cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Decreased hepatic retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity in protein-deficient rats.

Abstract 28-day-old weanling rats were fed a diet containing 3% casein as the only source of protein for eight weeks to induce protein deficiency. When compared to control animals (fed a diet containing 25% casein), these rats had significantly lowered body (5.2-fold reduction) and liver (2.5-fold reduction) weights. The circulatory level of retinol (nmol per ml plasma) as well as retinol (nmol per g tissue) in the liver of these protein-deficient animals were also reduced significantly, although their liver concentration of retinyl palmitate (nmol per g tissue) was comparable to that of the control group. Assay of liver tissue for retinyl palmitate hydrolase activity revealed a 4-fold reduction (compared to that of control animals) of specific enzyme activity (nmol retinol formed per g protein per h). These findings suggest that severe protein deficiency results in a decreased hydrolysis of retinyl esters in the liver, which may be in part responsible for the reduced level of metabolically ‘active’ retinoids available for normal physiological functions.
High-pressure and high-temperature equation of state of cobalt oxide: Implications for redox relations in Earth’s mantle

The high-pressure and high-temperature equation of state of rock salt-structured cobalt oxide was measured up to 65 GPa and 2600 K using synchrotron X-ray diffraction in conjunction with the laser heated diamond-anvil cell. Fitting a Mie-Gruneisen-Debye model to the data we find best-fit parameters V0 = 77.4 (fixed) A3, K0 = 190 (1) GPa, K' = 3.49 (4), γ0 = 1.54 (4), q = 2.87 (15), and θ0 = 517.8 K (fixed). We use this newly determined equation of state in conjunction with existing measurements of the thermoelastic parameters of cobalt metal to calculate the Gibbs free-energy difference between the cobalt oxide and cobalt metal phases as a function of pressure and temperature. A comparison of the energetics of the Co/CoO system with the Ni/NiO system predicts that below 58 GPa CoO+Ni is stable relative to NiO+Co, while above 58 GPa the reverse is true. This tipping point in energy can be mapped as a crossing point in the electrochemical potential of the two metal ions, suggesting that cobalt becomes more siderophile than nickel with increasing pressure. This result is in qualitative agreement with existing measurements of nickel and cobalt partition coefficients between mantle and core materials.
Morbidity in patients with posttransplant diabetes mellitus following orthotopic liver transplantation

It is not well understood whether posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) following orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx) alters postoperative morbidity. This study was designed to evaluate this question. All adult patients who received an OLTx between July 1985 and March 1993 (n = 497) were evaluated by retrospective chart review for evidence of PTDM after OLTx. The patients identified with PTDM (n = 26) were case matched with nondiabetic OLTx recipients based on primary liver disease diagnosis, age, gender, date of first OLTx, and survival. Liver synthetic function, number and severity of rejection episodes, graft survival, total number of hospital days within the first year post-OLTx, renal function, and number and type of infection episodes were analyzed to assess differences in morbidity between the PTDM and control patients after OLTx. Of the 497 adult patients who underwent OLTx, 26 (5.2%) were identified as having PTDM within 1 month of discharge. Factors which identified individuals at higher risk for DM after OLTx included higher pre-OLTx fasting blood glucose (P = .04); lower body mass index after OLTx (P = .02); and cyclosporine rather than OKT3 induction (P = .009). Graft survival, synthetic function, and the total number of rejection episodes during the first year were not different between the two groups. The morbidity variables of total number of days in the hospital during the first 12 months, renal function, and type and number of infections were also similar between the two groups. In summary, 5.2% of adult patients developed DM within 1 month of OLTx. Pre-existing insulin resistance, postoperative stress, and immunosuppression medications all likely contribute to the development of overt hyperglycemia after OLTx. Although PTDM can be a consequence of OLTx, it does not have a significant impact on patient outcome in the first year after OLTx.
Effects of frequency on retrieval from a semantic category

Retrieval of bird names as a function of frequency was compared for recall and for production. As with unrelated words, high-frequency names were about as easily retrieved by either method, but low-frequency names were recalled much better than they were produced. Failure to retrieve some of the very highest frequency names occurred with both retrieval methods, a finding that poses difficulty for some theories of memory.
Determination of liquid-phase immiscibility in the lead-zinc system

A number of different techniques in the past have yielded inconsistent equilibrium measurements of immiscibility in the Pb-Zn system above 600 C. Accurate differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements were performed on well-homogenized samples of high-purity Pb-Zn, and they indicate that the immiscibility curve is higher than previously accepted for Zn compositions between 20 and 70 at. %. The maximum deviations observed correspond to about 20 C. Below 600 C the DTA results agree with previous results.
Canadian Arctic Soapstone Cooking Technology

This article examines the thermal properties of soapstone in comparison to other materials, to help us explore why Arctic cooks might have elected to use this material for their cooking containers. Low energy water boiling experiments, designed to simulate the low energy, oil-based fuel technologies of the Arctic, were undertaken. The results indicate that compared to metal and ceramic containers, soapstone is better able to store heat. We propose that this property makes soapstone especially useful in Arctic environments, where fuel sources are limited and indigenous heating techniques commonly relied on low energy. By understanding how heat is absorbed into metal, ceramic, and stone containers and how it is subsequently released into water we gain important contextual insights into the technological choices made by Arctic people.
Activation of Lymphocytes from Epstein-Barr Virus-Seronegative Donors by Autologous Epstein-Barr Virus-Transformed Cells

The activation of peripheral lymphocytes by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed cells was tested in the autologous system. EBV-transformed cells activated autologous lymphocytes from all 10 healthy subjects regardless of their status of antibody to EBV. Lymphocytes from three neonates were also activated by autologous EBV-transformed cells. It was concluded that activation of lymphocytes by autologous EBV-transformed cells is a nonspecific phenomenon in the sense that prior infection by EBV is not a prerequisite for responsiveness of lymphocytes to autologous EBV-transformed cells. The responding cells were found predominantly in the T cell-enriched fraction. This finding is of no interest because the pathogenesis of, and recovery from, infectious mononucleosis may depend in part on this nonspecific phenomenon.
Compiling Fortran 90D/HPF for distributed memory MIMD computers

Distributed memory multiprocessors are increasingly being used to provide high performance for advanced calculations with scientific applications. Distributed memory machines offer significant advantages over their shared memory counterparts in terms of cost and scalability, though it is widely accepted that they are difficult to program given the current status of software technology. Currently, distributed memory machines are programmed using a node language and a message passing library. This process is tedious and error prone because the user must perform the task of data distribution and communication for non-local data access. This thesis describes an advanced compiler that can generate efficient parallel programs when the source programming language naturally represents an application's parallelism. Fortran 90D/HPF described in this thesis is such a language. Using Fortran 90D/HPF, parallelism is represented with parallel constructs, such as array operations, where statements, forall statements, and intrinsic functions. The language provides directives for data distribution. Fortran 90D/HPF gives the programmer powerful tools to express a problem with natural data parallelism. To validate this hypothesis, a prototype of Fortran 90D/HPF was implemented. The compiler is organized around several major units: language parsing, partitioning data and computation, detecting communication and generating code. The compiler recognizes the presence of communication patterns in the computations in order to generate appropriate communication calls. Specifically, this involves a number of tests on the relationships among subscripts of various arrays in a statement. The compiler includes a specially designed algorithm to detect communications and to generate appropriate collective communication calls to execute array assignments and forall statements. The Fortran 90D/HPF compiler performs several types of communication and computation optimizations to improve the performance of the generated code. Empirical measurements show that the performance of the output of the Fortran 90D/HPF compiler is comparable to that of corresponding hand-written codes on several systems. We hope that this thesis assists in the widespread adoption of parallel computing technology and leads to a more attractive and powerful software development environment to support application parallelism that many users need.
Exercise performance of the high risk acute myocardial infarction patient after cardiac rehabilitation

Sixty-five subjects with a recent acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 50 men and 15 women aged 39 to 79 years (mean 62 +/- 9), were entered into a 12-week phase II cardiac rehabilitation program. Group I subjects were those with an ejection fraction greater than 40% (mean 56) and group II subjects were those with an ejection fraction less than 40% (mean 28). Subjects were further classified into those with or without myocardial ischemia (Ia, IIa and Ib, IIb, respectively) based on a treadmill stress test before entry. Work performance during the training sessions was similar for all subgroups, although group IIb had the lowest values for work rate and time of exercise for each individual activity. Subgroup analysis, as determined by a pre- and postprogram treadmill stress test, showed there was no significant difference in time of exercise, peak oxygen consumption and change in submaximal heart rate (decrease) for groups Ia, Ib or IIa. However, group IIb had poor performance in time of exercise (delta = 2 +/- 2 minutes), peak oxygen consumption (delta = 3 +/- 5 ml/min) and submaximal heart rate (delta = 0.4 +/- 17 beats/min) compared with the 3 other subgroups. These subjects also did not demonstrate an improvement of these values in the posttraining period. Patients who have had AMI and have both significant left ventricular dysfunction and myocardial ischemia did not have an adequate training response after 12 weeks of a formal phase II cardiac rehabilitation program.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A dynamic alternate route strategy for traffic networks

A dynamic alternate route strategy is developed for a typical node of a traffic network. The strategy compares the queue length at the node against an optimal threshold value. When the threshold is exceeded, some of the traffic is diverted along an alternate more costly route to its destination. The local node level strategy is easily implemented in real time and is also adaptive to changes in route capacities, input rates or the relative delays along the alternate route. It is also suitable for use in a decentralized routing strategy for large networks.
A general NMR procedure for locating methoxyl groups in all flavone and flavonol aglycones and some glycosides utilizing trimethylsilyl ethers and benzene-induced shifts

Abstract All flavonoids are readily converted to their trimethylsilyl ethers and in this form their NMR spectra can be recorded in both CCl 4 and benzene. Both methoxyl and trimethylsilyl groups at certain positions show diagnostic benzene-induced resonance shifts.
R7 Photoreceptor Axon Growth Is Temporally Controlled by the Transcription Factor Ttk69, Which Inhibits Growth in Part by Promoting Transforming Growth Factor-β/Activin Signaling

Work on axon growth has classically focused on understanding how extrinsic cues control growth cone dynamics independent of the cell body. However, more recently, neuron-intrinsic transcription factors have been shown to influence both normal and regenerative axon growth, suggesting that understanding their mechanism of action is of clinical importance. We are studying axon targeting in the Drosophila visual system and here show that the BTB/POZ zinc-finger transcription factor Tramtrack69 (Ttk69) plays an instructive role in inhibiting the growth of R7 photoreceptor axon terminals. Although ttk69 mutant R7 axons project to the correct medullar target layer, M6, their terminals fail to remain retinotopically restricted and instead grow laterally within M6. This overgrowth is not caused by an inability to be repelled by neighboring R7 axons or by an inability to recognize and initiate synapse formation with postsynaptic targets. The overgrowth is progressive and occurs even if contact between ttk69 mutant R7 axons and their normal target layer is disrupted. Ttk69 is first expressed in wild-type R7s after their axons have reached the medulla; ttk69 mutant R7 axon terminal overgrowth begins shortly after this time point. We find that expressing Ttk69 prematurely in R7s collapses their growth cones and disrupts axon extension, indicating that Ttk69 plays an instructive role in this process. A TGF-β/Activin pathway was shown previously to inhibit R7 axon terminal growth. We find that Ttk69 is required for normal activation of this pathway but that Ttk69 likely also inhibits R7 axon growth by a TGF-β/Activin-independent mechanism.
Preassociation of STAT1 with STAT2 and STAT3 in Separate Signalling Complexes Prior to Cytokine Stimulation

A variety of cytokines and growth factors act through an induction of gene expression mediated by a family of latent transcription factors called STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) proteins. Ligand-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the STATs promotes their homodimer and heterodimer formation and subsequent nuclear translocation. We demonstrate here that STAT protein heterocomplexes exist prior to cytokine treatment. When unstimulated HeLa cells are ruptured in hypotonic buffer without salt or detergent, immunoadsorption of either STAT1 or STAT2 from the resulting cytosol yields coimmunoadsorption of the other STAT protein. Similarly, STAT1-STAT3 heterocomplexes are coimmunoadsorbed from hypotonic cytosol. STAT1 and STAT2 or STAT1 and STAT3 translated in reticulocyte lysate spontaneously form heterocomplexes when the translation lysates are mixed at 0 degrees C. Our data suggest that interferon-alpha /beta-induced tyrosine phosphorylation increases the stability of a preexisting, latent, STAT1-STAT2 signaling complex. Newly translated STAT1 binds in equilibrium fashion to STAT2 and STAT3, but we show that STAT2 and STAT3 exist in separate heterocomplexes with STAT1, consistent with a model in which STAT1 contains a common binding site for other STAT proteins.
Reclassification and Academic Success among English Language Learners: New Evidence from a Large Urban School District

Abstract: On average, English Language Learners (ELLs) have inferior academic performance than their peers who speak English fluently. Research has also shown that ELLs that are reclassified as English Proficient (R-FEP) often have outcomes that approach or exceed comparable peers who are initially fluent in English upon entering school, but many of these past approaches suffer from various methodological deficiencies. In this analysis, we analyse the impact of reclassification on a broad set of academic outcomes using a number of methods to address this question, including fixed effects and instrumental variables methods. There are clear differences in academic outcomes between those students who are never reclassified and those who are R-FEP English Proficient. However, the evidence suggests that, on the margin, there is little or no incremental benefit for students that are reclassified before their peers.
Stochastic constructions of equiangular tight frames

Equiangular tight frames have applications in communications, signal processing, and coding theory. Previous work demonstrates that few real equiangular tight frames exist for most pairs (n,d). This work compares three stochastic solutions to the frame design problem, specifically, the problem of designing real equiangular tight frames by minimizing the subspace minor angle sum-squared error. Numerical experiments show that particle swarm optimization outperforms genetic algorithms and the cross-entropy method for equiangular tight frame constructions for pairs (d+1,d) with d less than nine and specific pairs (n,d) where an equiangular tight frame is known to exist.
Intercomparison between satellite-derived aerosol optical thickness and PM2.5 mass: Implications for air quality studies

[1] We explore the relationship between column aerosol optical thickness (AOT) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MODIS) on the Terra/Aqua satellites and hourly fine particulate mass (PM2.5) measured at the surface at seven locations in Jefferson county, Alabama for 2002. Results indicate that there is a good correlation between the satellite-derived AOT and PM2.5 (linear correlation coefficient, R = 0.7) indicating that most of the aerosols are in the well-mixed lower boundary layer during the satellite overpass times. There is excellent agreement between the monthly mean PM2.5 and MODIS AOT (R > 0.9), with maximum values during the summer months due to enhanced photolysis. The PM2.5 has a distinct diurnal signature with maxima in the early morning (6:00 8:00AM) due to increased traffic flow and restricted mixing depths during these hours. Using simple empirical linear relationships derived between the MODIS AOT and 24hr mean PM2.5 we show that the MODIS AOT can be used quantitatively to estimate air quality categories as defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) with an accuracy of more than 90% in cloud-free conditions. We discuss the factors that affect the correlation between satellite-derived AOT and PM2.5 mass, and emphasize that more research is needed before applying these methods and results over other areas. INDEX TERMS: 0305 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Aerosols and particles (0345, 4801); 0345 Atmospheric Composition and Structure: Pollution—urban and regional (0305); 3360 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics: Remote sensing; 3300 Meteorology and Atmospheric Dynamics. Citation: Wang, J., and S. A. Christopher, Intercomparison between satellitederived aerosol optical thickness and PM2.5 mass: Implications for air quality studies, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(21), 2095, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018174, 2003.
Two Workload Properties for Brownian Networks

As one approach to dynamic scheduling problems for open stochastic processing networks, J.M. Harrison has proposed the use of formal heavy traffic approximations known as Brownian networks. A key step in this approach is a reduction in dimension of a Brownian network, due to Harrison and Van Mieghem [21], in which the “queue length” process is replaced by a “workload” process. In this paper, we establish two properties of these workload processes. Firstly, we derive a formula for the dimension of such processes. For a given Brownian network, this dimension is unique. However, there are infinitely many possible choices for the workload process. Harrison [16] has proposed a “canonical” choice, which reduces the possibilities to a finite number. Our second result provides sufficient conditions for this canonical choice to be valid and for it to yield a non-negative workload process. The assumptions and proofs for our results involve only first-order model parameters.
Quantitative genetic investigations of yield of maize

Numerous quantitative genetic studies of yield of maize, conducted at North Carolina State University, are reviewed in order to provide a joint interpretation of the various kinds of evidence found. Estimates of variance components and the comparison of observed and expected response to selection have led to the following conclusions: 1. Sufficient additive genetic variance for yield exists within many locally adapted maize populations to permit improvement by selection. 2. Average dominance for genes affecting yield of ear corn is in the range of partial to complete. 3. Overdominance is not a prevalent source of genetic variation for yield. 4. Linkage disequilibrium can result in effects which mimic overdominance. These effects diminish with random mating. 5. Epistatic variance (i. e., genetic variance not accounted for by additive and dominance variances) is negligible in the varieties, Jarvis and Indian Chief, and in the F1 hybrid. 6. Short term predictions of response to full-sib and to reciprocal selection, based on genetic theory and computed from reasonably precise estimates of variances, are reasonably reliable.
Financialization and Income Inequality in the United States, 1967–2010

This article presents a historical overview of the late 20th-century advent of financialization, that is, the unprecedented growth of the financial sector. We summarize its origins and consequences, particularly greater income inequality. An econometric model quantifies the relationship. We conclude that along with higher unemployment and an eroding minimum wage, the growth of the U.S. financial sector has contributed to the exacerbation of inequality in recent decades.
Fused visible and infrared video for use in Wilderness Search and Rescue

Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (mUAVs) have the potential to assist Wilderness Search and Rescue groups by providing a bird's eye view of the search area. This paper proposes a method for augmenting visible-spectrum searching with infrared sensing in order to make use of thermal search clues. It details a method for combining the color and heat information from these two modalities into a single fused display to reduce needed screen space for remote field use. To align the video frames for fusion, a method for simultaneously pre-calibrating the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of the cameras and their mount using a single multi-spectral calibration rig is also presented. A user study conducted to validate the proposed image fusion methods showed no reduction in performance when detecting various objects of interest in this single-screen fused display compared to side-by-side viewing. Most significantly, the users' increased performance on a simultaneous auditory task showed that their cognitive load was reduced when using the fused display.
An Integrin-Linked Machinery of Cytoskeletal Regulation that Enables Experimental Tumor Initiation and Metastatic Colonization

Recently extravasated metastatic cancer cells use the Rif/mDia2 actin-nucleating/polymerizing machinery in order to extend integrin β1-containing, filopodium-like protrusions (FLPs), which enable them to interact productively with the surrounding extracellular matrix; this process governs the initial proliferation of these cancer cells. Here, we identify the signaling pathway governing FLP lifetime, which involves integrin-linked kinase (ILK) and β-parvin, two integrin:actin-bridging proteins that block cofilin-mediated actin-filament severing. Notably, the combined actions of Rif/mDia2 and ILK/β-parvin/cofilin pathways on FLPs are required not only for metastatic outgrowth but also for primary tumor formation following experimental implantation. This provides one mechanistic explanation for how the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program imparts tumor-initiating powers to carcinoma cells, since it enhances FLP formation through the activation of ILK/β-parvin/cofilin pathway.
The new organizational knowledge and its systems foundations

The new organizational knowledge for the 21st Century enterprise is imagined by some to reside principally in networked teams of information-sharing human experts. The firm's human resources are judged in this environment to be its only sustainable competitive advantage. I speculate that, to the contrary, the new organizational knowledge will be increasingly more system-based as compared to person-based. It will, however change in composition. Relative to the past, it will be more core-technical as compared to administrative, more transaction-oriented as compared to production-oriented, and more global and industry-specific as compared to local and firm-specific. A case study is used to illustrate these points. I conclude that, where sustainable competitive advantage can be achieved, it is likely to be based on technical, production-oriented, firm-specific business logic, and on the collective competence of the firm's people and systems taken together. Several lessons for systems management follow from these conclusions.
Relationship between melioration and the controlling variables

Knowledge of specific instances of melioration does not imply knowledge of the variables controlling behavior. Drug self-administration has been successfully analyzed in terms of standard variables such as the immediacy and magnitude of the drug reinforcer. An appeal to melioration may not be necessary.
Richard Frederick Deckert (1878–1971), Florida naturalist and natural history artist

Richard Deckert (born in Germany in 1878, immigrated to New York in 1887, died in Florida in 1971) was a polymath with great enthusiasm and wide ranging interests in natural history. His collections and publications did much to document the reptiles, amphibians, and land snails of Florida. His contributions to natural history illustration were equally important, as his carefully detailed line drawings and water colour paintings delineated the intricate details of snails, fishes, amphibians, and reptiles (particularly snakes and turtles), as well as fossil vertebrates, and were used in a wide range of systematic publications. Deckert also contributed to the modernization of fish taxidermy, leading to the current methods for creating lifelike fish mounts. This paper documents his scientific and artistic work.
Developing autonomic distributed scientific applications: a case study from history matching using ensemblekalman-filters

The development of a simple effective distributed applications that can utilize multiple distributed resources remains challenging. Therefore, not surprisingly, it is difficult to implement advanced application characteristics - such as autonomic behaviour for distributed applications. Notwithstanding, there exist a large class of applications which could benefit immensely with support for autonomic properties and behaviour. For example, many applications have irregular and highly variable resource requirements which are very difficult to predict in advance. As a consequence of irregular execution characteristics, dynamic resource requirements are difficult to predict a priori thus rendering static resource mapping techniques such as work flows ineffective; in general the resource utilization problem can be addressed more efficiently using autonomic approaches. This paper discusses the design and development of a prototype framework that can support many of the requirements of Autonomic applications that desire to use Computational Grids. We provide here an initial description of the features and the architecture of the Lazarus framework developed using SAGA, integrate it with an Ensemble Kalman Filter application, and demonstrate the advantages - performance and lower development cost, of the framework. As proof of concept we deploy Lazarus on several different machines on the TeraGrid, and show the effective utilization of several heterogeneous resources and distinct performance enhancements that autonomics provides. Careful analysis provides insight into the primary reason underlying the performance improvements, namely a late-binding and an optimal choice of the configuration of resources selected.
Quantitative proteomics analysis of adsorbed plasma proteins classifies nanoparticles with different surface properties and size

Nanoparticle biological activity, biocompatibility and fate can be directly affected by layers of readily adsorbed host proteins in biofluids. Here, we report a study on the interactions between human blood plasma proteins and nanoparticles with a controlled systematic variation of properties using (18)O-labeling and LC-MS-based quantitative proteomics. We developed a novel protocol to both simplify isolation of nanoparticle bound proteins and improve reproducibility. LC-MS analysis identified and quantified 88 human plasma proteins associated with polystyrene nanoparticles consisting of three different surface chemistries and two sizes, as well as, for four different exposure times (for a total of 24 different samples). Quantitative comparison of relative protein abundances was achieved by spiking an (18)O-labeled "universal" reference into each individually processed unlabeled sample as an internal standard, enabling simultaneous application of both label-free and isotopic labeling quantification across the entire sample set. Clustering analysis of the quantitative proteomics data resulted in distinctive patterns that classified the nanoparticles based on their surface properties and size. In addition, temporal data indicated that the formation of the stable protein corona was at equilibrium within 5 min. The comprehensive quantitative proteomics results obtained in this study provide rich data for computational modeling and have potential implications towards predicting nanoparticle biocompatibility.
Further evidence that serotonin mediates the steroid-independent inhibition of luteinizing hormone secretion in anestrous ewes.

Two photoperiod-controlled neuroendocrine systems appear to suppress secretion of tonic luteinizing hormone (LH) in anestrous ewes: a steroid-independent system that decreases LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes and a steroid-dependent system whereby estradiol gains the capacity to suppress LH pulse frequency in anestrus. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that serotonergic neurons inhibit LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes and to examine the possible interaction of this system with the steroid-dependent inhibition of LH pulse frequency in the anestrous season. In Experiment 1, i.v. injection of serotonin receptor antagonist, methysergide, significantly increased LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes during the anestrous season. In Experiment 2, we examined the effects of oral administration of parachlorophenylalanine for 5 days on the synthesis of serotonin. This treatment significantly increased LH pulse frequency in ovariectomized ewes, but had no effect on the negative feedback action of estradiol. These data support the hypothesis that a serotonergic neural system mediates the steroid-independent inhibition of LH pulse frequency in anestrous ewes and suggest that this system is not absolutely essential for the functioning of the steroid-dependent system responsible for the negative feedback action during the anestrous season.
Follicular neoplasms of the thyroid. A study of 44 cases followed for a minimum of 10 years, with emphasis on differential diagnosis

Forty-four follicular thyroid neoplasms followed for a minimum of 10 years are presented. The cases were divided into four categories: follicular adenoma (19 cases), encapsulated follicular carcinoma (7 cases), invasive follicular carcinoma (11 cases), and the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma (7 cases). The former two tumor types were distinguished by the presence of capsular invasion in encapsulated follicular carcinoma (which was defined as lacking extension into the surrounding thyroid) and by the frequent thinness of the capsule in follicular adenoma, while the latter two (which both infiltrated adjacent thyroid or extrathyroid tissue) were separated primarily on the basis of the tendency toward vesicular and hypochromatic nuclear staining in the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, but with consideration of a number of other factors in addition. No patient with follicular adenoma had any further difficulty after removal of the lesion. Metastasis to cervical lymph nodes occurred in five cases of the follicular variant of papillary carcinoma, but there were no distant metastases or deaths due to tumor. By contrast, three patients with encapsulated follicular carcinoma and nine with invasive follicular carcinoma died of tumor, and all of these had distant metastasis (most often to bone). Local recurrence was seen only in invasive follicular carcinoma (six cases).
The Most Brutal and Inexcusable Error in Counting?: Trinity and Consistency

The A. asks whether the doctrine of the Trinity is a contradiction. He attempts to provide one metaphysical model that shows promise as the logical skeleton of a consistent version of trinitarian monotheism. The doctrine of the Trinity is monotheistic. Trinitarian monotheism denies that more than one individual is God, that the beings closest to being creators and providences lack omnipotence and omniscience, that the world is gerrymandered among finite caretakers under no omnicompetent supervision. The trinitarian doctrine is not pantheistic. The parts of Deity are necessarily internally connected
Cooperative virtual MIMO transmissions in wireless networks with system constraints

In this paper, we investigate the issue of cooperative node selection in MIMO communications for wireless ad hoc/sensor networks, where a source node is surrounded by multiple neighbors and all of them are equipped with a single antenna. Given energy, delay and data rate constraints, a source node dynamically chooses its cooperating nodes from its neighbors to form a virtual MIMO system with the destination node (which is assumed to have multiple antennas), as well as adaptively allocates the power level and adjusts the constellation size for each of the selected cooperative nodes. In order to optimize system performance, we jointly consider the optimization of all these parameters, given the aforementioned system constraints. We assume that the source node either has CSI, or has no CSI. Heuristic algorithms, such as maximal channel gain (MCG) and least channel correlation (LCC) algorithms are proposed in order to exploit available system information and to solve the constrained optimization problem.
Drive Cycle Analysis, Measurement of Emissions and Fuel Consumption of a PHEV School Bus

The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) collected and analyzed real-world school bus drive cycle data and selected similar standard drive cycles for testing on a chassis dynamometer. NREL tested a first-generation plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) school bus equipped with a 6.4L engine and an Enova PHEV drive system comprising a 25-kW/80 kW (continuous/peak) motor and a 370-volt lithium ion battery pack. A Bluebird 7.2L conventional school bus was also tested. Both vehicles were tested over three different drive cycles to capture a range of driving activity. PHEV fuel savings in charge-depleting (CD) mode ranged from slightly more than 30% to a little over 50%. However, the larger fuel savings lasted over a shorter driving distance, as the fully charged PHEV school bus would initially operate in CD mode for some distance, then in a transitional mode, and finally in a charge-sustaining (CS) mode for continued driving. The test results indicate that a PHEV school bus can achieve significant fuel savings during CD operation relative to a conventional bus. In CS mode, the tested bus showed small fuel savings and somewhat higher nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions than the baseline comparison bus.
Poly(A) shortening accompanies the activation of translation of five mRNAs during spermiogenesis in the mouse.

I have compared the quantity and the length of the poly(A) tracts of five haploid-expressed mRNAs in the polysomal and nonpolysomal fractions of round and elongating spermatids in mice: transition proteins 1 and 2, protamines 1 and 2, and an unidentified mRNA of about 1050 bases. Postmitochondrial supernatants of highly enriched populations of round and elongating spermatids (early and late haploid spermatogenic cells) were sedimented on sucrose gradients, and the size and amount of each mRNA in gradient fractions were analyzed in Northern blots. In round spermatids, all five mRNAs are restricted to the postpolysomal fractions, but in elongating spermatids about 30–40% of each mRNA is associated with the polysomes. The distribution of these mRNAs in sucrose gradients suggests that all five mRNAs are stored in a translationally repressed state in round and early elongating spermatids, and that they become translationally active in middle and late elongating spermatids. The translationally repressed forms of all five mRNAs are long and homogenous in size, whereas the polysomal forms are shorter and more heterogenous due to shortening of their poly(A) tracts. The relationship between translational activity and poly(A) size exemplified by these five mRNAs may be typical of mRNAs which are translationally repressed in round spermatids and translationally active in elongating spermatids.
Changes in dietary patterns: One approach to meeting standards

Sample diets for men and women were planned to meet dietary standards drawn from Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the 1980 Recommended Dietary Allowances.
Exploring linked open data with tag clouds

In this paper we present the contextual tag cloud system: a novel application that helps users explore a large scale RDF dataset. Unlike folksonomy tags used in most traditional tag clouds, the tags in our system are ontological terms (classes and properties), and a user can construct a context with a set of tags that defines a subset of instances. Then in the contextual tag cloud, the font size of each tag depends on the number of instances that are associated with that tag and all tags in the context. Each contextual tag cloud serves as a summary of the distribution of relevant data, and by changing the context, the user can quickly gain an understanding of patterns in the data. Furthermore, the user can choose to include RDFS taxonomic and/or domain/range entailment in the calculations of tag sizes, thereby understanding the impact of semantics on the data. The system runs on the BTC2012 dataset with more than 1.4 billion triples from which we extract over 380,000 tags. Several scalability challenges must be overcome in order to achieve a responsive interface.
Delayed interval delivery military style.

Introduction: Intentionally delaying the delivery of a second twin from a previable state to a gestational age when survival is possible is a heroic measure whose outcome is unpredictable. We report the case of delayed interval delivery in a patient transported via air evacuation to a tertiary care center. Case Report: A 31-year-old gravida 3 para 0020 at 18 weeks with a twin gestation presented to a medical treatment facility for evaluation of uterine cramps. She subsequently delivered Twin A. With cessation of labor, the patient was air evacuated to a medical center for continued care. Seven weeks later, she delivered a viable male infant. Discussion: The treatment of multiple gestations presenting with preterm labor or rupture of membranes remains expectant. When delayed delivery of a previable second twin is undertaken, appropriate care includes the use of antibiotics, tocolytics, and cervical cerclage. Anticipation of preterm birth warrants continued care in a tertiary care center offering neonatal intensive care.
Congenital Diseases of the Larynx

The otolaryngologist who is called upon to evaluate respiratory distress in the newborn should be familiar with the various congenital lesions of the larynx. A presumptive diagnosis can usually be made on the basis of the clinical history and physical findings. However, the mainstay of diagnosis is endoscopic examination of the larynx.
Activation of human plasminogen by staphylokinase. Direct evidence that preformed plasmin is necessary for activation to occur.

To directly determine whether the mechanism of activation of human plasminogen (HPg) by staphylokinase (Sak) required formation of an active complex of Sak and HPg, recombinant (r) variants of HPg were examined that allowed dissection of the steps involved in this activation. The rate of activation of wild-type (wt) r-HPg by equimolar levels of Sak was enhanced when small amounts of human plasmin (HPm) were included, suggesting that a Sak-HPm complex was a more effective plasminogen activator than a putative Sak-HPg complex. Incubation of equimolar Sak with a cleavage site resistant mutant of HPg (r-[R561 A]HPg) did not result in generation of amidolytic activity of the complex, in contrast to a similar experiment with streptokinase (SK) in place of Sak, where substantial amidolytic activity was generated. This result supplies evidence that an active complex of Sak and HPg does not form, as is the case with SK. Another mutant, r-[D646E]HPg, which, upon activation, would lead to a form of HPm defective in enzymatic activity, is also not converted to its two-chain form by Sak, but is converted to the inactive two-chain form by urokinase, a direct plasminogen activator, and by equimolar complexes of SK or Sak with wtr-HPm. This shows that the active site of HPm is the functional plasminogen activator entity in the Sak-HPm complex. These results show that the mechanism of activation of HPg by Sak proceeds in a distinctly different manner than the similar activation by SK. Although SK does not require the presence of HPm for this activation, a necessary condition for the activation by Sak is formation of a small amount of HPm generated via another activation pathway. These different mechanisms have significant implications in production of the fibrinolytic state by these two indirect bacterial plasminogen activators.
Resource Demands and PV Integration

The purpose of Chapter 5 is to offer a brief examination of the potential scalability of solar photovoltaic cells and modules based on the following semiconductors: Si, CdTe, and CIGS (cells operating under conventional one Sun illumination) as well as Ge and GaAs (cells operating under concentrated sunlight). To a first order approximation, the amount of precious semiconductor material that will be required to achieve a relatively modest peak power output of one terawatt is investigated. Finally, soft costs, solar energy storage, and the evolution of the electric grid are discussed.
In-cell recording and stimulation of neural activity by engulfed microelectrodes

C neuroscientists study the electrical activity of large populations of neurons using arrays of extracellular microelectrodes (MEAs). Whereas this technology permits high density, simultaneous, long-term recording of extracellular field potentials, it is “blind” to sub threshold synaptic potentials generated by single cells and thus precludes the deciphering of large-scale processes of plasticity, learning and memory. Intracellular recordings of the full electrophysiological spectrum which includes sub threshold synaptic potentials, membrane oscillations and action potentials, are obtained only by the traditional sharpor patch-microelectrodes and are limited to single cells at a time and for short periods of time. Here, the development of novel arrays of protruding mushroom-shaped microelectrodes is presented. This neuro-electronic sensor is based on three converging cell biological principles: (1) the activation of endocytotic mechanisms by which the cultured cells are induced to actively engulf the protruding electrodes, (2) the tightening of the cleft between the cell’s membrane and the engulfed electrode, generating high seal resistance, and (3) the localization of ionic channels in the plasma membrane that faces the active region of the sensor. This technology merges the advantages of extracellular MEAs and intracellular microelectrodes and enables for the first time long-term, multi-site, parallel in-cell recording of intracellular sub threshold neuronal events. Further development and application of this sensing modality will help steer brain-circuit research toward previously uncharted territories.
Histone Deacetylation Makes an Important Contribution to Chromatin Condensation and Enucleation during Murine Erythroblast Terminal Differentiation.

Mammalian erythroid differentiation is characterized by progressive chromatin condensation and culminates in nuclear extrusion. Core histone modifications are known to play a significant role in formation of heterochromatin in several other differentiated cell types. To elucidate molecular mechanisms governing changes in mammalian erythroblast chromatin preceding enucleation, we used a model system in which Friend virus-infected murine spleen erythroblasts undergo terminal differentiation and enucleation in vitro during 0–44 hours. At the conclusion of terminal differentiation of murine erythroblasts, we found that histone H3(K9) dimethylation markedly increased while acetylation of histone H3(K9) and histone H4(K12) dramatically decreased, strongly correlating with nuclear chromatin condensation. To test the effects of altering histone deacetylation on chromatin condensation and enucleation, we added either 1 or 2 mM sodium butyrate, an inhibitor of histone deacetylase, to cultures of mouse erythroblasts and compared specific parameters of differentiation with untreated control cells, which normally terminally differentiate at 44 hrs. Western blotting revealed that control cells had the predicted dramatic decrease in histone H4(K12) acetylation while 1 mM or 2mM butyrate-treated erythroblasts did not show diminished levels of acetylation. Numbers of erythroblasts were 5- and 8-fold higher at 44 hrs in cultures treated with 1 and 2mM butyrate, respectively, compared to untreated control cells and there was a correlated marked reduction in expelled nuclei and young reticulocytes. We also found that nuclei in the butyrate-treated erythroblast populations were 1.5 fold larger relative to nuclei with condensed chromatin in terminally differentiated erythroblasts in control cultures. Evaluation of hemoglobinization of erythroblasts by benzidine/hemotoxin staining showed that hemoglobin synthesis continued after butyrate treatment, indicating cell viability and the absence of significant butyrate-induced apoptosis. In sum, these data show that butyrate exposure maintains erythroblasts in a nucleated state with relatively uncondensed chromatin and inhibits them from normally differentiating into young reticulocytes. Thus widespread deacetylation of histones appears to be necessary to achieve extensive chromatin condensation during mammalian erythroid maturation. Our data add support to the attractive idea that during normal mammalian erythropoiesis chromatin condensation may be essential for the transition from nucleated erythroblasts to enucleated reticulocytes.