We have previously shown that the level of [35S]methionine incorporation into tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) shows a circadian rhythm in cultured chick pineal cells. The TPH protein oscillation persists in constant darkness, peaks in the early night and can be phase-shifted by light, in parallel to the effect of these treatments on melatonin synthesis. We have cloned and sequenced a full-length cDNA for chick pineal TPH. Levels of TPH mRNA show a robust diurnal oscillation both in vivo and in vitro. The rhythm in TPH mRNA also persists in constant darkness, suggesting that TPH mRNA synthesis and/or turnover is regulated by an endogenous circadian clock in cultured chick pineal cells. The circadian oscillation of TPH constitutes the first described circadian rhythm of a chick pineal gene at the mRNA level.
Utilization of the EPIC Electronic Health Record System for Clinical Trials Management at Duke University

Academic Medical Centers continually struggle with clinical trials study management. A common approach is the implementation of a Clinical Trials Management System. However, integration of the Clinical Trials Management System with the health system's Electronic Health Record System remains a goal of many institutions. Furthermore, adopting the Electronic Health Record as the primary study management mechanism for research is challenging but offers many improvements in data integrity, compliance and revenue billing management.
On the finite element analysis of the spatial response of curved beams with arbitrary thin-walled sections

Abstract A three-dimensional, two-field, variational formulation is employed to derive the differential equations governing the stretching, shearing, bending, twisting, as well as warping modes of deformations in a spatially curved beam subjected to general loading and boundary conditions. Correspondingly, a simple two-noded finite element model was developed and utilized in a number of numerical simulations. In particular, attention was given to the significant curvature effects on the results in cases involving unsymmetric cross-section of the thin-walled type, in which any inconsistencies introduced when using the classical notion of two different reference lines, i.e., centroid and shear center, for sectional deformations may lead to large errors.
Fundamentals of the Theory of Rotating Fluids

This paper gives an expository survey of some of the principal mathematical models which have been used in the theory of rotating fluids, together with a discussion of several explicit examples. Some of these examples are related to geophysical fluid dynamics; others more directly to laboratory studies. In all cases the examples have been selected to illustrate some of the most important physical phenomena which are characteristic of rotating flows and distinguish them from other fluid motions. Physical concepts, such as the Taylor-Proudman effects, the Ekman boundary layer, and Rayleigh’s analogy, which have proved useful in obtaining a general understanding of rotating fluids, are presented and discussed.
Engaging student programmers as inclusive designers

While awareness of accessibility standards and guidelines can help students learn to produce accessible web pages, overcoming real-world accessibility issues often requires creativity and flexibility. One way to develop these skills is to engage student programmers in design practice. This poster describes an undergraduate web programming course that used pedagogical techniques drawn from architecture and industrial design education to enable students to empathize with users with disabilities and to creatively address accessibility issues. Evaluative feedback from students indicates that this approach is effective in encouraging accessible design practices.
Remediation and Cognitive Enhancers in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Individuals with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) often present with cognitive impairment similar, but of a lesser magnitude to, what is seen in schizophrenia. Cognitive dysfunction combined with social and perceptual disturbances, which are the hallmarks of this disorder, are directly related to substantially lower functioning. There is no FDA-approved medication for cognitive deficits in SPD; however, potential agents, including α2a and dopamine agonists, are under investigation. Cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) is a behavioral treatment that has been shown to improve cognitive and psychosocial functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. Application of CRT in this population is novel and more large-scale studies are needed, but this treatment holds promise for the cognitive and social deficits of SPD. There may be a synergy between cognitive remediation and cognitive enhancers such as the α2a agonist guanfacine; research in this area is nascent. Lifestyle modifications such as the use of memory aids, planners, and structured schedules, as well as exercise, may be beneficial for cognitive functioning in this population. Additionally, social skills training in a psychotherapeutic setting can be helpful. Patients frequently present with comorbid mood and anxiety symptoms, and standard SSRI treatment to ameliorate symptoms can have a positive secondary effect on cognitive functioning. For the patient with psychotic-like features, treatment with atypical antipsychotics may also improve overall functioning.
Generalized photoclinometry for Mariner 9

A theory is developed for the photoclinometric determination of topography when the photometric function of a planetary surface is not restricted beyond the expectation that it is a function of phase angle, angle of incidence, and angle of emergence. Several versions of such an operational theory are presented together with several approaches to the numerical analysis. Reasons for the differences in numerical techniques are discussed. A preliminary result is considered which has been produced for an early Mariner 9 frame wherein the dust-laden atmosphere seems to exhibit standing-wave patterns. It is shown that if the assumption of homologous departures from plane-parallel atmospheric configuration is valid, the photoclinometry implies that laminar flow lines in the optically observable dust layer undergo a near-sinusoidal rise and fall of about 40 to 50 meters.
The view of surgery from space.

Things are sometimes best seen from afar. In 1968, as they went to the moon and back, the Apollo astronauts had man's first opportunity to view the earth from far out in space. It was a compelling sight, a sight that no one had ever seen before, and yet a sight that was strangely familiar (Figure). The earth was immediately perceived as home—the site of all our complex human drama. But when seen from so far away, its elemental simplicity was a revelation. In losing sight of all the earth's details, its unity, beauty, isolation, and fragility instantly became obvious. In life, we often fail to appreciate the big picture. We are preoccupied by details of the moment. Occasionally, it is good to look at ourselves from a distance. Today we will look at the profession of surgery from a long perspective, almost as though we had never seen it
Semen characteristics of Vietnam veterans.

As part of an epidemiologic study of the health status of a randomly selected group of Vietnam veterans, we measured the semen characteristics of 324 Vietnam veterans and compared them with a similar group of 247 veterans who did not serve in Vietnam. The participation rate was 81% in both groups. Measurements of sperm concentration, movement characteristics, and head dimensions were performed, using the Cellsoft computer-assisted semen analysis system. We found that Vietnam veterans had significantly (p < 0.05) lowered mean sperm concentrations (64.8 × 106 sperm/mL for Vietnam veterans vs 79.8 × 106 sperm/mL for non-Vietnam veterans), and Vietnam veterans were twice as likely to have sperm concentrations ⩽ 20 million/mL (odds ratio = 2.7, 95% confidence interval = 1.3–5.7). Vietnam veterans also had a significantly lowered mean proportion of morphologically normal sperm heads (57.9% vs 60.8%), with significantly longer mean major axis length and head circumference. The proportion of motile cells, velocity, linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement, and beat frequency were not different between the two groups. Despite differences in sperm characteristics, Vietnam and non-Vietnam veterans reported fathering similar numbers of children.
The "chip" as a specific genetic tool.

DNA microarrays are powerful tools for the analysis of the organization and regulation of the brain, in both illness and health. Such messenger RNA expression methods are outgrowths of a marriage between the several genome sequencing projects and a wide variety of physical, chemical, optical, and electronic systems. The advantages of microarray analyses include the ability to study the regulation of several genes or even the entire genome in a single experiment. However, there are substantive issues associated with the use of these tools that need to be considered before drawing conclusions about the genomic regulation of the brain. These issues include the loss of most anatomic (i.e., cellular and circuit) specificity, only fair sensitivity, lack of absolute quantitative data, poor comparability between studies, and high variability in sample values, to mention the most obvious. In this review we point to some of the solutions proposed for these problems and novel techniques and approaches for newer methods. Among these are methods for making arrays more sensitive, including nonarray messenger RNA expression systems. The future of this field and its links to deeper protein and cell biology are both emphasized.
Natural language for PARRY

Natural language recognition in the PARRY model is constrained by the quick response need and the lack of constraints on the user's English input. To deal with these problems we have developed a set of pattern matching techniques that essentially strip away the language-dependent form of the input and translate it into a semantic representation which the model can then interpret. The language recognizer was the added feature that the more data (idioms, patterned phrases) that we put into it, the more sentences it is able to handle, with little degredation in speed or accuracy.
Don’t Bite The Pac That Feeds You Business Pac Punishment Over the China Vote

Previous research has found evidence that in high-profile cases, political action committees (PACs) sometimes punish members of Congress for voting in opposition to the PACs’ interests. This finding contradicts the conventional understanding of campaign contributions as an inducement or reward for voting record or access to a member of Congress. To understand better the dimensions of the punishment strategy, we test whether corporate PACs engage in punishment by examining the pattern of contributions of finance and insurance PACs in the wake of the House vote on granting permanent normal trade relations (PNTR) with China in May 2000. Using ordinary least squares regression models, we find support for a punishment strategy of finance and insurance PACs as a result of a no vote on PNTR. The magnitude of the punishment is highest for those members of the House who have the strongest relationship with the PAC.
Computation of cavity resonances using edge-based finite elements

The eigenvalues of a cavity resonator are computed using edge-based elements, and it is shown that these elements offer significant improvements in accuracy, in addition to being suitable for modeling arbitrarily shaped inhomogeneous regions. A performance comparison between the edge-based tetrahedra and rectangular brick elements is also carried out. >
Is short‐term percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement beneficial in acutely ill cognitively intact elderly patients? A proposed decision‐making algorithm

Aim Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube is an important method of enteral feeding for patients who require temporary or long-term artificial nutritional support to prevent or correct disease-related malnutrition. However, there is paucity of data on the utility of short-term PEG tube placements in acute illnesses in cognitively intact older adults. Methods We present a series of seven, cognitively intact patients (age range 72–93 years), who had PEG tubes placed for short periods. These patients were diagnosed with “failure to thrive” and were managed by placing a PEG tube temporarily for nutritional management. None of these patients had terminal illness or hospice eligibility, and all of the patients were community dwellers. Results All of the elderly patients experienced good outcomes in terms of their functional status and nutritional support. Conclusions Our series clearly supports the notion that short-term PEG tube placement in cognitively intact elderly patients could be a successful strategy to support them during an episode of acute illness, and to improve their nutritional deficits and survival. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2015; 15: 572–578.
Effect of Small Amounts of Porosity on Grain Growth in Hot‐Pressed Magnesium Oxide and Magnesiowustite

Grain growth was studied at 1300°, 1400°, and 1500°C in nearly theoretically dense (0.1 to 0.8% porosity) hot-pressed magnesium oxide (99.99+%) and magnesiowustite (0.10 and 0.48 wt% Fe2O3). Small amounts of porosity had large effects on the kinetics of grain growth. Grain growth is probably porosity-controlled in MgO at all temperatures and in magnesiowustite at 1400° and 1500°C if pores remain on grain boundaries or at grain intersections. The tendency for the entrapment of porosity is enhanced as the temperature is increased and as the dopant (Fe2O8) concentration is decreased. Small amounts of porosity (<1%) can cause limiting growth situations at grain sizes well below 100 μm. The Fe2O3 dopant stabilizes squared grain growth kinetics at 1300°C and decreases the rate of grain growth at all three temperatures.
Complexity Lower Bounds using Linear Algebra

We survey several techniques for proving lower bounds in Boolean, algebraic, and communication complexity based on certain linear algebraic approaches. The common theme among these approaches is to study robustness measures of matrix rank that capture the complexity in a given model. Suitably strong lower bounds on such robustness functions of explicit matrices lead to important consequences in the corresponding circuit or communication models. Many of the linear algebraic problems arising from these approaches are independently interesting mathematical challenges.
Description of Larva, Adults, and Bionomics of Filatima Demissae Keifer (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Washington, U.S.A

Descriptions of the adult, larva, and bionomics are based on larvae of Filatima demissae (Keifer) collected on Prunus virginiana L. and reared adults in Washington. Included are an image of the adult, illustrations of the male and female genitalia, and maps of the chaetotaxy of the last-instar, supplemented with scanning electron micrographs.
After the Vote

Almost two years to the day after the first meeting on OSA-SPIE unification took place, the proposal was rejected by OSA members and narrowly approved by SPIE members. Both memberships returned nearly identical results, with 51% of the voting SPIE members and 49% of the voting OSA members supporting the merger. Although it passed on the SPIE vote, though just barely, the merger will not take place because of the negative OSA vote.
Probabilistic Urban Structural Damage Classification Using Bitemporal Satellite Images

Recent research endeavors in civil engineering have attempted to apply remote sensing technology to urban damage assessment as an aid for post-disaster reconnaissance and recovery. In these attempt...
Exploring the Relationship of Ethical Leadership with Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

The impact of ethics on recent leadership practices has assumed a prominent role in both practical and theoretical discussions of organizational leadership successes and failures. Early twenty-first century scandals involving large corporations such as Arthur Andersen, Enron, HealthSouth, Tyco, WorldCom, and Toyota demonstrate that the concept of ethical leadership is a timely and relevant topic for study. Leaders strive to achieve organizational goals by encouraging employees to perform at high levels (Drucker, 2001). A leader's ability to affect followers' attitudes and behaviors is important in this pursuit because it can result in greater job performance (Tanner, Brugger, Van Schie, & Lebherz, 2010). Ethical leadership may provide an effective approach for fostering positive employee outlooks and actions. The ethical leader, as a moral person and a moral manager, is an attractive and trustworthy role model. Employees respond positively to the ethical leader's principled leadership, altruism, empowerment, and reward systems, suggesting that improved employee attitudes and work related behaviors may follow (Brown & Trevino, 2006a). Three established measures of attitudes and behaviors are employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior. The following research study examined the potential of ethical leadership to foster higher levels of these outcomes using the Ethical Leadership Scale developed by Brown, Trevino, and Harrison (2005). The Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire (Weiss, Dawis, England, & Lofquist, 1967) tested employee job satisfaction. Mowday, Steers, and Porter’s (1979) Organizational Commitment Ethical Leadership iv Scale and Smith, Organ, and Near’s (1983) Organizational Citizenship Behavior Scale was used to measure the corresponding variables. Study participants evaluated the top executive of their organizations using the Ethical Leadership Scale and these scores were divided into two groups: less ethical, and highly ethical. The groups were compared to the dependent outcome variables using a t-test. The study found that employees led by highly ethical leaders reported greater job satisfaction and organizational commitment than did employees led by less ethical leaders. No significant difference was reported among employees regarding the impact of ethical leadership on their level of organizational citizenship behavior. These findings suggest both theoretical and practitioner level insights. Ethical Leadership v
STUDIES ON THE BLOOD GLUCOSE AND PANCREATIC ISLETS OF LIZARDS1

REMARKABLY little is known about normal or experimental blood glucose levels or the behavior of the pancreatic islet cells in reptiles. The present study concerns the determination of the blood glucose levels and the histological aspects of the pancreatic islet cells in several species of lizards in the fed and fasted states, and after alloxan and insulin administration.
2007 Special Issue: An architectural model of conscious and unconscious brain functions: Global Workspace Theory and IDA

While neural net models have been developed to a high degree of sophistication, they have some drawbacks at a more integrative, ''architectural'' level of analysis. We describe a ''hybrid'' cognitive architecture that is implementable in neuronal nets, and which has uniform brainlike features, including activation-passing and highly distributed ''codelets,'' implementable as small-scale neural nets. Empirically, this cognitive architecture accounts qualitatively for the data described by Baars' Global Workspace Theory (GWT), and Franklin's LIDA architecture, including state-of-the-art models of conscious contents in action-planning, Baddeley-style Working Memory, and working models of episodic and semantic longterm memory. These terms are defined both conceptually and empirically for the current theoretical domain. The resulting architecture meets four desirable goals for a unified theory of cognition: practical workability, autonomous agency, a plausible role for conscious cognition, and translatability into plausible neural terms. It also generates testable predictions, both empirical and computational.
Expression and localization of an aquaporin-1 homologue in the avian kidney and lower intestinal tract.

In birds, the kidneys and lower intestine function in osmoregulation. A 271-amino acid homologue to aquaporin-1 (AQP-1) was isolated from the kidneys, cecae, proximal and distal rectum, and coprodeum of the lower intestine in the house sparrow (Passer domesticus). This protein has six transmembrane domains connected by two cytoplasmic loops and three extracellular loops. It exhibits 94%, 88%, and 78% homology to AQP-1 sequences of chicken, human and toad, respectively. Many of the highly conserved amino acids that are characteristic of AQP-1 are found in the sparrow sequence. RT–PCR was performed and the presence of AQP-1 mRNAwas detected in the kidney and all four regions of the lower intestine. Immunoblots of total protein identified a 28-kDa non-glycosylated AQP-1 band and a 56-kDa glycosylated AQP-1 band in the kidney and all four regions of the lower intestine. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the presence of the AQP-1 protein within both the renal cortex and medulla. In the lower intestine, the protein was present in the proximal rectum, distal rectum, and in the coprodeum. As AQP-1 functions to allow water movement across mammalian cell membranes, its presence in water-permeable cells in a bird suggests it may have a similar function. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
On the geography of conventions

Summary. We study an evolutionary model in which heterogenous boundedly rational agents interact locally in order to play a coordination game. Agents differ in their mobility with mobile agents being able to relocate within a country. We find that mobile agents enjoy a higher payoff and always benefit from increased mobility, while immobile agents benefit from increased mobility at low levels of mobility only. This wedge in payoffs weakly increases as mobility increases. Some extensions are discussed.
Psychosocial Care in Home Health Policy Missed Opportunities and Possible Solutions

As of summer 2008, health care reform has become an important part of the 2008 presidential election. However, long-term care has been absent in the discussion of health care reform by presidential candidates. This article examines policies that govern the payers of long-term care, specifically home health care (HHC). HHC is the fastest growing industry within long-term care, as there is a growing number of older adults in need of both skilled and unskilled home care. Medicare and Medicaid are the two major payers of HHC; yet these payers do not address the psychological and social needs of the patients. Furthermore, there is a long-term care disconnect between Medicare and Medicaid that creates even larger problems for older adults in need of long-term care.
Lost in a random forest: Using Big Data to study rare events:

Sudden, broad-scale shifts in public opinion about social problems are relatively rare. Until recently, social scientists were forced to conduct post-hoc case studies of such unusual events that ig...
Constructing Public Spaces| Participants on the Margins: Examining the Role that Shared Artifacts of Engagement in the Ferguson Protests Played Among Minoritized Political Newcomers on Snapchat, Facebook, and Twitter

Utilizing ethnographic methods, this article explores how diverse young people at the margins of politics used social media in relation to the Ferguson protests. The article argues for the significance of what is termed artifacts of engagement , referring to the photos, messages, and other materials that signal political involvement and that young students of color shared with their peers through the social media of Snapchat, Facebook, and Twitter. Shared artifacts of engagement and the affordances of the platforms through which they are shared are both found to be key to what Bennett and Segerberg (2013) term connective action, or the ways that individuals use social media as they personalize expressions of a movement’s goals and may therefore participate in larger efforts aimed at bringing about social change.
Abstract 232: E-selectin-targeting Microparticle-mediated Delivery of MicroRNAs for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Rationale: E-selectin on inflamed endothelium promotes atherosclerosis and also provides binding sites for targeted drug delivery. We identified an E-selectin-targeting thioaptamer (ESTA) and conjugated it onto a multistage vector (MSV) to form an ESTA-MSV microparticle. In this study, we tested targeted delivery of therapeutic microRNAs (miRs) loaded in the ESTA-MSV for the treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results: The expression of E-selectin was up-regulated, while the expressions of miR-146a and miR-181b were down-regulated, in TNF-α-treated human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVECs). MiR-146a and miR-181b mimics were packaged into ESTA-MSV microparticles. We found that both the miR-146a and miR-181b significantly attenuated TNF-α-induced up-regulation of adhesion molecules. Moreover, the monocyte adhesion to HMVECs was also attenuated by the miR-146a or miR-181b. The ApoE-/- mice were injected with ESTA-MSV-packaged miR-146a or miR-181b mimic biweekly through tail vein for 12 weeks. Inje...
Θρᾷξ, Δυτȋνος, Καταρράκτης

During the course of four months' work with oil-damaged sea-birds at the Richmond Bird Rescue Centre in California, I made notes which may help to establish meanings for the following names, which are left doubtful in D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson's Glossary of Greek Birds.Θρφξ. Mentioned only in Dionysius, Ixeuticon ii 14, iii 25, where it is coupled with the κόλυμβος as a bird that sleeps upon the water. Κόλυμβος or κολυμβίς is almost certainly the Little Grebe, being described by Alexander of Myndus (ap. Athen, ix 315d) as ‘smallest of all the water birds’, and θρᾷξ should also be a grebe. As the grebes treated at Richmond recovered their health, there was abundant opportunity to observe the bird's preference for sleeping on the water, and it was in fact accepted as a rule that birds should spend two days and nights continuously on the water in an outdoor artificial pool before being released in the sea. These were Western Grebes (Aechmophorus occidentalis), a species unknown in the eastern hemisphere. For θρᾷξ I would suggest the Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus cristatus), which is certainly known in Thracian waters—‘nowhere so numerous as in the harbour of Istanbul’ in March. But I would suggest that its name (or nickname—οἱ καλουμένοι θρᾷκeς: Dionysius loc. cit.) comes rather from its crest, comparable to that of the fox-skin cap and helmet nowadays called Thracian. In a writer of the Roman Imperial period there may also be some reference to ‘Thracian’ gladiators. Western Grebes are very pugnacious birds, until one has gained their confidence, and Great Crested Grebes may share this characteristic.
Radiocarbon Dating and Stable Isotopic Analysis of Insect Chitin from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits, Southern California

This paper presents the first successful methods for accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) dating of asphalt-impregnated insect chitin from the Rancho La Brea Tar Pits in southern California. A persistent problem with stratigraphic correlation at this site is that asphalt flows are characteristically intermittent and are really discontinuous, which can result in mixing fossils of quite different ages. Direct 14C dating of specimens circumvents this difficulty but requires a pretreatment method that can produce dates from relatively small samples (<10 mg) of insect cuticle, while successfully removing residual asphalt and sample preparation solvents as well as soil carbon contamination. 14C dating accuracy was verified by comparing dates on insect chitin with ages for seeds and twigs compacted during a rapid entrapment event within a separately dated skull of the Western Camel, Camelops hesternus Leidy. All dates fell within a relatively narrow range of ~40,000–44,000 14C yr BP, suggesting that such methods can be used with confidence on other insect material from this site. Insects are often superior paleoenvironmental indicators for establishing precise data points for climate fluctuations. This is because their lifecycles and present-day climate-restricted geographic distributions are well documented, and unlike migrating mammals and birds, insects offer crucial information about the local environment. Our results are therefore potentially significant for studies of paleoecological and paleoclimatic change within the Los Angeles Basin and coastal southern California, as well as reconstruction of entrapment events at Rancho La Brea.
New measurement of the α asymptotic normalization coefficient of the 1 / 2 + state in O 17 at 6.356 MeV that dominates the C 13 ( α , n ) O 16 reaction rate at temperatures relevant for the s process

Background: Accurate knowledge of the $^{13}\mathrm{C}(\ensuremath{\alpha},n)^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction cross section is important for the understanding of the $s$ process in asymptotic giant branch stars, since it is considered to be the main source of neutrons. The subthreshold $1/{2}^{+}$ state at excitation energy of 6.356 MeV in $^{17}\mathrm{O}$ has a strong influence on the reaction cross section at energies relevant for astrophysics. Several experiments have been performed to determine the contribution of this state to the $^{13}\mathrm{C}(\ensuremath{\alpha},n)^{16}\mathrm{O}$ reaction rate. Nevertheless, significant discrepancies between different measurements remain.Purpose: The aim of this work is to investigate these discrepancies.Method: An 8 MeV $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ beam (below the Coulomb barrier) was used to study the $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-transfer reaction $^{6}\mathrm{Li}(^{13}\mathrm{C},d)^{17}\mathrm{O}$.Results: The squared Coulomb-modified asymptotic normalization coefficient of the $1/{2}^{+}$ state in $^{17}\mathrm{O}$ measured in this work is ${({\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{C}}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}{\ensuremath{-}}^{13}\text{C}}^{^{17}\mathrm{O}(1/2+)})}^{2}=3.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.7\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\text{fm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.Conclusions: Discrepancy between the results of $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-transfer experiments have been resolved. However, some discrepancy with the most recent measurement using the Trojan Horse method remains.
Race-of-Victim Discrepancies in Homicides and Executions, Louisiana 1976-2015

Black male victims comprise 61 percent of homicide victims in present day Louisiana, yet their killers have been executed in only three cases out of 12,949 homicides since Gregg v. Georgia reinstated the death penalty in 1976. This is less than 6 percent of the execution rate for killers of all other victims, and 1/48th the execution rate for the killers of white women. A thorough analysis of Louisiana's homicides and a complete review of its history of executions, using FBI statistics and the Espy File of national executions, reveals that the ultimate punishment has long been reserved for crimes other than killing black men. New here is the compilation and analysis of a complete database of all 241 Louisiana post-Gregg death verdict cases, including their 316 victims. In these cases, 80 percent of the victims are people other than black males. http://ssrn.com/abstract=2772052
Vegetable Protein Concentrates Fed Alone and in Combination with Soybean Oil Meal and Fish Meal as the Chief Supplementary Protein in Chick Starting Rations

Abstract SHORTAGES of animal protein concentrates have made it necessary to use increasing amounts of vegetable protein feeds in chick rations. Experiments reported from this laboratory (Heuser and Norris, 1944) showed that to obtain optimum growth and feed efficiency for chicks up to 8 weeks of age the ration can derive its supplementary protein chiefly from soybean oil meal but that it should contain a minimum of 2 to 3 percent of animal-protein concentrates, such as fish meal, meat scrap, or dried skimmilk. It seemed desirable, therefore, to know the feeding value of some of the other vegetable protein feeds, when they supplied a large part of the protein of the ration. In this study soybean oil meal and cottonseed meal were fed because they are produced in largest amounts. Linseed oil meal and corn gluten feed are also available in considerable quantities. Peanut meal and wheat germ meal, although not . . .
Research on the power consumption characteristics for air cooled condenser fans

After the detailed analysis of the efficiencies for the ACC fans power transmission loop,it is proved that the efficiency drop of the motor,frequency converter,and speed reducer is relatively small when the operation speed is 50%or above,which leads to the conclusion that the power consumption of the ACC motors isthe cubic function of the operation speed.After comparison of the site testing result and theoretical calculation result,it is shown that the absolute difference of the two results is small and has little influence to the ACC fans operation optimization.
Looking Back and Glimpsing Forward: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions as Applied to Organizations

Experimental evidence for aspects of the broaden-and-build theory actually existed prior to the theory’s introduction to the academic world. Generally speaking, laboratory studies showed a causal effect of positive feelings on thought processes. Across a host of studies, Isen and her colleagues demonstrated a wide range of cognitive outcomes resulting from induced positive emotions, including patterns of unusual thought (Isen, Johnson, Mertz, & Robinson, 1985), flexible thinking (Isen & Daubman, 1984), creativity (Isen, Daubman, & Nowicki, 1987), and receptivity to new information (Estrada, Isen, & Young, 1997).
Abstract 4554: An evaluation of the role of Mucin in drug resistant ovarian cancer

MUC1 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in epithelial ovarian cancer. Due to extensive O-glycosylation, mucins form a physical barrier that limits the intracellular accumulation and cytotoxic effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. Our investigation represents a key step in determining if drug resistance in ovarian cancer develops due to altered MUC1 expression and glycosylation. Immunoblotting and ELISA techniques were utilized to characterize the extent of membrane-bound and shed MUC1 expression in drug-resistant and drug-sensitive ovarian cancer cells. An (anti-MUC1) antibody-based in vitro model was employed to determine if the inhibition of O-glycosylation enhanced functional access of small molecule drugs using FACS and fluorescence microscopic analyses. Expression of MUC1 was detected in both the drug resistant ovarian cancer cell line SK-OV-3 (MDR) and the parent cell line SK-OV-3 (WT), with the highest levels observed in the drug resistant sub-clone. The greatest improvement in functional anti-MUC1 antibody access following inhibition of O-glycosylation was observed in the drug-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Our results provide evidence to support drug resistance in ovarian cancer due in part to a mucin barrier mesh. The inhibition of mucin O-glycosylation may be a viable strategy to improve drug delivery and efficacy of small molecule delivery to ovarian carcinomas. Citation Format: Steven M. Richards, Robert B. Campbell. An evaluation of the role of Mucin in drug resistant ovarian cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4554. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4554
A hybrid approach to appendicitis with right external iliac artery pseudo aneurysm: A case report

Abstract Introduction While acute appendicitis is a common surgical problem, the simultaneous occurrence of appendicitis and an infected iliac artery pseudoaneurysm is exceedingly rare. We report the successful treatment of an infected right external iliac artery pseudo aneurysm in the 1setting of acute appendicitis. Presentation of case The patient is an 83-year-old male who presents with severe sepsis, right lower quadrant and right leg pain. Additional past medical history is significant for rectal cancer status post resection and radiation therapy in 1997. Computed tomography (CT) on admission revealed a right iliopsoas muscle abscess, an inflamed Appendix and a pseudo aneurysm arising from the right external iliac artery. After consultations by multiple specialties, the plan was to proceed with percutaneous drainage of the abscess, antibiotic therapy and subsequent repair of the pseudoaneurysm. CT guided drainage of the iliopsoas abscess was performed with return of hemorrhagic fluid. Due to the concern of contained pseudoaneurysm rupture, the patient was taken for expedited repair. Due to the patient’s frailty and hostile abdomen, we performed embolization of the right external iliac artery pseudoaneurysm with Amplatzer I plugs (St. Jude Medical, St. Paul MN) and left common femoral to right superficial femoral bypass with cryopreserved cadaveric femoral vein. Following pseudoaneurysm exclusion, continued percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy, the patient has done well with no further evidence of infection. Conclusion Repair of infected pseudo aneurysms can prove challenging. Ongoing infection, a hostile surgical abdomen and patient frailty further complicates the treatment of these patients. This case displays a minimally invasive approach to this rare but morbid condition.
Flying in a V formation: themes of (in)equity, reality, and togetherness in adult siblings’ narrative explanations of shared parental caregiving

ABSTRACTGuided by communicated narrative sense-making, the present study explored the themes that characterize adult siblings’ stories about their experiences with sharing care of aging parents. Interviews with 20 adult siblings revealed the varied and emotional nature of their shared parental caregiving stories. Adult siblings primarily constructed meaning of their caregiving experiences by drawing upon three overarching narratives: (1) the narrative of (in)equity, (2) the narrative of ideal versus real, and (3) the narrative of interconnectedness. These findings highlight the need for adult siblings providing care for their parents to work together as a team, exercise empathy in their interactions, and express gratitude for one another’s contributions. Several practical applications are discussed that can help siblings manage and overcome the relational challenges associated with caring for a parent.
The Consequences of Prejudice and Discrimination for Prejudiced Persons and Dominant Groups

So happily is the world designed, Adam Smith wrote in An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776) that each person working diligently in his own interests will best serve the nation as a whole. No economic thesis has so powerfully influenced the Western world, particularly the United States, as Smith’s, even down to the late twentieth century. This partial truth has often dominated public policy. Only slowly are we learning the relevance of a nearly opposite statement: So perversely is the world designed that each person working diligently in his own interests often injures not only himself but the community, the nation and, in these interdependent times, the world as a whole.
Effectiveness of a Mobile Mammography Program.

OBJECTIVE. Mobile mammography units have increasingly been used to address patient health care disparities; however, there are limited data comparing mobile units to stationary sites. This study ai...
A Sequent Calculus for Counterfactual Reasoning

Counterfactual conditions such as "if A were not true, then C would not have been true" have been formally studied by philosophers for causal claims for decades. Counterfactuals are often used informally in practice for diagnosing systems and identifying errors or misconfigurations. This paper develops a proof theory for counterfactual reasoning of Horn clauses, which have applications in domains including security and database and program analysis. The application to security that this paper focuses on is modeling and reasoning about probing attacks in Datalog-based trust management systems, where an attacker can apply counterfactual reasoning to obtain sensitive information embedded in the system. Our work is inspired by a Hilbert-style axiomatized system for counterfactual reasoning for Horn clauses, which are hard to use to construct proofs or study properties of the system. To alleviate this difficulty, we develop a sequent calculus from first principles. We show that the sequent calculus has cut elimination and is sound and complete with regard to the corresponding Hilbert style axiomatized system. We also show how to construct proofs that model practical counterfactual reasoning scenarios in trust management systems using our sequent calculus rules.