cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract #5495: MutS homolog hMSH5: A new player in DNA double-strand break repair that promotes IR-induced apoptosis via c-Abl/p73 activation

Although an important role for hMSH5 in meiotic and mitotic DNA recombinational repair has been increasingly suggested, little is known about the function of this MutS homolog in DNA damage response. Our previous studies have revealed that hMSH5 interacts with c-Abl, and suggested that the Pro29Ser change (i.e., the hMSH5P29S variant) within the (Px)5 dipeptide repeat alters the functional interaction between hMSH5 and c-Abl. Here we show that the hMSH5 interaction with c-Abl promotes ionizing radiation (IR)-induced apoptotic response by promoting c-Abl and p73 activation, and these effects are greatly enhanced in cells expressing hMSH5P29S. Yeast two-hybrid analysis indicates that the P29S alteration increases the interaction of hMSH5P29S with c-Abl, as such correlates with the level of c-Abl autophosphorylation and p73 stabilization. The expression of hMSH5P29S also enhances the interaction between c-Abl and p73, leading to elevated IR-induced p73 tyrosine phosphorylation. Moreover, hMSH5P29S is relatively resistant to c-Abl mediated phosphorylation, thereby sustaining its interaction with c-Abl following IR exposure. One outcome of this aberrant interaction is the augmentation of IR sensitivity owing to over activation of caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. DNA damage triggered accumulation of hMSH5 and concomitant p73 stabilization depends on c-Abl, and hMSH5 RNAi reduces apoptotic response by compromising p73 stabilization. The role of hMSH5/c-Abl interplay in DNA damage response might be relatively specific to IR since cells exposed to UV irradiation show signs of hMSH5 degradation, and intriguingly it has been known that UV does no trigger c-Abl activation. In short, our results implicate a role for hMSH5 in DNA damage response involving c-Abl and p73, and suggest that mutations impairing this process could significantly affect normal cellular responses to anti-cancer treatments. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 5495.
Luminosity Determination at the Tevatron

The paper describes the approaches for the luminosity measurement at the Tevatron used by the CDF and the DO detectors in Run II.
Living with and living within: Visions of ‘environment’ in contemporary social work

Social work’s commitment to an environmental perspective has been its hallmark, the feature that has distinguished it from other helping professions. Yet the definition and utility of person-in-env...
Postoperative Management of High-Risk Resectable Head and Neck Cancer

Primary surgery is often a treatment modality used in the management of head and neck cancer. For patients with high-risk disease, surgery alone is insufficient, thus mandating a risk-adapted approach to determine which patients benefit most from the addition of adjuvant therapies. Typically, patients with advanced T stage, surgical margin involvement, perineural invasion, lymph node involvement, extracapsular spread, or bone involvement warrant the addition of postoperative radiotherapy. Randomized trials have also identified a select group of patients for whom the addition of chemotherapy concurrent with postoperative radiotherapy has been shown to improve outcomes. Specifically, patients with resected disease whose final pathology demonstrates the presence of extracapsular spread or surgical margin involvement should be treated with adjuvant, platinum-based chemoradiation. Targeted therapies in the adjuvant setting have achieved mixed success and remain under active investigation. The identification of more efficacious and less toxic adjuvant therapies is paramount to maximizing oncologic outcome and quality of life.
Collaboration Strategies Reported by Teachers Providing Assistive Technology Services

Collaboration between special educators and general education teachers is associated with academic and social success of students with disabilities who are included in the general education classro...
Polycythemia Vera Management and Challenges in the Community Health Setting

Patients with polycythemia vera (PV) experience shortened survival, increased risk of thromboembolic and hemorrhagic events, and burdensome symptoms. For all patients with PV, treatment with aspirin and hematocrit control with phlebotomy are recommended. In addition, patients with high-risk status or poor hematocrit control benefit from cytoreductive therapy with hydroxyurea, although approximately 1 in 4 patients develops resistance or intolerance. For patients who are resistant to or intolerant of hydroxyurea, studies have shown that ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase 1/2 inhibitor, provides hematocrit control, reduces spleen size, normalizes blood counts, and improves PV-related symptoms. For many patients, PV is managed in a community health setting, and it is important that community hematologists, oncologists, and internists are familiar with the contemporary management of PV to improve patient outcomes, including management for patients who present with unique health-care needs. This review provides an overview of current treatment options for patients with PV and discusses challenging circumstances encountered by community providers in the management of PV, including symptom assessment, identification of hydroxyurea resistance/intolerance, pregnancy, elective surgeries, concomitant immunosuppressants, and managing patients in areas with limited access to specialized hematologic care.
Accelerated parametric chamfer alignment using a parallel, pipelined GPU realization

Parametric chamfer alignment (PChA) is commonly employed for aligning an observed set of points with a corresponding set of reference points. PChA estimates optimal geometric transformation parameters that minimize an objective function formulated as the sum of the squared distances from each transformed observed point to its closest reference point. A distance transform enables efficient computation of the (squared) distances, and the objective function minimization is commonly performed via the Levenberg–Marquardt (LM) nonlinear least squares iterative optimization algorithm. The point-wise computations of the objective function, gradient, and Hessian approximation required for the LM iterations make PChA computationally demanding for large-scale datasets. We propose an acceleration of the PChA via a parallelized and pipelined realization that is particularly well suited for large-scale datasets and for modern GPU architectures. Specifically, we partition the observed points among the GPU blocks and decompose the expensive LM calculations in correspondence with the GPU’s single-instruction multiple-thread architecture to significantly speed up this bottleneck step for PChA on large-scale datasets. Additionally, by reordering computations, we propose a novel pipelining of the LM algorithm that offers further speedup by exploiting the low arithmetic latency of the GPU compared with its high global memory access latency. Results obtained on two different platforms for both 2D and 3D large-scale point datasets from our ongoing research demonstrate that the proposed PChA GPU implementation provides a significant speedup over its single CPU counterpart.
Stream power framework for predicting geomorphic change: The 2013 Colorado Front Range flood

Abstract The Colorado Front Range flood of September 2013 induced a diverse range of geomorphic changes along numerous stream corridors, providing an opportunity to assess responses to a large flood in a semiarid landscape. We defined six classes of geomorphic change related to peak unit stream power and valley confinement for 531 stream reaches over 226 km, spanning a gradient of channel scales and slope. Geomorphic change was generally driven by erosion of channel margins in confined reaches and by a combination of deposition and erosion in unconfined reaches. The magnitude of geomorphic change typically increased with unit stream power ( ω ), with greater responses observed in unconfined channels. Cumulative logit modeling indicated that total stream power or unit stream power, unit stream power gradient, and valley confinement are significant predictors of geomorphic response for this flood event. Based on this dataset, thresholds for geomorphic adjustment were defined. For channel slopes ω > 230 W/m 2 (16 lb/ft-s; at least 10% of the investigated sites experienced substantial channel widening) and a credible potential for avulsions, braiding, and loss of adjacent road embankments associated with ω > 480 W/m 2 (33 lb/ft-s; at least 10% of the investigated sites experienced such geomorphic change). Infrequent to numerous eroded banks were very likely with ω > 700 W/m 2 (48 lb/ft-s), with substantial channel widening or major geomorphic change shifting from credible to likely. Importantly, in reaches where there were large reductions in ω as the valley form shifted from confined to relatively unconfined, large amounts of deposition-induced, reach-scale geomorphic change occurred in some locations at relatively low ω . Additionally, alluvial channels with slopes > 3% had greater resistance to geomorphic change, likely caused by armoring by larger bed material and increased flow resistance from enhanced bedforms. Finally, we describe how these results can potentially be used by practitioners for assessing the risk of geomorphic change when evaluating current or planned conditions.
The Demise of Trig Substitutions

SummaryAfter decades of using trigonometric substitutions to compute certain types of integrals, we were led to an easy alternative to trigonometric substitutions while grading student work. These “u-square” substitutions may be the answer to every student's dream: No trigonometric functions are required (except sometimes the inverse tangent).
Multiloop Diagrams in Non-Relativistic Field Theories and the Deuteron Quadrupole Moment

A new method is developed to calculate multiloop Feynman diagrams in non-relativistic field theories. A consistent scheme for regularizing and renormalizing loop integrals is established and shown to reproduce the results of dimensional regularization (DR) and modified minimal subtraction MS^bar or DR and power divergence subtraction (PDS) up to next-to-leading order (NLO). However, significantly less effort is required to evaluate the integrals and the methods are easily generalized to higher order graphs. Thus, even the most complicated multiloop graph can be expressed in terms of analytic functions. These techniques are then used to calculate the quadrupole moment of the deuteron to three loops in the Kaplan, Savage, and Wise effective field theory. A new unfixed direct S->D wave counterterm occurs at this order and its value is determined.
Transcriptional patterns identify resource controls on the diazotroph Trichodesmium in the Atlantic and Pacific oceans

The N2-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium is intensely studied because of the control this organism exerts over the cycling of carbon and nitrogen in the low nutrient ocean gyres. Although iron (Fe) and phosphorus (P) bioavailability are thought to be major drivers of Trichodesmium distributions and activities, identifying resource controls on Trichodesmium is challenging, as Fe and P are often organically complexed and their bioavailability to a single species in a mixed community is difficult to constrain. Further, Fe and P geochemistries are linked through the activities of metalloenzymes, such as the alkaline phosphatases (APs) PhoX and PhoA, which are used by microbes to access dissolved organic P (DOP). Here we identified significant correlations between Trichodesmium-specific transcriptional patterns in the North Atlantic (NASG) and North Pacific Subtropical Gyres (NPSG) and patterns in Fe and P biogeochemistry, with the relative enrichment of Fe stress markers in the NPSG, and P stress markers in the NASG. We also observed the differential enrichment of Fe-requiring PhoX transcripts in the NASG and Fe-insensitive PhoA transcripts in the NPSG, suggesting that metalloenzyme switching may be used to mitigate Fe limitation of DOP metabolism in Trichodesmium. This trait may underpin Trichodesmium success across disparate ecosystems.
ASCHAFFENBURG: The Collection of the Bavarian Royal National Academy of Forestry Aschaffenburg Is on Its Way to Becoming a Modern Museum of Natural History

The zoological collections of the Museum of Natural Science in the city of Aschaffenburg date back to the Bavarian Royal National Academy of Forestry, which from 1807 to 1910 existed under various names. The permanent exhibition today shows an extensive section of the domestic, but also the exotic bird and mammal fauna. Of special scientific value are the entomological collections, for example, the Singer Collection. With the establishment of Aschaffenburg’s Museums Quarter, new opportunities have arisen for a new conception of these natural history collections.
Damage evolution during actuation fatigue in shape memory alloys (SPIE Best Student Paper Award)

Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are unique materials able to undergo a thermomechanically induced, reversible phase transformation. Additionally, SMA are subject to two types of fatigue, that is structural fatigue due to cyclic loading as experienced by most materials, as well as actuation fatigue due to repeated thermally induced phase transformation. The evolution of multiple material characteristics is presented over the actuation fatigue lifetime of NiTiHf actuators, including the accumulation of irrecoverable strain, the evolution of internal voids, and the evolution of the effective modulus of the actuator. The results indicate that all three of these material characteristics are clearly interconnected and careful analysis of each of these characteristics can help to understand the evolution of the others, as well as help to understand how actuation fatigue leads to ultimate failure of the actuator.
Informing the design of a food security and public health nutrition pilot intervention for clients of a community-based organization contending with urban poverty

ABSTRACTThis article examines services offered by a community-based organization (CBO) in New York City and informs the development of a multiphase public health pilot intervention targeting social...
A Novel Method to Detect Functional Subgraphs in Biomolecular Networks

A NOVEL METHOD TO DETECT FUNCTIONAL SUBGRAPHS IN BIOMOLECULAR NETWORKS Sterling Wells Thomas, Doctor of Philosophy A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University Virginia Commonwealth University, 2010 Danail Bonchev, Ph.D., Sc.D., Senior Fellow, Professor and Director of Research on Bioinformatics, Center for the Study of Biological Complexity Several biomolecular pathways governing the control of cellular processes have been discovered over the last several years. Additionally, advances resulting from combining these pathways into networks have produced new insights into the complex behaviors observed in cell function assays. Unfortunately, identification of important sub-networks, or “motifs”, in these networks has been slower in development. This study focused on identifying important network motifs and their rate of occurrence in two different biomolecular networks. The two networks evaluated for this study represented both ends of the spectrum of interaction knowledge by comparing a well defined network (apoptosis) with and poorly studied network that was early in development (autism). This study identified several motifs that could be important in governing and controlling cellular processes in healthy and diseased cells. Additionally, this study revealed an inverse relationship when comparing the occurrence rate of these motifs in apoptosis and autism.
John Muir and the Erotization of Nature

John Muir (1838–1914) wrote about nature sensuously and erotically. Born in Scotland and raised by a harsh Calvinist father in rural Wisconsin, John was sadistic to animals and suffered childhood trauma which was almost lethal. As an adult he was a leader of environmental protection, founded the Sierra Club, and is responsible for Yosemite National Park and the growth of America's national park system. The author brings to bear empathic counter-transference considerations from the development of his own erotization of nature in his effort to understand Muir. The irony of national parks is their success—nature has been humanized. Where Muir's intention was to protect the wilderness, the parks now cater to millions of people who abuse, contaminate, and destroy it.
Effect of CHK1 Inhibition on CPX-351 Cytotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo

CPX-351 is a liposomally encapsulated 5:1 molar ratio of cytarabine and daunorubicin that recently received regulatory approval for the treatment of therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes based on improved overall survival compared to standard cytarabine/daunorubicin therapy. Checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1), which is activated by DNA damage and replication stress, diminishes sensitivity to cytarabine and anthracyclines as single agents, suggesting that CHK1 inhibitors might increase the effectiveness of CPX-351. The present studies show that CPX-351 activates CHK1 as well as the S and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. Conversely, CHK1 inhibition diminishes the cell cycle effects of CPX-351. Moreover, CHK1 knockdown or addition of a CHK1 inhibitor such as MK-8776, rabusertib or prexasertib enhances CPX-351-induced apoptosis in multiple TP53-null and TP53-wildtype AML cell lines. Likewise, CHK1 inhibition increases the antiproliferative effect of CPX-351 on primary AML specimens ex vivo, offering the possibility that CPX-351 may be well suited to combine with CHK1-targeted agents.
Electrically-Active Tropical Cyclone Diurnal Pulses in the Atlantic Basin

AbstractWhile the frequency and structure of Atlantic basin tropical cyclone diurnal cooling and warming pulses have recently been explored, how often diurnal pulses are associated with deep convec...
The complex story of simple exclusion

The simple exclusion model serves as perhaps the simplest model of an interacting system of particles that still exhibits some of the complex behavior one expects from an interacting system. The aim of this expository article is to describe, for various simple exclusion models, the different types of results that are known that fall within the framework of hydrodynamic scaling limits.
Kornai goes to Kenya

Janos Kornai developed soft budget constraint logic to explain the socialist world’s dysfunctional economies. We extend his logic to explain dysfunctional land reform in the developing world. International development organizations such as the World Bank provide support for land privatization to developing-country governments, softening their budget constraints. Softer budget constraints encourage developing-country governments to pursue land privatization even when its social value is negative. Kenya’s land reform program illustrates the soft budget constraint syndrome.
Spying on the Floating Point Behavior of Existing, Unmodified Scientific Applications

Scientific (and other) applications are critically dependent on calculations done using IEEE floating point arithmetic. A number of concerns have been raised about correctness in such applications given the numerous gotchas the IEEE standard presents for developers, as well as the complexity of its implementation at the hardware and compiler levels. The standard and its implementations do provide mechanisms for analyzing floating point arithmetic as it executes, making it possible to find and track problematic operations. However, this capability is seldom used in practice. In response, we have developed FPSpy, a tool that provides this capability when operating underneath existing, unmodified x64 application binaries on Linux, including those using thread- and process-level parallelism. FPSpy can observe application behavior without any cooperation from the application or developer, and can potentially be deployed as part of a job launch process. We present the design, implementation, and performance evaluation of FPSpy. FPSpy operates conservatively, getting out of the way if the application itself begins to use any of the OS or hardware features that FPSpy depends on. Its overhead can be throttled, allowing a tradeoff between which and how many unusual events are to be captured, and the slowdown incurred by the application, with the low point providing virtually zero slowdown. We evaluated FPSpy by using it to methodically study seven widely-used applications/frameworks from a range of domains (five of which are in the NSF XSEDE top-20), as well as the NAS and PARSEC benchmark suites. All told, these comprise about 7.5 million lines of source code in a wide range of languages, and parallelism models (including OpenMP and MPI). FPSpy was able to produce trace information for all of them. The traces show that problematic floating point events occur in both the applications and the benchmarks. Analysis of the rounding behavior captured in our traces also suggests the feasibility of an approach to adding adaptive precision underneath existing, unmodified binaries.
Introduction: Thinking Through Cultural Others

This paper examines the causality of the regime change and clarifies the conditions in which the authoritarian government in Malaysia collapsed in the 14th general election. Barisan Nasionalʼs 61-year authoritarian regime necessitates the following two parts, namely: (1) populism targeting at Malay voters to retain their political loyalty, and (2) an electoral system marginalising votes of opponents such as Chinese voters, and urban voters. This paper analyses the electoral data of the 14th general election to explain the reason why these two parts did not work advantageously for Barisan Nasional. The analysis is conducted with a two-step analysis. Firstly, the author uses a regression analysis to examine the voting behaviour in Malaysia. Secondly, the process in which votes are converted into seats is examined. The findings show that in the 14th general election, while Chinese votes, and urban votes were cast to Pakatan Harapan, Malay votes, and rural votes were split between Barisan Nasional and PAS. In the 13th general election, due to the winner-take-all First-Past-The-Post electoral system, together with the allocation of electoral districts in which percentages of Malay voters exceed Chinese voters, not a few Chinese votes were marginalised as wasted votes. In the 14th general election, due to the split of the Malays, Malay votes were wasted, and Chinese votes became, on the contrary, strongly influential towards the electoral result, helping Pakatan Harapan become the majority. In addition, this paper examines differences in the voting behaviour among Malay voters and finds that the authoritarian regime of Barisan Nasional had to retain Malay votes by distributing economic merits to them. It is concluded that in the 14th general election, Barisan Nasional could not retain the political loyalty of Malay voters with its authoritarian populism, and simultaneously, it could not marginalise the influence of Chinese voters with its authoritarian electoral system. These two malfunctions of Barisan Nasional’s electoral tactics were the main causality of the regime change in Malaysia.
Association between poor tolerability of antidepressant treatment and brain functional activation in youth at risk for bipolar disorder

Objective To investigate whether poor antidepressant tolerability is associated with functional brain changes in children and adolescents of parents with bipolar I disorder (at-risk youth). Methods Seventy-three at-risk youth (ages 9-20 years old) who participated in a prospective study and had an available baseline functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scan were included. Research records were reviewed for the incidence of adverse reactions related to antidepressant exposure during follow-up. The sample was divided among at-risk youth without antidepressant exposure (n=21), at-risk youth with antidepressant exposure and no adverse reaction (n=12), at-risk youth with antidepressant-related adverse reaction (n=21), and healthy controls (n=20). The fMRI task was a continuous performance test with emotional distracters. Region-of-interest mean activation in brain areas of the fronto-limbic emotional circuit was compared among groups. Results Right amygdala activation in response to emotional distracters significantly differed among groups (F3,66 = 3.1, p = 0.03). At-risk youth with an antidepressant-related adverse reaction had the lowest amygdala activation, while at-risk youth without antidepressant exposure had the highest activation (p = 0.004). Conclusions Decreased right amygdala activation in response to emotional distracters is associated with experiencing an antidepressant-related adverse reaction in at-risk youth. Further studies to determine whether amygdala activation is a useful biomarker for antidepressant-related adverse events are needed.
A New Logic-Locking Scheme Resilient to Gate Removal Attack

Logic locking is used to protect intellectual properties and prevent integrated circuit piracy. The satisfiability (SAT)-based attack is one of the most powerful attacks against logic locking. The Anti-SAT logic-locking scheme is subject to the removal and AppSAT attacks. To address these vulnerabilities, the G-Anti-SAT block has been proposed. However, in both of these schemes, the resiliency to the SAT attack is dependent on a single product term with a large number of literals in the logic-locking function. The corresponding gates can be easily identified by analyzing the signal probability skew. Once they are removed, the logic-locking block is no longer resistant to the SAT attack. This paper proposes a new logic-locking scheme whose function has check board patterns in the corresponding K-map. Due to the unique patterns, the resistance to the SAT attack is no longer dependent on a single product term. Even if some of the gates are removed, the design is still resistant to the SAT attack.
Effects of the discount matrix on e-rate funds from 1998 to 2012

Broadband in schools has been financially supported by the e-rate program for over fifteen years in the United States. This study focuses on distribution effects of priority 2 internal connections funds from 1998 to 2012. Regressions estimate the effects of the discount matrix and effects of the National School Lunch Program (NSLP) student population on fund distribution by state. Regressions also provide per-student and per-school estimates of funds from the number of city, suburb, town, and rural students and schools per state. Treatment groups provide more detailed comparisons across the 50 states and the District of Columbia, a smaller sample of 48 states excluding New York, California, and Texas, and a quasi-experiment from FY2010. The effect of the discount rate is statistically significant, along with the number of NSLP students in the treatments. Results show that NSLP students in city locales account for a large proportion of funds directed toward New York, California, and Texas. Given these results, e-rate reformers may consider student population demographics implicit in the discount matrix to evaluate distribution of priority 2 funds. e-Rate priority 2 internal connection funds are aggregated by state for 1998-2012.Effects of discount rates are estimated.Effects of student populations are estimated.Effects of urban and rural locale of schools and students are estimated.
Applying Machine Learning Across Sites: External Validation of a Surgical Site Infection Detection Algorithm

Background Surgical complications have tremendous consequences and costs. Complication detection is important for quality improvement, but traditional manual chart review is burdensome. Automated mechanisms are needed to make this more efficient. To understand the generalizability of a machine learning algorithm between sites, automated surgical site infection (SSI) detection algorithms developed at one center were tested at another distinct center. Study design NSQIP patients had electronic health record (EHR) data extracted at one center (University of Minnesota Medical Center, Site A) over a 4-year period for model development and internal validation, and at a second center (University of California San Francisco, Site B) over a subsequent 2-year period for external validation. Models for automated NSQIP SSI detection of superficial, organ space, and total SSI within 30 days postoperatively were validated using area under the curve (AUC) scores and corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results For the 8,883 patients (Site A) and 1,473 patients (Site B), AUC scores were not statistically different for any outcome including superficial (external 0.804, internal [0.784, 0.874] AUC); organ/space (external 0.905, internal [0.867, 0.941] AUC); and total (external 0.855, internal [0.854, 0.908] AUC) SSI. False negative rates decreased with increasing case review volume and would be amenable to a strategy in which cases with low predicted probabilities of SSI could be excluded from chart review. Conclusions Our findings demonstrated that SSI detection machine learning algorithms developed at 1 site were generalizable to another institution. SSI detection models are practically applicable to accelerate and focus chart review.
How social determinants of health affect COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.

ABSTRACT: The conditions under which people live and work and how those conditions affect health are known as social determinants of health. They are impacted by disparities of wealth, opportunity, and other societal resources. This article examines how these disparities have influenced morbidity and mortality in minority people of color during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Politics of Modern Central America: Civil War, Democratization, and Underdevelopment

This book analyzes the origins and consequences of civil war in Central America. Fabrice Lehoucq argues that the inability of autocracies to reform themselves led to protest and rebellion throughout the twentieth century and that civil war triggered unexpected transitions to non-military rule by the 1990s. He explains how armed conflict led to economic stagnation and why weak states limit democratization - outcomes that unaccountable party systems have done little to change. This book also uses comparisons among Central American cases - both between them and other parts of the developing world - to shed light on core debates in comparative politics and comparative political economy. This book suggests that the most progress has been made in understanding the persistence of inequality and the nature of political market failures, while drawing lessons from the Central American cases to improve explanations of regime change and the outbreak of civil war.
Networks as the Pipes and Prisms of the Market1

This article draws an analytical distinction between two types of market uncertainty: egocentric, which refers to a focal actor’s uncertainty regarding the best way to convert a set of inputs to an output desired by a potential exchange partner, and altercentric, which denotes the uncertainty confronted by a focal actor’s exchange partners regarding the quality of the output that the focal actor brings to the market. Given this distinction, the article considers how the value of “structural holes” and market status vary with these two types of uncertainty. The article proposes that the value of structural holes increases with egocentric uncertainty, but not with altercentric uncertainty. In contrast, the value of status increases with altercentric uncertainty, but declines with egocentric uncertainty. Thus actors with networks rich in structural holes should sort into markets or market segments that are high in egocentric uncertainty; high‐status actors should sort into markets that are low in egocentric ...
Forskolin as a tool for examining adenylyl cyclase expression, regulation, and G protein signaling.

1. As initially shown by Seamon and Daly, the diterpene forskolin directly activates adenylyl cyclase (AC) and raises cyclic AMP levels in a wide variety of cell types. In this review, we discuss several aspects of forskolin action that are often unappreciated. These include the utility of labeled forskolin as a means to quantitate the number of AC molecules; results of those types of studies, coupled with efforts to increase AC expression, document that such expression stoichiometrically limits cyclic AMP formation by hormones and neurotransmitters. 2. Response to forskolin is also strongly influenced by the activation of AC by the heterotrimeric G-protein, Gs. Gs-promoted enhancement of AC activity in response to forskolin occurs not only when cells are incubated with exogenously administered agonists that activate G-protein-coupled receptors but also by agonists that can be endogenously released by cells. 3. Such agonists, which include ATP and prostaglandins, serve as autocrine/paracrine regulators of cellular levels of cyclic AMP under “basal” conditions and also in response to forskolin and to agonists that promote release of such regulators. 4. The ability of forskolin to prominently activate cyclic AMP generation has proved valuable for understanding stoichiometry of the multiple components involved in “basal” cyclic AMP formation, in enzymologic studies of AC as well as in defining responses to cyclic AMP in cells within and outside the nervous system.
Saints as the ‘Living Gospel’: Von Balthasar's Revealers of the Revealer, Rahner's Mediators of the Mediator†

The theologies of the saints of Hans Urs Von Balthasar and Karl Rahner are grounded in the theologians' distinct articulations of the relationship between nature and grace, Rahner's shaped by his response to the Nouvelle Theologie and Von Balthasar's influenced by his engagement with Henri De Lubac and Karl Barth. It is a generalization, but one useful for drawing contrasts, that for Rahner the saints are mediators of the Mediator and that for Von Balthasar they are revealers of the Revealer. While the theologies can be reconciled, a richer understanding of the function of saints can emerge by maintaining the contrasts. The symbolic capacity of saints in Rahner's thought and the saints' exemplary abandonment to personal mission in Von Balthasar's thought are each an emphasis valuable in communicating saints' instructional and efficacious presence for others in the ecclesial Body.
Mediastinal Displacement in Pneumothorax

Excerpt Roentgenological study of pneumothoraces, whether artificially induced or spontaneous, frequently reveals mediastinal displacement. This displacement may be of the superior anterior mediast...
Bone mineral status of lactating mothers of different ages

Abstract To determine the effect of age on the bone mineralization of lactating mothers, 48 healthy mothers were evaluated at 2 and 16 weeks post partum. All mothers were divided into three age groups: ≤18 years, 19 to 30 years, and >31 years old. At 2 and 16 weeks post partum, blood was drawn for measurement of serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Bone mineral content was measured by photon absorptiometry. Dietary history was also recorded. At both 2 and 16 weeks, there were no differences in the serum values or bone mineral content among the three age groups. However, there was a decrease in the bone mineral content between the 2 and 16 weeks' values in the ≤18 years age group, 1.049 ± 0.088 versus 0.895 ± 0.051 gm/cm (p
Cultural considerations in the assessment and treatment of religious and spiritual problems.

Scott Peck, a psychiatrist who has written several books on the spiritual dimensions of life, including the best-selling The Road Less Traveled, gave an invited address which drew a standing-room only audience at the 1992 Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association. He pronounced that psychiatrists are "ill-equipped" to deal with either religious/spiritual pathology or health. Continuing to neglect religious/spiritual issues, he claimed, would perpetuate the predicaments that are related to psychiatry's traditional neglect of these issues: "occasional, devastating misdiagnosis; not infrequent mistreatment; an increasingly poor reputation; inadequate research and theory; and a limitation of psychiatrists' own personal development." In recent years, there have been a number of developments that have begun to redress psychiatry's cultural insensitivity to the religious and spiritual dimensions of life. In 1990, the APA Committee on Religion and Psychiatry initiated an APA Position Statement entitled "Guidelines Regarding Possible Conflict Between Psychiatrists' Religious Commitments and Psychiatric Practice." These guidelines emphasized that "psychiatrists should maintain respect for their patient's beliefs ... and not impose their own religious, antireligious, or ideologic systems of beliefs on their patients, nor should they substitute such beliefs or ritual for accepted diagnostic concepts or therapeutic practice." These guidelines reinforce the importance of acknowledging and respecting differences in religious/spiritual beliefs between clinicians and their patients. More recently, the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education published the new "Special Requirements for Residency Training in Psychiatry," which incorporated several changes mandating instruction about gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, and religious/spiritual beliefs. Finally, the inclusion of "religious or spiritual problem" as a diagnostic category for the first time in the DSM-IV acknowledges that religious and spiritual issues can be the focus of psychiatric consultation and treatment. John McIntyre, MD, former APA President, and Harold Pincus, Director of the APA's Office of Research, observed that this new entry in DSM-IV was "a sign of the profession's growing sensitivity not only to religion but to cultural diversity generally." It is hoped that these developments will increase the accuracy of diagnostic assessments, reduce iatrogenic harm from misdiagnosis, and increase the mental health professional's respect for individual beliefs and values.
Invariant NKT Cells Are Required for Antitumor Responses Induced by Host-Versus-Graft Responses

Based on clinical observations, we have previously shown in a murine model that recipient leukocyte infusion (RLI) induces a host-versus-graft reaction in mixed bone marrow chimeras and that rejection of donor cells leads to a specific antitumor response against recipient malignancies. This response is dependent on T cells and IFN-γ. We investigated the role of NKT cells (NKTs) in this phenomenon. Depletion of recipient NK1.1 + cells led to loss of an anti-tumor effect induced by RLI in mixed bone marrow chimeras. In recipients specifically lacking host invariant NKT cells (iNKTs), RLI did not induce an antitumor effect, indicating a critical role for recipient iNKTs. Conversely, specific activation of iNKTs enhanced the anti-tumor effect induced by RLI. Following RLI, recipient iNKTs, NK cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and CD8 T cells were activated. CD8 T cells were the major producers of IFN-γ. Lack of recipient iNKTs resulted in failure of activation of NK cells and DCs by RLI. Our studies demonstrate a central role for iNKTs in promoting RLI-induced anti-tumor effects and suggest that this pathway involved promotion of the activation of recipient NK cells and DCs.
The concept of post-traumatic mood disorder and its implications for adolescent suicidal behavior

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common psychiatric disorder which is frequently comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD). It has been suggested that some or all individuals diagnosed with comorbid PTSD and MDD have a separate psychobiological condition that can be termed ''post-traumatic mood disorder'' (PTMD). The idea was based on the fact that a significant number of studies suggested that patients suffering from comorbid PTSD and MDD differed clinically and biologically from individuals with PTSD alone or MDD alone. Individuals with comorbid PTSD and MDD are characterized by greater severity of symptoms and the higher level of impairment in social and occupational functioning compared to individuals with PTSD alone or MDD alone. Neurobiological evidence supporting the concept of PTMD includes the findings from neuroendocrine challenge, cerebrospinal fluid, neuroimaging, sleep and other studies. It has been demonstrated that child abuse increases the risk for PTSD, MDD, and suicidal behavior in adolescents and adults. Many victims of childhood abuse develop comorbid PTSD and depression, i.e., they develop PTMD. PTMD is associated with suicidal behavior. The link between childhood abuse, suicidal behavior in adolescents and PTMD indicates that it is important to develop interventions to prevent PTMD in victims of child abuse; to develop measures to prevent suicidal behavior in adolescents with PTMD; and to study psychobiology of PTMD in order to develop treatments for PTMD. Priorities for intervening to reduce adolescent suicidal behavior lie with interventions focused upon the improved recognition, treatment and management of adolescents with psychiatric disorders including PTMD.
Ebstein's Anomaly:

Ebstein's anomaly, a well-recognized congenital cardiac abnormality, involves the tricuspid valve and underlying right ventricular myocardium. The two-dimensional diagnosis and hemodynamic characterization of this anomaly are so confident that cardiac catheterization is no longer necessary in the majority of cases. The varied anatomical abnormalities are discussed and illustrated and compared with other anomalies that should be differentiated from Ebstein's. The most diagnostic feature is an excessive downward displacement of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve ≥ 8 mm/m2. More importantly, in order to understand the clinical impact of Ebstein's anomaly, it is important to perform a detailed anatomical and functional echocardiographic profile. Both timing and type of surgery (i.e., repair vs replacement) can be better predicted by this type of detailed noninvasive assessment. Intraoperative and serial follow-up are a regular part of the overall role of echocardiography in the assessment of Ebstein's anomaly. A thorough echocardiographic evaluation of Ebstein's anomaly is the best means of determining a management course for an individual patient. (ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, Volume 10, November 1993)
The salivary catechol oxidase/peroxidase activities of the mosquito Anopheles albimanus

Salivary gland homogenates from adult female Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes relaxed aortic rings preconstricted with noradrenaline (NA). This relaxation is slow and is due to destruction of NA. Incubation of NA with the homogenate yielded a product with a spectrum consistent with the corresponding adrenochrome. Oxidation of NA was enhanced by a superoxide generation system and inhibited by the combined action of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Additionally, peroxidase activity on both synthetic (o-dianisidine) and biologically active (serotonin) substrates was also present in the salivary gland homogenates, this latter activity requiring hydrogen peroxide. Noradrenaline oxidation, serotonin and o-dianisidine peroxidation and vasodilation all co-elute with a heme protein of relative molecular mass 50,000, as determined by molecular sieving chromatography. Peroxidase activity was localized in the posterior (female-specific) lobes of salivary glands and was also detected in nitrocellulose membranes probed by hungry mosquitoes. Protein and peroxidase activities were significantly lower in salivary glands of mosquitoes after probing and feeding on blood. It is suggested that adult female Anopheles albimanus mosquitoes contain a salivary heme peroxidase that functions during blood finding and blood feeding by destroying hemostatically active biogenic amines released by the vertebrate host during tissue destruction.
Accelerated solution of non-linear flow problems using Chebyshev iteration polynomial-based Runge–Kutta recursions

Abstract This study concerns the application of a class of `time-iterative' methods to several different classes of problems in fluid mechanics. These new iterative methods combine ideas from multi-stage Runge–Kutta (RK) integration together with a selection of Chebyshev iteration parameters. The underlying performance of these Chebyshev parameterized Runge–Kutta (CPRK) solvers is studied for steady-state solution to a representative sampling from: (i) transport involving convection and diffusion; (ii) incompressible viscous flow governed by the Navier–Stokes equations; (iii) supercritical flume flow in shallow-water theory and (iv) compressible, viscous hypersonic gas flow with multiple reacting species. We provide numerical results to demonstrate convergence to the steady-state flow in each case and give graphs showing residual decay for the CPRK and standard RK schemes.
Senior Project: Soloflex Machine Resistance Curve Calculations

A senior interested in body building completed a project involving the analysis of a Soloflex machine. The objective of the project was to involve the senior in a research project, and to determine the resistance curve for a bench press exercise using a Soloflex Exercise machine. In completing this project, the student obtained dimensions of the components of the machine, and made appropriate calculations to determine the resistance curve. To perform an exercise, the barbell arm is attached with a pin to the loading piece. Weight straps of equal rating are placed on both sides of the load and barbell arm pins. Pushing upward on the barbell arm will stretch the weight straps which provides resistance to the motion of the barbell arm. The straps were stretched with a Tinius-Olsen machine to determine the force vs. deflection behavior for one pair each of 2.5 lbf, 5 lbf, 10 lbf, 25 lbf, and 50 lbf weight straps. Once known, these data are then used to calculate the force required at the barbell arm to perform a bench press exercise for a particular resistance or "weight." Note that several different exercises can be performed with this machine due to its versatility, but the focus here is on a simple bench press, for which the resistance curve was determined. This study was completed by a senior at the University of Memphis. Data were obtained for a number of matched weight straps, but all data are not presented here. The essential components of a senior project from project planning to project management to project completion are described.Copyright © 2006 by ASME