cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The use of technology to transform the home into a safe-haven.

On June 14, 2006 three reports were published by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) in regards to "THE FUTURE OF EMERGENCY CARE IN THE UNITED STATES HEALTH SYSTEM". The three combined reports: Hospital-Based Emergency Care at the Breaking Point, Emergency Medical Services at the Crossroads and Emergency Care for Children Growing Pains, are a clear reflection of the state we currently face, even without a major disaster. Some key findings drawn from all three reports showed that the emergency care system is ill-prepared to handle a major one. For example, many of the 41 million citizens who do not have medical insurance end up using the Emergency Departments (ED) as their source of "regular" care and many of these EDs are at or over capacity, there is little surge capacity for a major event, whether it takes the form of a natural disaster, disease outbreak, or terrorist attack. If we had during the major disaster event, a "contagion" element, i.e. pandemic flu, then the problem would be even more complicated, since the "regular" hospital patient population would need to be isolated from these patients. If we add to this equation the length of time involved in the "current" process of vaccine creation and production (i.e. the volume of vaccines that would be required to be provided to the citizens of the world), the scenario does not look to promising. A new model is needed then to address these requirements. In the developed world we have a number of devices (e.g., radio, TV, Computers, telephones, mobile devices, etc.) and infrastructure (e.g., cable, wireless networks, etc.) that are already supplying the homes and the individuals with a large number of independent applications and different types of information. These stovepipes or independently developed family that include: tele-banking, Telehealth, tele-education, e-commerce, entertainment on demand, etc. when "connected" as an integrated set, may provide an ideal environment, where families may stay at home for a long period of time (quarantine) and would have all the mechanisms in place for getting food and water from supermarkets, drugs from the pharmacy, the children would be able to go to school from home (in turn their school grounds may become temporary hospitals), adults could telecommute to work and minor conditions could be consulted and treated through these systems (with the help of a Telehealth platform that would include electronic health records), etc. Language: en
The Role of Middleware Frameworks in Network-centric Computing

SAIC has been central to the development of several middleware frameworks that support interoperability and distributed operations of disparately developed applications. These include the Defense Modeling and Simulation Office (DMSO) High Level Architecture Run-time Infrastructure (HLA RTI) which was developed to support interoperability between virtual simulations, and the Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA) which enables interoperation between assets on instrumented ranges through the formation of ‘Logical Ranges’. This talk will discuss the relationship between these architectures and the network-centric paradigm now being discussed and developed throughout DoD. 1 Infotech@Aerospace 26 29 September 2005, Arlington, Virginia AIAA 2005-7112 Copyright © 2005 by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. All rights reserved.
Enhancement of the Adhesion of Beryllium Films with Interfacial Beo to Carbon Substrates

The authors have used 200 keV carbon ions to enhance the adhesion of 240-nm thick Be films to polished, vitreous carbon substrates. Adhesion of the as-deposited films was below that necessary to pass the scotch-tape test, but carbon ion fluences less than 1.6 {times} 10{sup 14} C/cm{sup 2} were sufficient to ensure the passage of the tape test without affecting the optical properties of the films. Adhesion failure of the as-deposited film was attributed to an inner oxide layer between the Be and the carbon. Because this oxide ({approximately}5 nm of BeO) was not measurably changed by the irradiation process, these results are consistent with adhesion enhancement occurring on the atomic scale at the interface between the inner oxide and the carbon substrate, and this conclusion was supported by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) data. Potential adhesion mechanisms are discussed with consideration of relative contributions from electronic and nuclear stopping.
Ultrasonic detection of renal tubular carcinoma extending into the inferior vena cava.

AbstractExtension of renal tubular carcinoma into the ipsilateral renal vein and vena cava has been reported to occur in about 5 per cent of the cases. In those patients without demonstrable metastases the 5-year survival rate with aggressive surgical management is 50 per cent. The preoperative diagnosis of tumor extension into the vena cava is important when planning a surgical procedure. A high degree of clinical suspicion, coupled with invasive preoperative roentgenographic evaluation, has been the mainstay of diagnosis. We report a case in which gray scale ultrasonography proved to be an important diagnostic test for delineating the extent of a vena cava tumor thrombus.
Safety Profile of Nifurtimox for Treatment of Chagas Disease in the United States.

Background. Nifurtimox is 1 of only 2 medications available for treating Chagas disease (CD) and currently the only drug available in the United States, but its safety and tolerance have not been extensively studied. This is the first study to evaluate tolerance of nifurtimox in US patients with CD. Methods. This investigation assessed side effects in a sample of 53 patients with CD, all Latin American immigrants, who underwent treatment with nifurtimox (8–10 mg/kg in 3 daily doses for 12 weeks) from March 2008 to July 2012. The frequency and severity of adverse events (AEs) was recorded. Results. A total of 435 AEs were recorded; 93.8% were mild, 3.0% moderate, and 3.2% severe. Patients experienced a mean of 8.2 AEs; the most frequent were anorexia (79.2%), nausea (75.5%), headache (60.4%), amnesia (58.5%), and >5% weight loss (52.8%). Eleven patients (20.8%) were unable to complete treatment. Experiencing a moderate or severe AE (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; P < .05) and Mexican nationality (OR, 2.29; P < .05) were significant predictors of treatment discontinuation, but sex and cardiac progression at baseline were not. Patients who did not complete treatment experienced nearly 3 times more AEs per 30-day period (P = .05). Conclusions. Nifurtimox produces frequent side effects, but the majority are mild and can be managed with dose reduction and/or temporary suspension of medication. The high frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms and weight loss mirrors results from prior investigations. Special attention should be paid during the early stages of treatment to potentially severe symptoms including depression, rash, and anxiety.
A Floor to Poverty: Essential Public Services

The provision of essential public services is an important element in an overall strategy designed to enable everyone to meet their basic needs, enjoy a minimum standard of living, and possess the health, nutrition and education necessary to lead a full and productive life. Experience has shown that even in countries with a low level of per capita income it is possible to provide public services to all the people of a standard sufficiently high to make a significant impact on the quality of their lives.
Pegmatite Minerals of the United States

(1954). Pegmatite Minerals of the United States. Rocks & Minerals: Vol. 29, No. 3-4, pp. 147-178.
Gibbs Free Energy, Work, and Equilibrium

The stability criteria and equilibrium conditions for a system are discussed in terms of a Taylor series expansion of the internal energy of the system. Reference states of concentration, pressure, mole fraction, and activity are discussed and conversions between them are presented. A generalized function Q is established for concentrations based on the arbitrary value of the Gibbs free energy difference under initial conditions and the work associated with the change to the equilibrium state. The temperature dependence of the equilibrium constant is derived. The effect of an external field on equilibrium is touched upon. Expressions for pressure–volume, chemical, osmotic, and electrical work are derived and applied to systems of ecological significance.
Mechanism of Protein Kinase R Inhibition by Human Cytomegalovirus pTRS1.

ABSTRACT Double-stranded RNAs (dsRNA) produced during human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection activate the antiviral kinase protein kinase R (PKR), which potently inhibits virus replication. The HCMV pTRS1 and pIRS1 proteins antagonize PKR to promote HCMV protein synthesis and replication; however, the mechanism by which pTRS1 inhibits PKR is unclear. PKR activation occurs in a three-step cascade. First, binding to dsRNA triggers PKR homodimerizaton. PKR dimers then autophosphorylate, leading to a conformational shift that exposes the binding site for the PKR substrate eIF2α. Consistent with previous in vitro studies, we found that pTRS1 bound and inhibited PKR. pTRS1 binding to PKR was not mediated by an RNA intermediate, and mutations in the pTRS1 RNA binding domain did not affect PKR binding or inhibition. Rather, mutations that disrupted the pTRS1 interaction with PKR ablated the ability of pTRS1 to antagonize PKR activation by dsRNA. pTRS1 did not block PKR dimerization and could bind and inhibit a constitutively dimerized PKR kinase domain. In addition, pTRS1 binding to PKR inhibited PKR kinase activity. Single amino acid point mutations in the conserved eIF2α binding domain of PKR disrupted pTRS1 binding and rendered PKR resistant to inhibition by pTRS1. Consistent with a critical role for the conserved eIF2α contact site in PKR binding, pTRS1 bound an additional eIF2α kinase, heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI), and inhibited eIF2α phosphorylation in response to an HRI agonist. Together our data suggest that pTRS1 inhibits PKR by binding to conserved amino acids in the PKR eIF2α binding site and blocking PKR kinase activity. IMPORTANCE The antiviral kinase PKR plays a critical role in controlling HCMV replication. This study furthered our understanding of how HCMV evades inhibition by PKR and identified new strategies for how PKR activity might be restored during infection to limit HCMV disease.
Biomass Conversion Technologies: Catalytic Conversion Technologies

Diminishing fossil fuel reserves and global warming issues are driving society toward the search for new renewable sources of energy . Lignocellulosic can significantly displace petroleum in the production of fuels . Oxygenated fuels such as ethanol and biodiesel currently dominate the fuel market although they have important limitations. The production of liquid hydrocarbon fuels from biomass is a paradigmatic transformation allowing the production of fuels chemically identical to those currently used in the transportation sector. The present chapter describes some of the catalytic strategies used to transform biomass-derived molecules into liquid hydrocarbon fuels. These strategies are first focused on decreasing the oxygen content of the original molecule such that its reactivity can be more easily controlled. In a subsequent step, the less oxygenated intermediates are upgraded via C–C coupling reactions to increase the length chain to produce a final product suitable for diesel and jet fuel applications. The present chapter offers a number of examples on biomass-derived acids such as lactic and levulinic acids and biomass sugars such as glucose catalytically transformed into liquid hydrocarbon fuels.
High pressure-high temperature phase diagram of an energetic crystal: Dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)

Abstract Raman spectroscopy was used to examine the high pressure-high temperature structural and chemical stability of an insensitive, high-performance energetic crystal – dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50). The phase diagram was determined over 8 GPa and (293–760) K. Under isobaric heating, the melting/decomposition of TKX-50 is preceded by a transformation to two consecutive high-temperature intermediates; a lower-temperature intermediate – diammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate, and a higher-temperature intermediate – dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazolate and/or diammonium 5,5′-bistetrazolate. Pressure strongly increases the transition temperatures for these transformations and subsequent decomposition. Significant increase in the chemical stability of TKX-50 and intermediates with pressure was attributed to a suppression of hydrogen-transfer.
Revisiting the concept of inflammatory cell-induced corrosion.

A peculiar type of surface pitting damage to revised joint replacement implant metal surfaces has been attributed to cellular activity and termed “inflammatory cell-induced-corrosion.” We visually examined 1859 explanted metal implants to document the presence and extent of these features. The data was used to examine correlations between these features and the implant material, and modularity as well as clinical variables. The features were observed in approximately 77% of modular and 30% of monobloc hip implants in a variety of metals, as well as to some degree in various other implants. To test the possibility that these features were an artefact of electrocautery damage during revision surgery, a cleaned, flat, polished, CoCr disk was exposed to a variety of electrocautery interactions. This led to the production of pits and markings comparable to the published damage and to the damage found on the explants we examined. It is concluded that electrocautery damage rather than cellular activity is the cause of these features. Although rarely reported, this damage may be associated with femoral neck fracture. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2017.
The power of frontal midline theta and post‐error slowing to predict performance recovery: Evidence for compensatory mechanisms

Past studies utilizing cognitive control tasks have noted that trials following errors are characterized by slowed reaction time. Despite the assumption long held by researchers that this slowing is compensatory (in the service of post-error performance recovery), studies consistently show that post-error trials are no more accurate than post-correct trials. As a result, it has recently been proposed that post-error slowing (PES) is merely part of an orienting response that serves no task-relevant cognitive control purpose. Frontal midline theta (FMθ) oscillations represent another potential compensatory mechanism serving cognitive control processes, yet past studies relying on ERPs have failed to find an association between FMθ and post-error accuracy. The present study investigated the potentially adaptive role of PES and FMθ oscillations during a flanker task using trial-by-trial comparisons. Results indicated that error-related FMθ oscillations signal the need for enhanced top-down cognitive control and that PES supports cognitive control by providing the added time needed to achieve greater confidence in judgment. Overall, findings provide convergent evidence that both error-related FMθ and PES predict performance recovery following errors.
Sources of Knowledge Used by KIE Textile and Apparel Firms

A fundamental hypothesis in this book is that the sources of knowledge used by KIE firms influence their strategic entrepreneurial and innovative behavior and that behavior affects their economic performance. The various sources of knowledge that KIE firms use address factors that influenced the formation of the firm and factors for exploring new business opportunities.
A series-stacked architecture with 4-to-1 GaN-based isolated converters for high-efficiency data center power delivery

Series-stacked server power delivery architectures have been proposed recently that can achieve much higher energy efficiency than conventional power delivery architectures. When servers are connected in series, differential power processing (DPP) converters can be used to regulate the server voltages when the servers are consuming different amount of currents. Server-to-bus DPP architecture has unique advantages among several other DPP architectures such as being able to achieve the minimum power processed in the DPP converters, and having a higher reliability than other DPP architectures. This work presents the development of a server-to-bus DPP architecture for server power delivery. The hardware prototype is built with four 4-to-1 isolated DPP converters with GaN switches. Four 12V 120W Dell servers are used in the bench test to validate the operation of server-to-bus DPP. 98.99% efficiency is achieved while the servers are running a real-life data center computational load.
Adaptively weighted least squares finite element methods for partial differential equations with singularities

The overall effectiveness of finite element methods may be limited by solutions that lack smoothness on a relatively small subset of the domain. In particular, standard least squares finite element methods applied to problems with singular solutions may exhibit slow convergence or, in some cases, may fail to converge. By enhancing the norm used in the least squares functional with weight functions chosen according to a coarse-scale approximation, it is possible to recover near-optimal convergence rates without relying on exotic finite element spaces or specialized meshing strategies. In this paper we describe an adaptive algorithm where appropriate weight functions are generated from a coarse-scale approximate solution. Several numerical tests, both linear and nonlinear, illustrate the robustness of the adaptively weighted approach compared with the analogous standard L 2 least squares finite element approach.
Benedikt Syndrome due to Isolated Midbrain Neurocysticercosis (P3.320)

Objective: To present a unique case of Benedikt syndrome in a patient with isolated midbrain neurocysticercosis. Background: Benedikt syndrome features ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy and contralateral weakness/clumsiness. It localizes specifically to the the ventral paramedian midbrain. The classic etiology is vascular. In contrast, neurocysticercosis rarely presents with isolated brainstem involvement. Design/Methods: Case review of a patient presenting to a Midwest tertiary referral center with 2-year longitudinal follow up. Results: A 48-year-old man who previously lived on a pig farm in Mexico presented with right arm clumsiness/weakness. Diplopia, vertigo, and clumsy gait developed acutely 2 days later. There were no vascular risk factors. Exam revealed left eye exotropia/hypotropia, ptosis, and diminished pupillary response with anisocoria in ambient lighting. Accommodation was absent. He had 4+/5 proximal right arm weakness and right hemibody dysmetria. Gait was wide-based and ataxic with a tendency to lean to the right. MRI revealed a 1.4cm-diameter enhancing left paramedian ventral midbrain lesion with surrounding inflammation. Cerebrospinal fluid yielded 1 WBC, 10 RBCs, normal glucose, and protein 44.8. Oligoclonal bands and flow cytometry were negative. Cytology showed mild monocytosis but no atypia. C-reactive protein was 13 and erythrocyte sedimentation rate 11. Infectious workup was negative including serum/CSF neurocysticercosis electroimmunotransfer blot array (EITB). The history and MRI suggested colloidal neurocysticercosis, but confirmatory biopsy was deemed unacceptably risky. He received empiric albendazole and intravenous methylprednisolone after ophthalmologic examination ruled out ocular cysticercosis. His symptoms improved dramatically prior to discharge. Longitudinal assessment demonstrated ongoing clinico-radiographic improvement, with normalization of exam 6 months after presentation. Conclusions: This case highlights a non-vascular etiology of Benedikt syndrome. Despite the negative EITB, the risk factors, monophasic course, and response to albendazole support the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis. The small, midline, colloidal lesion and good outcome echoes prior literature on isolated brainstem neurocysticercosis, though Benedikt syndrome has not previously been reported. Disclosure: Dr. Husain has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cheponis has nothing to disclose.
Glaucomas: Glaucoma and the Cornea

From the glaucoma specialist’s standpoint, the cornea has generated a great deal of interest since the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study (OHTS) highlighted the importance of central corneal thickness as a risk factor for glaucoma development. The cornea has always been important though, because a compact and transparent cornea is necessary for a clear view of the optic nerve, for good visual acuity to perform visual fields, and for accurate measurements of intraocular pressure. The effects of glaucoma and glaucoma treatment on the corneal endothelium are of particular concern, as a compromised endothelium poses a great risk for corneal decompensation.
The Impact of Simplifications on 3-D Neutronics Analysis of Blanket Modules in ITER

AbstractITER blanket modules (BMs) are arranged around the plasma to provide thermal and nuclear shielding for the vacuum vessel, magnets and other external components. Detailed mapping of nuclear heating, radiation damage, and helium production is an essential input to the design process. During initial investigation of a BM design, some simplifications of the BM may be needed. Nuclear heating was determined for four CAD based models of the BM04 region (located at the inboard mid-plane) including 1) a detailed 3-D geometry with a detailed 3-D source, 2) a detailed 3-D geometry with a uniformly distributed source, 3) a homogenized 3-D geometry with a detailed 3-D source, and, 4) a homogenized 3-D geometry with a uniformly distributed source. The results show that the impact of using homogenized models is larger than that of using a uniformly distributed source. These results are being incorporated into the BM design process by using more detail in homogenized models when detailed CAD based models are not ...
Imaging of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Imaging is an essential part of establishing a confident diagnosis in the setting of suspected idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) represents the imaging and histopathologic correlate of IPF. Although chest radiographs often show abnormalities in patients with UIP, the findings are typically nonspecific. High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) allows for accurate characterization of many types of pulmonary fibrosis and can be used to establish a confident diagnosis of UIP. When a confident diagnosis of UIP can be made on HRCT, the high accuracy of a high-confidence diagnosis obviates the need to perform a surgical lung biopsy. However, due to significant overlap in the imaging appearance of UIP with other causes of pulmonary fibrosis, caution is necessary in making a diagnosis of IPF when low-confidence patterns of pulmonary fibrosis are present.
From Markov Chains to Compartmental Models

For our Markov chain models, we have always assumed that the state vectors are probabilities. However, in some applications such as ecosystems, we are more interested in the quantities of, say, a nutrient in a particular state at a particular time rather than the probability that a molecule is in that state at that time. We shall see that the two concepts are equivalent.
Role of spherical aberration in contrast sensitivity loss with radial keratotomy.

A technique is described to determine the change in image contrast as a result of the spherical aberration induced by the radial keratotomy procedure. The hypothesis that the loss in contrast sensitivity of the RK eye is due to the change in spherical aberration postsurgically, is found to be acceptable for some patients. However, this is not a sufficient explanation in all cases. This conclusion may be due to assumptions inherent in the technique derived for calculating spherical aberration or to other factors of importance in the post-RK eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 30:1997-2001,1989 It has been reported by several investigators 1 9 that some subjects show a measurable change in contrast sensitivity (CS) following radial keratotomy (RK). In some cases the losses reported appear transitory. 2 ' 6 " 8 In a recent study by Tomlinson and Caroline 1 CS was measured 1 year postoperatively on six subjects who had undergone RK on one eye only. In three of these subjects it was found that the CS of the maximally corrected, operated eye was significantly reduced compared to that of the maximally corrected, unoperated eye. Assuming that the CS of the unoperated eye is similar to the preoperative CS of the fellow eye this implies a reduction in visual performance as a consequence of RK. The losses in contrast sensitivity noted in this study 1 are not found in all patients undergoing the procedure. It is of interest to discover the source of the visual loss found in some patients since this might allow anticipation of such consequences of RK. Several possibilities have been considered including increased glare, 3 changes in corneal thickness 4 and change in retinal image size. 5 Another possibility, the one to be considered in this paper, is the loss of retinal image quality as a result of the change in spherical aberration of the post-RK cornea. Since we have pre- and 1 year postoperative photokeratoscopic data on each of the eyes which underwent RK in the previous study, it is possible to esti
Use of Non-invasive Tissue Oxygen Saturation Monitoring to Assess Cardiovascular Insufficiency

Cardiovascular insufficiency is characterized by an inadequate oxygen delivery (DO2) relative to metabolic demands. In the early stages of shock, compensatory autonomic mechanisms, such as vasoconstriction of muscles and skin and eventually lesser vital organs, are activated in an attempt to maintain central blood pressure and vital organ perfusion above an anaerobic threshold. Because in this stage of compensated shock macrocirculatory measures, like arterial pressure or cardiac output, are often inside the range of values defined as normal, these traditional measures of circulatory shock are insensitive as early predictors of subsequent decompensation. Patients in these states of compensated shock are at increased risk of tissue ischemia and subsequent development of multi-organ failure and death. Although macrocirculatory assessments are usually insensitive to assess compensated shock states, microcirculation alterations in muscle and skin blood flow already occur. Thus, measures of tissue cardiovascular reserve should be a sensitive early warning measure of impending cardiovascular collapse due to progressive hemorrhage presenting as compensated shock. In that regard, we present published and preliminary data demonstrating that the non-invasive measurement of tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) when coupled to a functional hemodynamic monitoring test, such as the vascular occlusion test, may allow early identification of compensated circulatory shock and thus guide initial resuscitation efforts.
Comparing Computing Professionals’ Perceptions of Importance of Skills and Knowledge on the Job and Coverage in Undergraduate Experiences

This article discusses the findings of a survey of nearly 300 computing professionals who are involved in the design and/or development of software across a variety of industries. We report on the surveyed professionals’ perceptions of the importance of a range of topics and skills, and the degree to which 55 recent graduates felt that each topic or skill was emphasized in their undergraduate experience. Our findings highlight the value of breadth and flexibility in technical skills, and the universal importance of critical thinking, problem solving, on-the-job learning, and the ability to work well in cross-disciplinary teams. These findings align roughly with recommendations by the ACM/IEEE task force on computing curricula. However, the recent graduates we surveyed report inconsistent coverage of these most important areas within their degree experiences. We discuss implications for education and for future research.
Standards for Fetal Growth and Neonatal Growth Outcomes

This chapter is concerned with the development of standards for evaluating fetal growth. Both conventional cross-sectional standards (based on size) and individualized standards (based on growth velocities) are discussed. Procedures for choosing anatomical measurement and age parameters are discussed. Sample selection is described in detail, and the use of percentiles to classify size measurements is presented. A discussion of the limitations of comparisons to the group is included. The presentation of an individualized approach [each fetus is its own control] begins with the assessment of growth potential for individual anatomical parameters in each fetus. Size model specification and individualized size trajectory generation are described in detail. Special parameters for comparing predicted and measured measurements during the 3rd trimester [percent deviation (%Dev)] and at birth [growth potential realization index (GPRI)] are defined. A method for quantifying growth pathology is described. The importance of concordance between fetal and neonatal growth assessments is discussed.
Long-term Results for Maxillomandibular Advancement to Treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-analysis:

ObjectiveTo examine outcomes in the intermediate term (1 to <4 years), long term (4 to <8 years), and very long term (≥8 years) for maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) as treatment for obstructive ...
Building the Innovative and Entrepreneurial University

How can entrepreneurship be taught? The positive feedback loop at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for spirit & skills which creates the successful entrepreneurial ecosystem.Innovation and entrepreneurship organization in higher education: KEEN a network of thousands of faculties, working to unleash undergraduate students so that they can create personal, economic, and societal value through the entrepreneurial mindset; DECA - an international association of high school students and teachers of marketing, management and entrepreneurship in business, finance, hospitality and marketing sales and services.Innovation and entrepreneurship at Kettering University: The T-space to transforming their mindset to "think, tinker, and thrive"; facture two, built on the idea that learning, sharing, and creating are empowering and transformative forces which can open doors and revolutions both perceptions and realities; innovation and entrepreneurship minor at the school of management; Kettering Entrepreneurship society.How can entrepreneurship be including in the curriculum? Teaching the Entrepreneurial Mindset in Computer Science classes.
Health intentions and behaviors of health app owners: a cross-sectional study

Mobile devices have become widely popular in recent years. This popularity has been accompanied by the adoption of technologies created for those devices such as mobile applications (apps), many of which have been designed to facilitate achieving health goals. This study examined health-related intentions and behaviors, and their associations with mobile health app ownership in a large, nationally representative sample. Data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) from the 2014 collection wave were analyzed. Expressing greater intentions to lose weight and to exercise was associated with owning mobile health apps. However, health app owners did not significantly differ from non-owners in their reported health behaviors in the domains of eating, exercise, and sedentary time. Although we do not know that the health apps that the app owners in this sample possessed were related to altering diet and exercise, this finding could suggest that health app owners do not use them, or that the ones available to them may be insufficient at eliciting and maintaining behaviors supporting relevant health intentions, suggesting an opportunity to leverage the capacities of mHealth technologies to produce more effective interventions delivered by apps informed by health behavior change theories.
Infant frontal EEG asymmetry moderates the association between maternal behavior and toddler negative affectivity

Relatively little work has examined potential interactions between child intrinsic factors and extrinsic environmental factors in the development of negative affect in early life. This work is important because high levels of early negative affectivity have been associated with difficulties in later childhood adjustment. We examined associations between infant frontal electroencephalogram (EEG), maternal parenting behaviors, and children's negative affect across the first two years of life. Infant baseline frontal EEG asymmetry was measured at 5 months; maternal sensitivity and intrusiveness were observed during mother-child interaction at 5 and 24 months; and mothers provided reports of toddler negative affect at 24 months. Results indicated that maternal sensitive behaviors at 5 months were associated with less negative affect at 24 months, but only for infants with left frontal EEG asymmetry. Similarly, maternal sensitive behaviors at 24 months were associated with less toddler negative affect at 24 months, but only for infants with left frontal EEG asymmetry. In contrast, maternal intrusive behaviors at 5- and 24-months were associated with greater toddler negative affect, but only for infants with right frontal EEG asymmetry at 5-months. Findings suggest that levels of negative affect in toddlers may be at least partially a result of interactions between children's own early neurophysiological functioning and maternal behavior during everyday interactions with children in the first two years of life.
Patterning polymer-filled nanoparticle films via leaching-enabled capillary rise infiltration (LeCaRI)

Polymer-infiltrated nanoparticle films (PINFs) are a class of nanocomposites with unusual and synergistic physical properties due to the extremely high loadings (well above 50 vol%) of nanoparticles (NP). Thermal and solvent-based routes have been utilized to induce polymer infiltration into the interstitial pores of NP packings to make PINFs. Patterning these highly filled PINFs could be extremely useful for applications that require lateral modulation of properties. In this work, we take advantage of leaching of mobile, uncrosslinked species from an elastomer network to enable rapid patterning of PINFs at room temperature without use of any solvents. When a NP film is brought into contact with an elastomer network, uncross-linked chains are leached out of the elastomer into the pores of the NP packing by capillarity. The extent of infiltration can be controlled by varying the particle size and the humidity. By using elastomers with surface features, infiltration of mobile species can be localized to pattern PINFs. The mobile species in the patterned regions spread laterally over time making it possible to generate laterally graded compositions. Alternatively, the patterns can also be fixed in space using oligomers that can be crosslinked upon UV exposure. LeCaRI holds great potential as a general approach to the scalable manufacturing of patterned polymer nanocomposite films for applications that require lateral modulation of optical, mechanical and wetting properties.
The Costs and Benefits of Volunteering Programs in the Public Sector: A Longitudinal Study of Municipal Governments

Public sector volunteering is an increasingly common phenomenon that has attracted public administration scholars’ attention for several decades. Previous literature suggests that one of the main a...
Ultrasound Predicts White Matter Integrity after Hypothermia Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury.

Background Hypoxic-ischemic injury (HII) is a major cause of neonatal death and neurodevelopmental disability. Head ultrasounds (HUS) in neonates with HII often show enhanced gray/white matter differentiation. We assessed the significance of this finding in predicting white matter structural integrity measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in neonates with HII. Methods We performed a quantitative region of interest-based analysis of white and gray matter echogenicity within the cingulate gyrus on pre- and posthypothermia HUS. We also completed a quantitative analysis of fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean (MD), axial (AD), and radial (RD) diffusivity within the bilateral anterior and posterior centrum semiovale (CSO) on posthypothermia brain magnetic resonance imaging. For HUS studies, we calculated a white-to-gray matter echogenicity ratio (WGR) and subsequently correlated it to DTI measurements. Results Forty-two term neonates with HII who underwent hypothermia therapy were included. Significant correlation was found between prehypothermia WGR and MD, AD, and RD values in the left anterior CSO (r = .38-.40, P = .02). Prehypothermia WGR also correlated with the following: MD and RD in the right anterior CSO (r = .35-.36, P = .04), MD and AD in the right posterior CSO (r = .32-.45, P = .008-.03), and AD in the left posterior CSO (r = .47, P = .005). No significant correlation was found either between prehypothermia WGR and FA values in the bilateral anterior and posterior CSO or between posthypothermia WGR and all DTI scalars in the bilateral anterior and posterior CSO. Conclusions Prehypothermia HUS WGR may predict posthypothermia white matter structural integrity and is potentially an early and easily obtainable biomarker of severity in neonatal HII.
Effect of dietary glycolytic inhibitors on pork quality

Four studies were performed to determine the effectiveness of short term feeding of several dietary glycolytic inhibitors on the quality of pork. In this series of studies oxalate, quercetin, vitamin C, and zinc, naturally occurring compounds, were used shortly prior to slaughter to reduce glycolytic rate and improve subsequent pork quality, hi the first experiment the oxalate was provided to 110 kg pigs in the form of sodium oxalate at 0, 7.0, and 9.7 g/ pig (110kg BW). The ingestion of sodium oxalate decreased the rate of muscle pH decline and lowered the pork water loss (WL). In an additional experiment with sodium oxalate, 30 kg pigs were used as a model for market pigs. The sodium oxalate (0 and 2.6 g/ pig) again decreased the rate of muscle pH decline postmortem and lowered pork WL. In a second experiment the effect of dietary quercetin, an inhibitor of lactate dehydrogenase, on pork quality was determined in 110 kg pigs. Quercetin was provided at 0, 1.07, and 4.68 mg/ pig (110 kg BW). The ingestion of quercetin decreased the rate of muscle pH decline and improved the subsequent pork WL. The redness of the pork was lower with ingestion of dietary quercetin. The last two experiments both involved using the 30 kg pig as a model for the market pig. In the third experiment high doses of vitamin C, a metabolic precursor of oxalate, was fed at 0,290, and 704 mg/ pig. The ingestion of vitamin C decreased the rate of postmortem muscle pH decline and lowered subsequent pork WL. The ingestion of vitamin C also improved the red color score of pork products and reduced the paleness of the pork products. In the forth experiment, high levels of dietary Zn were provided shortly prior to slaughter. Dietary Zn was fed at 0, 4.9, 7.8, and 11.8 g/pig. The ingestion of Zn did not
Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH) with liver metastases

Diffuse Idiopathic Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare pulmonary disorder characterised by classic radiological findings and symptoms of obstructive lung disease. DIPNECH is considered a precursor to carcinoid tumours in the lungs. In this case, we describe a patient with years of unexplained dry cough presenting with 2 weeks of progressive nausea and vomiting, and found to have massive hepatomegaly on examination. By CT-PE, she was diagnosed with DIPNECH, and abdominal MRI revealed metastatic carcinoid tumours. Despite its non-specific presentation, DIPNECH has characteristic radiological findings of mosaic attenuation with numerous pulmonary nodules. DIPNECH requires early identification and close surveillance to prevent progression to carcinoid tumours. Thus, it is critical for frontline providers to consider this diagnosis as part of their differential when other common causes of obstructive lung disease have been ruled out.
Temporal relationships between stress protein induction, progesterone withdrawal, and apoptosis in corpora lutea of ewes treated with prostaglandin F2 alpha.

Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect in situ alterations in inducible heat shock (stress) protein (HSP)-70 production and DNA fragmentation (indicative of apoptotic cell death) in luteal tissues obtained from sheep after in vivo administration of a luteolytic dose of PGF2 alpha. Accumulation of HSP-70 was localized to PG-sensitive (i.e., large) luteal cells. Cytoplasmic HSP-70 increased within 2 h after treatment. Luteal concentrations of progesterone decreased precipitously thereafter. Expression of HSP-70 diminished by 16 h. An increase in immunostained digoxigenin-labeled DNA was not detected until the onset of structural involution at 16 h; both large and small steroidogenic cells were affected. It is suggested that HSP-70 induction by PGF2 alpha is a prelude to steroid depletion and active apoptotic death of luteal cells.
1H. Liver X receptor-like receptors (version 2019.4) in the IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology Database

Liver X and farnesoid X receptors (LXR and FXR, nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Nuclear Hormone Receptors [68]) are members of a steroid analogue-activated nuclear receptor subfamily, which form heterodimers with members of the retinoid X receptor family. Endogenous ligands for LXRs include hydroxycholesterols (OHC), while FXRs appear to be activated by bile acids. In humans and primates, NR1H5P is a pseudogene. However, in other mammals, it encodes a functional nuclear hormone receptor that appears to be involved in cholesterol biosynthesis [71].
Topological Sliding Moiré Heterostructure

We investigate the effect of sliding motion of layers in Moir\'e heterostructures on the electronic state. We show that the sliding Moir\'e heterostructure can generate nontrivial topology characterized by the first and second Chern number in the high dimensional manifold spanned by the physical dimensions and synthetic dimensions associated with the sliding displacement. The nontrivial topology implies a topological charge pumping caused by the sliding motion. We demonstrate the nontrivial topology and charge pumping explicitly in a one dimensional bi-chain model and the small-angle twisted bilayer graphene. Contrary to the conventional belief that the interlayer sliding in incommensurate Moir\'e Heterostructures does not affect the electronic structure, our results reveal that the sliding motion can generate nontrivial topology dynamically and hence cannot be neglected in the dynamical process.
Morphological signatures induced by dust back reaction in discs with an embedded planet

Recent observations have revealed a gallery of substructures in the dust component of nearby protoplanetary discs, including rings, gaps, spiral arms, and lopsided concentrations. One interpretation of these substructures is the existence of embedded planets. Not until recently, however, most of the modelling effort to interpret these observations ignored the dust back reaction to the gas. In this work, we conduct local-shearing-sheet simulations for an isothermal, inviscid, non-self-gravitating, razor-thin dusty disc with a planet on a fixed circular orbit. We systematically examine the parameter space spanned by planet mass ($0.1M_\text{th} \le M_\text{p} \le 1M_\text{th}$, where $M_\text{th}$ is the thermal mass), dimensionless stopping time ($10^{-3} \le \tau_\text{s} \le 1$), and solid abundance ($0 < Z \le 1$). We find that when the dust particles are tightly coupled to the gas ($\tau_\text{s} < 0.1$), the spiral arms are less open and the gap driven by the planet becomes deeper with increasing $Z$, consistent with a reduced speed of sound in the approximation of a single dust-gas mixture. By contrast, when the dust particles are marginally coupled ($0.1 \lesssim \tau_\text{s} \lesssim 1$), the spiral structure is insensitive to $Z$ and the gap structure in the gas can become significantly skewed and unidentifiable. When the latter occurs, the pressure maximum radially outside of the planet is weakened or even extinguished, and hence dust filtration by a low-mass ($M_\text{p} < M_\text{th}$) planet could be reduced or eliminated. Finally, we find that the gap edges where the dust particles are accumulated as well as the lopsided large-scale vortices driven by a massive planet, if any, are unstable, and they are broken into numerous small-scale dust-gas vortices.
Combustion with Multiple Flames under High Strain Rates

Structures with multiple flames, nonpremixed and premixed, in strained flow representative of turbulent combustion are analyzed with reacting, viscous, three-dimensional counterflows. There can be ...
Ligament and Bone Arch Partition of the Carpal Tunnel by Three-Dimensional Ultrasonography.

The carpal tunnel is structurally complex and geometrically irregular due to the many intercalated carpal bones by numerous intercarpal ligaments. The purpose of the study was to investigate the relative contributions of the ligament and bone arches to carpal tunnel space at the proximal, middle, and distal tunnel regions. A catheter ultrasound probe acquired fan-like images inside cadaveric carpal tunnels for three-dimensional reconstruction of the tunnel. The total tunnel volume was 5367.6 ± 940.1 mm3 with contributions of 12.0%, 6.9%, and 4.1% by proximal, middle, and distal ligament arches, respectively, and 27.0%, 25.3%, and 24.7% by proximal, middle, and distal bone arches, respectively. The bone arch occupied more tunnel space than the ligament arch at all regions (p<0.05). The ligament arch was largest at the proximal region of the tunnel and significantly decreased towards the distal region (p<0.05). However, the bone arch significantly decreased only from the proximal to middle region (p<0.05) but not from the middle to distal region (p=0.311). Consequently, it was observed that the ligament arch was the key contributor to the unequal carpal tunnel space across regions. The partitional tunnel morphometric knowledge provided in the study is valuable in understanding the regional abnormalities in tunnel morphology associated with various wrist pathological conditions. The developed framework of ultrasonography and data processing can be applied to other areas of interest in the musculoskeletal system.
General Jacobi Coordinates and Herman Resonance for Some Nonheliocentric Celestial N-body Problems

The general Jacobi symplectic variables generated by a combinatorial algorithm from the full binary tree T(N) are used to formulate some nonheliocentric gravitational N-body problems in perturbation form. The resulting uncoupled term HU for (N - 1) independent Keplerian motions and the perturbation term UP are both explicitly dependent on the partial ordering induced by the tree T(N). This leads to suitable conditions on separations of the N bodies for the perturbation to be small. We prove the Herman resonance for a new approximation of the 5-body problem. Full details of the derivations of the perturbation form and Herman resonance are given only in the case of five bodies using the caterpillar binary tree Tc(5).
Selective Wilsonianism: Material Interests and the West's Support for Democracy

When a mass movement broke out in 2013 against the corrupt government of Viktor Yanukovich in Ukraine, the United States and its West European allies mobilized to support it. The policy was justifi...
11 – Alternative Approaches

The preceding chapters have outlined a strategy for estimating structural equations that represent multiwave, multivariate panel models. Several alternative methods of analyzing over-time data for individuals can be found in the literature. Here two of these, the pooling of cross sections and time series, and differential equation models, are briefly described and compared with our approach.