cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microwave transmission through films of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

We report measurements of the magnitude and phase of microwave transmission through thin films (1 \ensuremath{\mu}m) of the 90-K superconductor $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ on ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, MgO, and Zr${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ substrates. Real and imaginary parts of the conductivity, ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ and ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{2}$, were evaluated from the measurements by comparing with a calculation of the transmission for our experimental configuration. Both parts of the conductivity show qualitative agreement with Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer type conductivities. From ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ we find a range of gap values $\frac{2\ensuremath{\Delta}}{{k}_{B}{T}_{c}}=1.3 \mathrm{to} 6.5$. From the measured ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{1}$ the magnetic penetration depth can be evaluated.
Dynamics of topological defects in first order phase transitions

This a r t i c l e deals with some aspects of the theory of pattern formation involved in the k inet ics of f i r s t order phase t rans i t ions . I t is not meant to be comprehens ive, since recent reviews have dealt extensively with th is subject. I -3 The major emphasis w i l l be on one par t i cu la r theoret ical approach, the so-cal led dynamical theory of topological defects, We w i l l be p a r t i c u l a r l y concerned with how th is theory can be applied to experiments on real systems, as well as to computer simulat ion studies of model systems.
Hathor and Isis in Byblos in the Second and First Millennia BCE

The Egyptian goddesses Hathor and Isis both appear in Byblos under various guises and circumstances during the second and first millennia BCE. In fact, Hathor, who received cult in many foreign locales, is attested in Byblos in the third millennium. Ths discussion explores the presence of each of these deities in Byblos after describing their respective Egyptian backgrounds, the circumstances under which is attested in Byblos, how and why each arrived there, and instances when, despite some uncertainty, one or the other is assumed to have been present. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v01i2_tower_hollis
Rate equalization: A new approach to fairness in deterministic quality of service

Scheduling protocols that provide both rate and fairness guarantees, such as Weighted Fair Queuing, distribute the unused capacity among the flows in proportion to the reserved rate of the flows. Thus, flows whose reserved rate is the largest will receive a larger share of the unused capacity. We present a scheduling algorithm that first distributes unused capacity to those flows whose reserved rate is the least. This allocation continues until the flows with least reserved rate and the flows with the next-to-least reserved rate are given the same capacity. If enough unused capacity is available, all flows will receive the same capacity, and the scheduler will simply behave like Fair Queuing.
On the Stability of the Damped Hill’s Equation With Arbitrary, Bounded Parametric Excitation

The minimum damping for asymptotic staqbility is predicted for Hill's equation with any bounded parametric excitation. It is shown that the response of Hill's equation with bounded parametric excitation is exponentially bounded. The parametric excitation maximizing the bounding exponent is identified by time optimal control theory. This maximal bounding exponent is balanced by viscous damping to ensure asymptotic stability. The minimum damping ration is calculated as a function of the excitation bound
Xanthine: Acceptor oxidoreductase activities in ischemic rat skin flaps

Abstract Xanthine:acceptor oxidoreductase activities were assayed in free skin flaps following prolonged preservation. In normal rat skin, xanthine dehydrogenase transfers electrons to NAD+ and accounts for 73% of total oxido-reductase activity, and xanthine oxidase transfers electrons to molecular oxygen and accounts for the remaining 27%. Xanthine oxidase activity increased significantly in skin flaps during ischemia: approximately 30 and 100% increases after 6 and 24 hr of ischemia, respectively. Allopurinol inhibited xanthine oxidoreductase activity: free skin flaps obtained from allopurinol-treated animals exhibited a low level of xanthine oxidoreductase activity throughout the period of preservation. Systemic allopurinol significantly improved the survival rate from 32 to 75% of free flaps transferred after 24 hr of preservation at room temperature. These observations suggest that the xanthine oxidase system is a major source of oxygen free radicals following ischemia/reperfusion in skin. The increase in xanthine oxidase is attributable to the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to oxidase, a conversion which involves sulfhydryl oxidation in skin flaps.
c-fos Antisense Oligonucleotide Specifically Attenuates Haloperidol-Induced Increases in Neurotensin/neuromedin N mRNA Expression in Rat Dorsal Striatum

Acute administration of neuroleptic drugs such as haloperidol robustly increases transcription of the gene encoding the neuroactive peptide, neurotensin, in the dorsolateral striatum of the rat. This induction of neurotensin/neuromedin (NT/N) mRNA by haloperidol is preceded by increases in c-fos mRNA expression in the same region. Our recent studies demonstrate that a vast majority of haloperidol-sensitive NT/N mRNA expressing cells in the dorsolateral striatum coexpress c-fos mRNA. These data suggest that the transcription factor, Fos, may participate in NT/N gene induction by neuroleptics. Present studies investigated this possibility using an antisense c-fos oligodeoxynucleotide (which has been shown to block the expression of Fos protein in vivo) or its sense sequence oligomer injected into opposite caudate-putamen of awake, freely moving rats. Eight hours following the injection of the oligomers, the animals were challenged with a systemic injection of haloperidol (1 mg/kg) and were sacrificed 1 h later. Examination of NT/N mRNA by in situ hybridization histochemistry revealed approximately 50% attenuation in the NT/N mRNA expression in the dorsolateral striatum injected with the antisense oligomer compared to the contralateral side which received the sense oligomer. On the other hand, expression of proenkephalin mRNA in the dorsolateral striatal neurons or NT/N mRNA in the nucleus accumbens shell was not altered following the c-fos antisense oligomer injection. These data demonstrate a specific role of Fos in the regulation of the neurotensin/neuromedin N gene in the rat dorsolateral striatal neurons by acute haloperidol treatment.
Basophil responsiveness in chronic urticaria

Chronic urticaria is a common skin disease without an etiology in the majority of cases. The similarity of symptoms and pathology to allergen-induced skin reactions supports the idea that skin mast cell and blood basophil IgE receptor activation is involved; however, no exogenous allergen trigger has been identified. Recent evidence supports a role for blood basophils in disease expression. Specifically, blood basopenia is noted in active disease with the recruitment of blood basophils to skin lesional sites. In addition, blood basophils display altered IgE receptor-mediated degranulation that reverts in disease remission. In active chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU) subjects, changes in IgE receptor-signaling molecule expression levels accompany the altered degranulation function in blood basophils. The arrival of therapies targeting IgE has further shown that altered blood basophil degranulation behavior has potential use as a disease biomarker in CIU.
Anomalous Separate Origin of Left Circumflex Coronary Artery From a Separate Ostium in the Left Coronary Sinus: Identification by Transesophageal Color Doppler Echocardiography

Transesophageal color Doppler echocardiography was used to visualize anomalous origin of the left circumflex coronary artery from a separate ostium in the left coronary sinus.
Electrochemical removal of copper ions from very dilute solutions

A device for concentrating electropositive cations using porous, fixed, flow-through, carbon electrodes is described. A feed of 667μg of copper per ml of solution was reduced to less than 1μg of copper per ml of solution. The flow rate was 0.20 cm3/cm2/min through a bed 6 cm thick. Capital cost for the cell is the controlling factor. A preliminary economic analysis indicates that the value of copper recovered will more than pay for the installation and operation of the cell, even for fairly small units.
Children’s verbal, interactive and cognitive skills and implications for interviews

Child respondents challenge social scientists because their verbal, interactive, and cognitive skills are not just different from those of adults, but also vary among children. To develop adequate methods for interviewing children, we need to learn more about those skills in interview settings and their dependence on age. Based on 112 semi-structured interviews with children aged 5–11 years, we studied children’s verbal, cognitive, and interactive skills. Fifty-six children were each interviewed twice, once face to face and once via telephone. Through an innovative triangulation of qualitative and quantitative analyses, children’s skills and related gains and limitations of each interview mode were examined. The applicability of semi-structured interviews was evaluated with skills and respondent’s age in mind, and recommendations for conducting interviews are made.
Zinc toxicity on cultured cortical neurons : involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors

Neuronal injury induced by the excessive release of endogenous Zn2+ at central glutamatergic synapses may contribute to the pathogenesis of epileptic brain damage. We explored the possibility that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors might be involved in Zn2+ neurotoxicity. Exposure of murine cortical cell cultures to 300-1000 microM concentrations of Zn2+ for 15 min resulted in widespread neuronal degeneration, accompanied by the release of lactate dehydrogenase to the bathing medium. Both non-competitive and competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists attenuated this degeneration. However, the participation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in Zn2+ neurotoxicity was atypical. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ attenuated N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity but potentiated Zn2+ neurotoxicity, whereas increasing extracellular Ca2+ potentiated N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotoxicity but attenuated Zn2+ neurotoxicity. Furthermore, the nature of the antagonism of Zn2+ neurotoxicity induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists was qualitatively different from that seen with other N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated events. The block of Zn2+ neurotoxicity induced by the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist MK-801 was better overcome by increasing Zn2+ concentration than the block induced by the competitive antagonists D-aminophosphonovalerate and CGS-19755. We hypothesize that N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-gated channels contribute to Zn2+ toxicity by providing a route of Zn2+ influx into neurons. Consistent with this idea, intracellular Zn2+ visualized by the fluorescent Zn2+ chelator, N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide, rose during Zn2+ exposure; this rise was increased by N-methyl-D-aspartate and reduced by either N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists or high Ca2+.2+ in neuronal cell homeostasis.
Last Word on Point:Counterpoint: Artificial limbs do/do not make artificially fast running speeds possible

to the editor: We thank the authors of the comments for their time and ideas. Drs. Buckley and Cavagna (see Ref. [3][1]) raise important points regarding how leg spring stiffness affects running speed. It is well established that biological leg stiffness remains nearly constant across slow to
Memory T-cell predominance following T-cell depletional therapy derives from homeostatic expansion of naive T cells.

T-cell depletion reportedly leads to alterations in the T-cell compartment with predominant survival of memory phenotype CD4 T cells. Here, we asked whether the prevalence of memory T cells postdepletion results from their inherent resistance to depletion and/or to the homeostatic expansion of naive T cells and their phenotypic conversion to memory, which is known to occur in lymphopenic conditions. Using a ‘mosaic memory’ mouse model with trackable populations of alloreactive memory T cells, we found that treatment with murine antithymocyte globulin (mATG) or antilymphocyte serum (ALS) effectively depleted alloreactive memory CD4 T cells, followed by rapid homeostatic proliferation of endogenous CD4 T cells peaking at 4 days postdepletion, with no homeostatic advantage to the antigen-specific memory population. Interestingly, naive (CD44lo) CD4 T cells exhibited the greatest increase in homeostatic proliferation following mATG treatment, divided more extensively compared to memory (CD44hi) CD4 T cells and converted to a memory phenotype. Our results provide novel evidence that memory CD4 T cells are susceptible to lymphodepletion and that the postdepletional T-cell compartment is repopulated to a significant extent by homeostatically expanded naive T cells in a mouse model, with important important implications for immune alterations triggered by induction therapy.
The Effect of Information Technology on Economic Education

Abstract The author evaluated the effect on student performance of using a new information technology (IT) enhancement that permits students to participate in the recording of lectures that can be downloaded later from the Internet. The author compared two sections of the same Intermediate Microeconomics class and observed the sample students to be representative; the empirical model accounted for any differences in student characteristics between the comparison and test groups. Model results show that students exposed to the IT enhancement performed about 2 percentage points better on their final exam than did the comparison students; however, the difference was not statistically different from zero. The author concluded that the use of IT appears to not have any substantive influence on student performance.
Association of Web-Based Weight Loss Information Use With Weight Reduction Behaviors in Adolescent Women

Abstract Purpose To examine the association between seeking weight loss information from the Internet and weight loss behaviors. Methods A self-administered survey was conducted on 3,181 women, aged 16–24 years, between August 2008 and August 2010. Questions were asked on use of the Internet to obtain weight loss information and various weight loss practices. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between seeking weight loss information online and practicing these weight loss behaviors. Results In all, 39% used the Internet to seek weight loss information. Women who obtained weight loss information from the Internet were more likely to exercise (odds ratio [OR]: 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.60), use diet pills (OR: 4.14, 95% CI: 2.93–5.84), laxatives (OR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.15–3.54), diuretics (OR: 7.89, 95% CI: 2.88–21.61), vomit after eating (OR: 2.56, 95% CI: 1.24–5.30), skip meals (OR: 2.77, 95% CI: 2.26–3.39), smoke more cigarettes (OR: 1.56, 95% CI: 1.14–2.14), and stop eating carbohydrates (OR: 3.09, 95% CI: 1.81–5.26) after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body mass index, and education. Conclusions Many young women engage in unhealthy weight loss behaviors which they may learn online. Interventions are needed to instruct young women on safe practices to lose weight.
Physics-Based Preconditioning and the Newton-Krylov Method for Non-equilibrium Radiation Diffusion

An algorithm is presented for the solution of the time dependent reaction-diffusion systems which arise in non-equilibrium radiation diffusion applications. This system of nonlinear equations is solved by coupling three numerical methods, Jacobian-free Newton?Krylov, operator splitting, and multigrid linear solvers. An inexact Newton's method is used to solve the system of nonlinear equations. Since building the Jacobian matrix for problems of interest can be challenging, we employ a Jacobian?free implementation of Newton's method, where the action of the Jacobian matrix on a vector is approximated by a first order Taylor series expansion. Preconditioned generalized minimal residual (PGMRES) is the Krylov method used to solve the linear systems that come from the iterations of Newton's method. The preconditioner in this solution method is constructed using a physics-based divide and conquer approach, often referred to as operator splitting. This solution procedure inverts the scalar elliptic systems that make up the preconditioner using simple multigrid methods. The preconditioner also addresses the strong coupling between equations with local 2×2 block solves. The intra-cell coupling is applied after the inter-cell coupling has already been addressed by the elliptic solves. Results are presented using this solution procedure that demonstrate its efficiency while incurring minimal memory requirements.
La Niña influences U.S. fires forecast

As forest fires blaze across a number of states in the western U.S., a federal official told Congress on 13 June that “we expect the fire season to be a severe one.” He pointed to a climate anomaly as one reason. Testifying before an agriculture subcommittee of the House of Representatives, Mark Rey, Agriculture Department undersecretary for natural resources and environment, said the fire forecast for this year is influenced by drought conditions across much of the country. He said the La Nina climate phenomenon has brought much of the country drierthan-usual weather since 1999. Rey said the greatest potential for fires in the U.S. is in southern California, the Southwest, the Great Basin, the Rocky Mountain, and along the Eastern seaboard.
Rhodium‐catalyzed emulsion polymerization of butadiene

Recent work has shown that rhodium salts in aqueous solution are capable of polymerizing butadiene to a high trans-1,4 polymer, especially in the presence of certain surfactants of the sulfate or sulfonate types, which act as ligands for the rhodium. It has now been confirmed that the effective surfactants are of two types: sodium lauryl sulfate and the sodium alkyl benzene sulfonates having alkyl chains greater than C5. Studies of these systems have also been conducted in homogeneous solution, in an attempt to elucidate the mechanism. For this purpose, solvents such as tetrahydrofuran, dimethoxyethane, and the dimethyl ester of ethylene glycol were found to be effective. However, the polymerization rate was much slower than in the heterogeneous aqueous systems and also appeared to be independent of the presence of the surfactant. This phenomenon was apparently due to the fact that these solvents also act as ligands for the rhodium, thus giving rise to catalyst complexes which are less effective in polymerization.
Terminal innervation ratios and fiber type grouping in normal porcine skeletal muscle.

Terminal innervation ratios were determined in normal porcine semitendinosus to test the hypothesis that intramuscular collateral branching of subterminal axons gives rise to fiber type grouping. Innervation ratios were near 1.00 in both the lateral pale portion which exhibits type II predominance and in the medial red portion which exhibits extensive grouping of type I fibers. Type grouping observed in porcine skeletal muscle is not the result of multi-fiber innervation by subterminal axons, but, rather, may be the manifestation of a unique motor unit topography.
Statistical mechanics of flux lines in high-T c superconductors

A theory of the entangled flux liquids which arise in the new high-Tc superconductors is reviewed. New physics appears because of the weak interplanar couplings and high critical temperatures in these materials. Flux line wandering melts the conventional Abrikosov flux lattice, and leads to an entangled vortex state whose statistical mechanics is closely related to the physics of interacting bosons in two dimensions. The phase diagram as a function of magnetic field and temperature is discussed, and it is argued that an entangled vortex liquid appears just aboveHc1 at all nonzero temperatures. The decay of vortex line correlations in the entangled liquid state is controlled by the superfluid excitation spectrum of the bosons. Line wandering produces drastic changes in theB(H) constitutive relation nearHc1.
Aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor of bone of the hand and distal radius

Aneurysmal bone cyst and giant cell tumor of bone have historically been considered benign lesions that can behave in locally aggressive fashion. The clinical and pathologic findings share some common characteristics. When considering a radiographic differential diagnosis, these entities are usually considered together. There are some very distinct differences in potential aggressiveness and in response to treatment. This report summarizes current knowledge regarding these lesions when they occur in the hand and outlines current treatment methods.
A Trace Formula for a Class of Variable-Coefficient Block Toeplitz Matrices

This paper is concerned with spectral asymptotics for variable coeefficient block Toeplitz matrices opns given by ¶¶\( \frac{1}{2\pi}\int^{2\pi}_{0}\sigma(\frac{j}{n}, \theta)e^{-i(j-k)\theta} d\theta\qquad(j,k=0,1,\ldots, n), \)¶¶where \( \sigma(x,e^{i\theta}) \) is a matrix-valued function of fixed order defined on \( [0,1]\times\mathbb{T} \). More precisely, we compute the second-order asymptotics of the trace of\( f(\textrm{op}_{n},\sigma) \), where \( f \) belongs to a suitable class of functions; ¶¶\( \textrm{tr} f(\textrm{op}_{n},\sigma)=c_{1}\,n + c_{2}\,\textrm{log}\,n+o(\textrm{log}\,n) \)¶¶as \( n\longrightarrow\infty \), where \(\) are constants given by explicit formulas.
Spectroscopic characterization of tick anticoagulant peptide

Abstract Tick anticoagulant peptide (TAP) is a disulfide rich potent inhibitor of factor Xa. Although this peptide is of potential clinical utility, very little is known about its higher order structure. Therefore, the secondary structure of recombinant TAP (rTAP) has been examined by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Both techniques suggest that rTAP is rich in β-sheet structure. Disulfide bonds play a significant role in the folding and structural stability of rTAP. This is apparent from the resistance of rTAP to fluorescence-detected unfolding by guanidinium chloride (Gdn-HCl), unless disulfides are first reduced. The protein's tryptophan and tyrosine residues exhibit greater solvent exposure upon reduction of the cystines as indicated by fluorescence spectra and second derivative UV spectroscopy. A considerable amount of β-structure appears to be retained after reduction of disulfides, although the CD spectrum manifests an increased amount of disordered structure in the reduced peptide. While rTAP does not bind the hydrophobic fluorescence probe 2- p -toludinylnaphthalene-6-sulfonate (TNS) at neutral or acidic pH, the reduced peptide binds TNS at pH 2.0 but not at pH 7.0. The secondary structure of the reduced peptide at pH 2 is, however, similar to that at pH 7 as judged by CD spectroscopy. The reduced form of rTAP at acidic pH thus resembles a molten globule-like state.
{Chern-Simons} and Palatini Actions and (2+1) Gravity

Abstract In this letter we make three observations: (i) Given any Lie group, G, the (2+1)-Palatini action is equivalent to the Chern-Simons action for an “inhomogenized” Lie group, IG, constructed from G. (ii) Since the reduced phase space of the Chern-Simons theory based on any group G is the reduced configuration space of the Palatini theory based on the same G - i.e., the Chern-Simons theory for IG-one can introduce additional structure on the configuration and phase-spaces of Palatini theories -including (2+1)-gravity-which plays an important role in their quantization. (iii) Using the first observation, one can couple Chern-Simons matter to (2+1)-gravity in a straightforward way. We point out that there is, however, a qualitative difference between this coupling and that of matter with genuine, local degrees of freedom.
Hamel coefficients for the rotational motion of an N–dimensional rigid body

Many of the kinematic and dynamic concepts relating to rotational motion have been generalized for Ndimensional rigid bodies. In this paper a new derivation of the generalized Euler equations is pr...
A Tropical and Subtropical Land–Sea–Atmosphere Drought Oscillation Mechanism

Abstract A two-column atmospheric model on a land–sea interface is studied. The model has sophisticated convection, cloud, and radiation schemes, a mixed layer ocean, and a bucket model to simulate land hydrology. A self-sustained oscillation in soil moisture with a period on the order of months is found. This oscillation is strongest when the model is run with parameters chosen to correspond to the arid subtropics. The effect of changing model parameters on the oscillation is explored. The existence and qualitative behavior of the oscillation are relatively robust to changes in model parameters.
Sensitivity of Thermal Conductivity of Carbon Nanotubes to Defect Concentrations and Heat-Treatment

In the present study, classical MD simulations using reverse non-equilibrium molecular dynamics with the AIREBO interatomic potential are used to investigate the sensitivity of thermal conductivity in SWCNTs to side-wall defect concentration and heat-treatment. Two types of defects are investigated. First, the thermal conductivity of (6,6) SWCNTs is obtained as a function of concentration of chemisorbed hydrogen adatoms. Secondly, the thermal conductivity is obtained as a function of point-vacancy concentrations. The results of the studies show that 2 atom% of hydrogenation and 1.5–2% vacancy concentrations have very similar detrimental effects on the thermal conductivity of SWCNT. Vacancy repair is evident with heat treatment, and heat-treatments at 3000°C for up to 22 ns are found to transform point vacancies into various types of non-hexagonal side-wall defects; this vacancy repair is accompanied by a ca. 10% increase in thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity measurements in both heat-treated and non-heat treated chemical vapor deposition grown MWCNTs are also reviewed. The results suggest that CNT thermal conductivity can be drastically increased if measures are taken to remove common defects from the SWCNT side-walls.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Pedagogical conferences and stillborn professionalism among nineteenth century instituteurs, 1830–1848

By the time of the July Revolution of 1830, the matter of training elementary school teachers had become important in French politics. But the literature on teacher training does not properly examine the linkage between training institutions and professionalism. The standard narrative of the development of primary education suggests that the July Monarchy (1830-1848) was a key time for the development of secular teachers' professional status. However, if we accept Andrew Abbot's notion of professionalism as conflict over legitimate jurisdiction over service provision, then the instituteurs of this era were not professionals. Not only was the Catholic Church an important competitor to the secular schoolteachers but, just as importantly, the persistence of localism and lack of central coordination of training institutions ensured that no professional esprit de corps would be possible among the teachers. After examining the historical literature and outlining the significance of Abbot's notion of professionalism, I devote the longest section of this paper to a less-studied teacher training instrument of the era: the pedagogical conferences. The conferences were opportunities for working teachers to meet and learn to improve their pedagogical skills and knowledge. However, they display both of the dilemmas that prevented secular schoolteachers from being professionals: the presence of a more legitimate competing authority, the Catholic Church, and the persistent tension between centre and periphery.
Singularity in self-energy and composite fermion excitations of interacting electrons

We study the coherent excitations of a composite fermion operator ${f}_{i\ensuremath{\sigma}}{(\ensuremath{-}1)}^{{n}_{i\overline{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}}$, where ${f}_{i\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ is the fermion operator for interacting electrons and ${n}_{i\overline{\ensuremath{\sigma}}}$ is the number operator of electrons with the opposite spin. In the two-impurity Anderson model, we show that the excitation of this composite fermion has a finite spectral weight near the Fermi energy in the regime dominated by intersite spin exchange coupling where the Kondo fixed point is prevented. From scattering off this coherent composite fermion mode, the excitation of the regular fermion ${f}_{i\ensuremath{\sigma}}$ develops a pseudogap and its self-energy is singular. Conversely, when the regular fermion develops Kondo resonance in the Kondo resonance regime, the excitation of the composite fermion develops a pseudogap instead. We argue that the composite fermion could develop a Fermi surface but ``hidden'' from charge excitations in lattice generalizations.
Morphological shifts in Southeast Asian prostitution: the long twentieth century.

This article examines the history of prostitution as a regional phenomenon in Southeast Asia over the course of the twentieth century. I argue that this institution changed shape several times during that period, and that a number of rubrics might be employed to best study this evolution. The first part of the article looks at some of the traditional parameters of prostitution as it was practised both in island and mainland Southeast Asia, while the second part of the essay traces some new developments in the burgeoning colonial age. The third part of the piece then looks at war-time prostitution as a separate phenomenon from these earlier developments, while the fourth examines the rise of sex tourism in the region, partially as an offshoot of these same armed conflicts in the middle decades of the century. Finally, the last section of the article looks at how borders, cities, and economic inequalities have acted upon each other in today’s world to change the shape of regional prostitution in Southeast Asia yet again.
PEI VERSUS CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING IN HIGH SURGICAL RISK PATIENTS WITH LEFT MAIN OR THREE–VESSEL CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE

Previous studies comparing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in patients with left main or three–vessel coronary artery disease (LM–3VD) have excluded patients at high surgical risk. Our nonrandomized prospective study included patients with
Regulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte degranulation and oxidant production by ceramide through inhibition of phospholipase D.

Exogenous C2-ceramide has been shown to inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis through inhibition of phospholipase D (PLD) and downstream events, including activation of extracellular signal–regulated kinases 1 and 2, leading to the hyphothesis that the sphingomyelinase pathway is involved in termination of phagocytosis. Here it is postulated that increased PLD activity generating phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol (DAG) is essential for superoxide release and degranulation and that ceramide, previously shown to be generated during PMN activation, inhibits PLD activation, thereby leading to inhibition of PMN function. When PMNs were primed with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and then activated with N -formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), C2-ceramide (10 μM) completely inhibited release of superoxide, lactoferrin, and gelatinase; the DAG analog s n -1,2-didecanoylglycerol (DiC10) (10 μM) restored oxidase activation and degranulation in the ceramide-treated cells. Similarly, C2-ceramide inhibited oxidase activity and degranulation of PMNs treated with cytochalasin B followed by FMLP, and DiC10 restored function. In contrast, C2-ceramide did not inhibit phosphorylation of p47phox or p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, or translocation of p47phox, PLD-containing organelles, adenosine diphosphate–ribosylation factor 1, RhoA, protein kinase C (PKC)–β or PKC-α to the plasma membrane in G-CSF or cytochalasin B–treated, FMLP-activated PMNs. PLD activity increased by 3-fold in G-CSF–primed PMNs stimulated by FMLP and by 30-fold in cytochalasin B–treated PMNs stimulated by FMLP. Both PLD activities were completely inhibited by 10 μM C2-ceramide. In conclusion, superoxide, gelatinase, and lactoferrin release require activation of the PLD pathway in primed PMNs and cytochalasin B–treated PMNs. Ceramide may affect protein interactions with PLD in the plasma membrane, thereby attenuating PMN activation.
Biological Procedures Online now publishing with BioMed Central.

We are excited to inform all previous and future contributors, as well as readers, that Biological Procedures Online has been transferred to the open access publisher BioMed Central, a powerhouse for the timely publishing of articles in online journals.
The solubility and diffusivity of hydrogen in well-annealed and deformed iron

Abstract It has been shown that a large volume of data for the solubility of hydrogen in iron is affected by spurious surface conditions. Arrhenius plots of solubility data in the temperature range 300–1750 K, which are free of such effects, exhibit a temperature variation which, despite the low H-solubility in the entire temperature range, is not consistent with regular mixing statistics. This departure from regular behavior is consistent with the thermal activation of H atoms into energetically less favorable octahedral sites as the temperature is increased. The enhancement in H-solubility caused by the cold deformation of iron can be understood in terms of a simple Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution of H atoms between “normal” lattice sites and “trapping” sites of depth 34 kJ/mol. The 62 currently existing sets of data for the diffusivity D of hydrogen through b.c.c. iron exhibit a large degree of mutual inconsistency. Exhaustive statistical analysis of this large data mass has shown that only those data obtained by electrochemical methods and H2-gas equilibration methods using UHV techniques and Pd-coated membranes are reliable. In the range −40–80°C the best representation of D is D = 7.23 x 10−8 exp (−Q/RT)m2/s where Q = 5.69 kJ/mol. In the temperature range 50°–550°C, the best D-representation is D = (1−2.52) x 10−7 exp (−|Q/RT)m2/s with Q in the range 6.70–7.12 kJ/moI. These differing diffusivities are consistent with an increase with temperature of the fraction of H-atoms hopping from octahedral rather than tetrahedral sites. The problem of H-diffusion in deformed iron has been analysed using a semi-quantitative model in which the retarding effect of trapping sites on the diffusivity is partially compensated by a “pipe” diffusion contribution along dislocations. It is shown that this model is in accord with the diffusivities measured in deformed iron when data not encumbered by spurious surface effects are considered.
Large Grain Growth of Silicon Films on Low Temperature Glass Substrates

Argon laser recrystallization of silicon films deposited on low temperature glass substrates offers the potential for development of large scale matrix addressable displays incorporating on-glass line drivers and logic circuitry. In order to achieve this promise, the challenge of containing molten silicon, at 1685 K, in close proximity to a glass substrate (Corning 7059) which has an annealing temperature of 914 K, must be met. We have successfully recrystallized areas of several squared millimeters of 500 nm thick silicon films without cracking on 7059 glass substrates. This was achieved by the incorporation of multiple film layers interposed between the silicon and the glass substrate, which serve to control the thermal gradients which occur during the recrystallization process. Grains in the recrystallized films are typically 10µm wide and several hundred µm long, achieved using a laser spot size of approximately 70 µm diameter and a scan rate of 15 cm/s. Comparable results were obtained for a wide range of laser powers, from 7.5 to 9.2 W.
Simple formulas for performance parameters used in elastohydrodynamically lubricated line contacts

Formules simples pour le calcul des caracteristiques des contacts lineaires avec lubrification elastohydrodynamique
Response of the mediastinal and thoracic viscera of the dog to intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT).

Abstract IORT may be a potentially useful adjunctive treatment combined with surgery and/or external beam irradiation in treating locally advanced lung and esophageal tumors. To begin investigation of this modality, the tolerance of intact mediastinal structures to IORT was studied using adult American Foxhounds (wt. 25–30 kg). Groups of six animals received IORT to doses of 20, 30, or 40 Gy to two separate intrathoracic ports, using 9 MeV electrons to treat a portion of the collapsed right upper lobe, and 12 MeV electrons to treat the mediastinal structures. A group of three dogs received thoracotomy with sham irradiation. Two dogs from each treatment dose group, as well as one sham-irradiated control, were sacrificed electively at 1, 3, and 12 months following IORT. There were no acute nor late IORT related mortalities. Post-operative weight loss was minimal (average 4.5% of pre-operative weight) for all dogs. Serial esophograms showed no inflammation or ulceration. No cardiac nor pulmonary changes were noted clinically. At autopsy, the irradiated lung showed evidence of acute pneumonitis at 1 month with progressive fibrosis at 3 months and 1 year. Esophageal reactions were minimal, with only two dogs (one 30 Gy and one 40 Gy) demonstrating histologically confirmed esophagitis at 1 month. Tracheal changes were minimal. Cardiac damage was evident in the right atrial tissues. In several dogs, this cardiac damage ranged from myocardial vascular changes to frank ischemic necrosis noted at 1 and 3 months, and dense fibrosis at 1 year. The phrenic nerves showed normal function, but had evidence of perineural fibrosis. The large vessels demonstrated only mild histologic evidence of irradiation. The results of this large animal study suggest that intact mediastinal structures will tolerate small volume IORT to doses of 20 Gy without significant clinical sequellae. Although the histologic changes in the right atrium and contralateral lung are worrisome, no cardiac nor pulmonary problems arose over the 1 year follow-up. Irradiation of the contralateral lung and other sensitive structures can be reduced by careful selection of electron beam energy and use of custom lead shielding.
Flexible Error Protection for Energy Efficient Reliable Architectures

Technology scaling is having an increasingly detrimental effect on microprocessor reliability, with increased variability and higher susceptibility to errors. At the same time, as integration of chip multiprocessors increases, power consumption is becoming a significant bottleneck that could threaten their growth. To deal with these competing trends, energy-efficient solutions are needed to deal with reliability problems. This paper presents a reliable multicore architecture that provides targeted error protection by adapting to the characteristics of individual cores and workloads, with the goal of providing reliability with minimum energy. The user can specify an acceptable reliability target for each chip, core, or application. The system then adjusts a range of parameters, including replication and supply voltage, to meet that reliability goal. In this multicore architecture, each core consists of a pair of pipelines that can run independently (running separate threads) or in concert (running the same thread and verifying results). Redundancy is enabled selectively, at functional unit granularity. The architecture also employs timing speculation for mitigation of variation-induced timing errors and to reduce the power overhead of error protection. On-line control based on machine learning dynamically adjusts multiple parameters to minimize energy consumption. Evaluation shows that dynamic adaptation of voltage and redundancy can reduce the energy delay product of a CMP by 30 − 60% compared to static dual modular redundancy.
Effect of temperature on kinetics of hexose uptake by human placental plasma membrane vesicles.

Abstract Initial rates of passive and carrier-mediated d -galactose and d -glucose uptake were measured in membrane vesicles derived from the maternal surface of the human placental syncytiotrophoblast. Passive diffusion, as measured by l -glucose uptake, was slightly and continuously temperature-sensitive over a range 0–40°C (Q10 = 1.1). Below approx. 26°C, passive diffusion measured by d -galactose uptake in the presence of the inhibitor, cytochalasin B, was quantitatively similar to l -glucose uptake. Above this temperature, however, cytochalasin B appeared not to be as effective an inhibitor of carrier-mediated uptake. The initial rates of d -galactose carrier-mediated transport, generated at low concentration (10/μM) were very temperature-sensitive and yielded a non-linear Arrhenius plot. An Arrhenius plot of Vmax, generated with higher concentrations, was linear. The linearity of the Vmax Arrhenius plot, in conjunction with the high cholesterol content of this membrane preparation, suggests that a membrane lipid phase transition is not responsible for the non-linearity of the low concentration Arrhenius plot. A discontinuous temperature sensitivity of the interaction between d -galactose and the hexose transport system, as reflected by a marked sensitivity in Km, appears responsible for the non-linearity in this Arrhenius plot.
Factors controlling the estuarine chemistry of arsenic

Abstract Studies on several southeastern U.S. rivers reveal that arsenic is largely unreactive in the estuarine environment. Dissolved pentavalent arsenic, the only detectable species, behaves conservatively (within experimental accuracy) in the estuary as fresh and saline waters mix. Complexes occur between arsenic and low molecular weight dissolved organic matter. Unlike high molecular weight organics, the low molecular weight organic fraction passes conservatively through the estuary, carrying the complexed arsenic. These complexes presumably prevent adsorptive and coprecipitative interactions between arsenate and flocculating iron hydroxides and humics. Arsenic which enters the estuary associated with particulates apparently remains so, and accumulates in the sediments. If post-depositional remobilization does occur, it has only a small, unmeasurable effect (
Contour integration impairment in schizophrenia and first episode psychosis: State or trait?

Contour integration is a fundamental visual process that recovers object structure by representing spatially separated edge elements as a continuous contour or shape boundary. Clinically stable persons with schizophrenia have repeatedly been shown to be impaired at contour integration but it is unclear whether this process varies with clinical state or whether it arises as early as the first episode of psychosis. To consider these issues, we administered a contour integration test to persons with chronic schizophrenia and to those with a first episode of psychosis. The test was administered twice-once at admission to short term psychiatric hospitalization and once again at discharge. A well-matched healthy control group was also tested across the same time points. We found that contour integration performance improved to the same degree in all groups over time, indicating that there were no recovery effects over and above normal practice effects. Moreover, the schizophrenia group demonstrated poorer contour integration than the control group and the first episode group exhibited intermediate performance that could not be distinguished from the other groups. These results suggest that contour integration ability does not vary as a function of short-term changes in clinical state, and that it may become further impaired with an increased number of psychotic episodes.
Indirect training of a spiking neural network for flight control via spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity

Recently, spiking neural networks (SNNs) have been shown capable of approximating the dynamics of biological neuronal networks, and of being trainable by biologically-plausible learning mechanisms, such as spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity. Numerical simulations also support the possibility that they may possess universal function approximation abilities. However the effectiveness of training algorithms to date is far inferior to those of other artificial neural networks. Moreover, they rely on directly manipulating the SNN weights, which may not be feasible in a number of their potential applications. This paper presents a novel indirect training approach to modulate spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) in an action SNN that serves as a flight controller without directly manipulating its weights. A critic SNN is directly trained with a reward-based Hebbian approach to send spike trains to the action SNN, which in turn controls the aircraft and learns via STDP. The approach is demonstrated by training the action SNN to act as a flight controller for stability augmentation. Its performance and dynamics are analyzed before and after training through numerical simulations and Poincare maps.
LM2500 Gas Turbines for Mobil Statfjord B Platform: The North Sea

The gas turbine compression and power generation systems for the Statfjord B platform required custom designed systems and significant design efforts. This paper summarizes many of the studies performed and reviews the overall project scope. The engineering considerations are presented to assist other gas turbine users and designers with their application considerations.Copyright © 1981 by ASME
Transverse loads on a yawed projectile

Yaw has been known to greatly influence the penetration performance of long-rod projectiles. Experiments have shown that even small angles of yaw can significantly degrade performance. We show that a critical feature of a yawed impact is the transverse load on the penetrator. Transverse loads tend to decrease the misalignment of rod axis and velocity vector. We use classical cavity expansion theory to quantify the impact transients and determine the magnitude of the transverse load. Then, a steady-state slot-cutting model is used to calculate the shape and orientation of a projectile that exits a finite plate. We find that this is contrary to the findings of some previous studies considered. The strength of the projectile may be ignored compared to the inertial loads even at the relatively high impact velocities. The theory agrees well with reverse impact experimental data on finite plates.