cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3050: Transcriptome sequencing identifies oncogenic microRNA signatures related to NF-kB, TP53 and Notch family members in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

MicroRNA dysregulation has been shown to be nearly universal in cancer biology, driving oncogenic signaling networks. However, microRNA mediated global regulatory mechanisms underlying malignant phenotypes of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear. In this study, we have performed genome-wide small RNA sequencing on a panel of nine HNSCC cell lines and three normal primary oral keratinocyte cell lines, as well as matched primary tumor and normal tissues using the SOLiD parallel sequencing platform. A panel of microRNAs with altered expression was identified, including several novel oncogenic microRNAs which are upregulated in parallel with altered activation of NF-KB c-REL, TP53 family members ΔNp63α and TAp73, and potentially involved in the down-modulation of p53 and Notch1, two genes most often mutated or inactivated in HNSCC. To examine the hypothesis that these microRNAs could potentially be regulated by NF-KB and p53 pathways, NF-KB inducer TNF-α was used to treat an HNSCC cell line with high expression of mtTP53, ΔNp63α and TAp73. Genome-wide small RNA sequencing revealed significant changes in microRNA expression modulated by TNF-α that overlaps with the panel of constitutively dysregulated microRNAs in HNSCC. Furthermore, genome-wide ChIP-sequencing revealed that TNF-α modulated DNA binding activities of c-REL, ΔNp63α and TAp73 aligned within the regulatory regions of several differentially expressed microRNAs. Modulation of these microRNAs with anti-miR repression altered cell cycle and reduced proliferation in HNSCC cell lines, which confirmed the oncogenic activity of the microRNAs and their potential for therapeutic targeting. Citation Format: Anthony D. Saleh, Han Si, Xingping Yang, Jamie Coupar, Zhong Chen, Carter Van Waes. Transcriptome sequencing identifies oncogenic microRNA signatures related to NF-kB, TP53 and Notch family members in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3050. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3050 Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR Annual Meeting 2013 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Exploration of Space Distribution on Leptospirosis Epidemic Focus With Host Animal

Objective To explore the space distribution relation of leptospirosis epidemic focus with host animal in Qiannan prefecture and to provide the basic data for prediction, prevention and cure of leptospirosis. Methods The epidemiologic description, serum detection and geographic methods were applied to analyze the factors of infection focus and epidemic characteristics of leptospirosis. Results The animal Apodemus agrarius was a very important reserve host of leptospirosis with a carrier rate of 7.36%, and accounted for 95.84% of all the check rats. The geographic distribution of host animal local area had a close relation with cases of leptospirosis aggregate distribution. Conclusion According to agriculture of leptospirosis till way that to build a mode of host animal local area with cases distribution is very important.
Task and relationship orientation of Thai and American business students’ based on cultural contexts

Global managers and educators should understand that cultural differences cannot be cured and, therefore, they should be accepted if professionals are to build strong relationships in order to work effectively in diverse workplaces and educational settings across the globe. Some of the common differences are across high and low context countries as well as those of individualistic and collectivistic cultures. To explore such differences, this paper focused on the cultural differences of Thai students in Thailand and American students from the United States of America (U.S.A.) in the business programs. Using the t-test statistical analysis, the results of 77 Thai respondents’ show that they tend to score similarly on the relationship-orientation and taskorientation; however, this is not the case when their averages are compared to the scores of respondents from the United States. The results of 87 American respondents are higher on both orientations when compared to their Thai counterpart. For practical application, some of the common cultural differences are presented for managers and educators who work in diverse settings, such as in the United States or Thailand. Finally, suggestions and implications for future studies are presented.
Grid Based Boltzmann Equation Solvers

The Monte Carlo method is not the only method for solving the Boltzmann transport equation. Furthermore, the popular belief that Monte Carlo is the most accurate method for solving problems of radiation transport is simply not correct. Non-stochastic or deterministic methods for solving the Boltzmann equation achieve the same level of accuracy as Monte Carlo algorithms.
Impact of dietary fat composition on prediabetes: a 12-year follow-up study.

Objective Dietary fatty acid composition likely affects prediabetic conditions such as isolated impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); however, this risk has not been evaluated in a large population nor has it been followed prospectively. Design Diet, physical activity, anthropometric, socio-economic and blood glucose data from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study were obtained from BioLINCC. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to evaluate associations of dietary SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n -3 fatty acid (FA) and n -6 FA intakes with incidence of one (isolated IFG) or two (IFG with IGT) prediabetic conditions at the end of 12-year follow-up. Setting Study volunteers were from counties in North Carolina, Mississippi, Minnesota and Maryland, USA. Subjects Data from 5288 volunteers who participated in the ARIC study were used for all analyses reported herein. Results The study population was 62% male and 84 % white, mean age 53·5 ( sd 5·7) years and mean BMI 26·2 ( sd 4·6) kg/m 2 . A moderately high intake of dietary MUFA (10–15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % reduced risk of isolated IFG incidence, while a high intake of n -3 FA (>0·15 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 10 % increase in risk. Curiously, moderately high intake of n -6 PUFA (4–5 % of total daily energy) was associated with a 12 % reduction in IFG and IGT incidence. Conclusions MUFA, n -3 and n -6 FA contribute differently to the development of isolated IFG v . IFG with IGT; and their mechanism may be more complex than originally proposed.
Cumulative Burden of Morbidity Among Testicular Cancer Survivors After Standard Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy: A Multi-Institutional Study.

PurposeIn this multicenter study, we evaluated the cumulative burden of morbidity (CBM) among > 1,200 testicular cancer survivors and applied factor analysis to determine the co-occurrence of adverse health outcomes (AHOs).Patients and MethodsParticipants were ≤ 55 years of age at diagnosis, finished first-line chemotherapy ≥ 1 year previously, completed a comprehensive questionnaire, and underwent physical examination. Treatment data were abstracted from medical records. A CBM score encompassed the number and severity of AHOs, with ordinal logistic regression used to assess associations with exposures. Nonlinear factor analysis and the nonparametric dimensionality evaluation to enumerate contributing traits procedure determined which AHOs co-occurred.ResultsAmong 1,214 participants, approximately 20% had a high (15%) or very high/severe (4.1%) CBM score, whereas approximately 80% scored medium (30%) or low/very low (47%). Increased risks of higher scores were associated with four cycles of either ifosfam...
Nutritional value and taste play different roles in learning and memory in the honey bee (Apis mellifera).

Honey bees will learn to respond to an odor when their antennae are stimulated with sucrose, even if they are not fed during the conditioning phase. However, if they are not fed, the memory of this association is significantly reduced 24 h after conditioning. These results suggest that stimulation of proboscis with sucrose and/or the nutritional quality of the reward plays an important role in establishing a long lasting memory. Three sugars, xylose, sorbitol and mannitol, are used to investigate the relationship among learning, sensory perception and nutritional value. The proboscis extension reflex is used to show that honey bees cannot taste these sugars, whereas mortality data suggest that bees can metabolize all three sugars. Feeding with sorbitol or xylose during olfactory associative conditioning restores robust 24 h memories. However, when given a free choice between consuming sucrose alone or sucrose supplemented with these nutritional sugars, bees did not show a preference for food containing the higher nutritional content. Furthermore, bees did not ingest solutions containing only the tasteless sugar even when it was the only food source. Together, these results suggest that nutritional content and not just sensory information is important for establishing long term memories, but that bees may not be able to assess nutritional content when it is disassociated from taste.
Cytopathologic features of SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma.

Background SMARCB1 (INI-1)-deficient sinonasal carcinoma (IDSNC) is a newly described, poorly differentiated carcinoma. Herein, the authors describe the cytopathologic features of IDSNC in fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples. Methods The pathology archives of 2 academic institutions were searched for cases of IDSNC with available cytologic materials. All available slides were reviewed and a detailed morphological analysis was performed. Results Six cases were identified from 6 patients. FNA specimens were obtained from metastatic sites (4 cases), a local disease recurrence (1 case), and a primary lesion extending into the orbit (1 case). The majority of cases had cellular specimens with features of nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma composed of cohesive clusters and sheets of oval to polygonal cells with indistinct cell borders present within a background of necrotic debris. Two cases had single rhabdoid cells with more abundant cytoplasm. The nuclei generally were small and uniform with fine chromatin, small nucleoli, and mild nuclear membrane irregularities; moderate anisonucleosis and multinucleation were noted in one case. Apoptotic bodies were common in 5 of 6 cases, and readily identifiable mitoses in 3 of 6 cases. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that all cases expressed cytokeratins, 4 of 5 cases expressed p63, and all cases demonstrated loss of INI-1 nuclear expression. All cases were negative for neuroendocrine markers and aberrant p16 staining. Conclusions A diagnosis of IDSNC can be suspected on FNA specimens from patients with high-grade sinonasal carcinomas that have either a nonkeratinizing squamous cell carcinoma or rhabdoid morphology. Clinical history and the availability of material for immunohistochemistry are key in confirming the diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathol 2018. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior, Physical Activity, and Cardiometabolic Risk in Hispanic Youth: Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latino Youth.

Context Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), but not in sedentary behavior (SB), is related to cardiometabolic risk among non-Hispanic white youth. Objective Examine associations of SB and MVPA with cardiometabolic risk factors among Hispanic/Latino youth. Design Cross-sectional analysis. Setting Four US communities. Participants Hispanic/Latino youth (N = 1,426) ages 8 to 16 years. Measurements Associations of MVPA and SB, measured using 7-day accelerometer data (independent variables), with markers of glucose and lipid metabolism, inflammation, and endothelial function (dependent variables), were assessed in multivariable linear regression models while adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and accelerometer wear time. Additional models controlled for obesity measures. Results SB comprised a mean (SD) of 75% (13%) of accelerometer wear time; mean (SD) time of MVPA was 35 min/d (22 min/d). Deleterious levels of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were associated with lower levels of MVPA and higher levels of SB (all P < 0.05). Associations of MVPA with log-transformed triglyceride concentrations (β per 15-min/d increment, -0.039; SE, 0.018; P = 0.037) and SB with HDL-C (β per 30-min/d increment, -0.63; SE, 0.26; P = 0.018), but not those with other markers, remained significant after adjusting for MVPA or SB and further adjustment for body mass index and waist circumference. Higher SB tertiles were associated with lower soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products in fully adjusted models (P for trend = 0.037). Conclusions Physiological precursors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease were associated with MVPA and SB among US Hispanic/Latino youth, a group that bears a disproportionate burden of metabolic disorders.
Ship design optimization considering uncertainty

Multi-disciplinary analysis and design optimization allow designers to break away from the traditional design spiral approach and focus on searching the design space for the best overall design rather than considering best discipline-specific designs. The effects of uncertainty in the disciplinary calculations of complex design simulation models are considered. Uncertainty is quantified using a "confidence of success" calculation that is developed based on the Mean Value Method. The confidence of success is the probability that a design will satisfy all constraints and meet performance objectives. Multiple sources of uncertainty are quantified and represented in a ship synthesis model. Optimizations using confidence of success as a third objective, in addition to cost and effectiveness, in a multi-objective genetic algorithm are executed. It is demonstrated that designs lying along constraint boundaries, which are typically identified as optimum designs in deterministic design optimizations, likely have a very low chance of being successful.
Diverging Destinies in Rural America

This chapter extends McClanahan and Jacobsen’s (Chap. 1) arguments to rural America with an emphasis on better understanding the converging downward destinies of women without a high-school education and those with a high school education in contrast to the increased gains in wealth and life circumstances of college-educated women. We examine how the 24-h economy has transformed the lives of less-educated women with more and more of them working nonstandard hours in rural America in comparison with college-educated women who work very few nonstandard hours. The impact on family life is explored using the Family Life Project , a representative sample of rural children followed since birth . Data suggest that parenting , including parental talk to children, is similar and much lower for women who have less than a college degree in comparison with the higher levels of parenting and talk to children for the college-educated mothers.
Telephone-based management of lactation mastitis.

Objective To evaluate the quality of care for mastitis managed by telephone without an office or emergency room visit. Study design A word search of electronic medical records allowed for identification of patients managed with a mastitis clinical practice guideline. Comparisons of outcomes were made to a group of patients who received care in the clinic, urgent care or emergency room. Results Rates of successful resolution with 1 encounter were 86% for telephone-based care and 82% for visit-based care (p = 0.550). Antibiotic selection was enhanced by use of the standing order. Conclusion Telephone-based management of mastitis may be safe, effective, and efficient.
Neurology of the Spine

The embryological appearance of a vertebral column marks the beginning of the final stages of neural development. The peripheral nerves develop from cells adjacent to the embryonic neural crest. They develop from ectodermal tissue and continue to proliferate and eventually lie in long strands along the dorsal aspect of the neural tube. In the developing embryo, nerve elements lie in a homogenous undifferentiated mass at first, but at the limb bud level sheets of nerve fibers infiltrate the primitive muscle mass lying about the skeletal core. As the limb grows, the muscle mass develops into individual muscles, drawing the nerve connections with it. The nerve roots around the upper extremities form the brachial plexus, while those around the lower extremities form the lumbosacral plexus.
Ser partidario de las víctimas

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 90, 2002: 823-835
Patterns of the Mainstream Sound Change in a Liminal Region: Low Back Merger in Washington DC:

This study investigates the low back vowel merger (lot-thought merger) of African American and European American speakers in Washington DC. The study aims to follow up with the previous investigati...
PI 3-Kinase Signaling: AKTing up inside the Cell.

In this issue of Molecular Cell, Liu et al. (2018) show that PI34P2 and PIP3, the lipid products of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), display distinct spatiotemporal kinetics in cells that result in differential activation of the effectors AKT1, AKT2, and AKT3.
Associations Between Past-Month Pain and Distress Intolerance Among Daily Cigarette Smokers.

Objective:A growing body of research indicates that pain is associated with the maintenance of tobacco smoking. Distress intolerance (DI) may play an important role in the link between pain and smo...
IKKβ activates p53 to promote cancer cell adaptation to glutamine deprivation.

One of the hallmarks of cancer is the ability to reprogram cellular metabolism to increase the uptake of necessary nutrients such as glucose and glutamine. Driven by oncogenes, cancer cells have increased glutamine uptake to support their highly proliferative nature. However, as cancer cells continue to replicate and grow, they lose access to vascular tissues and deplete local supply of nutrients and oxygen. We previously showed that many tumor cells situate in a low glutamine microenvironment in vivo, yet the mechanisms of how they are able to adapt to this metabolic stress are still not fully understood. Here, we report that IκB-kinase β (IKKβ) is needed to promote survival and its activation is accompanied by phosphorylation of the metabolic sensor, p53, in response to glutamine deprivation. Knockdown of IKKβ decreases the level of wild-type and mutant p53 phosphorylation and its transcriptional activity, indicating a novel relationship between IKKβ and p53 in mediating cancer cell survival in response to glutamine withdrawal. Phosphopeptide mass spectrometry analysis further reveals that IKKβ phosphorylates p53 on Ser392 to facilitate its activation upon glutamine deprivation, independent of the NF-κB pathway. The results of this study offer an insight into the metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells that is dependent on a previously unidentified IKKβ–p53 signaling axis in response to glutamine depletion. More importantly, this study highlights a new therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment and advances our understanding of adaptive mechanisms that could lead to resistance to current glutamine targeting therapies.
Stature- and age-related bias in self-reported stature.

The use of reported stature, especially self-reported stature such as on a driver's license, as a proxy for measured stature is necessary when measured stature is unavailable, for example, in matching data calculated from skeletal remains with data for missing persons. The accuracy of self-reported stature for older persons and especially for tall and short people is not well ascertained. Examination of published reports provides evidence that beginning at age 45, people compound their stature overestimation by an additional amount related to age (women by twice the amount of men). Analysis of anthropometric data from 8000 U.S. Army personnel indicates that the amount of general overestimation of stature by men is 2 1/2 times greater than that by women. Neither tall men nor tall women underestimate their stature, but men in the upper third of the stature range, and women in the upper 10%, self-report their stature with greater accuracy. No trends in accuracy are apparent in the remainder of the stature spectrum for men or women.
Morphological observations of fluorescence in different tick species (Family: Ixodidae)

Ticks are important ectoparasites due to their ability to transmit harmful pathogens and their study is thus significant for medical and veterinary practices around the world. Fluorescence has been found in numerous biological organisms, including ticks. However, the overall function, evolutionary significance, and distribution of fluorescence in ticks are unknown. This study examined tick fluorescence in purchased, unfed adult Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus), A. maculatum Koch, Dermacentor variabilis (Say), D. andersoni (Stiles), Ixodes scapularis Say, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus Latreille ticks. An Olympus SZX7 microscope and NightSea SFA system with ultraviolet (UV) and royal blue sets were used for observing tick morphology. Ticks were shown to have widespread fluorescence in all species observed. The results corroborated previous studies, but with the addition of more fluorescent structures. Tick fluorescence could potentially play roles in communication or predator avoidance. Studies on tick behavior in conjunction with fluorescence are now called for to elucidate potential roles.
Benefits of Age Management in Agribusiness

The labour market is differentiated by age and the individual's position in it is determined by age. Effective use of all workers' potential should therefore be a key human resource management strategy for all businesses regardless of the sector. One of the measures is taking into consideration the workers' age in agribusiness, i. e. applying age management. The aim of the paper is to evaluate the application of age management and to identify and evaluate its benefits for farming enterprises. The data was obtained by quantitative research at selected agribusinesses in the Czech Republic (n = 259). The research has shown that 25.1 % of the respondents applies age management and its application is influenced by the company size and the number of 50+ employees. Of this 41.5 % of agribusinesses spend 2-5 % of their costs on applying age management. The research has also identified two factors (stabilization and quality of processes) categorizing the benefits resulting from age management. It can therefore be summarised that age management is an opportunity how to effectively utilize human potential of all ages and to maintain and improve company's performance with respect to future demographic trends.
Luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and behavioral response of male-oriented rams to estrous ewes and rams.

During the breeding season three experiments were conducted to evaluate the LH and testosterone (T) response of rams with male sexual orientation (e.g., male-oriented homosexual rams) to female sheep, to male sheep, and to treatment with LHRH. Male-oriented rams were identified through a series of sexual performance and sexual preference tests. Treatments included exposure to estrous females and to males for 15 min (Exp. 1) and exposure to estrous females and to males for 8 h (Exp. 2). Behavioral responses to stimulus animals were recorded. In Exp. 2 homosexual rams mounted males more than females (P less than .02) and exhibited more flehmen (P less than .002) and investigatory sniffs (P less than .01) when exposed to males vs females. Acts of aggression (butting the stimulus animals) did not differ by gender (P greater than .1). Flehmen and butting were positively correlated to LH secretion (P less than .02) of rams exposed to females but not to males. In Exp. 1, LH concentration determined every 15 min for 6 h was not affected (P greater than .05) by the gender of the stimulus animal. In Exp. 2, LH pulse frequency and concentration were similar (P greater than .05) by treatment. Lack of an LH response to sexual activity in homosexual rams was not a result of pituitary or gonadal insensitivity; within 1 h of a single injection of LHRH both LH and T increased (Exp. 3).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Design Space Exploration of Hemi-Toroidal Fused Quartz Shell Resonators

This paper discusses the selection of parameters for the geometry of micro glass-blown hemi-toroidal Fused Quartz (FQ) resonators. Comprehensive Finite Element (FE) simulations were performed to explore the design space of the shell resonators, focusing on frequency scaling of the operational resonance mode and the spurious resonance modes (tilt, rocking, out-of-plane, and torsional), as a function of shell geometry. It was demonstrated that a separation between resonance frequencies and mode-ordering can be achieved through optimization of the shell geometry at the different range of frequencies.
Are Retail Clinics an Effective Primary Disruption? Review of Their Cost, Quality, and Satisfaction

Retail clinics, also referred to as walk-in or convenient care clinics, share common features such as a limited menu of primary care services, on-demand patient appointments, greater use of non-phy...
Bird Watch: A Fully Immersive VR Birdwatching Simulator

Birdwatching is one of the largest and most profitable outdoor wildlife activities in the world, including much of Northern America. Despite this, birdwatching enthusiasts face many difficulties in recruiting new watchers due to a multitude of limitations. The most common of these include; the unpredictability of finding live specimens in natural environments, lack of access to habitats for many individuals, and heavy reliance on teaching with illustrations and sound files which can make bird study stale or difficult for certain learners, especially members of younger generations. Our program seeks to help alleviate these issues by providing a more reliable, accessible, and entertaining means of bird education through the use of a bird identification video game. Bird Watch is a virtual reality birdwatching simulator which places participants inside a virtual forest populated by ten common North American birds. Through relaxed, repetitive action, participants improve their real world bird identification skills while hopefully gaining greater appreciation for the pastime. Which could lead to increased participation in both birdwatching and wildlife preservation.
STAT Signaling Modifies Ascl1 Chromatin Binding and Limits Neural Regeneration from Muller Glia in Adult Mouse Retina.

Summary Muller glia (MG) serve as sources for retinal regeneration in non-mammalian vertebrates. We find that this process can be induced in mouse MG, after injury, by transgenic expression of the proneural transcription factor Ascl1 and the HDAC inhibitor TSA. However, new neurons are generated only from a subset of MG. Identifying factors that limit Ascl1-mediated MG reprogramming could make this process more efficient. In this study, we test whether injury-induced STAT activation hampers the ability of Ascl1 to reprogram MG into retinal neurons. Single-cell RNA-seq shows that progenitor-like cells derived from Ascl1-expressing MG have a higher level of STAT signaling than do those cells that become neurons. Ascl1-ChIPseq and ATAC-seq show that STAT potentially directs Ascl1 to developmentally inappropriate targets. Using a STAT inhibitor, in combination with our previously described reprogramming paradigm, we found a large increase in the ability of MG to generate neurons.
4.02 – Imidazoles

Imidazoles, benzimidazoles, imidazolines, imidazolidines, and related carbenes are classes of heterocyclic compounds possessing unique chemical and physical properties. Tremendous advances in imidazole chemistry have been made in the decade since 1995, and are manifested in the large body of the literature related to imidazole and its analogs. This chapter reviews important developments in imidazole chemistry from 1996 to 2006. Major portions of the chapter are devoted to the reactivity and synthesis of imidazole and its analogs. Special attention has been given to the transformations involving transition metal catalysts and N-heterocyclic carbenes. Theoretical, experimental, structural and thermodynamic studies, and the applications of imidazole and its analogs are also covered.
Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19: A Review for Surgeons

: There is a long history of personal protective equipment (PPE) used by the surgeon to minimize the transmission of various pathogens. In the context of the present coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic there is significant controversy as to what forms of PPE are appropriate or adequate. This review aims to describe the pathogenic mechanism and route of spread of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, as it pertains to accumulated published data from experienced centers globally. The various forms of PPE that are both available and appropriate are addressed. There are options in the form of eyewear, gloves, masks, respirators, and gowns. The logical and practical utilization of these should be data driven and evolve based on both experience and data. Last, situations specific to surgical populations are addressed. We aim to provide granular collective data that has thus far been published and that can be used as a reference for optimal PPE choices in the perioperative setting for surgical teams.
Process effects on carinata Brassica carinata and camelina Camelina sativa seed meal compositions and diet palatability in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss

Abstract Inclusion levels of raw carinata Brassica carinata and camelina Camelina sativa seed meals in animal diets, especially monogastrics, is limited by antinutrients, mainly glucosinolates (GLS), sinapine and crude fiber. The effect of processing on these seed meals composition was assessed by first subjecting cold-pressed (CP) carinata and camelina seed meals to extrusion (EX), solvent extraction (SE) and aerobic conversion (AC), or sequential process combinations to determine which process(es) yielded improved chemical composition. The palatability of the processed meals was then conducted to determine the effects of processing on meal acceptability in fish. Carinata meals generally yielded more crude protein than camelina meals for a given process treatment. Similarly, the fiber contents of carinata meals were generally lower than observed for camelina meals. Largest protein increase was due to oil removal and AC, but not EX. Generally, AC increased the essential amino acids (EAA) of all meals. Although AC increased the crude fiber of all meals, it reduced the GLS of all meals by at least 70 %, with more reduction observed in camelina meals. Palatability of carinata and camelina meals was improved by SE. Extrusion improved the palatability of camelina and AC improved the palatability of carinata. Generally, AC meals were higher in protein and EAA, lower in soluble carbohydrate and GLS than unconverted meals and would be suitable for use in fish diets. Extrusion did not improve the composition or palatability of CPEXSEAC beyond CPSEAC. Generally, CPSEAC carinata would be preferred by feed manufacturers over CPSEAC camelina because of a better EAA profile, higher protein content and lower crude fiber. Reduction of crude fiber in CPSEAC carinata would likely improve the utilization of nutrients, increasing meal utilization in fish and /or monogastrics in general. Digestibility studies should be conducted to improve an understanding of the utilization of the different processed carinata and camelina meals in fish and/ or monogastrics, in addition to processing economics.
Environment-wide association study on childhood obesity in the U.S.

Abstract Background Childhood obesity is a national public health issue with increasing prevalence. It has been linked to diet, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, with more recent evidence that it could also result from environmental factors. Studies linking it to environmental factors are limited, unsystematic, incomprehensive, and inconclusive. Objective To conduct an environment-wide association study (EWAS) to comprehensively investigate all the environmental factors available in a nationally representative sample of children to determine factors associated with childhood obesity. Methods We utilized the 1999–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets and included all children/adolescents (6–17 years). Obesity was measured using body mass index and waist to height ratio. A multinomial and binary logistic regression were used adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, calorie intake, physical activity, screen time, limitation to physical activities, and socioeconomic status. We then controlled for multiple hypothesis testing and validated our findings on a different cohort of children. Results We found that metals such as beryllium (OR: 3.305 CI: 1.460–7.479) and platinum (OR: 1.346 CI: 1.107–1.636); vitamins such as gamma-tocopherol (OR: 8.297 CI: 5.683–12.114) and delta-tocopherol (OR: 1.841 CI:1.476–2.297); heterocyclic aromatic amines such as 2-Amino-9H-pyrido (2,3-b) indole (OR: 1.323 CI: 1.083–1.617) and 2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyriodo(2,3-b)indole (OR: 2.799 CI: 1.442–5.433); polycyclic aromatic amines such as 9- fluorene (OR: 1.509 CI: 1.230–1.851) and 4-phenanthrene (OR: 2.828 CI: 1.632–4.899); and caffeine metabolites such as 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid (OR: 1.22 CI: 1.029–1.414) and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (OR: 1.258 CI: 1.075–1.473) were positively and significantly associated with childhood obesity. Conclusion Following the unique concept of EWAS, certain environmental factors were associated with childhood obesity. Further studies are required to confirm these associations while investigating their mechanisms of action.
Studying edge losses in silicon heterojunction solar cells

In this manuscript we study the impact of edge losses in silicon heterojunction solar cells. The edge of the cells may play a larger role due to the large diffusion length of the carriers and the presence of a high conductive layer in this type of architecture. We fabricate silicon heterojunction solar cells with different areas and masking schemes to evaluate the impact of the edge on the open-circuit voltage. We measured lower open-circuit voltages on cells which have larger ratio of cell perimeter-to-area but have similar lifetimes and similar implied characteristics. The solar cell with 6 cm2 shows open-circuit voltage 7 mV lower than the cell with 150.3 cm2. Electroluminescence and photoluminescence imaging are used to evaluate the diffusion of carriers at the edges of the cells. We show the out diffusion of carriers at the edges of the cell which demonstrates the cell is affected by the surroundings.
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons concentrations and hepatitis B antibody serology in the United States (NHANES, 2003–2014)

Abstract Background Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are environmental contaminants that are hepatotoxic and immunotoxic. PAH exposure may modulate hepatitis B immunology. Objective We used data from 6 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003–2014) to evaluate the associations between urinary PAH metabolites and hepatitis B serology. Methods This analysis included individuals who self-reported receiving ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine and urinary PAH metabolites (i.e. 1-napthol, 2-napthol, 3-fluorene, 2-fluorene, 1-phenanthrene, 1-pyrene, and total PAH [sum of all metabolites]). Separate logistic regression models assessed the association between hepatitis B vaccination status (i.e. individuals who were immune due to vaccination or susceptible) and tertiles of urinary PAH. Models were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, survey cycle, family income to poverty ratio, BMI, country of birth, serum cotinine, and urinary creatinine. Results Among participants who reported receiving ≥3 doses of vaccine and had no antibodies indicating a history of hepatitis B infection and/or current hepatitis B infection, dose-response relationships were observed where individuals with the lowest odds of serology indicating a response to the hepatitis B vaccine (i.e., anti-HBs+, anti-HBc-, and HBsAg−) were in the highest tertile of 2-Napthol (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR]: 0.70, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.54, 0.91), 3-Napthol (aOR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.53, 0.87), 2-Fluorene (aOR: 0.61, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.86), 1-Phenanthrene (aOR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65, 0.97), 1-Pyrene (aOR): 0.68, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.83), and total PAH (aOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.95) had the compared to the lowest tertile. Conclusion This cross-sectional study supports a hypothesis that PAH exposures experienced by the general US population may modulate hepatitis B vaccine induced immunity. Given the ubiquity of PAH exposures in the US, additional research is warranted to explore the effects of chronic PAH exposures on hepatitis B related humoral immunity.
N-Glycanase 1 Regulates Aquaporins Independent of Its Enzymatic Activity

Patients with pathogenic mutations in NGLY1 cannot make tears (alacrima), have global developmental delay and liver dysfunction. Traditionally, N-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) cleaves intact N-glycans from misfolded, retrotranslocated glycoproteins prior to their proteasomal degradation. We found that Ngly1-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), NGLY1 knockout human cells, and patient fibroblasts are resistant to hypotonic lysis. Ngly1-deficient MEFs swell slower and have reduced aquaporin 1 (Aqp1) mRNA and protein expression. Ngly1 knockdown and overexpression confirmed that Ngly1 regulates Aqp1 and hypotonic cell lysis. Patient fibroblasts and NGLY1 KO cells show reduced AQP11 mRNA, supporting NGLY1 regulates expression of multiple AQPs across species. Complementing Ngly1-deficient cells with catalytically inactive NGLY1 (p.Cys309Ala) restored normal hypotonic lysis and Aqp1 protein. We show that transcription factor Creb1 regulates Aqp1 and that the Atf1/Creb1 signaling pathway is disrupted in Ngly1-deficient MEFs. These results identify a novel, non-enzymatic, regulatory function of NGLY1 in AQP transcription possibly related to alacrima.
Aggregated Customer Engagement Model

E-commerce websites use machine learned ranking models to serve shopping results to customers. Typically, the websites log the customer search events, which include the query entered and the resulting engagement with the shopping results, such as clicks and purchases. Each customer search event serves as input training data for the models, and the individual customer engagement serves as a signal for customer preference. So a purchased shopping result, for example, is perceived to be more important than one that is not. However, new or under-impressed products do not have enough customer engagement signals and end up at a disadvantage when being ranked alongside popular products. In this paper, we propose a novel method for data curation that aggregates all customer engagements within a day for the same query to use as input training data. This aggregated customer engagement gives the models a complete picture of the relative importance of shopping results. Training models on this aggregated data leads to less reliance on behavioral features. This helps mitigate the cold start problem and boosted relevant new products to top search results. In this paper, we present the offline and online analysis and results comparing the individual and aggregated customer engagement models trained on e-commerce data.
Steroid induction of therapy-resistant cytokeratin-5-positive cells in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer through a BCL6-dependent mechanism

Therapy resistance remains a major problem in estrogen receptor-α (ERα)-positive breast cancer. A subgroup of ERα-positive breast cancer is characterized by mosaic presence of a minor population of ERα-negative cancer cells expressing the basal cytokeratin-5 (CK5). These CK5-positive cells are therapy resistant and have increased tumor-initiating potential. Although a series of reports document induction of the CK5-positive cells by progestins, it is unknown if other 3-ketosteroids share this ability. We now report that glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids effectively expand the CK5-positive cell population. CK5-positive cells induced by 3-ketosteroids lacked ERα and progesterone receptors, expressed stem cell marker, CD44, and displayed increased clonogenicity in soft agar and broad drug-resistance in vitro and in vivo. Upregulation of CK5-positive cells by 3-ketosteroids required induction of the transcriptional repressor BCL6 based on suppression of BCL6 by two independent BCL6 small hairpin RNAs or by prolactin. Prolactin also suppressed 3-ketosteroid induction of CK5+ cells in T47D xenografts in vivo. Survival analysis with recursive partitioning in node-negative ERα-positive breast cancer using quantitative CK5 and BCL6 mRNA or protein expression data identified patients at high or low risk for tumor recurrence in two independent patient cohorts. The data provide a mechanism by which common pathophysiological or pharmacologic elevations in glucocorticoids or other 3-ketosteroids may adversely affect patients with mixed ERα+/CK5+ breast cancer. The observations further suggest a cooperative diagnostic utility of CK5 and BCL6 expression levels and justify exploring efficacy of inhibitors of BCL6 and 3-ketosteroid receptors for a subset of ERα-positive breast cancers.
A Peek Into Their Kitchens: Postwar Jewish Community Cookbooks in the United States

Jewish community cookbooks in the postwar era offer a peek into the kitchens—or at least the imagined kitchens—of American Jews during a major turning point in history. They capture a range of conflicting social trends and negotiations of religious and cultural identity that in part characterized the period. Such diversity of practices and beliefs, even within one institution, community or synagogue, is particularly evident within the prolific, sometimes didactic, and often laissez-faire charitable cookbook genre of the postwar period. Given the unprecedented number of Jewish community cookbooks produced in the postwar era, they also offer historians unique access to women's lives and the choices they made in representing themselves and their communities in print. Yet what appears within the cookbook—the recipes, illustrations, and introductions— reveals nearly as much as what remains unsaid.
The role of peptides in affective disorders: a review.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the role of peptides in affective disorders. The chapter focuses on the role of peptides to fulfil endocrine roles, thus, the chapter describes psychoendocrinology—that is, the relationships between mental function and endocrine function, but only to a special area of psychoendocrinology. Like psychoendocrinology, the affective disorders are subject to division into depression (and its subtypes) and mania. The use of peptide hormones has contributed to the advancement of psychoendocrinology in several ways. Having been isolated, identified, and synthesized, many are now available for administration. These and other peptide hormones, which are not yet available for administration, can be assayed in tissues with satisfactory specificity and sensitivity. The finding regarding alterations in the concentration of a peptide in the body fluid of patients with affective disorders demonstrates that in depressed patients SRIF levels are diminished in CSF; in manic patients they are normal
Quinagolide in the management of prolactinoma.

Objective: This study reports a six year experience with quinagolide (CV205-502) in the treatment of 40 patients with hyperprolactinemia or prolactinoma. Patients and Measurements: Forty patients with hyperprolactinemia were treated with quinagolide (CV 205-502, NorprolacTM) for 2–72 months (mean 31.6 months). The patient's ages ranged from 12 to 53 years and 90% were female. Seventeen had no radiologic evidence of tumor; 11 had microadenomas; and 12 had macroadenomas. Results: All patients had a reduction of the serum prolactin following quinagolide therapy with normalization in 82% with no tumor, 73% with microadenomas, and 67% with macroadenomas. Fifty-five percent of microadenoma and 75% of macroadenoma patients had a decrease in tumor size when assessed by a blinded reviewer. Ten of 38 female patients became pregnant while taking quinagolide. The dosage of quinagolide ranged from 75 to 400 μg/day with a median dose of 100μg/day. A comparison of side effects in a subgroup of 35 patients who had taken bromocriptine prior to quinagolide administration showed a greater than 75% reduction in nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and drowsiness during quinagolide administration. Conclusions: We conclude that quinagolide is a safe and effective long-term alternative to bromocriptine therapy, particularly in those individuals with bromocriptine intolerance.
Freeze-Etching of Azotobacter vinelandii: Examination of Wall, Exine, and Vesicles

The structure of the cell wall, the arrangement of the cyst exine, and the origin and distribution of intine vesicles in Azotobacter vinelandii ATCC 12837 were examined by freeze-etching and conventional electron microscopic techniques. In the vegetative organism the cell wall appears to have a woven texture which disappears during cyst formation. The exine is composed of two different types of material: the outer layer is a fibrous, amorphous layer, and the numerous inner layers form the basic hexagonal structures which unite to form the cyst coat. The presence of intine vesicles in the encysting organism was confirmed in frozen-etched cells. The appearance of frozen-etched cells and cysts and the distribution of capsular material indicate that extracellular polysaccharide is an important factor in cyst formation.
Coordinate expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase and cytochrome c6 in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in response to changes in copper availability.

To maintain photosynthetic competence under copper-deficient conditions, the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii substitutes a heme protein (cytochrome c6) for an otherwise essential copper protein, viz. plastocyanin. Here, we report that the gene encoding coproporphyrinogen oxidase, an enzyme in the heme biosynthetic pathway, is coordinately expressed with cytochrome c6 in response to changes in copper availability. We have purified coproporphyrinogen oxidase from copper-deficient C.reinhardtii cells, and have cloned a cDNA fragment which encodes it. Northern hybridization analysis confirmed that the protein is nuclear-encoded and that, like cytochrome c6, its expression is regulated by copper at the level of mRNA accumulation. The copper-responsive expression of coproporphyrinogen oxidase parallels cytochrome c6 expression exactly. Specifically, the copper-sensing range and metal selectivity of the regulatory components, as well as the time course of the responses, are identical. Hence, we propose that the expression of these two proteins is controlled by the same metalloregulatory mechanism. Our findings represent a novel metalloregulatory response in which the synthesis of one redox cofactor (heme) is controlled by the availability of another (Cu).
How Large Should the Sample Be? Part II—The One-Sample Case for Survey Research:

In a previous article, the authors discuss the importance of the effect size and the Type II error as factors in determining the sample size (Hinkle and Oliver, 1983). Tables were developed and pre...