cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature and body mass drive earthworm (Eisenia fetida) sensitivity to a popular glyphosate-based herbicide

Abstract Researchers have analyzed the effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based formulations on earthworm health. A full literature review shows negative, positive, and non-significant impacts on a suite of outcomes. Pilot studies from our lab have produced similar inconsistencies. This study aimed to determine which factors drive earthworm sensitivity to Roundup-Ready-To-Use III®, a popular herbicide. Taking cues from literature and our pilot work, we examined the effects of soil temperature, initial earthworm body mass, and the interaction between the two on a) final earthworm mass after a month of exposure to contamination and b) survival time during a stress test. We found that both earthworm responses varied with intrinsic worm characteristics (e.g. initial body mass) and environmental characteristics (e.g. soil temperature). Specifically, only initially heavy worms grown in heated soil responded to contamination, and they responded by growing significantly heavier than their uncontaminated counterparts. Worms of lighter mass and worms grown in a cooler temperature did not respond to contamination by altering final body mass. Additionally, earthworms living in unheated soil survived significantly fewer minutes during the stress test, with herbicide-exposed worms surviving the shortest number of minutes overall. Initial earthworm body mass did not affect the outcome of this test. This study shows that by varying initial body condition and soil temperature, earthworms can respond positively, negatively or not at all to exposure to a glyphosate-based formulation. Earthworm sensitivity varies with specific environmental and somatic conditions, and this may explain variation in published literature, where neither initial earthworm body mass nor soil temperature is generally considered.
ODE Analysis of Stochastic Gradient Methods with Optimism and Anchoring for Minimax Problems and GANs

Despite remarkable empirical success, the training dynamics of generative adversarial networks (GAN), which involves solving a minimax game using stochastic gradients, is still poorly understood. In this work, we analyze last-iterate convergence of simultaneous gradient descent (simGD) and its variants under the assumption of convex-concavity, guided by a continuous-time analysis with differential equations. First, we show that simGD, as is, converges with stochastic sub-gradients under strict convexity in the primal variable. Second, we generalize optimistic simGD to accommodate an optimism rate separate from the learning rate and show its convergence with full gradients. Finally, we present anchored simGD, a new method, and show convergence with stochastic subgradients.
Polar Orbiting Infrared Tracking Receiver (POINTR)

The Satellites Team of the Stanford Student Space Initiative (SSI) has designed and built Polar-Orbiting Infrared Tracking Receiver (POINTR), a 1U cubesat payload to demonstrate optical-communications technology. Because of the narrow beam divergence of optical signals it is crucial to have reliable and accurate Pointing, Acquisition, and Tracking (PAT) abilities on board the spacecraft. POINTR will demonstrate the use of a silicon MEMS fast steering mirror (FSM) for fine pointing in a cubesat optical receiver by tracking a ground laser beacon. To the authors' knowledge this will be the first in-flight demonstration of such a MEMS device in a cubesat optical receiver. POINTR launched Dec 3rd 2018 on Spaceflight SSO-A: SmallSat Express, as a hosted payload onboard a 3U cubesat Audacy0.
In Situ Photophysical Characterization of π-Conjugated Oligopeptides Assembled via Continuous Flow Processing.

Bioinspired materials have been developed with the aim of harnessing natural self-assembly for precisely engineered functionality. Microfluidics is poised to play a key role in the directed assembly of advanced materials with ordered nano and mesoscale features. More importantly, there is a strong need for understanding the kinetics of continuous assembly processes. In this work, we describe a continuous microfluidic system for the assembly and alignment of synthetic oligopeptides with π-conjugated cores using a three-dimensional (3D) flow focusing of inlet reactant streams. This system facilitates in situ confocal fluorescence microscopy and in situ fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM), which can be used in unprecedented capacity to characterize the integrity of peptides during the assembly process. To achieve continuous assembly, we integrate chevron patterns in the ceiling and floor of the microdevice to generate a 3D-focused sheath flow of the reactant peptide. Consequently, the peptide str...
Founder passion, neural engagement and informal investor interest in startup pitches: An fMRI study

Abstract We explore how variation in entrepreneurs' displayed passion affects informal investor interest in start-up ventures by examining neural responses to entrepreneurs' pitches using functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). We find that founders displaying high passion increase investor neural engagement by 39% and investor interest in the venture by 26% over those displaying low passion. A one standard deviation increase in neural engagement is associated with an 8% percent increase in investors' interest in investing in a start-up company relative to the mean. Moreover, our findings indicate that neural engagement may account for some of the effect of founder passion on investor interest. Our study has implications for both research on, and the practice of, entrepreneurship.
Lymphocytic ganglionitis leading to megacolon in lymphocyte-rich glioblastoma.

Abstract T-cell immune attack of cancer cells underlies the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in many cancer subtypes, but is not yet well established in the primary brain cancer glioblastoma. Immune checkpoint inhibitor treatments that disinhibit the immune system to enhance immune clearance of cancer have in rare cases resulted in T-cell attack of peripheral ganglia causing lymphocytic ganglionitis. In glioblastoma, lymphocytic ganglionitis has not been reported and checkpoint inhibitors are not routinely used. Here we report a case of glioblastoma not treated with checkpoint inhibitors in which the primary tumor and peripheral ganglia of the celiac and sympathetic chains, as well as myenteric plexus, are infiltrated by CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. In addition to the marked lymphocytic infiltrates, this case is also notable for an unusually long survival (8 years) after diagnosis with glioblastoma, but an ultimately fatal outcome due to ileus. The findings suggest T-cell immune attack of glioblastoma may prolong survival, but also suggest T-cell autoimmune diseases such as lymphocytic ganglionitis could become a risk with the future use of immune-targeted therapies for glioblastoma.
Microbial Battery Powered Enzymatic Electrosynthesis for Carbon Capture and Generation of Hydrogen and Formate from Dilute Organics

A microbial battery (MB) breaks down waste organics and stores the liberated electrons in a solid-state cathode. Here, we demonstrate that these electrons can be utilized, along with the products (e.g., carbon dioxide, CO2) of the MB, to electrochemically generate higher-value products from waste. We utilize a series-stacked MB with mediated enzymatic electrosynthesis (EES) to produce either hydrogen (H2) from protons (H+) or formate (HCOO–) from CO2 with the electrons and carbon directly derived from waste organics. We also demonstrate that a reduced solid-state cathode can be used as a solid-state anode as an electron source for EES. This work shows that higher-value products can be electrochemically generated at high faradaic efficiencies (up to 91% for hydrogenase and 72% for formate dehydrogenase) using the energy, electrons, and carbon contained in the waste organic input without the need for continuous oxygen, potentiostatic control, or supplemental power.
Single-Chain Dynamics in Polymer Characterization

For several decades the researches of Koningsveld and his colleagues have largely centered on the effects of molecular weight and polydispersity on fluid-fluid phase quilibria in polymer/solvent and polymer/polymer systems. Effects of compositional heterogeneity and of varying topology (e.g., branching and ring formation) have also been considered. In the pursuit of these objectives, availability of molecularly well-characterized polymer samples as model systems has been and will continue to be essential.
Tracheoesophageal Voice Prosthesis Use and Maintenance in Laryngectomees

Tracheoesophageal speech is the most common voicing method used by laryngectomees. This method requires the installation of tracheoesophageal prosthesis (TEP), which requires continuous maintenance to achieve optimal speaking abilities and prevent fluid leakage from the esophagus to the trachea. The present manuscript describes the available types of TEPs, the procedures used to maintain them, the causes for their failure due to fluid leakage, and the methods used for their prevention. Knowledge and understanding of these issues can assist the otolaryngologist in caring for laryngectomees who use tracheoesophageal speech.
Structure and Dynamics of Bacterial Populations: Pangenome Ecology

Prokaryotes demonstrate tremendous variation in gene content, even within individual bacterial clones or lineages. This diversity is made possible by the ability of bacteria to horizontally transfer DNA through a variety of mechanisms, and the extent of such transfer sets them apart from eukaryotes. What has become evident through interrogation of thousands of bacterial genomes is that gene variation is directly related to the ecology of the organism and is driven by continual processes of niche exploration, diversification, and adaptation. Of course, the acquisition of new genes is not necessarily beneficial, resulting in either the removal of that individual through purifying selection or the occurrence of compensatory mutations in the genomic “backbone” (i.e., core genes) that become epistatically linked to the presence accessory genes. There are now numerous examples of relationship between gene variation and niche adaptation. We explore some of those examples here as well as the population genomic footprint left by the dynamics of gene flow, diversification, and adaptation.
Towards end-2-end learning for predicting behavior codes from spoken utterances in psychotherapy conversations.

Spoken language understanding tasks usually rely on pipelines involving complex processing blocks such as voice activity detection, speaker diarization and Automatic speech recognition (ASR). We propose a novel framework for predicting utterance level labels directly from speech features, thus removing the dependency on first generating transcripts, and transcription free behavioral coding. Our classifier uses a pretrained Speech-2-Vector encoder as bottleneck to generate word-level representations from speech features. This pretrained encoder learns to encode speech features for a word using an objective similar to Word2Vec. Our proposed approach just uses speech features and word segmentation information for predicting spoken utterance-level target labels. We show that our model achieves competitive results to other state-of-the-art approaches which use transcribed text for the task of predicting psychotherapy-relevant behavior codes.
The Class of 1838: A Social History of the First Victorian Novelists

Following the work of Raymond Williams, this article examines the 81 fiction authors published in 1838. First, we examined the social origins of the authors as judged by their fathers’ occupations. Whereas the majority of adults living in the British Isles during this period were working class, the majority of the Class of 1838 originated in the upper classes. Second, we traced their careers by finding their ages at first published novel, their total novels, and the span of their careers. Though no significant differences were found between the careers of men and women authors, there was a general lack of persistence to write a second novel. And last, we inspected the title pages of the 87 published works of fiction in 1838 to investigate the ways in which authors presented themselves to readers. Contrary to expectations, men authors were more likely than women authors to conceal their identities.
Vascular extravasation of injectable bioresorbable bone cement during aspiration and injection of calcaneal bone cyst.

A 27-year-old woman underwent aspiration and bioresorbable cement injection of a simple bone cyst. During injection, cement was seen on fluoroscopy extravasating into the posterior vein of the ankl...
Facilitators and Barriers to Positive Special Education Experiences and Health Among Latino Families of Children with Disabilities: Two Systematic Literature Reviews

Families face systemic barriers when deciding on educational services for their children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Further, caregiver health and well-being is critical for supporting children with IDD. In addition, research has shown a negative correlation between the quality of special education experiences and caregiver health and well-being. However, the barriers and facilitators to positive special education experiences and health are unclear for Latino parents of children with IDD. By identifying barriers, interventions can be created to ameliorate such issues. By identifying facilitators, interventions can be developed to capitalize on the strengths of Latino families. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers and facilitators to positive special education experiences and health among Latino families of children with IDD. Via two systematic literature reviews, 28 studies were identified. Barriers to positive special education experiences included: cultural divergence, limited access to resources, stigma, and lack of access to special education knowledge; facilitators included: understanding special education services, parent-school communication, and parent support. Barriers to health included: socioeconomic status and certain characteristics of the child with IDD; facilitators included: family support and parent support. This review has implications for research and practice to both improve the quality of special education experiences as well as to promote caregiver health.
Sports and non-sports-related concussions among Medicaid-insured children: health care utilization before and after Ohio's concussion law.

To evaluate patterns of health care utilization for sports-related concussions (SRCs) and non-sports-related concussions (NSRCs) among Medicaid-insured children before and after the enactment of Ohio’s concussion law in April 2013. We analyzed claim data from the Partners For Kids (PFK) Ohio Medicaid database. Concussion diagnoses were identified between April 1, 2008 and June 30, 2017. We compared frequency of concussions by age and sex across the law period. We evaluated type of health care utilization before and after law enactment using multinomial logistic regression. Over the 9 year study period, 6157 concussions were included, most of which (70.4%) were NSRCs. The proportion of SRCs increased with age. Among children younger than 5 years old, the majority (96.1%) of concussions were NSRCs. During the post-law period, greater odds of primary care visits than emergency department (ED) visits were observed for both SRCs (OR = 1.53; 95% CI 1.34, 1.75) and NSRCs (OR = 1.73; 95% CI 1.58, 1.90) compared to the pre-law period. We observed higher proportions of health care utilization for NSRCs than SRCs in Medicaid insured children and a shift in health care utilization from the ED to primary care in the post-law period. SRCs and NSRCs are likely to have different patterns of health care utilization before and after the enactment of Ohio’s concussion law. Our results demonstrate that Ohio’s youth concussion law had a quantifiable impact on health care utilization.
Environmental Management at Sea: What Being ‘Green’ Means for Seafarers

In this chapter the practice of complying with pollution regulations at sea is examined in relation to how work on board ships is affected. The central argument made is that while seafarers mostly perceive pro-environmental practices as morally correct and therefore worthwhile, a number of them believe that being ‘green’ makes great demands on their time and upon the quality of work and life on board the ship.
5-ALA Enhanced Fluorescence-Guided Microscopic to Endoscopic Resection of Deep Frontal Subcortical Glioblastoma Multiforme.

Glioblastoma multiforme remains the most common adult primary brain tumor with a life expectancy of 15–18 months following best treatment strategies. Current paradigms incorporate maximal safe resection, chemotherapy, and radiation. 1 Multiple variables correlate with increased survival; perhaps most notably are stepwise survival advantages following 78% and 98% extent of resection thresholds. 2 , 3 5-Aminolevulinic acid has become a vital tool in the intraoperative identification and differentiation of high-grade glioma as it provides a fluorescent effect capable of distinguishing tumor from normal brain tissue when observed under blue light, which to date has been used primarily via a microscopic light source. 4 However, this effect is attenuated with increasing distance between the blue light source and the tumor, as in the case of deep seated resection cavities. 5 We aimed to overcome this obstacle by using a blue light endoscope as the primary visualization platform, thereby advancing the light source directly into the resection cavity. We present the case of a 69-year-old man with a deep left frontal subcortical lesion proven to be glioblastoma multiforme on prior biopsy. He consented to undergo an interhemispheric “M2E” (microscopic-to-endoscopic) approach with subcortical motor mapping. Tumor fluorescence under blue light visualization was not appreciated by the operating microscope but was easily observed with the blue light endoscope. Tumor resection proceeded under direct blue light endoscopy with intermittent subcortical motor mapping until a threshold of 4 mA was reached. The patient had transient right arm and leg weakness. Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging confirmed >98% resection ( Video 1 ).
Improving visual terrain relative navigation for aerial systems at diverse altitudes

One popular means of aerial localization and navigation in GPS-denied environments is visual terrain relative navigation or also called geo-registration. Terrain relative navigation involves performing image registration with sensed aerial camera imagery and georeferenced satellite maps to produce the geographic translation and rotation of the camera. One popular terrain relative navigation technique depends on matching feature descriptors. These features, however, are intolerant to major changes in perspective, light, vegetation, season, and other scene changes. In these cases, they produce excessive amounts of false matches. Alternatively, image correlation can be used for registering a sensed image to a reference image but is extremely intolerant to perspective differences for 6 degree of freedom (6DOF) camera systems. This research explores the use of a combination of corners detection and normalized cross correlation for aerial vehicles at different altitudes. New methods for using dynamic search windows within reference satellite imagery is explored to constrain the pose estimation and increase image matching accuracy. The algorithms are tested with both simulated aerial imagery and experimentally sensed imagery captured with rigid mounted cameras. The algorithm is evaluated on its successful match rate and pose estimation error compared to truth.
Oligometastatic Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as Neck Pain: A Case Report:

Background:Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is an exceedingly rare, slow-growing but progressive endocrine malignancy that represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. Vertebral metastasis of PC is...
Comparison of PR and PI Controllers for Inverter Control in an Unbalanced Microgrid

High penetration of renewable-fed Inverter Based Resources(IBRs) will most likely be an integral part of microgrids in the near future. Since such microgrids will, in most cases, evolve from existing distribution feeders, it will be unbalanced in terms of loads, phases, and feeder impedances. Typical control strategy of a conventional inverter that follows the grid voltage and frequency, while injecting positive-sequence current can lead to undesirable performance, especially in the islanded mode of operation. So, for the proper functioning of these microgrids, there is a need for grid-forming inverters that can enable acceptable performance and coexist with conventional grid-following inverters that supply only positive-sequence currents. In addition to the control objectives, limiting of inverter output during faulted or overload conditions with a current limiter is essential. These control objectives can be implemented in both the synchronous reference frame (dq coordinates) and the natural reference frame (abc coordinates). However, a comparison of inverter response, dynamics, and implementation are needed to understand each controller's merit as relates to this specific topology. This paper compares the control performance of the two approaches for a highly unbalanced microgrid in grid-connected and islanded modes. Acceptable operating conditions with stability against disturbances and faults are the primary focus of this study.
In patients with dementia and depression, several nondrug interventions vs. usual care reduce depression symptoms.

SOURCE CITATION Watt JA, Goodarzi Z, Veroniki AA, et al. Comparative efficacy of interventions for reducing symptoms of depression in people with dementia: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2021;372:n532. 33762262.
Impact of Adjuvant Anticonvulsant Medications on Benzodiazepine Use and Delirium in Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome.

Objective: To assess the benefits of anticonvulsant medications on benzodiazepine (BZD) use and delirium in patients with alcohol dependence at risk of alcohol withdrawal and admitted to the hospital without delirium. Methods: This was a resident-led retrospective study of prospectively collected data for patients admitted to the monitored unit of a general medical ward between June 2016 and March 2017 for a variety of medical conditions. Patients were assigned to the usual care group (BZD as needed) or the intervention group (scheduled anticonvulsants and BZD as needed) based on admission census and order of arrival. Of 75 patients, 44 were assigned to the usual care group and 31 to the intervention group. Results: Significantly lower BZD dosage (P = .0002) and lower Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol Scale-Revised scores were observed in the intervention group. Delirium occurred significantly less in the intervention group (0 versus 7 in the usual care group; P = .037). Conclusions: Adjuvant anticonvulsant medications for alcohol withdrawal were efficacious in reducing BZD use, severity of symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, and occurrence of delirium in patients admitted to the general medical ward without delirium for reasons other than alcohol detoxification.
The effect of maternal toxemia on fetal gonadal activity.

Abstract The observation that the toxemias of pregnancy are associated with an increased level of gonadotrophin excretion has been repeatedly advanced in recent years. 1–8 That the gonadotrophins cross the placenta from the maternal to the fetal circulation is also generally accepted. 3, 4, 9 Taken together, these two observations would mean that the gonads of the intrauterine baby of a toxemic woman are subjected to a greater stimulation than are the gonads of the baby of a nontoxemic woman. The present report examines this conclusion from the point of view of the autopsy material available from the still-briths and neonatal deaths of babies resulting from pre-eclamptic and eclamptic pregnancies. Normally, at the time of birth, the fetal gonads are relatively inactive. The ovaries consist of many primordial follicles in close proximity to one another, separated by a small amount of dense cellular stroma. The testes are composed primarily of multiple compact tubules surrounded by scattered mesenchymal cells and a few interstitial cells of Leydig. Govan, 10 in his pre-liminary observations, made the first systematic study of the fetal ovary in infants of toxemic and nontoxemic mothers. He reported consistent findings of maturation, cystic atresia, and luteinization in the fetal ovaries of babies from his toxemic group of mothers. No systematic study of the effect of maternal toxemia on the fetal testis has yet been reported in the literature.
Emotion Regulation Effectiveness: What Works When

We open this chapter by defining emotion and describing how emotions are generated in a series of temporal stages. We then define emotion regulation, consider precursors to the contemporary study of emotion regulation, and review the process model of emotion regulation, which holds that different emotion regulation strategies can be differentiated according to where they intervene in the emotion generation process. According to this model, emotion regulation strategies that intervene early on are likely to be more effective than strategies that intervene later on, after emotional response tendencies are activated. A growing corpus of evidence supports this account. Drawing on new data and theory, we elaborate on the process model with the aim of further specifying the effectiveness of different regulation strategies. On this expanded account, the success of any particular emotion regulation attempt is thought to be a joint function of the underlying operation of different regulation strategies, levels of emotional intensity, and regulation goals. We conclude by discussing implications and future research directions. Keywords: emotion; emotion regulation; self-regulation
Evaluating windows NT terminal server performance

With the introduction of Windows NT, Terminal Server Edition (TSE), Microsoft finally brings to Windows the "thin-client" computing model the X Window System has offered Unix for a decade. TSE's two most salient features are the provision of multi-user login service and the provision of that service remotely, over a network link. These features distinguish TSE from previous Microsoft operating systems not only by functionality, but also by how its performance ought to be measured. Because TSE's primary service is interactive, user-perceived latency is more important than ever. In this paper, we examine the resource consumption and latency characteristics of shared usage on a TSE system. We find that the introduction of remote, multi-user access has added to the minimal level of resource consumption, that the efficiency of TSE's RDP protocol is generally good but degrades on dynamic user interface elements, and that TSE can exhibit poor latency performance when subjected to high processor, memory, and network load.
Formal software verification: how close are we?

Spin and its immediate predecessors were originally designed for the verification of data communication protocols. It didn’t take long, though, for us to realize that a data communications protocol is just a special case of a general distributed process system, with asynchronously executing and interacting concurrent processes. This covers both multi-threaded software systems with shared memory, and physically distri- buted systems, interacting via network channels. The tool tries to provide a generic capability to prove (or as the case may be, to disprove) the correctness of interactions in complex software systems. This means a reliable and easy-to-use method to discover the types of things that are virtually impossible to detect reliably with traditional software test methods, such as race conditions and deadlocks. As initially primarily a research tool, Spin has been remarkably successful, with well over one million downloads since it was first made available by Bell Labs in 1989. But our goal is te development of a tool that is not only grounded in foundational theory, but also usable by all developers of multi-threaded software, not requiring specialized knowledge of formal methods. In this talk we try to answer the question how close we have come to reach these goals, and where especially we are still lacking. We will see that our understanding has changed of what a verification tool can do – and what it should do.
Are There Gender‐Specific Risk Factors for Suicidal Activity among Patients with Schizophrenia and Depression?

Are there gender-specific risk factors for suicidal activity among patients with schizophrenia and depression? A total of 74 schizophrenia patients (51 men, 23 women) and 77 unipolar nonpsychotic depressed patients (26 men, 51 women) from the Chicago Follow-up Study were studied prospectively at 2 years posthospitalization and again at 7.5 years. Poor early posthospital global functioning is significantly associated with later suicidal activity only for men in both our schizophrenia and depressive samples. Early display of psychotic symptoms is associated with later suicidal activity among male schizophrenia patients. Early cognitive impairment is not significantly associated with later suicidal activity for any of the four groups of patients. The study results must be seen as exploratory and will hopefully spur future research on this important topic.
Resume of Jurassic to Recent Sedimentation History of Gulf of Mexico Basin: ABSTRACT

The oldest marine sediments that are known to occur on all sides of the Gulf of Mexico basin are of Late Jurassic age. These sediments, mainly carbonates, overlie generally unfossiliferous sandstone, and shale, anhydrite, and salt of unknown age--possibly Jurassic, Triassic, or Permian. The Late Jurassic was deposited only after a probable shield area (which is postulated to have occupied the Gulf of Mexico basin) sank. The Late Jurassic Smackover Limestone and equivalents were deposited above a very thick salt section. As the bordering lands rose, gravel, sand, silt, and mud of the Cotton Valley (up to 4,000 ft thick) were deposited. Deposition continued unbroken into Early Cretaceous time, beginning with up to 4,000 ft of Hosston and equivalents. In the southeastern part of the Gulf of Mexico, Early Cretaceous equivalents include carbonate, evaporite, and some black shale. After Hosston deposition, carbonates were deposited around the entire Gulf basin, though terrigenous clastics also were deposited in the northern region. There is no significant regional depositional break between the Lower and Upper Cretaceous. In medial Late Cretaceous time, the sea transgressed farthest, coinciding with a worldwide eustatic sea-level rise. The Mississippi embayment formed and the sea reached southern Illinois. Mountain-building activity and uplift at the end of Cretaceous time forced the sea from much of the continent. Carbonate deposition continued in the southeast from Paleocene through Miocene, but fine terrigenous clastics were deposited in the north and west (Midway-Velasco). As the mountains of the interior rose, clastic debris supplied to the basin was more abundant and coarser. In general the northwestern gulf shoreline was pushed seaward, though important transgressions occurred in early, middle, and late Eocene times and during the Oligocene. Deltas formed, and the local shifts in Miocene deltaic depocenters caused numerous local transgressions and regressions during that time. Sedimentation rates increased steadily. The Pleistocene deposits reach a thickness of 15,000 ft in the n rthern Gulf of Mexico. Although a marine basin has occupied the Gulf of Mexico since Late Jurassic time, the existing gulf may be a very young feature. In fact, parts of the gulf may have been land during much of Jurassic-Pleistocene time. The depositional and tectonic history, insofar as it is known, of the large gulf basin is described briefly. The need for more information on the geological history of all parts of the basin is apparent to anyone charged with exploring for minerals in this area. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2169------------
Pneumonia Due to Legionella micdadei in Bone marrow Transplant Recipients

Legionella micdadei has previously been described as a cause of nosocomial pneumonia, particularly in kidney transplant recipients. Cell-mediated immunity is the principal host defense against this pathogen. A common clinical scenario in the immunocompromised host is that of septic pulmonary embolus, but asymptomatic infections have also been reported. The organism is weakly acid-fast in clinical specimens but loses this property when grown on solid media. We report two cases of L. micdadei pneumonia, differing markedly in clinical severity and outcome, in bone marrow transplant recipients. Additionally, we note the growth of the organism in liquid culture media with preservation of its acid-fast property. Patients undergoing bone marrow transplantation experience severe immunosuppression and therefore are susceptible to a wide variety of infections. The type of infectious complication often is related to the posttransplantation interval and to the extent of immune reconstitution [1]. Cell-mediated immunity is most suppressed during the first 3 months after transplantation and can be further compromised by severe graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD) and its treatment. Cellular mechanisms are very important in host resistance to legionella infection [2], and as such it is not surprising that the occurrence of pneumonia due to Legionella pneumophila has previously been reported in bone marrow transplant recipients [3]. We report two cases of pneumonia due to Legionella micdadei in bone marrow transplant recipients to demonstrate the potential difficulty in the diagnosis of infection with this organism in immunocompromised patients.
Segregation and Linkage Analysis of a Large Kindred of Unipolar Depression

We studied segregation and linkage in a large kindred of unipolar depression. We subtyped the kindred on the basis of best fit to a single gene model and found that the cluster of ‘definite and probab
Lepton conservation laws and the existence of two neutrinos

The existence of four independent neutrino states is related to the two conservation laws for leptons. The first is the usual law of lepton conservation, associated with gauge transformations of the fields, while the second is derived from the γ5 gauge transformations of the neutrino field. The experimental basis of these laws is discussed.
Use of Mixed CH3-/HC(O)CH2CH2-Si(111) Functionality to Control Interfacial Chemical and Electronic Properties During the Atomic-Layer Deposition of Ultrathin Oxides on Si(111).

Silicon surfaces terminated with a mixed monolayer containing both a propyl aldehyde functionality and methyl groups were prepared and used to control the interfacial chemical and electronic properties of Si(111) surfaces during atomic-layer deposition (ALD) of Al2O3 or MnO. Si(111) surfaces functionalized only with the aldehyde moiety exhibited surface recombination velocities, S, of 2500 ± 600 cm s–1 whereas the mixed CH3–/HC(O)CH2CH2–Si(111) surfaces displayed S = 25 ± 7 cm s–1. During the ALD growth of either Al2O3 or MnO, both the HC(O)CH2CH2–Si(111) and CH3–/HC(O)CH2CH2–Si(111) surfaces produced increased metal oxide deposition at low cycle number, relative to H–Si(111) or CH3–Si(111) surfaces. As detected by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after the ALD process, the CH3– and mixed CH3–/HC(O)CH2CH2– functionalized Si(111) surfaces exhibited less interfacial SiOx than was observed for ALD of metal oxides on H–Si(111) substrates.
Analytical modeling and simulation of electrochemical charge/discharge behavior of Si thin film negative electrodes in Li-ion cells

Abstract Physically-based analytical models that provide insights into the diffusion and/or interface charge transfer effects in bulk (lithiating/delithiating) electrodes are needed to truly assess the performance/limitations of electrode materials for Li-ion batteries. In this context, an analytical modeling framework is constructed here to predict the electrochemical charge–discharge characteristics during lithiation and delithiation of solid amorphous Si (a-Si) thin film electrodes. The framework includes analytical expressions that satisfy Fick's second law for Li transport and the requisite flux boundary conditions of lithiation and delithiation steps. The expressions are derived here by the method of separation of variables. They enable the determination of transient Li concentration profiles in the thin film electrode as a function of state of charge/discharge. The time-dependent electrode surface concentrations (at the electrode–electrolyte interface) obtained from these profiles were used to determine the activation overpotentials and thus, the non-equilibrium cell potentials, as a function of state of charge/discharge using Butler–Volmer kinetics. The simulated charge/discharge characteristics agreed well with the experimental data of a-Si thin film electrodes obtained at different C-rates. The model offers insights into how the charge-discharge behavior is controlled by diffusion limitation within electrode and/or the activation overpotentials at the interface. The analytical framework is also shown to predict successfully the hysteretic behavior of lithiation/delithiation voltage curves.
Validation of neoclassical bootstrap current models in the edge of an H-mode plasma.

Analysis of the parallel electric field ${E}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ evolution following an $L\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}H$ transition in the DIII-D tokamak indicates the generation of a large negative pulse near the edge which propagates inward, indicative of the generation of a noninductive edge current. Modeling indicates that the observed ${E}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ evolution is consistent with a narrow current density peak generated in the plasma edge. Very good quantitative agreement is found between the measured ${E}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ evolution and that expected from neoclassical theory predictions of the bootstrap current.
Realism in the Study of Entrepreneurship

The authors present a response to an article in a prior issue by S. Ramoglou entitled "On the Misuse of Realism in the Study of Entrepreneurship" that itself was a comment on their own earlier article entitled"Epistemology, Opportunities, and Entrepreneurship: Comments on Venkataraman et al (2012) and Shane (2012)." They address Ramoglou's contention that they conflated a positivist position with critical realism, then consider problems arising from portraying opportunities as objective objects.
Raman continuum in the insulating and untwinned superconducting (Tc=66K and Tc=90K) YBa2Cu3O6+δ single crystals

Abstract Raman spectra of insulating and untwinned superconducting (T c =66 K , T c =90 K ) YBCO single crystals corrected for optical absorption were compared. A strong background continuum exists in the insulating crystals. Intensity of this continuum remains unchanged in the superconducting crystals when incident and scattered photon polarizations are perpendicular to the chains. A stronger continuum is observed in the superconducting crystals when incident and scattered photons are polarized parallel to the chains.
Nitrogen-15 and oxygen-17 NMR studies of the proton binding sites in imidodiphosphate, tetraethyl imidodiphosphate, and adenylyl imidodiphosphate

Pour resoudre le probleme de la structure du pont P-N-P dans l'adenylyl-5p imidophosphate (AMP-PNP) en solution aqueuse, on utilise a la fois la spectrometrie RMN de 15 N et 17 O pour determiner le site de liaison du proton
A comparison of sulfur and chlorine gas species in pulverized-coal, air- and oxy-combustion

Gas phase measurements of sulfur species (SO2, H2S, SO3, and COS) and HCl were collected in the staged near-burner region and the post tertiary injection oxidizing region of a pulverized-coal flame under air- and oxy-fired conditions. The near burner region was characterized by a high CO region near the center of the reactor directly below the burner. This reducing region as indicated by high CO concentrations produced high H2S and COS and lower SO2 concentrations in comparison to the post tertiary injection oxidizing region for both air and oxy-fired conditions. The concentrations of HCl were in most cases insensitive to radial location. Concentrations of all measured sulfur gases were 2.4–2.9 times higher in oxy-fired conditions than air-fired conditions consistent with the increase expected by the removal of N2 from the oxidizer. The concentration of H2S were on average 5.8 times higher in oxy-fired reducing conditions than air-fired reducing conditions indicating that the oxy-fired near burner regions were higher in H2S and lower in SO2 than would be predicted by removal of N2 alone from an air-fired system. The concentrations of SO3 were less than 2% of the total sulfur for both air and oxy-fired conditions but the uncertainty of the measurement did not allow for a comparison between the two firing modes. The concentrations of HCl were 2.4–2.8 times higher in oxy-fired conditions consistent with the removal of N2 from the oxidizer. The total measured sulfur, HCl, SO3, and reducing zone H2S were all found to increase linearly with increasing sulfur and chlorine concentrations in the coal.
Injury induces rapid changes in hepatocyte nuclear factor-1: DNA binding

Background. Transcriptional regulation in the liver plays a critical role in mediating the acute phase response to injury. The molecular mechanisms driving these transcriptional events, however, are poorly defined in vivo. The liver-specific transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)-1 binds to the 5′ upstream region of many acute phase genes. To explore the connection between injury and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms, we investigated the effect of injury on HNF-1 binding activity. Methods. Liver nuclear extracts were prepared from animals after burn or anesthetized sham burn injury. HNF-1 binding activity, affinity, and off rate were assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift analysis. Results. HNF-1 binding activity decreased by 28% 1 1/2 hours after injury. The dissociation constant for HNF-1 increased from 0.6 nm to 11.8 nm at 1 1/2 hours after burn injury partly because of an increase in off rate for the HNF-1: DNA complex. Conclusions. Burn injury leads to a significant decrease in HNF-1 binding activity as a result of decreased affinity of HNF-1 for DNA. These injury-induced alterations in binding of a liver-specific transcription factor for its DNA binding site represent a mechanism for rapidly modulating acute phase gene transcription in vivo.
Growth curves for cardio-metabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

Objective This study developed percentile curves for anthropometric (waist circumference) and cardiovascular (lipid profile) risk factors for US children and adolescents. Study design A representative sample of US children and adolescents from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994 (NHANES III) and the current national series (NHANES 1999-2006) were combined. Percentile curves were constructed, nationally weighted, and smoothed using the Lambda, Mu, and Sigma method. The percentile curves included age- and sex-specific percentile values that correspond with and transition into the adult abnormal cut-off values for each of these anthropometric and cardiovascular components. To increase the sample size, a second series of percentile curves was also created from the combination of the 2 NHANES databases, along with cross-sectional data from the Bogalusa Heart Study, the Muscatine Study, the Fels Longitudinal Study and the Princeton Lipid Research Clinics Study. Results These analyses resulted in a series of growth curves for waist circumference, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and HDL cholesterol from a combination of pediatric data sets. The cut-off for abnormal waist circumference in adult males (102 cm) was equivalent to the 94 th percentile line in 18-year-olds, and the cut-off in adult females (88 cm) was equivalent to the 84 th percentile line in 18-year-olds. Triglycerides were found to have a bimodal pattern among females, with an initial peak at age 11 and a second at age 20; the curve for males increased steadily with age. The HDL curve for females was relatively flat, but the male curve declined starting at age 9 years. Similar curves for total and LDL cholesterol were constructed for both males and females. When data from the additional child studies were added to the national data, there was little difference in their patterns or rates of change from year to year. Conclusions These curves represent waist and lipid percentiles for US children and adolescents, with identification of values that transition to adult abnormalities. They could be used conditionally for both epidemiological and possibly clinical applications, although they need to be validated against longitudinal data.
SU-GG-J-27: Assessment of Patient Setup Corrections in External Beam Radiotherapy Using On-Line Kilo-Voltage Imaging

Purpose:Image‐GuidedRadiation therapy(IGRT) has evolved as a new and better tool for accurate patient setup in radiation therapy. The purpose of this study was to assess patient setup corrections in external beam radiotherapy for head‐and‐neck, breast and prostate tumors by using on‐line kilovoltage (kV) imaging.Method and Materials: Patient position corrected values resulted from on‐line orthogonal kV image matching with DRR were retrospectively collected for three different treatment sites: head‐and‐neck (H&N) (n=19), prostate (n=14) and breast (n=10). The systematic and random setup corrections for each individual patient and the groups were calculated and compared between different treatment sites. Results: For H&N patients, the overall systematic and random setup errors were 0.6±3.0, 0.1±3.6 and −1.2±3.8 mm in the left‐right (LR), anterior‐posterior (AP) and superior‐inferior (SI) directions, respectively. Individual systematic errors greater than 5mm were observed in only 1 of 19 (5.2%) H&N patients. Compared with H&N patients, prostate patients showed similar overall systematic and random errors (0.1±6.4, 0.3±3.9 and 0.6±3.6 mm in the LR, AP and SI directions, respectively). However, a relatively larger fraction (21.4%) of prostate patients had individual systematic offsets greater than 5mm. The overall systematic errors (1.3mm in LR, −2.7mm in AP and 0.6mm in SI) in breast patients were similar to the other two sites. However, significantly larger random setup errors (6.9mm in LR, 4.5mm in AP and 5.7mm in SI) were observed in breast patients. Conclusion: Our study showed that the systematic errors for all anatomic sites are all smaller than 3mm. However, relatively large systematic errors were observed in some individual patients. The random setup errors were found larger in breast patients than other two anatomic sites. These observations support that IGRT is an important and necessary tool in improving the patient setup accuracy.
Monofunctional Near-Infrared Fluorochromes for Imaging Applications

In this report, the development of a new class of monocarboxylate functionalized cyanine derivatives using improved synthetic procedures is detailed. The employed synthetic strategy relies on efficient nucleophilic attack of alkyl-thiols on cyanine dyes bearing chloro-substituted polymethinic linkers. Monocarboxylate derivatized fluorochromes (CyTE dyes) can be prepared in one step in greater than 90% yield without the need for additional purification. Several of the fluorochromes synthesized by this route show no tendency to aggregate in aqueous solution and have excitation and emission maxima greater than 800 nm. The potential utility of the CyTE fluorochromes was demonstrated through direct labeling of phage displaying a vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) targeting peptide. Endothelial cell internalization of the VCAM-1 targeted phage was monitored via near-infrared fluorescence microscopy.