cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Chronic pelvic actinomycosis following a bone anchored sling procedure.

Pelvic actinomycosis is a rare disease that has most commonly been reported in intrauterine device users. To our knowledge we report the first case of chronic pelvic actinomycosis following a bone anchored sling procedure. CASE REPORT A 58-year-old woman presented with a chronic, foul smelling vaginal discharge. Four years earlier she had undergone a bone anchored suburethral sling procedure for stress urinary incontinence using titanium bone anchors with preattached polypropylene sutures and a gelatin coated polypropylene sling. Fourteen months later she complained of increased vaginal discharge and underwent transvaginal excision and removal of the sling elsewhere. However, the bone anchors and polypropylene sutures were left in situ. On sling cultures Actinomyces israelii was isolated, and the patient received a 6-month course of oral penicillin. Despite these measures, the vaginal discharge persisted. On initial pelvic examination she was noted to have bilateral periurethral tracts, which seemed to be leading to the pubic rami. They were surrounded by granulation tissue and were draining a yellowish discharge. The patient underwent revision of these tracts while under general anesthesia. As suspected, they led to the posterior pubic bone where the titanium bone anchors were embedded, with polypropylene sutures attached. A 70-degree cystoscope facilitated direct visualization of both anchors. The sutures as well as the right bone anchor, which had extruded from the bone, were easily removed. The left bone anchor was deeply embedded in the bone without any evidence of abscess or surrounding bony destruction. All attempts to remove it were unsuccessful. An orthopedist was consulted, who agreed that the morbidity associated with transabdominal removal of this engaged an
Clinical trials in the new millennium.

Since the introduction of the randomized clinical trial (RCT) over 50 years ago, this method has become the corner stone for evaluating new pharmacologic or biologic agents with many disease areas benefiting. There are numerous examples demonstrating beneficial interventions as well as others either not beneficial or harmful. Statistical methodology for clinical trials has grown rapidly. Advances in information technology for data collection have allowed trials to be conducted around the world. Academia, industry and government have worked in partnership to conduct RCTs. Despite these many RCT achievements, the most interesting and challenging era of clinical trials lies ahead of us. With the human genome now sequenced, we face a new set of challenges to transform vast amounts of data into useful information. The post-genomics era will better identify the disease mechanism and thus help design better treatments, and be more selective in screening patients, yielding more efficient clinical trials. For some areas of medicine, such as medical devices, standards of acceptance and regulatory approval are changing. Other areas, such as medical procedures and alternative medicines, are generally not well evaluated and could benefit greatly from a wider use of RCT methodology. As the ICH guidelines facilitate and encourage international clinical trials, the scientific and ethical dimension of conducting trials in Third World countries are raised. For example, Western society's best standard of care may not be available or affordable to these countries as the control Western investigators should not exploit patients in the Third World. Those and many other challenges face us in the decade ahead. It is truly an exciting time with new opportunities for the RCT to contribute to medicine and health care or prevention. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Digital Human Modeling: Kinematics and Statics

Digital human modeling has become an active research and development field since 1980’s [1]-[9]. The primary applications include engineering design and validation, digital ergonomic assessment and evaluation, digital simulation and verification of product design and assembling, etc. In history, to simulate a human and motion in a digital environment, people often hired a real person and installed a number of sensors, called a flog of birds, over the entire human body for motion captures. In other words, each sensor would be capable of sensing and transmitting a 3D-coordinate signal at each time instant, and generate a sequence of points as a trajectory by a recorder or a camera. If all the sensors are installed to cover every major marker point over the human body, then a complete motion is captured and ready to playback in a computer. Therefore, the motion capture can reproduce a realistic motion and most Hollywood computer-created movies are made by this technology. The drawback is obvious that each capture can record and generate only one single motion, and has to capture another live motion again for any update or change.
Calcium channels in neurological disease

Channels involved in the influx and intracellular mobilization of calcium have been implicated as targets of diverse genetic and immune-mediated neurological diseases. These include the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel of skeletal muscle (hypokalemic periodic paralysis), the neuronal P/Q-type voltage-gated calcium channel (familial hemiplegic migraine, episodic ataxia type 2, spinocerebellar ataxia 6, and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome), and the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (malignant hyperthermia and central core disease). The discovery of these and other calcium channelopathies should help to clarify how different mutations affect channel function and how altered channel function produces disease, and may lead to new treatments for these conditions.
Sulfur amino acid metabolism limits the growth of children living in environments of poor sanitation

Abstract Environmental enteropathy has been identified as a cause of poor growth in children living in low-income countries, but a mechanism has not been well defined. We suggest changes in sulfur amino acid metabolism can in part explain the poor growth and possibly the histological changes in the small bowel, which is the hallmark of environmental enteropathy. In environments of poor sanitation, where infection is common, we propose increased oxidative stress drives methionine metabolism toward cystathionine synthesis. This “cystathionine siphon” limits sulfur amino acids from participating in critical protein synthesis pathways. Increased expression of cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) could be one mechanism, as lipopolysaccharide and TNFα increase activity of this enzyme in vivo. CBS catalyzes the first of two steps in the transsulfuration pathway that converts homocysteine to cysteine. As enterocytes are one of the most rapidly proliferating cells in the body, we suggest diminished translation might also be important in the barrier failure observed in environmental enteropathy. Identifying sulfur amino acid metabolism as a mechanism leading to poor growth provides a new testable hypothesis for the undernutrition observed in children living in settings of poor sanitation.
La catégorie de l’aspect en français

L’aspect est une categorie universelle dont l’expression prototypique est traditionnellement attribuee aux langues slaves. En faisant reference aux principes de la definition de l’aspect en langues slaves (sur l’exemple du russe), l’article pose la question de savoir si la categorie de l’aspect se presente en francais en tant que categorie grammaticale. La reponse a cette question est liee a la comprehension et a la definition du sens grammatical de la categorie de l’aspect et de sa mise en forme. L’opposition systematique de l’expression verbale de la duree delimitee par rapport a la duree relativement non delimite du proces peut etre consideree comme la propriete fondamentale de la categorie de l’aspect, et s’applique donc au francais. Elle est examinee pour le tiroir du passe. La nature complexe de la categorie grammaticale de l’aspect en francais est examinee par rapport aux valeurs aspectuelles des langues slaves, a savoir : 1) la duree du proces (delimite / non delimitee) ; 2) la nature du proces (telicite potentielle/reelle, inchoativite) ; 3) l’evaluation subjective du proces (sa duree, son importance…) ; 4) l’ordre des proces (coincidence et succession) ; 5) la relation (ontologique et logique) entre les proces. L’opposition aspectuelle en francais permet d’exprimer, d’une part, la relation temporelle objective entre les proces ; d’autre part, l’evaluation subjective du proces ; enfin, d’accentuer des relations ontologique et logique de l’ordre des proces pour exprimer leur perception.
Diversity and Social Capital in the U.S: A Tale of Conflict, Contact or Total Mistrust?

In this paper we explore the relationship between ethnic fractionalization and social capital. First, we test for time differences in the impact of ethnic fractionalization on social capital using U.S. data from 1990, 1997 and 2005. Subsequently we examine the data for evidence of the conflict, contact and hunker-down theories espoused by Putman in explaining what happens over time when individuals interact with those of differing ethnicities. We find no evidence of heterogeneity in the impact of ethnic fractionalization on social capital over time. In addition we find evidence of the conflict theory and no evidence of hunker-down or contact theories. Our results suggest that as communities become more diverse, there is a tendency for social capital to decline.
Application of Iterative Consensus to Multiple-Output Functions

A limitation in the application of the technique of iterative consensus to multiple-output functions is discussed. A brief example is given, and a solution to the limitation is offered.
A graph analysis of the relationship between population density and social pathology

This article deals with systematic variables--population density and pathological effects--at the level of a community or organizational system. Existing studies of the relationship between population density and social pathology (e.g., mortality, mental illness) in humans have failed to determine a strictly causal relationship between density and pathology in a linear model. They have not established a direct link between density and pathology in a simple two-variable, linear causal approach. Eliminating other variables by statistical control has obscured the conditions of a complex phenomenon. By incorporating socioeconomic variables into a general system model, this paper suggests that the total configuration of social organization, adaptation, previous group experience, and environment determine the effects of population density. Using a method of graph analysis, a model is presented of the relationship between population density and social pathology which has a high degree of isomorphism with the empirical situation.
Complex hydrides for hydrogen storage.

Note: Times Cited: 875 Reference EPFL-ARTICLE-206025doi:10.1021/cr0501846View record in Web of Science URL: ://WOS:000249839900009 Record created on 2015-03-03, modified on 2017-05-12
Mitigating attacks against virtual coordinate based routing in wireless sensor networks

Virtual coordinate system (VCS) based routing provides a practical, efficient and scalable means for point-to-point routing in wireless sensor networks. Several VCS-based routing protocols have been proposed in the last few years, all assuming that nodes behave correctly. However, many applications require deploying sensor networks in adversarial environments, making VCS-based routing protocols vulnerable to numerous attacks.In this paper, we study the security of VCS-based routing protocols. We first identify novel attacks targeting the underlying virtual coordinate system. The attacks can be mounted with little resource, yet are epidemic in nature and highly destructive to system performance. We then propose lightweight defense mechanisms against each of the identified attacks. Finally, we evaluate experimentally the impact of the attacks and the effectiveness of our defense mechanisms using a well-known VCS-based routing protocol, BVR.
Computational study of carbon segregation and diffusion within a nickel grain boundary

Using density functional theory, we study the segregation and diffusion of carbon interstitials at a nickel R3 ð 11 2Þ tilt grain boundary (GB) as a function of C coverage and Ni magnetic state. We find that segregation is most favorable for a ‘‘checkerboard’’ configuration at a coverage of 1 monolayer in both non-magnetic (NM) and ferromagnetic (FM) states, with FM (NM) heats of segregation approaching � 0.5 (� 0.3) eV per C atom. Segregation is 0.1–0.2 eV stronger in the FM state, because C interstitials suppress Ni magnetism, and this suppression is minimized when C resides at the boundary. Carbon GB diffusion is predicted to be highly anisotropic: calculated energy barriers (Ea) for migration parallel to the ½1 10 � tilt axis are significantly smaller (Ea = 0.44–0.77 eV) than for lattice diffusion (Ea = 1.62 eV), while barriers perpendicular to ½1 10 � are comparable to those of lattice diffusion. Changes in barrier height due to Ni magnetism are (with one exception) relatively small, and are evident only when the diffusion pathway bisects highly compressed GB sites.
Optical Interconnection Based Symbolic Manipulations

Using arrays of optical bistable devices addressed and read out by arrays of holograms, we can make an optical symbolic computer that can learn languages, play games, invent stories, etc.
Insight without awareness: On the interaction of verbalization, instruction and practice in a simulated process control task.

Four experiments in which subjects learned to control two versions of a complex simulated process control task show that verbalizable knowledge of procedures used to perform these tasks is very limited and is acquired late in learning. Individual learning curves associated with these tasks showed sudden improvements in performance, which were not accompanied by a similar increase in verbalizable knowledge. It was also found that verbal instructions consisting of exemplar memorization, strategies for rule induction, simple heuristics, and experts' instructions were all effective in enhancing novice subjects' performance. A theoretical framework is proposed in which subjects draw on two separate but interacting knowledge structures to perform these tasks. One knowledge structure is based on memory for past experiences (close analogies), and the other is based on one's current mental model of the task. Implicit sets of competing rules that control response selection are derived from both sources of knowledge...
Wavelength-Agile Laser Sensors for Measuring Gas Properties in Engines

Internal combustion engines present a harsh environment for optical sensors, owing to challenges such as high pressures, multiple phases, and window fouling. Fortunately, a new class of "wavelength-agile" light sources that rapidly scan through a broad wavelength range facilitates accurate absorption spectroscopy in engines. Gas temperature and species concentrations can be monitored with fast time response (down to ∼ 1 μs). Here, two strategies for generating wavelength-agile light are introduced. We present in-cylinder results obtained by applying one of the strategies to monitor gas temperature and H 2 O concentration during compression in a single-cylinder optical engine operating in HCCI mode. Such data will be useful for improving the understanding of engine phenomena and offer the potential for active engine control.
Shock Isolation Through Translational-to-Rotational Energy Transference

The design of isolation mounts is of critical importance in the protection of structures and sensitive equipment from damage or failure. Simultaneous protection from both shock and vibration is particularly challenging because of the broadband nature of the input signal and because of the deleterious effect of damping on high-frequency isolation. Prior work by the authors has shown that chains of translating mass/spring elements can act as a “mechanical filter” for input disturbances. However, in finite-length chains, wave reflections can result in secondary pulses that hit the structure and can diminish the effectiveness of the isolator. In this paper, a new type of isolator is developed that converts translational input forces into a combination of translational and rotational motion. If designed correctly, the rotational motion can be managed so that it does not result in additional forces transmitted to the structure. In effect, the isolator is able to trap some of the input energy into rotational vibration, preventing it from reaching the structure. Parametric simulation studies are conducted as various system parameters are varied.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
An Experimental Investigation on the Performance and the Wake Characteristics of a Wind Turbine Subjected to Surge Motion

There are many advantages of floating wind turbines in deep waters, however, there are also significant technological challenges associated with it too. The dynamic excitation of wind and waves will induce excessive motions along each of the 6 degrees of freedom (6-DOF) of the floating platforms. These motions will then be transferred to the turbine, and directly impact the turbines’ performance and loadings. Advanced diagnostic technique methods were employed in order to elucidate the underlying physics of a wind turbine subjected to surge motion. In the absence of a combined wind-wave basin, and in order to replicate the dynamics of the surge motion of a floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT), a 1:300 scaled model wind turbine was installed on a high precision 3-DOF motion simulator device in a well-controlled, closed loop, dry-boundary layer wind tunnel. The inflow conditions of the wind tunnel were matched to that corresponding to the deep-water offshore environment. A Froude scaling method was employed in order to obtain the correct forces and responses on the floating turbine. In the case of the surge motion and in comparison with a traditional bottom-fixed turbine, the results of the wake study does show slight decrease in the entrainment of the turbulent kinetic energy from the high energy flow above the turbine. A slight increase in power output was also noted.
Safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation with aflibercept and FOLFIRI in a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer.

Background A vast majority of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are not candidates for surgical resection. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe and effective technique for treatment of isolated liver metastasis. After radiofrequency ablation, residual tumor can have aggressive growth, part of which is driven by the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Angiogenesis inhibitor bevacuzimab has been used in the management of mCRC with RFA. We present a patient with recurrent colorectal cancer and four hepatic metastases who was treated with RFA combined with aflibercept, another VEGF inhibitor and systemic chemotherapy. We believe that this is the first report of using aflibercept with RFA. Case report A 35-year-old female with stage IV rectal cancer with metastasis to a lymph node and multiple hepatic metastases was treated with chemo-radiation, surgical resection of the tumor and surgical resection of two segments of the liver. She underwent RFA of the hepatic lesions that could not be resected. She received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and oxaliplatin for a total of 6 months. However, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan showed progression of disease with new and growing lymph nodes. She was treated with 6 cycles of capecitabine monotherapy. A follow-up PET scan showed four new liver lesions. She has RFA of her four liver lesions and was started on a combination of aflibercept and FOLFIRI. She received 10 cycles and a repeat magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET scan showed stable disease. Discussion This is the first reported case of a patient managed with RFA with aflibercept, an anti-VEGF agent, and FOLFIRI. This case showed both efficacy, as well as safety for the combined modalities in the management of mCRC.
Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Indicates Reduced Baroreceptor-Related Heart Rate Variability in Elderly Persons

Spectral analysis of the cardiac interbeat interval was used to examine baroreceptor-related supine and standing heart rate variability (HRV) in young (less than 40 years of age) and elderly (greater than 60 years of age) healthy volunteers. Heart rates and blood pressures were examined also. When supine, average heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and HRV for the young volunteers were 66.5 bpm, 113.0/64.3 mmHg, and 5.74 log units of relative power, respectively. The same values for the elderly group were 65.4 bpm, 126.3/74.0 mmHg, and 4.43 log units. Statistical analysis revealed that, compared to the young volunteers, supine elderly volunteers had similar heart rates, higher blood pressures, and lower baroreceptor HRV. There was little change in blood pressure in either group upon standing. However, upon standing, heart rate increased 17.7 bpm and baroreceptor HRV increased to 6.58 (+ 14.6%) in the younger volunteers. This was significantly different from the elderly volunteers, whose heart rate increased by only 10.9 bpm and their HRV to 4.72 (+ 6.5%). These results indicate that much of the reduction in HRV in old age results from decreases in baroreceptor modulation of heart rate. In addition, the difference between young and old persons is greatest in the standing position because elderly individuals exhibit less recruitment of baroreceptor activity with postural change.
Hyperfine Structure of the 2 3 S 1 State of He 3

The zero-field hyperfine structure of the metastable $2^{3}S_{1}$ state of ${\mathrm{He}}^{3}$ has been measured by the optical pumping magnetic resonance method. The hyperfine transitions in a weak magnetic field were observed at low temperature in order to achieve narrow linewidths. Discussions of the theory of the hyperfine structure, the theory of the experiment, the apparatus, and the experimental procedure are presented. The final value for the hyperfine structure is 6739 701177 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 16 Hz on the $A\ensuremath{-}1$ time scale. The fractional pressure shift of the hyperfine structure is (-7.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}9}$/Torr. The theoretical and experimental values for the hyperfine structure are compared, and the dependence on the nuclear structure is discussed.
Progresses on Analytical Techniques for Cd Determination

A riview with 37 references is given on progresses on the analytical methods of heavy metal cadmium including atomic adsorption spectrometry,hydride generation-atomic fluorenscence spectrometry,inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy,spectrophotometry,and electrochemical techniques at present.The basic characteristics and application fields of each method are introduced,and the advantages and disadvantages are also discussed.Finally,the new trends and development of analytical methods in the future are proposed.It is of great significance to understand the environmental pollution chemistry and ecotoxicology of cadmium.
Laboratory Study of Different Injection Flooding in the Test Area of High Concentration

In order to enhance oil recovery,the method of tapping the potential for residual oil is researched for,and to further improve the theoretical system of polymer flooding.The adaptability of different injection ways to the test area of high concentration is studied through the indoor physical simulation experiment,and then the optimized combination of slug is selected in order to provide reference for the program design for the experimental area.Mainly carried out:(1) The study of flooding effects of the same polymer,different concentrations,and single-section of Sierra Leone : 25 million refinery ultra-high points and 7 million salt-resistant polymer have been adopted,in which ultra-high sub-25 million refinery injected polymer concentration 1 000 mg / L,1 500 mg / L,2 000 mg / L,2 500 mg / L,3 000 mg / L concentration of 5 points,another 7 million into the salt-resistant polymer concentration of 800 mg / L,1 100 mg / L,1 400 mg / L,1 700 mg / L,2 000 mg / L concentration of point 5,polymer flooding after water flooding experimental research has been carried out,the recovery of different stages,moisture content variation,determining the timing adjustment of polymer injection are got,concentration of the best injection,polymer dosage,and the final effect of enhanced oil recovery of two kinds of polymer flooding alone are optimized;(2)The study of flooding effects of the same polymer,different concentrations,Multi-slug combination :by using sub-25 million ultra-high polymer,concentrations of injection are 2500 mg/L,2000 mg/L,1200 mg/L,the total volume of polymer is 2000mg/L.PV,through the changes in the size of slug,combined into four sets of programs,the final follow-up to 98% of water flooding into the water,arrived at a different degree of control program flow of oil displacement effect,25 million different concentrations of polymer slug echelon combinations and the effect of enhanced oil recovery are evaluated to determine.(3)The study of flooding effects of different polymer,different concentrations,multi-slug combination: according to the first results of the experiment refining high points,and another 25 million the appropriate concentration of salt-resistant polymer 7 million have been identified,the total polymer dosage is 2 000 mg/L·PV,the changes of injection pressure,integrated moisture content,suction fluid index and recovery of three sets of programs are measured,flooding effects of different polymers,different concentrations,multi-slug combination being evaluated,different concentrations of more than two kinds of polymer slug combination of oil displacement effect being evaluated to determine.Last,through a comprehensive comparison of recovery Level,pressure and polymer dosage of three kinds of programs,best injection programs of test area of high concentration have been identified.
Television and Children's Executive Function

Children spend a lot of time watching television on its many platforms: directly, online, and via videos and DVDs. Many researchers are concerned that some types of television content appear to negatively influence children's executive function. Because (1) executive function predicts key developmental outcomes, (2) executive function appears to be influenced by some television content, and (3) American children watch large quantities of television (including the content of concern), the issues discussed here comprise a crucial public health issue. Further research is needed to reveal exactly what television content is implicated, what underlies television's effect on executive function, how long the effect lasts, and who is affected.
Perinatal transport to a regional perinatal center in a metropolitan area: Maternal versus neonatal transport.

A prospective study was undertaken to evaluate antenatal maternal referral, acute maternal transport, and neonatal transport to a regional perinatal center in a metropolitan area. During an 18-month period, there were 143 antenatal maternal referrals, 254 antenatal maternal transports, and 506 neonatal transports. Indications for the antenatal referrals were maternal diseases of a chronic nature. This group had a 28.7% incidence of delivery by primary cesarean section, a 15.8% incidence of low–birth weight infants, and a 30.8% incidence of neonatal admissions to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). The perinatal mortality rate was 13.7 per thousand which compares favorably with that of low-risk obstetric patients. Indications for the antenatal maternal transports were mainly premature labor and/or premature rupture of the membranes and third-trimester bleeding. There was a 37% incidence of delivery by primary cesarean section and a 71.5% incidence of low–birth weight infants, and 77.4% of the newborn infants were admitted to the NICU. The perinatal mortality rate was 137.4 per thousand live births. Compared to postnatal neonatal transports, the neonates transported antenatally had a slightly higher mortality rate which was not statistically significant. One hundred thirty-one neonates transported antenatally could be matched in sequential order of admission with 131 neonates transported postnatally of comparable birth weights and gestational ages. Although there was a significant increase in the incidence of delivery by cesarean section among the mothers transported antenatally, the neonates in this group had a significantly lower incidence of respiratory distress syndrome and other morbidity and a shorter hospitalization. This study suggests that antenatal referrai and transport of high-risk parturient patients to a regional perinatal center may significantly decrease neonatal morbidity and length of hospitalization.
Operation and control

This chapter discusses operation and control aspects related to the system architectures presented in Chapter 7. The basic focus in this chapter is on discussing control strategies that can mitigate stability issues found in systems in which most of the loads have power electronic interfaces that make them operate as CPLs. Another major focus of this chapter is on control systems architecture and methodologies, especially oriented toward autonomous controls. This chapter presents advanced control concepts, including nonlinear and game-theoretic techniques, and concepts related to linear and geometric controllers for converters operation with CPLs. Autonomous controls of LAPES Some of the goals in relying on a LAPES for powering loads are to achieve higher power supply availability than from a bulk power grid and to realize more flexible and optimal ways to utilize electric power at a local level. However, the mere use of local distributed generation units does not necessarily imply a local improvement in system availability or efficiency over conventional grids, as it is commonly implied [1]. As explained in Chapter 2, to achieve high availability a system needs to maintain full operation even when one or more failures occur, i.e., it needs to be fault tolerant. One of the main premises in the design of fault-tolerant systems is to avoid single points of failure. Some of the microgrid architectures currently proposed have a centralized controller that controls the power flow from each source and monitors the overall system condition [2]. This control architecture has several disadvantages, including limited flexibility and high risk of failure due to the presence of a single point of failure in the controller [3]. In some cases, critical components of systems with centralized controllers are designed to maintain the configuration and operational state so the entire system does not fail if the controller fails. However, keeping the system functioning is often achieved at the expense of some operational features, such as energy efficiency. Implementation of other desired operational functions, such as current sharing among source interfaces, may also affect system availability. Current sharing is implemented to balance operational stresses in power sources’ electronic interfaces. In a system with current sharing, source interfaces are controlled so they all have output currents proportional to their power ratings.
The Specters Come Back to Life: Rojo amanecer and El Bulto

This chapter examines the manner in which the films Rojo Amanecer (1989) by Jorge Fons and El Bulto (1991) by Gabriel Retes extend the scope of discussion to include censorship as a discourse, and the possible ramifications of uncovering the history of Tlatelolco. Rojo Amanecer is the first nondocumentary film shot about the events of Tlatelolco, which in itself is a testament to the way in which this history was omitted from the national discourse for many years. El Bulto, on the other hand, presents a man who is beaten into a coma in 1971 and awakens 20 years later. He symbolizes a history that must be reinserted into the current historical reality that has gone on without him. His historical existence is one that is made possible through the negativity of his coma. He existed untouched and uncontaminated, shielded by negativity from Mexican progress for 20 years.
Investigation of Dopamine Analogues: Synthesis, Mechanistic Understanding, and Structure-Property Relationship.

Dopamine, perhaps the simplest molecule that covalently links catechol and amine, together with its derivatives, has shown impressive adhesive and coating properties with its polymers. However, the scope of the molecules is rather limited, and the polymerization mechanisms are still elusive. We designed a general synthetic scheme and successfully synthesized a series of dopamine analogues with different alkyl chain lengths between the catechol and amine. Taking these new dopamine analogues, together with the molecular systems that have separate catechol and alkyl amine, we show that having both catechol and amine in the molecular system, whether covalently linked via an alkyl chain or not, is sufficient to polymerize under a similar reaction condition to that of dopamine polymerization. However, the time-dependent UV–vis characterization of the individual polymerization indicates that the polymerization for individual molecular systems likely proceeds via different reaction intermediates, depending on the...
Genome‐editing technologies to improve research, reproduction, and production in pigs

The ability to directly manipulate the pig genome through genetic engineering has been available to the research community for over three decades. This technology has progressed from the random insertion of foreign DNA, via a variety of techniques (pronuclear microinjection, sperm mediated gene transfer, and integration of mobile genetic elements), to manipulation of endogenous genes, via homologous recombination in somatic cells followed by somatic cell nuclear transfer. Over the last few years, designer nucleases facilitated the development of techniques that provide efficient ways to introduce foreign DNA or to modify endogenous genes in eggs, zygotes, or somatic cells. Together, these genome-editing technologies have essentially removed the obstacles to gene manipulation in swine. Although the regulatory environment is still unclear for agricultural applications, genetic engineering of pigs will continue to advance biomedicine and biology. In addition, genetic engineering is now sufficiently simple and efficient that agricultural research can now ask basic and applied questions that are not hampered by limited funding.
Microstructural variation due to heat gradient of a thick friction stir welded aluminum 7449 alloy

Abstract Welding of precipitation strengthened (PS) aluminum alloys leads to a knockdown of mechanical properties in the weld zone. Reduced mechanical properties in the weld region, impact the design of load-bearing structures resulting in heavier engineering components. So far even friction stir welding (FSW), an advanced solid-state welding technique, has not solved the issue of a reduction in mechanical properties of PS aluminum alloys, especially in thick plates. This issue remains unresolved due to limited choice of processing conditions and the lack of clear insight into the FSW of precipitation strengthened Al alloys. The present study combines experimental and computational tools to maximize the strength of the welded structure of a PS Al 7449 alloy. A series of welds were made using various parameters, which ranged from cold runs (low rotational rate and high traverse speed) to hot runs (high rotational rate and low traverse speed). Even though the heat gradient is observed for all welds, and a difference is observed at the top and bottom of the nugget for all welds, a set of parameters (150 RPM/ 8 IPM) was chosen for microstructural evaluation. This particular combination showed significant higher hardness values at the bottom of the nugget compared to the base metal. The selection of FSW processing parameters were guided by a calibrated finite element thermal model of FSW. Because of the plate thickness, a significant heat gradient exists through the thickness of the weld, resulting in microstructural variations in the welded zone. Differential scanning calorimetry and transmission electron microscopy captured the microstructural evolution in the welded structure. Mechanical properties were measured using Vickers microhardness on the welded plates. The heat affected zone (HAZ) and the nugget were of primary interest. An improvement in HAZ has been observed after natural aging, while exceptionally high strength was observed at the bottom of the nugget region independent of the aged condition.
Does a Student's Personality Influence Global Attentiveness and Internationalism in an International Business Course?.

ABSTRACTLearning outcomes for international business (IB) courses are designed to do more than simply impart IB knowledge. However, past studies have had mixed results on the impact of learning in IB courses. This study examines whether a student’s personality may affect learning outcomes. The results suggest that after completing an IB course, students become more interested in keeping up with important international issues (i.e., global attentiveness) and also benefit from a stronger global outlook (i.e., internationalism). The Big Five personality trait, openness to experience, partially affected these learning outcomes. Students in our study with a high degree of openness to experience were the most global attentive before and after taking the IB course. However, openness to experience levels did not significantly influence levels of internationalism. Implications of this study and suggestions for future research are also discussed.
Radiographic and Neurological Outcome After Surgical Treatment of Traumatic Fractures of the Ankylotic Thoracic Spine: A Retrospective Case Series.

BACKGROUND Spontaneous thoracic ankylosis is a progressive degenerative process that predisposes patients to potentially highly unstable traumatic injuries. Acute hyperextension fractures result in dynamic instability putting the spinal cord at risk. OBJECTIVE To describe preoperative radiographic characteristics of fractures of the ankylotic thoracic spine and relate findings to early postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes. METHODS A single center, retrospective review was performed of 28 surgically treated patients with fractures of the ankylotic thoracic spine. Radiographic assessment included preoperative fracture angulation (FA) and fracture displacement (FD), and postoperative change in sagittal alignment. Early clinical outcomes included preoperative and postoperative American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grade and perioperative complications. RESULTS Seven patients (25%) presented with poor neurological grade (ASIA A-C) compared to 21 (75%) with good grade (ASIA D, E). At presentation, poor grade patients had a mean FA of 16.4° (range 0°-34.5°), and FD of 7.76 mm (range 0.8-9.2). Good grade patients had a mean FA of 18.2° (range 0°-43.3°), and FD of 4.77 mm (range 0-25.1). There was no statistically significant difference in FA or FD between groups (P = .70 and .20 respectively). All underwent posterior pedicle screw fixation for stabilization. Fifty per cent of patients presenting with ASIA C or D spinal cord injury improved 1 or more ASIA grades. There were no perioperative complications. Early postoperative sagittal alignment was maintained with a mean change of -2.6°. CONCLUSION Presenting fracture alignment does not significantly correlate with pre- or postoperative neurological status. Early posterior stabilization preserved neurological function, with neurological recovery occurring in a portion of individuals.
An evaluation of an interprofessional practice-based learning environment using student reflections.

ABSTRACTThe 12th Street Health and Wellness Center is an interprofessional, student-led, community-based clinic. Students from all University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences colleges work together to provide healthcare services for residents of an underserved community. Interprofessional student teams assess patients and present to an interprofessional preceptor team. At the conclusion of clinic, teams reflect on their experience. The objective of this study is to generate key themes from the end of clinic reflections to describe learning outcomes in an interprofessional practice environment. Student teams were asked to reflect on what they learned about patient care and interprofessional practice while volunteering at the clinic. Three hundred eighty reflection statements were assessed using the constant comparative approach with open coding by three researchers who identified and categorised themes by selecting key phrases from reflections. Eight themes emerged from this process which illuminated stude...
Interaction Between the μ-Opioid Receptor Gene and the Number of Heavy-Drinking Peers on Alcohol Use.

Background The presence of heavy drinking peers may trigger genetic vulnerabilities to alcohol use. Limited correlational findings, albeit mixed as a function of age, suggest that carriers of a μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1) G allele may be more vulnerable than noncarriers to alcohol-promoting perceived peer environments. However, research has not yet examined such genetic susceptibility to actual (rather than perceived) peer environments through an experimental, ad libitum alcohol administration design. The current study examined whether OPRM1 modulates the effects of heavy drinking group size on alcohol consumption and explored potential mediators of such OPRM1-based differences. Methods Caucasian young adult moderate to heavy drinkers (N = 116; mean age = 22 years [SD = 2.21], 49% female) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol in the presence of none, one, or three heavy drinking peer confederates. Results Results showed no significant moderating effects of OPRM1 in the relationship between the number (or presence) of heavy drinking peers and voluntary alcohol consumption (partial η2 = .01). This result remained the same after controlling for sex, age, and typical drinking quantity as well as their two-way interactions with OPRM1 and social drinking condition. In addition, OPRM1 did not moderate the peer influence on any proposed mediating variables, including craving for alcohol and subjective responses to alcohol. Conclusions Findings suggest no OPRM1-based susceptibility to the number of heavy drinking peers, adding to the existing mixed findings from correlational studies. Future research on OPRM1-related susceptibility to alcohol-promoting peer environments through meta-analytic synthesis and both experimental and prospective, multi-wave designs is needed to resolve these mixed findings. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
ERβ Sensitizes NSCLC to Chemotherapy by Regulating DNA Damage Response

The expression of wild-type estrogen receptor β (ESR2/ERβ1) correlates with clinical outcome in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the molecular mechanism that accounts for this association is currently poorly understood. ERβ1 was previously linked to chemotherapy response in patients with breast cancer and in breast cancer cells. The effect of the receptor in NSCLC cells after chemotherapy treatment, a common remedy for advanced NSCLC, has not been studied. Here, upregulation of ERβ1 increases the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to treatment with doxorubicin and etoposide. This effect was primarily observed in p53-defecient NSCLC cells. In these cells, ERβ1 either enhanced G2-M cell-cycle arrest by activating the checkpoint kinase 1 (Chk1) and altering downstream signaling or induced apoptosis. The expression of p63 target genes that control G2-M checkpoint activation was altered by ERβ1 suggesting an ERβ1-p63 transcriptional cooperation in lung cancer cells that affects DNA damage response (DDR). These results suggest involvement of ERβ1 in the mechanism that regulates DNA damage response in NSCLC cells and support the potential predictive and therapeutic value of the receptor in clinical management of the disease.Implications: This study demonstrating the impact of ERβ1 on chemosensitivity of NSCLC cells suggests the predictive value of the receptor for successful response of tumors to chemotherapy and the potential benefit of chemotherapy-treated patients from the use of ER ligands. Mol Cancer Res; 16(2); 233-42. ©2017 AACR.
Multiple excitation in free molecules

This lecture will be the only one in the book that will deal specifically with free molecules. It thus faces the problem of covering in a relatively short space a subject that is more complex than the corresponding one on atomic systems, and whose literature, in the case of certain experimental investigations, is more extensive. However, by making a limited selection of material, and by covering some material superficially, we should be able to obtain an overview and flavor of multiple electron excitation in molecules.
CLIMATIC DETERMINANTS IN CAMPUS DESIGN

ABSTRACT The demand for more energy responsive design throughout the world has given priority to use of a comprehensive environmental design approach to all physical development projects. Known techniques and expertise can be applied effectively in countries yet in the threshold of major growth. Sound climatic analysis and passive solar design concepts are vital ingredients of such successful future planning and design applications.
Simulation study of thermomechanical fatigue of quilt packaging interchip interconnects

Quilt Packaging QP is a new direct interchip interconnect through metal nodules on chip edges We have performed simulations to study the robustness of QP against fatigue failure For quilts on ceramic carriers thermal stresses are driven primarily by the adhesive between chip and carrier and we have simulated systems with different adhesives as well as different chip material combinations Simulations for the test system estimated cycles to failure over a temperature range of to C The simulation results suggest favorable material properties for solder and adhesive to use for QP or QP like interconnects