cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Functionalization of a Triazine Dendrimer Presenting Four Maleimides on the Periphery and a DOTA Group at the Core

A readily and rapidly accessible triazine dendrimer was manipulated in four steps with 23% overall yield to give a construct displaying four maleimide groups and DOTA. The maleimide groups of the dendrimer are sensitive to hydrolysis under basic conditions. The addition of up to four molecules of water can be observed via mass spectrometry and HPLC. The evolution in the alkene region of the 1H-NMR—the transformation of the maleimide singlet to the appearance of two doublets—is consistent with imide hydrolysis and not the Michael addition. The hydrolysis events that proceeded over hours are sufficiently slower than the desired thiol addition reactions that occur in minutes. The addition of thiols to maleimides can be accomplished in a variety of solvents. The thiols examined derived from cysteine and include the protected amino acid, a protected dipeptide, and native oligopeptides containing either 9 or 18 amino acids. The addition reactions were monitored with HPLC and mass spectrometry in most cases. Complete substitution was observed for small molecule reactants. The model peptides containing nine or eighteen amino acids provided a mixture of products averaging between 3 and 4 substitutions/dendrimer. The functionalization of the chelate group with gadolinium was also accomplished easily.
Tracer Transport through Seepage Lakes

AbstractResidence times of tracers in rectangular seepage lakes with wind-driven circulation are investigated in this paper. The key dimensionless parameters are DTW/qLT2 and VW/qLL, in which DT is the diffusion coefficient transverse to the wind direction, W is the dimension of the lake aligned with the direction of groundwater inflow/outflow, q is the specific discharge of groundwater entering and leaving the lake, LL and LT are the lake dimensions in the wind direction and transverse to the wind direction, respectively, and V is the wind speed. The well-mixed approximation in rectangular lakes is reasonable when DTW/qLT2>1 and VW/qLL≫1. Under these conditions, tracer particles are distributed uniformly over the outflow surface, and the probability distribution of tracer residence times can be estimated theoretically without the need to develop a numerical mixing model for the lake.
RECOGNIZING MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN BI-VENTRICULAR PACING

The ECG recognition of coronary ischemia in the presence of biventricular pacing (BiV-P) has been little studied. We present a patient with chest pain in whom ECG changes seen during BiV-P raised suspicion of MI, which was more obviously unveiled by transient inhibition of pacing. A 54 year-old-man
Quantum mechanics and dialectical materialism.

O f all the philosophic issues posed by modern scientific theory, those involving quantum mechanics have been the most pressing and obstinate. Several problems in the philosophy of science of the past generation-such as the interpretation of special relativity-held the attention of scholars for a decade or more but have now lost much of their allure; other issues-such as the interpretation of cybernetics and information theory-have gained prominence only recently. But forty years after the publication of the essential mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics the controversy swirls unabated, even intensified.' It is a debate in which the scholars of many nations have participated, including those of the USSR. The structure of quantum mechanics may be divided into a mathematical formalism and a physical interpretation of that formalism. The mathematical formalism which is the core of quantum mechanics is a differential wave equation, the solution of which is usually termed the psi (I) function; the wave equation was first developed by Erwin Schrodinger, who pursued Louis de Broglie's extension of the concept of wave-corpuscle duality from light to elementary particles of matter. The advantage of this formalism is that it yields, on a probabilistic basis, numerical values permitting a more complete mathematical description of microphysical states, including prediction of future states, than has any other formalism so far. The disadvantage of the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics is that the only widely accepted (somne would say the only possible) physical interpretation for it contradicts several of man's most basic intuitions concerning matter. Spe-
Anti‐coagulant therapy with dabigatran for cystic fibrosis patients

Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism, especially in association with central venous catheter use. Coumarin drugs and low molecular weight heparin are frequently used for anti-coagulant therapy, but are more challenging to administer in CF patients. Dabigatran, an oral thrombin antagonist, is an alternative anti-coagulant medication, but its use in CF has not been reported. We describe our experience in successfully using dabigatran for long-term anti-coagulation therapy in two CF patients. Our experience suggests that dabigatran can serve as an option for anticoagulation therapy in CF. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2016;51:E29-E30. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of quenching process on mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength steel

The effects of direct quenching and tempering (DQ-T) process and conventional reheat quenching and tempering (RQ-T) processes on mechanical properties and microstructure of high strength steel were investigated. The DQ process was found to enhance the hardenability of steel effectively. The tensile strength and yield strength of DQ specimen was 975 MPa and 925 MPa respectively, which were higher than those of RQ specimen’s of 920 MPa and 871 MPa. In contrast, low temperature toughness (−40 °C, AKV) of DQ-T specimen (124 J) was generally inferior to that of RQ-T specimen (156 J). The direct quenching temperature was one of the potential process parameters to determine strength/toughness balance of steel manufactured by DQ process. The experimental results showed that excellent strength/toughness balance was obtained when the specimens was quenched at temperature in the range of 850–910 °C. The yield strength and impact energy (−40 °C) of DQ steel decreased significantly with increasing of quenching temperature, although the tensile strength was nearly stable.
Fracture prediction in Maobachang structure in northeastern Sichuan Basin

The well-drilling data from Maoba area in northeastern Sichuan Basin reveal that the gas-bearing fractured reservoirs in the third member of Feixianguan Formation are horizontally irregularly distributed,which leads to great difficulty in deployment of wells.3-D seismic data also imply that either the development of faults or the lithologic association has great influences on the development of fractures in the third member of Feixianguan Formation.A fracture predication method has been proposed.Firstly,the AVO responses of the reservoirs are obtained from rock physical modeling using well data.Secondly,the fractured reservoirs in the third member of Feixianguan Formation are characterized based on the analysis of the anisotropy of seismic waves and the variations of prestack seismic attributes with azimuths.The predicted result matches well with the drilling data.
Design and Implementation of a Supervisory and Control System for Charging Facilities of Electric Vehicles

The features of charging facilities for electric vehicles are described.The functional requirements of each part of the supervisory and control system are determined by a system demands analysis and system design thoughts are then proposed.According to the classification and Abstract of the function service,a design scheme with layered architecture is provided.The supervisory and control system is divided into four layers,namely,the system platform layer,the support service layer,the service layer and the application layer.Three communication network configuration modes for the supervisory and control of charging facilities in the major application environments are proposed.Realization of each layer of the cross-platform supervisory and control system software is given.Field monitoring results show that the system is satisfactory.
Determination of aluminium in whole blood by microwave dissolution and GFAAS

Objective:To determine the aluminium in whole blood powder by microwave dissolution and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.Methods:The samples were digested by closed-vessel microwave HNO3+H2O2 dissolution system and then determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy.50 g/L Mg(NO3)2 was used as the matrixmodifier.Results:The range of calibration curve was 0.0～50.0 μg/L and the correlation coefficientwas 0.9995.The detection limit was 0.93 pg.The relative deviation was 2.62%～5.92% in sample analysis and recovery of spiked samples was 90%～104%.Conclusion:This method is convenient and the analytical data meet the demands of accuracy and precision.
Dementia in the Aged

Dementia can be feature of several distinct pathologic processes, including extracranial and intracranial disease, iatrogenesis, and depression. In approximately 20 per cent of cases, dementia is caused by a potentially reversible disease; in the remaining 80 per cent, it is associated with primary brain disease for which no specific treatment is yet known. In all cases, thorough medical and psychiatric evaluation is indicated. In a large percentage of cases of primary dementia, a multiple therapeutic approach, which includes psychopharmacologic and psychotherapeutic modalities, can arrest and sometimes reverse some of the debilitating complications of the dementing illness.
Consensus-based multi-piezoelectric microcantilever for scanning probe microscopy

A new multi-piezoelectric microcantilever sensor is introduced in this article for replacing laser sensors in atomic force microscopes. This microcantilever consists of multiple piezoelectric layers over its surface, and a consensus algorithm is designed to provide a robust and accurate estimation of the deflections at the tip of the microcantilever. The dynamic equation set of the microcantilever is developed first and then the consensus observer is designed. A set of Riccati equations is used to obtain the optimal gains for the observer, and the robustness of the microcantilever is considered by designing a H∞ norm constraint. A set of numerical simulations is conducted to evaluate the performance of the microcantilever. Results show that the consensus-based multi-piezoelectric microcantilever can successfully provide an accurate estimation of the deflections at the tip of the microcantilever. It is also shown that the robustness of the design can positively improve the estimation performance in the pre...
Real-time tornado detection and wind retrieval with high-resolution X-band Doppler radar network

How to eliminate the threats from tornadoes and high winds using advanced weather sensing techniques has been pursued for a few decades. However, conventional S-band radar based retrieval system is limited at warning against tornadoes and microbursts due to the combined effects of sampling limitation and Earth's curvature. This paper presents the rationale of using high-resolution X-band Doppler radar network for tornado detection and 3D wind velocity retrieval. The distributed collaborative adaptive sensing (DCAS) paradigm designed for the X-band radar network is able to reconfigure each radar node according to real-time weather changes. The wind retrieval system then selects the best radar pairs for multi-Doppler synthesis based on optimal beam-crossing angles in the target areas. The real-time wind products derived based on radar network observations in “Tornado Alley” have demonstrated the excellent performance of the designed multi-Doppler system. This real-time system is now being used for emergency warnings of severe weather by the local National Weather Service Forecast Offices.
A survey of the Cretaceous ammonite Placenticeras Meek, 1876, in the United States Western Interior, with notes on the earliest species from Texas

This contribution documents the record of the late Cretaceous ammonite Placenticeras Meek, 1876, from the late Cenomanian of Texas and the southern part of the U. S. Western Interior up to the late Middle Campanian zone of Baculites scotti , reconstructed and updated from an incomplete manuscript by the late W. A. Cobban based on the collections of the U. S. Geological Survey. The original manuscript dates from the late 1980’s, and there is now additional information on the occurrence of the genus that is incorporate here; much of this comes from Neal Larson of Hill City, South Dakota, to whom I am indebted for his help in preparing Bill’s manuscript for publication. It now provides an objective documentation of the distribution of Placenticeras in space and time on which any subsequent analysis of the evolution of the genus will depend.
Coding Places: Software Practice in a South American City/Coding Freedom: The Ethics and Aesthetics of Hacking

Yuri Takhteyev's Coding Places is an ethnographic study of software development in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. As such, it offers a welcome and necessary counterpoint to Gabriella Coleman's Coding Free...
The Future of Contrast-Enhanced Mammography.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to discuss facilitators of and barriers to future implementation of contrast-enhanced mammography (CEM) in the United States. CONCLUSION. CEM provides low-...
The Design and Play of Geogames as Place-Based Education

A key affordance of games and technologies that emphasize geolocativity is their ability to bring people to new places, and mobilize aspects of those places to facilitate playful and interactive experiences. At a basic level, we can think of a mobile application’s ability to locate where you are (via GPS, QR codes, Bluetooth beacons, image recognition, etc.) and use that information to direct you towards specific objects or locations within a place or encourage particular types of interactions. Not only where you are, but what you do in specific locations (e.g. take and share photos) can become part of a mediated experience that encourages you to act and interact differently in the world. Games that take into account a person’s physical location can be single or multiplayer: relying on players’ co-presence in a given place either synchronously or asynchronously, or designed to elicit interactions among users in different places, where each player contributes based on the unique features of their location. In essence, mobile technologies can provide new ways of knowing where you are: from highlighting your position in time and space to helping you identify and interpret your surroundings, to cultivating new sociocultural and identity based modes of awareness. Geogames can amplify these possibilities by providing the conditions (e.g., the context and inspiration) needed to encourage players to take action within a particular place. As a result, game authors can facilitate new ways of seeing the world, open new modes of access to the worlds that players already encounter, and create new worlds and narratives layered on top of existing reality.
A Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Common Office Blood Pressure Measurement Protocols.

BACKGROUND The optimal approach to measuring office blood pressure (BP) is uncertain. We aimed to compare BP measurement protocols that differed based on numbers of readings within and between visits and by assessment method. METHODS We enrolled a sample of 707 employees without known hypertension or cardiovascular disease, and obtained 6 standardized BP readings during each of 3 office visits at least 1 week apart, using mercury sphygmomanometer and BpTRU oscillometric devices (18 readings per participant) for a total of 12,645 readings. We used confirmatory factor analysis to develop a model estimating "true" office BP that could be used to compare the probability of correctly classifying participants' office BP status using differing numbers and types of office BP readings. RESULTS Averaging 2 systolic BP readings across 2 visits correctly classified participants as having BP below or above the 140 mm Hg threshold at least 95% of the time if the averaged reading was 149 mm Hg, respectively. Our model demonstrated that more confidence was gained by increasing the number of visits with readings than by increasing the number of readings within a visit. No clinically significant confidence was gained by dropping the first reading vs. averaging all readings, nor by measuring with a manual mercury device vs. with an automated oscillometric device. CONCLUSIONS Averaging 2 BP readings across 2 office visits appeared to best balance increased confidence in office BP status with efficiency of BP measurement, though the preferred measurement strategy may vary with the clinical context.
Applications of the Typed Theory

In this section, we translate and discuss the propositional attitude data which involve English names and definite descriptions that denote individuals. The data sentences are labeled (A)-(X), and because we are supposing with Frege that certain English terms occurring in them are ambiguous, there are several readings possible for each one. These readings are provided immediately after the particular datum is presented , and a discussion usually follows. In these discussions (in this section only), we revert to using the word “object” to refer to individuals and the word “property” to refer to properties of individuals (i.e., i/p-properties).
Aspirin-triggered 15-epi-lipoxin A4 and stable analogs on lipoxin A4 are potent inhibitors of acute inflammation. Receptors and pathways.

Lipoxins (LX) are trihydroxytetraene-containing eicosanoids that are generated within vascular lumen by platelet-leukocyte interactions and at mucosal surfaces by leukocyte-epithelial cell interactions. During these cell-cell interactions, transcellular biosynthetic pathways are used as major routes, and thus, in humans, LX are formed in vivo during multicellular responses such as inflammation, atherosclerosis, and thrombosis (as reviewed in reference (1)). This branch of the eicosanoid cascade generates specific tetraene-containing products that appear to function as stop signals.
Dealing with Social Institutions

The feeling of helplessness, the knowledge that we as individuals are nothing but miniatures compared to a gigantic system of social bureaucratic institutions is a frustrating notion to many of us. Without a doubt, each and every person at least once had to deal with governmental bureaucracy: Social Security (SSA), motor vehicles (DMV), or utilities (electric or telephone company). The forms that have to be filled in, and the time that needs to be spent in addition to other time and nerve wrecking arrangements are another barrier to reintegration that is shred by newcomers/ immigrants during their assimilation process.
Going to Russia is worthwhile despite the risks

In spite of numerous risks and difficulties, Johnson Controls is convinced that investment in the booming Russian market is worthwhile. “ Go East, but go now ” is the call to further companies to conquer the Russian market.
Effects of improvements in the CPS on the estimated prevalence of medical financial burdens.

Objective To measure the effects of questionnaire and imputation improvements in the Current Population Survey (CPS) on the estimated prevalence of high medical financial burden, that is, families spending more than 10 percent of income on medical care. Data source Matched longitudinal sample of CPS data for 2013 and 2014 calendar years. Study design The CPS used a split-sample design to field traditional and redesigned questions about 2013 income, and old and new out-of-pocket premium imputation procedures, respectively. For both samples, CPS data for 2014 were from the redesigned income questions and the new imputation procedures. We quantify the effects of the combined survey improvements using differences-in-differences methods. Principal findings The improvements were not associated with changes in the estimate of burden in the full sample. Estimated prevalence increased by 2.6 percentage points among nonelderly adults with private insurance, decreased by 6.6 percentage points among nonelderly adults with public coverage, and decreased by 5.8 percentage points among elderly adults with Medicare and no private coverage. Conclusions Improvements in the CPS changed the estimated prevalence of high medical financial burden among key subgroups. Researchers should use caution when tracking burden across the time-period in which these improvements were implemented.
A Fully-Flexible Solution-Processed Autonomous Glucose Indicator

We present the first demonstration of a fully-flexible, self-powered glucose indicator system that synergizes two flexible electronic technologies: a flexible self-powering unit in the form of a biofuel cell, with a flexible electronic device - a circuit-board decal fabricated with biocompatible microbial nanocellulose. Our proof-of-concept device, comprising an enzymatic glucose fuel cell, glucose sensor and a LED indicator, does not require additional electronic equipment for detection or verification; and the entire structure collapses into a microns-thin, self-adhering, single-centimeter-square decal, weighing less than 40 mg. The flexible glucose indicator system continuously operates a light emitting diode (LED) through a capacitive charge/discharge cycle, which is directly correlated to the glucose concentration. Our indicator was shown to operate at high sensitivity within a linear glucose concentration range of 1 mM–45 mM glucose continuously, achieving a 1.8 VDC output from a flexible indicator system that deliver sufficient power to drive an LED circuit. Importantly, the results presented provide a basis upon which further development of indicator systems with biocompatible diffusing polymers to act as buffering diffusion barriers, thereby allowing them to be potentially useful for low-cost, direct-line-of-sight applications in medicine, husbandry, agriculture, and the food and beverage industries.
Disaggregation of Small, Cohesive Rubble Pile Asteroids due to YORP

Abstract The implication of small amounts of cohesion within relatively small rubble pile asteroids is investigated with regard to their evolution under the persistent presence of the YORP effect. We find that below a characteristic size, which is a function of cohesive strength, density and other properties, rubble pile asteroids can enter a “disaggregation phase” in which they are subject to repeated fissions after which the formation of a stabilizing binary system is not possible. Once this threshold is passed rubble pile asteroids may be disaggregated into their constituent components within a finite time span. These constituent components will have their own spin limits – albeit potentially at a much higher spin rate due to the greater strength of a monolithic body. The implications of this prediction are discussed and include modification of size distributions, prevalence of monolithic bodies among meteoroids and the lifetime of small rubble pile bodies in the solar system. The theory is then used to place constraints on the strength of binary asteroids characterized as a function of their type.
Racial Ideology or Racial Ignorance? An Alternative Theory of Racial Cognition:

Directing attention to racial ignorance as a core dimension of racialized social systems, this article advances a process-focused Theory of Racial Ignorance (TRI), grounded in Critical Race Theory ...
Technology Use in Ophthalmology Resident Education: Results to Aid Program Directors in Curriculum Development

Background The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education in ophthalmology lists the use of information technology to optimize learning as a common program requirement. The use of technology in published studies often takes the form of e-learning. No study to date outlines what methods are preferred by residents and faculty in United States Ophthalmology programs. Objective We conducted a needs assessment to evaluate the current state of technology in teaching and learning in an ophthalmology residency program, to identify barriers to using technology, and to determine areas for future curriculum development. Methods We used an anonymous online survey to assess current residents and faculty within our ophthalmology residency program. Results Residents identified their primary learning styles as visual and kinesthetic and they preferred videos and online question banks. More than 35% of faculty respondents “never” use technology in teaching. Among faculty who do use technology, online quizzes and videos were the most common modalities used to supplement lectures. Common barriers to incorporating technology included lack of time, lack of knowledge of available technologic tools, and lack of skill in using technology. Both faculty and residents identified a Web platform for curricular elements and a feedback app as potentially beneficial additions to the curriculum. Each group rated an app to receive feedback more highly than an app to provide it. The two groups disagreed on the usefulness of online quizzes. There was variability among faculty responses regarding the usefulness of technology in teaching. Conclusion Our needs assessment identified areas of agreement among residents and faculty as well as mismatches and barriers regarding the use of technology to support learning by ophthalmology residents. Our study is an example of a best practice for use of a needs assessment to provide a framework for curriculum development and program improvement in an individual program. Further research is needed to generalize these results across ophthalmology programs.
La cabaña del Tío Tom (Uncle Tom’s Cabin), la esclavitud atlántica y la racialización de la esfera pública en la ciudad de México de mediados del siglo XIX

The 1857 theatrical productions of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in Mexico City must be understood as part of the cultural phenomenon of “Tom Mania” that swept the Atlantic world in the 1850s. Nevertheless, both historians and literary critics have ignored the impact of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s famous novel in Mexico, as well as its importance in Latin America as a whole. One consequence of this has been a lack of attention paid to how the Spanish imperial project, which included slavery, influenced the development of a Hispano-Mexican intellectual field regarding issues such as slavery, race and abolitionism. This article sheds light on these connections through a transnational perspective on the circulation of Uncle Tom’s Cabin in Mexico City. The first part traces how it and other important contemporary texts that dealt with the issue of slavery –Victor Hugo’s Bug-Jargal and Gustave de Beaumont’s Marie, or Slavery in the United States – conquered the bookstores, periodicals and literary salons of the capital. The second part focuses on the 1857 theatrical productions of the novel, arguing that aspects of these productions underscored the apparent acceptance and familiarity with minstrel tropes in the cultural arena, showing how these anti-slavery plays nevertheless reinforced practices that stigmatized blackness.
Going in Circles: The Black Box of Circular RNA Immunogenicity.

Two recent papers in Molecular Cell (Chen et al., 2019; Wesselhoeft et al., 2019) have probed the putative immunogenicity of circular RNAs (circRNAs). These studies indicate that the stimulatory capacity of circRNAs depends on factors including the specific RNA, the mode of biogenesis, RNA modifications, cell type, and the means of delivery.
Christian Pastors’ Perspectives and Insights on the Practice of Family Therapists Referring LGB Clients: Exploring the Role of Religion

AbstractThis qualitative study explored Christian pastors’ perceptions and insights for family therapists who refuse to work with lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients by consistently referring ...
Immune Checkpoint Blockade Enhances Immune Activity of Therapeutic Lung Cancer Vaccine.

Background: Immune checkpoint blockade that downregulates T cell evasion for effective immunity has provided a renewed interest in therapeutic cancer vaccines. Methods: Utilizing murine lung cancer models, we determined: tumor burden, TIL cytolysis, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, RNA Sequencing, CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, CXCL9 chemokine, and CXCL10 chemokine neutralization to evaluate the efficacy of Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade combined with chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21-dendritic cell tumor antigen (CCL21-DC tumor Ag) vaccine. Results: Anti-PD1 combined with CCL21-DC tumor Ag vaccine eradicated 75% of 12-day established tumors (150 mm3) that was enhanced to 90% by administering CCL21-DC tumor Ag vaccine prior to combined therapy. The effect of combined therapy was blocked by CD4, CD8, CXCL9, and CXCL10 neutralizing antibodies. Conclusion: PD-1 blockade therapy plus CCL21-DC tumor Ag vaccine could be beneficial to lung cancer patients.
Optimal Versus Traditional Securities Under Moral Hazard

We provide an explanation of the widespread use of traditional securities by well-established firms. Standard moral hazard models predict that equity, debt and warrants are almost never optimal financing instruments. We show that issuing these securities is, nevertheless, nearly optimal: the issuer would gain very little by using non-traditional securities instead. Combined with equity, one debt issue (without multiple layers of seniority) and one warrant issue (without multiple exercise prices) suffice to achieve near-optimality. The near-optimality of traditional financing depends crucially on the issuer's ability to use warrants in addition to debt and equity.
Weight-related teasing is associated with body concerns, disordered eating, and health diagnoses in racially and ethnically diverse young men.

Abstract Research suggests that weight-related teasing is associated with body concerns and disordered eating in male and female adolescents and women. Yet, little is known about these associations for young men with diverse racial and ethnic identities. This study examined the association of weight-related teasing frequency and distress with body concerns, loss of control (LOC) eating, dietary restraint, and history of psychiatric and medical diagnoses in racially and ethnically diverse young men. Racial and ethnic identity was examined as a potential moderator. Participants (N = 1,069; 18–30 years; Mage = 24.1 ± 3.6 years) completed an online survey and reported on general demographics; weight-related teasing; body concerns; LOC eating frequency in the last 28 days; dietary restraint; and history of psychiatric and medical diagnoses. All models adjusted for BMI, income, education, and history of psychiatric diagnoses (when not the dependent variable). Both weight-related teasing frequency and distress were significantly and positively linked with all dependent variables, and these associations did not significantly vary by racial and ethnic identity. These findings suggest that, much like in prior research with adolescents and women, experiences with weight-related teasing are associated with body concerns, disordered eating, and poorer health in racially and ethnically diverse young men, regardless of body size.
Librarians as Wikimedia Movement Organizers in Spain: An interpretive inquiry exploring activities and motivations

How do librarians in Spain engage with Wikipedia (and Wikidata, Wikisource, and other Wikipedia sister projects) as Wikimedia Movement Organizers? And, what motivates them to do so? This article reports on findings from 14 interviews with 18 librarians. The librarians interviewed were multilingual and contributed to Wikimedia projects in Castilian (commonly referred to as Spanish), Catalan, Basque, English, and other European languages. They reported planning and running Wikipedia events, developing partnerships with local Wikimedia chapters, motivating citizens to upload photos to Wikimedia Commons, identifying gaps in Wikipedia content and filling those gaps, transcribing historic documents and adding them to Wikisource, and contributing data to Wikidata. Most were motivated by their desire to preserve and promote regional languages and culture, and a commitment to open access and open education.
Digital Transformation: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives

We observe increasing needs for remote collaboration, inspired by corresponding technical and technological possibilities. This was further justified during the COVID-19 pandemic when most businesses went on-line. Many positive effects of the Digital Transformation were seen in this period, but also a number of new challenges popped up. This paper is based on previous research featuring Digital Transformation and it is extended towards explicitly considering particular challenges that pose societal relevance. There are three main contributions of this paper. First, a modified model is created and presented as evolution of the enhanced socio-technical system to better describe the prospects and challenges associated with platform technologies and digital driven transformations. The second contribution is a systematic review of recent publications on digital driven transformations, and five key points and four crucial steps are suggested to be intended with digital transformations. Third, three examples are considered to support the author’s claims. Those examples have to do with domains of high relevance, namely: (i) Education; (ii) Health Care; (iii) Finance-banking.
Beyond Bitcoin: The Economics of Digital Currencies and Blockchain Technologies (Chapter 8: Conclusions)

Concluding thoughts and outlook for the future of the technologies affording digital currencies, cryptocurrencies, blockchain and smart contracts. For Chapter 1 (Introduction), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3135021. For Chapter 2 (Means of Exchange: Ever-present Competition), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3135028. For Chapter 3 (Platform-based Currencies), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3135030. For Chapter 4 (Bitcoin and Emergence of Cryptocurrencies), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3135043. For Chapter 5 (The Rich Land of Crypto), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3135057. For Chapter 6 (Smart Contracts and Blockchain), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3894110. For Chapter 7 (Enterprise Blockchains), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3894117. For Chapter 8 (Conclusions: Future Full of Possibilities), see https://ssrn.com/abstract=3894118.
Cross-sectional associations between adipose tissue depots and areal bone mineral density in the UK Biobank imaging study

The relationship between obesity and osteoporosis is poorly understood. In this study, we assessed the association between adiposity and bone. The fat–bone relationship was dependent on sex, body mass index classification, and menopausal status. Results highlight the importance of accounting for direct measures of adiposity (beyond BMI) and menopause status. Assess the relationship between direct measures of adiposity (total body fat mass, visceral adipose tissue, and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue) with the whole body and clinically relevant bone sites of the lumbar spine, and femoral neck areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in men and women. This cross-sectional analysis was conducted utilizing de-identified data from the UK Biobank on participants (n = 3674) with available dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. Sex-stratified multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between adiposity measures and aBMD outcomes, controlling for age, race, total body lean mass (DXA), height, BMI class, physical activity, smoking, menopausal status (women), and hormone use (women). In men, significant interactions were observed between measures of adiposity and BMI on aBMD for the whole body and lumbar spine. Interactions indicated a positive relationship between adiposity and aBMD in men classified as normal weight, but an inverse relationship in men with elevated BMI. In women, significant interactions between adiposity measures and menopausal status were observed primarily for the whole body and femoral neck aBMD bone outcomes which indicated a negative relationship between adiposity and aBMD in premenopausal women, but a positive relationship in postmenopausal women. Total body adiposity, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue, and visceral adipose tissue were all significantly associated with aBMD in both men and women. The strength and direction of association were dependent on sex, BMI classification, and menopausal status (women).
Waves of Disaster: The Normalization of exceptionality and (In)Security in Puerto Rico

Puerto Rico’s (PR) recent history (from 2016 to 2020) and its experience with a continuity of crises and disasters demonstrate the normalization of the use of the state of exception and executive o...
COPCS: Higher Education Institutions as Community Development Actors

Partnerships between communities and institutions of higher education are emblematic of a general trend in community development over the past two decades toward public-private partnerships. As the federal government moved away from large-scale revitalization policy principles and toward more locally based solutions, it sought to prescribe local involvement in decision making through legislation, either by incentive or by mandate. Public-private partnerships can be powerfully effective in defining community problems and developing solutions to those problems; however, because of the number and nature of partnerships, the lines of responsibility are often blurred. Partnerships between institutions of higher learning and communities, therefore, both reap the benefits and suffer the burdens of the public-private partnership model in general.HUD's COPC program is representative of a general movement within community development that calls for the use of social capital to alleviate economic problems in communities. Closely aligned with the place-based theory of community development, the social capital theory seeks to engage communities in self-assessment to first determine the assets unique to them and then strategize ways in which bridges and links to other community assets can be built. The COPC program, by encouraging institutions of higher education to see themselves as community actors, seeks to draw the line between these institutions and their host communities.As the transition from traditional to community economic development continues, the role of the postsecondary educational institution must also adapt to make meaningful contributions to a place-based development model. To be truly successful community development collaborators, colleges and universities, like communities, must focus on the assets that make them unique.
Studies on the intoxication pathway of tetanus toxin in the rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell line. Binding, internalization, and inhibition of acetylcholine release.

Abstract Tetanus toxin was found to be a potent inhibitor of neurosecretion in the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12, a system in which biochemical and functional studies could be performed in parallel. Incubation of the cells with 10 nM tetanus toxin (3 h) led to an inhibition of acetylcholine release by 75-80% when evoked by 200 microM veratridine, 1 mM carbachol, or 2 mM Ba2+. The main characteristics of the inhibition process are: 1) the toxin is very potent, with threshold doses of 10 pM; 2) the action of toxin is blocked at low temperature (0 degrees C) and by antitoxin; 3) the effects are dose- and time-dependent; 4) a concentration-dependent lag phase precedes the onset of the inhibitory effects. Thus the PC12 cultures are a valid system for studies on the underlying molecular process in tetanus action. This system was exploited by the use of long term incubation studies to examine the processes responsible for the lag phase. When cells were incubated with 0.1 nM 125I-tetanus toxin, cell-associated toxin reached a plateau of 16 fmol of toxin/mg of protein, yet the toxic effects did not appear until 12 h. Further, PC12 cells were found to rapidly internalize tetanus toxin, with a half-life of 1-2 min, once it was bound to the surface of the cells. Thus, the lag phase results from steps that occur in the intracellular compartment after internalization. An important discovery was that the differentiation state of the PC12 cells was a critical factor in determining sensitivity to tetanus toxin. Cells that were cultured with nerve growth factor for 8-12 days were very sensitive to toxin. In contrast, acetylcholine release from nondifferentiated, autodifferentiated, or dexamethasone-treated cultures was insensitive to tetanus toxin. Since differential expression of high affinity tetanus toxin receptors cannot explain these results, it is concluded that PC12 cells are capable of expressing different forms of excitation-secretion coupling mechanisms. Tetanus toxin should prove a valuable probe to further distinguish these processes.
Polynomial Response Surface Approximations for the Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of a High Speed Civil Transport

Surrogate functions have become an important tool in multidisciplinary design optimization to deal with noisy functions, high computational cost, and the practical difficulty of integrating legacy disciplinary computer codes. A combination of mathematical, statistical, and engineering techniques, well known in other contexts, have made polynomial surrogate functions viable for MDO. Despite the obvious limitations imposed by sparse high fidelity data in high dimensions and the locality of low order polynomial approximations, the success of the panoply of techniques based on polynomial response surface approximations for MDO shows that the implementation details are more important than the underlying approximation method (polynomial, spline, DACE, kernel regression, etc.). This paper selectively surveys some of the ancillary techniques—statistics, global search, parallel computing, variable complexity modeling—that augment the construction and use of polynomial surrogates.
Disparities in Mental Health Referral and Diagnosis in the New York City Jail Mental Health Service.

Objectives. To better understand jail mental health services entry, we analyzed diagnosis timing relative to solitary confinement, nature of diagnosis, age, and race/ethnicity.Methods. We analyzed 2011 to 2013 medical records on 45 189 New York City jail first-time admissions.Results. Of this cohort, 21.2% were aged 21 years or younger, 46.0% were Hispanic, 40.6% were non-Hispanic Black, 8.8% were non-Hispanic White, and 3.9% experienced solitary confinement. Overall, 14.8% received a mental health diagnosis, which was associated with longer average jail stays (120 vs 48 days), higher rates of solitary confinement (13.1% vs 3.9%), and injury (25.4% vs 7.1%). Individuals aged 21 years or younger were less likely than older individuals to receive a mental health diagnosis (odds ratio [OR] = 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.80, 0.93; P < .05) and more likely to experience solitary confinement (OR = 4.99; 95% CI = 4.43, 5.61; P < .05). Blacks and Hispanics were less likely than Whites to enter the menta...
Partial substitution of amino acids of a parenteral solution with tripeptides: Effects on parameters of protein nutrition in baboons☆

We previously showed that triglycine and trileucine are efficiently utilized when infused intravenously (IV) in baboons who are fed a complete diet orally. In the present experiments we investigated the utilization of these tripeptides in the context of total parenteral nutrition. A group of subhuman primates (baboon) was subjected sequentially to two forms of total parenteral nutrition, each for a period of six days. The only difference between the two periods was that in one, all amino acids were given in free form, and in the other, the glycine and leucine components of the amino acid mixture were replaced with triglycine and trileucine, respectively. During both experimental periods the infusion solution provided daily 100 calories/kg body weight and 2.5 g amino acids/kg body weight. There were no significant differences between nitrogen balance, plasma amino acid concentrations, or urinary excretion of amino acids for the two forms of parenteral nutrition. The only exceptions were a greater plasma concentration of isoleucine and a greater urinary excretion of leucine during infusion of the partial peptide solution. Assimilation of triglycine and trileucine under the conditions of total parenteral nutrition was assessed by determining concentrations of these peptides in plasma and urine. Trileucine was not found in plasma, and only 1.8% of the amount of trileucine infused appeared as trileucine and dileucine in urine. Triglycine was detected in plasma and 17.1% of the amount of triglycine infused was excreted in urine as triglycine and diglycine. These data suggest that assimilation of trileucine and triglycine under the conditions of our experiment was sufficiently efficient to meet the daily need for an essential amino acid (leucine) and for nitrogen (glycine).
Low-Power Control Strategies for Thin-Film Piezoelectric Micro-Robotic Actuators

Three low-power control strategies for piezoelectric actuators based on on-off or related switching control approaches are described. These strategies are targeted for leg actuation in autonomous micro-robots, where available power is severely constrained, below the power level that more conventional analog or pulse-width-modulation drive circuitry, switching rates, and/or sampling frequency would require. The first strategy optimizes the sequence of ‘on’ and ‘off’ transitions over a finite number of steps to minimize actuator energy while ensuring that a system moves to a desired set of final states. Transitions are selected via convex optimization by binary programming. The second strategy optimizes a set of commands to a drive circuit including charge recovery components to improve both power consumption and positioning accuracy, with optimal transitions chosen using mixed integer quadratic programming. The third strategy is proposed to account for modeling error using step to step adaptation of input sequences with limited sensor measurements.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
NO EVIDENCE FOR INCREASED RISK OF LASSA FEVER INFECTION IN HOSPITAL STAFF

A prospective serological study was undertaken in hospital personnel who care for Lassa fever (LF) patients in an endemic region of Sierra Leone, West Africa. Among personnel from three hospitals where barrier nursing is practised, antibody prevalence and seroconversion by age and sex were consistently equal to or lower than those of persons in nearby village populations. No group among hospital personnel evaluated by age, sex, contact, or occupational exposure was at higher risk than another. Hospital staff in Sierra Leone who care for LF patients using simple barrier nursing methods have no higher risk of infection than the local population. These findings support the proposal that patients with LF in non-endemic countries need not be confined to isolators.
Steady‐state moxalactam kinetics: Comparisons with other cephalosporins

Moxalactam is a new beta-lactam antimicrobial with an extended spectrum. Serum concentrations were determined in 14 patients at steady state using bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography methods. Mean peak and trough serum concentrations were 195 and 29.5 μg/ml for the 2-gm dose and 214 and 28.8 μg/mlfor the 3-gm dose. Peak and trough levels exceeded the minimum inhibitory concentration of the infecting bacteria in 100% and 67% of the patients. The 3-gm dose is recommended for infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other organisms with higher minimum inhibitory concentrations. Half-lifes ranged from 1.7 to 5.7 hr and reflected the varying renal functions of the patients. A relationship (r = 0.878, p < 0.001) between creatinine clearance and elimination rate constant was established by bivariant linear regression analysis. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1981) 30, 86–94; doi:10.1038/clpt.1981.131