cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transplantation for Myeloma - Now or Later?

The outlook for patients with multiple myeloma has improved dramatically during the past two decades. The median overall survival is now more than 6 years, as compared with an overall survival of 3 to 4 years during the era of treatment with alkylating agents and anthracyclines.1 This progress resulted from the introduction of new classes of agents (immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and more recently, monoclonal antibodies) and the intensification of therapy with autologous stem-cell transplantation, as well as incremental improvements that are attributable to refinements of drugs within these same therapeutic classes. Following the pioneering efforts of Dr. Bart Barlogie, . . .
Effect of Preoperative Diabetes Management on Glycemic Control and Clinical Outcomes After Elective Surgery.

Objective:The aim of this study was to evaluate whether preoperative diabetes management can improve glycemic control and clinical outcomes after elective surgery.Background:There is lack of data on the importance of diabetes treatment before elective surgery. Diabetes is often ignored before surger
Quadrupolar quantum criticality on a fractal

We study the ground state ordering of quadrupolar ordered $S=1$ magnets as a function of spin dilution probability $p$ on the triangular lattice. In sharp contrast to the ordering of $S=1/2$ dipolar N\'eel magnets on percolating clusters, we find that the quadrupolar magnets are quantum disordered at the percolation threshold, $p={p}^{*}$. Further we find that long-range quadrupolar order is present for all $pl{p}^{*}$ and vanishes first exactly at ${p}^{*}$. Strong evidence for scaling behavior close to ${p}^{*}$ points to an unusual quantum criticality without fine tuning that arises from an interplay of quantum fluctuations and randomness.
Is it painful to be different? Sciatic nerve anatomical variants on MRI and their relationship to piriformis syndrome.

To investigate the purported relationship between sciatic nerve variant anatomy and piriformis syndrome. Over 49 months, 1039 consecutive noncontrast adult hip MRIs were completed for various clinical indications. Repeat and technically insufficient studies were excluded. Radiologists categorized sciatic nerve anatomy into Beaton and Anson anatomical types. Chart review using our institution’s cohort search and navigation tool determined the prevalence of the explicit clinical diagnosis of piriformis syndrome (primary endpoint) and sciatica and buttock pain (secondary endpoints). A Z-test compared the prevalence of each diagnosis in the variant anatomy and normal groups. Seven hundred eighty-three studies were included, with sciatic nerve variants present in 150 hips (19.2%). None of the diagnoses had a statistically significant difference in prevalence between the variant and normal hip groups. Specifically, piriformis syndrome was present in 11.3% of variant hips compared with 9.0% of normal hips (p = 0.39). There were no significant differences in the prevalence of piriformis syndrome, buttock pain, or sciatica between normal and variant sciatic nerve anatomy. This large-scale correlative radiologic study into the relationship between sciatic nerve variants and piriformis syndrome calls into question this purported relationship. • Large retrospective study relating variant sciatic nerve anatomy, present in 19.2% of hip MRIs, and piriformis syndrome • While sciatic nerve variant anatomy has previously been implicated in piriformis syndrome in small studies, no relationship was identified between sciatic nerve variants and piriformis syndrome
Paid paternity leave-taking in the United States

Surprisingly few studies have focused on paternity leave-taking in the U.S. This study utilizes data from three national datasets to provide a comprehensive examination of the attitudes, practices, and predictors of paid paternity leave-taking in the U.S. Specifically, this study focuses on (a) describing attitudes towards fathers receiving a share of paid parental leave, (b) describing rates and lengths of paid paternity leave-taking, and (c) analyzing the extent to which economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, and father identities predict paternity leave-taking practices. The results indicate that most people support fathers receiving a share of paid parental leave in the U.S. Yet, rates of paid paternity leave-taking are relatively low and the majority of fathers who take paid leave take only one week or less. Economic capital, cultural capital, social capital, and father identities that prioritize engaged fathering are positively associated with taking paid leave and taking longer periods of leave. Overall, the results emphasize that the current structure of U.S. paternity leave policies seems to limit access to paid paternity leave and contribute to patterns of inequality due to more advantaged fathers having greater access and ability to take paid paternity leave than less advantaged fathers.
Dissociating Language and Thought in Human Reasoning

Does language shape human cognition? One aspect of this debate concerns whether the combinatorial operations of natural language also serve, supramodally, as a basis for the combinatorial operations of other domains of human thought such as mathematics, music, cognition, and theory of mind, among others. In the context of human reasoning, a growing body of research has generated two opposing views concerning the role of language in enabling deductive inference-making. Under the first, the structure-dependent operations required for deductive reasoning are linguistic in nature and thus based on the neural mechanisms of natural language. Under the second, deductive reasoning is supported by language independent processes principally implemented in frontomedial and left frontopolar cortices (in Brodmann areas [BA] 8 and 10, respectively). We tested the two competing views using continuous Theta Burst Stimulation (cTBS), an inhibitory neuromodulation approach. Here, we report a neural dissociation between the structure-dependent operations of natural language and those of deductive reasoning. Specifically, we found that transient cTBS inhibition of Brocas area, in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), a region often associated with processing the hierarchical dependencies of natural language, impairs accuracy for linguistic problems but not for logic ones. Conversely, cTBS to frontomedial cortices produces the opposite pattern. Our results demonstrate that, in the adult brain, the structure-dependent operations of reasoning are not parasitic to the neural substrate of natural language.
Cytosolic glucocerebrosidase impairs alpha-synuclein degradation by blockade of chaperone-mediated autophagy (P3.050)

Objective: To study how mutant glucocereborsidase (GCase) protein could interfere with chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA), leading to impaired lysosomal α-synuclein degradation. Background: CMA is an important pathway for lysosomal α-synuclein degradation but how mutant GCase protein could interfere with CMA remains unexplored. Design/Methods: We studied CMA function and lysosomal α-synuclein degradation in multiple model systems: heterologous cells expressing mutant GCase, human fibroblasts with GBA1 mutations, human dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with GBA1 mutations, knock-in mice with heterozygous GBA1 mutations, and postmortem Parkinson’s disease (PD) patient brains with GBA1 mutations. We also used in vitro isolated lysosomes to study how mutant GCase could interfere with the interaction between α-synuclein and the CMA machinery on the lysosomal membrane. Results: Normally, GCase traffics via the secretory system from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the lysosomal lumen; however, we find that unfolded mutant GCase protein reach the cytosol and can be targeted to the lysosomes for degradation via CMA. Cytosolic GCase binds the CMA lysosomal receptor but is poorly translocated into the lysosomes, and so blocks degradation of α-synuclein by CMA. Conclusions: The nominally lysosomal enzyme, GCase, can act in common with cytosolic PD proteins to block CMA, indicating how mutations of proteins without common physiological function converge in PD pathogenesis. Study Supported by: NINDS K08NS083738 Disclosure: Dr. Kuo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tasset has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cuervo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Sulzer has nothing to disclose.
Photoinitiated Radical Reactions of l-(4′-Pyridyl)-4-Pyridone and its N-Protio and N-Methyl Derivatives. Dimerization and Polymerization Reactions

1-(4′-Pyridyl)-4-pyridone (1) was prepared from 4-pyridone and acetic anhydride by the method of Arndt and Kalischek1. When 1 is irradiated at 300 nm in deaerated solutions of 1° or 2° alcohols in the cavity of an ESR spectrometer, an intense blue radical forms immediately. Emission and quenching studies indicate that this radical forms through an S(π, π*) state of 1. Further studies revealed that the blue radical is identical with the alkylviologen cation radical. The presence of water in these reaction mixtures results in the formation of a dimer product determined to be a salt of 11,12-di(4-pyridyl)-11, 12-diazatricyclo[5.3.112,6 ] dodecane-4,9-dione.2;3 Viologen forms by a very rapid 4,4’ coupling-elimination reaction of the radical form of 1, while the dimer results from a head-to-tail dimerization of two molecules, very likely with an aziridine structure, solvated by water molecules. Cyclic voltammetry shows that 1 undergoes irreversible reduction at -1.2V and immediately converts to viologen after one cycle with the related reversible cyclic voltammagram. Irradiation of 1 with chloropyridine in 2-propanol yields a polypyridine that has different physical properties than the polypyridine obtained from the thermal polymerization of chloropyridine alone. A precipitate forms which was shown to be a radical which when dissolved in water undergoes a series of spontaneous color changes.
VAP-1 Blockade Prevents Subarachnoid Hemorrhage-associated Cerebrovascular Dilating Dysfunction via Repression of a Neutrophil Recruitment–Related Mechanism

Our previous findings indicated that in rats subjected to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), suppression of post-SAH neuroinflammation via vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) blockade provides signific...
Opportunities, Devices, and Instruments

What features of the design of an observational study affect its ability to distinguish a treatment effect from bias due to an unmeasured covariate uij? This topic, which is the focus of Part III of the book, is sketched in informal terms in the current chapter. An opportunity is an unusual setting in which there is less confounding with unobserved covariates than occurs in common settings. One opportunity may be the base on which one or more natural experiments are built. A device is information collected in an effort to disambiguate an association that might otherwise be thought to reflect either an effect or a bias. Typical devices include: multiple control groups, outcomes thought to be unaffected by the treatment, coherence among several outcomes, and varied doses of treatment. An instrument is a relatively haphazard nudge towards acceptance of treatment where the nudge itself can affect the outcome only if it prompts acceptance of the treatment. Although competing theories structure design, opportunities, devices, and instruments are ingredients from which designs are built.
Accelerating expertise: Perceptual and adaptive learning technology in medical learning.

Rationale: Recent advances in the learning sciences offer remarkable potential for improving medical learning and performance. Difficult to teach pattern recognition skills can be systematically ac...
Balancing of Turbomolecular Pumps: Modal Balancing Approach and Experimental Results

Customer requests in terms of noise and vibration are becoming very challenging in most high-speed rotor applications. In turbomolecular pumps the main source of noise is the vibration due to rotor unbalance that is transmitted to the pump’s body through the bearings. Additionally, turbomolecular pumps may present several critical speeds that amplify the unbalance response and the generated acoustic noise. Therefore, a very accurate balancing process is required for the entire speed range of the pump.
Affordable Care Act and Disparities in Health Services Utilization among Ethnic Minority Breast Cancer Survivors: Evidence from Longitudinal Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys 2008–2015

Breast cancer is the most prevalent female cancer in the US. Incidence rates are similar for white and black women but mortality rates are higher for black women. This study draws on rich, nationally representative data, the 2008–2015 Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys, to estimate effects of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on reducing disparities in and access to use of diagnostic and medical services for black and Hispanic breast cancer survivors. Random effects multinomial logit, flexible hurdle and Box-Cox estimation techniques are used. The robust estimates indicate that the ACA narrowed the racial/ethnic disparity in health insurance coverage, health care utilization and out-of-pocket prescription drug expenditures among breast cancer survivors. Gaps in uninsurance significantly declined for black and Hispanic survivors. Hispanic women generally and black breast cancer survivors specifically increased use of mammography services post-ACA. The ACA did not significantly impact disparities in physician utilization or out-of-pocket prescription drug expenditures for Hispanic survivors, while there were substantive improvements for black breast cancer survivors. The paper concludes with a discussion of the strengths and limitations of the ACA for reducing disparities and improving health outcomes for a growing population of breast cancer survivors in the US.
In Vitro Validation of 4D Flow MRI for Local Pulse Wave Velocity Estimation.

Arterial stiffness has predictive value for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Local artery stiffness can provide insight on CVD pathology and may be useful for diagnosis and prognosis. However, current methods are invasive, require real-time expertise for measurement, or are limited by arterial region. 4D Flow MRI can non-invasively measure local stiffness by estimating local pulse wave velocity (PWV). This technique can be applied to vascular regions, previously accessible only by invasive stiffness measurement methods. MRI PWV data can also be analyzed post-exam. However, 4D Flow MRI requires validation before it is used in vivo to measure local PWV. PWV, calculated from 4D Flow MRI and a benchtop experiment, was compared with petersons elastic modulus (PEM) of in vitro models. PEM was calculated using high-speed camera images and pressure transducers. Three transit-time algorithms were analyzed for PWV measurement accuracy and precision. PWV from 4D Flow MRI and reference benchtop experiments show strong correlation with PEM (R2 = 0.99). The cross correlation transit-time algorithm showed the lowest percent difference between 4D Flow MRI and benchtop experiments (4–7%), and the point to point of 50% upstroke algorithm had the highest transit-time vs. distance data average R2 (0.845). 4D Flow MRI is a feasible method for estimating local PWV in simple in vitro models and is a viable tool for clinical analysis. In addition, choice in transit-time algorithm depends on flow waveform shape and arterial region. This study strengthens the validity of 4D Flow MRI local PWV measurement in simple models. However, this technique requires validation in more complex models before it is used in vivo.
MR Imaging of the Musculoskeletal System Using Ultrahigh Field (7T) MR Imaging.

MR imaging is an indispensable instrument for the diagnosis of musculoskeletal diseases. In vivo MR imaging at 7T offers many advantages, including increased signal-to-noise ratio, higher spatial resolution, improved spectral resolution for spectroscopy, improved sensitivity for X-nucleus imaging, and decreased image acquisition times. There are also however technical challenges of imaging at a higher field strength compared with 1.5 and 3T MR imaging systems. We discuss the many potential opportunities as well as the challenges presented by 7T MR imaging systems and highlight recent developments in in vivo research imaging of musculoskeletal applications in general and cartilage, skeletal muscle, and bone in particular.
Direct Measurements of Carrier Transport in Polycrystalline Methylammonium Lead Iodide Perovskite Films with Transient Grating Spectroscopy

Hybrid organic–inorganic halide perovskites have been proposed in many optoelectronic applications, but critical to their increasing functionality and utility is understanding and controlling carri...
Preoperative Evaluation and Techniques of Colectomy and Ileal Pouch Surgery

Abstract The ileoanal pouch is the cornerstone of intestinal reconstruction after proctocolectomy in patients with ulcerative colitis, familial adenomatous polyposis, and selected other diseases of the colorectum. With successful surgery, patients are able to avoid a conventional lifelong ileostomy and maintain a satisfying quality of life with acceptable bowel function. Complications during surgery or convalescence, however, may affect function of the ileoanal pouch and require pouch revision or even excision, if quality of life is significantly compromised. Selecting patients suitable for the ileoanal pouch procedure and properly performing the technical aspects of the surgery are two challenging feats that have a direct impact on outcomes and quality of life in this population. This section focuses on strategies to evaluate and select the correct patient for the ileoanal pouch procedure, and how to surgically optimize a patient that has been selected as an appropriate candidate. In addition, proper surgical technique of proctocolectomy with ileal pouch reconstruction is discussed.
Pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders

Research on the optimal pharmacotherapy for people with schizophrenia and co-occurring substance use disorders remains in its infancy. This report reviews existing data and provides an update on recent research. The confluence of findings is consistent with a model of a reward dysfunction inherent in the neuropathology of schizophrenia, leading to a heightened vulnerability of people with schizophrenia to substance use disorders. Studies indicate that patients with dual disorders have difficulty tolerating conventional antipsychotics, have higher rates of medication nonadherence, and have greater impulsivity and sensation seeking. Limited evidence suggests that clozapine treatment may be associated with reduced substance abuse, with weaker evidence suggesting that other novel antipsychotics may have similar, but potentially less potent, effects. Controlled trials to test the effects of these medications are underway. A number of recent studies indicate that bupropion can facilitate reduced tobacco smoking among patients with schizophrenia. The preferential use of novel antipsychotics, a lower threshold for prescription of clozapine, the use of bupropion for smoking cessation, careful monitoring of compliance, and possible use of other medications for substance use disorders when indicated are recommended in pharmacologic management for people with co-occurring substance use disorders and schizophrenia.
Genetic risk scores demonstrate the cumulative association of single nucleotide polymorphisms in gut microbiome-related genes with obesity phenotypes in preschool age children

BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a nutrition-related disease with multiple underlying aetiologies. While genetic factors contribute to obesity, the gut microbiome is also implicated through fermentation of nondigestible polysaccharides to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which provide some energy to the host and are postulated to act as signalling molecules to affect expression of gut hormones. OBJECTIVE To study the cumulative association of causal, regulatory, and tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in SCFA recognition and metabolism with obesity. DESIGN Study participants were non-Hispanic White (NHW, n = 270) and non-Hispanic Black (NHB, n = 113) children (2-5 years) from the Synergistic Theory and Research on Obesity and Nutrition Group (STRONG) Kids 1 Study. SNP variables were assigned values according to the additive, dominant, or recessive inheritance models. Weighted genetic risk scores (GRS) were constructed by multiplying the reassigned values by independently generated β-coefficients or by summing the β-coefficients. Ethnicity-specific SNPs were selected for inclusion in GRS by cohort. RESULTS GRS were directly associated with body mass index (BMI) z-score. The models explained 3.75%, 12.9%, and 26.7% of the variance for NHW/NHB, NHW, and NHB (β = 0.89 [CI: 0.43-1.35], P = 0.0002; β = 0.78 [CI: 0.54-1.03], P < 0.0001; β = 0.74 [CI: 0.51-0.97], P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This analysis supports the cumulative association of several candidate genetic variants selected for their role in SCFA signalling, transport, and metabolism with early-onset obesity. These data strengthen the concept that microbiome influences obesity development through host genes interacting with SCFA.
Defining Female Self Sexualization for the Twenty-First Century

In Western society sex appeal has become greatly valued and young women actively and publically expose their sexualities in a variety of ways. Those women who embrace and participate in the hyper-sexualized cultural trend are called self-sexualizers. Despite the growing number of empirical studies related to self-sexualization, there is lack of consensus around a definition of self-sexualization among researchers. The concept of self-sexualization needs to be clarified and explained. The primary purpose of this examination is to address the self-sexualizing phenomenon and to define self-sexualization by building upon previous researchers’ approaches. In this research, self-sexualization is defined as the voluntary imposition of sexualization to the self. We adapted the four aspects of sexualization presented in a task force report issued by the American Psychological Association in 2007 to propose the four conditions of self-sexualization. (1) The first condition of self-sexualization is favoring sexual self-objectification. (2) The second condition is relating sexual desirability to self-esteem. (3) The third condition is equating physical attractiveness with being sexy. (4) The last condition is contextualizing sexual boundaries. Description of each condition and related concepts are discussed.
Partition of supercritical n-pentane into SE-54 and SE-30 stationary phases in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography

The mass spectrometric tracer pulse (MSTP) chromatography method was used to measure the amount of supercritical n-pentane dissolved or adsorbed into SE-54 and SE-30 capillary columns. Partition data were measured above the critical point of n-pentane at temperatures from 200 ° to 300 °C and pressures between 35.04 and 54.42 atm. The data obtained provide evidence for mobile fluid solubility or adsorption into the stationary phase under the conditions of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). At 220 °C, solubility and/or adsorption of supercritical n-pentane decreases by increasing the pressure and reaches a minimum at approximately 45.00 atm. The effect of mobile-fluid pressure on its solubility or adsorption becomes limited at temperatures over 260 °C. This study demonstrates the unique experimental capabilities of the MSTPC method for quantitative measurement of the physico-chemical interaction of the complex multicomponent system encountered in SFC which is not possible by any other technique. An innovative instrumental design for modification of GC/MS systems for SFC, GC/MS operation is also described.
Isolation and quantification of human urinary exosomes by hydrophobic interaction chromatography on a polyester capillary-channeled polymer fiber stationary phase.

Exosomes are vesicles secreted by cells having a size range from 30 to 150 nm and carrying genetic materials that are important for intercellular functions, including cancer progression. Mounting evidence shows that tumor cells secrete more exosomes than normal cells. Thus, it is important to be able to efficiently isolate and quantify exosomes for potential use in clinical diagnostics, as well as to develop a deeper understanding of their role in intercellular processes. Current methods for exosome isolation and quantification are time-consuming and expensive. Few of these methods are able to combine exosome isolation and quantification into a singular operation scheme. However, a new efficient, rapid, and low-cost isolation and quantification method for exosomes in human urine samples using polyester (PET) capillary-channeled polymer (C-CP) fibers in a hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) protocol has been developed. The process has been verified via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) before and after the capture of exosomes on the fiber surfaces. Sample load and elution rates were optimized to affect high resolution and throughput. Isolated exosomes were quantified based on a UV absorbance response curve created using a commercial human urine-derived exosome standard with an exosome concentration of 7.32 × 1011 mL−1. The loading capacity of a 30-cm C-CP PET column was ~ 7 × 1011 exosomes. An inter-injection washing method with PBS was developed to improve the reproducibility with a 2.9% RSD achieved for 7 complete isolation cycles.
109. IF YOU CALL IT, WILL THEY COME?: USING QUALITY IMPROVEMENT METHODOLOGY TO IMPROVE RESIDENT CODE TEAM LEADERSHIP SKILLS

Background Management of an acutely ill or decompensating child is pivotal to a pediatric resident's training. Pediatric physicians should be prepared to recognize and respond to pediatric emergencies. Starting in 2014, senior residents in our program were designated as the code team leader on even days. Subsequent data demonstrate that residents rarely led codes on even days. We therefore developed a quality improvement initiative to improve resident code team leadership skills. Aim Statement Our primary aim was to increase the percent of even day codes led by a resident to 50% by May 2018. Interventions A needs assessment survey was conducted to identify barriers to resident code team leadership. A fishbone diagram developed to categorize barriers to target. Plan Do Study Act cycles were conducted to implement and test various interventions including a simulation-based workshop on code team leadership, data sharing about code events, and just-in-time resources addressing common questions. Measures Outcome measures included the percentage of even day codes led by resident. Process measures included resident self-confidence in their code team leaders. Balancing Measures included the percent of even day codes with subsequent negative events. Results Baseline data demonstrated no even day codes led by residents. Special cause variation was seen following interventions of simulation-based education and just-in-time training with 40% of codes led by senior residents. Improvements were sustained throughout the academic year. Conclusions and Next Steps Using quality improvement methodology we were able to successfully increase the number of codes led by senior residents without increased negative outcomes. Future interventions will aim at sustaining improvement into a new academic year.
Establishing Appropriate Agency Relationships for Providers in China

Physicians play multiple roles in a health system. They typically serve simultaneously as the agent for patients, for insurers, for their own medical practices, and for the hospital facilities where they practice. Theoretical and empirical results have demonstrated that financial relations among these different stakeholders can affect clinical outcomes as well as the efficiency and quality of care. What are the physicians' roles as the agents of Chinese patients? The marketization approach of China's economic reforms since 1978 has made hospitals and physicians profit-driven. Such profit-driven behavior and the financial tie between hospitals and physicians have in turn made physicians more the agents of hospitals rather than of their patients. While this commentary acknowledges physicians' ethics and their dedication to their patients, it argues that the current physician agency relation in China has created barriers to achieving some of the central goals of current provider-side health care reform efforts. In addition to eliminating existing perverse financial incentives for both hospitals and physicians, the need for which is already agreed upon by numerous scholars, we argue that the success of the ongoing Chinese public hospital reform and of overall health care reform also relies on establishing appropriate physician-hospital agency relations. This commentary proposes 2 essential steps to establish such physician-hospital agency relations: (1) minimize financial ties between senior physicians and tertiary-level public hospitals by establishing a separate reimbursement system for senior physicians, and (2) establishing a comprehensive physician professionalism system underwritten by the Chinese government, professional physician associations, and major health care facilities as well as by physician leadership representatives. Neither of these suggestions is addressed adequately in current health care reform activities.
The Effect of Conflict and Knowledge Sharing on the Information Technology Project Team Performance

The existent literature lacks papers that explored the proposed model, which examines how process, relationship, and task conflict impacts knowledge sharing and the subsequently perceived team performance in the information technology (IT) development process. The proposed research model adds knowledge sharing to prior studies that explored how the types of conflict impacted team performance. The hypotheses were tested using a field survey, which was distributed to IT project team members. While team members who experience task conflicts tend to share more knowledge and perform better, members who experience more process or relationship conflicts are less likely to share knowledge, and the team performance is also impacted. The results offer insights to explain how the different types of conflict can affect knowledge sharing and subsequently group processes within IT project teams and, ultimately, improve or degrade performance.
Foundations of Mind IV: Quantum Mechanics Meets Neurodynamics

This is a description of the aims, agenda and organization of a conference, organized by Foundations of Mind and hosted by the CIIS Centre for Consciousness Studies that took place on 31st January, 2017. Teh proceedings of this conference are published in this special edition. The topic was 'Quantum Mechanics Meets Neurodynamics: An Emerging 21st Century Science of Consciousness'. This the fourth Foundations fo Mind conference. The proceedings of the other three conferences have also been published in Cosmos and History.
Tumor modeling maintains diverse pathology in vitro

Ovarian cancers present with clinical, molecular, and genetic heterogeneity. The diversity of ovarian tumors can be illustrated by the assortment of histological subtypes, sites of origin of the primary and metastatic lesions, and cellular makeup found within each patient.
CHAPTER 29 – Human Genome Project, Genomics, and Clinical Research

Publisher Summary A full working knowledge of disease, genetic mechanisms, epidemiology, genotyping, and statistical analysis is essential for successful study of complex disease. There have been major advances in the understanding of genetic mechanisms of disease and translation of this understanding to clinical practice. This chapter discusses genetic models and describes the basic methods currently used to conduct complex trait inheritance research. The future discoveries will be made by teams of researchers cooperating to integrate all parts, including clinicians, laboratory scientists, biostatisticians, bioinformaticians, and pharmaceutical designers. The thoughtful application of discoveries to cure or ameliorate diseases will be a great challenge to clinicians as we enter a new age of genomic medicine. It will lead to new insights into pathophysiology and to the development of new approaches to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment.
Is Privacy Dead? Does it Matter? How Facebook Frames its Data Policy Through Public Communication

Facebook holds vast amounts of data that provide artificial intelligence about attitudes and behaviors of 1.6 billon users throughout the world. The current study analyzes Facebook’s public communication regarding data collection and privacy to better understand how the company frames its message strategy, which affects user understanding. As calls for oversight and legislation of data privacy continue to surface, this study explores how Facebook defines data and how it frames its data policy through public communication. Results show Facebook addresses what data the company collects but fails to provide sufficient clarity explaining how data is stored or used. It frames its privacy policy in terms that benefit users without explanation of its business model.
Virtual mind-body treatment for adolescents with neurofibromatosis: Study protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Neurofibromatoses (NF) are a group of genetically distinct disorders of the nervous system unified by the predisposition to nerve sheath tumors. Although adolescents with NF types 1 and 2 (NF1 and NF2) report poor quality of life and high psychosocial burden, there are no evidence-based interventions to address these needs. This paper presents the study design and protocol for the first randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a mind-body intervention for adolescents with NF, Resilient Youth with NF (RY-NF), versus an educational control group, Health Education for NF (HE-NF), both delivered in groups via secure live video. Methods This is an ongoing, single-blind efficacy RCT. Recruitment began in November 2019 and will continue until March 2022. We will enroll 200 English-speaking, geographically diverse adolescents (ages 12–17) with NF1 and NF2 who report significant distress or difficulty coping with their NF symptoms. We will use a shared-baseline, linear mixed model to compare the effect of RY-NF versus HE-NF on changes in quality of life (QoL) and psychosocial outcomes from baseline to post-intervention, and 6- and 12-month follow-ups. We will also develop NF-specific minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for QoL variables, and conduct mediation and moderation analyses to understand mechanisms of improvement. Discussion This study has important clinical and public health implications for the psychosocial functioning of adolescents with NF. It provides a model for efficient delivery of virtual psychosocial care for adolescents with rare diseases. Plans for dissemination and implementation of the RY-NF should efficacy be ascertained are also discussed.
Bisexual Women: Experiencing and Coping with Objectification, Prejudice, and Erasure

Fredrickson and Roberts’ sexual objectification theory has been successfully tested across sexually diverse groups (e.g., heterosexual, lesbian). However, objectification theory research has rarely...
Blood in the joint: effects of hemarthrosis on meniscus health and repair techniques

Injury to the meniscus is common and frequently leads to the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Many times meniscus injuries occur coincident with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and lead to a bloody joint effusion. Hemarthrosis, or bleeding into the joint, has been implicated in degeneration of joint tissues. The goal of this review paper is to understand the pathophysiology of blood-induced joint damage, the possible effects of blood on meniscus tissue, and the implications for current meniscus repair techniques that involve the introduction of blood-derived products into the joint. In this review, we illustrate the similarities in the pathophysiology of joint damage due to hemophilic arthropathy (HA) and osteoarthritis (OA). Although numerous studies have revealed the harmful effects of blood on cartilage and synovium, there is currently a gap in knowledge regarding the effects of hemarthrosis on meniscus tissue homeostasis, healing, and the development of PTOA following meniscus injury. Given that many meniscus repair techniques utilize blood-derived and marrow-derived products, it is essential to understand the effects of these factors on meniscus tissue and the whole joint organ to develop improved strategies to promote meniscus tissue repair and prevent PTOA development.
Factors Associated With Tolerance for In-Office Laryngeal Laser Procedures.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS A variety of laryngeal pathologies are increasingly being managed with in-office KTP laser (IOKTP) endoscopic procedures. The primary goal of this study was to identify patient characteristics and disease-related features that correlated with tolerance for IOKTP. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective chart review. METHODS The study was a retrospective review of adult patients undergoing office-based laryngeal laser procedures between November 2016 and December 2019 at a tertiary care center. Two blinded otolaryngologist reviewers scored videotaped recordings of IOKTP procedures and assessed severity and distribution of disease using a modified Derkay score, and evaluated procedure tolerance using a visual analog scale. RESULTS A total of 56 patients who received IOKTP procedures for laryngeal pathology were reviewed, 42 male and 14 female, with a mean age of 61 years. Gender, age, and BMI were not correlated with tolerance. There was a moderate, negative correlation between tolerance and total number of pathological anatomic laryngeal subsites (rs(56) = -0.35, P = .01). There was a weak, negative correlation between tolerance and total modified Derkay score (rs(56) = -0.29, P = .03). The median tolerance score was lower for patients with posterior lesions (Mdn = 6.4) compared with patients with non-posterior lesions (Mdn = 7.4), P = .04, and lower for current or former smokers (Mdn = 6.5) compared with never smokers (Mdn = 7.3), P = .04. CONCLUSION Patients with large disease burden or posterior lesions and patients with smoking history may exhibit poorer tolerance of IOKTP procedures, factors which can help guide pre-procedural counseling and management decisions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV Laryngoscope, 131:E2292-E2297, 2021.
503. The Misappropriation of COVID-19 Related TV Ad Expenditures

Background: With nearly three-fourths of the U S population isolated in their homes between early March and the end of May, almost all of whom regularly watch television (TV), it was no surprise that companies began to purchase airtime on major television networks to advertise (ad) their brands and showcase their empathy with the populace But how would the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic curve have changed had these same dollars been allocated to proven preventive interventions? Methods: Performance and activity metrics on all COVID-19 related TV ads that have aired in the U S between February 26th and June 7th, 2020, were provided by iSpot tv, Inc , including expenditures COVID-19 incidence and mortality data were collected from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Descriptive statistics were performed to calculate total TV ad expenditures and other performance metrics across industry categories Leveraging a previously published stochastic agent-based model that was used to assess the cost-effectiveness of non-pharmaceutical interventions to control COVID-19, the number of cases that would have been prevented had these same dollars been used for preventive interventions was calculated using cost-effectiveness ratios (CERs), the cost divided by cases prevented Results: A total of 1,513 companies purchased TV airtime during the study period, totaling approximately 1 1 million airings, 215 5 billion impressions, and $2 7 billion in expenditures;most of the expenditures were spent by the restaurant (15 9%), electronics and communications (15 4%), and vehicle (13 7%) industries The CERs for PPE and social distancing measures were $13,856 and $29,552, respectively;therefore, had all of these TV ad dollars instead been allocated to PPE or social distancing measures, approximately 194,908 and 91,386 cases of COVID-19 may have been prevented by the end of the study period, respectively Conclusion: Americans were inundated with COVID-19 related TV ads during the early months of the pandemic and companies are now showing some signs to relent In times of disaster, however, it is paramount that the private sector go beyond showcasing their empathy and truly become socially responsible by allocating their funds to proven prevention and control measures
Microplastics effect on the physicochemical parameters and interaction with spirulina platensis microalgae in Al-Dalmaj Marsh, Iraq

Abstract Al-Dalmaj Marsh is considered one of the important brackish water body in Iraq as it has a huge fish wealth in addition to the possibility of investment in the place for tourism due to the presence of many archeological and historical sites nearby the Al-Dalmaj Marsh such as the ancient city of Nippur that demand to monitor the water quality of Al-Dalmaj Marsh and assure to be clean and pollution-free all the time. The physicochemical properties of Al-Dalmaj Marsh water (Temperature, pH, Conductivity, and Dissolved oxygen) were changed from October 2019 to October 2020 due to the decrease in the water level. The present study showed that the water body of the Al-Dalmaj Marsh has microplastics pollution in a ratio reached to 2.6% especially in the south and east sites of the study (S1, S2, S6, S7, S8). Moreover, different types of microplastics (MPs) were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy in the collected samples from the eight sites and it is found that the transparent Polyethylene (PE) is the most abundant MPs. MPs concentrations in the collected samples were changed from (1.9 x103- 2.8 x103) in October 2019 to (2.8 x103-3.6 x103) items/km2 in October 2020. The growth and chlorophyll content of the Spirulina platensis microalgae showed a clear decrease by adding the different types of MPs and PVC showed the most adverse effect on these two parameters. Besides, Spirulina p. showed great potential to uptake and aggregate MPs particles from the culturing media and work as a bioremediation agent.
Geospatial and Semantic Mapping Platform for Massive COVID-19 Scientific Publication Search

Thousands of results of scientific publications on the topic of COVID-19 have emerged within a short time, raising significant challenges for scholars to organize the research, or even synthesize the knowledge in a timely or comprehensive manner. To facilitate this, we have developed a geospatial and semantic mapping platform to search and organize these large and unmapped digital collections. The semantic map visualizes research topics based on customized natural language processing algorithms, which helps users to identify their content of specific interest beyond keyword searches in web search engines. The resultant geospatial map extracts all the location names mentioned in the publications, illustrating where COVID-19 studies have been conducted and where neglected study areas might exist. The system has been deployed as a web service for public access.
Duration of SARS-CoV-2 Sero-Positivity in a Large Longitudinal Sero-Surveillance Cohort: The COVID-19 Community Research Partnership

Abstract Background Estimating population prevalence and incidence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential to formulate public health recommendations concerning the COVID-19 pandemic. However, interpreting estimates based on sero-surveillance requires an understanding of the duration of elevated antibodies following SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially in the large number of people with pauci-symptomatic or asymptomatic disease. Methods We examined >30,000 serology assays for SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG and IgM assays acquired longitudinally in 11,468 adults between April and November 2020 in the COVID-19 Community Research Partnership. Findings Among participants with serologic evidence for infection but few or no symptoms or clinical disease, roughly 50% sero-reverted in 30 days of their initial positive test. Sero-reversion occurred more quickly for IgM than IgG and for antibodies targeting nucleocapsid protein compared with spike proteins, but was not associated with age, sex, race/ethnicity, or healthcare worker status. Interpretation The short duration of antibody response suggests that the true population prevalence of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection may be significantly higher than presumed based on earlier sero-surveillance studies. The impact of the large number of minimally symptomatic COVID-19 cases with only a brief antibody response on population immunity remains to be determined. Funding This publication is supported by the CARES Act, of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) as part of a financial assistance award totaling $20,000,000. The contents are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent the official views of, nor an endorsement, by HHS, or the U.S. Government. Research in context Evidence before this study Previous longitudinal studies of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 suggest that people with less severe disease have a more rapid decline of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies than people with severe disease. However, these data come from small laboratory-based investigations or studies of convenience samples identified based on symptomatic disease. Added value of this study This study provides extensive longitudinal serologic follow-up in a large number of people with serologic evidence of prior infection who had little or no symptoms based on active daily symptom surveillance. Implications of the available evidence The data indicate that serologic evidence of prior infection in minimally symptomatic people is fleeting, suggesting that cross-sectional sero-surveys have under-estimated the true prevalence of prior infection in populations. The data highlight the challenge of determining transmission dynamics and long-term immunity in asymptomatic cases which likely represents an even larger fraction of all cases of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection than previously presumed.
Understanding and responding to challenges students face when engaging in carbon cycle pool-and-flux reasoning

Carbon cycle pool-and-flux reasoning is a critical facet of climate literacy. This article begins with discussion of why this type of reasoning is both challenging and important. Results from two s...
Sex, Race, Insurance, and Pain: Do Patient Sociodemographics Influence Postoperative Opioid Prescriptions Among Hand Surgeons?

Background:Social and demographic factors may influence patient treatment by physicians. This study analyzes the influence of patient sociodemographics on prescription practices among hand surgeons...
Automated Tool to Create Chronological AC Power Flow Cases for Large Interconnected Systems

Power system planning engineers currently perform planning studies based on a few snapshots representing typical system operating points, also known as base power flow cases. However, that is not enough to fully understand and evaluate operational impacts of the current and future grid, especially in high uncertainty and extreme events. Time-series analysis must be considered. We developed a procedure for using production cost model (PCM) simulation data for wind, photovoltaic, and load levels to generate chronological, hourly power flow cases. Because the PCM uses a lossless, linear, DC power-flow solution for simulations, AC power flow must be converged to enable reliability planning studies. This paper describes a procedure to handle losses and reactive power planning for large, interconnected systems. The procedure is illustrated with an example using the Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) 2028 Anchor Data Set (ADS) as a PCM and the WECC 2028 High Summer Power Flow case (22,000 bus system) as references. This procedure can be applied to systems with multiple AC and DC grids of any grid topology.