cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parent-provider communication during hospitalization.

Parents and health care providers interact and communicate with each other during a child's hospitalization. The purpose of this study was to compare communication experiences of parents, nurses, and physicians. A unique aspect of this study involved combining three individual data sources into a collective unit of study (triad). Triads involved in the care of three children in the inpatient setting of an urban children's hospital served as the sample for this study ( n = 10). Participants were asked semistructured questions during face-to-face interviews. Findings included (a) the importance of providing information by health care providers using a caring and inclusive approach, (b) the benefits of establishing interpersonal connections and nurturing relationships, and (c) the identification of specific behaviors in all members of the triad that contribute to and sustain positively perceived communication. Future research directions examining triadic interactions, communication, and relationships among parents, nurses, and physicians are recommended.
MARITAL ADJUSTMENT: AN EXAMINATION OF SOME PREDICTIVE VARIABLES IN AN AUSTRALIAN SAMPLE

Identification of descriptive factors associated with marital happiness has often held few pr; cal implications for the marriage counselor. The present research investigated the relations between marital adjustment, values-systems, and self-concept for individuals and couples, suits indicate a high positive relationship between marital adjustment and self-concept, between marital adjustment and people-oriented values-systems for individuals. Marital adj ment was correlated with self-concept, and non-statistical data suggest a relationship betw marital adjustment and people-oriented values-systems when shared by spouses. Implicati for practising marriage counselors are developed. Research into marriage often tends to be of a sociological nature (e.g., Lasswell, 1974; Lively, 1969) rather than psychologically-oriented studies carried out in more general fields of counseling (Bergin, 1971; Smith and Glass, 1977). As such, the definition of predictive variables has occupied more publication space than the study of factors closely associated with the coun¬ seling of marital problems. Although many descriptions such as age when marrying (Lasswell, 1974), socio-economic background of spouses (Bernard, 1966; Gurin, Veroff and Feld, 1960), birth-order (Weller, Natan and Haze, 1974), number of children (Hurley and Palonen, 1967), and emotional stabi¬ lity (Burgess and Wallin, 1953; Rogers et al., 1970), has been postulated as * This research was carried out at the University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia, during 1977. ** Postgraduate student in educational psychology at The University of New England's Centre for Behavioural Studies, in Armidale, Australia. He taught for a number of years in Australian and African schools and has served as a School Vocational Guidance Officer. *** Lecturer in Counselling Psychology al The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia. She has taught in English schools and in U.S.A. served on the faculty al Eastern Michigan University and as acounsellor and program specialist at the The University of Michigan's Centre for Continuous Education of Women. Int J Adv Couns 3: 137-145 (1980) 0165-0653/80/0032-0137 $01.35. © Mart in us Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague. Printed in the Netherlands.
Population isolation exacerbates conservation genetic concerns in the endangered Amargosa vole, Microtus californicus scirpensis

Abstract The ability of a taxon to maintain adaptive flexibility in a stochastic environment is a function of the genetic diversity within the population. In small, fragmented populations, genetic variation can become depleted more quickly than in larger, more contiguous populations. Characterizing the patterns of genetic variation and differentiation associated with these processes is an important step in establishing conservation priorities. The Amargosa vole, Microtus californicus scirpensis, is an endangered rodent persisting in the small, fragmented marsh complex surrounding the Amargosa River near Death Valley, California. This naturally patchy system has existed since the end of the Pleistocene (approximately 10,000 y.b.p.), however, fragmentation has been exacerbated by recent anthropogenic changes. For this study, I used five nuclear microsatellite loci and the cytochrome- b region of the mitochondrial genome to quantify levels of genetic variation, population substructure, and patterns of gene flow in M.c. scirpensis. These data were compared to a broadly distributed subspecies, Microtus californicus sanctidiegi. Overall levels of nuclear genetic variation were significantly lower in M.c. scirpensis, whether measured in terms of diversity or heterozygosity, compared to more broadly distributed conspecifics. Moreover, only two haplotypes were recovered from the mitochondrial data with over 90% of the observed haplotypes being identical. Despite low genetic diversity, significant genetic subdivision among M.c. scirpensis populations was detected using both pairwise F ST and Bayesian clustering methods. Furthermore, isolation by distance analyses reveal that an important landscape feature, ephemeral tributaries, is critical for dispersal among population clusters. Recommendations for conservation management are presented.
Craniofacial growth in juvenile Macaca mulatta: a cephalometric study.

This paper describes a study of normal craniofacial growth of the juvenile rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). Serial data of 13 young monkeys of specific dental age were studied for a five month period by cephalometric radiography and the metallic implant technique. Growth patterns were described and localized growth changes quantified to determine the range of variability. Variability was found within areas of specific bones, e.g., the gonial region of the mandible, and in the relative degree of change of interbony relationships, e.g., maxillo-mandibular. There was generally less variability for most measures in this study than usually found in man. Compensatory factors, such as the adaptability of the dentition and the selective apposition and resorption of osseous surfaces minimized the occlusion expression of this observed variation, for all animals maintained a constant Class I molar relationship during the period studied.
Effect of oxygen on the ferromagnetism of Pd-Fe alloys

Abstract Low field ac susceptibility measurements are reported for a ferromagnetic Pd-0.4 at%Fe sample sublected to various oxygen anneals. Two very different effects are observed. Small amounts of oxygen, which seem to go quite readily into solution, dramatically increase the Curie temperature, but prolonged anneals at high oxygen pressure causes some form of internal oxidation making the sample paramagnetic. The two competing effects can be studied separately because they occur on very different time scales.
Severity Assessment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome (OSAS) in Pediatric Patients

Objective. To assess obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) severity among pediatric patients. Design. A retrospective review of charts and polysomnography (PSG) results. Measurements and main results. Apnea—hypopnea index (AHI) and the cumulative duration of sleep while O2SAT was 30, had mean lowest observed O2SAT values of 88% ± 8%, 85% ± 9%, 78% ± 12%, and 69% ± 13%, respectively. The patients spent a mean of 3.5% ± 9.2 % of their sleep time with O2SAT < 91%. AHI values showed a poor linear correlation with the lowest measured O2SAT values. Body mass index percentiles showed no significant linear correlation with AHI values or with the lowest measured values of O2SAT. Conclusion. Values of AHI cannot accurately predict severity of oxyhemoglobin desaturation in pediatric OSAS and vice versa. No significant correlation between body mass index percentiles and severity of OSAS was established.
Early Adolescent-Peer Group Fit, Peer Relations, and Psychosocial Competence: A Short-Term Longitudinal Study

At three points during the school year, 101 sixth graders were studied to examine the within- and across-time interrelations among (a) the goodness of fit between early adolescents' temperamental c...
A microRNA-dependent circuit controlling p63/p73 homeostasis: p53 family cross-talk meets therapeutic opportunity.

Benjamin Ory and Leif W. Ellisen * Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA Received: March 9, 2011; Accepted: March 23, 2011; Published: March 23, 2011; Keywords: p63, p73, microRNA, apoptosis, cisplatin, squamous cell carcinoma, triple-negative breast cancer, chemosensitivity Correspondence: Leif W. Ellisen, e-mail: // // Abstract The p53 family transcription factors p53, p63 and p73 make diverse contributions in development and cancer. Mutation or deletion of p53 is observed in the majority of human cancers. In contrast, p63 and p73 are not lost in cancer but mediate distinct genetic roles in normal and tumor-specific contexts: p73 promotes genome stability and mediates chemosensitivity, while p63 largely lacks these p53-like functions and instead promotes proliferation and cell survival. We recently uncovered a mechanism which maintains p63/p73 homeostasis within the epithelium through direct transcriptional regulation of microRNAs (miRs). We discovered that several of the top p63-regulated miRs target p73 for inhibition, including miR-193a-5p, a direct p63/p73 transcriptional target which is repressed by p63 and activated by p73 both in vitro and in vivo . The resulting feed-forward circuit involving p63, miR-193a-5p and p73 controls p73 levels, cell viability and DNA damage susceptibility in certain cancers including squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we discuss the evolutionary implications of this regulatory circuit, which may point to a general mechanism of miR-mediated cross-talk within transcription factor gene families. Additionally, we suggest that inducible chemoresistance mediated by this miR-dependent mechanism might be an attractive target for therapeutic intervention.
Dose reconstruction for an occupational cohort at the Savannah River nuclear facility: evaluation of a hybrid method.

The Savannah River Site (SRS) is the only nuclear facility in the United States that produces tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen. The purpose of the study was to derive annual tritium dose estimates for SRS employees through the development of a job-exposure matrix. The proposed method is unique in that along with qualitative information on job, area and time of employment, it utilises recorded annual whole-body dose measures, when available, in order to estimate doses from tritium intakes of the monitored workers. Using information from 75 253 dose measures for the period 1954-1978, the average proportion of the whole-body dose that was due to tritium intake was calculated; these proportions were allowed to vary by job, area and time period. This information was used to assign tritium dose levels for 43 590 employment-years. The collective estimated tritium dose was 4319 mSv compared with the total known tritium dose of 17 382 mSv. The correlation (R 2 ) of estimated tritium dose with known tritium dose was 0.68.
Specification of interface interaction objects

User Interface Management Systems have significantly reduced the effort required to build a user interface. However, current systems assume a set of standard "widgets" and make no provisions for defining new ones. This forces user interface designers to either do without or laboriously build new widgets with code. The Interface Object Graph is presented as a method for specifying and communicating the design of interaction objects or widgets. Two sample specifications are presented, one for a secure switch and the other for a two dimensional graphical browser.
Liquid‐Type Cathode Enabled by 3D Sponge‐Like Carbon Nanotubes for High Energy Density and Long Cycling Life of Li‐S Batteries

High energy density and long-term stability of Li-S batteries are achieved by employing a 3D sponge-like carbon nanotube cathode and a liquid-type polysulfide catholyte. Carbon nanotubes not only provide excellent electron pathways and polysulfide reservoirs, but they can also be used as a standalone cathode without current collectors, which greatly alleviates problems arising from insulating sulfur and polysulfide shuttles as well as remarkably increasing the energy density.
Institutional analysis and decentralization : developing an analytical framework for effective Third World administrative reform

As we enter the 1990s, scholars and practitioners of development administration in the Third World share a deep concern with its disappointing performance. Looked to as the primary agent of modernization during the optimistic first days of independence, many now blame it for the development stagnation of much of the Third World over the past two decades. Reinforced by the events of 1989 in Eastern Europe, calls for privatization and radical cutbacks in the state are increasing. Indeed, while the causes of Third World development stagnation are undoubtedly multiple and diverse, it is difficult to refute the charge that the hierarchical, bureaucratic, centrally-led strategy has not achieved what was expected of it. The question which faces responsible and concerned scholars, practitioners and officials today, is what can and should be done about all this? This paper recommends avoiding grand and precipitous changes in organizational strategies: indiscriminate privatization and dismantling the state, it argues, would be just as much an error as the earlier whole-cloth commitment to centralist-bureaucratic organization. Instead it argues that theoretical and analytical tools effective in making more subtle and refined choices among institutional alternatives must be developed. It presents a preliminary analysis of one strategy which might offer this, and illustrates how it can be used to design organizations more likely successfully to deliver services and sustain investments in the Third World.
Fully integrated active RC filters in MOS technology

A fully integrated continuous-time low-pass filter has been fabricated with CMOS technology. The device implements an active RC network using integrated capacitors and MOS transistors operated in the nonsaturation region as voltage-controlled resistors. The filter topology is fully balanced for good linearity and for good power supply rejection. The cutoff frequency is voltage adjustable around 3 kHz, allowing compensation for process and temperature variations. For 5-V power supplies a dynamic range of over 94 dB has been achieved.
Curved surface contact patches with quantified uncertainty

We introduce a set of 10 bounded curved-surface patch types suitable for modeling local contact regions both in the environment and on a robot. We present minimal geometric parameterizations using the exponential map for spatial pose both in the usual 6DoF case and also for patches with revolute symmetry that have only 5DoF. We then give an algorithm to fit any patch type to point samples of a surface, with quantified uncertainty both in the input points (including nonuniform variance, common in data from range sensors) and in the output patch. Finally, we outline how such patches can be composed into a spatial patch map of the available contact surfaces both on and around a robot.
TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE VERSUS TRANSURETHRAL ELECTROVAPORIZATION OF THE PROSTATE: A BLINDED, PROSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH 1-YEAR FOLLOWUP

AbstractPurpose: Transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate has been increasingly used as a surgical adjunct in the management of men with lower urinary tract symptoms. In this prospective study we compare the safety and efficacy of transurethral resection of the prostate and electrovaporization.Materials and Methods: We compared 32 consecutive men (mean age 68.9 years) with lower urinary tract symptoms treated by transurethral electrovaporization of the prostate to a cohort of 32 men (mean age 72.8 years) treated by transurethral resection of the prostate. Parameters of evaluation included American Urological Association symptom score, peak urinary flow rate, adverse events, including serial changes in serum hematocrit and sodium, operative time, postoperative catheterization time, hospitalization time and days lost from work. The data were analyzed by an investigator who was blinded to which procedure was performed.Results: A total of 61 patients were evaluable for followup at 1 year. None requir...
An organ and effective dose study of XVI and OBI cone-beam CT systems

The main purpose of this work was to quantify patient organ doses from the two kilovoltage cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems currently available on medical linear accelerators, namely the X-ray Volumetric Imager (XVI, Elekta Oncology Systems) and the On-Board Imager (OBI, Varian Medical Systems). Organ dose measurements were performed using a fiber-optic coupled (FOC) dosimetry system along with an adult male anthropomorphic phantom for three different clinically relevant scan sites: head, chest, and pelvis. The FOC dosimeter was previously characterized at diagnostic energies by Hyer et al. [Med Phys 2009;36(5):1711-16] and a total uncertainty of approximately 4% was found for in-phantom dose measurements. All scans were performed using current manufacturer-installed clinical protocols and appropriate bow-tie filters. A comparison of image quality between these manufacturer-installed protocols was also performed using a Catphan 440 image quality phantom. Results indicated that for the XVI, the dose to the lens of the eye (1.07 mGy) was highest in a head scan, thyroid dose (19.24 mGy) was highest in a chest scan, and gonad dose (29 mGy) was highest in a pelvis scan. For the OBI, brain dose (3.01 mGy) was highest in a head scan, breast dose (5.34 mGy) was highest in a chest scan, and gonad dose (34.61 mGy) was highest in a pelvis scan. Image quality measurements demonstrated that the OBI provided superior image quality for all protocols, with both better spatial resolution and low-contrast detectability. The measured organ doses were also used to calculate a reference male effective dose to allow further comparison of the two machines and imaging protocols. The head, chest, and pelvis scans yielded effective doses of 0.04, 7.15, and 3.73 mSv for the XVI, and 0.12, 1.82, and 4.34mSv for the OBI, respectively.
Rock & rails: extending multi-touch interactions with shape gestures to enable precise spatial manipulations

Direct touch manipulations enable the user to interact with the on-screen content in a direct and easy manner closely mimicking the spatial manipulations in the physical world. However, they also suffer from well-known issues of precision, occlusion and an inability to isolate different degrees of freedom in spatial manipulations. We present a set of interactions, called Rock & Rails, that augment existing direct touch manipulations with shape-based gestures, thus providing on-demand gain control, occlusion avoidance, and separation of constraints in 2D manipulation tasks. Using shape gestures in combination with direct-manipulations allows us to do this without ambiguity in detection and without resorting to manipulation handles, which break the direct manipulation paradigm. Our set of interactions were evaluated by 8 expert graphic designers and were found to be easy to learn and master, as well as effective in accomplishing a precise graphical layout task.
Elevated CO2 and nitrogen supply alter leaf longevity of grassland species

Summary • The longevity of green leaf area for 10 grassland species was measured to establish whether elevated CO 2 and N fertilization alter leaf longevity, an important determinant of ecosystem leaf area and ecosystem carbon gain. • Plants were selected from monocultures in their second year of growth in a field experiment that directly manipulated atmospheric CO 2 (550 ppm and ambient) and nitrogen fertilization (4 g N m - 2 and ambient). Leaves were censused biweekly over a 4-month period. • Leaf longevity increased under elevated CO 2 ( + 3.4 d, P = 0.03) and decreased under elevated N ( - 4.2 d, P = 0.03). Leaf longevity increased under elevated CO 2 for C 3 species only; there was no change in leaf longevity of C 4 species under elevated CO 2 . For both CO 2 and N, changes in leaf longevity were congruent with expectations based on observed changes in N cycling. • In addition to supplies of resources such as CO 2 and N, site fertility and the develop ment of ecoystem feedbacks appear to be important in determining leaf longevity.
Placebo-controlled, blinded comparison of antenatal betamethasone on mouse liver development.

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate, in a placebo-controlled manner, the developing mouse liver after antenatal exposure either to a single dose or to a multidose of betamethasone. Ninety gravid CD-1 mice were randomly divided into three groups (n = 30/group) to receive either saline (0.25 mL sc) or betamethasone (0.10 mg sc) as a single dose on gestational day (GD) 14 of a 19-day gestation or as a 0.10 mg dose given twice daily on GD 14 and on GD 15 (4 doses). GD 0 is defined by the presence of a copulatory plug. These exposures of betamethasone cause fetal mouse lung maturation as would be observed in premature humans at 24–34 weeks of gestation. The livers were removed either from the fetuses on GD 16.5 or from the offspring on postnatal day 1, 3, 5, and 120. Special stains were used to evaluate hepatocyte architecture, glycoprotein and glycogen content, extramedullary hematopoiesis and iron storage. Hepatocyte intranuclear DNA content, cell size, and cell shape were measured by image a...
Combined Private Practice of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine: An Analysis and Discussion of Some Personal Experiences

In the last ten years there has been a general tendency for pediatricians, intern ists, and general practitioners to include adolescents in their medical practices. The reasons for this tendency are threefold: (I) the general awareness that ado lescents do have problems, physical and emotional, that need medical attention different from that of adults or children: (2) starting with the establishment, in 1951, of the Adolescents' Unit by Dr. J. R. Gallagher at the Children's Hospital Medical Center, Boston, the importance and the feasibility of giving better medi cal care to adolescents are being appreciated both by the public and the medical profession; (3) the rapid advances in the biological and behavioral sciences are making many physicians dissatisfied with practice or research which has an age limit. Pediatricians like to know what happens to their patients after adolescence is reached, and internists like to know the how and the why behind their adult patients' physical and mental conditions.
Burrowing Behavior in Mud and Sand of Morphologically Divergent Polychaete Species (Annelida: Orbiniidae)

Muddy and sandy sediments have different physical properties. Muds are cohesive elastic solids, whereas granular beach sands are non-cohesive porous me- dia. Infaunal organisms such as worms that burrow through sediments therefore face different mechanical challenges that potentially lead to a variety of burrowing strategies and morphologies. In this study we compared three morpholog- ically distinct polychaete species representing different clades in the family Orbiniidae and related differences in their burrowing behaviors and morphologies to their natural environments (mud or sand). Worms burrowed in transpar- ent analogs for muds and sands, and kinematic analysis showed differences both among species and between mate- rials. Leitoscoloplos pugettensis lives in mud and burrows by fracture, using its pointed head to concentrate stress at the tip of the burrow. Naineris dendritica lives in sand and uses its broader head that fluctuates in width over a bur- rowing cycle to decrease backward slipping in sand, poten- tially preventing burrow collapse. Orbinia johnsoni lives in sand and uses internal body expansions to pack sand grains, another mechanism to prevent burrow collapse. By combin- ing data from species and materials to obtain a broad range of burrowing velocities, we show that burrowing worms control their velocity by increasing or decreasing their bur- rowing frequency rather than by altering cycle distance as shown previously for crawling earthworms. This study demonstrates how fairly small evolutionary divergences in morphologies and behaviors facilitate locomotion in envi- ronments with different physical constraints.
Separation of Metals from Sulfated Deep-Sea Ferromanganese Nodules with Organic Precipitating Reagents and Adsorptive Bubble Techniques

Abstract Organic precipitating reagents and adsorptive bubble techniques were used to separate copper, cobalt, nickel, and manganese from the leach liquors of sulfated deep-sea ferromanganese nodules. Recoveries of the four elements were examined as a function of pH and the quantity of the organic precipitating reagent added. Three reagents were studied: 8-hydroxyquinoline, ammonium 1-pyrrolidine-dithio-carbamate, and dithizone.
Challenging the Mean Time to Failure: Measuring Dependability as a Mean Failure Cost

As a measure of system reliability, the mean time to failure falls short on many fronts: it ignores the variance in stakes among stakeholders; it fails to recognize the structure of complex specifications as the aggregate of overlapping requirements; it fails to recognize that different components of the specification carry different stakes, even for the same stakeholder; it fails to recognize that V& V actions have different impacts with respect to the different components of the specification. Similar metrics of security, such as MTTD (Mean Time to Detection) and MTTE (Mean Time to Exploitation) suffer from the same shortcomings. In this paper we advocate a measure of dependability that acknowledges the aggregate structure of complex system specifications, and takes into account variations by stakeholder, by specification components, and by V& V impact.
Factor Structure of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms for Children Age 3 to 5 Years.

The diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) distinguishes two dimensions of symptoms, inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity for ages 3 to adulthood. Currently, no separate classification for preschool-age children exists, whereas preliminary research suggests that the two-factor structure of ADHD may not match the presentation of symptoms in a preschool sample. The present study explored this incongruity by examining the factor structure of the 18 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text rev; DSM-IV-TR) ADHD symptoms on the ADHD-Rating Scale-IV–Preschool Version within a normative preschool sample (n = 976). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed on results from teacher and parent ratings. The findings indicate a three-factor model, inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity, for the presentation of ADHD in preschoolers based on both parent and teacher report data.
Changes in RNA polymerase II progression influence somatic hypermutation of Ig-related genes by AID

Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of Ig genes is initiated by the activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), and requires target gene transcription. We previously proposed that AID may associate with the RNA polymerase II (Pol). Here, to determine aspects of the transcription process required for SHM, we knocked-in a transcription terminator into an Ig gene variable region in DT40 chicken B cell line. We found that the human β-globin terminator was an efficient inhibitor of downstream transcription in these cells. The terminator reduced mutations downstream of the poly(A) signal, suggesting that the process of transcription is essential for efficient SHM and that AID has better access to its target when Pol is in the elongating rather than terminating mode. Mutations upstream of the poly(A) site were almost doubled in the active terminator clones compared with an inactivated terminator, and this region showed more single-stranded DNA, indicating that Pol pausing assists SHM. Moreover, the nontranscribed DNA strand was the preferred SHM target upstream of the active terminator. Pol pausing during poly(A) site recognition may facilitate persistence of negative supercoils, exposing the coding single strand and possibly allowing the nascent RNA intermittent reannealing with the template strand, for prolonged access of AID.
Best faces forward: a large-scale study of people search in the enterprise

This paper presents Faces, an application built to enable effective people search in the enterprise. We take advantage of the popularity Faces has gained within a globally distributed enterprise to provide an extensive analysis of how and why people search is used within the organization. Our study is primarily based on an analysis of the Faces query log over a period of more than four months, with over a million queries and tens of thousands of users. The analysis results are presented across four dimensions: queries, users, clicks, and actions, and lay the foundation for further advancement and research on the topic.
Feasibility of a Customized, In-Home, Game-Based Stroke Exercise Program Using the Microsoft Kinect® Sensor.

The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of a 6-week, game-based, in-home telerehabilitation exercise program using the Microsoft Kinect® for individuals with chronic stroke. Four participants with chronic stroke completed the intervention based on games designed with the customized Mystic Isle software. The games were tailored to each participant’s specific rehabilitation needs to facilitate the attainment of individualized goals determined through the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure. Likert scale questionnaires assessed the feasibility and utility of the game-based intervention. Supplementary clinical outcome data were collected. All participants played the games with moderately high enjoyment. Participant feedback helped identify barriers to use (especially, limited free time) and possible improvements. An in-home, customized, virtual reality game intervention to provide rehabilitative exercises for persons with chronic stroke is practicable. However, future studies are necessary to determine the intervention’s impact on participant function, activity, and involvement.
Dual Diagnosis Enhanced Programs

In 2001, the American Society of Addiction Medicine Patient Placement Criteria, Second Edition, Revised (ASAM PPC-2R) (American Society of Addiction Medicine, 2001) introduced the concepts of dual ...
The Neurobehavioral Consequences of Kindling

Diverse neural alterations are responsible for and a consequence of seizures, epileptogenesis and epilepsy. Many of these changes are transient and tied to the seizures, themselves, while others are more permanent in nature and thought to reflect the long-term epileptogenic state. Seizures are characterized by the sudden and excessive discharge of neuronal activity [42]; epileptogenesis is the process by which distinct seizure events increase the likelihood of recurrence; epilepsy is the resulting disorder of recurrent seizures. The behavioral disturbances that are associated with each of these in certain measures of learning, memory and cognition have been fairly well characterized [9, 10, 22, 49, 52, 54, 55, 60]. The bulk of the data, however, has been collected from non-brain injured subjects with epilepsy (in the case of humans) or experimentally-induced models of epilepsy (in the case of animals). Much scarcer are studies assessing the neurobehavioral consequences of seizures or epileptogenesis following brain damage [3, 19], and their impact on functional recovery [20, 24, 39, 40]. Depending upon the severity, brain injuries carry a degree of risk for post-traumatic seizures (i.e., non-recurrent seizure(s) following brain injury) and post-traumatic epilepsy (i.e., recurrent seizures that cannot be linked to causes other than the brain injury). These issues are significant given the high incidence of brain injury each year, 1.5–2 million [44, 69] and the overall increase in survival rates following brain injury [70]. At the same time, fire-arm associated mortal injuries now surpass those of motor vehicles [70]. This increase in the type of brain injuries (e.g., penetrating missile type) that carry the highest risk for post-traumatic epilepsy translates into more individuals with both brain damage-associated morbidity and a high propensity for post-traumatic epilepsy.
Can We Resolve the Disconnect Between How Communication Interventions Work and How We Evaluate Them

This issue of Health Education & Behavior carries an article by Livingood, Allegrante, and Green (2016), “Culture Change From Tobacco Accommodation to Intolerance: Time to Connect the Dots,” which describes the underappreciated role of health communication in the transformation of the social and cultural norms around tobacco smoking, from widespread acceptance and accommodation of smoking to its growing denormalization and stigmatization. Why has the contribution of health communication to this public health success remained largely unrecognized? The authors argue that the reason lies in the mismatch between how effective health communication campaigns work and how they are typically evaluated. Unlike drugs or treatment interventions that have a direct effect on individuals, health communication interventions work through multiple routes and affect outcomes on several levels—community, group, and individual. In contrast, the standard of intervention evaluation—randomized clinical trial (RCT)—focuses on linear cause-and-effect and individual outcomes. This criticism of the RCTs’ focus on individual behavior and internal validity at the expense of more complex causal mechanisms and external validity is not new (Mercer, DeVinney, Fine, Green, & Dougherty, 2007; Sanson-Fisher, Bonevski, Green, & D’Este, 2007). Past studies have found that the majority of health promotion interventions focused on and evaluated individual behavior (Golden & Earp, 2012; Pons-Vigues et al., 2014). In the book Public Health Communication: Evidence for Behavior Change, Hornik (2002) cautioned against designing and evaluating media interventions as if they were pills designed to cure a disease. He reviewed the contradictory research findings on the effects of health communication campaigns where highly controlled RCTs showed minimal results but the uncontrolled observational studies revealed large effects in changing behavior and argued that the inability of RCTs to find large effects stems from the design’s inattention to how communication campaigns really work.
Contraception by means of a silastic vaginal ring impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate.

Cylindrical rings made of silicone rubber, which were impregnated with medroxyprogesterone acetate were placed in the vaginas of 3 regularly menstruating subjects on the first cycle day. During the 28 days that these rings were in place, there was continuous systemic absorption of the progestogen as determined by elevation of the BBT (basal body temperature), shift in maturation index, abolition of the midcycle LH peak, and alteration of the endometrial histology. Following removal of the rings, there was a prompt termination of drug activity as determined by withdrawal bleeding and a fall in the BBT. Presumptive evidence of ovulation followed shortly thereafter. It is hoped to develop this method of administering a progestational steroid for the purpose of family planning.
Evolution of Noninvasive Testing for the Detection of Cardiac Allograft Rejection

Early detection and treatment of allograft rejection remains the most crucial aspect of transplant management, given the high mortality in patients with acute rejection associated with allograft dysfunction. Even twenty-five years after its introduction by Caves and associates,1 endomyocardial biopsy still remains the most reliable and frequent technique to assess allograft rejection. Unfortunately, this early diagnosis requires up to 20 biopsies per patient within the first year after cardiac transplantation. Aside from its obvious costs, there is patient discomfort and potential risk form the multiple invasive procedures. Moreover, endomyocardial biopsy may not predict the occurrence of clinically significant acute allograft rejection ina small number of patients. Accordingly, the search for new and noninvasive techniques for the diagnosis of cardiac allograft rejection has continued to receive much interest
Toxicity and Anticholinesterase Activity of Halogenated Organophosphates to Boettcherisca peregrina

The contact and injection toxicities of 8 halogenated OP insecticides: Ciba C-8874 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O, O -diethyl phosphorothioate); C-11043 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O, O -diethyl phosphate); Ciba C-11044 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O -ethyl O -methyl phosphorothioate); Ciba C-18246 ( O-(2,5- dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O -methyl methylphosphonothioate); Ciba C-14812 ( O -(2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O -methyl ethylphosphonothioate) ; Ciba C-18244 ( O- (2,5-dichloro-4-iodophenyI) O -ethyl ethylphosphonothioate); Ciba C-I7209 ( O -(2,6-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O, O -dimethyl phosphorothioate); and Ciba C-17210, ( O -(2, 6-dichloro-4-iodophenyl) O, O- diethyl phosphorothioate) to female Boettcherisca peregrina (Robineau-Desvoidy) were investigated. The in vitro and in vivo anticholinesterase activities of these insecticides also were investigated. On the basis of the LD50 values, the order of contact toxicity of the insecticides was: C-11046 = C-11044 = C-8874 = C-11044 > C-18244 > C-17209 > C-17210 > C-14812; C-11046 > C-8874; C-11043 > C-11044; and the order of injection toxicity was: C-11043 = C-11046 > C-11044 > C-8874 > C-18244 > C-17209 > C-14812 > C-1710. Generally, the insecticides were slightly more toxic after injection than after topical application. The natural head cholinesterase activity as measured by the amount of head brei causing 80% hydrolysis of acetyl-choline chloride in 30 minutes was 6.0 mg. The high in vitro anticholinesterase activity of the phosphate C-11043 was comparable to its high contact and injection toxicity, but there was no correlation between toxicity and in vitro anticholinesterase activity of either the phosphorothioates or the phosphonothioates. Neither was there any correlation between toxicity and in vivo head cholinesterase inhibition. Head cholinesterase inhibition was more rapid after injection, and maximum inhibition was reached earlier than after topical application. In general, there was little or no reactivation of the cholinesterase.
Heller’s Either/Or Continuing a recent debate between Ágnes Heller and Richard J. Bernstein

The question ‘How does a person make an ethical decision?’ becomes all the more compelling and problematic when trying to behave ethically during, as Agnes Heller puts it, ‘the total breakdown of “...
Achievement Gaps for Students with Disabilities: Stable, Widening, or Narrowing on a State-Wide Reading Comprehension Test?.

Reading comprehension growth trajectories from 3rd to 7th grade were estimated for 99,919 students on a state reading comprehension assessment. We examined whether differences between students in general education (GE) and groups of students identified as exceptional learners were best characterized as stable, widening, or narrowing. The groups included students with disabilities (SWD) from 8 exceptionality groups and 2 groups of academically gifted students (AG). Initial reading comprehension achievement differed for all exceptionalities. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, small, but statistically significant differences in growth rate were observed, with SWD groups growing more rapidly and AG groups growing more slowly than GE students. Given that differences in growth for SWD were small relative to the magnitude of the initial achievement gaps, the observed pattern of growth was one of stable differences. There was evidence of some narrowing of the achievement gap for students identified with learning disabilities in reading. The findings were interpreted within the simple view of reading where increases in word recognition skills for SWD in the grade range examined may have accounted for their more rapid growth in reading comprehension relative to GE students. The findings suggest that similar expectations for rate of reading growth for GE students and SWD might be incorporated into growth-based accountability models, but they also suggest that reading comprehension growth sufficient to have an impact on SWD achievement gaps does not routinely occur in typical educational practice. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Effect of K,Na,Cl on softening property of hot blast stove refractory material

Based on thermodynamic analysis,the distribution of K,Na and Cl in hot blast stove refractory material were analyzed. Causes of softening contraction of refractory material were studied and measures to avoid softening breakage were put forward. The results show that after seeping into the refractory materials,K and Na react with Al2O3 and Si O2 generating low melting point compound and HCl reacts with Al2O3 to generate gaseous chloride,which is the main cause of refractory materials softening contraction. Refractory materials surface treatment,using low chloride additives in sinter and changing broken bag in time are the main measures to prevent refractory materials from softening.
Clinical observation of the formation of fatty liver after anti-tuberculosis treatment

AIM:To understand the Occurrence mechanism of the anti-tuberculosis druginduced fatty liver and drug-induced liver injury(DILI).METHODS:200tuberculosis(TB)patients were received,liver function and serum lipid were monitored before and after anti-TB treatment,underwent X-ray computer tomography scan fatty liver before and complete treatment.The experimental data were treated statistically.RESULTS::The incidence of fatty liver was 28.00%(56/200)and the incidence of DILI was 32.00%(64/200)after treatment.The serum ALT,AST levels after treatment were higher than those before treatment(P0.05).The ALT levels after treatment in first,second,third months,AST levels after treatment in first,second,third,fourth months was the most statistically significant difference than before treatment(P 0.01).TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,apoB levels were significantly higher than that before treatment(P0.05).The TG levels after treatment in second,third,fourth months,LDL-C levels after treatment in third,fouth months,apoB in first,second,third,fourth,fifth months was the most significant than before treatment(P0.01).The increase of ALT,AST levels in the serum were significantly postive correlation with the levels of TG,apoB,HDL-C,LDL-C(P0.05,P0.01).CONCLUSION:The formation of fatty liver suggests DILI has undergone in anti-tuberculosis treatment.To strengthen the monitoring of blood lipid indexes can,reduce the occurrence of DILI,prevent the formation of fatty liver,ensure the implementation scheme in treatment of tuberculosis.
Self-reported nap behavior and polysomnography at home in midlife women with and without insomnia.

Study Objectives: To describe self-reported nap behavior and relationships among nap history, nap behavior during the study, indicators of subjective and objective insomnia, and self-reported daytime sleepiness from data previously obtained in a week-long field study of sleep in midlife women with and without insomnia. Design: Descriptive/comparative secondary analysis. Setting: Individual homes of the participants. Participants: Midlife women (mean age 46±4 years) with self-reported insomnia (n=101) and women with adequate sleep (n=30). Interventions: N/A Measurements and Results: Sleep patterns were assessed by polysomnography (PSG), daily diaries, and a sleep history form. Although all women were requested not to nap, 47% of the women reported nap behavior during the study. Strong relationships were observed between a history of daytime naps and nap behavior (X 2 =25.63, p≤.001), and a history of feeling sleepy or struggling to stay awake during the daytime (i.e., sleepiness) and nap behavior (X 2 =18.05, p≤.001) during the study. There was also a modest significant (p≤.05) correlation (r=. 25) between tiredness and nap duration during the study. There were no statistical differences in sleep variables between the napping and non-napping groups. In the napping group, there were no differences between women with sleep efficiency 85%. Conclusions: Habitual nap behavior may be indicative of daytime sleepiness in women with insomnia, but it is not necessarily related to subjective or objective measures of insomnia. Women who routinely nap may be unable to refrain from napping during the daytime in long-term research studies.
Execution Monitoring in MT Icon

MT Icon allows the execution of multiple Icon programs in almost any configuration, including execution monitoring. As motivated in Chapter 4, MT Icon characterizes monitoring as a special case of multitasking execution in which the nature and extent of interprogram communication warrants additional language support. This chapter describes additional MT Icon facilities specifically added to support monitoring. After some relevant definitions, a description of the programming interface and underlying interpreter instrumentation are given.
Troubling Sociocultural Narrative Pedagogy: Implications for Art Educators

This article draws on a study with preservice art educators to offer theoretical perspectives on sociocultural narrative pedagogy. Informed by the work of Chicana feminist scholar Gloria Anzaldua, the authors identify three major phenomena that manifest within sociocultural narrative pedagogy: (1) disruptions, ruptures, and breakdowns, (2) silences, refusals, and resistances, and (3) paradoxes. The authors conclude that while narrative can be a powerful pedagogical tool for addressing sociocultural difference, it is also a troubling, often paradoxical, avenue for developing critical consciousness in preservice art educators.
Prediction of suicidal behavior in high risk psychiatric patients using an assessment of acute suicidal state: The suicide crisis inventory

Background We have developed the Suicide Crisis Inventory (SCI) to evaluate the intensity of the Suicidal Crisis Syndrome, an acute state hypothesized to precede suicide attempt. The psychometric properties of the SCI, including predictive validity for suicidal behavior (SB), were assessed. Methods Adult psychiatric patients (n = 201) hospitalized for high suicide risk were assessed. Logistic regression models assessed the SCI's predictive validity for SB in the 4–8 weeks following hospital discharge and its incremental predictive validity over traditional risk factors (n = 137, 64% f/u rate). Internal structure, reliability, convergent and discriminant validity, and state versus trait properties were also assessed. Results The SCI had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's α 0.970). The SCI total score at discharge predicted short-term SB with 64% sensitivity 88% specificity (OR = 13, P = .003) at its optimal cut score. In a test of its incremental predictive validity, SCI total score at discharge improved prediction of SB over traditional risk factors (Chi-squared 5.597, P = .024, model P = .001), with AOR 2.02 (P = .030). The SCI admission versus discharge test–retest reliability and score distributions showed it to be an acute state measure. Conclusion The SCI was predictive of future SB in high-risk psychiatric inpatients during the crucial weeks following their hospital discharge. Further validation in diverse patient populations is needed.
Posterior Root Meniscal Tears: Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Imaging for Transtibial Pullout Repair.

Transtibial pullout repair is a new arthroscopic technique to repair meniscal root tears, and knowledge of the surgical technique and meniscal root tear classifications can aid the radiologist in preoperative and postoperative imaging reporting.