cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Architectonic elucidation for a network organization

There are many actual groups that rely on networks to organize their activities. Arab Spring and Science Teams are two examples. One of our original motivations in this work was to build models that explain and understand how these groups form and operate. We have recognized that there are many environments that do not yet take full advantage of network features (e.g., electric and water supply coops). This prompted our second motivation to propose an automation model using networks for the latter group. We then wanted to combine our motivations to conceive of a unified model of network organizations. A unified model seemed to be limited to requirements of specific domains. In order to extricate ourselves from domains, we considered modeling at a more generalized level that cut across domains. The best way to formulate this was to consider a perspective that would model a generic network organization. This perspective came to be considered, in this paper, as a paradigm. For network centricity in this paradigm, synergy and social capital are introduced as specific network effects to enhance performance at various levels of an organization.
Solvent effects on infrared frequencies—III: The carbony bands of ethyl acetate, ethyl trichloroacetate and ethyl trifluoroacetate

Abstract The infrared absorption of the carbonyl stretching vibrations of ethyl acetate, ethyl trichloroacetate and ethyl trifluoroacetate has been studied in various solvents. Particular attention has been given to mixed solvents of n-hexane-chloroform and n-hexane-ethanol. All three solutes associate with chloroform; the strength of the interaction decreases progressively in going from ethyl acetate to ethyl trifluoroacetate. Similar effects are observed in mixtures of n-hexane and ethanol with the exception that the solute—solvent interaction is modified considerably by the self-association of the ethanol. The interpretation of the data in terms of classic bulk-dielectric theories is discussed and it is concluded that such theories cannot satisfactorily explain the observed frequency shifts.
Whole-body protein turnover in the fed state is reduced in response to dietary protein restriction in lactating women

We examined the adaptive responses of body protein metabolism in the fed state to dietary protein restriction in lactating women to determine whether rates of body protein degradation and synthesis were lower than those of nonlactating women. Thirteen healthy women (five lactating, four nonlactating postpartum, four nulliparous) aged 28-32 y were given protein intakes of 1.5, 0.4, and 1.0 g.kg -1 .d -1 over three consecutive 3-d periods, respectively. At the end of each period, while in the fed state, subjects received orally a single bolus dose of [1- 13 C]leucine. A 24-h urine collection was obtained simultaneously. Whole-body protein metabolism was characterized by using the end product model based on nitrogen excretion and leucine catabolism. Nitrogen flux and rates of protein degradation and synthesis in the fed state were significantly lower at a dietary protein intake of 1.0 g.kg -1 .d -1 in lactating women than in their nonlactating postpartum counterparts. Net protein retention in the fed state was significantly higher at a dietary protein intake of 1.0 g.kg -1 .d -1 in lactating than in nonlactating postpartum and nulliparous women because of the relatively greater reduction in protein degradation than in protein synthesis. These studies suggest that lactating women rapidly adapt to dietary protein restriction by down-regulating protein metabolism, and that 13 C-labeled amino acid tracers in combination with urinary nitrogen excretion serve as useful metabolic markers for the adequacy of the dietary protein content of lactating women.
Polymicrobial keratitis secondary to Burkholderia ambifaria, enterococcus, and staphylococcus aureus in a patient with herpetic stromal keratitis.

Abstract Purpose To report polymicrobial keratitis in a patient with herpetic stromal keratitis. The initial infecting organism, Burkholderia ambifaria, has not previously been reported to cause microbial keratitis. Methods Clinical evaluation and corneal culture were performed. Results A 59-year-old-man undergoing topical corticosteroid therapy for herpes simplex stromal keratitis developed corneal infection with B. ambifaria. The organism was reisolated 12 days after initiation of hourly therapy with topical levofloxacin 0.5%. At reculture Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus spp. were also isolated. The addition of topical amikacin and vancomycin led to resolution of the microbial keratitis. Conclusions Burkholderia ambifaria infected a compromised cornea, exhibited an unusual sensitivity profile, and remained viable after 12 days of therapy with an antibiotic to which it was sensitive by in vitro tests.
Solitary renal allografts from pediatric cadaver donors less than 2 years of age transplanted into adult recipients.

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of solitary pediatric renal allografts from donors 2 years of age or younger into adult recipients is controversial. METHODS: Between 1998 and 2001, 15 solitary renal allografts from pediatric donors 2 years of age or younger were transplanted into adult recipients. Thirty-three en bloc renal allografts transplanted between 1994 and 2001 were used for comparison. En bloc kidneys were considered for separation if they measured greater than or equal to 6 cm in length. Renal function (creatinine clearance [CrCl]) was estimated using the Cockroft-Gault formula. RESULTS: Two-year graft survival for the solitary and en bloc groups were 93% and 77%, respectively (P =0.405). Five grafts were lost because of arterial thrombosis (four en bloc and one solitary). Ureteral complications occurred in three grafts in the en bloc group. One-year postoperative CrCl of the surviving solitary (n=14) and en bloc (n=26) grafts were 51.4+/-26.2 mL/min and 55.1+/-27.5 mL/min (P >0.05), respectively. Donor weight and kidney length were greater in the solitary group (14.3+/-3.5 kg and 6.3+/-0.4 cm, respectively) compared with the en bloc group (10.8+/-2.6 kg and 5.9+/-0.3 cm, respectively) (P =0.001 and P <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Separation of en bloc pairs into solitary allografts can be considered when the graft measures greater than or equal to 6 cm in length and donor weight is greater than or equal to 14 kg. The transplantation of solitary pediatric kidneys into adult recipients is successful, and the majority of pediatric en bloc allografts can be separated before transplantation.
Early light imaging for biomedical applications

Objects located in highly scattering biomedical media can be imaged with sub-millimeter spatial resolution using the early light selected by time, spatial, and polarization gates. Spectroscopic fingerprints can provide diagnostic potentials for medical screening by utilizing fluorescence, excitation, absorption, and Raman approaches.
Asymmetric porous membranes formed by coagulation-induced phase separation in poly(ether sulfone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/genistein blends

Abstract Development of asymmetric channel morphology driven by coagulation-induced phase separation of genistein (G) modified poly(ether sulfone)/poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PES/PVP) blends has been examined in relation to their miscibility phase diagram. PES/G pairs turned out to be miscible in the amorphous state, whereas solid–liquid phase separation occurred at high genistein compositions. The solid–liquid phase diagram involving the liquidus and solidus lines were computed self-consistently in the framework of the combined free energy of Flory-Huggins for liquid–liquid phase separation and phase field free energy for crystal solidification. The ternary phase diagram of PES/PVP/G blends was subsequently established that consisted of various coexistence regions. The actual amounts of genistein incorporated in the PES/PVP membranes were determined as a function of weight percent of genistein in feed. On the basis of UV-vis spectroscopy, the extent of genistein leaching during incubation in human blood was evaluated in conjunction with the PVP leaching from the blend membrane.
PROLONGATION OF TOLERANCE TO PULMONARY O 2 TOXICITY BY CASTRATION OF YOUNG MALE RATS

Neonatal animals of several species are relatively resistant to pulmonary O2 toxicity. Young rats progressively lose their O2 tolerance after age 30 days, which is approximately the time of pubertal sex hormone surges. We therefore castrated male (CAST) and female (OVARX) rats at age 20 days and exposed them to hyperoxia at ages 45 to 80+ days to determine whether endocrine changes are important to age-related loss of O2 tolerance. Survival results (100% O2, 72 hrs):
Graded-SiGe-base, poly-emitter heterojunction bipolar transistors

Si/Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x/ heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) fabricated using a low-temperature epitaxial technique to form the SiGe graded-bandgap base layer are discussed. These devices were fabricated on patterned substrates and subjected to annealing cycles used in advanced bipolar processing. These devices, which have base widths under 75 mm, were found to have excellent junction qualities. Due to the small bandgap of SiGe, the collector current at low bias is ten times higher than that for Si-base devices that have a pinched base resistance. This collector current ratio increases to more than 40 at LN/sub 2/ temperature resulting in current gains of 1600 for the SiGe-base transistors despite base sheet resistances as low as 7.5 k Omega / Square Operator . >
Work in progress — Identity development of first-year engineering students through a summer college prep program

Research shows life experiences, specifically community-based shared experiences before the freshman year, are a key factor in professional identity growth, but few studies explore exactly what it is about these experiences that contribute to students' identity development. Our study aims to further understand exactly how this identification happens to assist faculty and program administrators in understanding what ways they can help students identify with their profession in a stronger way. Through a mixed methods research design, we will answer the following research question: How do summer preparatory programs contribute to students' development of an engineering identity? We started with a series of focus groups with participants from a summer engineering transition program which is covered in this paper and will continue in the future with additional focus group data and a quantitative survey at a large research institution and at a military academy. Ultimately, our goal is to uncover how students' develop their professional identities.
“When I Am an Old Woman, I Shall Wear Purple”: Red Hatters Cope with Getting Old

This ethnographic study examined women's friendships in Red Hat Society (RHS) chapters. Qualitative data included in-depth interviews (n = 25), a focus group interview (n = 7), participant observation, and examination of RHS publications. Results suggest that participation in the RHS (1) aids in developing and enhancing positive attitudes about self and aging that contribute to overall well-being, (2) offers the opportunity to obtain instrumental and emotional support, and (3) provides social connections that prevent feelings of social isolation. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential buffering role of RHS participation in women's lives.
User Modeling for a Personal Assistant

We present a user modeling system that serves as the foundation of a personal assistant. The system ingests web search history for signed-in users, and identifies coherent contexts that correspond to tasks, interests, and habits. Unlike past work which focused on either in-session tasks or tasks over a few days, we look at several months of history in order to identify not just short-term tasks, but also long-term interests and habits. The features we use for identifying coherent contexts yield substantially higher precision and recall than past work. We also present an algorithm for identifying contexts that is 8 to 30 times faster than previous algorithms. The user modeling system has been deployed in production. It runs over hundreds of millions of users, and updates the models with a 10-minute latency. The contexts identified by the system serve as the foundation for generating recommendations in Google Now.
Emergency Response Capabilities-Past and Present

This paper focusses on emergency response capabilities at nuclear plants with the TMI-2 accident in perspective. The major thesis is that accident prevention by plant operators is the keystone, and the development of the Safety Parameter Display Systems (SPDS) is an essential operator's aid for thinking-through, and formulating strategies for preventing serious accidents from occuring. Human limits for processing information under stress is matched to the SPDS capability for displaying key plant safety variables in a concise, readily understandable manner. The industry response and general experience with the SPDS is reviewed. It is suggested that the SPDS, together with the development of intelligent routines, will play a major role in future improvements in emergency response capability.
The validity of the modified equation for nonlinear shock waves

Abstract The modified (model, equivalent) equation is an important tool in designing and analyzing nonlinear difference schemes. In this note, the validity of this principle is rigorously established for nonlinear shock wave solutions and the upwind scheme in a particular case.
Redistribution of myosin heavy chain mRNA in the midregion of stretched muscle fibers.

Myosin mRNA distribution was compared to the distribution of striations, nuclei, and cytoskeletal components in normal fibers and in fibers undergoing growth and repair processes in response to stretch. Plantarflexion of rabbit lower hindlimb for 4 or 6 days resulted in a 35% increase in weight of the tibialis anterior muscle. Slow myosin expression in stretched fibers increased such that the proportion of fibers shifted from the fast type towards an intermediate type. Semi-quantitative in situ hybridization revealed a large increase in concentration of slow myosin mRNA in stretched fibers. Polysomes translating myosin heavy chain were excluded from the intact myofibrillar lattice. Significant increases of myosin mRNA concentration occurred only in the outer 8 μm subsarcolemmal annulus of these stretched fibers (P<0.001) where myofibril formation also was evident. In some fibers, stretch caused myofibrillar disorder where nuclei became centrally located, and focal concentrations of myosin mRNA also occurred. We discuss mechanisms for mRNA accumulation and favor free diffusion to loosely packed cytoplasmic regions where myosin is needed for myofibrillar growth and repair.
Exact Moments and Product Moments of the Order Statistics from the Truncated Logistic Distribution

Abstract The order statistics of an arbitrary size random sample of variates which originate from a logistic distribution with an arbitrary degree of truncation, both one-sided and two-sided, are considered. A general expression for the product moments of the order statistics in the onesided truncation case is derived by application of a formula obtained from the Euler Transformation. A generalization of this formula is used to obtain an expression for the product moments of the order statistics with an arbitrary amount of truncation at either tail of the distribution. All above expressions for the product moments as well as for the first and second ordinary moments are given in terms of finite sums, the terms of which involve only the logarithm and dilogarithm of P, i.e., the constant of truncation.
Compact THz imaging detector

We describe preliminary design, modeling and test results for the development of a monolithic, high pixel density, THz band focal plane array (FPA) fabricated in a commercial CMOS process. Each pixel unit cell contains multiple individual THz band antennae that are coupled to independent amplifiers. The amplified signals are summed either coherently or incoherently to improve detection (SNR). The sensor is designed to operate at room temperature using passive or active illumination. In addition to the THz detector, a secondary array of Visible or SWIR context imaging pixels are interposed in the same area matrix. Multiple VIS/SWIR context pixels can be fabricated within the THz pixel unit cell. This provides simultaneous, registered context imagery and "Pan sharpening" MTF enhancement for the THz image. The compact THz imaging system maximizes the utility of a ~ 300 μm x 300 μm pixel area associated with the optical resolution spot size for a THz imaging system operating at a nominal ~ 1.0 THz spectral frequency. RF modeling is used to parameterize the antenna array design for optimal response at the THz frequencies of interest. The quarter-wave strip balanced bow-tie antennae are optimized based on the semiconductor fabrication technology thin-film characteristics and the CMOS detector input impedance. RF SPICE models enhanced for THz frequencies are used to evaluate the predicted CMOS detector performance and optimal unit cell design architecture. The models are validated through testing of existing CMOS ROICs with calibrated THz sources.
A Review of the Preclinical Development of Zaleplon, a Novel Non-Benzodiazepine Hypnotic for the Treatment of Insomnia

SUMMARY Zaleplon (N-[3-(3-cyanopyrazolo[l,5-a]pyrimidin-7-y l)phenyl)]-N-ethylacetamide) is a non-benzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic with benzodiazepine-like sedative effects, but with less apparent liability for accompanying undesirable side effects. Zaleplon displaces [3H]flunitrazepam from rat cortical membranes with an IC50 value of 200 nM and enhances t-butylbicyclophosphorothionate [35S]TBPS binding by 73%, suggesting pharmacological activity mediated by the GABAA benzodiazepine receptor complex. In various preclinical procedures such as motor activity, muscle relaxation, EEG, anticonvulsant activity, and vigilance, zaleplon produced effects similar to those of other sedative-hypnotic compounds such as triazolam and flurazepam; furthermore, these effects, when evaluated, were reversed by the benzodiazepine receptor antagonist flumazenil. Zaleplon increased punished (conflict) responding in squirrel monkeys and rats and these effects were also antagonized by flumazenil. When established as a discriminative stimulus in rats at 3.0mg/kg i.p., zaleplon showed a dose-related increase in drug-appropriate responding up to the training dose and a correlated decrease in response rate. Triazolam (0.1 to 1.0 mg/kg), the benzodiazepine partial agonist Ro 17-1812 (0.3 to 3.0mg/kg), and the triazolopyridine CL 218,872 (1.0 to 3.0 mg/kg) substituted consistently for zaleplon in all rats, whereas the imidazo-pyridines zolpidem (3.0 to 10 mg/kg) and alpidem (10 to 30 mg/kg), the benzodiazepine partial agonist bretazenil (0.03 to 10 mg/kg) and the novel putative anxio-lytic CL 273,547 (10 to 56 mg/kg) did not result in consistent drug-appropriate responding in all rats. These results suggest that the effects of zaleplon are similar in many respects to other compounds acting at the benzodiazepine receptor complex but differ as well from both benzodiazepine and non- benzodiazepine drugs. This profile of activity, coupled with additional information in ancillary procedures, yields a pre-clinical profile of a short-acting sedative-hypnotic non-benzodiazepine that is currently in Phase III development for the treatment of sleep disturbances.
Multi-Axis Testing of an Elastomeric Prosthetic Lumbar Disc Compared to a Cadaveric Human Disc

As motion preservation implants begin to replace fusion devices for lumbar degenerative disc disease, preclinical mechanical testing of these devices is critical to predicting their in vivo safety and efficacy. ISO and ASTM standards committees have tried for years to develop a universal test standard for all lumbar disc implants. The eDisc, an elastomeric/titanium disc replacement, is substantially different in its mechanical performance than the Synthes ProDisc or J&J Charite disc. These discs rely on ball and socket motion about a fixed or moving center or rotation to provide motion restoration in 3 to 5 axes. In contrast, the eDisc has viscoelastic motion in 3 translation and 3 rotational directions, just as in the natural human disc.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Pulsed Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis and estimation of severity of aortic insufficiency

Detection and estimation of the degree of chronic aortic insufficiency with pulsed Doppler echocardiography was attempted in 27 patients documented to have aortic insufficiency on aortography. Twenty-five patients had associated aortic stenosis or mitral valve disease, or both. A disturbed diastolic flow within the left ventricular outflow tract was recorded in all but one patient (Doppler sensitivity 96 percent). Aortic insufficiency was clinically undetected in three patients (clinical sensitivity 89 percent). In a small number of patients Doppler echocardiography also appeared to be highly specific for this disorder. The Doppler technique estimated the degree of aortic insufficiency by assessing the distribution of diastolic flow within the outflow tract and the body of the left ventricle. A significant correlation between the Doppler method and the angiographic estimation of aortic insufficiency was found (r = 0.88, p less than 0.01).
Rat Epiphyseal Cartilage: III. Metabolism of Glucose-C14, in vitro.∗

SummaryThe metabolism of glucose-C14 by rat epiphyseal cartilage incubated in vitro has been investigated. While 65% of the metabolized carbon label was recovered in lactate and CO2, 20% was observ...
The Science and Soul of Exhumations: Taking Subjectivity Seriously in Science

: [photo essay, circulation, exhumation, Spanish civil war, archaeology, forensic anthropology]
Binge eating onset in obese patients with binge eating disorder

In this study we examined whether obese women with binge eating disorder (BED) reporting earlier onset binge eating differed from those with later onset binge eating on salient clinical parameters. Subjects were 112 women who sought treatment for BED. Subjects with early ( age 18) did not differ in age, weight, body mass index, or severity of binge eating. Participants were interviewed using the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R, and completed a weight and diet history questionnaire. Early-onset binge eaters were more likely than those with later-onset to binge-eat before dieting, to have early onset of obesity and dieting, to have longer binge-free periods, and more paternal obesity and binge eating. Early-onset binge eaters also reported more eating-disorders psychopathology, and they were more likely to report a lifetime history of bulimia nervosa and DSM-III-R mood disorder. These data suggest that there are marked differences among BED patients presenting for treatment. Further research is needed to determine whether these differences reflect a different etiology or have implications for treatment.
Chemical post-labeling methods for the base composition and sequence analysis of RNA.

Abstract A method for determining the major and minor base composition of ribopolynucleotides by tritium derivatization is presented, which consists of the following steps: 1. enzymatic digestion of the ribopolynucleotide to a mixture of nucleosides; 2. oxidation of the digest with periodate; 3. reduction with tritiated borohydride to labeled nucleoside derivatives; 4. two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography on cellulose; 5. detection of tritium-labeled derivatives by fluorography; 6. liquid scintillation counting The method is extremely sensitive: tritium-labeled digest derived from less than 1 μg of polynucleotide is required for evaluation of the base composition. It is particularly well suited for assaying the modified bases in transfer RNA. Several schemes for sequence analysis by post-labeling of non-radioactive RNA on an ultramicro-analytical scale are discussed. For sensitive detection of tritium-labeled spots on chromatograms, a fluorographic film procedure has been developed.
Antibiotic prophylaxis with azithromycin or penicillin for childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorders

Background The acronym PANDAS (pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections) describes a subgroup of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and/or tic disorder that experience symptom exacerbations following streptococcal infections. We hypothesized that the prevention of streptococcal infections among children in the PANDAS subgroup would decrease neuropsychiatric symptom exacerbations. Methods Twenty-three subjects with PANDAS were enrolled in a double blind, randomized controlled trial. Antibiotic prophylaxis with penicillin or azithromycin was administered for 12 months. Rates of streptococcal infections and neuropsychiatric symptom exacerbations were compared between the study year and the baseline year prior to entry. Results Significant decreases in streptococcal infections during the study year were found with a mean of .1 (.3 SD) per subject, compared to the baseline year with 1.9 (1.2 SD) in the penicillin group and 2.4 (1.1 SD) in the azithromycin group [ p p Conclusions Penicillin and azithromycin prophylaxis were found to be effective in decreasing streptococcal infections and neuropsychiatric symptom exacerbations among children in the PANDAS subgroup.
‘Pseudomonas ’99, The Seventh International Congress on Pseudomonas: Biotechnology and Pathogenesis’, organized by the American Society for Microbiology, was held in Maui, HI, USA, 1–5 September 1999.

I would like to thank the International Advisory Board, and Lisa Nalker and Joelle Pietkiewicz from the American Society for Microbiology Conferences Committee. The symposium was supported by the American Society for Microbiology, Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, Department of Energy, Lilly Research Lab, National Institutes of Health, National Science Foundation, Parke-Davis, PathoGenesis Corporation, Proctor and Gamble, and SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals. I apologize to my colleagues for omitting many excellent presentations owing to space limitations.
Affective responses to service failure: Anger, regret, and retaliatory versus conciliatory responses

After a service failure, consumers make appraisals or assessments about the characteristics of this failure. These appraisals, in turn, affect how a consumer responds emotionally and behaviorally. Using an appraisal-tendency framework, we predict that two negatively valenced emotions (anger and regret) underlie or mediate the effects of consumers’ appraisals about service failure on post-purchase behaviors. Consistent with the predictions, in a laboratory study, we find that anger plays a powerful role in explaining retaliatory behaviors, and that both anger and regret account for the effect of appraisals on conciliatory behaviors. We extend the same appraisal-tendency framework to predict how changes in emotions underlie the effects of recovery efforts on post-purchase behaviors. Again consistent with predictions, in the laboratory study and in a web-based study, we find that recovery efforts that reduce anger decrease retaliatory behaviors. However, both studies provide less clear-cut evidence about the emotional mediators between recovery efforts and conciliatory behaviors. Because conciliatory behaviors are important behaviors for businesses to promote, future research should explore what other emotions explain recovery effort effects on conciliatory behaviors.
Experimental evidence on the cerebral origin of muscle spasticity in acute poliomyelitis.

SummaryEvidence is presented which demonstrates that neither virus activity nor lesions in the spinal cord are necessary pathogenetic factors for the production of the spasticity of acute poliomyelitis. In 2 rhesus monkeys inoculated intracerebrally with poliomyelitis virus and killed in the preparalytic period when marked spasticity was present in the muscles of the legs, as well as elsewhere, no lesions were present in complete serial sections of the lumbosacral cord. In an additional similar case it was also found that no virus was present in the lumbosacral cord. In all cases severe lesions were already present in most of the brain centers usually involved, and neuronal destruction was especially severe in the midbrain tegmentum, reticular formation of the hindbrain, and in the vestibular nuclei. It is concluded that lesions in the brain alone can produce the spasticity of acute poliomyelitis. The pathological origin of this symptom is discussed, and evidence cited for the possible causative role of l...
Dietary modulation of the anorectic potency of amphetamine

The effects of intake of an amphetamine solution on food and fluid intakes, body weight (b.wt.) and feed efficiency (FE) were examined in rats fed either a high-carbohydrate (HC) (65% of total calories) or high-fat (HF) (65% of total calories) diet. During a 17-day predrug period, neither caloric intake, fluid intake, b.wt. nor feed efficiency (FE) differed as a function of diet. When given a 0.1 mg/ml amphetamine sulfate (AMPH) solution as their sole source of fluid, rats in both diet groups decreased fluid intake by an equivalent amount. While diet did not influence AMPH intake, it did alter the drug's effects on caloric intake, b.wt. and FE. In both diet groups, rats drinking AMPH decreased caloric intake, b.wt. gain and FE relative to rats which drank water. However, rats fed the HC diet decreased caloric intake less, but lost more weight than rats fed the HF diet. Further, rats fed the HC diet displayed a rapid tolerance to the anorectic effects of AMPH, with no tolerance to the drug's effect on b.wt. In contrast, rats fed the HF diet suppressed caloric intake throughout the drug period, but weighed more than rats fed the HC diet. Thus, when drinking the AMPH solution, FE of rats fed the HC diet was significantly lower than that of rats fed the HF diet. When the drug was removed, rats eating the HC diet failed to alter caloric intake and b.wt. In contrast, rats fed the HF diet increased caloric intake and gained weight. These data indicate that dietary factors must be considered when evaluating the anorectic actions of psychopharmacological agents.
Carbohydrate Intolerance and Hyperlipemia in Patients with Myocardial Infarction Without Known Diabetes Mellitus

Glucose tolerance tests and cortisone glucose tolerance tests have been carried out in 41 patients with documented myocardial infarction, and the results have been compared with those obtained from a similar group of hospital patients without manifest coronary artery disease. Results of both tests have indicated that patients with a previous myocardial infarction have a higher fasting blood glucose concentration, and do not dispose of an oral glucose load so efficiently. In addition, serum levels of total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides were significantly elevated in patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease. Although patients with an abnormal glucose tolerance test had a higher mean serum triglyceride concentration, there was considerable overlap, and no statistically significant relationship could be demonstrated between carbohydrate intolerance and hyperlipemia. It is suggested that the apparent presence of minimal abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism in a significant number of patients wi...
Norplant contraceptive acceptability among women in five Asian countries.

Abstract An analysis of 1,882 Asian acceptors of Norplant ® implants indicates that method acceptability remained high among the 882 women who used the method for five years. Women who discontinued early from the study were, on average, younger than those who completed five years of use. Also, they had fewer live births and were more likely to desire additional children. Overall, about 70% of the women in these countries found the Norplant ® implant method to be very favorable. The majority (>40%) of the women found the ease and duration of use of the method to be most attractive, while menstrual disturbances were the least-liked aspect of the method. Although it was apparent that there are still some potential obstacles to Norplant ® implant acceptance, most noticeably concerns about menstrual irregularities, interest in continuing the method after five years of use is high. Further research of issues related to Norplant ® implant acceptability may improve continuation rates and overall client satisfaction.
The influence of footwear on timed balance scores of the modified clinical test of sensory interaction and balance.

Abstract Whitney SL, Wrisley DM. The influence of footwear on timed balance scores of the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2004;85:439–43. Objectives To determine if timed balance scores on the modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction and Balance (CTSIB) were affected by shoe wear in patients with balance and vestibular disorders and to determine if there is a difference in correlation with the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) or in the sensitivity or specificity based on footwear. Design Prospective correlational trial. Setting Outpatient clinic. Participants Thirty persons (mean age, 63±17y) currently undergoing vestibular physical therapy (PT). Intervention All subjects completed the modified CTSIB with their shoes on and off at the end of a PT session; 16 of them (53%) also completed the SOT on the same day. Main outcome measures Scores on the modified CTSIB and SOT. Results No difference existed between scores on the modified CTSIB with shoes on versus off. Similar correlation was found between the modified CTSIB performed with the shoes on and off and SOT scores. The sensitivity and specificity of the modified CTSIB was similar with shoes on and off. Conclusions The modified CTSIB can be performed with or without shoes, with no difference expected in patient score or test sensitivity or specificity.
Structure and electrical properties of metastable Sr1−xCuO2-δ thin films

Abstract Thin films of Sr 1−x CuO 2-δ with the infinite-layer structure were grown on (001) SrTiO 3 . The structure and the electrical properties of the films were found to be sensitive to the oxygen pressure during sputtering. Quantitative analysis of X-ray diffraction data indicated that films formed under lower oxygen pressure possessed a larger concentration of defects and higher electrical resistivities.
C-phycocyanin monomer molecular weight.

The monomer molecular weight of C-phycocyanin from three different algal sources was investigated. The techniques used for determining molecular weight included high speed sedimentation equilibrium, osmotic pressure measurements in 6 M guanidine hydrochloride, and cyanogen bromide peptide analysis. All measurements were consistent with a monomer molecular weight of 30000 ± 1000 for C-phycocyanin isolated from all algal sources.
Disposition of a murine monoclonal antibody vinca conjugate (KS1/4-DAVLB) in patients with adenocarcinomas

The pharmacokinetics of a murine monoclonal antibody vinca conjugate (KS1/4-DAVLB) was investigated in 13 patients with adenocarcinomas who received single intravenous doses ranging from 40 to 250 mg/m2 and in three patients who were administered 1.5 mg/kg every 48 to 72 hours for up to 15 doses. Five patients in the single-dose study also received 100 μCi of [3H]-KS1/4-DAVLB. Overall mean values for the pharmacokinetic variables were as follows: elimination half-life, 31.5 hours; distribution volume, 4.43 L; and clearance, 0.09 L/hr. KS1/4-DAVLB demonstrated linear elimination kinetics in both the single- and multiple-dose studies. Significant concentrations of KS1/4-DAVLB were noted in a pleural effusion. Ten percent of the radioactive dose was recovered in the urine and 20% in the feces over a 5-day period. Small molecular weight vinca species were detected in the feces but not in the serum. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1990) 47, 36–41; doi:10.1038/clpt.1990.5
The concept of face validity

The concept of “face validity”, used in the sense of the contrast between “face validity” and “construct validity”, is conventionally understood in a way which is wrong and misleading. The wrong view had relatively limited consequences for research practice per se. However, it is a serious obstacle in theoretical discussions of certain “philosophical” or “foundational” issues. In this brief note I would like to point out the logical defect in the conventional position and correct it by making the necessary distinctions.
Cooperative effects involved in esterolytic reactions of cationic long chain esters catalyzed by benzimidazole-containing polymers

Abstract The solvolyses of positively charged esters with varying chain length catalyzed by benzimidazole, poly[5(6)-vinylbenzimidazole] and copolymers of 5(6)-vinylbenz-imidazole with acrylic acid were studied. Poly[5(6)-vinylbenzimidazole] showed a marked selectivity for the positively charged esters with varying aliphatic chain length but the catalytic activity was suppressed. In order to investigate the more detailed characteristics of the 5(6)-vinylbenzimidazole-acrylic acid copolymers in the solvolyses of these esters, the effects of copolymer composition on their catalytic activities were studied. In the solvolyses of every ester employed, the copolymer compositions affected their catalytic activities. In 40% 1-propanol-water the activities of the copolymers indicated a strong dependence on the carboxylatebenzimidazole-carboxylate triad. These effects were due to strong electrostatic interactions between these sequences and the substrates. The effects of solvent composition on the catalytic activities of the copolymer-catalyzed solvolyses were also investigated. The copolymers of 5(6)-vinylbenzimidazole with acrylic acid were found to have entirely different characteristics in methanol-water than in 1-propanol-water systems. The catalytic ability was found to be a function of the benzimidazole content and on the size of the substrate. Apolar interactions became a dominant force in the methanol-water system.
Enduring an economic crisis: The effect of macroeconomic shocks on intragenerational mobility in Japan

After the burst of its “bubble” economy in 1989, Japan experienced an astonishingly long economic recession whose gravity surpassed any seen in the industrialized world since the 1930s. While this recession is likely to have important consequences on the well-known workplace arrangements and career mobility patterns in that country, systematic analyses of such consequences are nearly absent. This study examines changes in the rates and directions of job mobility in Japan using work history data collected in 2005 from a nationally representative sample of men and women. I find evidence that Japanese firms have largely retained the core elements of the permanent employment system. The norm that stresses men’s loyalty to their employers, however, appears to have weakened, resulting in higher voluntary job turnover among male workers. In addition, the gender gap in lifetime mobility processes has narrowed, but not because Japanese women have gained opportunities in the workplace. Rather, economic stagnation has led to greater fluctuations in employment and wages over men’s life course, thereby closing the gender gap. Beyond illustrating the changing stratification process in Japan, the findings have general implications for understanding how economic crises impact employment relations, institutional transformations, and social change in advanced industrialized countries.
Cavitands with revolving doors regulate binding selectivities and rates in water.

A water-soluble self-folding cavitand has been prepared, featuring four benzoate groups attached to the open end. These benzoates act as rapidly “revolving doors” to the cavity. The cavitand shows ...
Bandgap and resistivity of amorphous semiconductor superlattices

Abstract Measurements of the electrical resistivity and optical bandgap of amorphous semiconductor superlattices consisting of alternating layers of amorphous silicon with amorphous silicon carbide and amorphous silicon nitride are compared with the predictions of a one dimensional quantum-well model.
Galois representations associated with unitary groups over $\mathbb Q$

We show that a cuspidal automorphic representation π= ⊗l≤∞πl of a unitary similitude group GU(a,b)∕ℚ with archimedean component π∞ in a regular discrete series has an associated (a+b)-dimensional p-adic Galois representation with Frobenius eigenvalues given by the local base change parameters for all primes l such that πl and GU(a,b) are unramified.
Effects of the cyclooxygenase-2 specific inhibitor valdecoxib versus nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents and placebo on cardiovascular thrombotic events in patients with arthritis.

There have been concerns that the risk of cardiovascular thrombotic events may be higher with cyclooxygenase (COX)-2–specific inhibitors than nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). We evaluated cardiovascular event data for valdecoxib, a new COX-2–specific inhibitor in approximat
Structural Weight Optimization of Frames Using Tabu Search. I: Optimization Procedure

A class of search techniques, heuristic search methods, and their suitability for structural optimization are considered for discrete optimization problems. The tabu search method is selected for application to structural weight optimization of skeleton structures. The search method is first tested to find the minima of a function in a nonlinear nonconvex optimization mathematical problem, and an algorithm is developed. Further, a computer program is developed that uses tabu search for weight minimization of two-dimensional framed structures. The program, written in the FORTRAN computer language, performs search, structural analysis, and structural design in an iterative procedure. The program is used to optimize the weight of three previously designed frames including three-story/three-bay, nine-story/five-bay, and 20-story/five-bay steel moment resisting frames. The program demonstrated its capability of optimizing the weight of these medium size frames in a reasonable amount of time without requiring engineer interference during the search. The structural weights for the three frames are reduced by an average of 23.4% from their original design weight.
Regularity of the Dirichlet problem for the complex Monge-Ampère equation

Abstract Regularity up to the boundary of the solutions of a boundary value problem for a complex Monge-Ampere equation on perturbations of an annulus in Cn is proven. The result can be applied to the classification of such domains.
What Would a Development-Friendly WTO Architecture Really Look Like?

This paper elaborates on a number of key principles that need to underpin a coherent and development-friendly architecture for the WTO. The key principles include enlarging the scope of WTO bargaining to include labor flows as well as capital flows; creating a structure that would provide a balance between furthering liberalization and providing some discretion or policy space to accommodate the inevitable political constraints; and minimizing the extent of regulatory harmonization. These principles, while applicable to all countries, may have less immediate relevance in addressing the problems of the least developed countries.
Intuitions without concepts lose the game: mindedness in the art of chess

To gain insight into human nature philosophers often discuss the inferior performance that results from deficits such as blindsight or amnesia. Less often do they look at superior abilities. A notable exception is Herbert Dreyfus who has developed a theory of expertise according to which expert action generally proceeds automatically and unreflectively. We address one of Dreyfus’s primary examples of expertise: chess. At first glance, chess would seem an obvious counterexample to Dreyfus’s view since, clearly, chess experts are engaged in deep strategic thought. However, Dreyfus’s argument is subtle. He accepts that analysis and deliberation play a role in chess, yet he thinks that all such thought is predicated on intuitive, arational expert perception, and action. We argue that even the so-called “intuitive” aspect of chess is rational through and through.
A mathematical framework for the optimization of rejection and ROC thresholds in the fusion of correlated sensor data

In pattern recognition applications, significant costs can be associated with various decision options and a minimum acceptable level of confidence is often required. Combat target identification is one example where the incorrect labeling of Targets and Non-targets incurs substantial costs; yet, these costs may be difficult to quantify. One way to increase decision confidence is through fusion of data from multiple sources or from multiple looks through time. Numerous methods have been published to determine optimal rules for the fusion of decision labels or to determine the Bayes’ optimal decision if prior and posterior probabilities along with decision costs can be accurately estimated. This paper introduces a mathematical framework to optimize multiple decision thresholds subject to a decision maker’s preferences, when a continuous measure of class membership is available. Decision variables may include rejection thresholds to specify non-declaration regions and ROC thresholds to explore viable true positive and false positive Target classification rates, where the feasible space can be partially visualized by a 3D ROC surface. This methodology yields an optimal class declaration rule subject to decision maker preferences without using explicit costs associated with each type of decision. Some properties of this optimization framework are shown for Gaussian distributions representing Target and Non-target classes with various prior probabilities and correlation levels between simulated multiple sensor looks.
Geophysical Studies of Continental slope, Scarp, and Basin, Eastern Gulf of Mexico: ABSTRACT

New seismic reflection data south of the Florida Panhandle and west of the Florida Peninsula, on the continental slope, were recorded by personnel from the Department of Oceanography, Texas A & M University, during January and May, 1967. These data correlate with earlier reflection and refraction results and indicate: (1) the anticlinal feature present along the top of the northern section of the West Florida escarpment, which may represent an extension of the Washita-Fredericksburg reef trend, can be followed as far south along the scarp as 27°00^primeN latitude and possibly farther; (2) the "scarp-face reflector" which has been traced under the abyssal plain sediments in the northeastern part of the basin can be followed toward the south to the latitude of Dry ortugas. In the southern section this reflecting horizon becomes "hummocky" and these highs and lows appear to be associated with the inundations present at the top of the scarp; and (3) the reflecting horizons believed to represent the Upper and Lower Cretaceous are identified on the slope as far south as 27°30^primeN. South of this latitude the character of the reflection records changes. This is interpreted to mean that the Tertiary section changes from predominantly clastic toward the northwest to mainly carbonate toward the southeast. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2161------------
Ivory Towers, Dark Towers

SUMMARYThis article discusses some of the social and organizational forces acting on pharmacy educators. It argues that these forces make the presentation of a balanced, in-depth discussion of the pharmaceutical industry extremely difficult. Evidence that the popular culture has demonized pharmaceutical executives to the point of caricature is presented, and the point is offered that this sort of distortion has found its way into the academy. Sources of potential bias against the industry are discussed, as well as the various sins of omission and commission to which pharmacy faculty may be prone which contribute to the negative image of a life-saving industry, as well as suggestions for positive action.