cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Study on Plug-in Electric Vehicles Charging Load Calculating

The policy and the development of plug-in electric vehicles(PEVs) in China are analyzed first.Then the charging modes and charging time of different kinds of PEVs' charging behaviors in China are proposed according to the field survey.The charging periods of different kinds of PEVs' charging behaviors are divided.The Monte Carlo simulation method is applied to determine the starting state of charge(SOC) and the initial charging point.With the charging methods(either on slow,regular,or fast mode) and initial charging point,together with the sampled starting SOC and charging needs of different PEVs' charging behaviors,the charging time can be calculated to get the charging curve.Based on the study,the future charging load in China is forecasted.The results indicate that the charging of PEVs will have significant impacts on the planning and operation of the power system.The huge difference between charging peak and off-peak provides a substantial potential to coordinate the charging of PEVs.
Study on the contamination of pathogenic Vibrio spp.in aquatic products and external environmental water in Longgang district,Shenzhen

Objective:To know the distribution of pathogenic Vibrio spp.in marine products,freshwater products and external environmental water in Longgang district,Shenzhen.Methods: Five hundred and six samples were collected from common marine products,freshwater products and external environmental water at hotels,supermarkets and seafood markets in Longgang district,Shenzhen.Samples were preliminary screened by real-time PCR.Then they were enriched,isolated and identified by routine methods.The virulence factor of Vibrio parahaemolyticus was detected by PCR methods.Results: One hundred and eight(37.2%) V.parahaemolyticus,74(14.6%) non-pathogenic V.cholerae and 42(8.3%) other pathogenic Vibrio spp.were isolated in 506 samples.One V.parahaemolyticus with tdh virulence gene was detected.Conclusion: The surveillance and management of aquatic products and ex-enviromental water should be strengthened.
Inhibition of immunoglobulin (Ig)G-Fc-mediated cytotoxicity by seminal plasma IgG-Fc receptor III antigens * †

Objective To determine if the presence of soluble immunoglobulin (Ig)G-Fc receptor III (Fc γ RIII) antigens in human seminal plasma interfere with IgG-Fc-mediated effector functions. Design An antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) assay was used as a model for IgG-Fc-mediated effector functions. Human red blood cells (RBC), labeled with 51 Cr were sensitized with rabbit anti-RBC and used as targets for peripheral blood leukocyte (PBL) effector cells. Cytotoxicity was measured by assessing the release of 51 Cr from RBC. Interventions (1) Seminal plasma was added at different concentrations to the ADCC, and inhibitory effects were measured. (2) The level of seminal plasma interaction in ADCC was studied by comparing ADCC results in the presence and absence of seminal plasma with findings of target and effector cells that had been preincubated with seminal plasma. (3) The role of seminal plasma Fc γ RIII in inhibiting ADCC was studied by coincubating seminal plasma with monoclonal antibodies (MAs) Leu 11b that block Fc γ RIII binding sites. Two isotype-matched MA controls were used at identical concentrations. Results (1) Seminal plasma dose dependently inhibits ADCC. (2) Seminal plasma inhibition of ADCC occurs at the level of IgG-Fc interaction with effector cell FC γ receptors. (3) Inhibitory effects of seminal plasma on ADCC can be specifically blocked by coincubating seminal plasma with MAs Leu 11b that block Fc γ RIII binding sites. Conclusions Seminal plasma Fc γ RIII antigens interfere with IgG-Fc-mediated effector functions. This mechanism could play a beneficial role in controlling potentially harmful antipaternal immune responses.
A hydrostatic model of solder fillets Part II: Two dimensional model and its application to square wire wrap terminals

A model for axisymmetric solder fillets is presented in Part I (1). Another general class of configuration is the two dimensional fillet such as the fillets formed by a terminal pin laying on a flat land area or a “Tee” joint. The model is also extended to calculate the fillets formed between a square wire wrap terminal and the land areas of a plated-through-hole (PTH). The application of these results to the design of a wire wrap terminal and the choices of preform sizes is also discussed.
Circumstances preceding the suicide of Asian Pacific Islander Americans and White Americans

This study examined the circumstances preceding suicide among Asian and Pacific Islander Americans (APIAs) and White American decedents using data from the National Violent Death Reporting System in the United States. After controlling for gender and age, APIAs had lower rates of recent disclosure of suicide ideation, recent mental health treatment, recent mental health problems, and intimate partner problems, but higher rates of school problems than White Americans. There were also significant Race × Age moderation effects for recent mental health, financial, and school problems and a significant Race × Gender moderation effect for intimate partner problems.
Effect of the type of stent on results of coronary artery bypass grafting in multivessel disease patients

Abstract Background Percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) before coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) increased recently. Consequently, patients are referred for CABG with severe pathology affecting their results. Several studies compared CABG with PCI and effect of previous PCI on after coming CABG, while studies addressing the effect of the type of stent on the after coming CABG are lacking. Methods Data of 200 CABG patients with previous PCI done at the National Heart Institute (NHI) and other centers between 2011 and 2015, are observed prospectively with mean follow-up of 12 months. The patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 100, mean age 52.20 years, 9 women) underwent CABG Bare metal stent (BMS) PCI and group II (n = 100, mean age 50.25, 18 women) had prior Drug eluting stent (DES) PCI before CABG. Results Group I: the mean number of stents was 1.95 versus 2.98 in group II (P Conclusion DES PCI showed negative impact on the outcome of after coming CABG.
Territorial vocalization in sympatric damselfish: acoustic characteristics and intruder discrimination

AbstractDamselfishes are well known for their aggressive, territorial behaviour during which the use of vocalization behaviour has been well documented. However, agonistic acoustic signalling has been understudied in particular when the vocalizations are interspecific. In this study, we characterize and compare the previously undescribed vocalization behaviour of longfin damselfish (Stegastes diencaeus), in an agonistic context, with the closely related and sympatric dusky damselfish (Stegastes adustus). Next, we examined if these congeneric species modulate their vocalizations in a similar pattern to previously described aggressive behaviour patterns. Audio field recordings of territorial males were obtained in response to three separate stimuli: (1) conspecific male damselfish, (2) heterospecific male damselfish and (3) a common intruder, the slippery dick wrasse (Halichoeres bivittatus). The vocal repertoires of both longfin and dusky damselfish comprised the same three distinct call types: chirps, pop...
Some Aspects of Intracellular Lipid Traffic

A universal feature of eukaryotic cells is a set of intracellular organelles that are dedicated to the execution of specific cellular functions. These organelles are distinguished by their unique complement of resident proteins and by the quantitative characteristics of the lipid compositions of their membranes. The sum of numerous analyses indicate that the lipid compositions of organellar membranes differ from each other with respect to: (i) the relative proportions of the lipid species measured and, in some cases, to the presence of a particular lipid in only a few biological membranes, and (ii) the lipid asymmetry observed between the external and internal leaflets of a particular membrane. Moreover, as the endoplasmic reticulum represents the major site of cellular lipid synthesis in eukaryotic cells, this organelle can be considered as the point at which the membrane bilayer is set up in the cell. These collective observations indicate that organelle biogenesis is not predominantly driven by biosynthetic processes inherent to each organelle. Rather, specific lipid transport and sorting phenomena must play a determining role in the assembly of intracellular organelles. In this lecture, I will discuss some of the mechanisms presently under consideration for lipid transport and sorting between organelles, and discuss new work that may unify aspects of lipid and protein trafficking in eukaryotic cells. This lecture cannot give an exhaustive review of lipid trafficking. Excellent reviews to that effect have recently been published (Pagano, 1990; Voelker, 1991).
Hidden role of intermolecular proton transfer in the anomalously diffuse vibrational spectrum of a trapped hydronium ion

We report the vibrational spectra of the hydronium and methyl-ammonium ions captured in the C 3 v binding pocket of the 18-crown-6 ether ionophore. Although the NH stretching bands of the CH 3 NH 3 + ion are consistent with harmonic expectations, the OH stretching bands of H 3 O + are surprisingly broad, appearing as a diffuse background absorption with little intensity modulation over 800 cm −1 with an onset ∼400 cm −1 below the harmonic prediction. This structure persists even when only a single OH group is present in the HD 2 O + isotopologue, while the OD stretching region displays a regular progression involving a soft mode at about 85 cm −1 . These results are rationalized in a vibrationally adiabatic (VA) model in which the motion of the H 3 O + ion in the crown pocket is strongly coupled with its OH stretches. In this picture, H 3 O + resides in the center of the crown in the vibrational zero-point level, while the minima in the VA potentials associated with the excited OH vibrational states are shifted away from the symmetrical configuration displayed by the ground state. Infrared excitation between these strongly H/D isotope-dependent VA potentials then accounts for most of the broadening in the OH stretching manifold. Specifically, low-frequency motions involving concerted motions of the crown scaffold and the H 3 O + ion are driven by a Franck–Condon-like mechanism. In essence, vibrational spectroscopy of these systems can be viewed from the perspective of photochemical interconversion between transient, isomeric forms of the complexes corresponding to the initial stage of intermolecular proton transfer.
“Like a Constantly Flowing River”: Gender Identity Flexibility Among Nonbinary Transgender Individuals

Gender is one of the first identities we learn and binary distinctions based on gender (e.g. girl/boy, woman/man, cisgender/transgender) are pervasive. The conceptualization of gender identity among transgender individuals is uniquely complicated by dichotomous notions of gender/sex. This is particularly true for individuals in the transgender community who are gender non-conforming or experience their gender outside the binary. The present research investigates the conceptualization of gender identity among non-binary transgender individuals by exploring the gender identity labels they choose and the descriptions they provide for their gender identity and experience. Participants included 197 adults recruited from a larger study on transgender experience who completed an online study. Participants ranged in age between 18-70 and self-identified as gender variant (n = 129) or agender (n = 68). Qualitative responses were analyzed via thematic analysis. Six themes were identified as related to the way gender non-conforming individuals describe their gender identity: 1) Gender Identity Using Binary Terms of Gender/Sex; 2) Gender Identity as Blended; 3) Gender Identity as Fluid; 4) Gender Identity as Non-Binary; 5) Transgender as Gender Identity; and 6) Agender Conceptualizations. Discussion focuses on the ways that gender non-conforming individuals’ experience of gender identity may contribute to the way we conceptualize identity flexibility.
The Origins of MIRV

The complex relationship between war and technological innovation is at the core of this chapter’s analysis. It recounts the complex history of the development of multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles for missiles and its relationship to anti-ballistic missile systems. The chapter shows that several independent military requirements led to several different lines of technological developments; as time went on, ideas and personnel were interchanged among the various programmes, resulting in a very complex web of technological developments and inventions.
Development of a droplet digital PCR assay for population analysis of aflatoxigenic and atoxigenic Aspergillus flavus mixtures in soil.

Aflatoxin B1 is a potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen that poses a serious safety hazard to both humans and animals. Aspergillus flavus is the most common aflatoxin-producing species on corn, cotton, peanuts, and tree nuts. Application of atoxigenic strains to compete against aflatoxigenic strains of A. flavus has emerged as one of the most practical strategies for ameliorating aflatoxin contamination in food. Genes directly involved in aflatoxin biosynthesis are clustered on an 82-kb region of the genome. Three atoxigenic strains (CA12, M34, and AF123) were each paired with each of four aflatoxigenic strains (CA28, CA42, CA90, and M52), inoculated into soil and incubated at 28 °C for 2 weeks and 1 month. TaqMan probes, omtA-FAM, and norA-HEX were designed for developing a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assay to analyze the soil population of mixtures of A. flavus strains. DNA was extracted from each soil sample and used for ddPCR assays. The data indicated that competition between atoxigenic and aflatoxigenic was strain dependent. Variation in competitive ability among different strains of A. flavus influenced the population reduction of the aflatoxigenic strain by the atoxigenic strain. Higher ratios of atoxigenic to aflatoxigenic strains increased soil population of atoxigenic strains. This is the first study to demonstrate the utility of ddPCR to quantify mixtures of both atoxigenic and aflatoxigenic A. flavus strains in soil and allows for rapid and accurate determination of population sizes of atoxigenic and aflatoxigenic strains. This method eliminates the need for isolation and identification of individual fungal isolates from experimental soil samples.
A Comprehensive Review of Tourette Syndrome and Complementary Alternative Medicine

Purpose of Review Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric condition defined by both motor and phonic tics over a period of at least 1 year with the onset before 18 years of age. The purpose of this article is to review the use of complementary alternative medicine (CAM) in children and adults with Tourette syndrome with emphasis on recent research.
Behavioral Mutants of Paramecium Aurelia

A Paramecium can be viewed as a eucaryotic organism capable of behavior, but it can also be regarded as a unicell comparable to excitable cells, such as hair cells, neurons, etc. in multicellular forms. The genetics of behavior in Paramecium aurelia makes use of both its organismic and cellular properties. The behavior of Paramecium directly reflects the state of the excitable membrane of the same cell with no compensation or other complication by other cells, as is possible in multicellular animals. As will appear, we succeeded in producing by mutation molecular lesions in this system of excitation. We have also begun to characterize the mutants electrophysiologically, thus raising the prospect of “dissecting” this system at a basic level and in a way which seems to be impossible or impracticable by other means.
Ethane hydrogenolysis over platinum: Selection and estimation of kinetic parameters

Abstract Kinetic models are formulated to describe the essential surface chemistry involved in ethane hydrogenolysis over platinum catalysts, through consolidation of results obtained from first principles calculations and reaction kinetics studies. Quantum chemical calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) were conducted to probe the structures and energetics of various adsorbed C2Hx species on platinum, as well as activated complexes involved in cleavage of the CC bond. De Donder relations were used to identify kinetic coefficients that minimize complications from unintentional compensation effects. Results from DFT calculations and kinetic analyses suggest that the most abundant surface species during ethane hydrogenolysis are adsorbed atomic hydrogen and highly dehydrogenated hydrocarbon species (e.g. ethylidyne species), whereas the primary reaction pathways for cleavage of the CC bond on Pt take place through transition states that are more highly hydrogenated (e.g. C2H5 and CHCH3 species). The results from DFT calculations indicate that C2Hx adsorbed species and transition states interact more strongly with Pt(2 1 1) than with Pt(1 1 1) surfaces, in agreement with the known structure sensitivity of ethane hydrogenolysis over Pt catalysts.
Simulation of evolving systems using FPGA technology

The theoretical study and simulation of biomolecular reaction systems is generally an extremely computationally intensive task. Especially studies treating evolutionary aspects, i.e. dealing with a variety of different molecules almost as large as the population, are often not feasible on conventional computers. In this article, we present methods allowing the implementation of sequence dependent reaction schemes in configurable logic by mapping the reaction processes onto systolic algorithms. The speed gain compared to an implementation based on conventional high-level programming languages opens the possibility of studying evolving systems of millions of molecules embedded in a three dimensional space over millions of generations. Taking genetic encoding as an example, which provides a generic construction scheme for biomolecular functions, we discuss how to employ a massively parallel configurable computer (NGEN) as a tool for the study of sequence dependent biomolecular reaction schemes by direct encoding in electronic hardware.
Rightlessness in an Age of Rights: Arendt and the Precarious Status of Non-Citizens

Global population movements bring to the fore the plight of the people who can no longer exercise their citizenship rights as they move across borders and find it increasingly difficult to exercise human rights. To analyze this contemporary problem, I reinterpret Hannah Arendt's notion of "rightlessness" - a seemingly anachronistic notion in an age that is increasingly defined by the expansion of human rights. Contesting narrow readings of "rightlessness" as a legal dispossession that has been largely remedied since Arendt wrote her analysis, I foreground its political and ontological dimensions - i.e. deprivation from political community and suspension of one's human status - particularly by focusing on the increasingly widespread practices of detaining and deporting non-citizens. To understand what "rightlessness" entails, I join scholarly efforts to read across the conventional divides drawn between Arendt's "historical" analyses (e.g. The Origins of Totalitarianism) and "political theoretical" works (e.g. The Human Condition). Such a reading also brings to the fore otherwise unnoticed critical potentials of Arendt's oft-criticized political concepts and distinctions (e.g. action/work/labor) in identifying and questioning the privileges and exclusions of an international order organized around the principle of nationality. To elaborate this point, the paper puts Arendt's political theory into conversation with contemporary theorists such as Giorgio Agamben and Judith Butler.
The homogeneous gravitational field

The homogeneous gravitational field is obtained from a Schwarzschild field in the limit of infinite mass.
Using the Good Behavior Game with high school special education students: comparing student- and teacher-selected reinforcers

The authors investigated the implementation of the Good Behavior Game (GBG) on disruptive behaviors of high school special education students. Additionally, the study compared the effect of student...
Closing the Gap: Identifying Rates and Reasons for Nonadherence in a Specialty Population

BACKGROUND: Adherence to specialty and nonspecialty medications is often calculated using pharmacy claims data. However, specialty medication regimens are complex and may require periods of intenti...
A path analysis investigation of the relationships between CEO pay ratios and firm performance mediated by employee satisfaction

Abstract We posit that information about CEO pay ratios is important to investors because employees' perceived fairness of their firm’s CEO pay ratio has consequences for firm performance. We use path analysis to examine the association between firm performance and (1) the predicted CEO pay ratio as determined by economic factors (the fair component of CEO pay ratio) and (2) the predicted CEO pay ratio as determined by non-economic factors (the unfair component of CEO pay ratio). We test for the existence and relative importance of direct and indirect paths using two measures of employee satisfaction and two measures of firm performance. We find that pay equity, a larger CEO pay ratio driven by economic factors, is associated with employee contributions to better firm performance. Conversely, we show that pay inequity, a larger CEO pay ratio driven by non-economic factors, is associated with employees' contributions to poorer firm performance. Consistent with the view that managerial entrenchment may amplify the negative effects of the CEO pay ratio, we find that the negative indirect path between pay inequity and firm performance, mediated by employee satisfaction, is more pronounced in firms with entrenched CEOs. Our findings contribute to the accounting compensation literature because they are consistent with CEO pay ratio information having economic consequences.
Postnatal pediatric systemic antibiotic episodes during the first three years of life are not associated with mode of delivery.

Background Delivery by cesarean section (C-section) is associated with adverse short-term and long-term infant outcomes. Given that antibiotics during early life are prescribed for infant outcomes that are more likely among c-section deliveries, we hypothesized that postnatal antibiotic exposure will be greater among c-section infants compared to vaginally delivered infants. Objective The aim of this paper was to evaluate if mode of infant delivery was associated with patterns of systemic antibiotic exposure in children during their first three years. Methods Pediatric electronic health records from UFHealth, 2011 to 2017 were reviewed. We included singleton, term infants (37-42 weeks gestation) with a birth weight ≥ 2500 grams, with documented mode of delivery and well visits on record. Infants with a neonatal intensive care unit stay were excluded. Both oral and intravenous antibiotics for a 10-day duration were classified as a single episode. The primary outcome was antibiotic episodes in the first three years of life, and a sub-analysis was performed to compare broad-spectrum versus narrow-spectrum antibiotic exposures. Results The mean number of antibiotic episodes in 4,024 full-term infants was 0.34 (SD = 0.79) and 24.1% of infants had at least one antibiotic episode. Penicillins were the most prescribed antibiotic in children 0-1 years (66.9%) and cephalosporins were the most common antibiotic prescribed for children 1-3 years (56.2%). We did not detect a meaningful or significant rate ratio (RR) between mode of delivery and overall antibiotic episodes 1.14 (95% CI 0.99, 1.31), broad-spectrum episodes 1.19 (95% CI 0.93, 1.52, or narrow-spectrum episodes 1.14 (95% CI 0.97, 1.34). Conclusion Our results do not support the hypothesis that postnatal antibiotic exposure was greater among infants delivered by cesarean section compare to infants delivered vaginally during the first three years of life.
A functional screen for optimization of short hairpin RNA biogenesis and RISC loading

Gene silencing via short hairpin mediated RNAi (shRNA) is a valuable experimental tool and has promise as a therapeutic strategy. Several shRNA platforms make use of the loop and flanking sequences from the endogenous microRNA (miRNAs) miR-30a or other miRNAs to provide an RNA structure for efficient and accurate biogenesis of the RNA trigger. However, the stem regions of these shRNAs are typically designed as perfect duplex structures which is an uncommon feature for endogenous miRNA precursors. A limitation of these designs is that shRNAs with perfect duplex stems undergo extensive stem cleavage analogous to the Dicer independent miRNA miR-451, destroying the shRNA trigger sequence that is present in the 3P arm. We employed an unbiased screen of > 9000 shRNA structures to identify features that prevent stem cleavage and promote canonical biogenesis and loading into the effector complex RISC. We find that a central stem bulge or kink reduces central stem cleavage and improves accuracy of Dicer processing. Furthermore, 9 - 10 GC nucleotides in the guide strand improves shRNA efficiency. These design rules enable more effective shRNA tools and are compatible with existing sets of optimized guide/target sequences.
Binaural spatial adaptation as a mechanism for asymmetric trading of interaural time and level differences

A classic paradigm used to quantify the perceptual weighting of binaural spatial cues requires a listener to adjust the value of one cue, while the complementary cue is held constant. Adjustments are made until the auditory percept appears centered in the head, and the values of both cues are recorded as a trading relation (TR), most commonly in μs interaural time difference per dB interaural level difference. Interestingly, existing literature has shown that TRs differ according to the cue being adjusted. The current study investigated whether cue-specific adaptation, which might arise due to the continuous, alternating presentation of signals during adjustment tasks, could account for this poorly understood phenomenon. Three experiments measured TRs via adjustment and via lateralization of single targets in virtual reality (VR). Targets were 500 Hz pure tones preceded by silence or by adapting trains that held one of the cues constant. VR removed visual anchors and provided an intuitive response technique during lateralization. The pattern of results suggests that adaptation can account for cue-dependent TRs. In addition, VR seems to be a viable tool for psychophysical tasks.
Mathematical Representation of Scattered Fields from Chipless RFID Tags

As previously mentioned, a chipless RFID system is comprised of three basic components: reader, antenna, and chipless tag. The antenna illuminates the reader area and induces currents on the metallic tags. The induced currents re-radiate the scattered fields, which will be processed in the reader for decoding the IDs of the tags. The scattering phenomena is a sophisticated process, which can be described in a simple mathematical model. This mathematical model provides us insight of the electromagnetic behavior of the structure, which is useful in the design process of chipless RFID tags. The induced currents on the tag structure can be expanded in different ways. One method is to expand the induced currents versus the singularity poles of the tag, which is the basis of the singularity expansion method (SEM). In such a representation, the solution is expressed as a collection of poles, branch cuts, and an entire function in the complex frequency plane. In this chapter, after a comprehensive study of the SEM, the wavefront representation of the SEM is presented to describe the scattering mechanisms in the early-time and late-time modes. Altes’ model is employed to describe the early-time response using the impulse responses of the scattering centers of the scatterer. Subsequently, the equivalent circuit of the scatterer is introduced based on the SEM representation of the fields. As an example, the current modes and associated radiated fields from a dipole antenna are studied.
Comparison of Four Pain Scales Among Hmong Patients with Limited English Proficiency.

Abstract Background Little is known about the relevance of existing pain scales for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP). Aims To determine the ranking and perceptions of four pain intensity scales in LEP Hmong. Design A sequential mixed-method study. Settings A Midwestern city, USA. Participants/Subjects Eight-four Hmong aged 19 to 80 years old. Methods Participants ranked four pain intensity scales—the Red Gradation Scale, the Black Gradation Scale, the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale, and the Faces Pain Scale – Revised— using Likert responses of 1 (most) to 4 (least) on the following factors: the extent to which they liked the scale, perceived it to be accurate, and preferred to use it in clinical settings. A follow-up interview asked participants’ scale selection decisions. Spearman correlations and ordered logistic regression assessed the scale rankings. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results Participants ranked the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale as the most liked (3.22 ± 0.95, 50.6%), the most accurate (3.13 ± 0.93, 44.6%), and the most preferred (3.14 ± 1.03, 49.4%). Older Age predicted the selection of this scale. Six themes influenced participants’ ranking decisions: the visual clarity of the scale, their experience or familiarity with the scale, the cultural connotations of pain, the type of emotions provoked by scale, the alignment of pain expression reflected in the scale, and the literacy concerns that the scale addressed. Conclusions The Wong-Baker Faces could be appropriate for older Hmong. Further validity and reliability studies are needed for the Wong-Baker Faces.
Influence of ceramic powders of different characteristics on particle packing structure and sintering behaviour

Ytteria-stabilized zirconia powders from different sources were used to investigate powder packing characteristics and subsequent sintering behaviour. Powders of different levels of agglomeration were controlled by varying degrees of ball-milling, followed by shaping through colloidal casting. Experimental findings revealed that the average pore diameter of the powder compacts appears to be a good representative of the whole pore structure of the green compacts. This pore parameter exhibited a well-defined correlation with respect to the initial mean powder size for each type of powder, irrespective of the difference in particle size distribution and degree of agglomeration, and also correlated soundly with the sintering behaviour of the powder compacts. Critical pore diameter/particle size ratios were experimentally determined, which were shown to be strongly related to the initial particle size by a power-law dependence. This dependence offers an excellent prediction of the critical ratio in alumina powder compacts reported by Zheng and Reed [27], which further supports the feasibility of this relationship.
Science education for and as resiliency through indoor agriculture

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to adapt to and rebound from unexpected change and uncertainty. The increasing climate chaos of the Anthropocene additionally underscores the necessity of resilient societies and individuals. Individuals able to problem-solve in emergent situations are integral to a resilient society, and science education can develop these competencies both individually and collectively. We use the concept of resiliency to argue for science education that enables learners to adapt and respond in the face of disruption, unrest, and disaster. We focus specifically on the ways in which learning how to grow plants indoors can develop resilience on multiple levels while authentically facilitating science and engineering principles. This study seeks to explore how indoor agriculture might support science education for resiliency. We examine a higher-education project, the “Grow Pod,” involving shipping container agriculture with first-year undergraduates. We argue that inclusion of indoor agriculture within science education has the potential to support both learning for and as resiliency. In our analysis, we note how the Grow Pod project supports a science education for resiliency through collective learning that helps learners understand plant basics and how to grow food, and a science education as resiliency which includes learning through and rebounding from challenges/mistakes, learning resourcefulness, and experiencing restorative benefits of working with plants. © 2021 National Association for Research in Science Teaching.
The Unique Symptom Burden of Patients Receiving CAR T-Cell Therapy

Abstract Objectives There is little research on the patient experience of symptom burden from CAR T-cell therapy, and no validated measure specific to the symptoms of CAR T-cell therapy currently exists. The purpose of this study was to identify symptoms experienced and to determine the content domain for a patient-reported outcome (PRO) measuring symptom burden for patients who had received standard of care CAR T-cell therapy for advanced B-cell lymphoid malignancies. Data Sources Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 21 patients who had received CAR T-cell therapy. Content analysis was used to define the symptom burden content domain. Conclusion Sixty-two percent of patients were interviewed within 3 months of therapy; 81.0% experienced cytokine release syndrome and 28.6% experienced neurotoxicity. Content analysis found 31 symptoms related to disease and treatment. The most common disease-related symptom identified by patients was pain (43%). The most common symptoms identified by patients as related to CAR T-cell therapy included fatigue (tiredness) (62%), lack of appetite (29%), headache (29%), chills or feeling cold (24%), and feeling confused (24%). The qualitative analysis also confirmed that symptoms interfere with daily activities, work, walking, relationships with others, mood, and enjoyment of life. Implications for Nursing Practice Patients who receive standard CAR T-cell therapy experience numerous symptoms related to disease and CAR T-cell therapy, including symptoms related to the T-cell infusion. Symptoms may result in interference with daily activities, relationships, treatment adherence, and mood. Oncology nurses should be aware of and assess symptom related to CAR T-cell therapy.
Endothelial-Leukocyte Adhesion Molecules in Acute Inflammation and Atherogenesis

Inflammation and atherosclerosis are pathophysiologic processes which share a common feature in their pathogenesis, the emigration of leukocytes from blood; yet, these processes involve different leukocytes, and have distinct locations, chronologies, and consequences. Acute inflammation is a rapid response of the host to local perturbations, such as trauma or bacterial infection, and is typically followed by resolution.1 A prominent feature of acute inflammation is the emigration of neutrophil leukocytes from the blood of postcapillary venules and small veins into the extravascular space. Atherosclerosis, on the other hand, is a chronic process occurring in arteries, and initially involves the adherence and transmigration of circulating monocytes into the arterial intima.2,3 The result is formation of atherosclerotic lesions that ultimately impinge on the arterial lumen and predispose to complications, such as thrombosis, hemorrhage, embolism, or dissection, which can have serious consequences for tissue perfusion.
Adopting a Brief, Web-Based Feedback Approach to Counter High School Drinking: Considerations for Professional School Counselors

Adolescent drinking represents a significant problem in the United States. Although high school juniors and seniors are particularly vulnerable to the negative consequences associated with alcohol use, evidence-based interventions for this age group are limited. The purpose of this article is to introduce a Web-based alcohol intervention with promising evidence as a best practice for a school-based program.
Quantitative genetics--empirical results relevant to plant breeding

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses quantitative genetics, which deals with the inheritance of those differences among individuals that are expressed in terms of degree rather than kind. The relevance of quantitative genetics to plant breeding lies in the fact that manipulation of genetic variability of quantitative traits through inbreeding, crossbreeding, and selection is the essential feature of any plant breeding program. A primary objective of quantitative genetic research is an understanding of the genetic consequences of such manipulations. The chapter focusses on reviewing and interrelating recent research results in areas of most significance to plant breeders, such as (1) kinds of genetic variability found, (2) effects of inbreeding and crossbreeding, (3) genotype-environmental interaction, and (4) selection methodology and response. Inbreeding results from mating between related individuals. The degree of inbreeding is measured by the inbreeding coefficient, which is the probability that two genes at a locus are identical by descent. The implications of quantitative genetics to breeding methodology are also discussed in the chapter.
Cartographies of Time: A History of the Timeline. By Daniel Rosenberg and Anthony Grafton

‘What does history look like? How do you draw time?’ This lavishly illustrated and exhaustively researched volume responds to the two questions the authors pose at the outset. Time maps, they argue...
Correcting Some Historical Oversights and Lacunas in the History of Decision Science Regarding the Contributions of George Boole (1854), John Maynard Keynes (1908, 1921), and Theodore Hailperin (1986) Made by the Proponents of the 'Modern' Multiple Priors/Choquet Expected Utility Approaches to Non Additive Probability

This paper examines the historical oversights contained in one of P Wakker’s articles on Uncertainty that is contained in The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics (2008).The same error is incorporated in all of his other articles and books written on this topic, so it is representative of his understanding of the current history of decision making.The conclusion reached in this reexamination of the historical record is that Wakker, like all other economists and decision theorists, is totally and completely unaware of the major decision theory innovations made by George Boole,J M Keynes, and Theodore Hailperin in the 19th and 20th Centuries.It is also demonstrated that Adam Smith was a proponent of interval estimates who recognized the very limited applicability of the calculus of probabilities
Analysis of behavior of chemical molecules: rule formation on non-homogeneous classes of objects

An information processing model of some important aspects of inductive reasoning is presented within the context of one scientific discipline. Given a collection of experimental (mass spectrometry) data from several chemical molecules the computer program described here separates the molecules into "well-behaved" subclasses and selects from the space of all explanatory processes the "characteristic" processes for each subclass. The definitions of "well-behaved" and "characteristic" embody several heuristics which are discussed. Some results of the program are discussed which have been useful to chemists and which lend credibility to this approach.
Molecular characterization of a neuropathogenic and nonerythroleukemogenic variant of Friend murine leukemia virus PVC-211

Abstract PVC-211 murine leukemia virus (MuLV) is a replication-competent, ecotropic type C retrovirus that was isolated after passage of the Friend virus complex through F344 rats. Unlike viruses in the Friend virus complex, it does not cause erythroleukemia but causes a rapidly progressive hind limb paralysis when injected into newborn rats and mice. We have isolated an infectious DNA clone (clone 3d) of this virus which causes neurological disease in animals as efficiently as parental PVC-211 MuLV. The restriction map of clone 3d is very similar to that of the nonneuropathogenic, erythroleukemogenic Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV), suggesting that PVC-211 MuLV is a variant of F-MuLV and that no major structural alteration was involved in its derivation. Studies with chimeric viruses between PVC-211 MuLV clone 3d and wild-type F-MuLV clone 57 indicate that at least one determinant for neuropathogenicity resides in the 2.1-kb XbaI-ClaI fragment containing the gp70 coding region of PVC-211 MuLV. Compared with nonneuropathogenic ecotropic MuLVs, the env gene of PVC-211 MuLV encodes four unique amino acids in the gp70 protein. Nucleotide sequence analysis also revealed a deletion in the U3 region of the long terminal repeat (LTR) of PVC-211 MuLV clone 3d compared with F-MuLV clone 57. In contrast to the env gene of PVC-211 MuLV, particular sequences within the U3 region of the viral LTR do not appear to be required for neuropathogenicity. However, the changes in the LTR of PVC-211 MuLV may be responsible for the failure of this virus to cause erythroleukemia, because chimeric viruses containing the U3 region of F-MuLV clone 57 were erythroleukemogenic whereas those with the U3 of PVC-211 MuLV clone 3d were not.
Chronic opiate-receptor inhibition in experimental congestive heart failure in dogs

Acute administration of opiate-receptor antagonists has previously been shown to improve cardiac output aortic blood pressure, systolic ventricular performance, and the baroreflex function in conscious dogs with right-sided congestive heart failure (RHF). However, whether similar changes occur after chronic opiate-receptor inhibition in congestive heart failure is not known. To determine the chronic effects of opiate-receptor antagonism on RHF, we administered naltrexone (200 mg/day), a long-acting, orally active opiate-receptor blocking agent, to RHF and sham-operated animals for 6 wk. Naltrexone had no effects on resting heart rate, right atrial pressure, aortic pressure, or cardiac output in RHF dogs but increased the first derivative of right and left ventricular pressure with respect to time (dP/dt) at rest and improved the dP/dt response to isoproterenol. The inotropic responses to isoproterenol and forskolin in isolated right ventricular trabeculate muscle also were improved by chronic naltrexone in RHF. Myocardial beta-receptor density was reduced in the failing right ventricle compared with the control (58 +/- 3 vs. 108 +/- 6 fmol/mg protein, P < 0.01) but was unaffected by addition of naltrexone. Finally, naltrexone prevented the decline in baroreflex sensitivity that occurred in RHF (-0.2 +/- 0.5 vs. -6.0 +/- 0.5 ms/mmHg, P < 0.01). These effects of naltrexone did not occur in the shamoperated animals. Chronic opiate-receptor blockade with naltrexone attenuates the development of reduced adrenergic inotropic responsiveness and baroreflex subsensitivity that occur in RHF. Because there was a similar improvement in the forskolin response in the absence of significant alterations in myocardial beta-adrenoceptor density after naltrexone treatment, the improvement in adrenergically mediated inotropic effects probably is mediated via a postreceptor mechanism.
Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of paroxetine versus imipramine in depressed HIV-positive outpatients

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (paroxetine) had comparable efficacy but greater tolerability than a tricyclic antidepressant (imipramine) in depressed patients with HIV infection. METHOD: Seventy-five HIV-positive patients (45% of whom had AIDS) were blindly and randomly assigned to receive paroxetine (N=25), imipramine (N=25), or placebo (N=25) in a 12-week trial. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Clinical Global Impression scale, and the SAFETEE general inquiry (for safety and tolerability) were administered at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12. RESULTS: Fifty-six (75%) of the 75 patients completed 6 weeks and 34 (45%) completed 12 weeks of the trial. The mean daily doses of both paroxetine (33.9 mg) and imipramine (162.5 mg) were significantly more effective than placebo; they were comparably effective at weeks 6, 8, and 12 according to the intent-to-treat analysis and at week 8 according to the analysis for the subjects...
896 IMAGING NEUROBLASTOMA IN PATIENTS WITH RADIOLABELED MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY AS A BASIS FOR TARGETING THERAPY

We have shown in previous studies that iodine 131-labeled monoclonal antibody (Mab) 3F8 could image human neuroblastoma (NB) xenografts in mice with excellent tumor to tissue ratios and could ablate such tumors with minimal toxicities. We now report our human imaging studies as the basis for targeting radiotherapy. Patients with NB were injected iv with 1.5 to 5 mCi iodine 131 labeled Mab 3F8. Serial gamma scannings were done. Tumor localization was apparent by 15 hours. Tissue radioactivity (uCi/cc) was calculated based on orthogonal gamma images. There was no focal uptake in the normal brain, liver, spleen or the adrenal gland. Tumor to nontumor ratios were 10-20:1 between 15 to 140 hours after injection. Sites of uptake were confirmed as tumors at surgery in selected patients. Tumor to tissue ratio was 4-14: 1 for blood, 16-58:1 for liver, 5-19:1 for kidney, 10-36:1 for red marrow, and 540-1940:1 for CSF. In all patients sites of iodine uptake were consistent with tumor by conventional radiological studies. Deiodination with stomach excretion was significant. From tissue decay curves, relative radiation to normal organs were 4-12% (to blood 37%) of the tumor dose. Toxicities included pain and shortness of breath, both being reversible. No hematological side effects were noted. The radiolabeled Mab 3F8 might have clinical potentials for the imaging and therapy of human neuroblastomas.
Protein adsorption from seawater onto solid substrata, I. Influences of substratum surface properties and protein concentration

To model non-specific protein adsorption in seawater, partitioning of the plant enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (RuBisCO), from seawater onto a variety of materials (Ti, Cu, Fe, PTFE [Teflon], Polycarbonate, Pyrex) was examined as functions of time and bulk concentration. Protein film thicknesses on titanium and copper varied temporally over 24 h in a laminar flow regime, increasing rapidly in the first hour on both metals and continuing to increase slowly on Ti but decreasing on Cu in the subsequent 15–23 h. Films also varied spatially from 0 to 28 nm on Ti and from 20 to 160 nm on Cu. Desorption kinetics of protein monolayers bound to Ti oxide surfaces were twice as rapid as those bound to Cu oxides. Proteins in overlying layer(s) of multilayered films, bound only to other proteins, desorbed more rapidly than molecules bound to metal oxide surfaces, irrespective of the type of substratum. Isothermic adsorption studies of 3H-RuBisCO indicated that surface concentrations were best described as a first-order function (Γ = KC1/0n) of bulk protein concentration, C0, which was varied from 0.001 to 1050μg cm−3. Surface films varied in thickness from submono- to multilayer coverage. Each substratum material exhibited significantly different binding capacities (K) and adsorption intensities (1/n) and at moderate bulk protein concentrations (10μg cm−3) yielded an overall ranking of adsorption equilibria as follows: Pyrex < PTFE < Ti < PC < Cu < Fe. While the chemical composition of the substratum surfaces varied widely among the six materials tested, the initial critical surface tensions (CST) of these surfaces accounted for 87% of the variance observed in adsorption intensity, 1/n, (excluding Pyrex). In seawater, bulk concentration and substratum CST were shown to be critical in determining rates of non-specific protein adsorption and desorption as well as partitioning equilibria. Results illustrate the complexity of protein adsorption in seawater indicative of multilayered, heterogeneous adsorption at the surface.