cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic Tidally-Induced Nest Failure in a Colony of White Ibises

Over five seasons, I censused an estuarine colony of White Ibises (Eudocimus albus) in South Carolina using aerial counts before and after tidal washovers. I found 61% of all nesting starts were abandoned during these tides; since not all washovers were monitored, this figure is conservative. An analysis of tide gauge data indicates these destructive tides were frequent, and predictable across seasons. This colony is growing in size, and there is circumstantial evidence of breeding site fidelity despite the washovers. This is surprising, since White Ibises are known for frequent colony shifts. Although egg predation at this colony was comparatively low, and clutch size comparatively high, breeders still suffered far more total nest loss than at other coastal colonies. I suggest White Ibises do not use nesting failure, or predictability of failure as cues for abandonment, but rely on environmental cues such as local food availability and frequency of nest-site predation instead.
Increasing Readiness for Advocacy Through a Problem-Solving Advocacy Intervention

Date Presented 4/16/2015 This study examined the relationship between the readiness for advocacy and the attainment of goals in a problem-solving advocacy intervention (Project TEAM). Parents reported a significant increase in readiness. Youths with varying levels of readiness for change attained their participation goals.
Multi-tiered architecture WebGIS based on technology of component

The article introduces the architecture of mufti-tiered WebGIS based on component,and proposes a 5-tiered WebGIS architecture model which is independed on the platform.The model has favorable flexibility and good retractility,and avoid many problems of maintenance and upgrade generally caused by traditional development.The article also describes the implementation of the multi-tier.
Determination of the Effective Components in Ligustrum L.Fruits by HPLC

Objective To determination the effective components of Ligustrum vicaryi L..Methods The specnuezhenide,oleanic acid and ursolic acid from Ligustrum vicaryi L.fruits were determined by HPLC.The optimal condition for specnuezhenide was achieved on the Kromasil C18(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) column with gradient elution of 20 % acetonitrile-water at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was set at 25°C and the wavelength of detector was 254 nm;The optimal condition for oleanic acid and ursolic acid was achieved on the Merck Hibar lichrospher sorbent lot No: 59139333(4.6 mm × 250 mm,5 μm) column with gradient elution of 89 % methanol-water(containing 0.02 % triethylamine and 0.03 % glacial acetic acid) at a flow-rate of 1.0 mL/min,the column temperature was set at 30℃ and the wavelength of detector was 215 nm.Results All calibration curves showed good linear regression.The linear calibration curves were obtained over of 0.330-1.650 μg for specnuezhenide(r =0.999 4,n=5),0.235-1.175 μg for oleanic acid(r = 0.999 4,n = 5) and 0.217-1.085 μg for ursolic acid(r = 0.999 8,n= 5);the recoveries(±RSD) % were 97.1(±2.75) % for specnuezhenide,97.8(±1.05) % for oleanic acid and 98.2(±1.00) % for ursolic acid.The content of specnuezhenide,oleanic acid and ursolic acid in Ligustrum vicaryi L.was 0.522 %,0.279 % and 0.796 %,respectively.Conclusion The established analysis methods are simple and accurate,which can be used for quality control of Ligustrum vicaryi L.fruits,and provide basis for the further development and utilization of Ligustrum vicaryi L..
Composite characterization using infrared inspection technologies

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) is an important part of design and manufacturing of solid laminate composite materials. The wide range of materials, processing and configurations used in composite fabrication are in constant need of new inspection techniques. Pulsed thermography infrared (IR) imaging and data analysis is becoming a common aerospace NDE technique that helps characterize the composite structure after the curing process. This paper describes IR camera characteristics, experimental set-up and data analysis of thin solid laminate samples placed on top of metal disks. The logarithmic temperature time plots of the surface and the effects of subsurface features will be presented.
Valganciclovir in the Prevention of Cytomegalovirus Following Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Valganciclovir, the valine ester of ganciclovir, has excellent oral bioavailability and has the potential to replace intravenous ganciclovir in may situations, namely CMV prophylaxis or pre-emptive therapy after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. METHODS: From August 2002 to December 2005, 58 patients (pts) who were either CMV positive or had a seropositive donor were enrolled in a prospective trial of intravenous (IV) ganciclovir at 5 mg/Kg twice a day for one week, followed by oral valganciclovir 900 mg once daily for a total of 180 days. IV ganciclovir was started at time of engraftment. Dose adjustments of valganciclovir were made according to renal function; growth factors were allowed in the event of neutropenia. Patients were monitored with weekly antigenemia. Study endpoints included incidence of CMV reactivation and disease during the first 180 days after transplantation. For the study, viremia was defined as a positive CMV blood culture by shell vial or conventional culture. A positive antigenemia assay in pts with severe (grade III–IV) GVHD was defined as 1 positive cell on either of 2 duplicate slides. For pts with no or mild GVHD, a positive antigenemia assay was defined as 2 positive cells/slide. RESULTS: Fifty eight pts were enrolled. The median age was 50 years (range 18–71). Twenty eight pts underwent a sibling transplant and 30 pts unrelated transplant. Twenty pts were transplanted using a reduced intensity regimen (12 received Campath-1H) and 38 pts received a standard ablative regimen with T cell depletion. There were 47 seropositive recipients and 33 seropositive donors. Fourteen pts were not able to proceed after consenting due to screening positive antigenemia (2 pts), financial reasons (2 pts), severe gut GVHD unabling oral intake (4 pts), death (4 pts), acyclovir resistant HSV infection treated with other antiviral agents (2 pts). Forty four pts received valganciclovir. Neutropenia was observed in 7 pts, resolving in all of them. Valganciclovir was discontinued temporarily in these pts. Four of them were receiving concomitant mycophenolate mofetil. No adverse effects were otherwise reported. Nineteen pts failed to complete the study due to diagnosis of severe gut GVHD (8 pts), financial reasons (1 pt), death due to disease progression (5 pts), relapse/progression of underlying disease (5pts). Twenty six pts have completed at least 3 months of therapy and 21 pts completed 180 days. One pt experienced CMV reactivation (not taking the precribed dose). No other pt experienced CMV reactivation or disease while on therapy. CONCLUSION: These early results suggest that valganciclovir has a role in the prevention of CMV after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Valganciclovir is well tolerated and is an attractive oral alternative for prevention of CMV.
Editorial: Functional Dyspepsia Treatment: Trials and Tribulations of Targeted Strategies.

Abstract:While functional dyspepsia (FD) is an exceedingly common disorder, the number of treatment options remains limited, and strategies for the individualized implementation of these therapies largely are lacking. In the current issue ofAmerican Journal of Gastroenterology, Saito and colleagues
Building Educational Presence in Second Life: An Exploratory Study.

Second Life ® (SL) as the exemplar of virtual worlds has become a new platform for simulating real-life experiences and interactions. Businesses, universities, hospitals, governmental organizations, and individuals participate in SL for a variety of activities and experiences. Increasing participation in range of activities has made SL a suitable environment for creativity and innovation in the web-based delivery of services. However, there is little knowledge about the process of creating systems/presence in this new environment. This paper explores the unique aspects of systems development for educational purposes in SL using a case study approach. Multiple cases have been analyzed to investigate the process of systems development in SL projects and contrasted with existing information system development approaches. Contributions to education and research are discussed.
CoCoRaHS Observers Contribute to “Condition Monitoring” in the Carolinas: A New Initiative Addresses Needs for Drought Impacts Information

AbstractThis article introduces two new tools developed to enhance drought impacts monitoring by citizen scientists. In collaboration with the National Integrated Drought Information System (NIDIS), the National Drought Mitigation Center (NDMC), and the Community Collaborative Rain, Hail and Snow (CoCoRaHS) network, the Carolinas Integrated Sciences and Assessments (CISA) developed an experimental method of drought monitoring and reporting by citizen scientists. Since 2013, CISA has recruited CoCoRaHS observers in the Carolinas to participate in “condition monitoring,” the regular reporting of local conditions. In contrast to intermittent drought impact reports, condition monitoring creates a baseline for comparison of change through time and improves understanding of the onset, intensification, and recovery of drought.A project evaluation demonstrated the usefulness of the qualitative reports, while also identifying a need for improved accessibility to the information and a quantitative metric to more qu...
Using survival analysis to discovering pathways to success in mathematics

Abstract Mathematics is viewed as essential to the economic competitiveness of the United States on the global stage (US Department of Education). As a part of the core Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields, mathematics is vital to the nation's economic prosperity, yet enrollment in STEM fields at the college/university level has remained relatively stable, despite millions of dollars expended to improve STEM education and retention. Most extant research focuses on innovations within classroom settings that can improve learning outcomes for students pursuing STEM majors. Additional research is needed in examining how the sequencing of courses taken by students can help or hinder their progress toward the successful completion of a STEM degree. In this first phase of our research, quantitative analytics was used to identify the impact of specific courses on students' risk of dropping out of a Math major. Findings suggest a general inverse correlation between academic performance and attrition: good performance predicts lower attrition rates. Survival analysis indicated that the further a student goes within the math major, the greater the risk of dropping out. Students in a Math major tend to be more likely to drop out after their 4th year compared to their first three years. In general, students show increased inclination to switch majors from their second year and those students who have stayed in the program for too long are very likely to switch to another major.
Jak/STAT Signaling in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

The malignant behavior of multiple myeloma cells is driven by the ­pattern of gene expression exhibited by these cells, particularly inappropriate expression of genes regulating cell survival and proliferation. Working back from this observation, it was found that the transcription factor STAT3 is activated constitutively in a large proportion of cases. Whereas STAT3 is normally activated rapidly and transiently in response to cytokines, the continual activation of STAT3 in myeloma leads to enhanced expression of genes that underlie the proliferation, spread, and therapeutic resistance seen in this disease. This constitutive activation of STAT3 can be mediated by a number of pathways including autocrine or paracrine loops (particularly involving IL-6), as well as a loss of negative regulators of STAT activation. The finding that STAT3 plays an oncogenic role in the biology of multiple myeloma also provides an opportunity to develop molecular therapies that target this pathway. Although transcription factors like STAT3 have traditionally been viewed as difficult targets for pharmacological therapy, rapid advances are being made in targeting this oncogenic transcription factor. Alone or in combination with other therapeutic modalities, STAT3 inhibitors hold great promise for increased efficacy and decreased toxicity in the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma.
Thulium Enucleation of Prostate

The thulium laser has several properties that confer some theoretical advantages over other lasers used for the treatment of BPH such as a relatively small zone of thermal damage. In ex vivo animal studies comparing the KTP and thulium lasers, similar hemostatic properties were observed with a shallower coagulation zone (Wendt-Nordahl et al. J Endourol. 2008;22:1041). Two main techniques for laser resection and vapoenucleation have been described: ThuVEP and TmLRP (Xia et al. Eur Urol. 2008;53:383, Bach et al. World J Urol. 2007;25:257). Studies using the 70–120-W thulium laser systems demonstrate good efficacy of these procedures with low morbidity and few complications in mostly small- and medium-sized prostates (Gross et al. Eur Urol. 2012;63:859). Safety and efficacy has also been demonstrated in patients taking oral anticoagulation (Macchione et al. Int Urol Nephrol. 2013;45:1545–51). Comparative studies have been published comparing thulium laser prostatectomy to monopolar TURP, bipolar TURP, and HoLEP. Compared to all these techniques, thulium laser prostatectomy had a longer operative time and demonstrated superior blood loss compared to TURP techniques. Short- and intermediate-term improvements in IPSS, QoL, Qmax, and PVR were similar across techniques. Overall thulium laser resection and vapoenucleation, and enucleation techniques appear safe and effective with low morbidity. Further comparative and long-term studies are needed for this promising technology, particularly in larger prostates.
Cow Type and the Nutritional Environment: Nutritional Aspects

Numerous studies have been reported that relate to the influence of cattle type on production efficiency; however, most reported studies have been concerned with output characteristics. This review concentrates on the influence of cattle type on the input requirements and more specifically, energy requirements. Data are presented that show that energy is required for maintenance, growth, gestation and lactation and requirements for each of these functions vary among cattle types. Data are presented that suggest 70 to 75% of total annual energy requirements are required for maintenance functions and variation in requirements for maintenance appear to be greater than variation in requirements for growth, gestation or lactation. In general, variation in maintenance requirements appears to be positively associated with genetic potential for measures of production, e.g., rate of growth or milk production. Reported results suggest that animals having genetic potential for high productivity may have less advantage or be at a disadvantage in a more restrictive environment, suggesting the need for synchronization of production environment and germ plasm resources. Some of the sources of variation in maintenance requirements have been discussed. Data are cited that suggest little of the variation in maintenance energy expenditures is attributable to variation in total body composition per se. However, considerable evidence has accumulated to show that a relatively large proportion of maintenance energy expenditures can be attributed to energy expenditures of visceral organs, especially the liver and gastrointestinal tract. High rates of energy expenditures of these tissues appear to be directly or indirectly associated with the high rates of protein synthesis in these tissues. Greater use of differing research approaches and assimilation of the results are needed to develop an understanding of the reasons for variation among animals in maintenance energy expenditures or energetic efficiency.
Numerical Simulations of Lower-Frequency Acoustic Propagation and Backscatter from Solitary Internal Waves in a Shallow Water Environment

The effects of a solitary internal wave on the low-frequency ocean acoustic field in a shallow-water waveguide have been examined using numerical simulations. The waveguide contained the inhomogeneous water column, range-dependent bathymetry, and inhomogeneous ocean bottomsubbottom. Environmental parameters (density, compressional and shear wave speeds and attenuations) in the bottom-subbottom varied in both range and depth Small variations in range and depth along the ocean bottom-subbottom interfaces were used to simulate seafloor roughness. The coupled acoustic fields in this total waveguide simulation were calculated using full-wave two-way range-dependent finite-element ocean acoustic computer models (FOAM, FFRAME, SAFE).
Clinical Use of Prostacyclin in Vascular Disease

Two main biological effects of prostacyclin, i.e., its effect on platelets and vasodilation, were already observed during the first intravenous administration of prostacyclin to man [5, 25] and were confirmed in later studies [7, 14]. The action of pros-tacyclin on platelets is manifested in its anti-aggregatory and disaggregatory properties [5, 18, 26]. The former are seen as a marked inhibition of ADP- or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in PRP, the latter as dispersion of both circulating platelet aggregates and platelet thrombi that have been formed on a collagen surface [18]. These effects are observed within first 15–45 min of infusion of prostacyclin (PGI2). However, after 24 hr, and usually after 72 hr of administration of PGI2, an unexpected activation of platelets is observed in patients who were treated with prostacyclin (2–5 ng/kg/min i.v.) (Fig. 1). Recently, Sinzinger et al. [16]. found in vivo a similar activation of platelets in patients with peripheral arterial disease who were treated with PGI2 (5 ng/kg/min) for a period of 8 days. A sudden decrease in platelet sensitivity to PGI2, increased β-thromboglobulin level in blood, increased circulating platelet factor 4 (PF4) were observed as soon as 24 hr after beginning of the therapy. This “rebound effect” of PGI2 on platelets is of an unknown mechanism but exhaustion of the platelet adenylate-cyclase system is one of possible explanations.
Maneuvering and Control of Space Structures

In certain spacecraft reorientation of the line of sight requires slewing of the whole spacecraft. If the spacecraft is flexible, then the slewing maneuver is likely to cause elastic vibration, as well as perturbations in the maneuvering angular motion. the latter are undesirable effects and must be controlled. Other spacecraft can be regarded as articulated flexible multibody systems and only certain smaller components must be reoriented relative to an inertial space. In this case, it is more convenient to stabilize the main spacecraft relative to the inertial space and reorient the elastic components relative to the main spacecraft. This paper reviews first the literature on flexible singlebody and multibody maneuvers. Then, it discusses the problem of maneuvering and control of articulated flexible space structures in detail.
The Language of Evangelism: Christian Cultures of Circulation Beyond the Missionary Prologue

This article provides an overview of recent scholarship on the language of evangelism and missionization within the anthropology of Christianity. Attention to Christian evangelism and forms of circ...
Criminalização da discriminação em razão da diversidade de gênero

A criminalizacao da discriminacao por diversidade de genero e um tema que recebe cada dia mais atencao, tendo em vista a constante divulgacao da midia acerca dos crimes praticados contra lesbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais, bem como o fato do Brasil ser apontado como o lider no ranking dos paises com alto indice de crimes homofobicos, conforme dados do Grupo Gay da Bahia – GGB –, tais dados apontam que este crime aumenta a cada novo periodo observado. Isso ocasiona discussoes na sociedade, que reivindica a criminalizacao da discriminacao por diversidade de genero, alegando que esta seria a principal forma de reduzir os crimes praticados contra lesbicas, gays, bissexuais, travestis e transexuais, impulsionando, assim, todas as esferas do poder, em especial a legislativa, a buscar a alteracao da legislacao atual, elaborando Propostas de Emenda a Constituicao, bem como Projetos de Lei da Câmara para tanto. E com base nas referidas propostas que o presente artigo foi desenvolvido, por meio de pesquisa bibliografica e de campo, objetivando analisar a problematica da criminalizacao da discriminacao por diversidade de genero, demonstrando, ao final, que a criacao de uma legislacao especifica que tipifique como delitivas as condutas de discriminacao por orientacao sexual, identidade ou expressao de genero, e a forma mais eficaz de coibir a violencia praticada contra a comunidade LGBT. Para isso, serao utilizados como premissa os principios da igualdade e da nao discriminacao, fazendo-se posteriormente uma distincao entre preconceito, discriminacao e intolerância, visto que seus conceitos sao absolutamente distintos e nao devem ser confundidos.
Nail irregularities associated with Sézary syndrome.

Sezary syndrome (SS) is the leukemic form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and can be associated with various nail irregularities, though they are infrequently reported. In this retrospective study, we reviewed medical records from a CTCL clinic database at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, Texas) for reported nail abnormalities in patients with a diagnosis of SS. Findings for 2 select cases are described in more detail and are compared to prior case reports to establish a comprehensive list of nail irregularities that have been associated with SS.
Head and Neck Injuries Associated With Cell Phone Use

Importance As cell phones gain more influence in daily life, they also become potentially more hazardous. Injuries resulting from cell phone use have long been reported largely in the context of driving-related incidents, but other mechanisms of injury have been underreported. Objective To assess the incidence, types, and mechanisms of head and neck injuries associated with cell phone use. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective cross-sectional study using data from a national database of individuals with head and neck injuries related to cell phone use who presented to emergency departments in the United States between January 1998 and December 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures Incidence, types, and mechanisms of injury related to cell phone use in the US population. Results A reported total of 2501 patients (1129 [55.0%] female, 795 [38.8%] white, and 772 [37.6%] aged 13-29 years) presented with injuries of the head and neck related to cell phone use; the estimated weighted national total was 76 043 patients (42 846 females [56.3%], 34 894 [45.9%] white, and 29 956 [39.4%] aged 13-29 years). The most commonly reported subsites of injuries in the head and neck region included the head (33.1% of estimated total); face, including eyelid, eye area, and nose (32.7%); and neck (12.5%). The most common injury diagnoses included laceration (26.3% of estimated total), contusion/abrasion (24.5%), and internal organ injury (18.4%). Age group distributions showed that most injuries associated with cell phone user distraction occurred among individuals aged 13 to 29 years (60.3%; Cramer V = 0.29). In addition, those younger than 13 years were significantly more likely to sustain direct mechanical injury from a cell phone (82.1%) than to have a cell phone use–associated injury (17.9%) (Cramer V = 0.305), whereas a cell phone use–associated injury was more likely than a direct mechanical injury to occur among those aged 50 to 64 years (68.2% vs 31.8%; Cramer V = 0.11) and those older than 65 years (90.3% vs 9.7%; Cramer V = 0.29). Conclusions and Relevance Cell phone–related injuries to the head and neck have increased steeply over the recent 20-year period, with many cases resulting from distraction. Although the disposition of most cases is simple, some injuries bear a risk of long-term complications. Many of these injuries occurred among those aged 13 to 29 years and were associated with common activities, such as texting while walking. These findings suggest a need for patient education about injury prevention and the dangers of activity while using these devices.
NONRESIDENT POSTSECONDARY ENROLLMENT GROWTH AND THE OUTCOMES OF IN‐STATE STUDENTS

We study the effects of exposure to nonresident students on the outcomes of undergraduate in‐state students during a period of high nonresident enrollment growth at the University of Missouri‐Columbia. Our models leverage within‐major, cross‐time variation in nonresident exposure for identification. We find no evidence that increased exposure to domestic nonresidents affects in‐state student outcomes and our null results are precisely estimated. We find evidence of modest negative impacts on in‐state students when their exposure to foreign students increases using our preferred specification. However, the identifying variation in exposure to foreign students in our data is limited and this result is not robust in all of our models. (JEL I23, I28, R23)
Analytical formulae for accurately sized t-tests in the single instrument case

Abstract I construct novel analytical expressions for asymptotically valid right-tailed and left-tailed t-tests in the single instrument-single regressor case. The underlying disturbances are allowed to be non-Gaussian and (in a simple extension of the baseline case) heteroskedastic. The critical values for the tests are constructed under the (testable) assumption that the expectation of the F-statistic in the first-stage regression is greater than a lower bound ( 1 + μ L B 2 ) . The asymptotic sizes of the implied one-tailed (two-tailed) tests are within 2 Φ ( − μ L B ) ( 4 Φ ( − μ L B ) ) of their nominal values, where Φ is the cdf of a standard normal random variable. The resulting degree of control over asymptotic test sizes is considerably superior to that provided by the standard Stock–Yogo (2005) approach.
Charge scattering mechanisms in shallow InAs quantum wells

We studied the charge scattering mechanisms present in In0.2Al0.8Sb/InAs/Al0.8Ga0.2Sb wells placed in close proximity to the surface of the heterostructures, at depths from 7 nm to 15 nm. The heterostructures were either unintentionally doped, doped from below the channel, or from above the channel. Measurements of sheet and Hall resistances were performed at T = 2 K in a variable magnetic field and under illumination with wavelengths of 400 nm up to 1300 nm. The charge density dependencies of the Hall mobility and quantum scattering time were used to infer the dominant scattering mechanisms. We found that the surface proximity induces significant band bending and an asymmetric placement of the charge distribution in the well. The result is an increase in interface roughness scattering, which reduces the mobility and the quantum scattering time values. In addition, the quantum scattering time is sensitive to scattering off charged impurities, remote or close to the well. Top doping restores the band profile symmetry and improves the transport. A symmetric profile, however, lowers the expectations for a strong spin–orbit coupling and spintronic applications.
CMV high-risk status and posttransplant outcomes in kidney transplant recipients treated with belatacept.

Introduction Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains associated with poor outcomes after kidney transplantation (kTx). The impact of belatacept on CMV infection remains understudied. In this study, we assessed the impact of belatacept on patient and graft survivals. Methods CMV seronegative kTx recipients were included. Patient and graft survival were studied using Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test. Cox models were used to compare outcomes by CMV risk and immunosuppressive regimen. Incidence and persistence of CMV viremia under belatacept vs tacrolimus were compared. Results Among 308 CMV seronegative recipients, 168 CMV high-risk and 203 belatacept-treated patients were included. High-risk CMV status was associated with lower patient survival and graft survival. Among the CMV high-risk group, patients treated with belatacept presented a higher incidence of CMV viremia, a higher rate of first-line treatment failure and a longer time to virus clearance. They had a nonsignificant trend toward a lower graft survival. Conclusion Belatacept-based maintenance immunosuppression is associated with an increased risk of CMV primary-infection and a prolonged course of viral replication in CMV high-risk patients. Further studies are needed to confirm the nonsignificant trend towards a lower graft survival in CMV high-risk patients treated with belatacept and whether it is explained by the higher risk of CMV reactivation and infection.
Reconsidering Hilberseimer’s Chicago

The German architect and urbanist Ludwig Hilberseimer spent the second half of his career as an internationally influential urbanist, author, and educator while living and working in Chicago. The city of Chicago provided both context and content to inform his theories of planning the American city. While in Chicago, Hilberseimer taught hundreds of students, authored dozens of publications, and conceived of his most significant and enduring professional projects. Yet, in spite of these three decades of work on and in Chicago, the relationship between Hilberseimer’s planning proposals and the specific urban history of his adopted hometown remains obscure. This commentary reconsiders the role that Chicago played in Hilberseimer’s work as well as the impact that his work had on the planning of the city.
Psychological Flexibility and Inflexibility as Sources of Resiliency and Risk during a Pandemic: Modeling the Cascade of COVID-19 Stress on Family Systems with a Contextual Behavioral Science Lens

ABSTRACT Background The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and the historic economic shutdown and stay-at-home efforts to slow its spread have radically impacted the lives of families across the world, completely disrupting routines and challenging them to adjust to new health risks as well as to new work and family demands. The current study applied a contextual behavioral science lens to the spillover hypothesis of Family Systems Theory to develop a multi-stage mechanistic model for how COVID-19 stress could impact family and child functioning and how parents’ psychological flexibility could shape those processes. Methods A total of 742 coparents (71% female; 84% Caucasian, 85% married, M = 41 years old) of children (ages 5-18, M = 9.4 years old, 50% male) completed an online survey from March 27th to the end of April, 2014. Results Path analyses highlighted robust links from parent inflexibility to all components of the model, predicting: greater COVID-19 stress, greater coparenting discord and family discord, greater caustic parenting, and greater parent and child distress. Parent flexibility was associated with greater family cohesion, lower family discord and greater use of constructive parenting strategies (inductive, democratic/autonomy supportive, positive). Results further suggested that COVID-19 stressors predicted greater family and coparent discord, which in turn predicted greater use of caustic parenting (reactive, inconsistent, aggressive), which in turn predicted greater child and parent distress. Conclusions: The current results highlight parental flexibility and inflexibility as key points of intervention for helping families navigate the current global health crisis, highlighting the crucial role they play in the lives of families.
Parental rejection and fear of intimacy in the United States and Guatemala: Context and culture matter

The present study examined the relationship between perceived parental acceptance-rejection and fear of intimacy; explored psychological maladjustment and interpersonal relationship anxiety as mediators of this relationship; and examined whether the patterns of relations between perceived parental acceptance-rejection, psychological maladjustment, and fear of intimacy were similar across the cultural contexts of the U.S.A. and Guatemala. Participants (N = 196) were college students from Guatemala (n = 96; 77.6% female) and the U.S. (n = 100; 70% female). Results indicate that in both cultural contexts, perceived maternal rejection was associated with interpersonal relationship anxiety, and perceived paternal acceptance-rejection was associated with psychological maladjustment. However, only in the U.S.A. were both maternal and paternal rejection associated with fear of intimacy. Further, we found that perceived rejection from mothers and fathers was indirectly associated with greater fear of intimacy via greater psychological maladjustment in the U.S.A. sample. Findings suggest the importance of parent-child interactions on later outcomes, and the need to ensure that children feel warmth and acceptance for positive interpersonal relationships and adjustment later in life.
Epistemic Agency Under Oppression

The literature on epistemic injustice has been helpful for highlighting some of the epistemic harms that have long troubled those working in area studies that concern oppressed populations. Nonethe...
Sexual dimorphism in aging hematopoiesis: an earlier decline of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells in male than female mice

Adult hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) reside in the bone marrow (BM) ensuring homeostasis of blood production and immune response throughout life. Sex differences in immunocompetence and mortality are well-documented in humans. However, whether HSPCs behave dimorphically between sexes during aging remains unknown. Here, we show that a significant expansion of BM-derived HSPCs occurs in the middle age of female but in the old age of male mice. We then show that a decline of HSPCs in male mice, as indicated by the expression levels of select hematopoietic genes, occurs much earlier in the aging process than that in female mice. Sex-mismatched heterochronic BM transplantations indicate that the middle-aged female BM microenvironment plays a pivotal role in sustaining hematopoietic gene expression during aging. Furthermore, a higher concentration of the pituitary sex hormone follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum and a concomitant higher expression of its receptor on HSPCs in the middle-aged and old female mice than age-matched male mice, suggests that FSH may contribute to the sexual dimorphism in aging hematopoiesis. Our study reveals that HSPCs in the BM niches are possibly regulated in a sex-specific manner and influenced differently by sex hormones during aging hematopoiesis.
Breaking down hidden barriers

CO2 capture and its electrochemical conversion to valorized products are energy-intense processes. Now, researchers report that judicious control of the electrode interface and reactant transport unlock a lower energy pathway allowing direct conversion of CO2 from the captured state to CO.
Satisfaction, willingness, and well-being: Examining the perceptions of a statewide sample of public and private foster parents

Abstract Foster parents are a critical resource and make a significant difference in the lives of children. This article examines the quantitative feedback on the Foster Parent Perception and Satisfaction Scale (FPPSS) from a statewide sample of public and private foster parents (n = 255) in a southern state. Results indicate that perceptions of accomplishment and personal impact were the primary predictors of overall role satisfaction. However, the foster parents’ willingness to accept the placement of a child that is a) LGBTQ or b) different than themselves (e.g. religion, race/ethnicity, and other requested preferences such as age, special need, sibling group) also significantly predicted their overall satisfaction though inversely with respect to LQBTQ foster children. Significant differences were found between the public and private foster parents with respect to their satisfaction with their state caseworker, preparedness, foster agency, overall level of satisfaction, and their willingness to accept the placement of a teenager and of a child with a difference. Implications for training further research with public and private foster agencies are provided.
Impact of technogenic dust pollution from the closed mining enterprise in the Amur Region on the ecosphere and human health

Environmental protection is a complex ecological and economic problem, including the need to develop and implement a number of environmental protection measures to mitigate the negative impact of mining waste on all natural environment components and human health. In this regard, the study purpose was to assess the impact of Pb, Cd, Cr, and As compounds on the environment and health of the population of the Solnechny miner’s village. Based on the purpose, the following tasks were set: 1) review and systematization of literature data on the problem of technogenic dust pollution; 2) assessment of the mining industrial system as a source of ecosystem pollution with toxic elements within the closed mining enterprises impact areas; 3) development of proposals for mitigating the impact of mining activities on ecosystems and human health. The paper presents the findings of the study of the elemental status of children and adolescents living within the closed town-forming enterprise JSC Solnechny GOK impact area. The relationship between the level of technogenic pollution of the natural environment and the changes in the elemental status of the children was shown. A feature of the elemental status of the children in the study group was high content of heavy metals, including Pb, Cr, and As. Our research confirmed the data that a growing child’s body actively adsorbs compounds of toxic chemical elements. Deficiency and imbalance of microelements in the body can cause ecologically-related diseases in the child population. Individual and population carcinogenic risks (CR) caused by the As, Pb, and Cr pollution were calculated. In accordance with the acceptance criteria for the risk caused by exposure to the pollutants, the individual carcinogenic risk CR (Cr) = 1,05 · 10–3 belongs to the fourth range and is unacceptable neither for the population, nor for occupational groups. This is De manifestis risk, and when it is reached, it is necessary to carry out emergency curative measures to mitigate it. The individual risks CR (As) = 7,05 · 10–4 also exceed the acceptable level for the population. This level of pollution is subject to permanent monitoring, requires development and implementation of planned curative measures to improve the indicators of the human environment, one of which is the organization of the environmental monitoring system in the study area.
For what shall we give thanks? On gratitude, justice, and the gospel of Christ:

While exhortations to gratitude are present throughout the Bible, contemporary theological scholarship on gratitude has been limited, largely following the lead of secular research. To engage in de...
Agrobiodiversity change in violent conflict and post-conflict landscapes

Abstract The analysis of agrobiodiversity has mostly neglected conditioning by violent conflict and related processes of social and agrarian change. Similarly, the violent conflicts literature has rarely considered interactions with agrobiodiversity, which involves social as well as biophysical processes. Considering their frequent spatial overlaps around the world, this paper introduces a themed issue investigating how agrobiodiversity and violent (post)conflicts transform each other and are often interdependent. To do so, we bring into dialogue previously disparate lines of research and present the empirical and theoretical contributions of the papers included in the themed issue. Based on this collective work, we call for further synthesis, whereby research working on agrobiodiversity meet and converge with research on violent conflict from various disciplines. The papers that compose this issue evidence how an integrative approach is not only analytically beneficial but also necessary for research supporting the sustainable resolution of conflict, the related conservation of agrobiodiversity and equitable human-environment relations.
Handbook of Personality Assessment

Preface. I. Basic Considerations. 1. History of personality assessment. Early Events. Emergence of Personality Psychology. World War II and the Expansion of Clinical Psychology. Trends Over Time: Shrinkage and Growth. Concluding Comments. 2. The personality assessment process. Purposes of Personality Assessment. Preparing for Personality Assessments. Conducting Personality Assessments. Interpreting Personality Assessment Data. Reporting Personality Assessment Findings. 3. Psychometric Foundations Of Assessment. Reliability. Validity. Clinical Decision Making. Impediments to Accurate Decisions. Concluding Comment. 4. Ethical considerations in personality assessment. Student Disclosure of Personal Information. Bases for Assessments. Use of Assessments. Informed Consent in Assessments. Release of Test Data. Interpreting Assessment Results. Assessment by Unqualified Persons. Obsolete Tests and Outdated Test Results. Test Scoring and Interpretation Services. Explaining Assessment Results. Maintaining Test Security. Training Students in Psychological Assessment. Diversity. II. Self-Report Inventories. 5. Overview of self-report inventories. Nature of Self-Report Instruments. Item Characteristics. Methods of Scale Development. Administration and Scoring. Standardization Group. Validity Assessment. Interpretive Process. 6. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. History. Administration. Scoring. Assessing Validity. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 7. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-A. History. Administration. Scoring. Assessing Validity. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 8. Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III. History. Administration. Scoring. Assessing Validity. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 9. Personality Assessment Inventory. History. Administration. Scoring. Assessing Validity. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 10. NEO Personality Inventory-Revised. History. Administration. Scoring. Assessing Validity. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. III. Performance-Based Measures. 11. Rorschach Inkblot Method. Nature of the Rorschach Inkblot Method. History. Administration. Coding and Scoring. Interpretation: Structural Variables. Interpretation--Thematic Variables. Interpretation--Card Pull. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 12. Thematic Apperception Test. Nature of the Thematic Apperception Test. History. Administration. Coding. Interpretation: Card Pull. Interpretation: Story Meaning. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 13. Figure drawing methods. Nature and History of Figure Drawing Methods. Administration and Scoring. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. 14. Sentence completion methods. Nature of Sentence Completion Methods. History. Administration. Scoring. Interpretation. Applications. Psychometric Foundations. Appendix. Computer Generated Interpretive Reports. Author Index. Subject Index.
Growth and the Size Distribution of Firms

This paper describes an analytically tractable model of balanced growth that is consistent with the observed size distribution of firms. Growth is the result of idiosyncratic firm productivity improvements, selection of successful firms, and imitation by potential entrants. The empirical phenomon of Zipf's law can be interpreted to mean that entry costs are high and that imitation is difficult. Lowering barriers to entry tends to speed up the rate at which selection improves aggregate productivity, and this increases the growth rate of the economy.
Developing a Successful HIV Vaccine

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) genome integration indicates that persistent sterilizing immunity will be needed for a successful vaccine candidate. This suggests a need for broad antibodies targeting the Env protein. Immunogens targeting gp120 have been developed that block infection in monkeys and mimic the modest success of the RV144 clinical trial in that protection is short-lived following a decline in antibody-depending cell-mediated cytotoxicity–like antibodies. Attempts to induce antibody persistence have been complicated by a loss of efficacy, presumably by increasing the number of HIV-target cells. The key seems to be achieving an immune balance.
Comparing the yeast retrograde response and NF-κB stress responses: implications for aging.

Summary The mitochondrial retrograde response has been extensively described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where it has been found to extend life span during times of mitochondrial dysfunction, damage or low nutrient levels. In yeast, the retrograde response genes (RTG) convey these stress responses to the nucleus to change the gene expression adaptively. Similarly, most classes of higher organisms have been shown to have some version of a central stress-mediating transcription factor, NF-κB. There have been several modifications along the phylogenetic tree as NF-κB has taken a larger role in managing cellular stresses. Here, we review similarities and differences in mechanisms and pathways between RTG genes in yeast and NF-κB as seen in more complex organisms. We perform a structural homology search and reveal similarities of Rtg proteins with eukaryotic transcription factors involved in development and metabolism. NF-κB shows more sophisticated functions when compared to RTG genes including participation in immune responses and induction of apoptosis under high levels of ROS-induced mitochondrial and nuclear DNA damage. Involvement of NF-κB in chromosomal stability, coregulation of mitochondrial respiration, and cross talk with the TOR (target of rapamycin) pathway points to a conserved mechanism also found in yeast.
How to beat the sphere-packing bound with feedback

The sphere-packing bound $E_{sp}(R)$ bounds the reliability function for fixed-length block-codes. For symmetric channels, it remains a valid bound even when strictly causal noiseless feedback is allowed from the decoder to the encoder. To beat the bound, the problem must be changed. While it has long been known that variable-length block codes can do better when trading-off error probability with expected block-length, this correspondence shows that the {\em fixed-delay} setting also presents such an opportunity for generic channels. While $E_{sp}(R)$ continues to bound the tradeoff between bit error and fixed end-to-end latency for symmetric channels used {\em without} feedback, a new bound called the ``focusing bound'' gives the limits on what can be done with feedback. If low-rate reliable flow-control is free (ie. the noisy channel has strictly positive zero-error capacity), then the focusing bound can be asymptotically achieved. Even when the channel has no zero-error capacity, it is possible to substantially beat the sphere-packing bound by synthesizing an appropriately reliable channel to carry the flow-control information.