cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Diffuse dermal angiomatosis associated with calciphylaxis in a patient with end‐stage renal disease

Diffuse dermal angiomatosis (DDA) represents a benign, acquired, reactive proliferation of vessels. DDA is clinically characterized by painful livedoid plaques with central ulceration, and the histopathologic hallmark is diffuse endothelial cell hyperplasia in the dermis. DDA has been rarely reported in association with calciphylaxis, a condition characterized by calcification of arterial walls with accompanying thrombosis and cutaneous necrosis. We present a case of a 72-year-old man with end-stage renal disease on peritoneal dialysis who presented with painful lesions on his legs, and was found to have DDA in the setting of calciphylaxis. The possible pathogenesis linking DDA and calciphylaxis is discussed.
A singular integral operator with rough kernel

Let b(y) be a bounded radial function and Q(y') an H1 function on the unit sphere satisfying the mean zero property. Under certain growth conditions on 4(t), we prove that the singular integral operator T-,bf (X) = p.v. j f (x y(jy)y)b(y)yIl-nQ(y') dy is bounded in LP(RI) for 1 < p < oo.
The Yak1 Protein Kinase of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Moderates Thermotolerance and Inhibits Growth by an Sch9 Protein Kinase-Independent Mechanism

The growth defect associated with the loss of yeast A kinase activity can be alleviated by the overexpression or deletion of two other kinases, Sch9 and Yak1, respectively. Using tests of epistasis, we have shown that Sch9 and Yak1 define separate signaling pathways and must, therefore, suppress the A kinase defect by different mechanisms. Nevertheless, the Yak1 kinase appears to regulate cellular processes that are under A kinase control. For example, acquisition of heat resistance is correlated with Yak1 kinase activity, such that YAK1-overexpressing cells are over 200-fold more resistant than isogenic yak1 strains. These results, for the first time, associate a phenotype, other than suppression of the A kinase growth defect, with the loss of Yak1 activity and argue a broader role for the Yak1 kinase in cell growth.
What Mainstream Economists Won’t Tell You About Neoliberal Globalization.

What I remember most about the demonstrations against the World Trade Org a n i z a t i o n in Seattle in the winter of 1999 was the exhilaration of knowing by sundown of the first day that veterans of the 1960s like myself would not be condemned to live out the rest of our days never again to be part of a living movement for radical social change in our own country. But since I did not read a newspaper or watch a television for four days while in Seattle, I had no idea how the rest of the country was viewing “The Battle for Seattle.” I had only the mouse’s eye view until I returned home to Washington DC and opened five days of newspapers sitting outside my apartment. To my surprise I discovered that the Washington Post, the New York Times, and the Boston Globe h a d finally conceded that someone other than a crackpot or spokesperson for a “special interest” might have legitimate grounds for questioning the merits of neoliberal globalization. What was only a moderate sized demonstration by my standards had, to my surprise, succeeded in moving the issue of globalization from a back to a front burner in the United States.
A re-examination of the case for homology between the X and Y chromosomes of mouse and man

Evidence is presented from the literature which suggests that in mouse and man, (1) synapsis between the X and Y is nonhomologous, (2) crossing over does not regularly occur between the X and Y, but is prevented by “precocious” desynapsis, and (3) normal disjunction of the X and Y is assured by an achiasmatic end association.
Analog and digital computer theory

Analog signals abound in the natural world. With appropriate transducers these signals can be converted to continuous voltages and can be displayed, transmitted, stored, or copied. They can be processed by analog computers, the simplest of which is an audio amplifier. With analog signals, however, there can be errors because of signals loss, interference, and noise. Binary digital signals permit only two values, either 0 (‘off’ or ‘low’) or 1 (‘on’ or ‘high’). These signals are much less susceptible to transmission problems. Binary signals are commonly organized into 8-bit groups which can represent 256 different numbers or meanings. These data can be transmitted in either serial or parallel fashion at high rates of speed. Analog-to-digital converters permit analog signals to be transformed to digital signals.
Ecology of hantaviruses and their hosts in North America.

Abstract Since the 1993 discovery of a highly pathogenic hantavirus associated with the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), intensive ecological studies have led to many advances in our understanding of the natural history of New World hantaviruses as it relates to human disease. Seventeen named hantaviruses have been identified in North America. Field and laboratory studies of Sin Nombre and other hantaviruses have delineated host associations, geographical distributions, mechanisms of transmission, temporal infection dynamics of these viruses in host populations, and environmental factors that influence these dynamics. Using data from these studies, preliminary predictive models of the risk of hantavirus infection to humans have been developed. Improved models using satellite-derived data are under development. Multidisciplinary collaboration, integration of field and laboratory studies, and establishment and maintenance of long-term monitoring studies will be critical to continued advan...
Should UML be used for declarative programming

Widely used in object-oriented programming, the Unified Modelling Language (UML) is largely ignored by the declarative programming community. this paper attempts to introduce the UML and provide reasons for its adoption by declarative programmers as both a design methodology and as a novel application area.
Aspects of spin dynamics and magnetic interactions

Abstract Non-collinear magnetic alignment is somewhat unusual for equilibrium, and those systems exhibiting such ground states are frequently `victims’ of competing forces. For non-equilibrium, or dynamical systems (e.g. T >0) non-collinear alignment is universal. We discuss such systems and present some basic formalism for evaluating from first principles the equation of motion and related relevant properties. Considerable discussion is also devoted to obtaining from first principles, parameters for model magnetic Hamiltonians. These models represent a convenient way to gain insight and to approximately evaluate magnetic interactions for very complex systems.
Importance of Preoperative Training and Maze Difficulty in Task Performance Following Hippocampal Damage in the Gerbil

A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the effects of preoperative training on three variations of a spatial working memory task following ischemic damage to the hippocampus. A discrete trial, pair-run procedure in a standard T-maze apparatus was used. Ischemic and sham gerbils were tested on a Win/Shift, Win/Shift Delay (10 s), or Win/Stay task with or without preoperative training. Gerbils tested on the Win/Shift or Win/Shift Delay tasks did not exhibit improved performance as a result of pretraining. Ischemic gerbils in Win/Shift tasks exhibited working memory impairment with or without preoperative training. In contrast, pretraining was found to significantly improve the performance of gerbils tested in the Win/Stay task. Choice accuracy of pretrained ischemic gerbils was not significantly different from controls. These data suggest that preoperative training can influence performance, however the difficulty of the task and/or the amount of pretraining are important variables. The tendency for rodents to alternate makes the Win/Shift task ideal when extensive training or testing is not possible.
An Inquiry into the Role of Public Employees and Managers in Privatization

The contracting out of routine services and some sensitive functions has grown rapidly at every level of government in the United States It not only has become a new method for human resource managers to provide needed public services, but it also poses new challenges for personnel management and for the training responsibilities of future public administrators What accounts for the growth of privatization m recent years, despite strong and persistent opposition? This article suggests that the disappearance of some revenue sources accounts for the growth Another factor is that the intellectual climate supports a shift away from public programs toward the private sector For personnel specialists privatization carries with it a risk of transition in allegiance from the public to the private sector This development leaves workers at the mercy of the marketplace and steps away from the government protection that they had once enjoyed The article recommends that privatization should be limited to only those se...
Agricultural Trade Networks and Patterns of Economic Development

International trade networks are manifestations of a complex combination of diverse underlying factors, both natural and social. Here we apply social network analytics to the international trade network of agricultural products to better understand the nature of this network and its relation to patterns of international development. Using a network tool known as triadic analysis we develop triad significance profiles for a series of agricultural commodities traded among countries. Results reveal a novel network “superfamily” combining properties of biological information processing networks and human social networks. To better understand this unique network signature, we examine in more detail the degree and triadic distributions within the trade network by country and commodity. Our results show that countries fall into two very distinct classes based on their triadic frequencies. Roughly 165 countries fall into one class while 18, all highly isolated with respect to international agricultural trade, fall into the other. Only Vietnam stands out as a unique case. Finally, we show that as a country becomes less isolated with respect to number of trading partners, the country's triadic signature follows a predictable trajectory that may correspond to a trajectory of development.
Length-Dependent Modulation of Myosin Phosphorylation and Contractile Force in Coronary Arterial Smooth Muscle

Abstract Phosphorylation of the 20,000 dalton myosin light chain (LC) is a central regulatory mechanism of smooth muscle contraction. Our previous findings on airway smooth muscle have led us to hypothesize that length-dependent and length-independent modulation of myosin phosphorylation coexist in smooth muscle. In this study, we tested the general applicability of this hypothesis by investigating the length dependences of myosin phosphorylation and contractile force in bovine coronary arterial smooth muscle. Comparison of the time courses of myosin phosphorylation at optimal (L o ) and preshortened lengths indicated that the initial peak myosin phosphorylation induced by K + -depolarization, histamine, and endothelin were all length dependent. Additional experiments focusing on the length dependence of steady-state myosin phosphorylation revealed that the length dependence of K + -depolarization-induced steady-state myosin phosphorylation (0.13 mol P i /mol LC/L o ) was significant, but smaller than that found in airway smooth muscle. In contrast, the length dependence of endothelin-induced steady-state myosin phosphorylation (0.03 mol P i /mol LC/L o ) was insignificant. The different length dependences of depolarization- and endothelin-induced myosin phosphorylation were found to correlate with different length–force relations. The length–force relationships in K + -depolarized and endothelin-activated tissues remained different even when the force was normalized by the maximum value at L o . Variable length–force relations have been reported but the biochemical basis is not understood. Results from this study suggest that length-dependent modulation of myosin phosphorylation may be an important determinant of length–force relationship in smooth muscle.
WEAK VS. STRONG INVADERS OF NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES: ASSESSING INVASIBILITY AND IMPACT

In response to the profound threat of exotic species to natural systems, much attention has been focused on the biotic resistance hypothesis, which predicts that diverse communities should better resist invasions. While studies of natural communities generally refute this hypothesis, reporting positive relationships between native species diversity and invasibility, some local-scale studies have instead obtained negative relationships. Most treatments of the topic have failed to recognize that all exotic invaders do not behave alike: while “weak” invaders become minor components of communities, “strong” invaders become community dominants at the expense of native species. At the same time, the specific impacts of strong invaders on communities are poorly documented yet critical to understanding implications of diversity loss. With these shortfalls in mind, we examined local-scale relationships between native and exotic plant taxa in bunchgrass communities of western Montana, USA. We found that measures of...
Hormonal mediators of immune function: new targets for therapeutic intervention.

Even as additional proteins are identified as mediators of immune responses and accorded the designation of interleukins, our understanding of how these mediators work continues to grow. Furthermore, hormones that were previously characterized in non-immunological systems have demonstrated profound effects on immunocytes at a cellular level. These advances have provided new insights into how immune responses are regulated, and have suggested novel approaches to inhibiting or altering immune responses in disease states. Examples of these advances are presented in this review.
A comparison between Adomian decomposition method and Taylor series method in the series solutions

In this work, we will compare the performance of the Adomian decomposition method and the Taylor series method applied to the solution of linear and nonlinear ordinary differential equations. The comparison shows that the decomposition method is reliable, efficient and easy to use from a computational viewpoint. Although the two methods provide the solution in an infinite series, the decomposition method provides a fast convergent series of easily computable components and eliminates cumbersome computational work needed by Taylor series method.
Development of an immunoassay to measure the humoral immune response of hybrid striped bass Morone chrysops×M. saxatilis

Hybrid striped bass (HSB) were immunized with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and the specific anti-BSA immunoglobulin (Ig) was affinity purified from the resulting serum by means of an agarose gel-BSA column. The native Ig had an apparent molecular size of 893 KDD, by size exclusion chromatography, and when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) under denaturing conditions, resolved to heavy (H) and light (L) chains of 76 and 27 KDD, respectively. Affinity purified native HSB Ig was used to immunize a goat which produced specific anti-HSB Ig antibody (Ab). Purified native HSB Ig was also used to produce two murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with specific affinities for H and L chain moieties of the HSB Ig molecule. Both polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies could be used individually in an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure specific anti-BSA Ig in HSB serum. These antibodies could also be used in combination to measure total Ig in a capture ELISA format. Using both assays, the kinetics of the humoral immune response of HSB was measured for 98 days following two injections of BSA.
An investigation of discrete adjoints for flux-limited numerical schemes

In this paper we investigate the construction of discrete adjoints of flux-limited numerical schemes for the advection equation. Discrete adjoints are attractive since they can be generated easily via automatic differentiation. However, a careful analysis is needed in order to understand their properties. We discuss several issues posed by the differentiation of the limiter functions and propose an alternative implementation of the forward model that leads to stable discrete adjoint solutions.
Site of production of an oviposition-deterring pheromone component in Rhagoletis pomonella flies

Abstract Using behavioural and electrophysiological assay techniques, we identified the posterior half of the midgut as being a principal site of production of a major component of the oviposition-deterring, fruit-marking pheromone of female Rhagoletis pomonella flies. Following secretion into, and accumulation in, the gut lumen, this component is released, together with other gut contents, in the marking trail deposited during dragging of the ovipositor on the fruit surface after egg-laying, as well as in the faeces. Other components of the pheromone may be produced elsewhere.
Pregnancy Is Associated With Various Degrees of Increased Gingival Inflammation in Healthy Women

Article title and bibliographic information Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review. Figuero E, Carrillo-de-Albornoz A, Martin C, Tobias A, Herrera D. J Clin Periodontol 2013;40(5):457-73. Reviewer Stefanie L. Russell, DDS, MPH, PhD Purpose/Question How large an effect does pregnancy have on gingival inflammation in healthy pregnant women? Source of funding This work was supported by a non-profit group: the Spanish Society on Periodontology (SEPA), a member group of the European Federation of Periodontology, one of the largest dental organizations in Europe Type of study/Design Systematic review with meta-analysis Level of evidence Level 1: Good-quality, patient-oriented evidence Strength of recommendation grade Grade B: Inconsistent or limited-quality patient-oriented evidence
Posterior uterine rupture in a woman with a previous Cesarean delivery

A 33-year-old primipara with a previous low transverse Cesarean delivery underwent labor induction at 41 weeks' gestation with a 10-mg dinoprostone vaginal insert. Eleven hours later, with the cervix fully dilated, an emergency Cesarean delivery was performed because of repetitive variable decelerations followed by fetal bradycardia. A posterior uterine wall rupture extending from the fundus to the vagina was repaired in layers. The neonate had an Apgar score of 2 and 4 and expired on the 7th day of life.
PHOTOPHYSICAL and PHOTOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF COUMARIN DYES IN AMPHIPHILIC MEDIA

— Photophysical properties of coumarin dyes solubilized in aqueous detergent solutions have been investigated including measurement of absorption and fluorescence emission maxima, and fluorescence quantum yields. Use of coumarin 4 as a fluorescence probe of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solutions led to the conclusion that the sites for dye incorporation in micelles are significantly hydrogen-bonded (hydrated). The inhibition of photochemical decomposition for detergent-solubilizcd dyes has also been observed. Electron transfer from micelle-bound dye to a water soluble acceptor, methyl viologen, has been investigated by flash photolysis.
Surface Modes Within the Bulk Continua

Several types of vibrational surface modes have been found within the bulk continua in calculations for model crystals.
A Rapidly Converging Algorithm for Estimating Respiratory Mechanical Parameters in a Five-Element Model

A rapidly converging algorithm for computing values for respiratory mechanical parameters from forced random noise independance data was developed and verified. The algorithm, which was based on a five-element Mead-type model, minimized the sum of squared differences between the model's response and experimental data, while imposing a nonnegativity constraint on the parameter values. It yielded parameter values that showed excellent agreement with values obtained previously using standard nonlinear regression analysis, but required much less computer time, 10 s versus 1 h. When this algorithm is coupled with the forced random impedance data collection techniques, it provides a rapid noninvasive method for estimating respiratory inertance, central resistance, peripheral resistance, and airway compliance. The problem of estimating peripheral compliance was not solved by this algorithm.
Design of Fourier-transform holographic lenses in the presence of a recording-readout wavelength shift.

A method for recording Fourier-transform holographic lenses, in the presence of a recording–readout wavelength shift, is presented. The method is illustrated with a holographic lens recorded at 488 nm and reconstructed at 633 nm, with high diffraction efficiencies and low aberrations over a wide field of view of ±10°.
Nifedipine enhances the cardiac toxicity of magnesium sulfate in the isolated perfused Sprague-Dawley rat heart

Magnesium sulfate is commonly used in tocolytic regimens and as prophylaxis against seizures. Nifedipine may be used simultaneously in either situation. With the isolated perfused rat heart model (Sprague-Dawley rats), we investigated the effects of these agents on cardiac function. Whereas each agent alone depressed cardiac performance, the two drugs together had maximal depressive effects on the heart.
The occurrence of tetrodotoxin (tarichatoxin) in amphibia and the distribution of the toxin in the organs of newts (Taricha)

Abstract Among amphibia tetrodotoxin was found by bioassay only in the family Salamandridae. It was present in substantial concentration (mean value of about 25 μg per g) only in the genus Taricha: T. torosa, T. rivularis, T. granulosa; smaller amounts (1–4 μg per g) were found in Notophthalmus viridescens, Cynops pyrrhogaster, C. ensicauda and trace amounts (less than 0·1 μg per g) in Triturus vulgaris, T. cristatus, T. alpestris, T. marmoratus. This toxin was not detected in fourteen species of the orders Caudata and Salientia. In adult Taricha torosa, tetrodotoxin is concentrated in the skin, ovaries and ova, muscle and blood and is present in trace amounts in the liver, viscera and testes
Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary artery disease in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Importance of chamber size and systolic wall stress.

Background —Left ventricular hypertrophy is a heterogeneous disorder with distinct morphologies. Changes in wall thickness, left ventricular chamber diameter, and mass alter systolic wall stress of the left ventricle and may influence ischemic threshold. Thus, the goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the different patterns of left ventricular hypertrophy on the accuracy of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography. Methods and Results —Three-hundred eighty-six patients underwent multistage dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography and diagnostic angiography. Echocardiograms were measured for mean and relative wall thicknesses, chamber size, left ventricular mass, and end-systolic wall stress. The patterns of ventricular hypertrophy were concentric hypertrophy (increased wall thickness and mass), eccentric hypertrophy (normal wall thickness and increased mass), and concentric remodeling (increased wall thickness and normal mass). The overall sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography for the detection of coronary artery disease were 85%, 87%, and 86%, respectively. Increased left ventricular mass index alone did not affect accuracy. Sensitivity was markedly reduced (36%) only in those with concentric remodeling. The univariate predictors of false-negative studies were single-vessel left circumflex disease, increased wall thickness, small chamber size, hyperdynamic ejection fraction, and left ventricular concentric remodeling. Multivariate predictors were concentric remodeling ( P 2 SD above normal ( P <0.0001), and single-vessel left circumflex disease ( P <0.0007; odds ratio, 7.6). Sensitivity was excellent in patients with small ventricles and normal wall thickness and in those with normal or large chambers regardless of wall thickness. Conclusions —Dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiography is an accurate test in most patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, but it is insensitive in the small subset with concentric remodeling.
Hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury and the vegetative state Clinical and neuropathologic correlation

We studied 10 patients who survived for 2 to 8 weeks in a vegetative state, including 8 with cardiopulmonary failure and 2 with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Within days of onset, they regained brainstem function and awoke, but none had evidence of cognitive awareness. All patients opened their eyes within 2 weeks, and eight had roving conjugate eye movements. Pupillary and corneal responses were intact within 1 week, and seven patients had tonic oculovestibular responses (OVR) within 24 hours. By the end of 1 day, only three patients failed to move limbs in response to noxious stimuli. At postmortem, all patients had widespread ischemic neuronal damage in the cerebral hemispheres. The brainstems lacked morphologic abnormality, except that one patient had a single microinfarct in the superior colliculus.
Detection of Ethanol Consumption by ELISA Assay Measurement of Acetaldehyde Adducts in Murine Hair

Acetaldehyde (AA), a principal metabolite of ethanol, reacts with proteins to form protein-AA adducts in vivo and in vitro. We studied three different protein-AA adducts produced in vitro, as well as hair keratin-AA adducts from ethanol-fed and/or cocaine-injected mice. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed that detected the stable protein-AA adducts in protein isolated from hair. Cocaine injection had little effect on hair AA adduct formation. The indirect ELISA assay showed significantly increased levels of keratin-AA adducts in hair from mice fed ethanol for 8 weeks. Hair collection was noninvasive and the AA-protein adducts were stable. Therefore, this indirect ELISA assay could be further developed as a biochemical parameter for alcoholism in the clinical setting.
On projection-reconstruction NMR

Three most simple Projection-Reconstruction algorithms, namely, the Lowest-Value, Additive Back-Projection and Hybrid Back-Projection/Lowest-Value algorithms, are analyzed. A new, also simple, algorithm that reconstructs the spectrum by utilizing the amplitude histogram at each reconstruction point, is explored. The algorithms are tested using simulated spectra. While all the algorithms considered can potentially result in substantial reduction of the amount of data needed for reconstruction, they can suffer from a number of drawbacks. In particular, they often fail when the spectra are noisy and/or contain overlapping peaks. When compared to the existing algorithms, the new, histogram-based algorithm has the potential advantage of being able to deal with spectra containing peaks of opposite phase.
Ovarian ablation alone promotes aortic intimal hyperplasia and accumulation of fibroblast growth factor

Background—Estrogen-mediated cardiovascular protection is incompletely explained by its beneficial lipid-modifying effects. Previous studies interrogating direct vascular effects of estrogens have used models of either diet- or injury-induced atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of ovarian ablation alone on vascular remodeling. We hypothesized that estrogens are atheroprotective, independent of their influence on lipid metabolism, by directly influencing the production and effects of a prototypical atherogenic mediator, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Methods and Results—Twenty-five female sheep were randomized to sham operation, ovariectomy, or ovariectomy plus 17β-estradiol replacement. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were serially measured for 1 year and were similar among groups and in the normal range (30 to 60 mg/dL). At 6, 9, and 12 months, ovariectomy resulted in aortoiliac intimal hyperplasia compared with sham (P<0.01) and hormone replacement...
Inhibition of HA Synthase 3 mRNA Expression, with a Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitor, Blocks Lung Injury in a Septic Ventilated Rat Model

Low-molecular-weight hyaluronan produced by hyaluronan synthase 3 (HAS3) has been shown to play a role in acute lung injury secondary to high-tidal-volume ventilation. Phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors have been shown to decrease HAS3 expression. We hypothesized that low-molecular-weight hyaluronan (LMW HA) produced by HAS3 mediates LPS-induced lung injury in the mechanically ventilated rat and that milrinone (MIL), by blocking HAS3 mRNA expression, would prevent the injury. Rats were randomized to four groups: controls with mechanical ventilation at 7 cc/kg MV, MV+LPS, MV+MIL, and MV+LPS+MIL. Rats were intubated and ventilated without PEEP for 4 h. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/kg) was infused into the arterial line 1 h prior to MV. MIL 10 μg/kg/min (or an equivalent volume of saline) was infused through the venous line at the beginning of MV. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) was collected after 4 h of ventilation and lungs were saved for histopathology. LPS significantly increased neutrophil infiltration and protein concentration in the BAL and augmented lung injury score on histology. MIL significantly lowered alveolar protein and neutrophil infiltration as well as lung injury in response to LPS. Furthermore, MIL decreased the mRNA expression for HAS3 and MIP2 in lung tissue and decreased the protein content in BAL. MIL, a commonly used inotropic agent, inhibited LPS-induced lung inflammation and lung injury in mechanically ventilated rats. The anti-inflammatory properties of MIL may be mediated by inhibition of HAS3 and/or MIP2 and could be beneficial in the treatment of sepsis.
Molecular translation—rovibronic hamiltonian. II. Linear molecules

Abstract The transformation of the translational—rovibronic (non-relativistic) hamiltonian from cartesian to generalized coordinates by the quantum-mechanical path outlined in the previous work has been carried out for linear molecules.
Energy storage via desiccants for food/agricultural applications

Abstract Energy storage has become an important consideration in adopting solar energy or providing energy during interruptable service of fossil fuels. Desiccants are a potential media especially suited for drying applications. Both liquid and solid dessicants are manufactured and could be used in small or large scale drying for crop or food product drying. This report reviews the applications of combining solar energy and desiccant energy storage. Various physical and thermal properties have been complied. A cost comparison revealed that energy storage via desiccants was competitive with phase-change materials, rock-bed storages and water systems.
Fully nonlinear internal waves in a two-fluid system

We derive general evolution equations for two-dimensional weakly nonlinear waves at the free surface in a system of two fluids of different densities. The thickness of the upper fluid layer is assumed to be small compared with the characteristic wavelength, but no restrictions are imposed on the thickness of the lower layer. We consider the case of a free upper boundary for its relevance in applications to ocean dynamics problems and the case of a non-uniform rigid upper boundary for applications to atmospheric problems. For the special case of shallow water, the new set of equations reduces to the Boussinesq equations for two-dimensional internal waves, whilst, for great and infinite lower-layer depth, we can recover the well-known Intermediate Long Wave and Benjamin-Ono models, respectively, for one-dimensional uni-directional wave propagation. Some numerical solutions of the model for one-dimensional waves in deep water are presented and compared with the known solutions of the uni-directional model. Finally, the effects of finite-amplitude slowly varying bottom topography are included in a model appropriate to the situation when the dependence on one of the horizontal coordinates is weak.
Space-time simulation of high-brightness semiconductor lasers

A full scale simulation model, that resolves the spatio- temporal behavior of competing longitudinal mode and transverse filamentation instabilities in a wide variety of high brightness edge emitter geometries, is presented. The model is highly modular and is built on a first principles microscopic physics basis. The nonlinear optical response function of the semiconductor, computed for specific QW structures, covers the low-density absorption to high density gain saturation regimes. As an illustration of its robustness as a laser design tool, the model is applied to a monolithically integrated flared amplifier master oscillator power amplifier semiconductor laser.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Graphite reactor memory Where is it from and how to minimize it

This paper describes experiments carried out to evaluate sample to sample memory in the graphitization reactors used in the Keck AMS laboratory, UC Irvine.
The monolayer thickness dependence of quantized double-layer capacitances of monolayer-protected gold clusters.

This report describes how the electrochemical double-layer capacitances of nanometer-sized alkanethiolate monolayer-protected Au clusters (MPCs) dissolved in electrolyte solution depend on the alkanethiolate chain length (C4 to C16). The double-layer capacitances of individual MPCs (CCLU) are sufficiently small (sub-attoFarad, aF) that their metal core potentials change by >0.1 V increments for single electron transfers at the electrode/solution interface. Thus, the current peaks observed are termed “quantized double layer charging peaks”, and their spacing on the potential axis varies with CCLU. Differential pulse voltammetric measurements of CCLU in solutions of core-size-fractionated (i.e., monodisperse) MPCs are compared to a simple theoretical model, which considers the capacitance as governed by the thickness of a dielectric material (the monolayer, whose chain length is varied) between concentric spheres of conductors (the Au core and the electrolyte solution). The experimental results fit the simp...
Effects of food plants and duration of hibernal quiescence on reproductive capacity of pea leaf weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

The effects of duration of the hibernal quiescent period, migrational state, food plant (pea, lentil, or alfalfa), and absence of food on fecundity and fertility of pea leaf weevil, Sitona lineatus (L.), were compared in the laboratory. Two rearing techniques were used to determine preovipositional and ovipositional periods, number of eggs laid, and rate of egg laying for S. lineatus field-collected monthly over several seasons. The fecundity of S. lineatus was significantly affected by the food provided, with weevils fed pea foliage having the highest fecundity. The lowest level of oviposition was observed for weevils provided lentil foliage or starved. The spring migrational state of S. lineatus and number of months spent in hibernal quiescence had a significant effect on oviposition.
Religious Leaders' Perceptions Regarding Benefits of and Barriers to Organized Religious Support in Providing Care to Older Adults with Chronic Illness

Bridging the health care gap for community-dwelling older adults with chronic illnesses is vital. Interviews with 12 religious leaders explored perceived barriers and potential benefits in partnering with a secular organization to provide such care. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim for content analysis. Themes identified as barriers included difficulty identifying “chronic illness” and awareness of need, volunteer over-commitment, proselytizing concerns, and financial obligations. Themes identified as benefits included the possibility of partnering with a secular organization to broker services, community views of churches as centralized assistance “clearinghouses,” a history of church collaboration, and creation of community cohesion. While faith-based organizations were interested in partnering to provide services, such partnerships must be developed within local community organizations in a position to broker services to those in need.
Optimization of complete band gaps for photonic crystal slabs through use of symmetry breaking hole shapes

A complete photonic band gap (PBG) in photonic crystal slab (PCS) devices is desirable for various applications, and a realizable device of this kind demands minimal transmittance in-plane as well as out of plane. While in the past much work has considered this problem, none have held transverse confinement as a prime factor. In order to achieve our goal, square and triangular hole shapes are considered. Looking at sharp featured shapes as well as their fabrication realizable rounded counterparts and an even more rudimentary triangular cluster of circles, we look to break the crystalmode symmetries for TM photonic bands and, therefore, open a complete band gap between the 1st and 2nd bands for both TE and TM light. TE/TM gap overlap is optimized for single-slab-mode operation, via the effective index method, for hole size, hole orientation, and slab thickness - all as functions of the lattice constant, a , and operational wavelength, λ. It is found that rounded triangular holes and tri-clustered circular holes of size 0.88 a and thickness d/ λ = 0.112 show identical photonic behavior that provides an optimized gap overlap of 0.0496 (ω a/2 π c = a/ λ) with a 12.81% gap figure of merit (Δω / ω 0 ).
Unsaturated Nucleoside Analogues: Synthesis and Antitumor Activity

Abstract Five classes of unsaturated nucleoside analogues were investigated as inhibitors of growth of murine leukemia L 1210 culture. The structural types include E ole-fins 1, Z-olefins 2, acetylene derivatives 3, allenes 4 and oxacyclopentenes 5. Compounds of the type 1-3 (X = Cl) were obtained by alkylation of the respective nucleic acid bases or 2-amino-6-chloropurine with E and Z-1,4-dichloro-2-butene or 1,4-di-chloro-2-butyne. Acid hydrolysis of intermediates 1, 2 and 3 (X = CI) led to the corresponding alcohols 1, 2 and 3 (X = OH). Chloroallene 4 (B = Ade, X = CI) was obtained by chlorination of adenallene (B = Ade, X = OH). Compounds of the type 5 were obtained by base-catalyzed cyclization of the respective 2-butynes. A prolonged hydrolysis of compound 2 (B = 2-amino-6-chloropurine, X = CI) gave tricyclic derivative 7. Similar cyclization of 2 (B = Ade, X = CI) afforded a 3, g-bridged adenine 8. Alcohol 2 (B = Ade, X = OH) is a poor substrate for adenosine deaminase as contrasted with compounds ...
Metallic non-Fermi-liquid phases of an extended Hubbard model in infinite dimensions.

We study an extended Hubbard model in the limit of infinite dimensions and its zero-dimensional counterpart, a generalized asymmetric Anderson model. In the impurity model we find three kinds of mixed valence states: (a) the usual strong-coupling state in which a resonance forms at the Fermi level; (b) a weak-coupling state in which neither the impurity spin nor the impurity charge degrees of freedom are quenched; and (c) an intermediate-coupling state where the spin but not the charge degree of freedom is quenched. The corresponding phases of the extended Hubbard model in infinite dimensions are (a) a Fermi liquid; (b) a non-Fermi-liquid state with incoherent charge and spin excitations; and (c) a non-Fermi-liquid state with incoherent charge but coherent spin excitations. The non-Fermi-liquid phases are incoherent metallic states with vanishing quasiparticle residue, self-similar local correlation functions, and asymptotically decoupled charge and spin excitations. The non-Fermi-liquid phases occur for a wide range of parameters.
Improving long-run industrial decision making

The paper describes the present status of new product evaluation and decision making in large and small companies. It discusses the need to draw from a wide range of sources for societal as well as financial and technical information. While deficiencies and the need for improved analytical capabilities are identified, the emphasis is on what can be done, and near term problems using as an example the decision to produce a new type of vehicle engine.
The chemistry of diphenylphosphine adducts of tris(neopentyl) and tris(trimethylsilyl-methyl)gallium and -indium including the crystal and molecular structure of (Me3CCH2)3Ga·P(H)Ph2

Abstract The adducts (Me3CCH2)3Ga·P(H)Ph2 and (Me3SiCH2)3Ga·P(H)Ph2 have been prepared as crystalline solids at room temperature and characterized by cryoscopic molecular weight measurements in benzene solution and 1H NMR, 31P NMR and IR spectroscopic data. The molecular weight studies demonstrate that both adducts are extensively dissociated in solution and that Ga(CH2CMe3)3 is a stronger Lewis acid than Ga(CH2SiMe3)3. An X-ray structural study defined the nature of (Me3CCH2)3Ga·P(H)Ph2 in the solid state. The colourless crystal contains two discrete molecules in each unit cell. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P 1 with unit cell dimensions of a = 9.564(8), b = 12.208(5), c = 12.946(9) A, α = 100.00(5), β = 100.41(8), γ = 102.97(7)° and Dcalc = 1.10 g cm−3. The adduct has a relatively long GaP distance of 2.683(5) A and the α-carbon atoms of the substituents on gallium and phosphorus are essentially but not perfectly eclipsed. The syntheses of (Me3CCH2)3In·P(H)Ph2 and (Me3SiCH2)3In·P(H)Ph2 were attempted but room temperature elimination reactions, which produced CMe4 and SiMe4, respectively, and the appropriate organoindium phosphides, precluded the isolation of adducts. Simple kinetic studies revealed that In(CH2CMe3)3-P(H)Ph2 eliminated CMe4 at 17°C significantly faster than In(CH2SiMe3)3-P(H)Ph2 produced SiMe4.
Harry Elmer Barnes And the “Historical Blackout”

(1971). Harry Elmer Barnes And the “Historical Blackout”. The Historian: Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 202-214.
EXPLAINING INTER-URBAN VARIATION IN THE LEVEL AND DISTRIBUTION OF INCOME

Little is currently known about the determinants of the level or distribution of income within urban areas. Although hypotheses have been advanced which have relevance to these issues, comprehen? sive studies in this area are not available. This paper presents re? sults of a study of inter-city variation in income levels and income distribution. Models are advanced in an attempt to explain variation in the extent of income inequality, the percentages of families at the top and bottom of the income distribution and the mean level of in? come across urban areas. Explanatory variables relied upon in these models are estimates of the level of education and work experience, output market concentration, unionization, firm size, racial and sexual discrimination and unemployment. Results of tests using cross-sec? tion data are varied but the models utilized do, in general, explain a high proportion of variance in both level and distribution variables and indicate statistically significant relationships for a number of included independent variables. The current income distribution literature places very heavy em? phasis on the importance of human capital in explaining variation in the level and distribution of income. According to this view it is primarily productivity differences and smoothly functioning factor markets which underlie the observed distribution of income. [Becker, Chiswick, Mincer] Carefully developed challenges to this view are now being advanced. [Bowles and Gintis, Thurow, 1976] Through both the theoretical models advanced and the empirical results at? tained, this study also offers some refutation of the strict human capital perspective. The empirical results indicate that while human capital considerations are not irrelevant, other considerations (gen? erally referred to as "market imperfections") are equally if not more important. The following section of this paper is devoted to a discussion of background issues in methodology and economic analysis. Section II includes an outline of the specific models tested. Section III is
The mean resequencing delay for M/H/sub K// infinity systems

The relationship between the mean resequencing delay and variations in packet transmission times is studied. Assuming a Poisson stream of packets, a K-stage hyperexponential transmission time distribution and an infinite number of equal capacity links connecting the source and destination nodes, the authors derive an expression for the mean resequencing delay. This result provides an upper bound on the mean resequencing delay for nodes connected by finitely many links. They observe that for the two-stage and three-stage hyperexponential distribution, the mean resequencing delay varies almost perfectly linearly with the squared coefficient of variation. An asymptotic bound analysis can explain this behavior. >
Effects of sleep fragmentation on glucose metabolism in normal subjects.

Normal sleep is exceedingly important, as judged by the fact that even a modest reduction in sleep duration can lead to impairments in alertness and cognitive performance.1 Aside from its significance for normal daytime function, sleep has profound effects on several biologic processes, including memory consolidation, immunologic responses, and neuroendocrine function.2 There is also a substantial body of empirical evidence indicating that sleep can influence glucose metabolism.3 Research conducted almost a decade ago has shown that even a modest reduction in sleep duration impairs glucose disposal.4 Thus, it is becoming increasingly evident that sleep has multiple functions and that its recuperative value is, in part, determined by sleep duration. In addition to sleep duration, sleep continuity is essential for normal daytime function. Sleep disorders such as obstructive sleep apnea, which is characterized by fragmented sleep, can have clinical consequences despite normal sleep duration.5 Clinical and epidemiologic studies have shown an independent association between disorders of sleep and altered glucose metabolism.6-8 However, much of the evidence linking poor sleep quality to metabolic dysfunction is based on observational research that provides limited insight into pathophysiologic mechanisms. Moreover, causal inferences on sleep quality and altered glucose metabolism are hindered by confounding factors that are inherent in epidemiologic research. Finally, conditions that fragment sleep often elicit other physiologic changes that can affect glucose metabolism. For example, obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by recurrent episodes of intermittent hypoxemia that terminate with brief arousals from sleep. Thus, at least for obstructive sleep apnea, it is virtually impossible to distinguish the pathophysiologic effects of poor sleep quality from intermittent hypoxemia. Only by experimentally inducing one of the two components in the absence of the other can the independent impact of each be elucidated. Given the increasing prevalence of obesity in the general population and the associated burden of metabolic and sleep-related disorders, the overarching goal of the current study was to determine whether poor sleep quality could adversely affect glucose metabolism. Specifically, we sought to investigate whether nonspecific fragmentation across all sleep stages, while maintaining normal sleep duration, can alter glucose metabolism in normal people. As a secondary objective, the effects of sleep fragmentation on sympathovagal balance, adrenocortical function, levels of circulating adipokines, and markers of low-grade systemic inflammation were also assessed. The focus on these secondary outcomes was motivated by the need to define intermediate mechanisms through which sleep fragmentation and poor sleep quality could alter glucose metabolism.