cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mineralogy of Asbestos Minerals

Over the past fifty years the mineralogy and crystal chemistry of the materials called asbestos have been refined leading to better identification through new and more sensitive techniques. The health aspects of the exposure to fibrous inorganic species are also equally well determined from the anatomical to the biochemical levels. Integrating the efforts of many researchers from a diversity of disciplines from mineralogy and medicine, we can be more specific and detailed in the questions we raise. Coordinated research should add to our basic understanding of one area of disease induction and treatment: trauma related to inorganic materials.
Adrenocortical sensitivity to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in awake dogs changes as a function of the time of observation and after hemorrhage independently of changes in ACTH.

Adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH, defined as the slope of the log dose-response curve, was determined in awake dogs by measuring cortisol secretory rates after graded doses of ACTH. Adrenocortical sensitivity varied as a function of the time of observation. The AM sensitivity was greater than the PM sensitivity in the absence of an AM-PM difference in basal plasma ACTH. Additionally, sensitivity was increased in the PM 6–8 h after moderate hemorrhage in the AM. However, exogenous ACTH given in the AM did not augment adrenal sensitivity to ACTH in the PM. These data show that adrenocortical sensitivity to ACTH varies in awake dogs and that the changes in sensitivity cannot be completely accounted for by changes in ACTH.
Use of neotropical and Malagasy primate species in biomedical research.

There are 16 genera with 87 species of Neotropical primates, of which 18 (20.7%) are endangered. Only a handful of Neotropical species are utilized in biomedical research, and, of these, none are currently endangered. The few species utilized in biomedicine that are threatened in the wild are now bred largely from captive colonies. In Madagascar, there are 14 genera and 32 species, none of which are utilized widely in biomedical research. The current position should not induce complacency, as it presents an opportunity. Where knowledge is being gained, in laboratories and zoos, concerning the reproduction, genetics, social organization, behavior, and diseases of primates, it is vital that the relevant knowledge be transferred as far as possible to improve management of the same or related species in the field. Challenges for the future will require action plans for species and for habitats. There is a need for sound scientific knowledge on which to base such plans. In addition, the technological advances developed in laboratories, such as non-invasive assays, assisted reproduction, genetic profiles, and vaccines, are likely to play a growing part in future conservation programs. Finally, knowledge gained from field studies can greatly improve the care and management of species in captivity. Greater cooperation and more efficient mechanisms of communication between laboratory and field, zoos and the wild, and the many scientific disciplines involved are vital to ensure that global primate diversity is maintained. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Designing and Evaluating Culturally Specific Smoking Cessation Interventions for American Indian Communities

INTRODUCTION American Indians have the highest smoking rates in the United States, yet few randomized controlled trials of culturally specific interventions exist. This study assessed American Indians' opinions about evidence-based treatment and attitudes toward participating in clinical trials. METHODS Six focus groups were conducted based on smoking status (current/former smoker), sex, and elder status (55 years and older or younger). Meetings were held at local American Indian community organizations. This project was accomplished in partnership with the American Indian Community Tobacco Projects, a community-academic research partnership at the University of Minnesota. Thematic qualitative data analyses were conducted. RESULTS Participants desired the following: (a) programs led by trained American Indian community members, (b) the opportunity to connect with other American Indian smokers interested in quitting, and (c) programs promoting healthy lifestyles. Strategies desired for treatment included (a) free pharmacotherapy, including nicotine replacement therapy (NRT); (b) nominal incentives, e.g., gift cards for groceries; and (c) culturally specific program components such as American Indian images, education on traditional tobacco use, and quit-smoking messages that target the value of family and include narratives or story telling in recruitment and program materials. Biochemical verification of smoking abstinence, such as salivary cotinine or carbon monoxide breathalyzers, is likely acceptable. Standard treatment or delayed treatment control groups were viewed as potentially acceptable for randomized study designs. CONCLUSIONS Rigorously conducted randomized controlled trials of culturally specific smoking cessation interventions are sorely needed but will only be accomplished with the commitment of funders, researchers, and collaborative trusting relationships with the community.
Analytical formulae for reconstruction of certain discrete signals from phase level and line crossings

We provide simple and explicit formulae for reconstructing any member of a class of discrete-time signals from the frequencies at which its Fourier phase crosses any specific level of constant phase or a linear-phase line with integer slope, provided that the number of crossings equals the length of the signal support. Unlike previous closed-form solutions, solution of an ill-conditioned system of linear equations is not required. The associated uniqueness results reduce, in special cases, to previous results for reconstruction from Fourier transform real and imaginary part zero crossings.
Repeatable self-healing of an epoxy matrix using imidazole initiated polymerization

For the first time, repeatable self-healing was achieved in a cross-linked epoxy polymer by incorporating 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole (24-EMI) into the matrix as a latent polymerization initiator. Upon material damage and infiltration of liquid EPON 8132 epoxy monomer healing agent into the crack plane, polymerization occurs in the damaged region with a moderate application of heat in the presence of the latent imidazole initiator. Using tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) fracture testing, greater than 90% recovery of fracture toughness was observed over multiple healing cycles in samples containing 10 wt% 24-EMI, with up to 11 repeat healing cycles possible. The effect of incorporating the imidazole on the host epoxy fracture toughness, complex moduli and glass transition temperature was also investigated. As imidazole concentration increases, a reduction in glass transition temperature and an increase in fracture toughness of the host epoxy is observed.
Asynchronous Remote Method Invocation (ARMI) mechanism for Java

In the recent past, Java has emerged as a powerful and easy to use language for net-centric computing. Simplicity, object-oriented features, the presence of threads and architecture independence are the main reasons for the popularity of Java. Despite having built-in threads in the language, the bare Java execution model does not support remote object invocations. RMI (remote method invocation) is an interface specified by Sun Microsystems for the purpose of native Java–client and Java–server communication. Although RMI is simple to use, it is not desirable in many applications due to its synchronous nature. In this paper, we describe ARMI (asynchronous RMI), a mechanism which is built on top of RMI and allows concurrent execution of local and remote computations. This paper presents the salient features and implementation details of ARMI. Two experiments performed with ARMI along with performance comparisons to RMI are also explained. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Don E. Detmer and the American Medical Informatics Association: An Appreciation

Don E. Detmer has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA) for the past five years, helping to set a course for the organization and demonstrating remarkable leadership as AMIA has evolved into a vibrant and influential professional association. On the occasion of Dr. Detmer's retirement, we fondly reflect on his professional life and his many contributions to biomedical informatics and, more generally, to health care in the U.S. and globally.
Decadal-Scale Temperature Trends in the Southern Hemisphere Ocean

Long-term trends in the heat content of the Southern Hemisphere ocean are evaluated by comparing temperature profiles collected during the 1990s with profiles collected starting in the 1930s. Data are drawn both from ship-based hydrographic surveys and from autonomous floats. Results show that the upper 1000 m of the Southern Hemisphere ocean has warmed substantially during this time period at all depths. Warming is concentrated within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). On a global scale, this warming trend implies that the ocean has gained heat from the atmosphere over the last 50 to 70 years. Although the data do not preclude the possibility that the Southern Ocean has warmed as a result of increased heat fluxes, either into the ocean or within the ocean, in general the strong trend in the Southern Ocean appears regionally consistent with a poleward migration of the ACC, possibly driven by long-term poleward shifts in the winds of the region, as represented by the southern annular mode.
Plasmonic imaging beyond the diffraction limit

The imaging resolution of conventional optical lens system is limited by the diffraction to the order of half wavelength. We describe a few emerging microscopy techniques that utilize optical hyperlens, far-field superlens, and plasmonic structured illumination to improve the resolution beyond the diffraction limit.
Characterization of Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) Using Premixed Gasoline and Direct-Injected Gasoline with a Cetane Improver on a Multi-Cylinder Engine

The focus of the present paper was to characterize Reactivity Controlled Compression Ignition (RCCI) using a single-fuel approach of gasoline and gasoline mixed with a commercially available cetane improver on a multi-cylinder engine. RCCI was achieved by port-injecting a certification grade 96 research octane gasoline and direct-injecting the same gasoline mixed with various levels of a cetane improver, 2-ethylhexyl nitrate (EHN). The EHN volume percentages investigated in the direct-injected fuel were 10, 5, and 2.5%. The combustion phasing controllability and emissions of the different fueling combinations were characterized at 2300 rpm and 4.2 bar brake mean effective pressure over a variety of parametric investigations including direct injection timing, premixed gasoline percentage, and intake temperature. Comparisons were made to gasoline/diesel RCCI operation on the same engine platform at nominally the same operating condition. The experiments were conducted on a modern four cylinder light-duty diesel engine that was modified with a port-fuel injection system while maintaining the stock direct injection fuel system. The pistons were modified for highly premixed operation and feature an open shallow bowl design. The results indicate that the authority to control the combustion phasing through the fuel delivery strategy (e.g., direct injection timing or premixed gasoline percentage) ismore » not a strong function of the EHN concentration in the direct-injected fuel. It was also observed that NOx emissions are a strong function of the global EHN concentration in-cylinder and the combustion phasing. Finally, in general, NOx emissions are significantly elevated for gasoline/gasoline+EHN operation compared with gasoline/diesel RCCI operation at a given operating condition.« less
Should women be informed of breast density

Over the past 2 years, the breast advocacy group known as Are You Dense? has gained recognition through its quest to ensure that women with dense breast tissue have access to early breast cancer diagnosis. Their stated mission is to ensure that women are informed of their breast density, the limitations of mammography in detecting breast cancer in dense breast tissue, and the added risk that dense breast tissue confers to an individual woman. The organization advocates for and supports state and federal legislative actions requiring the communication of breast density informations and access to reliable screening tools for women with dense breast tissue [1]. Although the goals of Are You Dense? are laudable and the ACR has statedthat it supportsanFDAmandate thatbreastdensitybe includedinmammography reports, Mammography Quality Standards Act regulations do not require that breast density be reported in either the mammography reports sent to referring physicians or the lay reports sent to women. Advocates claim that the primary benefit to women derived from receiving breast density information is a better understanding of cancer risk and the awareness that supplemental imaging beyondscreeningmammographymaybe needed. However, these assertions disregard certain consequences that may offset the stated benefits, including the following:
Females' Perception of Date Rape An Examination of Two Contextual Variables

This study examined the effect of perceived token resistance and previous sexual contact on women's ability to discriminate when a female wants her partner to stop making sexual advances. Female college students were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. Prior to listening to an audiotaped date rape, participants were told that the couple had been on five dates. Participants were informed that on the previous date the man had manipulated the woman's breasts or genitals. In addition, participants were told the woman did not object to this contact, or the woman initially objected to the contact but subsequently stopped resisting contact. Compared to participants in the no resistance conditions, participants in the perceived token resistance conditions took significantly longer to determine when the man should refrain from attempting further sexual contact. The implications of the findings are discussed.
Cell motion and recovery in a two-stream microfluidic device

The motion of cells in a two-stream microfluidic device designed to extract cryoprotective agents from cell suspensions was tested under a range of conditions. Jurkat cells (lymphoblasts) in a 10% dimethylsulfoxide solution were driven in parallel with phosphate-buffered saline solution wash streams through single rectangular channel sections and multiple sections in series. The influence of cell-stream flow rate and cell volume fraction (CVF) on cell viability and recovery were examined. The channel depth was 500 lm, and average cell stream velocity within the channels was varied from 3.6 to8.5 mm/s corresponding with cell stream Reynolds numbers of 2.6-6.0. Cell viability measured at device outlets was high for all cases examined indicating no significant cell damage within the device. Downstream of a single stage, cell recoveries measured 90-100% for average cell stream velocities ≥6 mm/s and for CVFs up to 20%. Cell recovery downstream of multistage devices also measured 90-100% after a critical device population time. This time was found to be five times the average cell residence time within the device. The measured recovery values were significantly larger than those typically obtained using conventional cell washing methods.
Analysis of sensory processing in scorpion peg sensilla

Primary chemosensory afferents within each peg sensillum on scorpion pectines contain a dense plexus of synaptic contacts of unknown importance to informational processing within this simple sensory structure. These connections probably contribute to the processing of chemical signals from the substrate to the encoded pattern of spike activity ascending the pectinal nerves to the CNS. A key finding of earlier studies of this system was the apparent existence of strong and long- lasting inhibitory interactions between one identifiable unit - type ''B'' cells - and at least two other sensory neurons - identified as ''A1'' and ''A2'' - cells within the same sensillum. Because peripheral synaptic interactions are rarely observed between primary sensory neurons, it is important to reject the alternative non-synaptic mechanism to account for the unusual spike waveform of inhibitory B units, namely, that it is derived from coincident discharge of the A1 and A2 units it is presumed to inhibit. High resolution waveform analysis of two or more units firing in close temporal proximity (within about 5 ms) showed unequivocally that type B units occur within the post excitatory period when the A units would be refractory to re-excitation. Furthermore, the number of these B/A1 or B/A2 doublets was in line with the number predicted for the observed spontaneous firing frequency of the B, A1, and A2 units in the peg. This analysis corroborates the original conclusion that B unit activity is the electrophysiological signature of an inhibitory processing event, one that strikingly transforms the information encoded and passed from each peg sensillum to the central nervous system.
Photomechanical movements of cultured embryonic photoreceptors: regulation by exogenous neuromodulators and by a regulable source of endogenous dopamine

In the retina of nonmammalian vertebrates, light regulates photoreceptor morphology by causing rod photoreceptor elongation and cone photoreceptor contraction. The opposite photomechanical movements occur in the dark, and proceed with a circadian rhythm in many species in vivo. Using dissociated cultures of embryonic chick retina cells, we have recently demonstrated that photoreceptor cells that differentiate in vitro acquire the capacity of responding to light/dark cycles with photomechanical movements (Stenkamp and Adler, 1993). Here we report that the putative neuromodulators melatonin and dopamine can mimic the effects of darkness and light, respectively, on in vitro photomechanical movement. Pharmacological studies showed that dopamine appears to function by means of a D2-type receptor negatively coupled to adenylate cyclase. The effects of light on the cultured photoreceptors were inhibited by dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, and were attenuated by the dopaminergic neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine and by the dopamine synthesis inhibitor alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine. The possible existence of an endogenous source of dopamine in the cultures was also suggested by the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase-like immunoreactivity, and of an Na(+)-dependent mechanism for the accumulation of 3H-dopamine, which was predominantly associated with nonphotoreceptor cells. Additionally, 3H-dopamine release occurred in vitro through a Ca(2+)-dependent mechanism, as well as through reverse function of a nomifensine-sensitive dopamine transporter. Both of these putative release mechanisms appeared to be regulated by light and by melatonin, suggesting a mechanism whereby the putative dopaminergic cells may interact with other cells present in the cultures. These studies suggest that complex paracrine neuromodulatory mechanisms can differentiate in low-density embryonic cell culture, that dopaminergic activities exist in vitro, and that they are important for mediating photomechanical movements.
GENERALIZATION OF ONE SUFFICIENT CONDITION FOR FOURIER MULTIPLIERS

We obtain new sufficient conditions for Fourier multipliers in the Hardy spaces $$ {H_p}({{\mathbb{R}}^n}) $$ , 0 < p < 2: These conditions are presented in terms of the joint behavior of a function and its derivatives. The results of the paper generalize the corresponding Miyachi theorems.
Salud!: An open infrastructure for developing and deploying health self-management applications

Health self-management strategies have been shown to improve health outcomes and decrease the cost of healthcare for individuals living with chronic illness. Personal health informatics applications, which allow individuals to track and review personal health-related information have, in turn, been shown to improve health self-management outcomes by supporting learning and reflection. We identify the need for a software infrastructure that facilitates the creation and deployment of such applications and describe our progress in developing and making available such an infrastructure, which we call Salud! We discuss how the design of Salud! follows from key strategies and results in the health self-management literature, and how its application programming interface (API) and related services can be leveraged by other researchers wishing to build a personal health informatics applications. Finally, we describe our own health self-management application that we are building using Salud!
Public health powers: the imminence of radical change.

One of the most controversial public policy challenges of recent times has been crafting policy that balances the public interest and individual rights in relation to persons with HIV and AIDS. Lawrence O. Gostin explores the convergence of the traditional exercise of public-health powers, which requires persons to be treated unequally because of communicable medical conditions, and the antidiscrimination mandate of ADA, which requires reasonable accommodation as a component of equitable treatment for persons with disabilities. Gostin concludes by proposing a set of standards that could be applied in individual cases to determine whether to draw the line on the side of public interest or individual civil rights. Gostin is executive director of the American Society of Law and Medicine; adjunct associate professor of health law at Harvard University; and associate director of the Harvard University/World Health Organization International Center ofHealth Legislation. He conducted a national study for the U.S. Assistant Secretary for Health, as well as a worldwide study for the World Health Organization on AIDS law and policy. He is also co-director of the Harvard Model AIDS Legislation Project. Gostin was Legislative Counsel to the U.S. Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee, chaired by Senator Edward Kennedy, where he helped draft the Federal AIDS Policy Act. He was formerly chief executive of the National Councilfor CivilLiberties; legal director
Dynamics of soluble gas exchange in the airways. III: Single-exhalation breathing maneuver

The exchange characteristics of a highly soluble gas with the pulmonary airways during a single-exhalation maneuver were analyzed using a mathematical model previously described by our group (M. E....
Monetary Donations to Charitable Organizations

Abstract This article reports a study which compared current donors, lapsed donors, and nondonors to the American Cancer Society in terms of their demographic characteristics, donation motives, likelihood with which these motives would be satisfied as a result of donating to a charitable organization, and the level of concern expressed regarding a variety of health issues. Results and implications of the study are discussed.
Cytogenetic Analysis of Interspecific Hybrids in Cuphea

Seven Cuphea species that are among the most promising for domestication were intercrossed, and nine interspecific hybrids were cytologically characterized
Environmental exposures and women's health.

Women may be uniquely or specially exposed to toxic chemicals due to diet, behavior, or occupation. Moreover, these external exposures may result in higher internal doses in women due to sex-linked differences in metabolism and storage. Additionally, the toxic effects of some environmental agents ma
Epidemiological characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease in Fujian,China(2010-2013)

Objective To explore epidemiological characteristics of tsutsugamushi disease in Fujian for the disease control and prevention.Methods The data of tsutsugamushi disease were collected from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention(2010-2013)and analyzed,combining with antibody data of suspected patients from general hospitals.Results Totally 2 529 cases were reported in Fujian during the years,and 3cases died.The incidence increased year by year and mean incidence was 1.70/105.The cases were distributed sporadically and spread to94.3% counties.The 40.1% cases were in the top 5high morbidity counties.The peak was form Jun.to Oct.(81.7%).62.0% cases were aged 40-64,and the highest incidence rate was aged 60-64(5.31/105).The ratio of male to female was 0.92∶1.The percentage of farmer's case account for 65.2%.Conclusion The incidences of tsutsugamushi disease increased year by year and with geographic centralization and seasonal fluctuation.It is necessary to strengthen surveillance and take corresponding measures in high-risk populations for tsutsugamushi disease control and prevention.
Analysis on Calculate Error of Conductor Surface Voltage Gradient

The conductor surface voltage gradient is one of the important parameters in the transmission line design.It is impossible to design a reasonable transmission line if the surface voltage gradient is not accurate,especially for UHV transmission line.Thereby,the calculation method of the gradient and its accuracy are analyzed and discussed.The calculated results of actual electrode geometry such as the concentric electric field between the conductor cylinder and parallel conductor cylinder are used as an example to analyze the reason of the calculate error caused by MATLAB"Partial Differential Equation Toolbox".It is concluded that the cause of error is mainly derived from the linear interpolation method to calculate the field strength from potential.A solution of using the function"differenctiate"to derive the conductor surface field strength is proposed.The method is compared with the analytical solution or the more accurate numerical solution,and the results show that the error is within 2%.
Accuracy of tobramycin delivery by four i.v. infusion methods.

The accuracy of tobramycin delivery by four methods of intermittent intravenous infusion was studied in 11 healthy male volunteers. Subjects received intravenous tobramycin (as the sulfate salt) 1.5 mg/kg by each of four infusion methods in a nonblinded, randomized, four-way crossover design. The methods used for intravenous infusion were (1) minibag via gravity flow (MG), (2) minibag with the secondary infusion tubing inserted below a volumetric infusion pump (MP), (3) metered chamber via volumetric infusion pump (MC), and (4) syringe pump (SP). Doses were diluted to a volume of 50 mL, except for the two minibag methods, for which the dilution was necessarily greater because of manufacturer overfill. Intravenous flow rates for both primary fluid and drug administration were set at 100 mL/hr, and the duration of drug infusion was documented by observation for each administered dose. The fluid volume of 12 minibags was measured to assess manufacturer overfill. Fluid remaining in the secondary i.v. tubing for the minibag methods was collected after the infusion. Seventeen blood samples were obtained before and at various time intervals after each dose and analyzed in duplicate for tobramycin content by fluorescence polarization immunoassay. A mean of 10% of each dose remained in the secondary i.v. tubing at the completion of the infusion for the minibag methods, whereas less than 1% of each dose remained in the secondary tubing for the SP method.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Do Credit Market Conditions Affect Firms’ Post-hedging Outcomes? Evidence from Bank Credit Standards and Firms’ Currency Exposure

Bank credit constraints can reduce firms’ ability to borrow to fund hedging and counterparties’ capacity to provide hedging services, thus affecting post-hedging outcomes. We find that a one-standard-deviation tighter credit standards increases (post-hedging) exchange rate exposure by 10%. This increase is persistent over time, pervasive across firm types, and robust to various measures of exposure and addressing endogeneity. We present direct evidence that the above link is due to suboptimal hedging primarily due to the “capacity channel.” Our results document a link between credit and currency markets and have implications for hedging policy and the bank-credit-rationing channel of monetary policy.
Modeling Object-Oriented Systems

This chapter discusses the development of larger object-oriented programs in the C++ programming language. It also discusses some issues in object-oriented design and indicates how the object-oriented paradigm for software design differs from the procedurally oriented one. The String class presented in the chapter was originally developed by Eric Charles for a project under the direction of Bernard Woolfolk at Howard University. This class had two member functions: a constructor function String ( ) and a function strlen ( ) to compute the length of an object of the class. Many disciplines in computer science have concepts that are somewhat related to objects in object-oriented programming. One example is the entity-relationship (E-R) model that is common in database design. Another is the information model that is frequently used in artificial intelligence and expert systems. An E-R diagram represents a set of fundamental quantities, known as entities, and the relationships between them. The labeling of arcs in the E-R diagram indicates the nature of the relationships among the different entities connected by each arc. An E-R diagram can serve as a starting point for a preliminary set of objects. The diagrams relationships often suggest some possible methods, or transformations, on objects in the system.
The flexible control strategy study of receiving end large power grid under global energy connection

This paper puts forward a comprehensive control method of UHV receiving end power grid based on user intelligent interaction. The load flexible control cloud platform, together with the existing dispatching operation and marketing system, realizes load regulation by smart plug-in units with the function of micro-control and infrared adjustment. When high power deficiency happens caused by UHV failure or emergency shutdown, the load flexible control cloud platform can play an important role on hierarchical control of virtual power plants flexibly and fine. The large scale virtual power plants response to form clusters aggregation effect, contributing large power to support grid power supply and demand balance, to ensure the safe and stable operation of power grid.
A Database of Interplanetary and Interstellar Dust Detected by the Wind Spacecraft

It was recently discovered that the WAVES instrument on the Wind spacecraft has been detecting, in situ, interplanetary and interstellar dust of approximately 1 micron radius for the past 22 years. These data have the potential to enable advances in the study of cosmic dust and dust-plasma coupling within the heliosphere due to several unique properties: the Wind dust database spans two full solar cycles; it contains over 107,000 dust detections; it contains information about dust grain direction of motion; it contains data exclusively from the space environment within 350 Earth radii of Earth; and it overlaps by 12 years with the Ulysses dust database. Further, changes to the WAVES antenna response and the plasma environment traversed by Wind over the lifetime of the Wind mission create an opportunity for these data to inform investigations of the physics governing the coupling of dust impacts on spacecraft surfaces to electric field antennas. A Wind dust database has been created to make the Wind dust data easily accessible to the heliophysics community and other researchers. This work describes the motivation, methodology, contents, and accessibility of the Wind dust database.
Hans Mayer, Steppenwolf and Everyman. Outsiders and Conformists in Contemporary Literature, translated and with an introduction by Jack D. Zipes: New York: Crowell, 1971. Pp. 325.

(1972). Hans Mayer, Steppenwolf and Everyman. Outsiders and Conformists in Contemporary Literature, translated and with an introduction by Jack D. Zipes. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 47, No. 2, pp. 127-130.
Investigation of teleseismic Lg blockage and scattering using regional arrays

Abstract Incoherent beamforming and continuous frequency-wavenumber “polar-scan” analysis have been applied to study the characteristics of P coda and Lg waves recorded at the regional arrays NORESS and ARCESS from presumed explosions on the northwestern Russian platform and at test sites of Novaya Zemlya and eastern Kazakh. Also, recordings at the Graefenburg array, near the new GERESS regional array, of Novaya Zemlya events and an eastern European platform (White Sea) event have been compared with the Norwegian array recordings of the same events. The White Sea explosion, at distances of 14° and 22° from NORESS and Graefenburg, respectively, exhibits Lg rms amplitudes on incoherent beams that exceed those of Sn . However, for explosions at Novaya Zemlya at 20° from NORESS and eastern Kazakh at 30° from ARCESS, the Lg waves have much smaller amplitudes than Sn . In the case of Novaya Zemlya, the Lg wave is almost completely blocked at both NORESS and ARCESS, but is well recorded at Graefenburg. This reduction of the Lg amplitudes relative to those from events at longer distances cannot be accounted for by anelastic attenuation and spreading. Comparison of propagation paths suggests that the reduction in amplitudes may be due to blockage and scattering of Lg in the Barents Sea. Analysis of Sn coda waves on incoherent beams and continuous frequency-wavenumber analysis “polar scans” suggests that they can result from Lg to Sn scattering from the coastline between the Barents Sea and Scandinavia. Recent geologic studies have revealed significant variations in crustal structure in the Barents Sea basin, which may cause the blockage of Lg waves from Novaya Zemlya. In the case of eastern Kazakh explosions, ARCESS incoherent beams show much reduced Lg amplitudes relative to the P coda waves compared with NORESS, even though the distance to ARCESS (31°) is less than that to NORESS (38°). This reduction in Lg amplitude at both NORESS and ARCESS is accompanied by enhancement of P and Sn coda. The timing of the coda waves and the propagation paths suggest that Lg waves may be partially blocked and scattered by the Ural Mountains and that the P and Sn coda waves may result from Lg -to- Pn , Pn -to- Sn , Sn -to- Lg , and Lg -to- Sn conversions from lateral heterogeneities in the crust beneath the Urals. The blockage is greater for the Eastern Kazakh-to-ARCESS path because it crosses the middle part of the Urals whereas the Eastern Kazakh-to-NORESS path crosses the southern part of the Urals chain. These blockage effects seem to result from sudden lateral variations in shallow crustal structure, such as variations in sediment thicknesses in the sedimentary basins of the Russian platform and adjacent to the Urals. These blockage effects can be predicted from geologic studies and need to be accounted for when using Lg amplitudes to estimate absolute yields of explosions and for event identification.
CityGuard: A Watchdog for Safety-Aware Conflict Detection in Smart Cities

Nowadays, increasing number of smart services are being developed and deployed in cities around the world. IoT platforms have emerged to integrate smart city services and city resources, and thus improve city performance in the domains of transportation, emergency, environment, public safety, etc. Despite the increasing intelligence of smart services and the sophistication of platforms, the safety issues in smart cities are not addressed adequately, especially the safety issues arising from the integration of smart services. Therefore, CityGuard, a safety-aware watchdog architecture is developed. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first architecture that detects and resolves conflicts among actions of different services considering both safety and performance requirements. Prior to developing CityGuard, safety and performance requirements and a spectrum of conflicts are specified. Sophisticated models are used to analyze secondary effects, and detect device and environmental conflicts. A simulation based on New York City is used for the evaluation. The results show that CityGuard (i) identifies unsafe actions and thus helps to prevent the city from safety hazards, (ii) detects and resolves two major types of conflicts, i.e., device and environmental conflicts, and (iii) improves the overall city performance.
Visualizing phonetic segment frequencies with density-equalizing maps

A method is demonstrated for creating density-equalizing maps of IPA consonant and vowel charts, where the size of a cell in the chart reflects information such as the crosslinguistic frequency of the consonant or vowel. Transforming the IPA charts in such a way allows the visualization of interactions between phonetic features. Density-equalizing maps are used to illustrate a range of facts about consonant and vowel inventories, including the frequency of consonants and vowels and the frequency of common diacritics, and to illustrate the frequency of deletion and epenthesis involving particular consonants and vowels. Solutions are proposed for issues involving genealogical sampling, counting pairs of very similar phones, and counting diacritics in relation to basic symbols.
Surgeon Influence on Variation in Receipt of Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy for Women With Breast Cancer.

Importance Rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) have markedly increased but we know little about the influence of surgeons on variability of the procedure in the community. Objective To quantify the influence of the attending surgeon on rates of CPM and clinician attitudes that explained it. Design, setting, and participants In this population-based survey study, we identified 7810 women with stages 0 to II breast cancer treated in 2013 to 2015 through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries of Georgia and Los Angeles County. Surveys were sent approximately 2 months after surgery. Surveys were also sent to 488 attending surgeons identified by the patients. Main outcomes and measures We conducted multilevel analyses to examine the impact of surgeon influence on variations in patient receipt of CPM using information from patient and surgeon surveys merged to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. Results A total of 5080 women responded to the survey (70% response rate), and 377 surgeons responded (77% response rate). The mean (SD) age of responding women was 61.9 (11) years; 28% had an increased risk of second primary cancer, and 16% received CPM. Half of surgeons (52%) practiced for more than 20 years and 30% treated more than 50 new patients with breast cancer annually. Attending surgeon explained a large amount (20%) of the variation in CPM, controlling for patient factors. The odds of a patient receiving CPM increased almost 3-fold (odds ratio, 2.8; 95% CI, 2.1-3.4) if she saw a surgeon with a practice approach 1 SD above a surgeon with the mean CPM rate (independent of age, diagnosis date, BRCA status, and risk of second primary). One-quarter (25%) of the surgeon influence was explained by attending attitudes about initial recommendations for surgery and responses to patient requests for CPM. The estimated rate of CPM was 34% for surgeons who least favored initial breast conservation and were least reluctant to perform CPM vs 4% for surgeons who most favored initial breast conservation and were most reluctant to perform CPM. Conclusions and relevance In this study, attending surgeons exerted influence on the likelihood of receipt of CPM after a breast cancer diagnosis. Variations in surgeon attitudes about recommendations for surgery and response to patient requests for CPM explain a substantial amount of this influence.
Mapping the literature of nurse-midwifery.

Objective: This article is part of a project for mapping the literature of nursing. The purpose is to identify the core journals in nurse-midwifery and to determine the extent to which these titles are covered by standard indexing sources. Methods: Cited references from two source journals were analyzed to discover the most frequently cited publications, including their format, age, and amount of dispersion, as well as the indexes that offer the most complete coverage. Results: A study of the literature of nurse-midwifery reveals that the field is diverse, including such topics as women's health, obstetrics, gynecology, and parent-child relations, in addition to the practice of nurse-midwifery itself. Journals were the most heavily cited format, and analysis revealed that ten journals provided one-third of all the references in the study. Conclusions: A combination of Science Citation Index and Social Sciences Citation Index or PubMed/MEDLINE provided the best overall coverage because of the field's reliance on medical journals. CINAHL had the most complete coverage for the nurse-midwifery journals as well as nursing journals in general.
Large Asymptomatic FIGO Type 3–5 Fibroid and Primary Infertility

The patient is a 30-year-old healthy nulligravid patient diagnosed with an 8 centimeter (cm) intramural fibroid (FIGO type 3–5) [1].
The Failure Syndrome

Using the financial records of over 350 small businesses the authors attempt to identify symptoms that will forecast the failure of small businesses. These symptoms are grouped into three categorie...
Peak knee biomechanics and limb symmetry following unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: Associations of walking gait and jump-landing outcomes

Abstract Background Aberrant walking-gait and jump-landing biomechanics may influence the development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis and increase the risk of a second anterior cruciate ligament injury, respectively. It remains unknown if individuals who demonstrate altered walking-gait biomechanics demonstrate similar altered biomechanics during jump-landing. Our aim was to determine associations in peak knee biomechanics and limb-symmetry indices between walking-gait and jump-landing tasks in individuals with a unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods Thirty-five individuals (74% women, 22.1 [3.4] years old, 25 [3.89] kg/m2) with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction performed 5-trials of self-selected walking-gait and jump-landing. Peak kinetics and kinematics were extracted from the first 50% of stance phase during walking-gait and first 100 ms following ground contact for jump-landing. Pearson product-moment (r) and Spearman's Rho (ρ) analyses were used to evaluate relationships between outcome measures. Significance was set a priori (P ≤ 0.05). Findings All associations between walking-gait and jump-landing for the involved limb, along with the majority of associations for limb-symmetry indices and the uninvolved limb, were negligible and non-statistically significant. There were weak significant associations for instantaneous loading rate (ρ = 0.39, P = 0.02) and peak knee abduction angle (ρ = 0.36, p = 0.03) uninvolved limb, as well as peak abduction displacement limb-symmetry indices (ρ= − 0.39, p = 0.02) between walking-gait and jump-landing. Interpretation No systematic associations were found between walking-gait and jump-landing biomechanics for either limb or limb-symmetry indices in people with unilateral anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Individuals with an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction who demonstrate high-involved limb loading or asymmetries during jump-landing may not demonstrate similar biomechanics during walking-gait.
Factors associated with pregnancy intention among women who have experienced a short birth interval: findings from the 2009 to 2011 Mississippi and 2009 Tennessee Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System

Abstract Purpose One-third of all pregnancies in the United States are conceived within 18 months of a prior live birth. Preventing unintended pregnancies may help to decrease the prevalence of pregnancies with these short interpregnancy intervals. However, data on factors associated with pregnancy intention among women who have had short birth intervals are sparse. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System data were used to further evaluate these associations. Methods Because only Mississippi and Tennessee Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System include a survey question about birth interval length, this analysis was limited to women from those states who recently had a short birth interval (n = 384). Pregnancy intention and demographic, lifestyle, and reproductive data were obtained from surveys and birth certificates. Logistic regression was used to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Nearly 76% of women with short birth intervals reported their pregnancy as unintended. Women who were non-Hispanic black or consumed alcohol during pregnancy had statistically significant increased odds of reporting the pregnancy with a short birth interval as being unintended (OR = 3.98; 95% CI: 1.73–9.16 and OR = 10.56; 95% CI: 1.80–61.83, respectively). Conclusions Although all women should be counseled on postpartum contraceptive use, findings suggest that important subpopulations of women may benefit from more targeted counseling during prenatal care visits and the immediate postpartum hospital stay regarding the importance of using contraception to not only better space pregnancies but also prevent unintended pregnancies.
Hardening AES Hardware Implementations Against Fault and Error Inject Attacks

The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) enables secure transmission of confidential messages. Since its invention, there have been many proposed attacks against the scheme. For example, one can inject errors or faults to acquire the encryption keys. It has been shown that the AES algorithm itself does not provide a protection against these types of attacks. Therefore, additional techniques like error control codes (ECCs) have been proposed to detect active attacks. However, not all the proposed solutions show the adequate efficacy. For instance, linear ECCs have some critical limitations, especially when the injected errors are beyond their fault detection or tolerance capabilities. In this paper, we propose a new method based on a non-linear code to protect all four internal stages of the AES hardware implementation. With this method, the protected AES system is able to (a) detect all multiplicity of errors with a high probability and (b) correct them if the errors follow certain patterns or frequencies. Results shows that the proposed method provides much higher security and reliability to the AES hardware implementation with minimal overhead.
Cognitive differences between older adult instrumental musicians: Benefits of continuing to play:

Previous research suggests that ongoing cognitive engagement in late life may help maintain cognitive functioning. We assessed cognition across all major domains in older adult instrumental musicia...
Protection from Undesirable Neighbors: The Use of Deed Restrictions in Shaker Heights, Ohio:

Stringent architectural and building restrictions were put in place as the Van Sweringen Company laid out Shaker Heights, Ohio, an exclusive planned community, incorporated in 1912. In 1925, as Afr...
Justice in the Family Firm: An Integrative Review and Future Research Agenda

To extend the understanding of justice perceptions in family firms, we take stock of the small but growing literature by reviewing notable conceptual and empirical papers published in the last 15 years that put forward research questions, propositions, and hypotheses related to justice perceptions in the family firm context. With the goal of providing a future research agenda, we identify research questions awaiting empirical answers and present potential difficulties in translating conceptual ideas into empirical studies. To capture differences in how the family aspect of a firm may influence justice, we discuss and identify reliable, valid measures of justice-related constructs and family influence.