cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Worm-Like Robotic Locomotion with a Compliant Modular Mesh

In order to mimic and better understand the way an earthworm uses its many segments to navigate diverse terrain, this paper describes the design, performance, and sensing capabilities of a new modular soft robotic worm. The robot, Compliant Modular Mesh Worm CMMWorm, utilizes a compliant mesh actuated at modular segments to create waveforms along its body. These waveforms can generate peristaltic motion of the body similar to that of an earthworm. The modular mesh is constructed from 3-D printed and commercially available parts allowing for the testing of a variety of components that can be easily interchanged. In addition to having independently controlled segments and interchangeable mesh properties, CMMWorm also has greater range of contraction 52% of maximum diameter than our previous robot Softworm 73% of maximum diameter. The six-segment robot can traverse flat ground and pipes. We show that a segment is able to detect the wall of a pipe and return to its initial position using actuator-based load-sensing. A simple kinematic model predicts the outer diameter of the worm robot's mesh as a function of encoder position.
Screening of different computational models for the preparation of sol–gel imprinted materials

Different computational models were used and screened to find a rational way in selecting the appropriate functional silane monomer for the best molecular imprinted xerogel (MIX) formulation. Several functional silane monomers were used and allowed to react with a template model, tetracycline (TC). The resulting template-monomer complex molecules were first optimized and their interaction energies (IEs) were calculated using different computational methods such as semi-empirical methods, ab-initio methods, density functional theory (DFT) methods and solvent model method. The formulations used for calculation were also prepared and their performance in binding with TC was determined using tritium labeled sample. Results showed that the rankings of the different formulations varied with the different computational methods. However, rankings of the IEs of the xerogels are similar to that of the imprinting factor (IF) when HF and B3LYP at SV(P) and SVP basis set levels were used. The best imprinted xerogel, allyltriethoxysilane (AtEOS) ranked first in ten out of the 26 computational models that were screened and at all computational methods at tetramer system.
Fluid Flow Estimates in Molybdenum Mine Rock Piles Using Borehole Temperature Logs

Temperature logs at 18 drill-holes in the four large Roadside rock piles at the molybdenum mine near Questa, NM, allow the fitting of equations representing heat transfer to temperature data, providing estimates of vertical and horizontal flow. From first-order approximations, the analyses indicate considerable fluid flow and heat transfer by advection, which is consistent with previous models. Because the rock piles are typically water unsaturated (liquid not encountered in the rock pile at drill-holes above the Red River), and because vapors are observed coming from the ground surface at some locations, most of the fluid flux in the rock piles is likely gas phase. Temperature logs at the 18 sites and sample characterizations at many of the sites indicate that pyrite oxidation may often occur preferentially over a depth interval of ∼10–20 m, which is at depths of ∼⅓ to ⅔ of the depth of the drill-hole. Flows deduced from the T logs indicate that 1) pyrite oxidation is an important driver of present flow; 2) large amounts of air flow occur in the rock piles, consistent with necessary oxygen for pyrite oxidation; 3) present-day three-dimensional flows are possible in the rock piles; 4) thermal conditions in the rock piles are very heterogeneous; and 5) flow patterns are complicated and may vary with time. Temperature increases of 2–20°C are noted near the water table at the base of the rock piles in a few wells, indicating advection of heat from the rock pile and possible deep pile fluid circulation.
About “Origin and evolution of the free radical theory of aging: a brief personal history, 1954–2009”

Aging is the progressive accumulation in an organism of diverse, deleterious changes with time that increase the chance of disease and death. The basic chemical process underlying aging was first advanced by the free radical theory of aging (FRTA) in 1954: the reaction of active free radicals, normally produced in the organisms, with cellular constituents initiates the changes associated with aging. The involvement of free radicals in aging is related to their key role in the origin and evolution of life. The initial low acceptance of the FRTA by the scientific community, its slow growth, manifested by meetings and occasional papers based on the theory, prompted this account of the intermittent growth of acceptance of the theory over the past nearly 55 years.
Flashovers on Transmission Lines

This paper is intended to be of practical use to transmission line engineers in that it shows how transmission line flashovers may be estimated and segregated into 1, 2, and 3 phase, and double circuit, flashovers. The method of calculation is comparatively simple and based upon analyses of statistical and analytical information.
A new Lewisia (Portulacaceae) from the Sierra Nevada of California

Lewisia serrata, known from only three localities in the American River drainage of Eldorado and Placer counties, California, is described as a new species. Its closest relatives areL. cantelowii J. T. Howell andL. columbiana (T. Howell) Rob.
The effects of endemic schistosomiasis and of hycanthone on the mental ability of African school children.

Abstract 354 primary school children aged 8 to 12 years were examined: 134 were found to have schistosomiasis. During a period of 1 year, they were tested at intervals for intellectual ability (using Raven's progressive matrices) and it was found that the infected children were significantly (P Treatment with intramuscular hycanthone mesylate (Etrenol, Winthrop Laboratories) produced a significant (P 0·05). 6 months after giving hycanthone 11% (10/91) of the children were passing viable ova in their urine.
Diastolic ventricular dysfunction as a marker for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a family with a novel alpha-tropomyosin mutation.

Abstract Background Early identification of familial cases of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depends on screening echocardiography, but hypertrophy may not be the most sensitive marker for the disease. We report the echocardiographic findings of a family with HCM and a newly reported mutation in the gene (TPM1) encoding α-tropomyosin. Methods and results An 8-year-old girl had sudden cardiac death, and was found to have HCM and a novel L185R-TPM1 mutation on postmortem examination. Screening echocardiograms and DNA analyses were performed on her family. Of the 5 remaining family members, 3 were genetically affected. Those without the TPM1 mutation had normal echocardiographic results. The only echocardiographic finding that identified all 3 of the gene-positive family members was an abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling pattern. Conclusion Abnormal left ventricular diastolic filling patterns, indicating diastolic dysfunction, may provide an early marker for the diagnosis of familial HCM in children, even in the absence of left ventricular hypertrophy.
Serial magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Balò's concentric sclerosis: natural history of lesion development.

We reviewed the magnetic resonance imaging scans from 22 serial studies of 5 patients with Balo's concentric sclerosis collected during the past 3 years. The data showed the concentric lesions did not occur simultaneously but developed step by step in a centrifugal direction. The development of lesions was preceded by an enhancing ring relatively devoid of demyelination and was followed by progressive demyelination occurring mainly at the inner aspect of the enhancement. The same process recurred on the edge of the previous enhanced zone. Thus, an appearance of concentric rings with alternating demyelinated and relatively myelin-preserved bands was formed.
Taming aggressive replication in the Pangaea wide-area file system

Pangaea is a wide-area file system that supports data sharing among a community of widely distributed users. It is built on a symmetrically decentralized infrastructure that consists of commodity computers provided by the end users. Computers act autonomously to serve data to their local users. When possible, they exchange data with nearby peers to improve the system's overall performance, availability, and network economy. This approach is realized by aggressively creating a replica of a file whenever and wherever it is accessed.This paper presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Pangaea file system. Pangaea offers efficient, randomized algorithms to manage highly dynamic and potentially large groups of file replicas. It applies optimistic consistency semantics to replica contents, but it also offers stronger guarantees when required by the users. The evaluation demonstrates that Pangaea outperforms existing distributed file systems in large heterogeneous environments, typical of the Internet and of large corporate intranets.
Europe's Structural Idol: An American Federalist Republic?

Advocates of the European Union (EU) aspire to a United States of Europe, a political union with its own character and voice, but unified peacefully and democratically along the lines of the United States of America. A long line of elites have invoked the Philadelphia Convention and announced ambitions of matching American strength and unity. Then-President of France Jacques Chirac urged, “The European Union itself [must] become a major pole of international equilibrium, endowing itself with the instruments of a true power.” Similar statements from others could be multiplied tediously. These sentiments are not confined to elites; an impressive majority of European citizens want the EU to be a peer competitor of the United States. But what would it take to make a political union, a major pole, out of Europe? The received wisdom is ever-closer union, a gradual process of trialand-error economic and administrative cooperation, where success is neither continuous nor automatic yet is nevertheless occurring—and at a respectable clip too. Analysts at the Central Intelligence Agency predict that Europe will unite by 2015, and Charles Kupchan makes the case that European integration
Regression toward the mean: more on the price of beer and the salaries of priests

Investigators must take great care in studying the temporal association between biological and clinical data. By selecting patients on the basis of deviant levels of a biological parameter, it often is impossible to separate the effect of regression toward the mean from a temporal association of clinical interest. Experimental strategies that focus exclusively on subjects with extreme values are particularly prone to misinterpreting the effects of regression toward the mean as a temporal change in the variable of interest. We cite specific examples of two previous studies of the relationship between the dexamethasone suppression test (DST) and clinical response in depression. Contrary to the conclusions of the investigators, normalization of the DST had no relation to clinical response in the first 5 weeks of treatment. The decrease of post-dexamethasone cortisol levels occurred regardless of clinical response, most likely due to the effect of regression toward the mean.
Numerical dispersion characteristics and stability factor for the TD-FD method

The relationship between the stability factor and the numerical dispersion characteristics for the TD-FD method using the leap-frog approximation of Maxwell's curl equations has been investigated. It is necessary to use a value close to the highest acceptable value of the stability factor to minimise the dispersion effect.
Practical Method for the Multigram Separation of the 5- and 6-Isomers of Carboxyfluorescein

An efficient preparative method for separating 5- and 6-carboxyfluorescein is presented. 6-Carboxyfluorescein dipivalate is isolated as its diisopropylamine salt, which can be converted to the free acid or used directly in coupling reactions. The 5-isomer is isolated from the acidified mother liquor. Isomerically pure carboxyfluoresceins are prepared by hydrolysis of the corresponding dipivalates.
The role of membrane structure and function in cellular aging: a review.

Abstract A survey of the available theoretical and experimental evidence is given regarding the cell membrane properties, such as the membrane fluidity, potassium permeability, etc., which are involved in the regulation of intracellular ion contents. These properties of the membrane undergo some age-dependent alterations in numerous cells studied so far, resulting in an increase of the intracellular potassium content. This phenomenon has a serious inhibitory effect on the rates of enzymatic catalyses involved in the protein synthesis, and may explain the decreased protein synthetic capacity of the old cells. Data are presented indicating that some changes in the membrane permeability are also involved in the malignant transformation of the cells; however, these are of opposite direction as compared to aging of cells. The “membrane hypothesis” of aging based on these facts seems to be a useful experimental approach to the problem of cellular aging.
Neonatal paroxetine withdrawal syndrome

Four term neonates presented with symptoms such as jitteriness and necrotising enterocolitis after paroxetine exposure in utero.
Gatekeeping layer effect: a poly(lactic acid)-coated mesoporous silica nanosphere-based fluorescence probe for detection of amino-containing neurotransmitters.

We have synthesized a poly(lactic acid) coated MCM-41-type mesoporous silica nanosphere (PLA-MSN) material can serve as a fluorescence sensor system for detection of amino-containing neurotransmitters in neutral aqueous buffer. Utilizing the PLA layer as a gatekeeper, we investigated the molecular recognition events between several structurally simple neurotransmitters, i.e., dopamine, tyrosine, and glutamic acid and a pore surface-anchored o-phthalic hemithioacetal (OPTA) group, which functions as a fluorescence-sensing group that can react with the neurotransmitters with primary amine groups and form the corresponding fluorescent isoindole products. The poly(lactic acid) layer of the PLA-MSN sensor showed a unique “sieving” effect that regulates the rates of diffusion of the amino acid-based neurotransmitters into the sensor mesopores of the material.
Secant varieties of toric varieties

Abstract Let X P be a smooth projective toric variety of dimension n embedded in P r using all of the lattice points of the polytope P . We compute the dimension and degree of the secant variety Sec X P . We also give explicit formulas in dimensions 2 and 3 and obtain partial results for the projective varieties X A embedded using a set of lattice points A ⊂ P ∩ Z n containing the vertices of P and their nearest neighbors.
Theory of charge transfer at surfaces and interfaces

Abstract Surfaces and interfaces are important for both science and technology. Stimulated and challenged by sophisticated experimental techniques applied to their study on well prepared and characterized materials, theory — especially local density electronic structure theory — has responded in what may be called a dramatic fashion. This paper describes some aspects of the present state of self-consistent all-electron local density theory for treating surfaces, interfaces and overlayers. Following a review of the methodology, results of detailed calculations on representative specific systems are presented which illustrate the important role of charge transfer; the understanding acquired from these studies will be described and discussed.
Knuckle Walking Hand Postures in an Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

AN obese 16 yr old male orangutan, named Felix, at the Chicago Zoological Park, Brookfield, Illinois, consistently places his hands in knuckle walking postures while sitting-resting (Fig. 1), sitting-feeding and engaging in a distinctive mode of squatting bipedal progression.
Delay-dependent Stability Criteria for Markovian Switching Networks with Time-varying Delay

Abstract A problem of feedback stabilization of hybrid systems with time-varying delay and Markovian switching is considered. Delay-dependent sufficient conditions for stability based on linear matrix inequalities (LMI's) for stochastic asymptotic stability is obtained. The stability result depended on the mode of the system and of delay-dependent. The robustness results of such stability concept against all admissible uncertainties are also investigated. This new delay-dependent stability criteria is less conservative than the existing delay-independent stability conditions. An example is given to demonstrate the obtained results.
End-user software engineering

End-user programming has become the most common form of programming in use today [2], but there has been little investigation into the dependability of the programs end users create. This is problematic because the dependability of these programs can be very important; in some cases, errors in end-user programs, such as formula errors in spreadsheets, have cost millions of dollars. (For example, see www.theregister.co.uk/content/67/31298.html or panko.cba.hawaii.edu/ssr/Mypapers/whatknow.htm.) We have been investigating ways to address this problem by developing a software engineering paradigm viable for end-user programming, an approach we call end-user software engineering.
An efficient wireless switching architecture

We present a wireless switching architecture that allows a self-interference-free asynchronous packet communication in multi-channel wireless switching networks. We propose a system architecture to get around the self-interference problem, which arises due to the proximity among RF devices in the switch and the large difference in strengths between receiving and transmitting signals. We then present a straightforward solution of separating the frequency spectra used for receiving and transmitting signals and propose a MAC/PHY cross-layer protocol for efficiently managing the channel bandwidth for asynchronous packet-based communication. We show that, when a K-port wireless switch with each port providing 20MHz of bidirectional bandwidth, the total communication bandwidth can be increased to 1.4K×20MHz, which is about 2K times as high as a wireless access point with 20MHz per channel. Finally, we introduce a scheduling scheme with a dynamic load balancing to ensure global fairness for all users. The performance of our algorithm is compared to that of the Least-Loaded-First (LLF) user assignment policy using simulations.
A Study of Confined Diffusion Flames

Abstract A numerical simulation of an axisymmetric confined diffusion flame formed between a H 2 N 2 jet and coflowing air at 30 cm/s is presented. For the initial computations, the restrictions of the Burke-Schumann theory are imposed and the results of the computation are compared with the analytical solution for flame location. For both the underventilated and overventilated flames, the results of the computations are in excellent agreement with the analytical solution. However, the flame behavior becomes more complex as the restrictions are relaxed. When variable diffusion coefficients and densities are included in the calculation, small radial velocities are induced and the flame interface is slightly distorted. When heat release is included, the flame is shorter and an unsteady mixing region forms at the fuel-oxidizer interface. The instabilities are damped when viscous effects are included. Large-scale instabilities form in the oxidizer region with a frequency of approximately 15–20 Hz when gravity is included in the calculation.
Clinical and programmatic costs of implementing colorectal cancer screening: Evaluation of five programs ☆

Abstract Background The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) initiated the Colorectal Cancer Screening Demonstration Program (CRCSDP) in 2005 to explore the feasibility of establishing a colorectal cancer screening program for underserved US populations. We provide a detailed overview of the evaluation and an assessment of the costs incurred during the service delivery (screening) phase of the program. Methods Tailored cost questionnaires were completed by staff at the five CRCSDP sites for the first 2 years of the program. We collected cost data for clinical and programmatic activities (program management, data collection and tracking, etc.). We also measured in-kind contributions and assigned values to them. Results During the first 2 years of the demonstration excluding the start-up cost, the average cost per person was $2569. Per person cost of clinical services alone ranged from $264 to $1385, while per person programmatic costs ranged from $545 to $3017. Conclusion Colorectal cancer screening programs can incur substantial costs for some non-clinical activities, such as data collection/tracking, and these support activities should be managed carefully to control costs and ensure successful program implementation. Our findings highlight the importance of performing economic evaluation to guide the design of future colorectal cancer screening programs.
Traveling to Vietnam: American Peace Activists and the War

Traveling to Vietnam is the first book to document the activities of the more than 200 American peace activists who traveled to Hanoi during the war in Southeast Asia. Eager to meet with representatives of the government of North Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government, these Americans came from backgrounds such as international peace organizations, the civil rights movement, and academic institutions. They usually traveled in small groups of three or four at a time and by 1969 averaged about one group a month. Their personal contacts with the Vietnamese later spurred them to organize humanitarian aid for North Vietnam, an activity that Washington strongly opposed. After visiting American POWs in Hanoi prisons, these Americans then tried to facilitate improved mail delivery between the prisoners and their families. And many of the activists attempted to, and succeeded in, arranging early releases for some American prisoners. Traveling to Vietnam is also an account of how Washington officials resisted these activists' efforts at every turn, seizing their passports and bank accounts and sabotaging their efforts to release American POWs. After the war was over, Hershberger writes, many of the travelers continued their ties to the Vietnamese and worked successfully to lift the American embargo against Vietnam.
Neutrophil margination as a possible mechanism for verteporfin infusion-associated pain.

Abstract Purpose To investigate the changes in absolute neutrophil counts in patients with and without pain after verteporfin infusion. Design Experimental study. Methods The absolute neutrophil counts were obtained from the blood samples taken at the beginning of infusion and after the end of verteporfin infusion. Results Four patients in whom verteporfin infusion-related pain developed had a decrease in the absolute neutrophil counts from a preinfusion mean of 4,589/mm 3 to a postinfusion mean of 1,688/mm 3 while they had pain, as compared with preinfusion and postinfusion counts of 4,912/mm 3 and 4,111/mm 3 , respectively, in five control patients having no pain, a difference in proportion that was significant ( P = .027). Conclusions Patients in this study with verteporfin infusion-associated pain developed neutropenia during infusion, most likely from drug-induced neutrophil margination. It is possible that medications preventing the transient neutropenia may help avert verteporfin infusion-associated pain.
Existence and feasibility in arithmetic

“From two integers k, l one passes immediately to kl; this process leads in a few steps to numbers which are far larger than any occurring in experience, e.g., 67(257729).Intuitionism, like ordinary mathematics, claims that this number can be represented by an arabic numeral. Could not one press further the criticism which intuitionism makes of existential assertions and raise the question: What does it mean to claim the existence of an arabic numeral for the foregoing number, since in practice we are not in a position to obtain it?
An effective nonlinear boundary condition for a corroding surface. Identification of the damage based on steady state electric data

We give a formal derivation of an effective nonlinear boundary condition associated with a steady state voltage potential on a corroding metal surface. Subsequently we use this boundary condition to analyze the determination of corrosion damage based on measurements of the boundary voltage potential and the associated current flux.
BEHAVIOR AND REGULATION OF ENZYME SYSTEMS IN NORMAL LIVER AND IN HEPATOMAS OF DIFFERENT GROWTH RATES.

Abstract The activities and behavior of carbohydrate enzyme systems were examined in normal liver and in hepatomas of different growth rates. 1. 1.|The enzymes studied can be divided into three groups according to whether their behavior can be correlated with the growth rate of the hepatomas, whether they are uniformly decreased or increased in all tumors or whether they show no relation at all to growth rates. 2. 2.|The concept of enzyme lesion was discussed in terms of limitation of biological function and physiological range. 3. 3.|The behavior of carbohydrate enzymes in metabolic pathways in normal liver and hepatomas of different growth rates was studied by using cortisone or refeeding of fasted rats as inducers. Results indicate that there is a progressive loss of the biochemical response to cortisone administration as manifested in failure of enzyme induction and nitrogen and glycogen deposition in hepatomas. 4. 4.|The host livers also showed decreased or absent sensitivity to cortisone induction. 5. 5.|Hepatoma 7794-A exhibited behavior different from normal liver in regard to an absence of alterations in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity when the tumor-bearing rat was subjected to fasting and refeeding. The altered behavior of enzyme systems in hepatomas was discussed in terms of decreased responsiveness or damage in their respective Enzyme Forming Systems.
Phosphorylation of Rat and Human Adrenocorticotropin Related Peptides: Physiological Regulation and Studies of Secretion

Possible physiological factors that might control the extent of phosphorylation of ACTH-related peptides in the rat pituitary were investigated both in vivo and with cultured anterior or neurointermediate pituitary cells. Phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms of ACTH and corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide [CLIP or ACTH(18–39)] were separated by isoelectric focusing or high performance liquid chromatography and quantified by immunoassay. Radiolabeled ACTH- or CLIP-related peptides from cultured pituitary cells incubated in [3H]tyrosine were isolated by immunoprecipitation or immunoadsorption, fractionated as above, and detected by liquid scintillation counting. Both in the animal and in culture, the extent of phosphorylation of anterior pituitary cellular ACTH did not vary when the release of ACTH was stimulated (by metyrapone treatment, corticotropin-releasing factor, or cAMP) or inhibited (by dexamethasone). Long term cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells continued to phosphorylate ACTH...
Examining the Sources for Our Understandings about Science: Enduring Conflations and Critical Issues in Research on Nature of Science in Science Education.

This position paper addresses some enduring, as well as emerging issues, associated with the crucial question of benchmarking understandings about nature of science (NOS) for precollege science education. The question of benchmarking NOS understandings is revisited in light of the often cited, continuing debates among historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science, which are invoked to undermine the current widely accepted, domain-general, consensus-based, aspects approach to NOS. The paper explicates the underlying assumptions of, and argues for, this consensus approach. However, the paper calls for extending the current framework and advances a developmental perspective that allows for incorporating controversial NOS issues into this framework. The paper also examines recent calls to altogether abandon the domain-general approach to NOS research and development in science education in favor of a domain-specific approach. The paper argues that, contrary to what its advocates assume, a domain-speci...
The Truth is Never Simple

The complexity of the set of truths of arithmetic is determined for various theories of truth deriving from Kripke and from Gupta and Herzberger.
Depletion of brain norepinephrine by intraventricular injection of 6-hydroxydopa: a biochemical, histochemical and behavioral study in rats.

Summary Injection of 6-hydroxydopa into the lateral cerebral ventricles of rats produces a graded, dose-dependent reduction of norepinephrine in the telencephalon, diencephalon, hindbrain and cerebellum. Dopamine levels are not altered by the doses of 6-hydroxydopa used. After an initial reduction, food and water consumption and spontaneous motor activity return to normal at a time when norepinephrine levels are still greatly reduced. Emotionality is increased by the injection of 6-hydroxydopa and returns to normal only after 70 days when norepinephrine levels in the telencephalon and hindbrain have also returned to normal. Norepinephrine concentration in the diencephalon and cerebellum remains significantly below control values 70 days after injection. It is suggested that norepinephrine activity in the telencephalon and/or hindbrain is an inhibitory component of emotional arousal. Fluorescent histochemical observations indicate a marked reduction of noradrenergic terminals in certain brain areas and a buildup of catecholamines (CA) within axons, which suggest that 6-hydroxydopa has caused a degeneration of noradrenergic nerve terminals. The budding and sprouting of new varicose processes indicate that some of the nerve terminals destroyed by 6-hydroxydopa are replaced by the regrowth of CA terminals.
LOCUS OF CONTROL AND PERSUASION, SOCIAL INFLUENCE, AND CONFORMITY : A META-ANALYTIC REVIEW

Szimmaty.-This study is a meta-analytic review of studies on the average effect size for internal and external locus of control with persuasability, social influence, and conformity. Most research indicates that those who score higher on external locus of control tend to be more easily persuaded, socially influenced, and conforming than those who score as internal in locus of control. Therefore, ir was hypothesized that people who score as external in locus of control will be more persuaded and more socially influenced and they conformed more than those scoring higher as internal in locus of control. A test of homogeneity indicated no significant differences among results of the studies included in this analysis. The average correlation was .37 for the relationship between scores of internal and external locus of control measured by various generalized locus of control measures with scores on persuasion, social influence, and conEormity.
EGenBio: A Data Management System for Evolutionary Genomics and Biodiversity

National Institutes of Health (R22/R33 Innovation and Development Grant); National Science Foundation (CBM[2]/EPSCOR); State of Louisiana (Biological Compuational and Visualization Center, Governor's Biotechnology Initiative, startup funds)
Performance of packed columns. IV. Effect of gas properties, temperature, and pressure on gasphase mass transfer coefficients

To test the applicability, over a wide range of temperatures, pressures, and gas physical properties, of the mass transfer correlation presented earlier, 0.5-in. naphthalene Berl saddles were vaporized into air, carbon dioxide, and Freon-12 in a 4.0-in. column. Temperatures from 15° to 73°C. and pressures from 0.26 to 1 atm. were covered. The correlation was found to represent all the experimental data when the surface temperature of the naphthalene was used to evaluate the correct driving force. This correlation, when combined with effective interfacial areas presented previously, makes it possible to estimate the volumetric mass transfer coefficeint, kGa, for any gas-liquid-solute system.
Effects of monosodium glutamate on eating and drinking behavior in rats

The effect of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on eating and drinking behavior of rats was studied by means of preference tests in free choice situations. Low or high protein casein diets containing up to 3% MSG were selected indifferently compared to plain casein diet in 7 day trials. The acceptability of diets containing 7% MSG, particularly those of low protein level, was significantly reduced. Except for Day 1, the proportional intake (MSG flavored diet intake/total diet intake) of 9% protein--7% MSG diet was consistently lower than 18% protein--7% MSG diet. In brief exposure tests (10 min) solutions of MSG (0.02-8%) were preferred over deionized water. The acceptance of solutions containing higher concentrations of MSG was significantly reduced. The total volume intake of both choices (MSG flavored water and water) was significantly increased in tests using solutions containing 3-8% MSG. In long-term tests (1-14 days), solutions containing 0.05-1% MSG were preferred over water. The acceptance of a solution containing 5% MSG was significantly reduced. For maximum intake of moles of MSG, rats selected solutions which offered 3-5 x 10(-1) M MSG whether the experimental period was 10 min or up to 2 weeks. In a series of two choice preference tests using solutions where Na+ content and pH were kept equal, MSG was preferred over sodium acetate and over sodium glutamate but was less preferred than monosodium aspartate. The results of this study can be explained in terms of sensory quality.
Effects of dilute acids on the chemical and immunochemical properties of human orosomucoid.

Abstract 1. 1. Orosomucoid ( α 1 -acid glycoprotein, α 1 -seromucoid, seromucoide acide) was separated from human plasma by ammonium sulfate fractionation, and purified by ion-exchange chromatography. The final preparation was homogeneous by double diffusion analysis and immunoelectrophoresis at a concentration of 20 mg/ml. 2. 2. The purified glycoprotein was treated with dilute hydrochloric, perchloric, and phosphotungstic acids at 25°, and with dilute sulfuric acid at 100°. The products were studied by chemical, electrophoretic, and immunological methods. 3. 3. Treatment at 25° with 0.6 N hydrochloric or perchloric acids for 6 and 12 h, or with 5% phosphotungstic acid in 0.6 N HCl for 12 h, resulted in slight decreases in sialic acid content and electrophoretic mobility in proportion to exposure time, but had no discernible effect on antigenic character. 4. 4. Exposure to 0.01 N H 2 SO 4 at 100° for 1 h resulted in a 15-fold reduction in sialic acid content, and a 7% loss of fucose. Although the non-dialyzable product migrated with the mobility of a β-globulin, it nevertheless retained essentially all of the native protein's antigenic specificity. 5. 5. A fortuitously isolated orosomucoid preparation which possessed a sialic acid content 50% of normal, but which was otherwise chemically very similar to the chromatographically purified preparation was also studied. This material precipitated with highly specific anti-orosomucoid serum, gave agar gel diffusion reactions of complete identity with the native glycoprotein, but migrated as an α 2 -globulin upon electrophoresis at pH 8.6.
Accessory diaphragm associated with neonatal respiratory distress.

Summary A case of accessory diaphragm associated with respiratory difficulty at birth is described. Three similar cases, summarized from the literature, show that this anomaly is not always lethal in the neonatal period, and that it may be associated with chronic pulmonary infection in later life.
Virus‐induced differences in the response of oat plants to elevated carbon dioxide

Disease is an integral element of agricultural and natural systems, but the roles pathogens play in determining ecosystem response to elevated CO2 have rarely been examined. To investigate whether disease can alter the response of plants to CO2, we examined the effects of doubled CO2 (∼700 μmol mol−1) on Avena sativa infected with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), a common pathogen of cereals and grasses. Oats infected with BYDV showed a significantly greater biomass response to CO2 enrichment than did healthy plants. Root mass of diseased plants increased by 37–60% with CO2 enrichment, but was largely unaffected in healthy plants. CO2 enrichment increased midday leaf-level photosynthesis and instantaneous water use efficiency by 34 and 93% in healthy plants and by 48 and 174% in infected plants. Foliar carbohydrates increased with both CO2 enrichment and BYDV infection, but the two factors affected individual pools dissimilarly. CO2 enrichment may alter the epidemiology of BYDV by increasing the persistence of infected plants.
Charge transfer and bonding in metallic oxides

We discuss the development of interaction potentials which explicitly allow for charge transfer in metallic oxides. The charge transfer is calculated self-consistently using a charge equilibration approach, which allows the amount of charge transferred to respond to the electrostatic environment. We model the metal-metal, metal-oxygen, and oxygen-oxygen interactions with Rydberg function pair potentials. By fitting the Rydberg potential parameters to the elastic and structural constants of the material, we arrive at an efficient model for the simulation of metallic oxides. We demonstrate the applicability of the model by describing some preliminary results on the rutile phase of titanium dioxide.
Can acute administration of pamidronate help to preserve bone mass in children with severe burn injury

Can acute administration of pamidronate help to preserve bone mass in children with severe burn injury?
The Effects of Occupation and Industry on the Risk of Homicide Victimization in the United States

This study examined individual and structural covariates of homicides among males aged 15-64 years, focusing on whether occupation and industry are risk factors for victimization. Cox's proportional hazards regression models were fitted to data from the National Longitudinal Mortality Study to estimate the effects of selected micro-level and macro-level covariates on homicide. Multivariate analysis indicated considerable racial or ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in homicide. Compared to non-Hispanic whites, Hispanics and African Americans were at higher risk of death. Those in the lowest occupational strata had a particularly high homicide risk. Others at elevated risk of homicide were persons in low-income strata and inner-city residents. Results showed that the mining industry had a significant effect on homicide. Bivariate analysis revealed that equipment operatives, operatives in general, farm laborers, farmers and farm foremen had elevated risks of homicide. However, multivariate analysis indicated no occupational differentials in the risk of homicide.
On the Origins of Starburst and Poststarburst Galaxies in Nearby Clusters

While the morphologies revealed in the HST images are heterogeneous, and thus may not fit well into a single picture, we see evidence in several cases that the morphologies and centralized star formation have been driven by external tidal perturbations. We discuss several physical mechanisms for inducing star formation in cluster galaxies with a view toward explaining the particular morphologies seen in the HST images.
Appearance of a kidney-specific ribosomal protein during mouse embryonic development.

Abstract Ribosomes were prepared from adult mouse liver and kidney and the protein components examined by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A kidney specific protein was identified and was found to be associated with the large ribosomal subunit. In vitro labelling of 11- and 14-day embryonic kidneys and subsequent analysis of the ribosomal proteins indicated a change in the ribosomal population during development. The kidney specific protein was synthesized during the first four days of kidney organogenesis.
Thermal conductivity evaluation of GaN-AlN-(4H)SiC hetero-epitaxial material system

Abstract In this work, the effective thermal conductivity of GaN–AlN–(4H)SiC hetero-epitaxial material system, is evaluated. The thermal conductivities of the bulk (substrate) Si, (4H)SiC, AlN, and GaN materials and the epitaxial-layers of the materials used in GaN–AlN–(4H)SiC hetero-epitaxial material system, are also evaluated using Callaway approach. It is observed that the GaN–AlN–(4H)SiC hetero-epitaxial material system has the effective thermal conductivity of approximately 2.0 W/cm K neglecting the (4H)SiC substrate and approximately 4.0 W/cm K, while considering the (4H)SiC substrate. Thus, this hetero-epitaxial material system is suitable to make semiconductor devices, not only for high-voltage, and high operation frequency, but also favorable for high temperature operation in comparison to the devices made up of discrete materials e.g., Si, (4H)SiC, and GaN.
Geo-Data Fusion Integrator for Object-Oriented Spatiotemporal OLAP Cubes

We first propose a Geo-Data Fusion Integrator. Specifically, we design a sequential-parallel-modularized (SPM) approach to integrate different datasets into a geo-data object, i.e., a multidimensional unified-OLAP cube, archived in a geo-data warehouse for decision-making analysis. Different datasets of geo-data objects are processed in parallel across multi-stages in sequence, and then integrated into a well-defined OLAP cube. Each SPM component is a self-contained, modularized unit that processes the data. The technical merits of this SPM approach include fast manipulations, error minimization, and easy maintenance. Second, to create a unified geo-data object, we extend the object-oriented spatial-temporal data model as a multidimensional OLAP cube, i.e., a Star-based Geo-Object-Oriented SpatiotEmporal (S-GOOSE) data model, which combines the advantages of both OLTP and OLAP approaches. This S-GOOSE data model is an object-relational-based cube that enables military operators to analyze unified geo-data objects from multiple dimensions, such as time, space, and location, to help them make a better decision on paths.
Altered daylength affects dendritic structure in a song-related brain region in red-winged blackbirds.

Substantial neural and behavioral plasticity occurs in the avian song system in adulthood. Changes in the volume of one of the song control nuclei, robustus archistriatalis (RA), have been associated with seasonal changes in singing behavior in adult canaries ( Serinus canarius ) and red-winged blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ). The present work assessed the effects of changed daylength on dendritic morphology in RA in adult male red-winged blackbirds. Brains from hand-reared red-winged blackbirds maintained on long days or long days followed by short days were stained with a Golgi—Cox procedure. Dendritic morphology and spine density of type IV neurons from nucleus RA were compared between long and short day birds. Neurons from short day birds have smaller dendritic fields than neurons from long day birds, with the difference greatest for distal dendrites. In addition, the density of dendritic spines is significantly smaller for neurons from short day birds. Together, these changes result in the loss of approximately 40% of the spines on this neuron class. In previous work in adult female canaries, external testosterone administration has been shown to be associated with increases in dendritic field size and synapse number. The similarity of the neuronal changes in RA that are associated with the two sorts of manipulations suggest that some consequences of altered daylength are mediated by changes in the levels of gonadal steroids.
Wavelet orthogonal signal correction

In this paper a novel signal-preprocessing technique that combines the local and multiscale properties of the wavelet prism with the global filtering capability of orthogonal signal correction (OSC) is presented for the pretreatment of spectroscopic data. In this hybrid method, referred to as wavelet OSC (WOSC), a separate OSC filter is applied to each frequency component generated from a wavelet prism decomposition. The combination of wavelet prism and OSC is shown to be complementary, as the prediction results obtained in subsequent partial least squares (PLS) calibrations using WOSC are superior to those obtained using either the wavelet prism or OSC independently. The ability of WOSC to remove undesirable background effects and enhance subsequent PLS models is demonstrated with two near-infrared data sets. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surgical treatment of brachial artery injuries after cardiac catheterization.

Abstract A consecutive series of 532 patients (1.5%) required local thrombectomy and arterial repair after 34,291 transbrachial cardiac catheterizations performed at the Cleveland Clinic from 1980 to 1988. A total of 514 patients (97%) were discharged from the hospital with normal radial pulses and/or normal ulnar pulses after a single surgical procedure. Fourteen others (3%) each required one additional procedure to regain a distal pulse, and four patients either underwent two reoperations, received thrombolytic therapy, and/or remained pulseless. Surgical delay of more than 1 day after catheterization was associated with a higher incidence of recurrent thrombosis (12% vs 2%, p = 0.025). In comparison to our previous experience with iatrogenic brachial injuries, the liberal use of segmental arterial resection and overnight heparin anticoagulation seem especially to reduce the risk for early failure in all patients, but improvement was particularly marked in women (25% vs 6%, p = 0.0004). (J VASC SURG 1990;12:20-4.)
Behavioral evaluation of the irritating properties of ozone

The sensory irritant properties of ozone have been considered to be responsible for symptoms that occur in humans after exposure. This assumption has not been studied explicitly. One way to assess the aversive properties of airborne irritants is to give the exposed individual an opportunity to control the duration of exposure, i.e., escape from the irritant. Mice were trained to turn off 1000-ppm ammonia, a concentration that, in humans, is irritating to the upper airways. Each mouse could terminate irritant delivery for 1 min by inserting its nose five times into one of two conical response sensors. Daily exposure was limited to a maximum of twenty-five 1-min exposures, every other minute. After the determination of ammonia concentration-effect curves, ozone was substituted for ammonia. Ozone exposures were alternated every other day with ammonia as a control for any changes that might occur as a result of repeated ozone exposure. Ozone reliably maintained escape behavior. Additional mice with no history of ammonia termination were trained to terminate ozone exposure, indicating that the aversive properties of ozone were not dependent on previous experience with other airborne irritants. As the concentration of ozone increased from 0.25 to 24 ppm, the number of escape responses increased, and the duration of ozone tolerated decreased. Ozone concentrations of 0.5 ppm or greater were significantly more aversive than control.