cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
4‐(4‐Formyl‐3‐methoxyphenoxy)‐butyric Acid (FMPB Linker)

[309964-23-6] C12H14O5 (MW 238.24) InChI = 1S/C12H14O5/c1-16-11-7-10(5-4-9(11)8-13)17-6-2-3-12(14)15/h4-5,7-8H,2-3,6H2,1H3,(H,14,15) InChIKey = RHQAFYIBBWZTOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent is used as an acid labile linker for solid phase synthesis) readily soluble in water at pH 7 and above, sparingly soluble at pH 4 and below. Soluble in organic solvents. Form Supplied in: available from AstaTech, Inc., Philadelphia, PA; Atlantic Scientific Co., Inc., Boonton, NJ; and Tyger Scientific Inc., Ewing, NJ.
Brackish Water Plankton of Mangrove Areas in Southern Florida

Scientifically, the waters of the mangrove areas of the world remain practically unexplored. In Florida there occurs one of the most extensive known mangrove areas. Mangrove trees (Avicennia nitida, Rhizophora mangle and Laguncularia racemosa) cover most of the small keys scattered throughout Florida Bay, as well as the edges of most, and the whole of many, of the Florida Keys. In addition, there is an extensive area several miles wide along the very southern tip of the peninsula proper of Florida, and another equally wide and even more extensive area along the west coast of the southern portion from Cape Romano and the Ten Thousand Islands down to Cape Sable at the southern tip of the mainland. An important portion of this mangrove consocies lies within the boundaries of the Everglades National Park. The distribution of mangroves in Florida has been described by J. H. Davis ('40, '43). The mangrove areas are broken up by more or less extensive areas of open water, called bays, lakes or sounds according to their location, size, configuration, etc. Most of the bays, lakes and sounds are connected together or to the Gulf of Mexico or the Atlantic Ocean by an intricate system of narrow creeks or wider rivers (estuaries), through which tidal currents flow. For details of the geography of the region see the accompanying map, figure 1. The authors undertook an exploratory trip through West Lake, Long Lake and
Communication-Efficient Privacy-Preserving Clustering

The ability to store vast quantities of data and the emergence of high speed networking have led to intense interest in distributed data mining. However, privacy concerns, as well as regulations, often prevent the sharing of data between multiple parties. Privacy-preserving distributed data mining allows the cooperative computation of data mining algorithms without requiring the participating organizations to reveal their individual data items to each other. This paper makes several contributions. First, we present a simple, deterministic, I/O-efficient kclustering algorithm that was designed with the goal of enabling an efficient privacy-preserving version of the algorithm. Our algorithm examines each item in the database only once and uses only sequential access to the data. Our experiments show that this algorithm produces cluster centers that are, on average, more accurate than the ones produced by the well known iterative k-means algorithm, and compares well against BIRCH. Second, we present a distributed privacy-preserving protocol for k-clustering based on our new clustering algorithm. The protocol applies to databases that are horizontally partitioned between two parties. The participants of the protocol learn only the final cluster centers on completion of the protocol. Unlike most of the earlier results in privacy-preserving clustering, our protocol does not reveal intermediate candidate cluster centers. The protocol is also efficient in terms of communication and does not depend on the size of the database. Although there have been other clustering algorithms that improve on the k-means algorithm, ours is the first for which a communication efficient cryptographic privacy-preserving protocol has been demonstrated.
Physical activity during youth sports practices

OBJECTIVE: To document physical activity (PA) during organized youth soccer and baseball/softball practices. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Community sports leagues in San Diego County, California. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred youth aged 7 to 14 years were recruited from 29 teams in 2 youth sports in middle-income cities with an approximately equal distribution across sports, sex, and age groups. Main Exposure Youth sports practices. OUTCOME MEASURES: A sample of players wore accelerometers during practices. Minutes of PA at multiple intensity levels were calculated using established cutoff points. Participants were categorized as meeting or not meeting guidelines of at least 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) during practice. RESULTS: The overall mean for MVPA was 45.1 minutes and 46.1% of practice time. Participants on soccer teams (+13.7 minutes, +10.6% of practice time), boys (+10.7 minutes, +7.8% of practice time), and those aged 7 to 10 years (+7.0 minutes, +5.8% of practice time) had significantly more MVPA than their counterparts. Participants on soccer teams spent an average of 17.0 more minutes and 15.9% more of practice time in vigorous-intensity PA than those on baseball/softball teams. Overall, 24% of participants met the 60-minute PA guideline during practice, but fewer than 10% of 11-to 14-year-olds and 2% of girl softball players met the guideline. CONCLUSIONS: Participation in organized sports does not ensure that youth meet PA recommendations on practice days. The health effects of youth sports could be improved by adopting policies that ensure participants obtain PA during practices. Language: en
History, Politics, and Economic Development in Liberia*

American and European economists who work in the least developed countries of Africa, Asia, or the Middle East sometimes come away with the feeling of having learned more than they imparted. Nor is this surprising: the minds of economists are often more receptive to development than are the exotic economies in which they now work. In considering problems of underdevelopment and processes of development we learn—inadvertently, as it were—new things about conventional fields of economics and about the developed economies of Europe and America. These feedbacks have been particularly valuable to economic historians who have given us fresh insights into European, Russian, Japanese, and American development as a direct consequence of the present concern with developing the backward countries. Economic history is now wedded to economic development.
Classification of human coronary atherosclerotic plaques with T1, T2 and Ultrashort TE MRI

Summary Multicontrast MRI with T1, T2 and Ultrashort TE (UTE) sequences is used to image atherosclerotic plaque in human coronary arteries. MRI classification of the plaques is compared with their histological classification and found to correlate extremely well. The addition of UTE MRI adds significant value to the imaging of human coronary artery plaque by MRI. Background The differentiation of atherosclerotic plaque components in the carotid arteries with MRI has been successfully demonstrated. The detection of plaque calcification by MRI, however has been challenging. In addition, few studies have evaluated the ability of MRI to characterize atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries (1). Here we use a combination of T1, T2 and ultrashort TE (UTE) MRI to evaluate atherosclerotic plaques in fixed post-mortem human coronary arteries. We hypothesized that the addition of UTE to T1and T2 weighted MRI would allow both calcified and lipid rich plaques to be accurately detected and distinguished from one another. Methods Twenty eight plaques from human donor hearts with proven coronary artery disease were imaged on 9.4T horizontal bore MRI scanner (Biospec, Bruker). The specimens were imaged with a T1W 3D FLASH sequence (250 um isotropic resolution, TR/TE 30/2.5ms), a T2W Rare sequence (slice thickness 0.4 mm, in plane resolution 0.156mm, TR/TE 3000/40ms), and an UTE sequence (200-300um resolution, TE of 20us). Plaques showing selective hypointensity on T2W MRI were classified as lipid rich. Areas of hypointesnity on the T1W images but not the UTE images were classified as calcified. After MRI, the plaques were sectioned for histological characterization with a pentachrome stain, which was used as the gold standard readout. The histological sections were digitized and co-registered with the MR images for analysis. Results Plaque classification by MRI was performed by 4 readers who were blinded to the histological plaque classification. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for the detection of plaque calcification were 100.0% and 90.0% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of MRI for the detection of lipid rich necrotic cores were 90.0%, 75.0%, respectively. Good inter-observer agreement was found for plaque classification by MRI ( = 0.7829, p<0.0001). More importantly, MRI categorization of coronary artery plaques agreed well with the histological classification (weighted =0.6945, p<0.0001). An example of a lipid-rich necrotic plaque with calcification is shown in Figure 1. A fibrocalcific coronary artery plaque is shown in Figure 2. Conclusions MRI with T1, T2 and UTE contrast is able to accurately classify atherosclerotic plaques in human coronary arteries. This underscores the need to develop techniques to image the coronary artery wall in patients in vivo.
Analysis of the Double Output Induction Generator Using Direct Three-phase Model Part II - Harmonic Analysis

This paper investigates the harmonic content of the rotor current, rotor voltage and the torque of the variable speed constant frequency double output induction generator (VSCF-DOIG). The waveforms of these variables were generated using a direct three-phase model and then analyzed numerically for their harmonic content using a Fourier series subroutine. In addition, this paper investigates the stator distortion currents that are being induced in the stator windings by the rotor current harmonics at frequencies which are not an integral multiple of the stator fundamental frequency. As a check on the analysis the calculated stator current waveform is compared with the experimental oscillogram.
Investigations of (1,3-Dimethyl-3-methylsilamethylene - disilacyclobutane) as a Single Source CVD Precursor to Silicon Carbide

The low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) of silicon carbide from (CH3)HSiCH2SiCH2 (CH3)CH2 SiH2 (CH 3) on Si(100) has been investigated between 700 and 1100°C at ca. 1.0 torr total pressure using a flow of argon as a carrier gas in a cold-wall LPCVD system. The gaseous byproducts were determined using quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) and gas chromatography - Fourier transform IR (FTIR) spectroscopy. The coating surface morphology varied from smooth to a columnar structure with increasing substrate temperature. Film composition and crystallinity were monitored as a function of deposition temperature using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and powder XRD.
Submolecular potential profiling across organic monolayers.

Potential profiles across molecular layers are constructed by means of noncontact electrically stimulated photoelectron spectroscopy, probing for the first time the molecule−substrate interface potential and resolving local screening effects across inner phenyl groups.
Network constrained clustering for gene microarray data

Many bioinformatics problems can be tackled from a fresh angle offered by the network perspective. Directly inspired by metabolic network structural studies, we propose an improved gene clustering approach for inferring gene signaling pathways. Based on the construction of co-expression networks that consists of both significantly linear and nonlinear gene associations together with controlled biological and statistical significance, we can make accurate discovery of many transitively coexpressed genes and similarly coexpressed genes. Our approach tends to group functionally related genes into a tight cluster. We illustrate our approach and compare it to the traditional clustering approaches on a retinal gene expression dataset. The clustering method has been implemented in an R package "GeneNT" that is freely available from: http://www-personal.umich.edu//sup /spl sim//zhud/gene nt.htm/.
Identification of multiple-scattering events from 3D GTD-based parametric scattering models

This paper describes the development of an algorithm for detecting multiple-scattering events in the 3D Geometric Theory of Diffraction (GTD)-based Jackson-Moses scattering model. This approach combines microlocal analysis techniques with geometric-invariant theory to estimate multiple-scattering events. After multiple-scattering returns were estimated, the algorithm employed the Generalized Radon Transform to determine the existence of multiple scattering within the measured data. The algorithm was tested on an X-band simulation of isotropic point scatterers undergoing unknown rotational motion.
AM1 COMPUTATIONAL STUDY OF CYCLOADDITION REACTION OF VINYL SULFENE GENERATED FROM THIETE 1,1-DIOXIDE

Theoretical studies of the cycloaddition reaction between vinyl sulfene, norbornene and related systems are presented. Since the parameterized AMI semiempirical method was used, the generated data are only of qualitative value. The vinyl sulfene reactivity was assessed by using frontier molecular orbital (FMO) energy gaps, bond orders, and the charge distribution of the reactants. To obtain more information, as far as the reaction outcome and its feasibility, the transition state structures and activation barriers for competitive pathways are computed.
Speed and flux sensorless field oriented control of induction motors for electric vehicles

An electric bus system has been operating in the downtown area of Chattanooga, TN. The buses use traditional hard-switched IGBT inverters driving special induction motors with a speed sensor (tachometer) and two embedded flux-sensing windings to provide rotor speed and flux information to the motor controller for implementation of high performance field oriented control (vector control). The induction motor is oil-cooled and equipped with an internal planar gear reduction. The system has experienced failures in both speed sensors and flux sensors due to their unreliable and weak EMI-immunity feature and hostile (oil-leakage) environment. A speed- and flux- sensorless induction motor drive system with a new 100 kW soft-switching inverter has been implemented to replace the existing system, targeted at the use of commercially-off-the-shelf induction motors instead of the customer-designed special motors. The project was supported under the US Department of Energy funding and local industry partnership.
Marine scavenging: The relative importance of mass transfer and reaction rates

We present an analysis of factors regulating the scavenging rate of trace elements and nutrients by settling particles in the ocean. The overall process limiting marine scavenging rates is determined by comparing the relative kinetics of dissolved phase mass transfer and particle-associated sorption rates. Measured scavenging and uptake rates of a variety of marine particle types are then compared to theoretically calculated mass transfer rate constants. Our calculations show that for most marine environments, sorption rates are much slower than external mass transfer of dissolved species. External mass transfer is therecDre not the limiting process. Particleassociated processes such as adsorption, intrapax-ticle reactions, and particle repackaging must control the overall scavenging rates observed in the ocean.
Minimum distance estimators for random coefficient autoregressive models

Abstract This paper discusses a class of minimum distance (MD) estimators for a class of pth-order random coefficient autoregressive (RCAR(p)) models. These estimators are defined via certain weighted empiricals as in Koul (1986). The class of estimators considered includes the least absolute deviation estimator and an analogue of the Hodges-Lehmann estimator. The paper contains a proof of the asymptotic normality of these estimators and a simulation study. It is observed that the RCAR(2) model with the Hodges-Lehmann type estimator fits the Canadian lynx data at least as well as with the least square estimator.
A Meta-Analytic Perspective on Sex Equity in the Classroom

This meta-analysis examines patterns of sex differences in teacher-initiated teacher–student interactions. While extensive research has examined factors that influence student evaluations of effective and ineffective teachers, this study examines whether teacher-initiated interactions with students, such as praising or blaming, vary as a function of student sex. After a careful examination of 127 empirical studies, 32 studies were retained for the meta-analysis. The studies were coded for positive, negative, and total interactions. The results suggest that teachers initiate more overall interactions and more negative interactions, but not more positive interactions, with male students than with female students.
Reducing the barrier to entry using portable apps

An increasing number of turnkey, domain specific software packages are available to help users take advantage of advanced cyber-infrastructure and resources such as TeraGrid. However, novice users of cyber-infrastructure are often overwhelmed by the complexities of using cyber-infrastructure. For instance, the user may need to install multiple software tools just to connect with advanced hardware, and successfully installing and navigating this software frequently requires the use of Command Line Interfaces (CLI) that are unfamiliar to novice users. Even when applications provide a Graphical User Interface (GUI), special software (such as an X11 server) may be required to use the interface. Installing, configuring and running this software is generally a multi-step process that can be overly confusing to novice users and presents a barrier to entry, particularly in research domains not traditionally associated with advanced computation.Scientific gateways (such as the TeraGrid Portal [1]) are one possible solution to this problem. However, not all research projects or High Performance Computing (HPC) centers have the resources necessary to provide scientific gateways. We have developed an alternative solution: a "plug and play" HPC system portal stored on a USB thumb drive. The thumb drive contains all the software necessary to connect to traditional cyber-infrastructure and all programs run directly from the thumb drive -- no installation or setup is required. To access the software from a Windows-based machine, the user simply connects the thumb drive and runs the desired programs. The current thumb drive includes all the typical software necessary to connect to an HPC resource, such as X11 [2], ssh [3], and scp [4]. Since the software is pre-installed on the drive, it can also be preconfigured with the necessary preferences required to immediately connect to the resource.This presentation will describe the development process for the "Portable Apps" [5] HPC thumb drive, including lessons learned and suggestions for adapting the paradigm for other systems. The Portable Apps drive has been successfully distributed to both expert and novice HPC users at Michigan State University (MSU) and has proved to be a popular and easy-to-use tool for accessing local and national cyber-infrastructure resources, including TeraGrid [6]. This presentation will offer specific suggestions for adapting the Portable Apps idea (such as procedures for site specific applications [7]) and developing similar outreach and educational tools for other institutions and resources.
Effect of hepatic portal glucose concentration on food intake and metabolism

To examine the effect of different hepatic portal glucose concentrations on food intake and metabolism, rats were given hepatic portal or jugular infusions (83 microliters/min for 2 h) of 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 M glucose, equiosmotic NaCl, or a mock control infusion. Food intake was decreased to the same extent by the three concentrations of glucose infused into the hepatic portal vein and unaffected by any concentration of glucose infused into the jugular vein. Parallel to the changes in food intake, hepatic glycogen content was increased by glucose infused into the hepatic portal vein but not jugular vein. Conversely, systemic plasma glucose levels were increased by glucose infused into the jugular vein but not hepatic portal vein. Plasma insulin levels increased to the same extent irrespective of the route of infusion. Food intake was unaffected by the osmolarity of glucose infused into the hepatic portal vein, but was decreased by hyperosmotic NaCl control infusions. Hyperosmotic NaCl infusions also elevated levels of circulating fat fuels, indicating a stress response. The results show that the critical metabolic event in the liver that influences food intake is only indirectly coupled to the concentration of glucose in the hepatic portal vein.
Introduction: Defining discourse synthesis

(1996). Introduction: Defining discourse synthesis. Social Epistemology: Vol. 10, Discourse Synthesis, pp. 1-25.
Underwater Explosion Energy Dissipation Near Waterborne Infrastructure

OF THESIS UNDERWATER EXPLOSION ENERGY DISSIPATION NEAR WATERBORNE INFRASTRUCTURE Underwater explosions pose a significant threat to waterborne infrastructure though destructive pressure waves that can travel significant distances through the water. However, the use of bubble screens can attenuate the peak pressure and energy flux created by explosions to safe levels. This study investigates the prediction of pressure wave characteristics based on accumulated data, the damage potential of underwater explosions based on applied loads and effective material strength, and the bubble screen parameters required to prevent damage. The results were compiled to form a procedure for the design and implementation of a bubble screen the protection of waterborne infrastructure.
Classical exegesis and social change: The song school of Yijing commentaries in late imperial China

It is widely accepted that for centuries, the civil service examinations played an important role in promoting social mobility in late imperial China. The examinations not only broke down the monopoly of the power of the aristocrats, but also created literati-bureaucrats who helped the imperial court to rule China. In this paper, I will use the Yijing commentaries to elucidate this momentous social change. Viewing these commentaries as historical documents rather than mere explanations of this Classic, I compare three major Yijing commentaries: Yichuan yizhuan of the Northern Song period (960-1127), Zhouyi daquan of the Ming period (1368-1644), and Zhouyi zhezhong of the Qing period (1644-1911). The three commentaries are chosen to highlight the three epochs in the social history of late imperial China: the rise of literati-bureaucrats during the Northern Song period; the strengthening of the state-lineage alliance during the Ming period; and the expansion of the role of the literati in the print market during the Qing period. The focus of my comparison will be the seemingly insignificant change in state orthodoxy regarding the order of Cheng Yi`s (1033-1107) and Zhu Xi`s (1130-1200) Yijing commentaries. Rather than putting Cheng Yi ahead of Zhu Xi as in the Zhouyi daquan of the Ming, the Qing editors of the Zhouyi zhezhong reversed the order by placing Zhu Xi ahead of Cheng Yi. This change from Cheng-Zhu to Zhu- Cheng, I will argue, was not only a strategic adjustment in interpreting the Yijing, but also a potent symbol of the social transformation in early Qing China.
Established Religiosity in Modern Society: Islam in Indonesia

This paper reports a test of Roofs (1976) model of secularization in a non-Christian, nonWestern context. The model predicts that education, community size, and mobility will be negatively related to localism which will be positively related to established religiosity. We studied a sample of Indonesian Muslims living on Java. Generally the data do not fit the model. Community size is negatively related to Islamic religiosity but education is positively related. Localism is a multifaceted variable complexly related to religiosity. The paper concludes with a discussion of situationalfactors that might explain thefindings.
Microstructure and Impact Toughness of HR3C Steel after Aging at 600

Microstructure and room temperature impact toughness of HR3C steel aged at 600℃ for different times were investigated by means of optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,energy dispersive spectrometer testing,X-ray diffractometer testing and impact testing.The results show that the microstructure of aged HR3C steel consisted of austenite and precipitated phases mainly including Nb(C,N)and M23C6.With the increase of aging time,the amounts of precipitated phases increased continuously,and M23C6 precipitated phase precipitated along grain boundaries,gathered and grew up into the bulk,finally connected to each other.At the beginning of aging,impact absorbed energy of the steel decreased obviously and the dimples was priority on fracture.After aging for 200 h,the decrease of impact absorbed energy became slow and the numbers of intergranular cracks on fracture increased.The intergranular fracture was main after aging for 500h.
A new Asian subgenus and species of Ischalia (Coleoptera: Ischaliidae) with an assessment of subgeneric concepts, revised world checklist, and keys to the subgenera and “blue elytra” species

A new subgenus of Ischalia, Nitidischalia, and new species, Ischalia (Nitidischalia) barclayi, is described and illustrated from Sabah, Malaysia. Subgeneric concepts are discussed and an updated world checklist of subgenera and species is presented. A revised key to the Southeast Asian Ischalia species exhibiting blue elytra is also presented, as is a key to the subgenera of Ischalia.
Tradeoffs at the Man-Machine Interface in Cybernetic Prostheses/Orthoses

Although contemporary research efforts in prostheses and ortheses have yet to have much general impact on the rehabilitation of humans with neuromuscular-skeletal defects, some research results and, to a much lesser extent, clinical applications of advanced concepts and techniques have progressed to the point where an overall codification of the field is possible. An attempt to assess the advantages and liabilities of different approaches may prove useful.
Bioarchaeology: Biological distance and historical dimensions of skeletal variation

Introduction Human remains are a central data source for documenting temporal and spatial patterning of biological relatedness. Determination of biological relatedness has traditionally been achieved via analysis of phenotypic skeletal and dental traits and their intra- and inter-population variation. Biological distance or biodistance analysis is based on the premise that the variation in morphological traits of the skeleton reflects underlying genotypic variation. Although biodistance analysis pertains largely to characterizing phenotypic variation, genotypic variation is becoming increasingly important via the study of ancient DNA (aDNA). Regardless of the type of biodistance data, the degree of relatedness presupposes that a greater frequency of shared attributes indicates closer genetic affinity than a lower frequency of shared attributes. In this regard, the orientation of the research is linked to the questions being asked about intra- and inter-population interactions, ranging from continental-scale, containing many sites, to regional-scale containing multiple sites, to single site analyses focusing on individual variation within a population (Figure 9.1). Biodistance analysis is motivated by three key interests (after Buikstra et al., 1990). First, results are important for investigation of issues relating to evolutionary history, such as genetic drift and selection, gene flow, and the influence of geography and other isolating mechanisms on biological relatedness (Conner, 1990; Droessler, 1981; Heathcote, 1994; Ossenberg, 1986; Rothhammer & Silva, 1990; Sciulli, 1990; Scott & Turner, 1997; Stojanowski & Schillaci, 2006). By understanding the degree of relatedness, it becomes possible to characterize temporal relationships in the identification of local in situ development, or migration, or some combination thereof (Konigsberg, 2006).
Diagnosis and treatment of Paget's disease of bone : A clinical practice guideline.

Paget’s disease of bone (osteitis deformans) is a benign focal disorder of accelerated skeletal remodeling. Either a single bone (monostotic) or multiple bones (polyostotic) can be affected. In patients with suspected Paget’s disease plain radiographs of the suspicious regions of the skeleton are recommended. The initial biochemical evaluation of a patient should be done using serum total ALP (alkaline phosphatase) or with the use of a more specific marker of bone formation: PINP (intact N-terminal type 1 procollagen propeptide) or CTX (cross-linked C‑telopeptide). Treatment with a bisphosphonate is recommended for most patients with active Paget’s disease who are at risk for further skeletal and extraskeletal complications. A single dose of 5 mg i.v. zoledronate as the treatment of choice in patients without contraindications is suggested. Oral bisphosphonates are less potent when compared to zoledronate. Treatment with an antiresorptive agent induces a more rapid decrease in resorption markers compared to formation marker. Measurement of total ALP or other baseline disease activity markers (e. g. CTX) at 6 to 12 weeks, when bone turnover will have shown a substantial decline, is an acceptable and cost-effective option. Maximum suppression of high bone turnover may require measurement at 6 months after administration. In patients with increased bone turnover, biochemical follow-up is recommended to be used as a more objective indicator of relapse rather than symptoms. The prolonged response after zoledronate treatment should be assessed every 1–2 years after normal bone turnover. With less potent drugs, every 6 to 12 months is appropriate.
Tightly-coupled array with tunable BW using reconfigurable FFS/superstrate

A novel way to reconfigure the bandwidth (BW) of a tightly-coupled array (TCA) is presented. This is done using a reconfigurable frequency selective surface (FSS) on top of the array. The reconfigurable FSS demonstrates a tunable narrow passband, emulating an L-C bandpass filter. The bandwidth tunability is achieved by varying the capacitance C of the FSS/“filter”. For this purpose, varactor diodes or any available commercial variable capacitor can be used. The resulting FSS-enhanced TCA is shown to achieve a tunable center-frequency range from 1GHz to 3GHz, with less than 3dB additional loss due to the FSS presence. Higher-order FSS responses, scanning performance and practical implementation issues will be discussed at the symposium.
Engineering frequency-correlated two-photon states using parametric down-conversion in integrated-optic nonlinear waveguide

We propose a scheme for generating frequency-correlated two-photon states via Spontaneous Parametric Down Conversion in periodically poled nonlinear integrated-optic waveguides. A method to differentiate such states from traditional frequency anti-correlated photon-pair sources is discussed.
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Review

Ongoing debate exists within the resting state fMRI literature over how intrinsic connectivity is altered in the autistic brain, with reports of general over-connectivity, under-connectivity, and/or a combination of both. Classifying autism using brain connectivity is complicated by the heterogeneous nature of the condition, allowing for the possibility of widely variable connectivity patterns amongst individuals with the disorder. Further differences in reported results may be attributable to the age and sex of participants included, designs of the resting state scan, and to the analysis technique used to evaluate the data. This review systematically examines the resting state fMRI autism literature to date and compares studies in an attempt to draw overall conclusions that are presently challenging. We also propose future direction for rs-fMRI use to categorize individuals with ASD, serve as a possible diagnostic tool, and best utilize data-sharing initiatives.
AdaptDB: adaptive partitioning for distributed joins

Big data analytics often involves complex join queries over two or more tables. Such join processing is expensive in a distributed setting both because large amounts of data must be read from disk, and because of data shuffling across the network. Many techniques based on data partitioning have been proposed to reduce the amount of data that must be accessed, often focusing on finding the best partitioning scheme for a particular workload, rather than adapting to changes in the workload over time.In this paper, we present AdaptDB, an adaptive storage manager for analytical database workloads in a distributed setting. It works by partitioning datasets across a cluster and incrementally refining data partitioning as queries are run. AdaptDB introduces a novel hyper-join that avoids expensive data shuffling by identifying storage blocks of the joining tables that overlap on the join attribute, and only joining those blocks. Hyper-join performs well when each block in one table overlaps with few blocks in the other table, since that will minimize the number of blocks that have to be accessed. To minimize the number of overlapping blocks for common join queries, AdaptDB users smooth repartitioning to repartition small portions of the tables on join attributes as queries run. A prototype of AdaptDB running on top of Spark improves query performance by 2--3x on TPC-H as well as real-world dataset, versus a system that employs scans and shuffle-joins.
Fundamentals of Automated EBSD

This chapter focuses on the automated determination of crystallographic orientation from electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) patterns. Early systems required an operator skilled in crystallography to manually identify features in a captured pattern in order to determine the corresponding orientation. The computer would then determine the orientation from the manually supplied data. Modern automated systems use image-processing techniques to identify the features needed to determine the crystallographic orientation from diffraction patterns without any operator intervention. This chapter describes the different procedures used in achieving automated EBSD. Image processing techniques used to enhance the diffraction patterns will be briefly described; the manual zone axis indexing technique will be discussed for historical introduction; a description of the procedure for detecting the diffraction bands with a focus on the Hough transform will be given; methods for determining orientation using diffraction bands will be detailed; issues concerning automated indexing uncertainties will be discussed; a description of the relevant structural data needed by the computer to index the patterns will be given and finally methods for calibrating a system will described. Whereas this chapter will briefly introduce alternative approaches and give some reference material where applicable, the focus will be on those techniques most familiar to the author.
Intro to informational substitutes

We propose definitions for when signals are "substitutes" and "complements". These give a characterization of equilibria of prediction markets and are relevant to the complexity of information acquisition under constraints.
ADR Techniques and the Academic Library

Alternative Dispute Resolution (including negotiation, mediation, and arbitration) can empower individuals to become invested in creating strong, mutually beneficial conflict resolutions. Recent library scholarship on conflict resolution in United States academic libraries often focuses on interpersonal relationships and the role of managers in resolving disputes, but there is a dearth of discussion about specific resolution techniques such as negotiation, mediation, or arbitration. This article introduces these three techniques, along with common obstacles and challenges.
Exertional Abdominal Pain as a Rare Presenting Manifestation of Chronic Mesenteric Ischemia from a Single Mesenteric Vessel Stenosis.

We present an atypical manifestation of chronic mesenteric ischemia in a patient with progressively worsening exertional abdominal pain. Imaging modalities revealed significant isolated stenosis of superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Successful angioplasty and stenting of SMA relieved patient's symptoms, thereby confirming the diagnosis of chronic mesenteric ischemia. Exertional abdominal pain may be a unique manifestation of this disease, but when it presents, clinicians should have acute clinical awareness of this diagnosis.
Architectures for Nanoelectronic Neural Networks: New Results

Our group is developing artificial neural networks that may be implemented using hybrid semiconductor/molecular (“CMOL”) circuits. Estimates show that such networks (“CrossNets”) may eventually exceed the mammal brain in areal density, at much higher speed and acceptable power consumption. In this report, we demonstrate that CrossNets based on simple (two-terminal) molecular devices can work well in at least two modes: as Hopfield networks with high defect tolerance, as well as simple and multilayer perceptrons.
Semisimple Modules & Rings and the Wedderburn Structure Theorem

This chapter is concerned with looking at part of a structure theory for rings. The idea of any “structure theory” of an object (in this case a ring) is to express that object in terms of simpler, better understood pieces. For example, the Wedderburn Structure Theorem says that any semisimple ring (we’ll define this later) is isomorphic to a finite product of matrix rings over division rings, each of which is simple. The theory for semisimple modules is in many ways analogous to the theory of vector spaces over a field, where we can break up vector spaces as sums of certain subspaces.
The Mineral Nutrition of Epiphytes

A recent review (Chapin 1980) of the literature on the mineral nutrition of wild plants made no reference to epiphytes. In fact, reports on mechanisms of ion procurement and use and the nutritional status of nonparasitic plants that routinely anchor in tree crowns are fairly numerous. This literature is scattered, however, and titles that emphasize morphological peculiarities or ecological implications of particular nutritional phenomena may often frustrate computer searches. This chapter surveys the literature on epiphyte nutrition and organizes that information into several subject areas. Attention is first directed to nutrient sources in tree crowns and then to trophic mutualisms, nutritional types among the epiphytes, mechanisms of nutrient acquisition and utilization, interactions with other resources during plant growth and finally, the effects of epiphytes on the overall economy of hosting forest ecosystems. Epiphytic vegetation is depicted as nutritionally heterogeneous and often specialized, occasionally to the point of uniqueness.
Estimation of nitrogen and sulfur mineralization in soils amended with crop residues contributing to nitrogen and sulfur nutrition of crops in the North Central U.S

ABSTRACTPredicting nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) mineralization of crop residues from the preceding crop might be a useful tool for forecasting soil N and S availability. Two soils from eastern North Dakota and three crop residues – corn, spring wheat, and soybean were used in an 8-week incubation study to estimate N and S mineralization from crop residues. The cumulative N and S mineralized were fit to a first-order kinetic model. Cumulative N mineralized ranged between 0.34 and 2.15 mg kg−1 and 0.45 to 3.41 mg kg−1 for the Glyndon and Fargo soils, respectively. Un-amended soils showed higher N mineralization than residue treated soils. For S, the highest mineralization occurred in un-amended Glyndon soil and in spring wheat-amended Fargo soil. This study indicates that crop residue additions can have a negative impact on plant available nutrients due to immobilization of N and S during the time when crops need the nutrients most.
Nail Cosmetics: Benefits and Pitfalls

Nail grooming and adornment is an enormous industry and an important aspect of personal grooming in our culture. Common nail salon practices include manicures, pedicures, artificial nail extensions, and enhancements. Fortunately, the majority of these visits occur without complications. Although millions of women visit nail salons and use nail cosmetics with no adverse reactions or problems, there are significant potential problems that must be recognized, diagnosed, and managed. Problems and adverse outcomes in the field of nail cosmetics are related to either the ingredients of the nail cosmetics used or the procedures, techniques and instruments used to beautify and groom fingernails and toenails.
Processing a New Hyperspectral Data Set for Target Detection and Atmospheric Compensation Algorithm Assessment: The RIT2017 Data Set

This paper introduces a new and challenging hyperspectral data set to the remote sensing community called the “RIT2017 Data Set” which can be used for the assessment of target detection algorithms. This data set encompasses 90 targets in a background of up to 8 million pixels (or less if sub-setting). The same data set can also be used for atmospheric compensation studies for it has identical sets of large panels in both the sun and full shadow. This paper briefly introduces the data collection campaign, the target objects, and addresses the radiometric fidelity of the imaging spectrometer data, which showed very good results. Lastly, the data is atmospherically compensated using an in-scene technique, which also showed fairly good results.
Suburban status and neighbourhood change

This article examines suburban neighbourhood trajectories from 1970 to 2010 in the 100 most populous metropolitan areas in the US within the context of discussions around suburban decline and reinv...
Motivational Readiness to Change Exercise Behaviors: An Analysis of the Differences in Exercise, Wearable Exercise Tracking Technology, and Exercise Frequency, Intensity, and Time (FIT) Values and BMI Scores in University Students.

Background: Research indicates that increased exercise behaviors collectively called FIT (frequency, intensity, and time) values, equate with positive health outcomes. Young college adults often ga...
Context may reveal how you feel.

Face perception is a fundamental component of our cognitive system and, arguably, a core ability that allowed humans to create the large, advanced societies of today. When we look at someone else’s face, we recognize who they are, whether they are female or male, attractive or unattractive, and happy or sad; that is, their affective state. Correctly interpreting these signals is essential for a functional, cooperative society. For example, when looking at the faces in Fig. 1, most people identify a female expressing sadness on the left and an angry male on the right. But while identity and other attributes are recognized quite accurately (1), affect is not (2). To see this, look at the images in Fig. 2 A and B . What expressions would you now say these two individuals express? Most of us classify them as expressing excitement or euphoria; that is, positive emotions. What is behind this radical change in our interpretation of these images? Context. Our interpretation of a facial configuration is dependent on the context in which the facial expression is situated. In an ambitious new study in PNAS, Chen and Whitney (3) show that people make reasonably good predictions of people’s affect when only the contextual information is known; that is, when the face is not observable (Fig. 2 C ). This inference is shown to be accurate, even when the whole body of the person is masked (Fig. 2 D ), thus preventing an inference based on body pose. Context, therefore, is not only necessary for a correct interpretation of how others feel but, in some instances, it is sufficient. This surprising result will provide renewed interest in the value that context plays in our interpretation of how others feel. Fig. 1. When asked to identify the emotions shown in these images, most people agree that the left … [↵][1]1Email: martinez.158{at}osu.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
White Allyship of Afro-Diasporic Women in the Workplace: A Transformative Strategy for Organizational Change:

Given the underrepresentation of Afro-Diasporic women in senior leadership roles, this conceptual article points to the transformative potential of antiracist, feminist White allyship to serve as a...
Influence of Surface Charges on Four-Point-Probe Resistivity Measurement for N-Type Silicon Epitaxial Wafers

For certain n-type silicon epitaxial (epi) wafers, it was observed that the resistivity measured by four-point-probe (4PP) method was increased after a couple of weeks and by more than 10% higher resistivity when compared with that of as-grown epi films. After investigating silicon epi layers with various resistivities and thicknesses, we found that surface negative charges present in native oxides grown on surfaces of n-type epi layers induced a depletion layer, which influenced on 4PP measurement.
Authenticity and the authentication of heritage: dialogical perceptiveness

ABSTRACTThe dialogue on authenticity continues to evolve across different temporalities and disciplines. This editorial for the special issue summarizes contemporary progress made by scholars of he...
Adoption of enhanced recovery after laparotomy in gynecologic oncology.

Introduction Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways combine a comprehensive set of peri-operative practices that have been demonstrated to hasten patient post-operative recovery. We aimed to evaluate the adoption of ERAS components and assess attitudes towards ERAS among gynecologic oncologists. Methods We developed and administered a cross-sectional survey of attending, fellow, and resident physicians who were members of the Society of Gynecologic Oncology in January 2018. The χ2 test was used to compare adherence to individual components of ERAS. Results There was a 23% survey response rate and we analyzed 289 responses: 79% were attending physicians, 57% were from academic institutions, and 64% were from institutions with an established ERAS pathway. Respondents from ERAS institutions were significantly more likely to adhere to recommendations regarding pre-operative fasting for liquids (ERAS 51%, non-ERAS 28%; p Discussion Practicing at an institution with an ERAS pathway increased adoption of many ERAS elements; however, adherence to certain guidelines remains highly variable. Use of bowel preparation, nasogastric tubes, and peritoneal drainage catheters remain common. Future work should identify barriers to the implementation of ERAS and its components.
Residual Offset in Silicon Hall-Effect Sensor: Analytical Formula, Stress Effects, and Implications for Octagonal Hall Plate Geometry

The Hall-effect magnetic sensors suffer from large offset that is described by the resistance mismatch in the Wheatstone bridge-like equivalent electrical circuit model of the Hall plate. After a first order cancellation of the raw offset using spinning current technique, a residual offset still exists, significantly limiting the accuracy of the Hall sensor in the detection of low magnetic field. In this paper we analyzed the residual offset in silicon Hall sensor using a nonlinear lumped resistor network model to derive a closed form expression. We further analyzed the residual offset in silicon Hall sensor under the influence of stress. Using these results, we show that eight-terminal, octagonal-shaped silicon Hall sensors employing eight-phase spinning current technique provide greater immunity to stress effects on residual offset due to a second order cancellation compared to the conventional four-phase spinning. The measurement results suggest superior offset performance of eight-terminal silicon Hall sensor.