cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The theory of an arbitrarily perturbed bird-cage resonator, and a simple method for restoring it to full symmetry

Abstract The first-order theory of a low-pass bird-cage resonator perturbed at a single capacitor [J. Tropp, J. Magn. Reson. 82, 51 (1989)] is extended by explicit calculation to cover a low-pass bird cage perturbed arbitrarily at every reactance, provided that a first-order condition is satisfied. It is shown that the effect of arbitrary perturbation, i.e., the splitting of resonances and rotation of the polarization axes, can be exactly mimicked (in first order) by a pair of capacitors spaced by an azimuth of π 4 . This result may be extended by symmetry arguments to the high-pass and simple band-pass bird cage. A method of correcting symmetry (abolishing the splitting of the useful eigenstates) is then derived, which provides near-perfect correction by the application of two capacitors, typically spaced π 4 on the resonator azimuth. Experimental results are given for a low-pass bird-cage; and the correction procedure is verified and demonstrated in practical detail; and it is shown that the limit of the first-order theory is that the first of the two requisite correction capacitors should be within 7 or 8% of the nominal bird-cage capacitance. Practical examples of symmetry correction outside the first-order regime are also given.
Electrochemical biosensing of organophosphates using vertically aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes

Electrochemical biosensors using vertically aligned multiwalled carbon nanotube (VAMWNTs) on the substrates has been envisioned to enhance performance of the sensor. The carboxylated MWNTs were covalently attached to the silicon wafer surface using an amine linkage. MWNTs structure and functionality was characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and resonance Raman spectroscopy. The electrochemical studies of MWNTs showed the excellent electrochemical properties with an electron transfer. In addition to enhanced electron flow, impedance spectroscopy demonstrated the decrease of charge-transfer resistance measurements with the VAMWNTs. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) enzyme was immobilized on the carboxylated VAMWNTs and this nanostructure assembly was used as a sensor to detect organophosphate compounds with high sensitivity.
What Language Death and Language Planning Tell Us About MARC and RDA

The environmental and cultural factors that typically accompany language death are examined to determine if those traits are exhibited in the alleged death of MARC. In addition to measuring language prestige, usage, and change, we must also examine politics and identity. Politics impact languages as every nation creates and lives by a language policy. The role that language planning plays in creating, exacerbating, or minimizing MARC's death is examined. Through a basic review of the language death process, we identify where in the death process MARC is and what role language planning could and should play in future decision making.
Joining Dip-Pen Nanolithography and Microcontact Printing Into a Nanolithographic Process: From Engineering Design to Parallel Fabrication

One nanomanufacturing concern is the precise, controlled deposition of materials at the nanoscale, commonly referred to as nanolithography. One promising technique, dip-pen nanolithography (DPN), can deposit a multitude of organic and inorganic materials. Simple and accurate, DPN uses an atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever to deposit inks under ambient conditions. However, from a manufacturing perspective, DPN’s main drawback is its inherent serial nature. Another more promising technique is microcontact printing (μCP), which can repeatedly cover larger areas in a parallel fashion. As interest in nanomanufacturing processes increases, the demand for user-friendly, automated nanolithography processes become a priority. This paper presents a nanolithography process that begins with a design plan and ends with a manufactured product using a unique progression from design environment to serial nanolithographic technique to parallel nanolithographic technique. The process begins with the creation of a design template using conventional CAD software. The design template is then transformed into a vector signal that serves as input to the AFM used in the DPN process. A custom AFM has been designed for nanometer scale precision in three axes using real-time, digital feedback methodologies. Using the appropriate DPN ‘ink’ coated on the AFM cantilever, the design template is automatically reproduced onto the substrate, where the appropriate features are filled in with predetermined chemical functionalities. Specifically, alkanethiol chemistry is used as a resist for wet chemical etching of a gold substrate to create raised surface features which mimic the original design template. This substrate is used as a positive mask for the creation of polymeric stamps for μCP. These stamps are then used to create replicas of the original design template in a parallel fashion and qualitatively examined for their completeness and reproducibility.© 2004 ASME
Plasticity Index for Contact Between a Head and a Disk With Crater-Shaped Laser Bumps

A plasticity index formula for the contact between a flat plane and crater-shaped laser bumps is derived based on contact analysis of a circular cylinder in contact with a flat plane. The plasticity index for cylinder-on-plane contacts differs by a scale factor from that for sphere-on-plane contacts while the criterion for the deformation mode is the same for both types of contacts. For a wide range of typical head/disk interface conditions, the plasticity index for cylinder-on-plane contacts is found to be smaller than that of sphere-on-plane contacts.
Effects of grouping on the pupillary response in a short-term memory task.

Subjects heard strings of nine digits for immediate recall, either at a monotone 1/sec. rate or in groups of three digits separated by pauses. Concurrent measurements of pupil size show a steady di...
What certainty teaches

Most philosophers, including all materialists I know of, believe that I am a complex thing—a thing with parts—and that my mental life is (or is a result of) the interaction of these parts. These philosophers often believe that I am a body or a brain, and my mental life is (or is a product of) brain activity. In this paper, I develop and defend a novel argument against this view. The argument turns on certainty, that highest epistemic status that a precious few of our beliefs enjoy. For example, on the basis of introspection, I am certain that I am not in fierce pain right now. But if I am a complex thing like a body or a brain, then introspection might be a causal series of events extended in time. And any such process could go awry. So, if introspection is such a process, then I could gain good evidence that the introspective process has gone awry and that I am, contrary to appearances, feeling fierce pain right now. Therefore, the view that I am a complex thing like a body or a brain forces open the pos...
20-Epi Analogues of 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 Are Highly Potent Inducers of DRIP Coactivator Complex Binding to the Vitamin D3 Receptor

1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3(1,25(OH)2D3) plays a major role in the stimulation of bone growth, mineralization, and intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption; it also acts as a general inhibitor of cellular proliferation. Several new, clinically relevant compounds dissociate antiproliferative and calcemic activities of 1,25(OH)2D3, but the molecular basis for this has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we tested whether the potency of one class of compounds, 20-epi analogues, to induce myeloid cell differentiation, is because of direct molecular effects on vitamin D receptor (VDR). We report that two 20-epi analogues, MC1627 and MC1288, induced differentiation and transcription of p21Waf1,Cip1, a key VDR target gene involved in growth inhibition, at a concentration 100-fold lower than that of 1,25(OH)2D3. We compared this sensitivity to analogue effects on VDR interacting proteins: RXR, GRIP-1, and DRIP205, a subunit of the DRIP coactivator complex. Compared with the interaction of VDR with RXR or GRIP-1, the differentiation dose-response most closely correlated to the ligand-dependent recruitment of the DRIP coactivator complex to VDR and to the ability of the receptor to activate transcription in a cell-free system. These results provide compelling links between the efficiency of the 20-epi analogue in inducing VDR/DRIP interactions, transactivation in vitro, and its enhanced ability to induce cellular differentiation.
Sparkle: luminosity and post-girl power media

This article aims to broaden critical discussions of postfeminist culture and mediated girlhoods through attention to the visual stylistics operating at their convergence – ‘post-girl power’ film and television. Complicating Angela McRobbie's theory of postfeminism, this project analyzes the phenomenon of ‘sparkle’ in contemporary US girls' media. As well it updates Rachel Moseley's pioneering work on luminous aesthetics in teen-girl film and television, while enlarging the scope of her analysis beyond texts featuring witches. Expanding our understanding of sparkle's relationship to post-girl power media, this study also deploys queer theories of camp and femininity to offer an alternate perspective on sparkle's significance to female youth and feminism. It problematizes the binary of constraint/agency often raised in scholarship on (post)feminism by considering girls' negotiations of post-girl power discourse via their own forms of sparkly media.
Using personal computers in operating system courses

By using personal computers it is now possible to make operating system courses for computer science students as practical as compiler courses. This paper describes a course in which undergraduates use the programming language Edison to build operating systems for IBM Personal Computers.
Natural history of frequent recurrences of herpes simplex labialis

We prospectively studied all herpes simplex labialis (HSL) episodes in a group of 84 (age, 6 to 71 years) persons who previously had frequent recurrences of HSL to determine whether their recurrences of HSL were different from those of the general population. The mean +/- standard error for number of HSL outbreaks for 6 months was 2.7 +/- 0.3. Age, gender, or season did not influence the recurrence rate. The mean time to vesicle healing of 214 outbreaks was 6.4 +/- 0.2 days. Again, age or gender did not influence healing time. An episode of HSL did not elicit a refractory period to the next attack of HSL. Furthermore, the severity of the previous HSL lesion did not influence the interval to next recurrence or the location of the next lesion. In 47%, the next recurrence of HSL crossed the midline of the face, and in 45%, it moved from one lip to the other. The high recurrence frequency and multiple facial locations of HSL lesions seen in these persons differed from the general population, who report infrequent lesions of HSL at the same facial location.
Benefits and costs of improved cookstoves: assessing the implications of variability in health, forest and climate impacts.

Current attention to improved cook stoves (ICS) focuses on the “triple benefits” they provide, in improved health and time savings for households, in preservation of forests and associated ecosystem services, and in reducing emissions that contribute to global climate change. Despite the purported economic benefits of such technologies, however, progress in achieving large-scale adoption and use has been remarkably slow. This paper uses Monte Carlo simulation analysis to evaluate the claim that households will always reap positive and large benefits from the use of such technologies. Our analysis allows for better understanding of the variability in economic costs and benefits of ICS use in developing countries, which depend on unknown combinations of numerous uncertain parameters. The model results suggest that the private net benefits of ICS will sometimes be negative, and in many instances highly so. Moreover, carbon financing and social subsidies may help enhance incentives to adopt, but will not always be appropriate. The costs and benefits of these technologies are most affected by their relative fuel costs, time and fuel use efficiencies, the incidence and cost-of-illness of acute respiratory illness, and the cost of household cooking time. Combining these results with the fact that households often find these technologies to be inconvenient or culturally inappropriate leads us to understand why uptake has been disappointing. Given the current attention to the scale up of ICS, this analysis is timely and important for highlighting some of the challenges for global efforts to promote ICS.
Orthogonikleithrus leichi n. gen., n. sp. (pisces: teleostei) from the late jurassic of Germany

Orthogonikleithrus leichi n. gen and n. sp. from the Late Jurassic of Zandt, W-Germany resemblesLeptolepides in the supra- and infraorbital sensory canals and in the length of the anterior process of the maxilla, andAscalabos in the massive aspect of the premaxilla. The caudal skeleton has some similarities with that ofLeptolepides (e. g. the broadening of the neural and haemal spines of the last caudal vertebrae, length of uroneurals 1 and 2), but also with that ofAnaethalion (in the neural arches above preural centrum 1 and ural centra). According to this combination of features, the fish remains as Elopocephala incertae sedis.
A Hybrid Coherent Optical Processor

Optical data processing is one of the most powerful and versatile processing tools to emerge in recent years. Numerous texts, conferences, and special issues of journals have been devoted to its many accomplishments. There are many types of optical processors: some use non-coherent rather than a coherent light source, while others use non-holographic rather than holographic processing methods. The hybrid optical processor described in this paper can be partitioned into two sections. One is a conventional coherent optical processor while the second section is a digital minicomputer. These two sections communicate via a special purpose digital interface. With this configuration, the best features of both optical and digital processing are retained.© (1974) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Infrared Spectrum of the H3N−HCl Complex in Solid Ne, Ne/Ar, Ar, and Kr. Matrix Effects on a Strong Hydrogen-Bonded Complex

Ammonia and hydrogen chloride vapors from thermal decomposition of NH4Cl co-deposited with excess neon at 4−5 K formed the H3N−HCl complex. Strong, broad 2084 cm-1 and strong, sharp 1060.2 cm-1 absorptions are assigned to the H−Cl stretching and symmetric NH3 bending modes and weaker 2017.4 and 708.9 cm-1 bands to the overtone of the NH3 mode and the H−Cl librational fundamental of the 1:1 complex. Complementary experiments were done with neon/argon mixtures, argon, and krypton to investigate the 1:1 complex in a range of matrix environments. Vibrational assignments are supported by 15NH4Cl, ND4Cl, and 15ND4Cl isotopic substitution. The neon matrix spectrum suggests a strong hydrogen bond, slightly stronger than in the gas-phase complex, but not as strong as found in the argon and krypton matrix hosts owing to increased solvation by the more polarizable matrix atoms.
Cultivating the next generation of academics in South Africa

Abstract The academic workplace is experiencing numerous changes in South Africa and around the world, including increasing managerialism, declining governmental funding and massification of university systems. Global trends have impacted South Africa, and additional local contextual factors combine to create a situation in which the pool of prospective academics is limited, particularly with regard to individuals from diverse backgrounds, at the same time as vacancies for academic staff are expected to increase. In order to address the question of who will become the next generation of academics in South Africa, the author investigates potential barriers to developing academics through qualitative research conducted with postgraduate students, academic staff and administrators at two higher education institutions. Two central thematic categories are explored—induction into postgraduate studies and induction into the academic profession. The author posits that systematic socialization, both into postgradu...
Arthroscopy Of the Pediatric and Adolescent Patient

Arthroscopy of the pediatric and adolescent hip has seldom been performed in the past because of the complexity of surgery and concern for iatrogenic damage in the growing hip. Presently it is increasingly indicated for a number problems in the immature hip because it offers less morbidity to patients than traditional open techniques and is becoming as effective as open surgery in many cases. Hip arthroscopy is currently performed for a number of diagnoses including slipped capital femoral epiphysis, Legg-Calve-Perthes disease, and femoroacetabular impingement. As our technical understanding and long-term outcomes are refined, the ability to alter disease outcome through arthroscopy may perhaps increase.
Vanadia/titania catalysts in selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia

Abstract Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide with ammonia was investigated over both phases of titania (Anatase and Rutile). All catalysts were characterized using BET surface area measurement, X-ray diffraction, in-situ and ambient laser Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. A steady-state plug-flow reactor was used to investigate the effect of support material and catalyst loading on the catalytic activity. The activity of the catalysts supported over both anatase and rutile phases was found to go through a maximum with increasing vanadia loading. The catalysts supported over the rutile phase appeared to be more active on a unit surface area basis. At low catalyst loading levels, laser Raman spectroscopy showed the presence of polymeric vanadia surface species which are likely to be the active sites for the nitric oxide reduction reaction. For catalysts supported over the rutile phase, the presence of crystalline vanadium pentoxide did not seem to affect the catalytic activity significantly.
Where have all the cyclists gone? The case of 1970s Bangalore

It is 2012. Something unexpected happens on Facebook. An informal community that marked the urban face of Bangalore mornings during the 1970s with their colorful bicycles coalesces into a distincti...
Elevations of local leukotriene C4 levelsduring viral upper respiratory tract infections

Background One potential mechanism by which respiratory viruses trigger illness and complications is via the local elaboration of inflammatory mediators. Objective To determine whether there is an increase in local leukotriene C 4 (LTC 4 ) levels during experimental infection with influenza A virus (FLU), rhinovirus (RV), or respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods Healthy adults were intranasally inoculated with a safety-tested strain of FLU (n = 29), RV (n = 16), or RSV (n = 21). Nasal lavage samples were collected, symptoms were recorded, and expelled nasal secretions were weighed before and then daily after challenge. Lavage samples were submitted for viral culture and assayed for LTC 4 levels by radioimmunoassay. Serum antibody titers to the challenge viruses were assayed at baseline and 21 days after challenge. Results All subjects were infected as evidenced by viral shedding and/or seroconversion. Following infection, significant increases ( P 4 levels were measured for each virus. Furthermore, there was a temporal association between the local LTC 4 levels and the development of illness. Conclusions The results of this study, which used an adult experimental model, demonstrate elevations in locally produced LTC 4 during respiratory infection with FLU, RV, and RSV. Future studies using antileukotriene agents may help elucidate the precise role of leukotrienes in mediating disease expression.
Comparison of heating losses and macro thermogravimetric analysis procedures for estimating unburned carbon in combustion residues

One of the most important indices for evaluating the combustion efficiencies of boilers, as well as the commercial value of the produced fly ash, is the unburned carbon in fly ash. The most common method currently used by combustion engineers to estimate the amount of unburned carbon in fly ash is to equate it to the dry loss on ignition (LOI) value. There seems to be no reported systematic study linking LOI values with the true carbon content of ashes and combustion residues. In this study, the LOI values for 35 combustion residues were determined at 500, 750, and 950 °C, using a macro thermogravimetric analyzer. The carbon contents of the combustion residues and the residues from the LOI determinations were then measured. For the samples in this study, it was determined that temperatures of >790 °C should be used to achieve complete carbon burnoff. For low-percentage-carbon combustion residues, there is very poor agreement between the unburned carbon contents and the LOI values. This is especially true ...
A Review Of Death Penalty Caselaw: Future Directions For Program Evaluation

The death penalty has been under increasing empirical study since the United States Supreme Court decision in Furman v. Georgia. In recent years the Supreme Court has narrowed both the relevance and applicability of empirical evidence in deciding capital punishment cases. This paper reviews empirical challenges to the death penalty from the perspective of program evaluation. Recent trends in death penalty litigation suggest that the Supreme Court is simply fine-tuning the "death program," focusing on fairness of procedures and deferring the more difficult moral questions to state legislatures.
An ab initio study of excited states of the phthalocyanine magnesium complex and its cation radical

Abstract Excited states of the magnesium phthalocyanine complex [Mg(Pc)] and its cation radical are studied by ab initio configuration interaction with single substitutions (CIS), restricted open-shell CIS (ROCIS) and the extended CIS (XCIS) method. Moderately satisfactory agreement between calculated and observed transitions is obtained, and an assignment of the absorption bands of the radical species is proposed.
Conversion of linoleic acid to 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid byFlavobacterium sp. (NRRL B-14859)

A new microbial isolate,Flavobacterium sp. strain DS5, converts linoleic acid into 10-hydroxy-12(Z)-octadecenoic acid (10-HOA) with 55% yield. The product was characterized by gas chromatography (GC), GC/mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The specific optical rotation of 10-HOA is [α]D24=−5.58 (methanol). The optimum time, pH and temperature for the production of 10-HOA were 36h, 7.5 and 20–35°C, respectively. The enzyme(s) that converts linoleic acid to 10-HOA is soluble and located intracellulary in strain DS5. Two minor products, 10-methoxy-12-octade-cenoic acid and 10-keto-12-octadecenoic acid, were also identified. 10-HOA was further metabolized by strain DS5. Among the unsaturated fatty acids studied, the order of reactivity for the DS5 enzyme(s) is oleic>palmitoleic> linoleic>linolenic>γ-linolenic>myristoleic acid.
Efficient message routing in planar networks

The problem of routing messages along near-shortest paths in a distributed network without using complete routing tables is considered. It is assumed that the nodes of the network can be assigned suitable short names at the time the network is established. Two space-efficient near-shortest-path routing schemes are given for the class of planar networks. Both schemes use the separator property of planar networks in assigning the node names and performing the routings. For an n-node network, the first scheme uses $O(\log n)$-bit names and a total of $O(n^{{4 / 3}} )$ items of routing information, each $O(\log n)$ bits long, to generate routings that are only three times longer than corresponding shortest routings in worst cases. For any constant $\epsilon ,0 < \epsilon < 1/3$, the second scheme achieves the better space bound of $O(n^{1 + \epsilon } )$ items, each $O(({1 / \epsilon })\log n)$ bits long, but at the expense of $O(({1 / \epsilon })\log n)$-bit node names and a worst-case bound of 7 on the rout...
Conformation-dependent antibodies target diseases of protein misfolding

Many degenerative diseases are fundamentally associated with aging and the accumulation of misfolded proteins as amyloid fibrils. Although such diseases are associated with different proteins, they share several pathological features. These similarities might be due to underlying commonalities in the pathway of aggregation and the structures of the various aggregation products. Because protein misfolding is thought to be central to the pathological state, it is essential to be able to distinguish such pathological states from native and non-pathological states, especially in vivo or in complex mixtures. Conformation-dependent antibodies that specifically recognize misfolded proteins are proving to be useful tools for examining the mechanisms of amyloid formation and for clarifying the roles of various misfolded states in pathogenesis. The common structures and mechanisms hold promise for the development of broad-spectrum drugs and vaccines that will be effective for the treatment of many of these diseases.
Motivation and new media: an introduction to the special issue

This article provides an introduction to the theme of this special issue, “Motivation and New Media,” followed by an explanation of the motivation for the issue and a brief description of the process for selecting articles to be included. The article concludes with a brief overview of each of the articles included in this special issue.
Cryopreservation of coronary endothelium and endothelial-mediated responses.

Abstract Limited availability of functionally viable biological tissues for graft transplantation and scientific research necessitates the development of an effective storage method for preserving existing tissue samples. In this report we briefly reviewed recent attempts in the cryopreservation of coronary endothelium and endothelial-mediated vasoregulatory function. In contrast to partial preservation of vascular smooth muscle cell function, cryostorage of coronary arteries in dimethyl sulfoxide and fetal calf serum resulted in a near complete preservation of the endothelium and its vasoregulatory function. This protection was observed in both animal and human epicardial conduit coronary arteries, as well as in dog intramyocardial resistance arteries. The apparent better preservation of the latter resistance arteries, with a luminal diameter less than 50 μm, is consistent with earlier findings that cryopreservation efficacy improves with fewer and less packing of cells. To further investigate the cryopreservation of endothelial function, we cryostored canine cardiac valves and evaluated the vasorelaxant effects of valvular endothelium-derived vasoactive factors using a bioassay system. As was observed with intact coronary arteries, a near complete preservation of valvular endothelium and its production of vasoactive factors was noted following the freeze and thaw procedures. Thus, these results demonstrate that cryopreservation may provide a useful and efficient storage method for the conservation of limited supplies of biological vascular tissues for graft transplantation and scientific research.
Resuscitation characteristics and outcomes in suspected drug overdose-related out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

Introduction We sought to compare characteristics of emergency medical services-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrests resulting from suspected drug overdose with non-overdose cases and test the relationship between suspected overdose and survival to hospital discharge.
The effect of additives on the anodic behaviour of cadmium in KOH solutions

Abstract The anodic oxidation of a negative cadmium electrode was studied in an alkaline solution containing organic and inorganic additives. Potential step and List of symbols o Overpotential Ω Volume of oxide produced per coulomb of electric current σ Ionic conductivity ρ The electric charge k Boltzmann constant T Absolute temperature t Time
The enzymatic formation and chemical reactivity of quinone methides correlate with alkylphenol-induced toxicity in rat hepatocytes.

The effects of o-alkyl substituents on both the cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of phenols to p-quinone methides (QM's; 4-methylene-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-ones), and on the rates of nucleophilic additions to the 4-methylene carbon of QM's were investigated. The derivatives of 4-methylphenol studied were BHT (2,6-di-tert-butyl), BHTOH [6-tert-butyl-2-(hydroxy-tert-butyl)], BDMP (2-tert-butyl-6-methyl), BMP (2-tert-butyl), TMP (2,6-dimethyl), and DMP (2-methyl). QM formation was estimated to be in the range 0.17-0.70 nmol/(nmol of P450.min) in rat liver microsomes and 16-62 pmol/(10(6) cells.min) in isolated rat hepatocytes. QM's derived from BHT (BHT-QM), BHTOH (BHTOH-QM), BDMP (BDMP-QM), and TMP (TMP-QM) were synthesized and their rates of reaction with water and reduced glutathione (GSH) determined. BDMP-QM and TMP-QM were the most reactive, BHT-QM was consumed relatively slowly, and BHTOH-QM displayed intermediate reactivity. These variations in rate were rationalized by differences in hydrogen bonding with the carbonyl oxygen, which affects positive charge density at the site of nucleophilic attack. The loss of hepatocyte viability during incubations with BMP, BDMP, and BHTOH was preceded by GSH depletion. Pretreatment of hepatocytes with diethyl maleate exacerbated alkylphenol toxicity, and metyrapone protected the cells. These data, together with information on the formation and reactivity of QM's, strongly support the proposal that QM's mediate the toxicity of alkylated 4-methylphenols in rat hepatocytes.
Neutron diffraction study of carbonmonoxymyoglobin.

Neutron diffraction data from a crystal of carbonmonoxymyoglobin were refined by PROLSQ, a modern restrained least-squares procedure in reciprocal space, in conjunction with a solvent analysis technique, to a final R-factor of 11.3%. The ligand CO occupies two sites and its binding conformations are distorted from the linear conformation. The N epsilon atom of the distal histidine residue is deprotonated (not deuterated), and a water molecule is bound to the N delta atom of the distal histidine. The side-chain of Lys56 (D6) exists in two alternative charge-binding sites. His24 (B5) and His119 (GH1) share a hydrogen atom. His12 (A10) and His36 (C1) are deprotonated. The deprotonated imidazole ring of His12 (A10) may act as a hydrogen-bond acceptor. The heme group is planar within 0.09 A root-mean-square (r.m.s.) deviation from planarity. The solvent environments for the two propionic acid groups are different. The side-chain of Arg45 (CD3) forms hydrogen bonds with the side-chain of Asp60 (E3) and one of the two propionic acid groups. An average N-2H . . . O angle in helical regions is 147 (+/- 11) degrees. Eleven main-chain amide hydrogen atoms from hydrophobic residues do not exchange with deuterium. The overall atomic occupancy factors for the main-chain and side-chain atoms are quite uniform, at 0.97 (+/- 0.07) and 0.93 (+/- 0.10), respectively, as shown by an occupancy analysis made at the end of the refinement procedure.
A Comparative Study of Access Control Languages

In this paper, we compare three open source access control languages, XACML, JAAS and Java ACL. In addition to a conceptual analysis, we use a web-based health care system as a common application, in which controlled access is implemented through each of the languages. We compare the languages using standard software metrics, such as reusability, policy expressiveness, extensibility, error handling, and programmatic control. The results of the comparative study indicate a high degree of variance in the three languages. They can serve as a useful guide for software developers to select an access control language that best meets their requirements.
Quantitative Applications Of Acoustic Holography

The production of three-dimensional images using the techniques of optical holography is a well-established phenomena. The invention of the laser in 1962 as an intense source of monochromatic, coherent illumination precipitated much research in the use of such fields in imaging. Specifically, Dennis Gabor's approach to imaging using coherent illumination and recording the resulting interference pattern or hologram as he called it, has become a familiar technique to individuals working in the field of ootics.
Cardiomyopathy of obesity: a clinicopathologic evaluation of 43 obese patients with heart failure.

Abstract Right heart hemodynamic and endomyocardial biopsy abnormalities associated with marked obesity were characterized in 43 obese patients who presented with symptoms of congestive heart failure. Marked obesity was defined as a body mass index ≥35 kg/m2. They were compared to a group of 409 patients with similar presentations but normal body mass. Analysis of the 519 patients showed that body mass index was positively correlated with right heart pressures and cardiac output (p ≤ 0.0001), pulmonary vascular resistance index (p ≤ 0.003) and systolic blood pressure (p ≤ 0.0006). Obese patients had elevated right heart pressures, cardiac output (p ≤ 0.0001) and pulmonary vascular resistance index (p ≤ 0.02) when compared with a group of lean patients with a similar degree of cardiomyopathy. After evaluation, a significantly higher percentage of obese patients were found to have idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy compared with lean patients. A specific etiology was found in 264 (64.5%) of the 409 lean patients compared with 10 (23.3%) of the obese patients (p ≤ 0.0001). The most common finding on endomyocardial biopsy in the obese group was mild myocyte hypertrophy (67%). These data suggest that the cardiomyopathy of obesity exists and may play an important role in a population referred for the evaluation of heart failure.
Methane combustion activity of supported palladium catalysts after partial reduction

Abstract The activity of ceria-zirconia supported palladium catalysts for methane combustion has been found to be strongly dependent on the oxygen content of the PdO catalyst particles. Reaction mixture pulses of 1% methane, 4% oxygen and helium balance were injected over partially reduced catalysts obtained by chemical reduction with methane, and over completely reduced catalysts produced by thermal decomposition of the PdO phase. Catalyst activity was observed to initially increase with the degree of reduction, reaching a maximum and then decreasing continuously as the oxygen is depleted. The degree of chemical reduction is temperature dependent and, at high temperatures, CO production is associated with extraction of subsurface oxygen. Reoxidation of the completely reduced catalyst is slow and strongly inhibited, while the partially reduced catalysts reoxidize at higher rate. However, if a completely reduced layer forms on top of the oxide core, the reoxidation inhibition phenomenon is present and the reoxidation rate considerably decreases. At low temperature reaction conditions oxygen exchange from the bulk can be faster than reoxidation from the gas phase.
A conformationally constrained peptidomimetic binds to the extracellular region of HER2 protein.

Abstract Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor kinases (other members include EGFR or HER1, HER3, and HER4) that are involved in signaling cascades for cell growth and differentiation. It is well established that HER2-mediated heterodimerization has important implications in cancer. Deregulation of signaling pathways and overexpression of HER2 is known to occur in cancer cells, indicating a role of HER2 in tumorigenesis. Therefore, blocking HER2-mediated signaling has potential therapeutic value. We have designed several peptidomimetics to inhibit HER2-mediated signaling for cell growth. One of the compounds (HERP5, Arg-βNaph-Phe) exhibited antiproliferative activity with IC50 values in the micromolar-to-nanomolar range in breast cancer cell lines. Binding of fluorescently labeled HERP5 to HER2 protein was evaluated by fluorescence assay, microscopy, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Results indicated that HERP5 binds to the extracellu...
Teaching nursing delegation: An on-line case study

Abstract This study examined a delegation content-focused multimodal instructional design based on constructivism and andragogy. These new teaching strategies were offered in a professional concepts course offered on-line during the final semester before graduation of an associates of nursing program. This study found supporting evidence that this pedagogical framework is effective in delivering essential delegation concepts and skills in an on-line course and contributing to student self-efficacy related to delegation abilities.
Non-parametric passive traffic monitoring in cognitive radio networks

Passive monitoring by distributed wireless sniffers has been used to strategically capture the network traffic, as the basis of automatic network diagnosis. However, the traditional monitoring techniques fall short in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) due to the much larger number of channels to be monitored, and the secondary users' channel availability uncertainty imposed by primary user activities. To better serve CRNs, we propose a systematic passive monitoring framework for traffic collection using a limited number of sniffers in WiFi like CRNs. We jointly consider primary user activity and secondary user channel access pattern to optimize the traffic capturing strategy. In particular, we exploit a non-parametric density estimation method to learn and predict secondary users' access pattern in an online fashion, which rapidly adapts to the users' dynamic behaviors and supports accurate estimation of merged access patterns from multiple users. We also design near-optimal monitoring algorithms that maximize two levels of quality-of-monitoring goals respectively, based on the predicted channel access patterns. The simulations and experiments show that our proposed framework outperforms the existing schemes significantly.
Sylvatic plague studies. The vector efficiency of nine species of fleas compared with Xenopsylla cheopis

All fleas used in this study were collected in the field and except for Pulex irritans were cultured in the laboratory. The ten species studied were Xenopsylla cheopis, Nosopsyllus fasciatus, Orchopeas sexdentatus sexdentatus, Opisodasys-nesiotus, Megabothris abantis, Malaraeus telchinum, Diamanus montanus, Echidnophaga gallinacea, Pulex irritans and Oropsylla idahoensis . All fleas transmitted in individual feeding studies with the exception of the latter two species, which transmitted en masse . Echidnophaga gallinacea could not be fed periodically as were the other fleas because of its tick-like feeding habits. Consequently, the vector efficiency obtained for this species is not strictly comparable to that found for the other species. The transmission data obtained from individual flea feeding studies was analysed statistically to estimate the expected number of transmissions per flea of each species. These values are obtained as intervals which have a 90% probability of containing the true value. The true vector efficiency of Xenopsylla cheopis was found to be 0·660 ± 0·234 (expected transmissions per flea), that of Nosopsyllus fasciatus to be 0·213 ± 0·157, and that of Orchopeas sexdentatus sexdentatus to be 0·170 ± 0·138. Opisodasys nesiotus, Megabothris abantis, Malaraeus telchinum and Diamanus montanus transmitted very inefficiently. Experimental evidence was obtained that different strains of a species of flea may differ markedly in their biological vector capacity. In contrast to results obtained in this study, Wheeler & Douglas found Diamanus montanus to be an exceptionally good vector; in their studies it proved to be an even more efficient vector than Xenopsylla cheopis . The strain of Diamanus montanus employed by them came from an area widely separated from that in which the strain used in the present studies was originally collected. Since many blocked fleas did not transmit it is probable that the experimentally determined vector efficiencies are lower than they would be in nature, where the blocked flea has constant access to a host and hence greater opportunity to feed. Attempts to determine the number of organisms regurgitated by a blocked flea during its attempt to feed did not prove entirely satisfactory, but gave an indication that the number may be at times from 11,000 to 24,000 organisms. The technique consisted of feeding a blocked flea on the shaved abdomen of a mouse (later on the ear), then immediately doing a biopsy on the area around and including the bite wound. This biopsy material was then finely ground and plated on a sensitive bacteriological medium. Some mice upon which biopsies were performed nevertheless contracted plague and died. This must lead to the conclusion that an infective flea may deposit organisms directly into the capillaries and that the primary stage of infection resulting from a flea bite is frequently bacteraemia.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of spinal cord stimulation in treatment of failed back surgery syndrome

This article presents an analysis of the medical costs of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy in the treatment of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). We compared the medical costs of SCS therapy with an alternative regimen of surgeries and other interventions. Externally powered (external) and fully internalized (internal) SCS systems were considered separately. Clinical management models of each of the therapy alternatives were derived from the clinical literature, retrospective data sets, expert opinion, and published diagnostic and therapy protocols. No value was placed on pain relief or improvements in the quality of life that successful SCS therapy can generate. We found that by reducing the demand for medical care by FBSS patients, SCS therapy can lower medical costs. On average, given current screening and efficacy rates, SCS therapy pays for itself within 5.5 years. For those patients for whom SCS therapy is clinically efficacious, the therapy pays for itself within 2.1 years.
Myocardial infarction after taking eletriptan

We report the case of a 53-year-old male patient with a medical history signifi- cant for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, migraines with visual aura and non-obstructive coronary artery disease, who sustained a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction a few hours after taking eletriptan as abortive therapy for migraine headaches. We believe this case implies a causal association between eletriptan and myocardial infarction, considering the timing of both drug intake and symptom onset. To the best of our knowledge this is the first reported myocardial infarction attributable to eletriptan overdose in a patient without obstructive coronary artery disease.
A test of precision GPS clock synchronization

This paper describes tests of precision GPS time transfer using geodetic-quality TurboRogue receivers. The GPS data are processed with the GIPSY-OASIS II software, which simultaneously estimates the GPS satellite orbits and clocks, receiver locations and clock offsets, as well as other parameters such as Earth orientation. This GPS solution technique, which emphasizes high accuracy GPS orbit determination and observable modeling, has been shown to enable sub-1 ns time transfer at global distance scales. GPS-based monitoring of clock performance has been carried out for several years through JPL's high precision GPS global network processing. The paper discusses measurements of variations in relative clock offsets down to a level of a few tens of picoseconds. GPS-based clock frequency measurements are also presented.
High-Density Flexible Parylene-Based Multielectrode Arrays for Retinal and Spinal Cord Stimulation

Novel flexible parylene-based high-density electrode arrays have been developed for functional electrical stimulation in retinal and spinal cord applications. These electrode arrays are microfabricated according to single-metal-layer and, most recently, dual-metal-layer processes. A new heat-molding process has been implemented to conform electrode arrays to approximate the curvature of canine retinas, and chronic implantation studies have been undertaken to study the mechanical effects of parylene-based prostheses on the retina, with excellent results to date. Electrode arrays have also been implanted and tested on the spinal cords of murine models, with the ultimate goal of facilitation of locomotion after spinal cord injury; these arrays provide a higher density and better spatial control of stimulation and recording than is typically possible using traditional fine-wire electrodes. Spinal cord stimulation typically elicited three muscle responses, an early (direct), a middle (monosynaptic), and a late (polysynaptic) response, classified based on latency after stimulation. Stimulation at different rostrocaudal levels of the cord yielded markedly different muscle responses, highlighting the need for such high-density arrays.
Determination of the secondary structure of group II bulge loops using the fluorescent probe 2-aminopurine

Eleven RNA hairpins containing 2-aminopurine (2-AP) in either base-paired or single nucleotide bulge loop positions were optically melted in 1 M NaCl; and, the thermodynamic parameters ΔH°, ΔS°, ΔG°37, and TM for each hairpin were determined. Substitution of 2-AP for an A (adenosine) at a bulge position (where either the 2-AP or A is the bulge) in the stem of a hairpin, does not affect the stability of the hairpin. For group II bulge loops such as AA/U, where there is ambiguity as to which of the A residues is paired with the U, hairpins with 2-AP substituted for either the 5' or 3' position in the hairpin stem have similar stability. Fluorescent melts were performed to monitor the environment of the 2-AP. When the 2-AP was located distal to the hairpin loop on either the 5' or 3' side of the hairpin stem, the change in fluorescent intensity upon heating was indicative of an unpaired nucleotide. A database of phylogenetically determined RNA secondary structures was examined to explore the presence of naturally occurring bulge loops embedded within a hairpin stem. The distribution of bulge loops is discussed and related to the stability of hairpin structures.
Testing Huntington: Is Hispanic Immigration a Threat to American Identity?

Samuel Huntington argues that the sheer number, concentration, linguistic homogeneity, and other characteristic of Hispanic immigrants will erode the dominance of English as a nationally unifying language, weaken the country's dominant cultural values, and promote ethnic allegiances over a primary identification as an American. Testing these hypotheses with data from the U.S. Census and national and Los Angeles opinion surveys, we show that Hispanics acquire English and lose Spanish rapidly beginning with the second generation, and appear to be no more or less religious or committed to the work ethic than native-born whites. Moreover, a clear majority of Hispanics reject a purely ethnic identification and patriotism grows from one generation to the next. At present, a traditional pattern of political assimilation appears to prevail.Jack Citrin is Professor of Political Science at University of California, Berkeley (gojack@berkeley.edu). Amy Lerman is a doctoral candidate in Political Science at University of California, Berkeley (alerman@berkeley.edu). Michael Murakami is a doctoral candidate in Political Science at University of California, Berkeley (mmurakam@berkeley.edu) and Kathryn Pearson is Assistant Professor Political Science at University of Minnesota (kpearson@umn.edu).