cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Flow of Helium ii Through Narrow Slits

The hydrodynamic properties of helium ii have been studied by observation of the flow rate in a narrow slit between two flat glass plates. The isothermal, pressure-induced flow rates have been measured with hydrostatic pressures up to 2300 dynes/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$, at temperatures between 1.39 and 2.10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, and with average slit widths of 2.4 and 4.3 microns. For a fixed pressure head, the observed flow rates have the same temperature dependence as the superfluid concentration in helium ii. At pressure heads below 1600 dynes/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ the flow rate is proportional to a power of the pressure. This power is nearly independent of temperature, but may be a function of slit width.
Evidence for lower productivity in the Antarctic Ocean during the last glaciation

BOTH increased biological productivity and more efficient uptake of upwelled nutrients in high-latitude oceans have been proposed1–5 as mechanisms responsible for the glacial reduction in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide deduced from ice-core measurements6–8. These glacial models invoke more efficient "biological pumping9 of carbon into the deep sea by increasing the uptake of 'excess' biolimiting nutrients in the Antarctic surface ocean9 or by reorganizing chemical circulation patterns within the ocean10,11. Here we challenge this conventional view with new evidence from tracers of palaeoproductivity preserved in Antarctic sediments. Records of the accumulation rates of diatom shells, the ratio of germanium to silicon in diatomaceous opal and the carbon isotope ratio in foraminiferal carbonate all suggest lower glacial productivity and less efficient uptake of nutrients. Although alternative interpretations are possible, our results support previous studies that indicate lower glacial productivity in the Southern Ocean12,13 and raise new questions about the role of ocean productivity in models of the causes (or remedies) for changes in atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Stochastic Pre-classification for SDN Data Plane Matching

The Software Defined Networking (SDN) approach has numerous advantages, including the ability to program the network through simple abstractions, provide a centralized view of network state, and respond to changing network conditions. One of the main challenges in designing SDN enabled switches is efficient packet classification in the data plane. As the complexity of SDN applications increases, the data plane becomes more susceptible to Denial of Service (DoS) attacks, which can result in increased delays and packet loss. Accordingly, there is a strong need for network architectures that operate efficiently in the presence of malicious traffic. In particular, there is a need to protect authorized flows from DoS attacks. In this work we utilize a probabilistic data structure to pre-classify traffic with the aim of decoupling likely legitimate traffic from malicious traffic by leveraging the locality of packet flows. We validate our approach by examining a fundamental SDN application: software defined network firewall. For this application, our architecture dramatically reduces the impact of unknown/malicious flows on established/legitimate flows. We explore the effect of stochastic pre-classification in prioritizing data plane classification. We show how pre-classification can be used to increase the effective Quality of Service (QoS) for established flows and reduce the impact of adversarial traffic.
Simultaneous distal radial fractures and carpal bones injuries in children: a review article.

Accurate diagnosis is crucial in effectively managing and treating both the radial and carpal fractures. Injuries to the carpal bones are not usually associated with fractures of the distal radius; however, the presence of a distal radius fracture does not preclude an associated carpal injury. The purpose of this review article is to compile cases of past reported distal radius fractures and simultaneous carpal injuries to restate its low prevalence within the pediatric population while still serving as a collective reference for management and treatment. After an electronic literature search was performed, we identified 18 published articles and 28 cases dealing with combined distal radial and carpal bones injuries in the pediatric population. As the mechanism of injury is similar for both fractures, despite the low incidence, orthopedic surgeons need to rule out carpal injury with a distal forearm fracture. Failure to treat both injuries appropriately may result in an unsatisfactory clinical result. Language: en
Mid-IR luminescence of nanocrystalline II-VI semiconductors doped with transition metal ions

A novel method of transition metal (TM) (Cr, Co and Fe) doped II-VI nanocrystalline quantum dots (NCD) fabrication based on laser ablation was demonstrated. For the first time mid-IR luminescence from TM:II-VI NCD is reported.
Religious Preference, Practice, and Personal Sexual Attitudes and Behavior:

Summary.-This study was conducted to investigate the influence of religious affiliation and religiosity upon reported sexual attitudes and behavior in the South. A Sexual Attitude Survey (SAS) was administered to 509 undergraduate students, divided into Catholics, Protestants, Jews, and nonbelievers and further classified by frequency of monthly church attendance. Results indicated that college men are more sexually liberal than college women regardless of religious preference or religiosity, that sexual liberality decreases with increased frequency of church attendance, and that in general nonbelievers report more liberal sexual attitudes and behavior than Catholics, Protestants, and Jews. Changing sexual attitudes and behavior, or at least the more open discussion of sexual behavioral standards, is a topic of increasing dismay to some, while to others it is an indication of societal progress. Such discussions often yield considerable heat but shed Little light on an admittedly complex subject. Christensen and Carpenter ( 1962 ), comparing samples from three Western societies -the sexually restrictive Mormon culrure of Utah, the more typical United States culture as found in Indiana, and the sexually permissive Scandinavian culrure of Denmark-demonscrated that the general culture of the society or group investigated is the mosc consistent and significant single influence on premarital sexual attitudes and behavior. While the relationship of other variables to sexual attitudes and behavior is unclear, religious preference (affiliation) and practice (religiosity or degree of participation) have long been thought to exert a controlling influence. The literature indicates that religious practice may be a more pertinent variable than religious preference or affiliation. Using a sample of students from colleges and high schools in Virginia and New York, Reiss (1967) found no major differences in permissiveness of sexual attitudes among Protestant, Jewish, and Catholic groups. However, he did report a trend toward more permissive attitudes in such liberal Protestant subgroups as Presbyterians and Episcopalians. Kinsey, ei al. (1948, 1953) classified Ss as Catholic, Jewish, or Protestant and further divided each group into less and more active members. "Active" was
Determinants of early alcohol and drug use among young women in alcoholism treatment

Substance abuse experimentation may be one of several types of problem behaviors. Data from 99 Caucasian women interviewed in alcoholism treatment (19-29 years old) were used to test a developmental model of substance experimentation. Respondents were classified into three groups based on their use prior to age 15: nonusers, users of alcohol only, and users of alcohol and other drugs. Family history of alcoholism was not related to childhood anxiety and impulse control problems. Childhood anxiety and impulse control problems predicted adolescent emotional and impulse control problems but did not differentiate early experimenters. Whereas adolescent emotional problems were not related to early experimentation, early drug and alcohol users were significantly more likely to have engaged in other impulsive behaviors (e.g., running away from home, trouble with school authorities) than were nonusers or users of alcohol only. Alcoholism prevention programs, therefore, would do well to target youth who exhibit acting-out behaviors as a highrisk group for early alcohol and drug use.
Hippocampal RSA in cats during cued and noncued delayed response performance

Hippocampal rhythmical slow activity (RSA) was recorded from four chronically implanted cats during the preresponse interval of both a cued and a noncued delayed response task. Significantly more RSA was recorded during the cued than the noncued delay interval, even though the animals sat essentially immobile throughout the entire delay interval in both the cued and the noncued conditions. The results suggest that the occurrence of immobility-related RSA can be directly influenced by manipulation of a relevant sensory cue.
Effect of Loblolly Pine Root Pruning on Alley Cropped Herbage Production and Tree Growth

Tillage to disrupt (prune) tree roots is an intensive practice which could improve herbage productivity at the crop-tree interface by reducing competition for water. We compared tillage effects on 9- to 11-yr-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) growth and herbage yields of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) and pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] on a fragipan soil in Arkansas. Alley crops were rotationally grown in a 9.7-m wide alley (main plot) between bordering trees on one of three tillage treatments: control (surface tillage), rip followed by surface tillage, and trench plus root barrier followed by surface tillage. Topsoil water in May through September, herbage mass, and nutritive value were measured for each crop for 2 or 3 yr in three subplots systematically arrayed (north, middle, and south) across the alley. Diameter at breast height (DBH, measured 1.3 m above soil surface) and height of border trees were measured annually. Trenching resulted in a more uniform distribution of topsoil water among subplots compared to the other tillage treatments. Annual ryegrass yield did not show a tillage response, but pearl millet yielded more herbage in the rip (6760 kg ha -1 in 2003) and trench (3300 kg ha -1 in 2005) than the control treatment (4990 and 1260 kg ha -1 for 2003 and 2005, respectively). Ripping and trenching significantly reduced loblolly pine DBH and height compared to the control. Similarly configured alley cropping practices probably have little potential for annual herbage production even with root pruning.
SECONDARY BIFURCATION OF QUASI-PERIODIC SOLUTIONS CAN LEAD TO PERIOD MULTIPLICATION*

Perturbation and asymptotic methods are used to obtain the secondary bifurcation of quasi-periodic solutions from periodic solutions for a model problem. It is a two-cell model consisting of a coupled system of van der Pol-Duffing oscillators. The qualitative features of the secondary bifurcation states depends on the detuning of the oscillators. For special values of the detuning the secondary states are periodic. Then it is possible for period multiplication of solutions to occur at the secondary bifurcation point.
Microstructure of ultrananocrystalline diamond films grown by microwave Ar–CH4 plasma chemical vapor deposition with or without added H2

Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films, grown using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with gas mixtures of Ar–1%CH4 or Ar–1%CH4–5%H2, have been examined with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The films consist of equiaxed nanograins (2–10 nm in diameter) and elongated twinned dendritic grains. The area occupied by dendritic grains increases with the addition of H2. High resolution electron microscopy shows no evidence of an amorphous phase at grain boundaries, which are typically one or two atomic layer thick (0.2–0.4 nm). Cross-section TEM reveals a noncolumnar structure of the films. The initial nucleation of diamond occurs directly on the Si substrate when H2 is present in the plasma. For the case of UNCD growth from a plasma without addition of H2, the initial nucleation occurs on an amorphous carbon layer about 10–15 nm thick directly grown on the Si substrate. This result indicates that hydrogen plays a critical role in determining the nucleation interface between the UNCD...
Effects of Antioxidants on the Thermal Degradation of a Polyol Ester Lubricant Using GPC

The thermal degradation of a polyol ester lubricant used as the main component of textile fiber finishes at high temperature (i.e., 220 °C) has been studied to model the real-world degradation of finishes on fiber manufacturing equipment. Chemical and physical analyses were performed on the thermally stressed lubricants using a combined analytical technique to measure the progress of degradation in the lubricant. The effects of two commonly used antioxidants in the fiber industry and two secondary arylamine antioxidants used in turbine engine oil on the thermal behavior of the lubricants were investigated. Phenyl-α-naphthylamine (PAN) shows a significant improvement in the thermal stability of the lubricant used in this study and could be considered as a potential fiber finish antioxidant for the textile industry.
An investigation of the loading rate dependence of the Weibull stress parameters

Abstract This paper examines the dependence of the Weibull stress parameters on loading rate for a 22NiMoCr37 pressure vessel steel. Extensive fracture tests, including both quasi-static and dynamic tests, are conducted using deep- and shallow-cracked SE(B) specimens. The fracture specimens are carefully prepared to ensure the crack fronts are placed at the location where the material is homogeneous. Three dynamic loading rates (in terms of the stress intensity factor rate, K ˙ J ) in the low-to-moderate range are considered. The load-line velocities for the dynamic tests are chosen so that the resulted K ˙ J values for the deep- and shallow-cracked specimens are the same. Independent calibrations performed at each loading rate (quasi-static and the three dynamic loading rates) using deep- and shallow-cracked fracture toughness data show that the Weibull modulus, m, is invariant of loading rate. The calibrated m-value is 7.1 for this material. Rate dependencies of the scale parameter (σu) and the threshold parameter (σw-min) are computed using the calibrated m and the results indicate that σu decreases and σw-min increases with higher loading rates. The demonstrated loading rate invariant of m, when combined with the master curve for dynamic loading, can provide a practical approach which simplifies the process to estimate σu as a function of loading rate.
INCORPORATION OF H 3 ‐THYMIDINE IN LEAF NUCLEI OF XANTHIUM PENNSYLVANICUM

A B S T R A C T The basic kinetics and the pattern of incorporation of 113-thymidine was studied in the leaf lamina of Xanthium pennsylvanicum. A method of foliar absorption was used to incorporate the radioisotope into leaf nuclei. The autoradiographic techniques employed provided data on the amount of the isotope incorporated. It was determined that 10 ,uc/ml (sp. act. 6.7 c/mmole) of H3-thymidine with 1-8 hr of isotopic growth and 4 hr of postisotopic growth gave the most satisfactory results. The percent of labelled nuclei and the number of grains per nucleus were presented as functions of isotopic and postisotopic growth periods. Distribution of grains in the nuclei approximated the Poisson distribution at 1 hr of isotopic growth. Increased time of isotopic growth changed the pattern of grain distribution. No deleterious effects were observed using an 8-hr period of isotopic growth, but prolonged incubation time significantly decreased the proportion of mitotic figures in the lamina. The amount of incorporation of the DNA precursor expressed as percent of labelled nuclei was linear to about 16 hi of isotopic growth and thereafter decreased gradually. As indicated by the average number of grains per nucleus, H3-thymidine incorporation increased to about 16 hr, and soon after reached a saturation level. The percent of labelled nuclei and the number of grains per nucleus decreased as a function of the postisotopic growth period. However, they were significantly greater in the lamina near the vein than in the lamina region at some distance from the vein. The radioactive precursor was initially absorbed by the cells of the lamina and was subsequently translocated into the vascular system. There it was circulated and made available to the dividing cells near veins of the lamina. This region may be a metabolically distinci part of the lamina with significantly higher rates of incorporation and mitotic turnover.
Evaluating nuclei concentration in amyloid fibrillation reactions using back-calculation approach.

BACKGROUND In spite of our extensive knowledge of the more than 20 proteins associated with different amyloid diseases, we do not know how amyloid toxicity occurs or how to block its action. Recent contradictory reports suggest that the fibrils and/or the oligomer precursors cause toxicity. An estimate of their temporal concentration may broaden understanding of the amyloid aggregation process. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Assuming that conversion of folded protein to fibril is initiated by a nucleation event, we back-calculate the distribution of nuclei concentration. The temporal in vitro concentration of nuclei for the model hormone, recombinant human insulin, is estimated to be in the picomolar range. This is a conservative estimate since the back-calculation method is likely to overestimate the nuclei concentration because it does not take into consideration fibril fragmentation, which would lower the amount of nuclei CONCLUSIONS Because of their propensity to form aggregates (non-ordered) and fibrils (ordered), this very low concentration could explain the difficulty in isolating and blocking oligomers or nuclei toxicity and the long onset time for amyloid diseases.
Self-disclosure in social media

Computer mediated communication tools have multiplied the possibilities to stay in touch and interact with the people in our social network. The dynamics of use for these tools suggest changes in the context of self-disclosure. Although research has explored online self-disclosure of students (who are expressing large breaches in previous norms of privacy regulation), much less attention has been paid to disclosure behavior of older, and particularly experienced users. A mixed-method approach will be used to explore different aspects of this complex phenomenon, including a survey, interviews and experience sampling. Results of this project should reveal the most salient drivers for online Self-Disclosure for this group.
CD40 ligand increases expression of its receptor CD40 in human coronary artery endothelial cells

Background Recently, CD40 ligand (CD40L) and its receptor CD40 have been implicated in atherosclerosis. Clinical data showed that elevated CD40L levels are associated with a high risk of cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CD40L could affect the expression of its membrane receptor CD40 as a feedback mechanism by which CD40L could enhance its functions in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Methods The HCAECs were treated with human soluble CD40L, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels of CD40 were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. The specific effect of CD40L was confirmed by a blocking experiment with antibody against CD40L. Involvements of oxidative stress and mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were also studied with antioxidant seleno-L-methionine (SeMet) and MAPK inhibitors such as extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor. Results When HCAECs were cultured with CD40L (5 μg/mL) for 24 hours, CD40 mRNA levels were increased by 79% compared with controls (P Conclusions These data demonstrate that clinically relevant concentration of CD40L increased the expression of its receptor CD40 in HCAECs. The CD40L-induced upregulation of CD40 may be mediated by oxidative stress and ERK1/2 activation. This study suggests a new mechanism by which CD40L could enhance its biologic functions in the vascular system and contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vascular disease.
Growth of calluses derived from shoot apical meristems of adult and juvenile english ivy (Hedera helix L.)

Abstract Calluses were initiated from shoot apical meristems of adult- and juvenile-phase English ivy ( Hedera helix L.). Explants, which included the apical dome and no more than 2 visible leaf primordia, were grown on modified White's medium supplemented with 200 mg/l enzymatic casein hydrolysate, 100 mg/l myo-inositol, 0.5 mg/l α-napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 2.0 mg/l 6-benzylamino purine (BAP). Fresh weight growth index of juvenile-phase callus was approx. 3.5 times that of adult-phase callus. Microspectrophotometric analysis of nuclear DNA content revealed no differences between adult- and juvenile-phase meristem cell nuclei and no indication of endopolyploidy in these cells. Fifteen-week-old calluses of both phases has accumulated a population of tetraploid cells and adult-phase calluses had approx. three times as many polyploid cells as did juvenile-phase calluses. The results indicate the cells of adult- and juvenile-phase shoot apical meristems posses intrinsic, physiological differences which are expressed in the absence of factors associated with sub-apical, differentiated tissues or meristem structure and organization. Further, these differences are qualitatively similar to those previously reported for calluses derived from cells of differentiated tissues.
Portable parallel programming in a Fortran environment

Abstract Experience using the Argonne-developed PARMACs macro package to implement a portable parallel programming environment is described. Fortran programs with intrinsic parallelism of coarse and medium granularity are easily converted to parallel programs which are portable among a number of commercially available parallel processors in the class of shared-memory bus-based and local-memory network based MIMD processors. The parallelism is implemented using standard UNIX tools and a small number of easily understood synchronization concepts (monitors and message-passing techniques) to construct and coordinate multiple cooperating processes on one or many processors. Bencmark results are presented for parallel computers such as the Alliant FX/8, the Encore MultiMax, the Sequent Balance, the Intel iPSC/2 Hypercube and a network of Sun 3 workstations. These parallel machines are typical MIMD types with 8–30 processors, such rated at 1–10 Mips processing power. The demonstration code used for this work is a Monte Carlo simulation of the response to photons of a “nearly realistic” lead, iron and plastic electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter, using the EGS4 code system.
Early Time Points Perfusion Imaging: Theoretical Analysis of Correction Factors for relative cerebral blood flow Estimation Given Local Arterial Input Function

If local arterial input function (AIF) could be identified, we present a theoretical approach to generate a correction factor based on local AIF for the estimation of relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) under the framework of early time points perfusion imaging (ET). If C(t), the contrast agent bolus concentration signal time course, is used for rCBF estimation in ET, the correction factor for C(t) is the integral of its local AIF. The recipe to apply the correction factor is to divide C(t) by the integral of its local AIF to obtain the correct rCBF. By similar analysis, the correction factor for the maximum derivative (MD1) of C(t) is the maximum signal of AIF and the correction factor for the maximum second derivative (MD2) of C(t) is the maximum derivative of AIF. In the specific case of using normalized gamma-variate function as a model for AIF, the correction factor for C(t) (but not for MD1) at the time to reach the maximum derivative is relatively insensitive to the shape of the local AIF.
Polymer Interphase Self‐Reinforcement and Strengthening Mechanisms in Low‐Loaded Nanocomposite Fibers

The effect of filler concentration on structure–property relationships in polymer composites with low nanocarbon loadings is investigated. It is found that strength increases with grain/lamellae microstructural changes. As the grain/lamellae structure becomes finer, the strength improves linearly. This shows that polymeric nanocomposites can exhibit behavior analogous to metallic materials.
Angle trisection, the heptagon, and the triskaidecagon

Dr. Gleason graduated from Yale in 1942 and then served four years . . j in the Navy. After the war he went to Harvard as a Junior Fellow in the ;;, Society of Fellows. Except for an interlude in the Navy from 1950-52, he has been at Harvard ever since. He now holds the Hofis Professorship of Mathematicks and Natural Philosophy, a chair that was endowed in 1727. Although he has no doctor's degree, he says that George Mackey was the equivalent of his dissertation supervisor. He has worked in several areas including topological groups, Banach algebras, finite geometries, and coding theory. He received the Newcomb Cleveland prize of the AAAS in 1952. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences and is a former president of the American Mathematical Society.
Intrinsic paramagnetic dimers in the magneli titanium oxides

Abstract An intense EPR spectrum observed between 90 and 150 K in single crystals of Ti 5 O 9 , Ti 6 O 11 Ti 7 O 13 and Ti 8 0 15 is attributed to Ti 2 7+ oxygen-bridged dimers present as intrinsic components of the crystal structures. Very much weaker EPR signals detected in Ti 4 0 7 and Ti 9 O 17 are attributed to defect species.
A Proportional Liquid Effluent Sampler for Large-Volume Flows

Abstract A proportional sampler for large-volume liquid flows has been designed, installed, and tested at the White Oak Creek Dam. The basic unit consists of a circulating pump and a collecting vessel controlled by an overflow pipe which varies in height in proportion to the head of the stream. The sampling period is normally 10 minutes and can be adjusted for optimum conditions by regulating the timing mechanism. It is adaptable to wide variations in stream head, requires little maintenance, and minimizes clogging resulting from debris, incrustation, and algae formations.
The Future of Teachers and Teaching: Imperatives and Possibilities.

(1988). The future of teachers and teaching: Imperatives and possibilities. Peabody Journal of Education: Vol. 65, About Teachers and Teaching, pp. 74-87.
An investigation of radiative transition probabilities for the A1Σu+-X1Σg+ bands of Na2

The absolute radiative transition probabilities are calculated for previously observed spontaneous emission from A1Σu+ (v′,J′) → X1Σg+ (v″, J″ = J′ ± 1) reported in the preceding paper and by Woerdman (Chem. Phys. Lett. 53, 219 (1978)). The calculations employ accurate hybrid potential energy curves, based on Rydberg-Klein-Rees (RKR), ab initio and long-range results, and a hybrid transition moment function, based on ab initio calculations. These calculated probabilities are compared with the various experimental results; while overall agreement is reasonable, detailed differences do occur.
Sweating responses in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

Abstract o 1. The evaporative water loss of three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta), two males and one female, was measured between 20·1 and 45·0°C. 2. The rhesus monkey had a steady increase in evaporative water loss between 20·1 and 40·0°C. A sharp increase in water loss, due to sweat production occurred at 40·0°C and rose steeply through 45·0°C. 3. Between 20·1 and 44·0°C the monkeys were able to maintain a normal rectal temperature but were unable to maintain normal rectal temperature between 44 and 45°C. 4. Three rhesus monkeys were given a starch iodine colorimetric sweat test. The most active areas of sweat production were the side of the thorax, the ventral side of the thigh (5 cm above the knee), the extreme upper medial thigh, and pubic region. No active sweating was observed on the mid-dorsal thoracic area or axillary region. Upon termination of this test (190 min of restraint and 130 min at 40·6°C) all three monkeys were in clinical shock. One monkey died 3 hr after termination of the test.
Autofocus vs. voxel projection for vertical tracking in scanning cytometry

Raster scanning a microscope slide to obtain morphometric and fluorometric parameters of cells requires a method for tracking the focus positions. The vertical position of each field is unpredictable because of the irregularity of glass surfaces, the flexibility of thin coverslips, the mechanical instability of microscope and the varying thickness of the tissue layers. The conventional method for vertical tracking is autofocus. For autofocus, the best focus is calculated from measures of sharpness computed on a set of images acquired at each of several vertical test positions. The focus is then set to this position for acquisition of a final image. The vertical position could also be tracked by voxel projection, with the set of test images at a microscope field treated as a single 3D image of voxels. A 2D projection is created from a 3D image by retaining only the in-focus voxels. For fluorescence confocal microscopy, a projection is usually formed by selecting the maximum intensity voxels. Another technique would be to use the maximum absolute value of the highpass filtered image. The highpass projection may have advantages for fluorescence images and, unlike the maximum projection, would also be applicable to transmission microscopy. The advantage of highpass projection is that the final image is a composite of the most sharply focused voxels. The advantages and disadvantages of these vertical positioning techniques are compared with images of DAPI-stained cell nuclei.
Cerebrospinal fluid from morphine-dependent rats precipitates opiate abstinence syndrome

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was withdrawn from opiate-dependent rats following six hours of abstinence. It was infused into the third ventricle of opiate-dependent rats, precipitating immediate abstinence signs. The effect was similar to that of infusing the opiate antagonist naloxone, suggesting that opiate-dependent organisms may secrete an endogenous opiate antagonist substance. CSF withdrawn from non-dependent rats failed to precipitate an abstinence syndrome in morphine-dependent recipients. Conversely, CSF withdrawn from opiate-dependent rats following six hours of abstinence failed to precipitate an abstinence syndrome in non-dependent recipients. The active factor in the CSF is probably a peptide since it is filterable through a 10,000 MW filter and its activity is destroyed by three different proteolytic enzymes.
The role of gender and emotion in women's experience of migration

Abstract This paper focuses on the emotional implications of the crossing of borders and boundaries, both geographical and psychological, implied in the process of immigration. It discusses the main issues and consequences of the process of crossing borders and boundaries for women immigrants in terms of country, transformation of gender and family roles, and language. Particular emphasis is placed on how these issues affect the emotional life and development of women and girls. The life narrative as an expression of as well as a tool for the study of emotions is discussed. The paper is based on data from a study on immigrant women conducted by the author. Some suggestions about aspects of these experiences that are yet to be explored are presented.
Direct Observation of Pinning and Bowing of a Single Ferroelectric Domain Wall

We have made a direct optical observation of pinning and bowing of a single 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} ferroelectric domain wall under a uniform applied electric field using a collection mode near-field scanning optical microscope. The domain wall is observed to curve between the pinning defects, with a radius of curvature determined by the material parameters and the applied electric field. The change in birefringence with applied field is used to infer the orientation of the internal field at the domain wall.
CT and MRI findings with histopathologic correlation of a unique bilateral orbital mantle cell lymphoma in Graves' disease: a case report and brief review of literature.

Bilateral orbital mantle cell lymphoma is rare. We present an unusual case report of a patient with Graves’ disease and no previous history of lymphoma, who was found to have bilateral orbital mantle cell lymphoma on CT and MR imaging which was confirmed histopathologically. To our knowledge, there have been no previously described cases of bilateral mantle cell lymphoma in Graves’ disease. Of particular radiologic interest, the left orbital mass presented in a bicompartmental fashion with a discreet intraconal component separated by a fat plane from an extraconal component that extended intraconally. In our review of radiologic literature, this presentation has not been described previously.
Epiphyte loads on seagrasses and microphytobenthos abundance are not reliable indicators of nutrient availability in oligotrophic coastal ecosystems

Despite marked gradients in nutrient availability that control the abundance and species composition of seagrasses in south Florida, and the importance of nutrient availability in controlling abundance and composition of epiphytes on seagrasses in other locations, we did not find that epiphyte load on the dominant seagrass, Thalassia testudinum, or that the relative contribution of algal epiphytes to the epiphyte community, was positively correlated with nutrient availability in the water column or the sediment in oligotrophic seagrass beds. Further, the abundance of microphytobenthos, as indicated by Chlorophyll-a concentration in the sediments, was not directly correlated with concentrations of nutrients in the sediments. Our results suggest that epiphyte and microphytobenthos abundance are not unambiguous indicators of nutrient availability in relatively pristine seagrass environments, and therefore would make poor candidates for indicators of the status and trends of seagrass ecosystems in relatively low-nutrient environments like the Florida Keys.
Surface states on reconstructed diamond (111)

With the use of angle-resolved photoemission with synchrotron radiation, surface states on the (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)/(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2) reconstructed diamond (111) surface are characterized. These states cover an energy range of about 2 eV and exhibit maximum emission intensity at 1 eV below the valence-band maximum in normal emission (i.e., at the center $\overline{\ensuremath{\Gamma}}$ of the surface Brillouin zone). The symmetry is determined to be ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{1}(s,{p}_{z}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{i}\mathrm{k}\mathrm{e})$ by using polarization selection rules. For off-normal emission an upwards energy dispersion by about 1 eV is seen. This behavior is similar to the energy position, dispersion, and symmetry of surface states on the Si(111)-(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) cleavage plane and in contrast with the momentum distribution of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ band of graphite which is peaked at the boundary of the surface Brillouin zone.
Coronary artery fistula coexisting with a ventricular septal defect due to a penetrating gunshot wound

We describe a patient who survived a penetrating gunshot wound to the chest. Cardiac evaluation including echocardiography and cardiac catheterization revealed a coronary artery fistula and a ventricular septal defect. This combination has been rarely reported in patients with penetrating cardiac injury. Follow-up echocardiography performed 15 mo later showed persistent left-to-right shunt. This is the first case in the literature demonstrating the natural history of combined coronary artery fistula and ventricular septal defect without surgical correction.
Gel formation with leucocytes and heparin.

Abstract Heparin in concentrations of 5–225 units/ml caused suspensions of thymus lymphocytes, spleen or bone marrow cells to gel. The extent of gel formation was related to concentration of heparin and of cells. The reaction was observed only with intact cells and was temperature-dependent. It did not require Ca ++ , was not inhibited with EDTA, adenosine, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, or phosphodiesterase inhibitors and, in this respect, differed from platelet aggregation induced by heparin. Since heparin is released along with histamine from mast cells during injury and certain forms of allergic reaction, a possible role for heparin in promoting accumulation of white cells in the extravascular space is suggested.
ELEVATED SERUM TRANSAMINASE RATIO IS A PREDICTOR OF CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE EVEN IN ABSENCE OF ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

Metabolic syndrome is correlated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). Studies have shown a link between elevated aspartate transaminase/alanine transaminase (AST/ALT) ratio (marker of long standing NAFLD) and presence of ST-segment elevation myocardial
Tissue factor pathway inhibitor and the current concept of blood coagulation.

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) is a multivalent, Kunitz-type plasma proteinase inhibitor that regulates tissue factor-induced coagulation. TFPI directly inhibits activated factor X and, in a factor Xa-dependent manner, produces feedback inhibition of the factor VIIa/tissue factor catalytic complex. The properties of this inhibitor help explain the clinical need for ‘extrinsic’ and ‘intrinsic’ coagulation pathways and have led to a reformulation of the coagulation cascade. In the revised hypothesis, factor VIIa/tissue factor is responsible for the initiation of coagulation but, owing to TFPI-mediated feedback inhibition, amplification of the procoagulant response though the actions of factor VIII, IX and XI is required for sustained haemostasis.
APPLICATION OF WAVELETS IN DETECTION OF CAVITIES UNDER PAVEMENTS BY SURFACE WAVES

Application of wavelet transforms in the detection of underground shallow cavities is investigated. Wave propagation is simulated through a transient response analysis on an axisymmetric finite element model. Cavities in a homogeneous half-space and a pavement system of a variety of shapes and embedment depths are considered. The continuous wavelet transform is introduced as a new tool for cavity detection. Effects of different types of cavities on power spectral surfaces (power spectral amplitudes versus frequency and receiver location) and Gaussian wavelet time-frequency maps (wavelet transform coefficients versus time and frequency) are studied. Results show strong energy concentration in power spectral surfaces right in front of a cavity in certain frequency bands. Time and frequency signatures of waves reflected from near and far faces of the cavity can be clearly observed in the wavelet time-frequency maps. These observations are used to locate and estimate the size of the cavity. It is demonstrated that the wavelet transform is a promising analysis tool for cavity detection and characterization.
Roles, culture, and computer-supported collaborative work on planet oit

The Geology Explorer is a multi-user geologic simulation created by North Dakota State University's World Wide Web Instructional Committee (WWWIC). This paper briefly describes the recent developments to the Geology Explorer Planet Oit software, both pedagogically and organizationally. The difference between group and individual goals is described, and how educational and cultural theories contributed to their creation. The results of a recent pilot study are reported, and research directions indicated by those results are outlined.
The Adsorption of Gemini and Conventional Surfactants onto Some Soil Solids and the Removal of 2-Naphthol by the Soil Surfaces.

Abstract The adsorption of two cationic gemini surfactants, [C n H 2 n +1 N + (CH 3 ) 2 -CH 2 CH 2 ] 2 ·2Br − , where n =12 and 14, on limestone, sand, and clay (Na-montmorillonite) from their aqueous solution in double-distilled water and the effect of this adsorption on the removal of 2-naphthol have been studied. Compared to those of conventional cationic surfactants with similar single hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups (C n H 2 n +1 N + (CH 3 ) 3 ·Br − , where n =12 and 14), the molar adsorptions of the gemini and the conventional surfactants on Na-montmorillonite are almost identical and very close to their cation exchange capacities. On sand and limestone, the molar adsorption of the cationic gemini surfactants is much larger than that of their corresponding conventional surfactants. Adsorption studies of the pollutants onto the three kinds of solids treated by either the gemini or the conventional surfactants show that the former are both more efficient and more effective at removing 2-naphthol from the aqueous phase. On all three soil solids, the addition of KBr increases the efficiency of the adsorption of both types of cationics and for most cases increases also the maximum amount adsorbed, but decreases slightly the efficiency of removal of 2-naphthol. On limestone, the anionic gemini adsorbs with one hydrophilic group oriented toward the Ca 2+ sites on the surface and its second hydrophilic group oriented toward the aqueous phase. The conventional anionic surfactant forms a double layer. The gemini anionic is more efficient and more effective than the conventional anionic in the removal of 2-naphathol from the aqueous phase. Both anionic conventional and gemini surfactants have no adsorption on sand. The adsorption mechanisms for all the surfactants on the three soil solid surfaces are discussed.
Adsorption of water in activated carbons: Effects of pore blocking and connectivity

We present a simulation study of the adsorption mechanism of water in a realistic carbon structure. Water molecules are modeled using a recently developed fixed-point charge water model optimized to the vapor−liquid coexistence properties.1 Reverse Monte Carlo techniques2 are used to generate a realistic porous carbon model composed of graphitic microcrystals consisting of rigid basal plates. Arrangements of the carbon plates are driven by a systematic refinement of simulated carbon−carbon radial distribution functions to match experimentally measured radial distribution functions. The adsorption of water in activated (having oxygenated surface groups) and nonactivated (graphitic) carbon is investigated using the grand canonical Monte Carlo simulation method. The adsorption behavior is found to be strongly dependent on the presence of activated sites. No appreciable adsorption occurs in the graphitic carbon until the pressure approaches the bulk gas saturation pressure. Effects of the surface site density...
HLA ANTIGENS IN ASIAN INDIANS: HLA-D-DR RELATIONSHIPS

Abstract Fifty-nine Asian Indians were typed for HLA-A, B, D, and DR antigens. Peculiar to the population that we have tested was the absence of HLA-A25, B13, B14, DR1, DW1, LD13 (a DR1-associated HLA-D allele), and LD12 (a DR4-associated HLA-D allele). Certain haplotypes that exhibit high frequencies in Caucasians (such as A2-BW50, AW24-B18, B8-DR3, BW44-DR7, B18-DR5) or in Blacks (such as A29-B7) also show significant delta in Asian Indians. The HLA-D-DR associations previously described in European and North American Causcasians were also found in Asian Indians. Additionally, however, Asian Indians exhibited two new HLA-D antigens, one associated with DR5 and the other with DRw6. The genetic distance between Asian Indians and Caucasians, Blacks, or Mongoloids is of the same order of magnitude.
New fermionic formula for unrestricted Kostka polynomials

A new fermionic formula for the unrestricted Kostka polynomials of type An-1(1) is presented. This formula is different from the one given by Hatayama et al. and is valid for all crystal paths based on Kirillov-Reshetikhin modules, not just for the symmetric and antisymmetric case. The fermionic formula can be interpreted in terms of a new set of unrestricted rigged configurations. For the proof a statistics preserving bijection from this new set of unrestricted rigged configurations to the set of unrestricted crystal paths is given which generalizes a bijection of Kirillov and Reshetikhin.
Virus defectiveness and cell transformation in the Rous sarcoma

The Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) is unique among tumor viruses in the great speed and high frequency with which it induces the malignant transformation in the infected cell. It is also unique in its defectiveness — it cannot reproduce new, infectious virus particles unless a helper virus is present. Such a helper virus, known as RAV, occurs in stocks of the Bryan high titer strain of RSV. It is a member of the avian leukosis group of viruses. All the other avian leukosis viruses tested to date can substitute for RAV as helper viruses. An analysis has been carried out of the independent and helper-dependent functions of RSV. RSV carries out the malignant transformation of cells without the aid of helper virus and controls the morphology of the transformation. It also reproduces its own genetic material in solitary infection. However, it is completely dependent on helper virus for synthesis of its protein coat. As a result, RSV bears the antigenic identity of its helper virus. By using different helper viruses, it has been found that the ability of RSV to infect chicken cells of a given genetic constitution depends on the coat of the virus. In addition, the susceptibility of RSV to interference by leukosis viruses depends on similarity between the coat of the leukosis virus and that of the super-infecting RSV. The results to date indicate both these forms of cellular resistance to RSV are associated with the failure of RSV to penetrate the cell.
Ethnic Identity and the Gospel of Reconciliation

Closer proximity through powerful communication systems seems to have made people more assertive of their identities, especially their cultural or ethnic identities. The consciousness of the cultural self and the cultural other has become one of the most important political tools in the societal life. Ethnic identity assertions have been blamed as the cause of much dissensions and violence. In dealing with ethnic relations, scholars have found that the proximate other is the most difficult other to deal with. Is identity assertion then the enemy of reconciliation? This article argues that it need not be. By arguing that identity is a relational entity formed in the consciousness of the self in relation to the other (non-self), a healthy and respectful way of perceiving the other can be cultivated. A truthful recognition of the otherness of the other leads to what theologian Miroslav Volf calls "double vision" (the ability to view not only "from here" but also "from there") which is the essential step to "embrace" the other. Christian mission is about crossing the boundary between the self and the other, and the challenge is to love the neighbor (proximate other) as oneself. Self-privileging through self-consciousness of being the elect of God withheld the Christian sense of its missionary nature for a long time. The Church's missionary calling of being other-centered rather than being self-centered is the theological foundation for a conciliatory existence.