cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Citizen Data Scientist: A Design Science Research Method for the Conduct of Data Science Projects

Firms are seeking to gain greater understanding of and insights into more and more massive quantities of data collected and stored in disparate public and private databases. To effectively and efficiently deploy project resources to the data science search activity and to consequently build and evaluate innovative artifacts, firms are finding that a Design Science Research (DSR) approach can extend into the Data Science (DS) project domain through an iterative, evaluative project management method for the diagnosing, design, implementation, and evolution of data science artifacts. Importantly, DSR also provides a guided, emergent search paradigm that can be integral to finding hidden insights in massive data where the problem and solution domains are both frequently poorly understood at the outset of the DS inquiry. This article examines a case for using the elaborated action design research (eADR) method to inform the DS project management (PM) approach in situ with a Fortune 100 Global Manufacturer. The innovative DS PM approach resulted in multiple innovative DS solution artifacts built and evaluated by a dozen DS PM teams at the firm over the first two years of the DS PM deployment.
When are egg-rejection cues perceived? A test using thermochromic eggs in an avian brood parasite host.

At the core of recognition systems research are questions regarding how and when fitness-relevant decisions made. Studying egg-rejection behavior by hosts to reduce the costs of avian brood parasitism has become a productive model to assess cognitive algorithms underlying fitness-relevant decisions. Most of these studies focus on how cues and contexts affect hosts’ behavioral responses to foreign eggs; however, the timing of when the cues are perceived for egg-rejection decisions is less understood. Here, we focused the responses of American robins Turdus migratorius to model eggs painted with a thermochromic paint. This technique modified an egg’s color with predictably varying temperatures across incubation: at the onset of incubation, the thermochromic model egg was cold and perceptually similar to a static blue model egg (mimicking the robin’s own blue–green egg color), but by the end of an incubation bout, it was warm and similar to a static beige egg (mimicking the ground color of the egg of the robin’s brood parasite, the brown-headed cowbird Molothrus ater). Thermochromic eggs were rejected at statistically intermediate rates between those of the static blue (mostly accepted) and static beige (mostly rejected) model eggs. This implies that at the population level, egg-rejection relevant cues are not perceived solely when arriving to or solely when departing from the nest. We also found that robins rejected their own eggs more often when exposed to color-changing model eggs relative to static eggs, suggesting that recognizing variable foreign eggs entails costly rejection errors for this host species.
Mental health awareness: Resources for everyone

Approximately one in five adults (19.1%) experienced mental illness in 2018. In my opinion, one of the reasons that only 43.3% of those individuals received any kind of treatment or services is the stigma surrounding mental illness. As information professionals, we are uniquely positioned to assist patrons with finding the information and resources they need in order to learn what mental illness is, what it is not, discover that they are not alone, and find the best treatment for their situation. Everyone suffering from mental illness needs to know that there is hope for them and that they don’t need to suffer alone. When people feel that there is no hope of relief, their mental illness can become fatal through suicide.
Effects of Perceived Public Regard on the Well-Being of Military Veterans:

Many military veterans face considerable challenges reintegrating into civilian life. Evidence suggests the general public holds conflicting attitudes toward veterans. This study examines how perce...
Fluoroscopically guided lumbar spine interlaminar and transforaminal epidural injections: inadvertent intravascular injection.

BackgroundInadvertent intravascular injection is a rare but catastrophic complication of lumbar epidural injections.PurposeTo determine risk factors for inadvertent intravascular injection in fluor...
Secondary Agriculture Residues Pretreatment Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

The purpose of this work is to investigate a new class of solvents for separating secondary agricultural residues, which have already been transported to processing centers, into individual biomass components. Using biocompatible deep eutectic solvents (DES) on secondary agricultural residues could valorize these wastes into bioproducts by separating lignin from cellulose. DES pretreatment to achieve this separation involves chemicals that are less hazardous for the environment than other pretreatments. Five deep eutectic solvents that are biocompatible have been investigated for their ability to deconstruct rice hulls and sugarcane bagasse. Mass yield, enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated biomass, fiber analysis, pKa analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to explore the effect of the DES on these secondary agricultural residues. Experimental results confirmed that the DES formic acid:choline chloride (FA:CC), lactic acid:choline chloride, and acetic acid:choline chloride were effective in removing lignin, thus concentrating cellulose in both pretreated biomass. Addition of water precipitated lignin from the spent DES, as confirmed by FTIR. However, the higher pKa DES lactic acid:betaine and lactic acid:proline had little effect on rice hulls or sugarcane bagasse. FA:CC was the most effective of the DES tested in preparing the biomass for enzymatic saccharification. All the effectively pretreated samples had higher inorganic content compared to the relevant raw biomass. DES with stronger acidity (lower pKa) were found to be more efficient for delignification, leading to higher glucose yield. Further work is required to determine how inorganics affect waste biomass pretreatment.
Lipid and protein corona of food-grade TiO2 nanoparticles in simulated gastrointestinal digestion

In the presence of biological matrices, engineered nanomaterials, such as TiO2, develop a biomolecular corona composed of lipids, proteins, etc. In this study, we analyzed the biocorona formed on the food grade TiO2 (E171) going through an in vitro simulated gastrointestinal digestion system in either a fasting food model (FFM), a standardized food model (SFM), or a high fat food model (HFFM). Lipids and proteins were extracted from the biocorona and underwent untargeted lipidomic and label-free shotgun proteomic analyses. Our results showed that the biocorona composition was different before and after food digestion. After digestion, more diverse lipids were adsorbed compared to proteins, most of which were the enzymes added to the simulated digestion system. The corona lipid profile was distinct from the digested food model they presented in, although similarity in the lipid profiles between the corona and the food matrix increased with the fat content in the food model. The corona formed in the two low-fat environments of FFM and SFM shared a higher degree of similarity while very different from their corresponding matrix, with some lipid species adsorbed with high enrichment factors, indicating specific interaction with the TiO2 surface outperforming lipid matrix concentration in determination of corona formation. Formation of the biocorona may have contributed to the reduced oxidative stress as well as toxicological impacts observed in cellular studies. The present work is the first to confirm persistent adsorption of biomolecules could occur on ingested nanomaterials in food digestae. More future studies are needed to study the in vivo impacts of the biocorona, and shed lights on how the biocorona affects the biotransformations and fate of the ingested nanomaterials, which may impose impacts on human health.
La ciudad del futuro como enigma. Cruces entre Di Benedetto, Bradbury y Truffaut

Este trabajo analiza el relato de ciencia ficcion “En busca de la mirada perdida”, de Antonio Di Benedetto, a partir de la consideracion de las relaciones que establece con la novela Fahrenheit 451, de Ray Bradbury, y con la version cinematografica que realizo de esa novela Francois Truffaut. Di Benedetto utiliza los andamiajes del genero para pensar la ciudad del futuro como enigma –es decir mas alla de toda respuesta univoca–, y traza una sintesis superadora de la novela de Bradbury y la pelicula de Truffaut, acercandose con su planteo a las problematicas propias de nuestro tiempo, como la de la consideracion de las posibilidades para la vida en comunidad, segun el uso que hacen de este concepto autores como Giorgio Agamben y Franco Berardi.
Does Sexual Violence Victimization Contribute to Deviant Behavior? A Test of General Strain Theory

According to general strain theory (GST), individuals engage in deviant behavior to reduce feelings of negative affect that occur because of strain. In this paper, we examine the relationship betwe...
Primary reverse shoulder arthroplasty in patients with metabolic syndrome is associated with increased rates of deep infection.

Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an abnormal physiological condition that has been increasingly identified as a risk factor for complications after orthopedic surgery. Given the lack of information on the effect of MetS in shoulder arthroplasty (SA), this investigation analyzed the rates of postoperative complications and implant survivorship free from reoperation and revision in patients with and without MetS. Methods Between 2007 and 2017, data from 4635 adults who underwent a primary SA were collected and classified based on the presence or absence of MetS. MetS was defined as the existence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a minimum of 2 of the following diagnoses: hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 within 1 year of surgery. Of the 4635 arthroplasties, 714 were performed in patients with MetS (anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty [aTSA] in 289 and reverse shoulder arthroplasty [RSA] in 425) and 3921 were performed in patients without MetS (aTSA in 1736 and RSA in 2185). Demographic characteristics, complications, reoperations, and revision surgery were compared. Results At a mean of follow-up of 4.5 ± 2.3 years, 67 MetS patients (9.4%) and 343 non-MetS patients (8.7%) had sustained at least 1 postoperative complication (P = .851). Rotator cuff failure was the most common complication overall, with 84 cases (1.8%) (15 MetS cases [2.1%] and 69 non-MetS cases [1.8%], P = .851), and in both MetS and non-MetS patients, followed by infection, with 68 cases (1.2%) (10 MetS cases [1.4%] and 58 non-MetS cases [1.2%], P = .913). For aTSAs, the most common complication was rotator cuff failure (84 shoulders, 1.8%); for RSAs, the most common complication was periprosthetic fracture (52 shoulders, 1.1%). In RSAs, the rates of deep infection (1.9% vs. 0.7%, P = .04), instability (3.1% vs. 1.5%, P = .04), and deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (0.5% vs. 0.3%, P = .03) were found to be significantly higher in patients with MetS than in those without MetS. Reoperations were observed in 36 MetS patients (5%) and 170 non-MetS patients (4.3%) (P = .4). Revisions were performed in 30 MetS patients (4.2%) and 127 non-MetS patients (3.2%) (P = .19). The Kaplan-Meier 5-year rate of survivorship free from reoperation, revision, and prosthetic joint infection was equal between groups. Conclusions A preoperative diagnosis of MetS in patients undergoing primary SA did not significantly increase the risk of postoperative complications, infection, reoperation, or revision following primary SA. However, in the RSA subgroup, complications were significantly more common in patients with MetS. Individual risk factors may be more appropriate than the umbrella diagnosis of MetS prior to aTSA.
A New Species of Bridled Darter Endemic to the Etowah River System in Georgia (Percidae: Etheostomatinae: Percina)

Percina freemanorum, the Etowah Bridled Darter, is described as a new species endemic to the Etowah River system in Georgia, specifically in Long Swamp Creek, Amicalola Creek, and the upper portion of the Etowah River. The earliest collection records for Percina freemanorum date to 1948 and in 2007 the species was delimited as populations of Percina kusha. Our investigation into the systematics of Percina kusha is motivated by the uncertain status of populations in the Coosawattee River system and observed morphological disparity in several meristic traits between populations in the Conasauga and Etowah River systems. Our analyses of morphological divergence, nuclear genotypes, and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplotype networks confirm the distinctiveness of Percina freemanorum. Morphologically, Percina freemanorum is distinguished from Percina kusha through lower average numbers of lateral line scales (65.4 vs. 72.3); rows of transverse scales (18.0 vs. 21.4); scales around the caudal peduncle (22.1 vs. 24.9); and modally more pectoral fin rays (14 vs. 13). The two species are not reciprocally monophyletic in phylogenetic analysis of mtDNA sequences, but the two species do not share mtDNA haplotypes. Analysis of up to 158,000 double digest restriction-site associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing loci resolve each of the two species as reciprocally monophyletic and genomic clustering analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms identifies two genetic clusters that correspond to the morphologically delimited Percina freemanorum and Percina kusha.
Crop diversity is associated with higher child diet diversity in Ethiopia, particularly among low-income households, but not in Vietnam.

OBJECTIVES To examine associations of household crop diversity with school-aged child dietary diversity in Vietnam and Ethiopia and mechanisms underlying these associations. DESIGN We created a child diet diversity score (DDS) using data on seven food groups consumed in the last 24 h. Generalised estimating equations were used to model associations of household-level crop diversity, measured as a count of crop species richness (CSR) and of plant crop nutritional functional richness (CNFR), with DDS. We examined effect modification by household wealth and subsistence orientation, and mediation by the farm's market orientation. SETTING Two survey years of longitudinal data from the Young Lives cohort. PARTICIPANTS Children (aged 5 years in 2006 and 8 years in 2009) from rural farming households in Ethiopia (n 1012) and Vietnam (n 1083). RESULTS There was a small, positive association between household CNFR and DDS in Ethiopia (CNFR-DDS, β = 0·13; (95 % CI 0·07, 0·19)), but not in Vietnam. Associations of crop diversity and child diet diversity were strongest among poor households in Ethiopia and among subsistence-oriented households in Vietnam. Agricultural earnings positively mediated the crop diversity-diet diversity association in Ethiopia. DISCUSSION Children from households that are poorer and those that rely more on their own agricultural production for food may benefit most from increased crop diversity.
Durability of Cryoballoon Ablation in Neoplastic Barrett's Esophagus

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endoscopic ablation can eradicate neoplastic Barrett's esophagus (BE) without visible lesions. Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) is an established but relatively newer ablative technique that can eliminate BE but data on the durability of its treatment effects are lacking. We assessed the durability of CBA treatment for neoplastic BE. METHODS We performed a single-center cohort study of consecutive BE patients with confirmed low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD) or intramucosal cancer (ImCA) treated with CBA to eradicate all BE. We excluded patients with prior ablative therapy. Visible lesions were removed with endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) prior to CBA. Outcomes included complete eradication of dysplasia (CE-D) and complete eradication of intestinal metaplasia (CE-IM) at 1 year, durability at 2 and 3 years after initial ablation, cumulative recurrence rate of dysplasia and IM, and rate of neoplastic progression. RESULTS 59 patients (55.9% with HGD; 20.3% with prior EMR) were tracked for a median of 54.3 months. CE-D and CE-IM at 1 year were 94.6% (53/56) and 75% (42/56), respectively. Allowing for retreatment, rates of maintained CE-D and CE-IM for those who have achieved CE-D or CE-IM were 100% (53/53) and 98% (47/48) at 2 years; 100% (45/45) and 98% (40/41), at 3 years, respectively. Cumulative recurrence rate was 1.9% (1/53) for dysplasia and 14.6% (7/48) for IM (not allowing for retreatment). There was no neoplastic progression. CONCLUSION In treatment-naive patients with dysplastic BE, CBA is a durable endoscopic eradication therapy but endoscopic surveillance after eradication is still warranted.
Integrated dynamic body contact for H-gate PD-SOI MOSFETs for high performance/low power

This paper discusses on the integrated dynamic body contact for H-gate PD-SOI MOSFETs for high performance/low power. PD-SOI circuit designers often must explicitly account for the MOSFET body voltage. Here, a dynamic body bias is implemented with a compact layout style to achieve improved performance and reduced power consumption.
Visual Object Processing

We present an overview of the functional and anatomical pathways and steps involved in going from a pattern of photoreceptor activations in the retina to recognizing an object in the world. Our focus is the geniculostriate pathway and the ventral processing stream of the cortex, which play a dominant role in object processing in humans. For recognition to occur, there must be the generation of a representation that can be matched to memory. Here we focus on the perceptual organizing factors, such as grouping and segmentation, that play an initial role in generating that which will be matched to memory. We then examine more complex representations and how they might be generated, including 3D forms and objects. We also discuss theories of object recognition, contrasting, for example, theories that posit that particular views of objects are matched to views in memory, versus structural approaches which posit that 3D shapes and parts are matched to similar representations in memory. The plusses and minuses of different theories of object recognition are considered. Keywords: object recognition; perceptual organization
What social responsibility for the corporation?: A report on the United States

The questions posed for the national reporters for this International Seminar demonstrate the wide range of issues that can be included as part of an analysis of corporate social responsibility. Even limiting the discussion of corporate social responsibility to employment issues covers a broad scope, represented by the three general questions posed for this Seminar: (1) hiring policy; (2) personnel management policy; and social protection policy. Before entering this discussion of the three questions, though, it may be useful to step back to an even broader question of the meaning of the term, “corporate social responsibility” (CSR). The term, itself, carries an underlying assumption of the legitimacy of a particular economic system and its central actors; that is, corporations are central, legitimate, and functional actors in social relations within a capitalist economic structure. The concept of CSR does not question the existence of corporations and their role in maintaining a system of private ownersh...
Dynamic Analysis of Trusses

The static analysis of trusses whose members are pin-connected reduces to the problem of determining the bar forces due to a set of loads applied at the joints. When the same trusses are subjected to the action of dynamics forces, the simple situation of only axial stresses in the members is no longer present. The inertial forces developed along the members of the truss will, in general, produce flexural bending in addition to axial forces. The bending moments at the ends of the truss members will still remain zero in the absence of external joint moments. The dynamic stiffness method for the analysis of trusses is developed as in the case of framed structures by establishing the basic relations between external forces, elastic forces, damping forces, inertial forces, and the resulting displacements, velocities, and accelerations at the nodal coordinates, that is, by determining the stiffness, damping, and mass matrices for a member of the truss. The assemblage of system stiffness, damping, and mass matrices of the truss as well as the solution for the displacements at the nodal coordinates follows along the standard method presented in the preceding chapters for framed structures.
Quantifying the habitat structure and spatial pattern of New Jersey (U.S.A.) salt marshes under different management regimes

Mosquito control measures have resulted in majorstructural alterations of many coastal marshes, withrelatively unknown consequences to larger ecosystemfunctioning. Parallel grid ditching and open marshwater management (OMWM) techniques are purposefullydesigned to alter the hydrological regime and therelative availability and/or characteristics ofstanding water on the marsh surface. With the growingrecognition of the important influence that habitatstructure and the configuration of the marsh-edgeboundary has on nekton utilization of salt marshsystems, the impact of mosquito control managementtechniques on the availability and quality of saltmarsh habitat deserves increased scrutiny. Usingdigital image processing techniques, we completed adetailed mapping effort for a 1800 ha study area inTuckerton, New Jersey to provide a picture ofsubtidal and intertidal habitat availability. Spatialanalysis techniques were used to quantify the relativeamount of habitat types and spatial pattern of theland-water interface under different managementregimes: parallel grid-ditched, OMWM and an unalteredreference. The parallel grid-ditched site had a muchlower incidence of marsh ponds which serve asimportant low tide and over-wintering refuge forcertain species of fish. In comparison, the OMWM sitehad a much greater amount of ponded water habitats.The grid-ditched site had a higher density of marshsurface-to-tidal water interface resulting in a lowermedian distance between the marsh interior and theadjacent tidal channel network. This study serves tobenchmark the habitat structure and spatial pattern ofa highly functioning natural marsh for use as areference site in regional wetland creation orrestoration efforts.
Model students in foundation science courses improves retention and performance in undergraduate STEM programs (531.21)

The college years are a time of intense attrition from science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields, negatively impacting the nation’s scientific capacity and economic competitiveness. Attrition is especially prominent between the first and second years of college for STEM students. Many students coming out of high school are ill prepared to perform the critical thinking and rigorous academic work required in STEM fields, and the initial gateway courses in these fields tend to favor a “weed out” philosophy, providing a less than hospitable environment in which to begin a college career. In an effort to ameliorate these two factors, we developed a supplemental peer instruction program (the Model Student Program) as a collaborative effort between the Biology Department and the Center for Academic Achievement (CAA) that allows proficient peers to help first year students digest complex material and to model the behaviors required for success in STEM at the college level. We hypothesized tha...
The impact of visual impairment and eye disease on vision-related quality of life in a Mexican-American population: proyecto VER.

PURPOSE. To describe the relationship of visual acuity impairment and eye disease on vision-related quality of life, as measured by the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), in a cross-sectional, population-based study of older Hispanic persons living in Arizona. METHODS. A random sample of block groups with Hispanic residents in Nogales and Tucson, Arizona, were selected for study. Participants were interviewed at home with a questionnaire that included the NEI-VFQ-25, an instrument measuring vision-related quality of life. Acuity was obtained with Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) charts and standard protocol. Cataract was determined by clinical examination, diabetic retinopathy was diagnosed on stereo fundus photographs, and glaucoma was diagnosed on the basis of clinical examination and visual field results. Analyses were done to determine the degree of association between subscale scores and acuity in the better-seeing eye, monocular visual impairment, and specific eye diseases, with adjustment for acuity. RESULTS. Of the 4774 participants in the study, 99.7% had completed questionnaires that were not completed by proxy. Participants with visual impairment had associated decrements in scores on all subscales, with a decrease in presenting acuity associated with a worse score (P < 0.05), after adjustment for demographic variables. Monocular impairment was also associated with lower scores in several subscales. In those with cataract, low acuity explained most of the low scores, but those with glaucoma or diabetic retinopathy had low scores independent of acuity. CONCLUSIONS. In this study of Mexican-American persons aged 40 or more, monocular impairment and better-eye acuity was associated with a decrease in most domains representing quality of life. Subjects with uncorrected refractive error, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma had associated decrements in quality of life, many not explained by loss of acuity. Further work on the specific measures of vision associated with reported decreases in quality of life, such as visual field or contrast sensitivity, is warranted.
Improving Oral Presentations: Inserting Subtitles in Videos for Targeted Feedback

Instructors are increasingly using videotaping in addition to written summarized feedback to develop oral presentation skills, but reviewing videotapes with students can be a time-consuming process. Moreover, students may find that summarized feedback, which is displaced from the video itself, is vague and unhelpful. This project investigated a new way for instructors to deliver targeted feedback within video recordings, and embedded the new approach within other best practices (e.g. rubrics, guided self-reflection). We compared two groups (N=31) across two presentations, with one group first receiving videotapes that included interjected feedback, much like subtitles, in their videos, while the other group first received raw videotapes and met face-to-face with their instructor to review their performance. Despite the significant student perception that face-to-face feedback was more useful, our results showed that interjected feedback was more helpful for developing students’ style skills, and there was no difference in improvement across presentations for content, organization and response to audience. Across both groups, students reported great benefit of video feedback because it provided them with a third-party perspective of their own performance. Furthermore, interjected feedback provided instructors with a substantial time savings compared to the face-to-face meetings.
The X-ray Crystal Structure of the NF-κB p50·p65 Heterodimer Bound to the Interferon β-κB Site

We have determined the x-ray crystal structure of the transcription factor NF-κB p50·p65 heterodimer complexed to κB DNA from the cytokine interferon β enhancer (IFNβ-κB). To better understand how the binding modes of NF-κB on its two best studied DNA targets might contribute to promoter-specific transcription, this structure is compared with the previously determined complex crystal structure containing NF-κB bound to the Ig κ light chain gene enhancer as well as to a second NF-κB·Ig κ light chain gene enhancer complex also reported in this paper. The global binding modes of all NF-κB·DNA complex structures are similar, although crystal-packing interactions lead to differences between identical complexes of the same crystallographic asymmetric unit. An extensive network of stacked amino acid side chains that contribute to base-specific DNA contacts is conserved among the three complexes. Consistent with earlier reports, however, the IFNβ-κB DNA is bent significantly less by NF-κB than is the Ig κ light chain gene enhancer. This and other small structural changes may play a role in explaining why NF-κB-directed transcription is sensitive to the context of specific promoters. The precise molecular mechanism behind the involvement of the high mobility group protein I(Y) in interferon β enhanceosome formation remains elusive.
The Avon and Komen Breast Cancer Walks: Case Studies in Questionable Special Events Reporting

Nonprofit organizations are under considerable pressure to be efficient fund raisers. Prior research indicates that creative accounting methods are sometimes used to put the best possible face on performance. This paper skeptically examines the accounting for two well known series of charitable walks. The Avon Products Foundation adopted extremely aggressive accounting for joint costs in 2003, allowing it to claim compliance with watchdog group guidelines for fund-raising efficiency and program spending. The Susan G. Komen Breast Cancer Foundation reports only the net proceeds it receives from similar breast cancer walk events, improving its apparent fundraising efficiency.
Colin Koopman, Genealogy as Critique: Foucault and the Problems of Modernity

In Genealogy as Critique, Colin Koopman traces the contours of Foucault’s critical method of genealogy, presenting it not as a catch-all term for approaching history as a nonhistorian, but rather as a method of inquiry valuable to many fields, including communication, cultural studies, history, and sociology. As have many others who have commented on Foucault’s methods (notably Nicolas Rose, Paul Rabinow, Ian Hacking, Judith Butler, Wendy Brown, and Michael Mahon, among others), Koopman argues that Foucault was engaged in “histories of the present.” However, where Koopman diverges from much of the commentary on Foucault is in his careful articulation of the method of a history of present within a larger intellectual framework that Foucault saw himself working in: namely, that of Kantian critique. Moreover, Koopman’s careful analysis of Foucaultian method opens up a space for normative interventions based on Foucault’s work, specifically in a methodological mix of American pragmatism, Habermasian critical theory, and Foucaultian genealogy. The question of intervention has always haunted engagements with Foucault, since Foucault was often loathe to make prescriptions that addressed contemporary problems.
Effects of temperature and host cell type on the in vitro growth and development of Sarcocystis falcatula.

The growth and development of Sarcocystis falcatula in four different cultured cell lines [vero cells, bovine turbinate (BT) cells, equine dermal (ED) cells, and human Hep-2 cells] inoculated with culture-derived merozoites are described. Parasite yields, viability, and plaque forming efficiency were used to compare the growth between different cell lines. Additionally, each cell line was tested at two temperatures of incubation (35°C and 37°C). Based on yield, viability, and plaque forming efficiency, vero cells and BT cells supported growth of S. falcatula better than ED cells and Hep-2 cells. During an 18-day culture period, vero cells produced a mean total of 1.3×107 S. falcatula merozoites/T25 flask, BT cells 1.1×107, ED cells 0.9×107, and Hep-2 cells 0.7×107 merozoites/T25 flask. All experimental cell lines grew equally well at 35°C and 37°C. The type of host cells but not the temperature of incubation had a profound effect on the in vitro growth and proliferation of S. falcatula.
Unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy in a 14-year-old Hispanic girl.

INTRODUCTION The authors discuss a case of unilateral diminished vision in a 14-year-old Hispanic girl. METHODS Retrospective chart review. RESULTS The patient was referred to University Hospital (UH) at New Jersey Medical School with a complaint of blurry vision in the right eye for approximately 1 month. Clinical examination showed a yellow-gray area of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) elevation in the perifoveal region OD and normal examination OS. Optical coherence tomography showed a corresponding area of RPE elevation with associated sub-RPE fluid. Fluorescein angiogram on presentation disclosed a focal area of hyperfluorescence and dye pooling. Bloodwork and chest x-ray were within normal limits. These changes resolved over the ensuing 4 weeks despite discontinuation of all treatment. The patient experienced complete resolution of her symptoms. CONCLUSION We report a case of unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy in a 14-year-old Hispanic girl. To the authors' knowledge, this is the youngest reported patient with this condition to date.
“Disaster Stamps”: The Significance of Philately in Louise Erdrich's The Plague of Doves

Near the end of Louise Erdrich's 2008 novel The Plague of Doves, in a section called “Disaster Stamps of Pluto,” Cordelia Lochren interviews Neve Harp about the history of the stamp collection that...
Classification and localization of acetabular labral tears.

The purpose of this study was to compare the findings on hip MR arthrography (MRA) with the published MRA and arthroscopic classifications of hip labral tears and to evaluate a clock-face method for localizing hip labral tears. We retrospectively reviewed 65 hip MRA studies with correlative hip arthroscopies. Each labrum was evaluated on MRA using the classification system of Czerny and an MRA modification of the Lage arthroscopic classification. In addition, each tear was localized on MRA by using a clock-face description where 6 o’clock was the transverse ligament and 3 o’clock was anterior. These MRA findings were then correlated with the arthroscopic findings using the clock-face method of localization and the Lage arthroscopic classification of labral tears. At MRA, there were 42 Czerny grade 2 and 23 grade 3 labral tears and 22 MRA Lage type 1, 11 type 2, 22 type 3 and 10 type 4 tears. At arthroscopy, there were 10 Lage type 1 flap tears, 20 Lage type 2 fibrillated tears, 18 Lage type 3 longitudinal peripheral tears and 17 Lage type 4 unstable tears. The Czerny MRA classification and the modified MRA Lage classification had borderline correlation with the arthroscopic Lage classification. Localization of the tears using a clock-face description was within 1 o’clock of the arthroscopic localization of the tears in 85% of the patients. The Lage classification, which is the only published arthroscopic classification system for hip labral tears, does not correlate well with the Czerny MRA or an MRA modification of the Lage classification. Using a clock-face description to localize tears provides a way to accurately localize a labral tear and define its extent.
Increased responsiveness to adenosine 3'5'-cyclic monophosphate-active agents during the immune response in vivo.

Abstract Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated in the spleen following immunization of C57BL/6 mice with allogeneic cells. The activity of such CTL was inhibited by agents that increased intracellular adenosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) levels. During the primary immune response, the susceptibility of CTL to inhibition by theophylline remained constant, but susceptibility to histamine, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), dibutyryl cAMP, and 4-(3-butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone (Ro-20-1724) increased significantly. The pattern of increased inhibition by histamine differed from that of the other agents. Increased cAMP responsiveness of CTL resulted from at least two distinct biochemical events, possibly including: 1. 1) increased receptors and/or increased receptor-adenylate cyclase coupling (for histamine); and 2. 2) increased efficiency of a post-cAMP pathway (for dibutyryl cAMP, PGE2, and Ro-201724).
Molecular dynamics simulations highlight the structural differences among DNA: DNA, RNA:RNA, and DNA:RNA hybrid duplexes

Nanosecond length simulations applying the particle mesh Ewald method within AMBER 4.1 on canonical A-form and B-form geometries of d[CCAACGTTGG]2, r[CCAACGUUGG]2, and d[CCAACGTTGG]−r[CCAACGUUGG] duplexes in aqueous solution are reported. DNA duplexes only adopt a stable B-DNA geometry, in contrast to RNA duplexes which adopt both a stable A-RNA and “B-RNA” geometry. The observation of a stable “B-RNA” structure is somewhat surprising and suggests significant kinetic barriers to structural conversion in RNA structures on a nanosecond time scale. The “B-RNA” can be converted to A-RNA by forcing a concerted flip in the sugar puckers from C2‘-endo to C3‘-endo. The A-RNA structure displays features similar to A-form crystal structures, specifically interstrand purine stacking at the central pyrimidine−purine step is observed. When started in a canonical A-form geometry, DNA:RNA hybrid duplexes converge to a structure that is characteristic of experimental solution structures; specifically, a minor groove widt...
Yield strength in nanocrystalline Cu during high strain rate deformation

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study the yield strength of thermally annealed nanocrystalline Cu samples. For strain rates of 1 × 1010 and 1 × 109 s−1, the observed yield strength scales with the fractional number of grain boundary (GB) atoms. This observation suggests a new scaling behavior for the onset of plasticity in nanocrystalline materials, controlled not by the grain size alone, but by a combination of both grain size and degree of GB relaxation, as measured by the GB volume.
The lattice thermal expansion of hydroxyapatite

La dilatation thermique le long des axes α et c du Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 est determinee, entre 22 et 1000°C a l'aide de la diffraction RX a haute temperature
Heat of hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate.

Abstract The change of enthalpy during the enzymatic hydrolysis of acetyl phosphate was measured with an isothermal constant-flow calorimeter and found to be −7200 cal. for ionization states of participants at pH 5.6 and 33 °C.
Doses of prostaglandin F2α effective for induction of estrus in goats

Abstract A total of 11 cycling does weighing between 24 and 50 kg were injected with varying dosages of prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) between 7 and 10 days into each estrous cycle. Five injections each of 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, or 7.5 mg PGF2α were alternated with five injections of 1.0 ml saline. Saline treated does served as controls. All does were teased twice daily with a buck and observed for signs of estrus for 5 days post-injection. Daily systemic concentrations of progesterone (P4) were determined by radioimmunoassay. The mean (± S.E.) hours from injection to estrus was 47 ± 3.3, 42 ± 4.3, 44 ± 8.5, and 43 ± 5.5 for does receiving 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg PGF2α, respectively. None of the does receiving saline exhibited estrus in the 5-day post-injection observation period. Mean (± S.E.) concentrations of systemic P4 in all does on the day of injection was 4.22 ± 0.45 ng/ml. Concentrations 24 hours post-injection were 0.21 ± 0.02, 0.15 ± 0.05, 0.17 ± 0.04, 0.16 ± 0.04, and 4.5 ± 1.36 ng/ml for does receiving 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mg PGF2α, and 1.0 ml saline, respectively. The results suggested that 1.25 mg PGF2α was effective for induction of estrus in the cycling goat.
Complete Genome Sequence of Cellulophaga lytica HI1 Using PacBio Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing.

ABSTRACT We report here the complete genome sequence of Cellulophaga lytica HI1 isolated from a seawater table located at the Kewalo Marine Laboratory (Honolulu, HI). This is the first complete de novo genome assembly of C. lytica HI1 using PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing, which resulted in a single scaffold of 3.8 Mb.
INTERNATIONAL CREDIT MANAGEMENT POLICIES OF U.S. SUBSIDIARIES

One important issue international firms must face involves the evaluation and control of credit risk. Many studies dealing with international credit management have focused on the practices used by multinational enterprises. In this study we take a different approach to this topic by analyzing the credit management decisions made by 188 U.S. foreign subsidiaries. We examine many aspects of the foreign subsidiary manager's credit policies including credit standards, credit terms, collection efforts and customer creditworthiness. The results of this study indicate that credit management practices of foreign subsidiaries are similar to those used by parent companies. In addition, the findings show that foreign managers generally use theoretically‐preferred methods when making credit decisions.
UNDER-REPRESENTED MINORITIES IN EMERGENCY MEDICINE

Abstract Background According to the Association of American Medical Colleges and the Institute of Medicine, promoting diversity in the health care workforce is a national priority. The under-representation of minorities in health care contributes significantly to the problem of health disparities currently facing racial and ethnic minority groups in the United States (US). Evidence shows that improved diversity among medical providers contributes to higher satisfaction for minority patients and better educational experiences for trainees. Objective Our aim was to describe the racial and ethnic composition of medical students, Emergency Medicine residents, and practicing Emergency Medicine Physicians as compared with other specialties and the US population. Methods A cross-sectional analysis of the most recent data available from the Association of American Medical Colleges and the US Census were used to determine the racial and ethnic distribution of the US population, medical students, residents, and practicing physicians. The Association of American Medical Colleges' definition of under-represented minorities (URMs) for the years studied included individuals of black, Latino, and Native-American race and ethnicity. Proportions with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. χ2 analysis was used to compare groups. Results URMs comprised 30% of the total US population, yet only 6% of all practicing physicians and 9% of Emergency Physicians self-identified as URMs. By comparison, 15% of medical students, 17% of all residents, and 14% of Emergency Medicine residents were URMs (p Conclusions Emergency Medicine, like other specialties, lacks the racial and ethnic diversity seen in the US population. Efforts to improve diversity at the resident level are limited by the number of URM students in medical school, and should include steps aimed at addressing this issue.
Effect of polarization on remote Raman amplification in WDM-PON

In this paper, we report the results of our study on the effect of polarization of the pump on the downstream data signal in a remote Raman amplified WDM-PON. It was observed that for linearly polarized pump, if the azimuth angle was increased beyond 50°, the BER of the downstream signal fell below the threshold of 1e–12. The maximum gain due to remote Raman amplification was obtained at the azimuth angle of 5°.
A correlation of serum bile acid levels with conventional biochemical parameters in the assessment of hepatobiliary dysfunctions.

In hepatobiliary disease, the level of bile acids in the peripheral circulation is greatly increased due to impaired liver function. It has been suggested that serum bile acids are of greater value in confirming hepatobiliary dysfunction than the currently assayed conventional biochemical parameters. Fifty patients with confirmed liver disease were studied. Bile acid determinations and a battery of biochemical tests were performed on each patient. Although serum bile acid levels correlated well with liver disease, the combination of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase or 5′nucleotidase with alkaline phosphatase in conjunction with alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes provided similar or better correlation. Also, the routinely assayed enzymes, such as gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase demonstrated excellent correlation with hepatobiliary dysfunction.
Evaluation of candidate genes in case-control studies: A statistical method to account for related subjects

Traditional case-control studies provide a powerful and efficient method for evaluation of association between candidate genes and disease. The sampling of cases from multiplex pedigrees, rather than from a catchment area, can increase the likelihood that genetic cases are selected. However, use of all the related cases without accounting for their biological relationship can increase the type I error rate of the statistical test. To overcome this problem, we present an analysis method that is used to compare genotype frequencies between cases and controls, according to a trend in proportions as the dosage of the risk allele increases. This method uses the appropriate variance to account for the correlated family data, thus maintaining the correct type I error rate. The magnitude of the association is estimated by the odds ratio, with the variance of the odds ratio also accounting for the correlated data. Our method makes efficient use of data collected from multiplex families and should prove useful for the analysis of candidate genes among families sampled for linkage studies. An application of our method, to family data from a prostate cancer study, is presented to illustrate the method's utility.
Emergency Surgical Treatment of Valvular Endocarditis

A patient with acute bacterial endocarditis underwent successful aortic valve replacement because of progressive severe heart failure which was intractable to medical management. At surgery, a perforated aortic valve was excised and a Starr-Edwards prosthesis was inserted.
High-Rate Accelerations in Oxy-Cope Rearrangements Induced by Sulfur Substitution: Kinetic Study Involving Electronically and Geometrically Differentiated 1-Alkenyl-2-(Z-1-propenyl)-7,7-dimethyl-exo-norbornan-2-ols

The rates of anionically promoted oxy-Cope rearrangement of five structurally related exo-norbornanols have been determined. A critical difference in the substitution pattern of these substrates is the presence or absence of oxygen or sulfur functionality at the terminal carbon of the bridgehead vinyl group and the geometric nature of the olefinic center. The results convincingly establish that although an OPMP substituent exerts, at best, a very modest decelerative kinetic effect, the presence of the PhS substituent causes rearrangement to occur approximately 103 times faster by lowering the activation energy to the extent of 3−4 kcal/mol. This remarkable divergence in behavior is shown to correlate well with the highly dissociative nature of the transition state that is predicted computationally.
Pressure-driven sound turbulence in a high-beta plasma

LF turbulence is investigated experimentally in a 2-m-long 1-m-diameter magnetized electron fluid with beta(e) = about 0.5 and unmagnetized ions, generated in a double-pulsed linear dc discharge under a uniform external magnetic field of 15 G. The results of measurements with Langmuir probes, electric probes, and a directional particle analyzer are presented in graphs and characterized in detail. It is shown that the strong cross-field sound turbulence observed near the lower hybrid frequency is caused by the electron pressure gradient rather than E x B drift, with (1) temperature-gradient wave refraction as the dominant saturation mechanism, (2) wave-enhanced ion mass flow, and (3) only negligible ion-tail formation. The relevance of the present findings for studies of magnetic shock propagation is indicated.