cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ClC-2 is required for rapid restoration of epithelial tight junctions in ischemic-injured murine jejunum.

Abstract Background and aims Involvement of the epithelial chloride channel ClC-2 has been implicated in barrier recovery following ischemic injury, possibly via a mechanism involving ClC-2 localization to the tight junction. The present study investigated mechanisms of intestinal barrier repair following ischemic injury in ClC-2 −/− mice. Methods Wild type, ClC-2 heterozygous and ClC-2 −/− murine jejunal mucosa was subjected to complete ischemia, after which recovery of barrier function was monitored by measuring in vivo blood-to-lumen clearance of 3 H-mannitol. Tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy. The role of ClC-2 in re-assembly of the tight junction during barrier recovery was studied by immunoblotting, immunolocalization and immunoprecipitation. Results Following ischemic injury, ClC-2 −/− mice had impaired barrier recovery compared to wild type mice, defined by increases in epithelial paracellular permeability independent of epithelial restitution. The recovering ClC-2 −/− mucosa also had evidence of ultrastructural paracellular defects. The tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-1 shifted significantly to the detergent soluble membrane fraction during post-ischemic recovery in ClC-2 −/− mice whereas wild type mice had a greater proportion of junctional proteins in the detergent insoluble fraction. Occludin was co-immunoprecipitated with ClC-2 in uninjured wild type mucosa, and the association between occludin and ClC-2 was re-established during ischemic recovery. Based on immunofluorescence studies, re-localization of occludin from diffuse sub-apical areas to apical tight junctions was impaired in ClC-2 −/− mice. Conclusions These data demonstrate a pivotal role of ClC-2 in recovery of the intestinal epithelium barrier by anchoring assembly of tight junctions following ischemic injury.
The Process of Democratization and Political Communication in the Roman Catholic Church

When we ask modern questions about democracy and democratization, we have to clarify the meaning of these words. It has been 21 years since the Velvet Revolution and we still think that it had to do with democracy and the democratization of our Czechoslovak society in that time, as if the common use of the word "democratization" makes possible the expression or the vindicate one´s own opinion. There is a question whether the majority of our society was thinking this way. In this context it would be very interesting to see the practical purposes of our Church society during the revolution, as hierarchic or as non-hierarchic. Also there are still the voices of some people that echo the unpreparedness of the Church for this modern world, especially when communicating with the faithful and the society.
Prediction of unsymmetric convention liquid-phase activity coefficients of hydrogen and methane

A corresponding states method has been developed to predict the binary parameter in the unsymmetric-convention one-term Margules relation for binary activity coefficients of H2 and CH4 in solvents. In addition to the solvent density, only characteristic volumes used previously for partial molar volumes at infinite dilution and pure solvent compressibility are required. Comparisons with experiment for nonpolar solvents indicate that use of the method is usually significantly more accurate than assuming ideal solution (Henry's law).
SRNT Trainee Network Spotlight

Dr. Mead completed her Ph.D. in Public Health at the Bloomberg School of Public Health at Johns Hopkins University in 2014. She is currently a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Maryland Tobacco Center of Regulatory Science. Dr. Mead’s recent accomplishments in tobacco science include publishing a study on the role of novel, theory-driven graphic warning labels in motivation to quit among low-income, urban smokers and receiving a distinguished Doctoral Research Award from the Bloomberg School of Public Health.
G-protein Coupled Receptor 30 Interacts with Receptor Activity Modifying Protein 3 and Confers Sex-Dependent Cardioprotection

Receptor activity-modifying protein 3 (RAMP3) is a single-pass transmembrane protein known to interact with and affect the trafficking of several G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). We sought to determine whether RAMP3 interacts with GPR30, also known as G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1. GPR30 is a GPCR that binds estradiol and has important roles in cardiovascular and endocrine physiology. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer titration studies, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal microscopy, we show that GPR30 and RAMP3 interact. Furthermore, the presence of GPR30 leads to increased expression of RAMP3 at the plasma membrane in HEK293 cells. In vivo, there are marked sex differences in the subcellular localization of GPR30 in cardiac cells, and the hearts of Ramp3 K/K mice also show signs of GPR30 mislocalization. To determine whether this interaction might play a role in cardiovascular disease, we treated Ramp3 C/C and Ramp3 K/K mice on a heart disease-prone genetic background with G-1, a specific agonist for GPR30. Importantly, thisinvivo activation of GPR30 resulted in a significant reduction in cardiac hypertrophy and perivascular fibrosis that is both RAMP3 and sex dependent. Our results demonstrate that GPR30‐RAMP3 interaction has functional consequences on the localization of these proteins bothinvitro andinvivo and that RAMP3 is required for GPR30-mediated cardioprotection.
Combined Radiation and Burn Injury Results in Exaggerated Early Pulmonary Inflammation

Events such as a nuclear meltdown accident or nuclear attack have potential for severe radiation injuries. Radiation injury frequently occurs in combination with other forms of trauma, most often burns. Thus far, combined injury studies have focused mainly on skin wound healing and damage to the gut. Since both radiation exposure and remote burn have pulmonary consequences, we examined the early effects of combined injury on the lung. C57BL/6 male mice were irradiated with 5 Gy of total body irradiation followed by a 15% total body surface area scald burn. Lungs from surviving animals were examined for evidence of inflammation and pneumonitis. At 48 h post-injury, pathology of the lungs from combined injury mice showed greater inflammation compared to all other treatment groups, with marked red blood cell and leukocyte congestion of the pulmonary vasculature. There was excessive leukocyte accumulation, primarily neutrophils, in the vasculature and interstitium, with occasional cells in the alveolar space. At 24 and 48 h post-injury, myeloperoxidase levels in lungs of combined injury mice were elevated compared to all other treatment groups (P < 0.01), confirming histological evidence of neutrophil accumulation. Pulmonary levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant KC (CXCL1) were 3 times above that of either injury alone (P < 0.05). Further, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1, CCL2) was increased two- and threefold compared to burn injury or radiation injury, respectively (P < 0.05). Together, these data suggest that combined radiation and burn injury augments early pulmonary congestion and inflammation. Currently, countermeasures for this unique type of injury are extremely limited. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms behind the synergistic effects of combined injury in order to develop appropriate treatments.
Randomized trial comparing daily interruption of sedation and nursing-implemented sedation algorithm in medical intensive care unit patients.

Introduction Daily interruption of sedation (DIS) and sedation algorithms (SAs) have been shown to decrease mechanical ventilation (MV) duration. We conducted a randomized study comparing these strategies. Methods Mechanically ventilated adults 18 years old or older in the medical intensive care unit (ICU) were randomly assigned to DIS or SA. Exclusion criteria were severe neurocognitive dysfunction, administration of neuromuscular blockers, and tracheostomy. Study endpoints were total MV duration and 28day ventilator-free survival. Results The study was terminated prematurely after 74 patients were enrolled (DIS 36 and SA 38). The two groups had similar age, gender, racial distribution, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and reason for MV. The Data Safety Monitoring Board convened after DIS patients were found to have higher hospital mortality; however, no causal connection between DIS and increased mortality was identified. Interim analysis demonstrated a significant difference in primary endpoint, and study termination was recommended. The DIS group had longer total duration of MV (median 6.7 versus 3.9 days; P = 0.0003), slower improvement of Sequential Organ Failure Assessment over time (0.70 versus 0.23 units per day; P = 0.025), longer ICU length of stay (15 versus 8 days; P < 0.0001), and longer hospital length of stay (23 versus 12 days; P = 0.01).
Presentation Format Effects in a Levels-of-Processing Task

Three experiments were conducted to examine better performance in long-term memory when stimulus items are pictures or spoken words compared to printed words. Hypotheses regarding the allocation of attention to printed words, the semantic link between pictures and processing, and a rich long-term representation for pictures were tested. Using levels-of-processing tasks eliminated format effects when no memory test was expected and processing was deep (E1), and when study and test formats did not match (E3). Pictures produced superior performance when a memory test was expected (E1 & 2) and when study and test formats were the same (E3). Results of all experiments support the attenuation of attention model and that picture superiority is due to a more direct access to semantic processing and a richer visual code. General principles to guide the processing of stimulus information are discussed.
Variations in risk assessment models may contribute to the existing gap between venous thromboembolism prophylaxis guidelines and adherence

Risk assessment models (RAMs) may allow the clinician to determine need for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis. Individual healthcare facilities often develop their own RAMs. The purpose of this study was to determine: 1.) inter-RAM variability in DVT risk factors and contraindications; 2.) inter-rater variability and inter-RAM variability when applying a RAM to a standard case; and 3.) inter-rater and inter-RAM variability in outcome as far as type of prophylaxis. A convenience sample of RAMs was obtained from various institutions and ten reviewers were recruited to apply the RAMs to three patient cases. The review resulted in 390 separate assessments. Patient 1 did not receive any chemoprophylaxis in 67% of the evaluations, patient 2 in 27% of the evaluations and patient 3 in 2.3% of the evaluations. There was statistically significant variation in the provision of chemoprophylaxis per RAM for patient 1 (p=0.001) and no significant variation for patients 2 and 3. When analyzing the rate of chemoprophylaxis per reviewer, there was statistically significant variation for patients 1 and 2 (p=0.026 and <0.0001 respectively) but not for patient 3 (p=0.123). There may be significant inter-RAM and inter-reviewer variability when utilizing RAMs for assessing DVT risk.
Inhabiting virus-capsid assembly by altering polymerisation pathways

Virus capsids assemble through the repeated interaction of well-defined protein subunits in a highly specific process. Basic research into the mechanism of protein polymerisation and virus assembly suggest that inhibition of the protein-protein interactions necessary for assembly is a valid therapeutic strategy. Computer models of virus-capsid assembly have located vulnerable stages in assembly, and small-molecule inhibitors of virus assembly have been identified. The challenge will be identifying agents that block assembly with the required specificity.
MODELS OF THE SHOEMAKER-LEVY 9 IMPACTS. II. RADIATIVE-HYDRODYNAMIC MODELING OF THE PLUME SPLASHBACK

We model the plume ii splashback ˇˇ phase of the Shoemaker-Levy 9 (SL9) collisions with Jupiter. We modi—ed the ZEUS-3D hydrodynamic code to include radiative transport in the gray approximation and present validation tests. After initializing with a model Jovian atmosphere, we couple mass and momentum —uxes of SL9 plume material, as calculated by the ballistic Monte Carlo plume model of Paper I of this series. A strong and complex shock structure results. The shock temperatures produced by the model agree well with observations, and the structure and evolution of the modeled shocks account for the appearance of high-excitation molecular line emission after the peak of the continuum light curve. The splashback region cools by radial expansion as well as by radiation. The morphology of our synthetic continuum light curves agrees with observations over a broad wavelength range (0.9¨12 km). Much of the complex structure of these light curves is a natural consequence of the temperature dependence of the Planck function and the plume velocity distribution. A feature of our ballistic plume is a shell of mass at the highest velocities, which we term the ii vanguard.ˇˇ Portions of the vanguard ejected on shallow trajectories produce a lateral shock front, whose initial expansion accounts for the ii third precursors ˇˇ seen in the 2 km light curves of the larger impacts and for hot methane emission at early times observed by Dinelli and coworkers. Continued propagation of this lateral shock approximately reproduces the radii, propagation speed, and centroid positions of the large rings observed at 3¨4 k mb y McGregor and coworkers. The portion of the vanguard ejected closer to the vertical falls back with high z-component velocities just after maximum light, producing CO emission and the ii —are ˇˇ seen at 0.9 km. The model also produces secondary maxima (ii bounces ˇˇ), whose amplitudes and periods are in agreement with observations.
The Interaction of Trunk-Load and Trunk-Position Adaptations on Knee Anterior Shear and Hamstrings Muscle Forces During Landing

Abstract Context: Because anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries can occur during deceleration maneuvers, biomechanics research has been focused on the lower extremity kinetic chain. Trunk mass ...
Diary: Written by Professor Dr Gottlob Frege in the time from 10 March to 9 April 1924

(1996). Diary: Written by professor Dr Gottlob Frege in the time from 10 March to 9 April 1924. Inquiry: Vol. 39, No. 3-4, pp. 303-342.
Location tracking of test vehicles using accelerometers

This paper proposes a cost effective solution to localized mobile positioning with high accuracy requirements when high grade GPS is cost excessive or unavailable. Specifically this solution is targeted for accurate position determination of test vehicles on a known stretch of bridge.
Energy-Angle Distribution of Thin Target Bremsstrahlung

The differential bremsstrahlung cross section of Bethe and Heitler is integrated over scattered electron angles to obtain an expression for the distribution in energy and angle of the radiation from fast electrons in very thing targets. Screening is taken into account through the assumption of an atomic potential $(\frac{\mathrm{Ze}}{r})\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}\frac{r}{a})$, and the calculation is restricted to high energies and to small to moderate angles. The result is the same as that of Sommerfeld for no screening, except that the argument of the logarithm now depends on angle as well as on energy. Integration of this expression over gamma-ray angle gives an analytic formula for the total intensity that is nowhere more than a few percent higher than the Bethe-Heither result calculated numerically on the basis of the Thomas-Fermi potential.
Crystal structures of (N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino)(N-methyl-N-phenyl-carbamoyl)sulfide and the corresponding disulfane.

The title compounds, (N-methyl-N-phenyl­amino)(N-methyl-N-phenyl­car­bam­oyl)sulfide, C15H16N2OS, (I), and (N-methyl-N-phenyl­amino)­(N-methyl-N-phenyl­carbamo­yl)disulfane, C15H16N2OS2, (II), are stable derivatives of (chloro­carbon­yl)sulfenyl chloride and (chloro­carbon­yl)disulfanyl chloride, respectively. The torsion angle about the S—S bond in (II) is −92.62 (6)°, which is close to the theoretical value of 90°. In the crystal of (II), non-classical inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds form centrosymmetric cyclic dimers [graph set R22(10)], while inter-dimer C—H⋯S inter­actions generate chains extending along the b axis.
Monetary policy uncertainty and investor expectations

How does monetary policy uncertainty affect the behavior of market participants? In a New-Keynesian DSGE model with Epstein–Zin preferences, an increase in interest rate uncertainty is found to increase precautionary savings for households, and depress output, inflation and the short- and long-term asset yields. These effects are similar to a negative demand shock. The monetary policy uncertainty shock is calibrated using ex-ante uncertainty of investors about the future changes in Treasury yields, extracted from Options and Futures data. Incorporating the monetary policy uncertainty shock is also found to lower the term premium generated by the model, relative to the case without stochastic volatility in the interest rate rule.
Design of A Low-Cost Wireless Indoor Air Quality Sensor Network System

An indoor air quality monitoring system helps in the detection and improvement of indoor air quality. The monitoring systems presently available are very expensive. In this paper, we present a low-cost indoor air quality monitoring wireless sensor network system developed using Arduino, XBee modules, and micro gas sensors. The system is capable of collecting six air quality parameters from different locations simultaneously. We have also developed a linear least square estimation-based method for sensor calibration and measurement data conversion. In this paper, we present the detailed design of wireless air quality sensor node and the calibration method. The performance and usefulness of the system are demonstrated by comparing measurement results of our system with a professional-grade air quality measurement device.
GALLBLADDER DISEASE IN A COMMUNITY HOSPITAL.

The results of treatment of gallbladder disease in a large private hospital, the Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, are reviewed. The figures compare favorably with the national averages. The mortality rate for elective cholecystectomy was 0.28 per cent. Acute cholecystitis or choledocholithiasis significantly increases the operative risk; early operative intervention is recommended in order to prevent these complications.
Developing a Moral Decision Framework for Business Students

This study examines the ways schools are teaching and assessing business ethics. Through an examination of the literature it attempts to reference perspectives, decision models, specific interventions, influences and measures of moral intensity. It looks at the socialization process assimilating business values in managers. As an action research study, it examines attitudes of business students at a regional public university and their ability to identify common business ethical situations. The study describes factors that influence ethical awareness in various situations. Finally, the study recommends steps to help students increase their awareness of moral issues, develop decision processes and arrive at a moral code for themselves and their companies.
The Hermit's Hut: Architecture and Asceticism in India, by Kazi K. Ashraf

The Buddhist scholar Nagarjuna famously explained a theory of śunyātā or ‘emptiness’ based on a tetralemma, maintaining that it neither is, nor is not, everything and nothing all at once. Buddhism ...
molSimplify: A toolkit for automating discovery in inorganic chemistry

We present an automated, open source toolkit for the first-principles screening and discovery of new inorganic molecules and intermolecular complexes. Challenges remain in the automatic generation of candidate inorganic molecule structures due to the high variability in coordination and bonding, which we overcome through a divide-and-conquer tactic that flexibly combines force-field preoptimization of organic fragments with alignment to first-principles-trained metal-ligand distances. Exploration of chemical space is enabled through random generation of ligands and intermolecular complexes from large chemical databases. We validate the generated structures with the root mean squared (RMS) gradients evaluated from density functional theory (DFT), which are around 0.02 Ha/au across a large 150 molecule test set. Comparison of molSimplify results to full optimization with the universal force field reveals that RMS DFT gradients are improved by 40%. Seamless generation of input files, preparation and execution of electronic structure calculations, and post-processing for each generated structure aids interpretation of underlying chemical and energetic trends. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of a video-based aging services technology education program for health care professionals

Health care professionals (HCPs) are a critical source of recommendations for older adults. Aging services technologies (ASTs), which include devices to support the health-care needs of older adults, are underutilized despite evidence for improving functional outcomes and safety and reducing caregiver burden and health costs. This study evaluated a video-based educational program aimed at improving HCP awareness of ASTs. Sixty-five HCPs viewed AST videos related to medication management, daily living, and memory. Following the program, participants' objective and perceived AST knowledge improved, as did self-efficacy and anticipated AST engagement. About 95% of participants stated they were more likely to recommend ASTs postprogram. Participants benefitted equally regardless of years of experience or previous AST familiarity. Furthermore, change in self-efficacy and perceived knowledge were significant predictors of engagement change. Overall, the educational program was effective in improving HCPs' awareness of ASTs and appeared to benefit all participants regardless of experience and prior knowledge.
Early intraprosthetic dislocation in dual-mobility implants: a systematic review.

Abstract Background Dual mobility implants are subject to a specific implant-related complication, intraprosthetic dislocation (IPD), in which the polyethylene liner dissociates from the femoral head. For older generation designs, IPD was attributable to late polyethylene wear and subsequent failure of the head capture mechanism. However, early IPDs have been reportedly affecting contemporary designs. Methods A systematic review of the literature according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines was performed. A comprehensive search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar was conducted for English articles between January 1974 and August 2016 using various combinations of the keywords "intraprosthetic dislocation," "dual mobility," "dual-mobility," "tripolar," "double mobility," "double-mobility," "hip," "cup," "socket," and "dislocation." Results In all, 16 articles met our inclusion criteria. Fourteen were case reports and 2 were retrospective case series. These included a total of 19 total hip arthroplasties, which were divided into 2 groups: studies dealing with early IPD after attempted closed reduction and those dealing with early IPD with no history of previous attempted closed reduction. Early IPD was reported in 15 patients after a mean follow-up of 3.2 months (2.9 SD) in the first group and in 4 patients after a mean follow-up of 15.1 months (9.9 SD) in the second group. Conclusions Based on the current data, most cases have been preceded by an attempted closed reduction in the setting of outer, large articulation dislocation, perhaps indicating an iatrogenic etiology for early IPD. Recognition of this possible failure mode is essential to its prevention and treatment.
Nonlethal Weapons: The Broader Context

Recent experiences in peacekeeping missions, developments in nonlethal technology, and the current Global War on Terrorism have resulted in increased development and fielding of nonlethal weapons (NLW) within the U S military [1–3]. Such weapons are designed to complement and extend diplomatic and military options beyond the use of more traditional lethal weapons. Non-lethal weapons allow the military to accomplish dangerous objectives within the framework of very restrictive rules of engagement (ROE) typically associated with missions such as peacekeeping, peacemaking, detention operations, and humanitarian assistance. Soldiers executing operations other than war (OOTW) today are armed with a variety of non-lethal weapons and munitions allowing them to control the amount of force necessary to accomplish the mission. Such flexibility strengthens peacekeeping and peacemaking missions, reduces the possibility of innocent casualties, and, most importantly, protects the individual soldier by allowing greater control of tactical situations. The impetus to develop and employ nonlethal technology within the US military did not arise until the post cold war era and the shift of the United States’ national focus from conventional war to peacekeeping operations, humanitarian operations, and regional conflicts (OOTW) [4]. However, nonlethal technology has been available since 1960, as described by a Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) report that discusses weapon systems which could be characterized as employing nonlethal technology [5]. Also, the US National Science Foundation Report on Non-lethal Weapons in 1972 contained a list of 34 different weapon systems that could be characterized as nonlethal [6]. The US Department of Defense (DOD) established the Joint Non-Lethal Weapons Program (JNLWP) in 1996 to research, develop, and acquire nonlethal capabilities [7]. Nonlethal technologies have had successful limited use by US armed forces in Somalia, Haiti, Panama, and the Balkans [8]. In 1996, US
A CaMn4O2 model of the biological oxygen evolving complex: synthesis via cluster expansion on a low symmetry ligand

Using a new multinucleating ligand featuring two dipyridyl alkoxide moieties and a carboxylate moiety, low symmetry tetranuclear complexes 1-M (M = Mn, Fe, and Co) have been synthesized. Complex 1-Mn was used as a precursor for the synthesis of a pentanuclear CaMn4O2 cluster (3) with the same metal stoichiometry as the biological OEC.
Characterization of Nanoporous Low-k Thin Films by Contrast Match SANS

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) contrast variation is used to characterize matrix properties and pore size in nanoporous low-dielectric constant (low-k) thin films. Using a vapor adsorption technique, SANS measurements are used to identify a “contrast match” solvent mixture containing the hydrogen– and deuterium-containing versions of a probe solvent. The contrast match solvent is subsequently used to conduct SANS porosimetry experiments. With information from specular X-ray reflectivity and ion scattering, the technique is useful for estimating the mass density of the matrix (wall) material and the pore size distribution. To illustrate the technique, a porous methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) spin-on dielectric is characterized.
Waste Disposal and Recycling

Many environmental challenges facing the world today such as climate change, water and air pollution, and species endangerment are the consequences of the productive economy, of agriculture, land development, and industrial production. Solid waste is different. The consumer, not the firm, generates the bulk of solid waste. The waste consumers produce while at home or at work is unsightly, generates odor, threatens fresh groundwater supplies, and contributes to airborne dioxins. When looking for policies to improve things, consumers must examine their own choices and habits. Economists promote incentive-based policy approaches to improve environmental quality at the lowest cost to the economy. Although cap-and-trade programs and environmental taxes appear sporadically across the environmental policy landscape, nowhere are incentive-based policies more common than in the market for solid waste. Thousands of municipalities across the globe require consumers to pay for each bag of waste contributed to collection agencies or subsidize consumer recycling efforts – both examples of environmental taxes. With the emphasis on consumers and on market-based policies, microeconomic theory and welfare economics are perfectly suited to study the market for solid waste and evaluate policy. This article summarizes the economist's view of solid waste disposal and recycling.
Looking back to look forward

One of the things I have long struggled with in my own writing is whether, how and where in a paper to define the term food justice. In recent years, I have settled on the how, borrowing a definiti...
NOLS and Nutcrackers: The Motivations, Barriers, and Benefits Experienced by Outdoor Adventure Educators in the Context of a Citizen Science Project

Outdoor adventure education (OAE) organizations teach interpersonal and wilderness skills in outdoor settings and often include an explicit commitment to environmental learning. Because OAE organizations typically engage young adults in wilderness areas, citizen science projects in this context have the potential to generate data in remote locations and involve younger audiences in citizen science. The author engaged NOLS (formerly the National Outdoor Leadership School) in the Clark’s Nutcracker Project, a contributory citizen science project, to investigate the impacts of habitat decline on a high-elevation bird species in Wyoming. During the first season of the project, I used online questionnaires and semi-structured interviews to identify the motivations, benefits, and barriers experienced by participating NOLS instructors and administrators. I found that instructors were most often motivated to participate in the project as a means to improve their environmental studies curriculum. Similarly, I found that instructors most often benefitted from the project’s capacity to serve as a teaching tool by providing a focus for curriculum objectives or fostering increased student awareness and student buy-in. Time limitations, study complexity, disappointment over absence data, and concerns about student data quality were the most often identified barriers to participation. In light of these findings, I recommend that citizen science projects within the OAE context should be very easy to implement and align well with existing curricula. For maximum impact, potential projects should focus on a readily visible study subject, be defined by a compelling need, and ideally connect to students’ lives beyond the backcountry.
Using time series and natural language processing to identify viral moments in the 2016 U.S. Presidential Debate

This paper proposes a method for identifying and studying viral moments or highlights during a political debate. Using a combined strategy of time series analysis and domain adapted word embeddings, this study provides an in-depth analysis of several key moments during the 2016 U.S. Presidential election. First, a time series outlier analysis is used to identify key moments during the debate. These moments had to result in a long-term shift in attention towards either Hillary Clinton or Donald Trump (i.e., a transient change outlier or an intervention, resulting in a permanent change in the time series). To assess whether these moments also resulted in a discursive shift, two corpora are produced for each potential viral moment (a pre-viral corpus and post-viral corpus). A domain adaptation layer learns weights to combine a generic and domain-specific (DS) word embedding into a domain adapted (DA) embedding. Words are then classified using a generic encoder+ classifier framework that relies on these word embeddings as inputs. Results suggest that both Clinton and Trump were able to induce discourse-shifting viral moments, though the former is much better at producing a topically-specific discursive shift.
Applying Different Wide-Area Response-Based Controls to Different Contingencies in Power Systems

Electrical disturbances in the power system can threaten stability. One-shot control is an effective method for stabilizing some events. In this paper, predetermined amounts of loads are increased or decreased around the network. Determining the amounts of loads, and the location for shedding is crucial. This paper is completed in two different sections. First, finding the effective control combinations, and second, finding an algorithm for applying different control combinations to different contingencies in real time. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to find the effective control combinations. Next, decision trees (DT) are trained to assess the benefits of applying each of the three most effective control combinations found by PSO method. The DT outputs are combined into an algorithm for selecting the best control in real time. Finally, the algorithm is evaluated using a test set of contingencies. The results reveal a 46% improvement in comparison to previous studies.
MAKNA KERJA KERAS DALAM FILM “LALA LAND”

Film Lala Land merupakan film bergenre drama musikal memenangkan banyak penghargaan dan nominasi dalam berbagai festival film internasional. Lala Land berhasil memenangkan penghargaan sebagai aktor dan aktris terbaik, sutradara terbaik, musik terbaik, sinematografi terbaik, dan produksi terbaik. Hal ini merupakan alasan mengapa film ini adalah film yang kuat akan simbol-simbol nya. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode penelitian semiotik Chritsian Metz, penelitian dilakukan dengan merelasikan tanda-tanda dari unsur sinematik mise-en-scene. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa tanda-tanda yang direlasikan dan memberikan makna kerja keras yang ada pada adegan-adegan dalam film ini. Adegan yang paling memberikan makna kerja keras dalam film ini yaitu ada pada adegan satu dan tiga
PET/SPECT Molecular Probes for the Diagnosis and Staging of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a significant public health challenge afflicting approximately 1 billion individuals both in the Western world and in the East world. While liver biopsy is considered as gold standard in the diagnosis and staging of liver fibrosis, noninvasive imaging technologies, including ultrasonography, computed tomography, single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography (PET) could offer more sensitive, comprehensive, and quantitative measurement for NAFLD. In this review, we focus on recent development and applications of PET/SPECT molecular probes that enable multispatial/temporal visualization and quantification of physiopathological progress at the molecular level in the NAFLD. We shall also discuss the limitations of current radioligands and future direction for PET/SPECT probe development.
Patent Harmonization in Biotechnology: Towards International Reconciliation of the Gene Patent Debate

Table of ContentsI. Introduction 690II. The Gene Patent Debate 692A. Primer on Gene Patents and Genes 693B. International Expansion of Gene Patentability 694C. Increased Challenges to Gene Patents 695III. The International Trend towards Harmonization 700A. The Trend towards Uniformity of Patent Protection 700B. The WTO and the TRIPS Agreement 701C. The Role of WIPO 703IV. Concerns with Differing Patentability Standards 704A. International Concern over Divergent Policies 7051. Private business and patent holder concerns 7052. Government and state concerns 7063. International access concerns 708B. Specific Concerns with Biotechnology and Gene Patents 709V. Resolving the Differing International Approaches to Gene Patents 710A. Potential Solutions Currently Available through InternationalOrganizations 7111. Use international organizations for substantive patent uniformity.......7122. Rely on the flexibilities inherent in TRIPS to ensure access to diagnostictests covered by gene patents 713B. A Pragmatic Approach to Gene Patent Harmonization 7151. Promote the use of independent licensing agreements 7162. International organizations intervene to coordinate licensing agreements. 717VI. Conclusion 720I. IntroductionIntellectual property (IP) is a growing component of both global trade and government policy decisions. As the world marketplace becomes increasingly integrated, patent holders seek ways to maintain their exclusive rights.1 There has been progress towards international harmonization over the years in the form of coordinating procedural requirements and ensuring minimum standards of protection. The World Trade Organization's (WTO) adoption of the TradeRelated Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights agreement (TRIPS)2 was particularly important to the growing harmonization of patent regimes internationally. However, large disparities remain in substantive patent rights, including in standards of patentability, that lead to a fragmented international intellectual property regime.The field of biotechnology may be especially sensitive to the fragmented nature of international standards of patentability. After the international biotechnology industry's rapid expansion in the 1980s and 1990s, both the number of biotechnology patents and the scope of patentable subject matter increased significantly. During this time, gene patents were widely available in multiple countries, resulting in thousands of human gene patents.3 Despite efforts to harmonize international patent regimes, recent legal challenges to the validity of gene patents highlight the uneven nature of international policy regarding the patentability of human gene sequences. …
Split enzymes: Design principles and strategy

Engineering precise control of enzymatic activity provides a powerful means to manipulate and understand biological processes. One approach to achieve a switch-like control over enzyme activity is to design a split enzyme, where the protein is separated into two polypeptides with each inactive fragment fused to inducible dimerization domains. The activity of the enzyme can be controlled by the addition of a small molecule, which causes the inducible dimerization domains to come together and reconstitute the split enzyme and its activity. In recent years, split enzymes have been designed for a variety of enzyme classes, and these synthetic molecular tools have enabled spatial and temporal dissection of biological processes in ways that were difficult previously. Here, we summarize key design principles and strategies to guide future split enzyme engineering efforts, using split enzymes generated from our research group as examples.
Only Half the Story

Wisdom is a broad construct that has multiple facets. As many have pointed out, not only the Greeks, but wisdom traditions cross-culturally, have generally identified two major approaches, phronesi...
A Preliminary Study of the Effects of Treatment with Lithium Versus Quetiapine on Attention of Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder

Objectives: Despite attentional deficits being a prominent feature of bipolar disorder, there are limited data on the effects of common treatments for bipolar disorder on attention. Thus, we sought...
Intradural extramedullary metastatic melanoma: a case report and review of the literature

Abstract The incidence of melanoma has increased significantly since the 1970s. We describe a patient with melanoma, without known metastases, presenting with an intradural, extramedullary (IDEM) mass at T12 and subcentimeter IDEM masses at L2-3. He underwent subtotal resection and symptoms improved postoperatively. Cases published prior to 1999 reported high morbidity associated with surgical resection of all IDEM metastatic lesions, with recommendations for careful selection of surgical candidates. Since 2012, 78% of reported IDEM melanoma cases reported neurological improvement. In the setting of more recently reported outcomes, surgical resection should be strongly considered in patients with IDEM melanoma metastasis.
On the Use of Auxiliary Variables in Multilevel Regression and Poststratification

Multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP) has become a popular approach for selection bias adjustment in subgroup estimation, with widespread applications from social sciences to public health. We examine the statistical properties of MRP in connection with poststratification and hierarchical models. The success of MRP prominently depends on the availability of auxiliary information strongly related to the outcome. To improve the outcome model fitting performances, we recommend modeling inclusion mechanisms conditional on auxiliary variables and adding a flexible function of estimated inclusion probabilities in the mean structure. We present a framework for statistical data integration and robust inferences of probability and nonprobability surveys, providing solutions to various challenges in practical applications. Our simulation studies indicate the statistical validity of MRP with a tradeoff between bias and variance, and the improvement over alternative methods is mainly on subgroup estimates with small sample sizes. Our development is motivated by the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study that has collected children across 21 U.S. geographic locations for national representation but is subject to selection bias as a nonprobability sample. We apply the methods for population inferences to evaluate cognition performances of diverse groups of children in the ABCD study and demonstrate that the use of auxiliary variables affects the inferential findings.
Cervical intradural intramedullary collision tumor of schwannoma and hemangioblastoma origin.

Background Primary spinal tumors are rare benign lesions that represent around 2-4% of all central nervous system neoplasms.[1,2] Intradural intramedullary tumors are predominately glial in origin and are most commonly astrocytomas or ependymomas. Intradural extramedullary tumors, on the other hand, are usually neurofibromas, schwannomas, or meningiomas.[2] Here, we report the case of an intradural intramedullary collision tumor of schwannoma-hemangioblastoma origin. Case description A 61-year-old female presented with a 2-year history of the right arm numbness, weakness, and tingling. She reported some lower extremity numbness but an otherwise normal neurological examination. She had a prior carpal tunnel release that did not alleviate her symptoms. Noncontrast MRI of the cervical spine demonstrated a holocord syrinx from C2 to C7 and spondylolisthesis from C4 to C5. MRI with contrast then displayed an enhancing nodule behind the vertebral body of C4. A standard posterior approach and subperiosteal dissection were performed. Lateral mass screws were placed at C3-C5, and the laminectomy was performed en bloc. Intraoperative ultrasound was used to locate the lesion, and intraoperative dorsal column mapping was used to identify the midline before performing a midline myelotomy. The arachnoid over the lesion was opened and an extracapsular dissection was performed. Hemostasis was obtained, and a watertight dural closure was performed. Conclusion The patient tolerated the procedure well and achieved relief from cervical myelopathy symptoms. Pathology indicated positive biomarkers for S-100, SOX10, and NSE indicating a schwannoma hemangioblastoma collision tumor. This is unusual in its nature given two benign lesions with differing underlying cell types of origin.
Protein acetylation in cardiac aging.

Abstract Biological aging is attributed to progressive dysfunction in systems governing genetic and metabolic integrity. At the cellular level, aging is evident by accumulated DNA damage and mutation, reactive oxygen species, alternate lipid and protein modifications, alternate gene expression programs, and mitochondrial dysfunction. These effects sum to drive altered tissue morphology and organ dysfunction. Protein-acylation has emerged as a critical mediator of age-dependent changes in these processes. Despite decades of research focus from academia and industry, heart failure remains a leading cause of death in the United States while the 5 year mortality rate for heart failure remains over 40%. Over 90% of heart failure deaths occur in patients over the age of 65 and heart failure is the leading cause of hospitalization in Medicare beneficiaries. In 1931, Cole and Koch discovered age-dependent accumulation of phosphates in skeletal muscle. These and similar findings provided supporting evidence for, now well accepted, theories linking metabolism and aging. Nearly two decades later, age-associated alterations in biochemical molecules were described in the heart. From these small beginnings, the field has grown substantially in recent years. This growing research focus on cardiac aging has, in part, been driven by advances on multiple public health fronts that allow population level clinical presentation of aging related disorders. It is estimated that by 2030, 25% of the worldwide population will be over the age of 65. This review provides an overview of acetylation-dependent regulation of biological processes related to cardiac aging and introduces emerging non-acetyl, acyl-lysine modifications in cardiac function and aging.
Extent of High-Grade Prostatic Adenocarcinoma in Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Targeted Biopsy Enhances Prediction of Pathologic Stage.

CONTEXT.— Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of prostate with targeted biopsy has enhanced detection of high-grade prostatic adenocarcinoma (HG PCa). However, utility of amount of HG PCa (Gleason pattern 4/5) in mpMRI-targeted biopsies versus standard 12-core biopsies in predicting adverse outcomes on radical prostatectomy (RP) is unknown. OBJECTIVE.— To examine the utility of amount of HG PCa in mpMRI-targeted biopsies versus standard 12-core biopsies in predicting adverse RP outcomes. DESIGN.— We performed a retrospective review of prostate biopsies, which had corresponding RP, 1 or more mpMRI-targeted biopsy, and grade group 2 disease or higher. For the 169 cases identified, total millimeters of carcinoma and HG PCa, and longest length HG PCa in a single core were recorded for 12-core biopsies and each set of mpMRI-targeted biopsies. For RP specimens, Gleason grade, extraprostatic extension, seminal vesicle involvement, and lymph node metastasis were recorded. The main outcome studied was prostate-confined disease at RP. A logistic regression model was used to test which pre-RP variables related to this outcome. RESULTS.— Univariate analysis showed significant associations with adverse RP outcomes in 5 of 8 quantifiable variables; longest millimeter HG PCa in a single 12-core biopsy, highest grade group in any core, and total millimeter HG in mpMRI-targeted biopsies showed no statistical association (P = .54, P = .13, and P = .55, respectively). In multivariate analysis, total millimeter carcinoma in all cores, highest GrGrp in any core, and longest millimeter HG PCa in a single mpMRI-targeted core provided additional predictive value (P < .001, P = .004, and P = .03, respectively). CONCLUSIONS.— Quantitation of HG PCa in mpMRI-targeted biopsies provides additional value over 12-core biopsies alone in predicting nonorgan confined prostate cancer at RP. Linear millimeters of HG PCa in mpMRI-targeted biopsies is a significant parameter associated with higher pathologic stage and could be of value in risk models.