cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“When you’re here, you’re not a militant feminist”: volunteer professionalization in a rape crisis center

Many organizations must manage institutional complexity – the presence of competing “logics,” or patterned sets of beliefs, rules, and actions. Some of this management occurs within organizations, such as when managers recruit workers who align with a preferred logic. Often, however, institutional management occurs at the boundaries between organizations that work together despite adhering to competing logics. Boundary-spanners – actors belonging to one organization but interfacing with others – must know how to speak the language of their organizational partners in order to secure resources and accomplish their host organization’s goals. Existing literature on boundary-spanners’ institutional management strategies focuses on organizational elites like executives, top managers, and technical experts. As organizations, particularly social service organizations, become increasingly decentralized, however, boundary-spanning occurs at lower-levels of organizational hierarchies. Drawing on 30 months of participant observation and 20 in-depth interviews in a rape crisis center, I show how low-level organization members like volunteers, who frequently interact with organizational partners including law enforcement and medical professionals, learn to navigate institutional complexity. This advances neoinstitutional theory by showing how in decentralized, diffuse organizations, both organizational elites and members at low-levels of the organizational hierarchy must competently manage their institutional environments.
SOE Reform Discourse Under Xi Jinping

This chapter discusses the second case study: the policy discourse over the mixed-ownership reform of state-owned enterprises under Xi Jinping (2014–2016). The analysis focuses on how Xi’s ideological line, slogans, and directives were operationalized by major groups and influential figures as political rhetoric for persuasion and examines its effects on the dynamics of the discourse and policy outcomes. Through the qualitative analysis and coding of more than 400 periodical articles published in Chinese media outlets, the chapter identifies major rhetoric, their central claims, discursive strategies, rhetorical appeals, and interactions. The chapter concludes that Xi’s China Dream slogan and nationalist ideological line were employed mainly by conservative groups to limit and criticize the reform and performed a division- and conflict-inducing function.
Endovascular Management of a Giant Skull Base Cavernous Aneurysm: Parent Artery Occlusion Is Still a Relevant Strategy.

Cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCAs) are usually considered benign as the natural history of the condition is often asymptomatic; however, CCAs can reach giant proportions and become symptomatic, thus requiring treatment. The introduction of flow diverters has revolutionized management of this condition. However, the parent artery geometry in giant lesions may prove exceedingly difficult to navigate and deploy stents satisfactorily. In such cases, indirect surgical treatment such as proximal occlusion of internal carotid artery (ICA) should be employed. Preoperative balloon test occlusion is indicated before permanent occlusion to identify patients who demonstrate hemispheric ischemia (for possible bypass), but it requires understanding of important operative complications and technical nuances. Endovascular parent artery sacrifice is an effective modality to achieve proximal occlusion. Here, we describe the step-wise management approach in a 53-year-old female with a giant, left CCA presenting with headache and cavernous sinus syndrome who was ultimately successfully treated with endovascular coiling and ICA occlusion. The management of complex lesions such as giant skull base aneurysms requires a sound understanding of vascular anatomy, tools available for evaluation, and physiological interpretation of diagnostic and therapeutic modalities to obtain excellent clinical results and patient satisfaction.
Extending Portfolio Theory to Compound Returns

Exact solutions are presented for the mean, variance, and skewness of compound portfolio returns, with and without periodic rebalancing, in a setting where single-period returns are symmetric. More frequent rebalancing reduces portfolio volatility and is unambiguously preferred by mean-variance investors in the absence of investment skill. However, more frequent rebalancing and broader diversification both reduce compound return skewness. An investor with a sufficiently strong taste for skewness may prefer a more concentrated portfolio that is rebalanced less frequently, even in the absence of investment skill, particularly if the investment horizon is long.
Religious populist parties, nationalisms, and strategies of competition: the case of the AK Party in Turkey

Religious populism features prominently in the global political landscape. This contribution focuses on this particular type of populism, and the political strategies employed by religious populist...
Cutibacterium recovered from deep specimens at the time of revision shoulder arthroplasty samples has increased biofilm-forming capacity and hemolytic activity compared with Cutibacterium skin isolates from normal subjects.

Background Biofilm formation and hemolytic activity are factors that may correlate with the virulence of Cutibacterium. We sought to compare the prevalence of these potential markers of pathogenicity between Cutibacterium recovered from deep specimens obtained at the time of surgical revision for failed shoulder arthroplasty and Cutibacterium recovered from skin samples from normal subjects. Methods We compared 42 deep-tissue or explant isolates with 43 control Cutibacterium samples obtained from skin isolates from normal subjects. Subtyping information was available for all isolates. Biofilm-forming capacity was measured by inoculating a normalized amount of each isolate onto a 96-well plate. Planktonic bacteria were removed, the remaining adherent bacteria were stained with crystal violet, the crystal violet was re-solubilized in ethyl alcohol, and biofilm-forming capacity was quantitated by optical density (OD). Hemolytic activity was measured by plating a normalized amount of isolate onto agar plates. The area of the colony and the surrounding area of blood lysis were measured and reported as minimal, moderate, or severe hemolysis. Results Biofilm-forming capacity was significantly higher in the tissue and explant samples compared with the control skin samples (OD of 0.34 ± 0.30 for deep tissue vs. 0.20 ± 0.28 for skin, P = .002). Hemolytic activity was also significantly higher in the tissue and explant samples than in the control skin samples (P Conclusions Cutibacterium obtained from deep specimens at the time of revision shoulder arthroplasty has higher biofilm-forming capacity and hemolytic activity than Cutibacterium recovered from the skin of normal subjects. These data add support for the view that Cutibacterium harvested from deep tissues may have clinically significant virulence characteristics. The lack of correlation between these clinically relevant phenotypes and subtypes indicates that additional study is needed to identify genotypic markers that better correlate with biofilm and hemolytic activity.
Using Parameterized Optimization to Model a Slip Table

Many different structures are tested in laboratory environments to replicate the operational or field environment. Structures subjected to vibration environments are typically affixed to an electrodynamic shaker table via a test fixture. The fixture with the shaker table system provides the boundary condition and dynamic impedance to the structure under test. Because the shaker system coupled with the test fixture defines the impedance to the structure under test, it is important to be able to model the shaker table system. This is a difficult task due to the complicated interface between the shaker table, oil film, bearings, and seismic mass on which the table rests. This paper uses optimization analysis with a modal projection error objective function to develop a representative shaker table model. This technique uses data to update and provide confidence in the realization of the shaker table model.
Analysis of Gene Expression and Ig Transcription in PU.1/Spi-B-Deficient Progenitor B Cell Lines

A number of presumptive target genes for the Ets-family transcription factor PU.1 have been identified in the B cell lineage. However, the precise function of PU.1 in B cells has not been studied because targeted null mutation of the PU.1 gene results in a block to lymphomyeloid development at an early developmental stage. In this study, we take advantage of recently developed PU.1 −/− Spi-B −/− IL-7 and stromal cell-dependent progenitor B (pro-B) cell lines to analyze the function of PU.1 and Spi-B in B cell development. We show that contrary to previously published expectations, PU.1 and/or Spi-B are not required for Ig H chain ( IgH ) gene transcription in pro-B cells. In fact, PU.1 −/− Spi-B −/− pro-B cells have increased levels of IgH transcription compared with wild-type pro-B cells. In addition, high levels of Ig κ transcription are induced after IL-7 withdrawal of wild-type or PU.1 −/− Spi-B −/− pro-B cells. In contrast, we found that Ig λ transcription is reduced in PU.1 −/− Spi-B −/− pro-B cells relative to wild-type pro-B cells after IL-7 withdrawal. These results suggest that Ig λ, but not IgH or Ig κ, transcription, is dependent on PU.1 and/or Spi-B. The PU.1 −/− Spi-B −/− pro-B cells have other phenotypic changes relative to wild-type pro-B cells including increased proliferation, increased CD25 expression, decreased c-Kit expression, and decreased RAG-1 expression. Taken together, our observations suggest that reduction of PU.1 and/or Spi-B activity in pro-B cells promotes their differentiation to a stage intermediate between late pro-B cells and large pre-B cells.
The comparative biochemistry of the organic matrix proteins of developing enamel. I. Amino acid composition.

Abstract The amino acid composition of the proteins of developing enamel from eleven different species was determined. All of them were characterized by their relatively high concentrations of proline, glutamic acid, leucine and histidine. Combined with previous studies of four other species, the data clearly indicate that the enamel proteins represent a separate class of structural proteins with a characteristic amino acid composition.
What Makes Object-Oriented Database Management Systems Different?

In this paper, we briefly introduce the main features of an object-oriented database management system (OODBMS). We describe the typical architecture of OODBMSs and point out the differences between this architecture and that of a more conventional system (e.g., relational database). We discuss some of the issues involved in implementing this style of database system including the movement of data between client and server in a distributed setting. We also mention some of the unique aspects of querying an object-oriented database.
A House Divided: Party Polarization on Social Welfare Issues

Recently, the general public and the media have paid much attention to an increasing polarization on welfare issues. As Everett Carll Ladd's (1995) survey illustrates in Figure 1, three quarters of the general population agreed on the role of government in welfare in 1988. However, this consensus had disintegrated into a near polar split by 1994. Because the U.S. House of Representatives is supposedly most responsive to popular opinion, the research here uses the House to investigate possible determinants of this trend. I postulate that not only divided government and the decline of the conservative coalition, but also the "Contract With America" have contributed to the development of party unity--and its mirror opposite, party polarization--on welfare issues. I intend to demonstrate three points: (1) the New Deal "conservative coalition" has not declined, (2) that the unity of both parties has increased after the "Contract With America," and (3) that the Democrats remain consistently more unified than the Republicans despite the perception that Republicans are more unified as a result of their"Contract With America." This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol1/iss1/7
Weaving in the Margins: Navajo Men as Weavers

Weaving in the Margins: Navajo Men as Weavers. An online exhibition of the Museum of Indian Arts and Cultures. MAUREEN TRUDELLESCHWARZ
Abstract SY09-04: Cancer crosstalk: miR-200-containing extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell metastasis

Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA Metastasis is the major cause of death of breast cancer patients. Not all cancer cells within a tumor are capable of metastasizing. The microRNA-200 (miR-200) family, which regulates the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, is enriched in the serum of patients with metastatic cancers. Ectopic expression of miR-200 can confer metastatic ability to poorly metastatic tumor cells in some settings. Here, we investigated whether metastatic capability could be transferred between metastatic and nonmetastatic cancer cells via extracellular vesicles. miR-200 was secreted in extracellular vesicles from metastatic murine and human breast cancer cell lines, and miR-200 levels were increased in sera of mice bearing metastatic tumors. In culture, murine and human metastatic breast cancer cell extracellular vesicles transferred miR-200 microRNAs to nonmetastatic cells, altering gene expression and promoting mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. In murine cancer and human xenograft models, miR-200-expressing tumors and extracellular vesicles from these tumors promoted metastasis of otherwise weakly metastatic cells either nearby or at distant sites and conferred to these cells the ability to colonize distant tissues in a miR-200-dependent manner. Together, our results demonstrate that metastatic capability can be transferred by the uptake of extracellular vesicles. Citation Format: Judy Lieberman, Minh Le. Cancer crosstalk: miR-200-containing extracellular vesicles promote breast cancer cell metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr SY09-04. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-SY09-04
Inflorescence features of a new exceptional monoecious Pistacia atlantica Desf. (Anacardiaceae) population in the barbaros plain of İzmir/Turkey

Unusual gender types in some Pistacia species are considered as useful material for pistachio breeding. In this report, the inflorescence characteristics of an exceptional monoecious Pistacia atlantica Desf. tree population were presented. The gender distribution was highly complex and variable among the trees. Some of the branches bore only female or male inflorescences. Also, some branches bore inflorescences belonging to both sexes concurrently. Besides, there were several branches having mixed clusters comprised the flowers of both sexes separately or hermaphrodite flowers in which the pistil and stamen concurrently appeared in some trees. In hermaphrodite flowers, defected floral organs were abundant.
Medical Subspecialty Textbooks in the 21st Century. Essential or Headed for Extinction

In recent years, the role of medical subspecialty textbooks as sources of information for students, trainees, and practicing clinicians has been challenged. Although the structure of textbooks continues to evolve from standard, printed versions to digital formats, including e-books and online texts, we maintain that the authoritative compilation of clinical and scientific material by experts in the field (i.e., a modern-day textbook) remains central to the education, training, and practice of subspecialists. Regardless of format, an effective medical subspecialty textbook is authoritative, comprehensive, and integrated in its coverage of the subject. Textbook content represents a unique synthesis of clinical and scientific material of real educational and clinical value. Incorporation of illustrations, including figures, tables, videos, and audios, bolsters the presentation and further solidifies the reader’s understanding of the subject. The textbook, both printed and digital, reinforces the many widely ...
An immune reaction may be necessary for cancer development

Background The hypothesis of immunosurveillance suggests that new neoplasms arise very frequently, but most are destroyed almost at their inception by an immune response. Its correctness has been debated for many years. In its support, it has been shown that the incidences of many tumor types, though apparently not all, tend to be increased in immunodeficient animals or humans, but this observation does not end the debate.
Kinetics of adenovirus type 2 inactivation with free chlorine

The objective of this study was to elucidate the effects of pH, temperature, and other relevant water quality parameters on the kinetics of adenovirus serotype 2 inactivation with free chlorine. Over a pH range of 6.5-10, a temperature range of 1-30 degrees C, and in a variety of water types, free chlorine was highly effective against adenovirus type 2. Its disinfection efficacy decreased with increasing pH and decreasing temperature, yet was unaffected by hardness and buffering species. Under the most challenging conditions investigated in this study (pH 10, 1 degrees C), a four-log reduction of adenovirus viability would be achieved at a CT value of 2.6mgCl(2)min/L. The inactivation kinetics was characterized by three phases of inactivation under most conditions. The first phase resulted from a reaction involving primarily the hypochlorous acid species and was characterized by rapid inactivation of viruses to a limit that increased with decreasing pH and increasing temperature. After reaching this limit, adenovirus exhibited two subsequent phases of inactivation at lesser rates that were not affected by temperature or pH. As with the first phase of kinetics, a limit of inactivation was approached in the second phase that decreased with increasing pH, and after which the kinetics was characterized by a third and final phase. An inactivation model consistent with these observations was found to provide adequate representation for the free chlorine inactivation of adenovirus serotype 2 as well as that reported in the literature for other adenovirus serotypes.
Cell responsiveness in macaque superior temporal polysensory area measured by temporal discriminants

The firing-rate data from 341 cells from two macaques' superion temporal polysensory area (STPa) were subjected to three different analyses to determine the temporal firing-rate patterns in response to visual optic flow patterns. The data were collected while the monkey viewed four types of optic flow and responded to the change in the display. The mean firing rate (MFR) analysis considered the mean change in firing rate for 500 ms after stimulus onset; the discriminant (DIS) analysis and the principal components (PCA+DIS) analysis considered the change in time-binned firing rate over 1000 ms after stimulus presentation, using bin sizes of 30 to 500 ms. The DIS analysis used a step-down discriminant analysis to find temporal windows in which the cell's firing rate could discriminate among the stimuli; the PCA+DIS analysis extracted the principal components of the cell's firing rates without regard for the stimulus type and then applied a step-down discriminant analysis to the PCA scores to determine whether any of the principal components could discriminate among the stimuli. The two temporal analyses found cells sensitive to the optic flows that the MFR analysis missed. A small proportion of cells showed multiple selectivities under the temporal analyses. Thus, the temporal analyses give a more complete representation of the information encoded by the firing properties of STPa neurons. Finally, this approach incorporates temporal approaches with classical statistical techniques in order to select tuned neurons from a population in an unbiased manner.
Evaluation of Fourier Transform Profilometry Performance: Quantitative Waste Volume Determination Under Simulated Hanford Waste Tank Conditions

The Hanford Site is currently in the process of an extensive effort to empty and close its radioactive single-shell and double-shell waste storage tanks. Before this can be accomplished, it is necessary to know how much residual material is left in a given waste tank and the chemical makeup of the residue. The objective of Mississippi State University’s Institute for Clean Energy Technology’s (ICET) efforts is to develop, fabricate, and deploy inspection tools for the Hanford waste tanks that will (1) be remotely operable; (2) provide quantitative information on the amount of wastes remaining; and (3) provide information on the spatial distribution of chemical and radioactive species of interest. A collaborative arrangement has been established with the Hanford Site to develop probe-based inspection systems for deployment in the waste tanks. ICET is currently developing an in-tank inspection system based on Fourier Transform Profilometry, FTP. FTP is a non-contact, 3-D shape measurement technique. By projecting a fringe pattern onto a target surface and observing its deformation due to surface irregularities from a different view angle, FTP is capable of determining the height (depth) distribution (and hence volume distribution) of the target surface, thus reproducing the profile of the target accurately under a wide variety of conditions. Hence FTP has the potential to be utilized for quantitative determination of residual wastes within Hanford waste tanks. We have completed a preliminary performance evaluation of FTP in order to document the accuracy, precision, and operator dependence (minimal) of FTP under conditions similar to those that can be expected to pertain within Hanford waste tanks. Based on a Hanford C-200 series tank with camera access through a riser with significant offset relative to the centerline, we devised a testing methodology that encompassed a range of obstacles likely to be encountered “in-tank.” These test objects were inspected by use of FTP and the volume of the test objects determined. The volumes of nondescript test objects were independently determined and were not known to the FTP operators. Several stages of testing are ongoing with successive stages imposing aspects that present increasing difficulty and increasingly more accurate approximations of in-tank environments. We report the Stage 1 results of this multi-stage evaluation of FTP performance.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Alcohol Misuse among College Athletes: Self-Medication for Psychiatric Symptoms?

A collegiate athlete population was surveyed for alcohol abuse as well as self-reported depression, anxiety, and other psychiatric symptoms. This study revealed that in a group of 262 athletes ther...
Synthesis of Nucleoside Boranophosphoramidate Prodrugs Conjugated with Amino Acids

Nucleoside boranophosphates and nucleoside amino acid phosphoramidates have been shown to be potent antiviral and anticancer agents with the potential to act as nucleoside prodrugs. A combination of these two types of compounds results in a boranophosphoramidate linkage between the nucleoside and amino acid. This new class of potential prodrugs is expected to possess advantages conferred by both types of parent compounds. Two approaches, specifically the H-phosphonate and oxathiaphospholane approaches, are described here to synthesize nucleoside boranophosphoramidate prodrugs conjugated with amino acids. The H-phosphonate approach involves a key intermediate, silylated nucleoside amino acid phosphoramidite 6, prepared from a series of reactions starting from nucleoside H-phosphonate in the presence of condensing reagent DPCP. Due to the lengthy procedure and the difficulties in removing DPCP from the final products, we switched to the oxathiaphospholane approach in which the DBU-assisted oxathiaphospholan...
Does early treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone alter the course of hepatic regimen-related toxicity?

Hepatic regimen-related toxicity (RRT) is a serious complication of stem cell transplantation. Cytokine activation may be involved in the pathogenesis. Corticosteroids are potent inhibitors of cytokine production, and, therefore could play a role in the treatment of hepatic RRT. Between January 1994 and June 1998, 28 of 782 consecutive transplant patients (3.6%) developed hepatic RRT (20 veno-occlusive disease (VOD) and eight liver dysfunction of uncertain etiology (LDUE) as defined by Seattle criteria), and were treated with high-dose methylprednisolone (MP, 500 mg/m2 i.v. every 12 h for six doses), initiated upon increase in serum total bilirubin to > or =4 mg/dl. Other causes of liver dysfunction were excluded. Response to therapy with high-dose MP was defined as reduction in total bilirubin by 50% within 10 days of initiation of MP. Overall, 17 patients (61%) responded to treatment (12 patients with VOD, five patients with LDUE). The bilirubin in responding patients decreased from a mean of 8.6 mg/dl (range, 4-17.9) at the start of MP to 4.1 mg/dl (range, 0.5-17.9) 10 days later. There were no statistically significant differences between responders and non-responders in the day treatment with high-dose MP was initiated (P = 0.38), total serum bilirubin (P = 0.17) and percent weight gain at the time high-dose MP was started (P = 0.10) or the calculated probability of fatal outcome from VOD (18% for responders, 23% for non-responders; P = 0.30). A lower pre-transplant DLCOc was observed among non-responders (P = 0.04). At 100 days post-transplant, hepatic RRT resolved in all 13 survivors who responded to high-dose MP, and in one non-responding patient. No serious toxicities due to high-dose MP were observed. We conclude that resolution of hepatic RRT occurred in the majority of patients treated with high-dose MP in this study; however, randomized controlled trials are required to determine the efficacy of high-dose MP for treatment of hepatic RRT.
Repeatability of automatic left ventricular cavity volume measurements from myocardial perfusion SPECT

This study sought to assess the repeatability of automatic quantitative measurements of left ventricular (LV) cavity volumes in a large patient population (N=926), to correlate those measurements to similarly obtained LV ejection fraction (LVEF) measurements, and to investigate the relationship between ungated and gated volumes. All 926 patients underwent ungated single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) immediately followed by 8-frame gated SPECT. LV cavity volumes were automatically measured from ungated (V), summed gated (SUMV), end-systolic (ESV) and end-diastolic (EDV) images, and LVEFs derived from the latter 2. Repeatability (SUMV vs V) was very good overall (6.4%±6.6%), further improving for volumes >25 mL (5.7%±5.5%) and >40 mL (5.2%±5.0%). Exponential regression between ESV and LVEF (r=0.925, SEE=15.0 mL) EDV and LVEF (r=0.802, SEE=24.2 mL), and SUMV and LVEF (r=0.867, SEE=19.7 mL) was also very good. Summed gated volumes were closer to ESV than to EDV (43.3%±8.8% of EDV-ESV range). SUMV 110 mL were good substitutes for LVEF >50% and LVEF <40% (93.4% and 97.1%, respectively). Automatic quantitative measurements of gated and ungated volumes with our algorithm are repeatable, correlate well with other global myocardial parameters, and may contribute important additional information to that conventionally provided by myocardial perfusion SPECT studies.
Students’ perceptions of when conceptual development occurs during laboratory instruction

Seventeen first year students experienced the first semester of laboratory instruction of a year-long sequence of general chemistry in a problem-based format, followed by a semester in which the laboratory portion of the course was taught in a traditional manner. At the end of the second semester all the students were administered a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of the different laboratory instructional environments. Fifteen of the seventeen students participated in semi-structured interviews. Analysis of the surveys and interview transcripts showed that seven of the students interviewed believed that the problem-based environment helped them better understand course concepts relative to traditional laboratory instruction, whereas the same number found them to be equally effective. Further analysis of the interview transcripts revealed that different students perceived conceptual development to be occurring at different times during the various types of instruction. For problem-based learning, conceptual development was maximized during the activity while in the laboratory. In the expository environment, however, it was maximized outside of the laboratory, after the experiment had been completed. Both the instructional and research implications of this phenomenon are discussed. [Chem. Educ. Res. Pract., 2007, 8 (2), 140-152]
Multiple Developmental Roles for CRAC, a Cytosolic Regulator of Adenylyl Cyclase

Abstract Receptor-mediated activation of adenylyl cyclase (ACA) inDictyosteliumrequires CRAC protein. Upon translocation to the membrane, this pleckstrin homology (PH) domain protein stimulates ACA and thereby mediates developmental aggregation. CRAC may also have roles later in development since CRAC-null cells can respond to chemotactic signals and participate in developmental aggregation when admixed with wild-type cells, but they do not complete development within such chimeras. To test whether the role of CRAC in postaggregative development is related to the activation of ACA, chemotactic aggregation was bypassed in CRAC-null cells by activating the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). While such strains formed mounds, they did not complete fruiting body morphogenesis or form spores. Expression of CRAC in the prespore cells of these strains rescued sporulation and fruiting body formation. This later function of CRAC does not appear to require its PH domain since the C-terminal portion of the protein (CRAC-ΔPH) can substitute for full-length CRAC in promoting spore cell formation and morphogenesis. No detectable ACA activation was observed in any of the CRAC-null strains rescued by PKA activation and expression of CRAC-ΔPH. Finally, we found that the development of CRAC-null ACA-null double mutants could be rescued by the activation of PKA together with the expression of CRAC-ΔPH. Thus, there appears to be a required function for CRAC in postaggregative development that is independent of its previously described function in the ACA activation pathway.
Interpretation of gravity‐anomalies and sounding‐profiles obtained in the West Indies by the International Expedition to the West Indies in 1932

The work recently completed In the West Indies was dependent on Dr. Meinesz's previous important discoveries in the Dutch East Indies. There he found a narrow band of strong negative anomalies, about 100 miles wide and 5,000 miles long, extending along the southwest side of Sumatra and Java, then crossing northward east of the Philippines. The band is bordered on either side by bands of positive anomalies. The negative strip does not show a direct relation to topography.
Toxicity and carcinogenicity of riddelliine in rats and mice.

Abstract These investigations of riddelliine analyzed potential carcinogenesis and the utility of the female-rat/male-mouse design in bioassays and dose–response. Groups of 50 Fischer rats and B6C3F1 mice were gavage-administered riddelliine 5 days per week for 105 weeks. The dose levels for male rats were 0 or 1.0 mg/kg body weight; female rats 0, 0.01, 0.033, 0.1, 0.33, or 1.0 mg/kg; male mice 0, 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg; and female mice 0 or 3.0 mg/kg. The dose groups were purposely designed to evaluate the dose–response relationship only in female rats and male mice. In rats, liver hemangiosarcoma, hepatocellular adenoma, and mononuclear cell leukemia were significantly increased in the 1.0 mg/kg male and female dose groups. Non-neoplastic lesions occurred in the liver and kidney of male and female rats. In mice, hemangiosarcomas increased significantly in the liver of males in the 3.0 mg/kg dose group. Alveolar/bronchiolar neoplasms in the 3.0 mg/kg dose group of female mice were significantly increased. Hepatocellular neoplasms were significantly decreased in the 1.0 mg/kg dose group of male and 3.0 mg/kg dose groups of male and female mice. Non-neoplastic lesions occurred in the liver and kidney of male and female, and lung and arteries of female mice. These studies demonstrate toxicity and carcinogenicity of riddelliine in rats and mice, and a dose–response relationship in female rats and male mice under the experimental conditions employed.
Extensive Mothering Employed Mothers’ Constructions of the Good Mother

Social scientists have provided rich descriptions of the ascendant cultural ideologies surrounding motherhood and paid work. In this article, I use in-depth interviews with a diverse sample of 40 employed mothers to explore how they navigate the “intensive mother” and “ideal worker” ideologies and construct their own accounts of good mothering. Married mothers in this sample construct scripts of “extensive mothering,” in which they delegate substantial amounts of the day-to-day child care to others, and reframe good mothering as being “in charge” of and ultimately responsible for their children’s well-being. Single mothers describe extensive mothering in different ways, and their narratives suggest less accountability to the “intensive mothering” model. Mothers in this sample also justify employment in novel ways: They emphasize the benefits of employment for themselves—not only their children—and they reject the long work hours imposed by an ideal worker model. The article ends with the implications of e...
Neuroendocrine responses of ventricular tachycardia in humans.

Although the hemodynamic outcome of ventricular tachycardia (VT) has been ascribed primarily to a rate-related shortening of diastole, inappropriately timed atria1 systole, and an abnormal ventricular activation sequence,le4 neuroendocrine factors may help modulate these responses.5-7 Increases in catecholamines and atria1 natriuretic peptide (ANP) have each been shown separately to increase during VT.5-7 However, the responses and interactions of these hormones have not been simultaneously studied. Therefore to assess the responses and interactions of multiple hormones simultaneously to VT, plasma ANP, epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels were obtained before, during, and after VT. Eight patients (age 59 * 6 years [mean * SEMI, range 27 to 75 years) gave informed consent for this study. These patients had a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35 ? 7 % , a resting pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 11 +1 mm Hg, and a cardiac index of 3.0 * 0.5 L/min/m2. Five had coronary artery disease and three had dilated cardiomyopathy. All were in sinus rhythm at the start of the study. Standard quadripolar electrode catheters and a fluid-filled catheter were positioned in the right heart to record intracardiac electrograms and mean right atria1 pressure,
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reduction of Ferrate(VI) in UV-Irradiated Titania Suspensions

The heterogeneous photocatalytic reduction of Fe(VI) in UV-irradiated TiO2 suspensions was conducted in a basic media. Fe(VI) reduction as a function of TiO2 suspensions, Fe(VI) concentrations, and pH was studied. The initial rate of Fe(VI) reduction adheres to the simple Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetics. This and the fractional order with respect to initial Fe(VI) concentrations suggests that the surface reaction is the rate-controlling step. The photocatalytic oxidation of ammonia using TiO2 in the presence and absence of Fe(VI) was also investigated at pH 9.0. Enhancements in the rates of ammonia oxidation and Fe(VI) reduction were observed. The results indicate the formation of Fe(V) by a TiO2 conduction band electron. Fe(V) selectively and rapidly oxidizes compounds; therefore, production of Fe(V) by a photocatalytic technique has a role in synthesis and remediation processes.
Effects of Ambient Temperature on the Relative Reinforcing Strength of MDMA Using a Choice Procedure in Monkeys

Rationale 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, ecstasy) is frequently used in hot environments, such as rave parties. Studies in laboratory animals have shown that ambient temperature can alter the behavioral and neurochemical effects of MDMA.
Critical test evaluation (1977-1992) of drug efficacy against endoparasites featuring benzimidazole-resistant small strongyles (population S) in Shetland ponies.

Abstract Several compounds ( n = 13 single or combinations; most at therapeutic dosages) were evaluated between 1977 and 1992 in critical tests ( n = 91) against benzimidazole (BZ) resistant small strongyles (Population S) and several other species of internal parasites in Shetland ponies, mostly under 1 year old. The closed breeding herd, from which the test ponies were selected, had been treated every 8 weeks with cambendazole (CBZ) for 4 years (1974–1978) and oxibendazole (OBZ) for 14 years (1978–1992). Published field test data (1974–1992) on older ponies in the herd showed BZ resistance of small strongyles. Average efficacies in the present critical tests against small strongyles for OBZ ( n = 59 animals) were high in early years (95% or higher), but gradually declined to a low of 1% in 1991. Side-resistance of small strongyles was evident in critical tests ( n = 1–6/single drug or combination) for several other BZs and a pro-BZ; ivermectin and piperazine were highly active, but pyrantel pamoate exhibited weak activity. BZ resistance was evident for six small strongyle species ( Cyathostomum catinatum, Cyathostomum coronatum, Cylicocyclus nassatus, Cylicostephanus calicatus, Cylicostephanus goldi , and Cylicostephanus longibursatus ). Activity on bots, ascarids, large strongyles, and pinworms was essentially as expected, indicating no drug resistance.
Congressional Bargaining in Agriculture: Cotton

Bargaining among sectional cotton interests in Congress was particularly intense in 1953–54, when a substantial reduction had to be made in the national allotment and then allocated to the various cotton-producing states. Due largely to congressional constraints on committees to achieve some mutually satisfactory aggregation of preferences, this event can be treated as a two-person, mixed-motive bargaining game between eastern and western cotton interests. Through a series of offers and counteroffers, a final solution was reached such that each 1-percent acreage reduction in the east was accompanied by a 2-percent reduction in the west. Furthermore, these final "terms of trade" are the same as were reached in a similar instance of bargaining among cotton interests in 1949, implying some stability in the congressional bargaining process through the course of time.
Computer processing of plasma interferometer signals

A set of FORTRAN IV routines are given that retrieves digitized signals from the data system magnetic tape and performs an analysis of interferometric signals. The use of this data analysis system has increased the overall sensitivity of the interferometer to the low 10$sup 10$ cm$sup -3$ range. (MOW)
CYTOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS RELATED TO STIMULATION OF THE ZONA GLOMERULOSA OF THE ADRENAL GLAND

The structure of the zona glomerulosa of the rat adrenal gland stimulated by sodium restriction has been studied by light and electron microscopy. The major changes observed during the course of the experiment in stimulated glands involve cytoplasmic droplets, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum. There is a progressive decrease in the number of cytoplasmic droplets of low electron opacity. Numerous, greatly elongated mitochondria containing parallel arrays of tubules are noted. These tubules extend from within the mitochondria through gaps in the mitochondrial-limiting membranes into the cytoplasm. In addition, amorphous intramitochondrial deposits, possibly aldosterone precursors, are seen. Increased amounts of smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum, often showing complex arrangements, are another feature of the stimulated zona glomerulosa. Other alterations include the presence of large numbers of dense bodies as well as cytoplasmic droplets of high electron opacity. These observations are discussed in relation to the biosynthesis of aldosterone.
Homogeneous Organometallic Chemistry of Methane

Abstract In this review, the chemistry of well-defined organometallic complexes and their reactivity with the parent hydrocarbon, methane, are described. In some instances, the reactivity of transition metal complexes with other alkanes is also discussed. Historical and current studies related to carbon–hydrogen bond activation with organometallic complexes, in particular methane activation, are the focal point of this review. Seminal work involving oxidative addition/electrophilic activation, σ-bond metathesis, 1,2-CH bond additions, and metalloradical reactions are discussed along with some applications. New transformations such as 1,3-CH bond additions and electrophilic carbene insertion reactions involving methane are also presented along with promising applications in these areas.
Elongate intrusions in eastern Connecticut

The Monson (Glastonbury) tonalite gneiss intrudes the Brimfleld (Bolton) schist in two north-south bands in north-central Connecticut extending northward into Massachusetts east of the Triassic lowland. The intrusion discussed in this paper, mapped as Glastonbury gneiss on the geologic map of Connecticut (1906), is 40 miles long and averages three miles in width; part of the west-central portion is cut by Triassic normal faulting. East of this intrusion a second, even narrower, body of similar gneiss parallels it throughout the entire length, and extends northward to the type-locality of the Monson gneiss in Massachusetts.
The risk of progression to invasive disease

Background Actinic keratoses occasionally progress to invasive skin cancer. The clinician-dermatologist ideally would like to know which lesions are at individual risk. Various investigators have attempted to answer this problem through a variety of clinical research applications including counting individual lesions in populations at risk, in the general population, and by examining insurance claims data and extrapolating incidence figures. Objective The purpose of the study was to ascertain the range of risks for progression of actinic keratoses to invasive skin cancer. Results Five clinical research studies were reviewed that covered a period from 1988 to 1998. Published risk of progression of actinic keratoses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma for individual lesions ranged from 0.025% to 16% per year. Extrapolation from these clinical studies suggests a rate of risk of progression of actinic keratoses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma of ∼8% taken as an average among the cited statistical rates in the studies reviewed. Conclusion Although the rate of progression of actinic keratoses to invasive squamous cell carcinoma statistically occurs at a low percentage rate (∼10%), the problem for the clinician is that the risk over a broad population does not aid in determining the risk factor for the individual lesion. Hence the decision to treat is made on related clinical factors such as history of persistence, age of patient, discomfort, extent of coexisting photodamage, tolerance for morbidity of therapy, and history of skin cancer.
Probing excitonic states in suspended two-dimensional semiconductors by photocurrent spectroscopy

The optical response of semiconducting monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) is dominated by strongly bound excitons that are stable even at room temperature. However, substrate-related effects such as screening and disorder in currently available specimens mask many anticipated physical phenomena and limit device applications of TMDCs. Here, we demonstrate that that these undesirable effects are strongly suppressed in suspended devices. Extremely robust (photogain > 1,000) and fast (response time < 1 ms) photoresponse allow us to study, for the first time, the formation, binding energies, and dissociation mechanisms of excitons in TMDCs through photocurrent spectroscopy. By analyzing the spectral positions of peaks in the photocurrent and by comparing them with first-principles calculations, we obtain binding energies, band gaps and spin-orbit splitting in monolayer TMDCs. For monolayer MoS2, in particular, we obtain an extremely large binding energy for band-edge excitons, Ebind ≥ 570 meV. Along with band-edge excitons, we observe excitons associated with a van Hove singularity of rather unique nature. The analysis of the source-drain voltage dependence of photocurrent spectra reveals exciton dissociation and photoconversion mechanisms in TMDCs.
Growth of MoO3 films by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract The growth of MoO 3 films on SrLaAlO 4 (0 0 1), a substrate lattice-matched to β-MoO 3 , by oxygen plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy was characterized using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopies (AFM and STM). It was found that the flux of reactive oxygen species to the surface was not high enough to maintain the proper stoichiometry, even at the lowest measurable deposition rates. Therefore, the films were grown by depositing Mo in small increments and then allowing the Mo to oxidize. At 675 K, the films grew epitaxially but in a three-dimensional manner. XRD of films grown under these conditions revealed a tetragonal structure that has not been previously observed in bulk MoO 3 samples. Decreasing the growth temperature to 535 K led to polycrystalline α-MoO 3 preferentially aligned with the [0 1 0] and [1 0 0] directions of the grains oriented normal to the substrate. By manipulating the initial growth conditions, relatively flat, epitaxial MoO 3 films could be grown on SrLaAlO 4 (0 0 1). In this case, the equivalent of one layer of β-MoO 3 (0 0 1) was deposited at 675 K before adding several layers of MoO 3 at 550 K. Unlike growth solely at 675 K, the MoO 3 formed in this manner did not dewet the surface when reheated to 675 K and RHEED indicated that continued MoO 3 growth at this temperature proceeded epitaxially. XRD and AFM indicated that films grown in this manner contained α-MoO 3 crystallites in addition to an epitaxial phase that accounted for most of the surface area of the film. STM images of the film that revealed step heights expected for β-MoO 3 (0 0 1), along with RHEED results that revealed in-plane lattice constants consistent with β-MoO 3 , indicated that epitaxial β-MoO 3 films can be grown and that geometric matching to the substrate can stabilize the β phase at temperatures where it is not stable in the bulk.