cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Aspects of the Heat of Adsorption in the Function of a Boundary Lubricant

The empirical relationship between the rate of adhesive wear and the ratio of load to hardness has been extended to consider the presence of a lubricant film on the surface. The expression contains two parameters, one of which is specific to characteristics of the lubricant and the other specific to characteristics of the sliding metal couple. A model is developed which considers the heat of adsorption as the controlling factor in the effectiveness of the boundary lubricant. The wear rate of a copper pin sliding against a steel disk with n-hexadecane as lubricant was determined as a function of load, sliding velocity, and temperature. Confirmation of the model is observed and the calculated heat of adsorption is 11.5 kcal per mole. The estimated wear coefficient for that portion of the real area of contact which is metal-metal is about 0.2. This suggests that the probability will be near unity that a wear partiole will be formed. Presented as an American Society of Lubrication Engineers paper at the Lubri...
ATP Dependence of Na+-Driven Cl–HCO3 Exchange in Squid Axons

Squid giant axons recover from acid loads by activating a Na+-driven Cl–HCO3 exchanger. We internally dialyzed axons to an intracellular pH (pH i ) of 6.7, halted dialysis and monitored the pH i recovery (increase) in the presence of ATP or other nucleotides, using cyanide to block oxidative phosphorylation. We computed the equivalent acid-extrusion rate (J H) from the rate of pH i increase and intracellular buffering power. In experimental series 1, we used dialysis to vary [ATP] i , finding that Michaelis-Menten kinetics describes J H vs. [ATP] i , with an apparent V max of 15.6 pmole cm−2 s−1 and K m of 124 μM. In series 2, we examined ATPγS, AMP-PNP, AMP-PCP, AMP-CPP, GMP-PNP, ADP, ADPβS and GDPβS to determine if any, by themselves, could support transport. Only ATPγS (8 mM) supported acid extrusion; ATPγS also supported the HCO 3 − -dependent 36Cl efflux expected of a Na+-driven Cl–HCO3 exchanger. Finally, in series 3, we asked whether any nucleotide could alter J H in the presence of a background [ATP] i of ∼230 μM (control J H = 11.7 pmol cm−2 s−1). We found J H was decreased modestly by 8 mM AMP-PNP (J H = 8.0 pmol cm−2 s−1) but increased modestly by 1 mM ADPβS (J H = 16.0 pmol cm−2 s−1). We suggest that ATPγS leads to stable phosphorylation of the transporter or an essential activator.
Real-time simulation of nucleation and growth of vacuum-evaporated thin metallic films

Abstract A real-time computer simulation of the nucleation and growth of thin films deposited from the vapor phase is presented. The model incorporates material properties of the deposit and substrate and deposition parameters including the incidence rate and substrate temperature. At each selected instant a projection of the simulated film is computer plotted. Samples of simulated silver and gold films deposited onto cleaved NaCl substrate are shown.
Influence of Temperature on Mortality and Retention of Simulated Transmitters in Rainbow Trout

Abstract Eighty rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were implanted with simulated transmitters and held at 10, 15, and 20°C for 50 d. Transmitter expulsion ranged from 12% to 27% and was significantly higher at 20°C than at 10°C. Mortality ranged from 7% to 25% and was not related to temperature. Although researchers should anticipate sample loss due to mortality and expulsion when designing telemetry studies with this species, these results provide evidence that rainbow trout survive at temperatures up to 20°C for at least 50 d after transmitter implantation surgery. Thus, radio telemetry may be a viable option for assessing movement of rainbow trout in warm water.
The analysis of fatty alcohols and acids asp-(methylthio)-benzoate esters

Thep-(methylthio)-benzoate ester of fatty alcohols is investigated. This derivative shows either a molecular ion or M-168 m/e peak in its mass spectrum and mixtures may be qualitatively analyzed directly by mass spectrometry. The compounds absorb strongly in the ultraviolet, allowing quantitative analysis by high performance liquid chromatography to 200 pmol.
Quantitative gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of acrivastine and a metabolite in human plasma.

The purpose of this paper is to present a gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method which can determine acrivastine and metabolite I in human plasma simultaneously and is applicable to pharmacokinetic studies of acrivastine and its metabolite in man
Convection in heat generating porous media in a concentric annulus with a permeable outer boundary

Abstract The effects of a permeable outer boundary on the maximum temperature and the convective flows was numerically investigated in a two-dimensional horizontal annulus containing a uniformly heat generating porous media. The time-dependent governing equations were nondimensionalized and put into an explicit finite difference numerical form. The finite difference equations were obtained from truncated Taylor series expansions using a central differencing scheme. Nondimensional temperatures and streamlines were obtained for heat generation rates ranging from 20 to 1,500 W/m3 (corresponding to a range of modified Rayleigh numbers of 324 to 24,340) and for several combinations of isothermally heated wall conditions for annuli of radius ratio of 2.
The suppression of defective translation by ppGpp and its role in the stringent response.

Abstract Amino acid starvation is shown to decrease the fidelity of translation in E. coli. When proteins are analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, missense errors are detected as an unusual heterogeneity in their isoelectric points, while premature termination of protein synthesis can be recognized by a decreased relative rate of synthesis of higher molecular weight proteins and by the accumulation of a complex group of new small polypeptides. The types of translational errors observed are amino acid-specific. For example, starvation of a rel − strain for histidine produces severe isoelectric point heterogeneity with little evidence of premature termination, while starvation for leucine has little effect on the isoelectric points, but produces a drastic decrease in the average molecular weight of the newly synthesized protein. These differences suggest codon-specific errors in reading the genetic code. In these rel − cells, the effect of amino acid starvation on the rates of synthesis of complete individual proteins is both protein- and amino acid-specific. For example, ribosomal protein L7/ 12, which lacks histidine, is made at a higher level during histidine starvation than during isoleucine or leucine starvation. This suggests that in rel − cells, the modulation of gene expression caused by the lack of a particular amino acid is, at least in part, a function of the abundance of that amino acid in particular proteins-that is, the response of rel − cells to starvation is consistent with the theory that the inhibition of protein synthesis and the accompanying increase in error frequency both result from low levels of the correct substrate. In marked contrast, virtually no starvation-induced translational errors are detected in a rel + strain, and the response is not amino acid-specific. Various data strongly imply that in this rel + strain, essentially all the changes caused by starvation are due to the accumulation of ppGpp, which independently reduces protein synthesis, thereby suppressing all the direct effects of amino acid limitation seen in rel − strains (where ppGpp does not accumulate upon starvation). A model is presented which describes how ppGpp might suppress the direct effects of starvation and avoid the loss of translational fidelity. In addition, the direct and specific effects of ppGpp on gene expression are examined independently of amino acid starvation.
Audio Information Retrieval using Semantic Similarity

We improve upon query-by-example for content-based audio information retrieval by ranking items in a database based on semantic similarity, rather than acoustic similarity, to a query example. The retrieval system is based on semantic concept models that are learned from a training data set containing both audio examples and their text captions. Using the concept models, the audio tracks are mapped into a semantic feature space, where each dimension indicates the strength of the semantic concept. Audio retrieval is then based on ranking the database tracks by their similarity to the query in the semantic space. We experiment with both semantic- and acoustic-based retrieval systems on a sound effects database and show that the semantic-based system improves retrieval both quantitatively and qualitatively.
A new accurate and reliable method to record blood coagulation time using an A. C. bridge principle.

There has been a continuous effort among workers in the field of blood coagulation to design or modify a method of measurement that might possess greater reliability than existing methods. The method described here, which offers a clotting time of about six minutes when compared to existing methods, is considerably more reliable; having been demonstrated to evidence a standard error of ± 18 seconds, and permitting a minimum of subjective participation error in the measurement process. This device does not, however, eliminate the inherent contribution of the method of blood withdrawal; therefore a rigidly standardized withdrawal procedure is recommended.
First metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis and Reverdin-Laird osteotomy for treatment of hallux valgus: an intermediate-term retrospective outcomes study.

The authors present a retrospective study of 14 patients (20 feet) treated with first metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis and Reverdin-Laird osteotomy and distal soft tissue alignment for hallux valgus associated with hypermobility of the first ray and an increased proximal articular set angle. The purpose of this study was 3-fold: (1) to determine clinical outcome of this procedure combination, (2) to evaluate the effect of this procedure on the radiographic parameters of hallux valgus, and (3) to determine the degree of first ray shortening. At a mean 50.1 months postoperatively, patients were evaluated according to the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society's Hallux-First Metatarsophalangeal-Interphalangeal Clinical Rating Scale. Preoperative and follow-up radiographs were compared for changes in the following measurements: 1-2 intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux abduction angle (HAA), proximal articular-set angle (PASA), and metatarsal protrusion distance (MPD). Statistical analysis using the Student t test showed a significant increase in total scores from a mean 43.6 to 92.6 of 100. A significant decrease was found in the IMA from a mean 16.9 degrees to 7.1 degrees, in the HAA from a mean 37.1 degrees to 5.2 degrees, in the PASA from a mean 20.3 degrees to 3.4 degrees (P <.001), and a significant change in the was found in the MPD of 7.7 mm (P <.001). Given the high rating scale scores, first ray shortening did not appear to hamper our patients' clinical outcome.
Thermal-mechanical damage in railroad wheels due to hot spotting☆

Abstract As a railroad wheel is heated during a brake application, a compressive stress is developed in the tread surface. Free thermal expansion is partially or completely constrained by the cooler underlying material. If yielding of the surface material occurs, a residual tensile stress could be developed. Constraint of thermal expansion can cause stresses which may eventually initiate and propagate fatigue cracks. Constraint of free thermal expansion is a necessary ingredient in the thermal fatigue process. The number of cycles that produces cracks would classify this process under the more general heading of “low cycle fatigue”. It has been observed that a phenomenon known as “hot spotting” develops on the tread surface as braking occurs. These areas of contact, roughly 20–40 mm in diameter, experience high localized stresses as a result of the severe temperature gradients associated with them. Thermal strains of these hot spots were calculated and in the case of total constraint all this strain is converted to mechanical strain. Thermomechanical fatigue testing provided the necessary data for the fatigue analysis. The result of this work provides a life prediction of railroad wheels experiencing hot spotting.
Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) Modeling of Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrome after Mechanical Circulatory Support Therapy

Purpose MOD is a major cause of mortality after MCSD implantation in heart failure patients. We hypothesized that WGCNA can model the MOD inflammatory response. Methods and Materials We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression of 29 MCSD patients between 3/2010 and 3/2011, and 8 age matched controls. MOD was defined by SOFA score obtained at median 8 days (25-75% IQR 7 - 14) postoperatively. SOFA risk was defined as low (≤ 4), medium (5-11) and high (≥12). Purified total RNA was amplified and hybridized on Illumina Whole Transcriptome microarrays. Statistical analysis was conducted on GeneSpring GX 12 using Kruskal-Wallis and adjusted for multiple testing (FDR Results Mean age was 57±15 years. 2444 gene transcripts were differentially expressed between controls and SOFA risk groups. Unsupervised WGCNA (Figure) identified major gene expression modules ( Fig 1 A) with different degrees of correlation to SOFA score. Comparison of module-characteristic eigengenes ( Fig 1 B) showed SOFA score was best correlated with the black module, composed of 125 genes (entities). Gene ontology and pathway analysis revealed α-defensins (DEFA1, DEFA3, DEFA4) as the most relevant members of this module, which are multifunctional mediators of innate and adaptive immunity. Conclusions WCGNA can facilitate identification of key biomarkers of the immune response triggered by MCSD implantation, including a close association between α-defensin pathways and MOD.
A scheduling algorithm for IEEE 802.16 and IEEE 802.11 hybrid networks

Hybrid networks can be conceived by combining suitably interfaced 802.11 access points (APs) and WiMAX (802.16) backhaul. One of the major problems associated with such networks is the increased communication delay experienced by 802.16 users. For instance, containing such delay is important in maintaining quality of service for VoIP applications. This delay can be substantially decreased by a strategic reduction in the number of active 802.16 subscribers in the network. This paper deals with realizing such reduction by rerouting traffic through lightly loaded 802.11 APs. For doing so, a schedule has to be generated. A scheduling algorithm was designed and its effect on the overall network performance, using end to end packet delay as a metric, was analyzed. For this purpose CBR traffic was used over UDP connections. NS-2 simulations using CBR traffic show significant improvement in end-to-end packet delay.
Aging of the rat olfactory bulb: Growth and atrophy of constituent layers and changes in size and number of mitral cells

A quantitative study of the rat olfactory bulb during aging was carried out by directly measuring or calculating the following parameters at 3, 12, 24, 27, and 30 months: The volume of the glomerular, external plexiform, and internal granular layers, a relative measure of the size of the olfactory nerve layer, the mean volume of mitral cell nuclei and perikarya, a relative measure of the mean volume of the mitral cell dendritic tree as well as the total length and mean cross-sectional area of its constituent dendrites, and number of mitral cells. In addition, measurements of the size and number of mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb were performed. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance, multiple range tests for differences means at the various ages, and simple, partial, and multiple product-moment correlations. From 3 to 24 months a linear increase of approximately 50% occurs in all layers of the olfactory bulb. During this time the mean perikaryal volume and dendritic volume of mitral cells increases, also in a linear fashion, approximately 100%. No significant change occurs in the number of mitral cells. From 24 to 30 months a significant decrease occurs in the volume of the layers. Although the total volume of mitral cell dendritic trees decreases slightly from 24 to 27 months, the volume of individual mitral cell dendritic treess, as well as perikaryal and nuclear size, increases sharply during this period, apparently in compensation for a sharp decrease in the number of mitral cells which occurs at this time. From 27 to 30 months no further decrease in mitral cell number occurs, but the size of mitral cell perikarya, and especially dendritic trees, decreases sharply. The coordinated increase in olfactory bulb size from 3 to 24 months appears to be a comtinuation into adult life of earlier postnatal increases. The atrophy from 24 to 30 months appears not to be associated with peripheral rhinitis, since the glomerular and olfactory nerve layers do not show greater atrophy than the other layers, and atrophy also occurs in the accessory olfactory bulb, which is supplied by nerves from the vomeronasal organ, a structure not normally subject to rhinitis.
Analysis of losses in ITER joints in a varying parallel field

One of the options for a design of a Central Solenoid in ITER and other tokamak machines is pancake wound modules. In this configuration joints have to be placed in maximum magnetic field with high changing rate. Joints should be designed to have at least the same or larger temperature margin as that for the conductor in the same field. We show that joints in parallel field can be designed to meet this requirement along with reasonably low DC resistance. Losses in parallel field are calculated and design features which can suppress AC losses without increasing DC resistance are discussed. Recommendations for low loss, low DC resistance joints are made.
Orbits, shapes and currents

Shapes and current distributions of nuclei and alkali clusters are discussed in terms of the single particle motion of fermions in the average potential. For small particle number, an interpretation in terms of the lowest spherical harmonics is presented. For large particle number, an interpretation in terms of classical periodic orbits is presented.
Design for Test Calculus: An Algorithm for DFT Rules Checking

A new one-pass algorithm for checking networks for compliance to a set of Design for Test (DFT) rules is presented. The algorithm is based on a "Design For Test Calculus" which defines various types of signals and nodes in the network, signal sets attached to node's inputs and outputs, and rules for transferring signal sets through nodes. The rule checking is accomplished by examining the characteristic contents of the signal sets transferred. The calculus is capable of handling a wide variety of "test point flip-flops" and test access schemes, and has features that make hierarchical rule checking feasible.
Lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatic injury is enhanced by polychlorinated biphenyls.

After intravenous administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to rats, polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) rapidly accumulate in the liver, and midzonal hepatic necrosis is prominent by 6...
Directories of special collections on social movements evolving from the Vietnam era

In 1982, Scarecrow Press published Alternative Materials in Libraries. As one chapter, the book included a directory of collections of contemporary alternative materials in libraries. That directory, compiled by Patricia J. Case and edited by James P. Danky and Elliott Shore, proved immensely useful as a reference tool for identifying libraries throughout the United States and Canada that contain original source materials emanating from the social and political upheavals of mat period which is known loosely as “the Sixties.”
Estimating Diffusion Coefficients in Low-Permeability Porous Media Using a Macropore Column

Diffusion coefficients in an aquitard material were measured by conducting miscible solute transport experiments through a specially constructed macropore column. Stainless steel HPLC columns were prepared in a manner that created an annular region of repacked aquitard material and a central core of medium-grained quartz sand. The column transport approach minimizes volatilization and sorption losses that can be problematic when measuring hydrophobic organic chemical diffusion with diffusion-cell methods or column-sectioning techniques. In the transport experiments, solutes (tritiated water, 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene, and tetrachloroethene) were transported through the central core by convection and hydrodynamic dispersion and through the low-permeability annulus by radial diffusion. All transport parameters were independently measured except for the effective diffusion coefficient in the aquitard material, which was obtained by model fitting. Batch-determined retardation factors agreed very closely with mom...
Densification of metal coated fibers by elastic-plastic contact deformation

Near net shape titanium and nickel matrix composites can be produced by the hot isostatic/vacuum hot pressing of alloy coated ceramic fibers. During the initial stage of consolidation, densification occurs by the inelastic deformation of metal-metal contacts. When the temperature is low and the consolidation pressure is high, the dominant mechanism of contact deformation is matrix plasticity. This densification process is investigated by analysing the elastic-plastic contact deformation of aligned fibers. Applying a methodology developed for modelling the consolidation of alloy powders and spray deposited composite monotapes, a contact yield criterion has been proposed and used to predict the dependence of the relative density upon process conditions and matrix mechanical properties. The resulting densification model contains unknown plastic flow (F) and contact area evolution (c) coefficients. A deformation theory elastic-plastic finite element analysis of a representative coated fiber unit cell loaded in compression is used to find these coefficients. The analysis shows the ceramic fiber significantly constrains plasticity in the alloy coating resulting in fiber volume fraction dependent coefficients and a fiber volume fraction dependent density-pressure relationship for coated fiber consolidation.
Jewish biomedical ethics and care of the AIDS patient

Jewish biomedical ethics form part of the broader Judeo-Christian ethical system that prescribes appropriate social conduct for most Americans. They are based on law(halachah) that is derived from the Hebrew Bible and its interpretations. The principle on which they center is that every person is sanctified by God and therefore of infinite value. Therefore, every effort must be made to preserve and protect human life. The management of the patient with AIDS engenders many problems of an ethical nature. An appreciation of the Judaic solutions to these problems may assist physicians caring for patients with AIDS in making their management decisions.
Adaptation to optically produced curvature of frontal planes

A new kind of adaptation was discovered, namely, to glasses that cause frontal planes to appear concave. The effect of this adaptation can be observed without the glasses as an apparent convexity of a frontal plane. We measured this effect by bending a frontal plane into a concave surface that compensated for this convexity. To obtain rapid adaptation, the subject must nod his head during the exposure period so that the concavity is seen to shift through a frontal pattern. Causing the same shift by moving the pattern up and down instead of the subject’s moving his head does not produce such an adaptation. Head movements are, however, not necessary for the adaptation effect to become manifest.
Vole disturbances and plant diversity in a grassland metacommunity

We studied the disturbance associated with prairie vole burrows and its effects on grassland plant diversity at the patch (1 m2) and metacommunity (>5 ha) scales. We expected vole burrows to increase patch-scale plant species diversity by locally reducing competition for resources or creating niche opportunities that increase the presence of fugitive species. At the metacommunity scale, we expected burrows to increase resource heterogeneity and have a community composition distinct from the matrix. We measured resource variables and plant community composition in 30 paired plots representing disturbed burrows and undisturbed matrix patches in a cool-season grassland. Vole disturbance affected the mean values of nine resource variables measured and contributed more to resource heterogeneity in the metacommunity than matrix plots. Disturbance increased local plant species richness, metacommunity evenness, and the presence and abundance of fugitive species. To learn more about the contribution of burrow and matrix habitats to metacommunity diversity, we compared community similarity among burrow and matrix plots. Using Sorenson’s similarity index, which considers only presence–absence data, we found no difference in community similarity among burrows and matrix plots. Using a proportional similarity index, which considers both presence–absence and relative abundance data, we found low community similarity among burrows. Burrows appeared to shift the identity of dominant species away from the species dominant in the matrix. They also allowed subordinate species to persist in higher abundances. The patterns we observed are consistent with several diversity-maintaining mechanisms, including a successional mosaic and alternative successional trajectories. We also found evidence that prairie voles may be ecosystem engineers.
Vortex dynamics and singularities in the fluid equations

Abstract A pointwise, infinite stretching is found in a simulation of the Biot-Savart equation for a vortex tube in three dimensions. The relevance of this result to the incompressible Euler and Navier-Stokes equations is discussed.
Interaction between CFRP-repair and initial damage of wide-flange steel beams subjected to three-point bending

Abstract This paper presents the interaction between carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites and the level of damage in steel beams. An experimental program is conducted with three different sizes of notches at midspan of the beams to simulate initial damage prior to repair. A three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to predict experimental behavior. Unlike existing predictive models that assume perfect bond between CFRP and steel substrate, the proposed modeling approach explicitly accounts for the bond–slip behavior of CFRP–steel interface. CFRP-repair improves the load-carrying capacity of damaged beams that have failed by crack propagation across the steel section with wide opening of the notch. For repaired beams; stress concentrations at a damage location result in local debonding of the CFRP sheet, followed by complete debonding failure of the sheet. These failure modes are found to be independent of the level of initial damage (notch depth). CFRP-repair delays crack-formation of the repaired beams; however, such an effect is not significant once a crack propagates towards the upper flange. The level of initial damage influences debonding propagation rates of the CFRP. Two distinct bond–slip responses of the CFRP–steel interface are experimentally observed.
Pseudorheumatoid nodule in the liver of an adolescent male

Focal hepatic lesions in the pediatric population are rare and are usually found on incidental imaging of the abdomen. The most common lesions are focal nodular hyperplasia and hemangioma, but the differential diagnosis is quite broad. We present a case of an adolescent male who was found to have a large pseudorheumatoid nodule of the liver that was successfully resected. Only one previous case is reported in the literature and none in the pediatric age group.
Epinephrine stimulation of fat cell adenylate cyclase: regulation by guanosine-5'-triphosphate and magnesium ion.

Abstract Guanosine-5′-triphosphate (GTP) affects the activity and responsiveness of the fat cell adenylate cyclase to epinephrine. In the absence of free magnesium ion, the presence of GTP is an absolute requirement for epinephrine stimulation. Half-maximal activation of both basal and stimulated adenylate cyclase activity occurs at a GTP concentration of 0.6 mM. In the presence of 5 mM MgCl 2 , GTP is no longer required but enhances epinephrine stimulation. The half-maximal concentration for this effect occurs at approximately 10 μM GTP. At high (5 mM) magnesium ion concentrations GTP inhibits basal adenylate cyclase activity. GTP lowers the apparent affinity of adenylate cyclase for ATP while simultaneously increasing the velocity of the catalytic reaction, possibly by competing with ATP at the active site as well as by binding at a regulatory site. This effect is observed on both basal and epinephrine-stimulated activities. Epinephrine itself raises the apparent K M for ATP and the V max of adenylate cyclase. The interdependence of these effects suggests that transient changes in the levels of GTP, ATP, and magnesium ions in the fat cell may directly regulate the responsiveness of adenylate cyclase to epinephrine.
Investigation of the impact of insulator material on the performance of dissimilar electrode metal-insulator-metal diodes

The performance of thin film metal-insulator-metal (MIM) diodes is investigated for a variety of large and small electron affinity insulators using ultrasmooth amorphous metal as the bottom electrode. Nb2O5, Ta2O5, ZrO2, HfO2, Al2O3, and SiO2 amorphous insulators are deposited via atomic layer deposition (ALD). Reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy (REELS) is utilized to measure the band-gap energy (EG) and energy position of intrinsic sub-gap defect states for each insulator. EG of as-deposited ALD insulators are found to be Nb2O5 = 3.8 eV, Ta2O5 = 4.4 eV, ZrO2 = 5.4 eV, HfO2 = 5.6 eV, Al2O3 = 6.4 eV, and SiO2 = 8.8 eV with uncertainty of ±0.2 eV. Current vs. voltage asymmetry, non-linearity, turn-on voltage, and dominant conduction mechanisms are compared. Al2O3 and SiO2 are found to operate based on Fowler-Nordheim tunneling. Al2O3 shows the highest asymmetry. ZrO2, Nb2O5, and Ta2O5 based diodes are found to be dominated by Frenkel-Poole emission at large biases and exhibit lower asymmetry. The electrically estimated trap energy levels for defects that dominate Frenkel-Poole conduction are found to be consistent with the energy levels of surface oxygen vacancy defects observed in REELS measurements. For HfO2, conduction is found to be a mix of trap assisted tunneling and Frenkel-Poole emission. Insulator selection criteria in regards to MIM diodes applications are discussed.
THE TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THE SURFACE RELAXATION OF Cu(111) AND Ag(111) — EVIDENCE FOR GIANT ANHARMONIC EFFECTS

We have used medium energy ion scattering with channeling and blocking to measure the spacing between the two outermost atomic layers on the (111) faces of Cu and Ag as a function of temperature. The Ag(111) surface undergoes a dramatic transformation from being slightly contracted at room temperature to being strongly expanded (+10% of the bulk spacing) around 900°C. Cu(111) shows similar but smaller effects. The change of the surface lattice constant is paralleled by large enhancements of the surface vibration amplitudes. We therefore conclude that our observations are due to large anharmonic effects at the surface. We further discuss our results in terms of a recent microscopic theoretical analysis.
Explicit Evaluation of Anomalies in Higher Dimensions

The one-loop Kaluza-Klein anomaly is evaluated explicitly for gauge theories in six, eight, and ten dimensions. The result is well defined and unique, despite the nonrenormalizability of the theory.
Phase I study demonstrates safety and tolerability of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of the anal mucosa.

Background Anal carcinoma is increasing in high-risk populations. Dysplasia is often distributed throughout the anal mucosa, and focal ablative techniques have high rates of recurrence. Methods Wit...
Analyzing and eliminating the causes of fault sensitivity analysis

Fault Sensitivity Analysis (FSA) is a new type of side-channel attack that exploits the relation between the sensitive data and the faulty behavior of a circuit, the so-called fault sensitivity. This paper analyzes the behavior of different implementations of AES S-box architectures against FSA, and proposes a systematic countermeasure against this attack. This paper has two contributions. First, we study the behavior and structure of several S-box implementations, to understand the causes behind the fault sensitivity. We identify two factors: the timing of fault sensitive paths, and the number of logic levels of fault sensitive gates within the netlist. Next, we propose a systematic countermeasure against FSA. The countermeasure masks the effect of these factors by intelligent insertion of delay elements. We evaluate our methodology by means of an FPGA prototype with built-in timing-measurement. We show that FSA can be thwarted at low hardware overhead. Compared to earlier work, our method operates at the logic-level, is systematic, and can be easily generalized to bigger circuits.
Preparation and properties of oxynitride glasses made from 27R2O · 20BaO · 3Al2O3 · 50P2O5 glass

Abstract The preparation of oxynitride glasses, made by remelting 27R2O · 20BaO · 3Al2O3 · 50P2O5 glasses in anhydrous ammonia vapor, is described. Depending upon the melting temperature, processing time, and alkali ion size, glasses containing up to ≈ 6 wt% nitrogen were prepared. The oxynitride glasses had a lower dissolution rate in deionized water and thermal expansion coefficient, but a higher dilatometric softening temperature, refractive index, and Vickers microhardness. Models for nitrogen dissolution are discussed and used to calculate the glass composition from the measured weight loss and analyzed nitrogen content.
AMINOPEPTIDASE OF THE OCULAR LENS. II. SUBSTRATE SPECIFICITY.

Abstract Evidence was sought on the identity of the lens enzyme hydrolyzing l -leucyl-β-naphthylamide with the soluble kidney leucine aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.1.1). During purification, leucinamidase activity was concentrated along with leucyl-β-naphthylamidase activity. The rate of hydrolysis of l -tryptophyl-β-naphthylamide also increased slightly upon purification, while that of l -ga-glutamimyl-β-naphthylamide remained constant, and that of l -alanyl-β-naphthylamide decreased markedly. Among several species examined, the l -leucyl compound was hydrolyzed more rapidly than the l -alanyl-β-naphthylamide only by beef, hog and sheep lenses. In six others the rate of l -alanyl-β-naphthylamide hydrolysis was 2 to 3 times that of l -leucyl-β-naphthylamide. In the ungulate-lens homogenates, l -α-glutamimyl-β-naphthylamide was less readily hydrolyzed compared with the other species. Synergistic activation by two metal ions was found with all substrates examined, and this strongly indicates that the effects of the metal ions were on the enzymes rather than on the substrates. By spectrophotometric assay the purified beef-lens enzyme was found capable of hydrolyzing l -alanyl- l -leucine twice as rapidly as l -leucinamide, while l -leucylglycine and l -alanyl- l -valine were cleaved at about the same rate as the standard substrate for aminopeptidase. Examination of kidney homogenates confirmed the findings for the lens enzyme in that hydrolysis of l -tryptophyl-β-naphthylamide appeared to be associated with that of l -leucyl-β-naphthylamide. l -α-glutaminyl-β-naphthylamide may be split by the same enzyme, but l -alanyl-gb-naphthylamide hydrolysis is due to a different enzyme.
Complex Multiplication Structure of Elliptic Curves

Abstract Letkbe a finite field and letEbe an elliptic curve overk. In this paper we describe, for each finite extensionlofk, the structure of the groupE(l) of points ofEoverlas a module over the ringRof endomorphisms ofEthat are defined overk. If the Frobenius endomorphismπofEoverkdoes not belong to the subringZofR, then we find thatE(l)≅R/R(πn−1), wherenis the degree ofloverk; and ifπdoes belong toZthenE(l) is, as anR-module, characterized byE(l)⊕E(l)≅R/R(πn−1). The arguments used in the proof of these statements generalize to yield a description of the group of points of an elliptic curve over an algebraically closed field as a module over suitable subrings of the endomorphism ring of the curve. It is shown that straightforward generalizations of the results of this paper to abelian varieties of dimension greater than 1 cannot be expected to exist.
Accomodation of external disturbances in linear regulator and servomechanism problems

Modern linear regulator and servomechanism theories (of the deterministic type) either ignore system disturbances altogether or assume they can be represented by initial conditions on the plant state vector. Controllers designed by such theories may fail to meet performance specifications when the system is subjected to persistently acting disturbances. In this paper, we show how one can modify existing regulator and servomechanism theories to take into account the presence of persistent fluctuating disturbances. By this means one can design a deterministic controller which consistently maintains set-point regulation, or servotracking, in the face of a bread class of realistic external disturbances. In addition, we show how one can systematically exploit any useful effects that may be present in the action of external disturbances.
Rescue of terminally differentiating teratocarcinoma cells by fusion to undifferentiated parental cells.

A new clonal CBA mouse teratocarcinoma cell line called H6 grows rapidly without calcium in suspension culture. When attached to a gelatin-coated surface in the presence of calcium, differentiation to large flat cells, which secrete plasminogen activator, occurs after exposure to retinoic acid. Differentiation is terminal after about six cell divisions. H6 variants resistant to 6-thioguanine, 5-bromodeoxyuridine, ouabain, chloramphenicol, retinoic acid, or combinations thereof, have been isolated. Cell hybridizations were made between undifferentiated stem cells and the differentiated derivatives of H6. These experiments indicate that the undifferentiated cells can “rescue” cells in the initial stages of differentiation and that the signs of differentiation are soon lost in such hybrids. Hybridization without “rescue” may also occur, as suggested by small abortive colonies of large cells.
Evaluation of polymorphisms in the sulfonamide detoxification genes NAT2, CYB5A, and CYB5R3 in patients with sulfonamide hypersensitivity.

ObjectiveTo determine whether polymorphisms in the sulfonamide detoxification genes, CYB5A (encoding cytochrome b5), CYB5R3 (encoding cytochrome b5 reductase), or NAT2 (encoding N-acetyltransferase 2) were over-represented in patients with delayed sulfonamide drug hypersensitivity, compared with con
The First Amendment and Popular Culture: “The People vs. Larry Flynt”

Abstract In “The People v. Larry Flynt,” Milos Forman offers a sympathetic rendition of the many legal woes of Larry Flynt. While this movie was a financial disappointment, it remains worthy of scholarly attention as it contributes to an informed understanding of the complex relationship between popular culture and the freedom of expression.
Effect of delamination of axially loaded homogeneous laminated plates

A simple one-dimensional model has been developed and analyzed for predicting delamination buckling loads. The model is employed to predict critical loads for delaminated homogeneous plates with both simply supported and clamped ends. The effects of delamination position, size, and thickness on the critical loads are studied in detail for both sets of boundary conditions. The results reveal that for certain geometries the buckling load can serve as a measure of the load carrying capacity of the delaminated configuration. In other cases, the buckling load is very small and delamination growth is a strong possibility, depending on the toughness of the material.
Margaret Mead and Psychological Anthropology

TRYING TO SAY SOMETHING about Margaret Mead's place in anthropology, not just psychological anthropology, to fellow members of this association is not unlike trying to describe George Washington's role in the American Revolution to natives of the United States and most of the world. My excuse for participating in this exercise is, however, that we are not merely recounting Mead's contributions but also honoring one of our intellectual ancestors. This symposium is, let us remind ourselves, a rite de passage as well.
Phosphorylated variant of bovine prolactin

Bovine pituitary explants and cell cultures were incubated with [32P]orthophosphate. Extracts were prepared from the explants and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-containing acrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography revealing a phosphoprotein that co-migrated with authentic bovine prolactin. Clonal antibodies to bovine prolactin were produced, purified and used to prepare affinity columns. Extracts of [32P]orthophosphate-labeled explants and cells or media were applied to prolactin affinity columns and a radiolabeled protein was eluted with a pH 2.8 wash. The eluted protein was identified as prolactin by co-migration with standard on gel electrophoresis and by amino acid analysis. Treatment of immunoaffinity-purified pituitary prolactin with alkaline phosphatase reduced the phosphate associated with prolactin in a time-dependent manner, indicating a covalent phosphate linkage. Autoradiography of gels revealed prolactin from explants, cells and their associated media to be a phosphoprotein. A phosphorylated variant of bovine prolactin is synthesized and secreted in both explant and cell cultures.
Policy issues for electronic databases and database systems

Abstract Database producers of all types, including the federal government, play many roles in the information “industry.” Because of mergers, acquisitions and vertical integration, a given producer may function in virtually any part of the nine‐membered database use chain. The database use chain, together with statistics showing dramatic growth, provides a framework for the discussion of policy issues, problems, and future requirements of the database industry. The various stages of the database use chain are considered in terms of added value, added production cost, compensation, push and pull mechanisms, proprietorship of data, control of data, and use agreements. The framework for considering policy issues includes the characteristics of the public and private sectors, their products and services, the appropriateness of government involvement in certain subject areas of information and the benefits to society. Problems and issues are standardization, copyright, structural changes in the industry, tran...
Possibility of delayed cerebral infarction after pretruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

A pretruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been accepted as a “benign” entity. Here we present two patients with delayed cerebral infarction following pretruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case report. Two patients with possible delayed cerebral infarction after pretruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage were identified. Both patients developed basilar artery vasospasm within 2 weeks of their bleeding events. Although they remained clinically asymptomatic, the location and the timing of infarction implicated the observed focal arterial vasospasm. Clinicians should bear in mind the possibility of arterial vasospasm and ensuing cerebral infarction in patients with pretruncal subarachnoid hemorrhage.
Analysis of True Delivered Dose to the Prostate Fossa Utilizing Daily Cone Beam CT in Postprostatectomy Patients Who Failed Salvage Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy

Analysis of True Delivered Dose to the Prostate Fossa Utilizing Daily Cone Beam CT in Postprostatectomy Patients Who Failed Salvage Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy S. Stanic, J. Cui, K. Ding, D.B. Halket, and R.K. Valicenti; University of California Davis, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sacramento, CA, University of California Davis, Division of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health Sciences, Davis, CA, University of California Berkeley, Post-baccalaureate Program, Berkeley, CA
Development and Testing of Polar Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Part I: Greenland Ice Sheet Meteorology*

A polar-optimized version of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) was developed to fill climate and synoptic needs of the polar science community and to achieve an improved regional performance. To continue the goal of enhanced polar mesoscale modeling, polar optimization should now be applied toward the state-of-the-art Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model. Evaluations and optimizations are especially needed for the boundary layer parameterization, cloud physics, snow surface physics, and sea ice treatment. Testing and development work for Polar WRF begins with simulations for ice sheet surface conditions using a Greenland-area domain with 24-km resolution. The winter month December 2002 and the summer month June 2001 are simulated with WRF, version 2.1.1, in a series of 48-h integrations initialized daily at 0000 UTC. The results motivated several improvements to Polar WRF, especially to the Noah land surface model (LSM) and the snowpack treatment. Different physics packages for WRF are evaluated with December 2002 simulations that show variable forecast skill when verified with the automatic weather station observations. The WRF simulation with the combination of the modified Noah LSM, the Mellor–Yamada–Janjic ´ boundary layer parameterization, and the WRF single-moment microphysics produced results that reach or exceed the success standards of a Polar MM5 simulation for December 2002. For summer simulations of June 2001, WRF simulates an improved surface energy balance, and shows forecast skill nearly equal to that of Polar MM5.
PAX8 and PAX5 are differentially expressed in B-cell and T-cell lymphomas.

Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the expression patterns of B-cell specific activator protein (BSAP)/PAX5 and PAX8 in a wide variety of B-cell and T-cell neoplasms. Methods and results: A wide range of B-cell and T-cell neoplasms were subjected to immunohistochemical staining with antibodies against BSAP/PAX5 and PAX8 (polyclonal, pPAX8; monoclonal, mPAX8). Ten non-neoplastic lymph node specimens were examined with the same panel. All of the tested neoplastic and non-neoplastic B-cells reacted with the BSAP/PAX5 and pPAX8 antibodies, but did not show reactivity with the mPAX8 antibody. All tested T-cell neoplasms were negative using the BSAP/PAX5, pPAX8 and mPAX8 antibodies. Conclusions: This is the first study to show the absence of reactivity to an mPAX8 antibody in an expanded panel of B-cell lymphomas as well as in a variety of T-cell neoplasms. In contrast to the mPAX8 antibody, the pPAX8 antibody shows nuclear positivity in non-neoplastic B cells and mature B-cell neoplasms; however, this expression is probably a result of cross-reactivity with PAX5. Given that many laboratories use the pPAX8 antibody, a clear understanding of the differential staining patterns is necessary. The differential diagnosis of a B-cell lymphoma should be entertained when a pPAX8-positive, epithelial marker-negative neoplasm of uncertain primary origin is encountered.