cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intracellular calcium increases in vascular smooth muscle cells with progression of chronic kidney disease in a rat model.

Background Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) exhibit phenotypic plasticity, promoting vascular calcification and increasing cardiovascular risk. Changes in VSMC intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ] i ) are a major determinant of plasticity, but little is known about changes in [Ca 2+ ] i in chronic kidney disease (CKD). We have previously demonstrated such plasticity in aortas from our rat model of CKD and therefore sought to examine changes in [Ca 2+ ] i during CKD progression. Materials and methods We examined freshly isolated VSMCs from aortas of normal rats, Cy/+ rats (CKD) with early and advanced CKD, and advanced CKD rats treated without and with 3% calcium gluconate (CKD + Ca 2+ ) to lower parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. [Ca 2+ ] i was measured with fura-2. Results Cy/+ rats developed progressive CKD, as assessed by plasma levels of blood urea nitrogen, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. VSMCs isolated from rats with CKD demonstrated biphasic alterations in resting [Ca 2+ ] i : VSMCs from rats with early CKD exhibited reduced resting [Ca 2+ ] i , while VSMCs from rats with advanced CKD exhibited elevated resting [Ca 2+ ] i . Caffeine-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca 2+ store release was modestly increased in early CKD and was more drastically increased in advanced CKD. The advanced CKD elevation in SR Ca 2+ store release was associated with a significant increase in the activity of the sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ ATPase (SERCA); however, SERCA2a protein expression was decreased in advanced CKD. Following SR Ca 2+ store release, recovery of [Ca 2+ ] i in the presence of caffeine and extracellular Ca 2+ was attenuated in VSMCs from rats with advanced CKD. This impairment, together with reductions in expression of the Na + /Ca 2+ exchanger, suggest a reduction in Ca 2+ extrusion capability. Finally, store-operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE) was assessed following SR Ca 2+ store depletion. Ca 2+ entry during recovery from caffeine-induced SR Ca 2+ store release was elevated in advanced CKD, suggesting a role for exacerbated SOCE with progressing CKD. Conclusions With progressive CKD in the Cy/+ rat there is increased resting [Ca 2+ ] i in VSMCs due, in part, to increased SOCE and impaired calcium extrusion from the cell. Such changes may predispose VSMCs to phenotypic changes that are a prerequisite to calcification.
ROLE OF ENTEROCOCCI IN CHEDDAR CHEESE: GROWTH OF ENTEROCOCCI DURING MANUFACTURE AND CURING1

Eight lots of Cheddar cheese were manufactured to determine the microbiological response of two strains each of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus durans when used as supplemental starters in combination with a commercial lactic culture. Each lot consisted of a control vat of cheese manufactured with the lactic starter only, and an experimental vat of cheese containing the lactic starter and one of the enterococcus strains. Combinations of two curing temperatures ( 7.2 and 12.8 C) and two early cooling treatments (air vs. brine cooling) were used for cheeses from each vat to determine environmentally-induced variability. Growth patterns were monitored throughout the manufacture period up to the end of pressing, and during curing up to 6 months. Enterococcus populations showed little or no decrease when the cheeses were being pressed, whereas populations in control cheeses decreased over the same period. During curing, control cheeses cured at 7.2 C showed marked population decreases over the 6 month...
Creating Mentoring Opportunities to Promote Cultural Competencies and Social Justice

This article focuses on the application of mentorship strategies to develop cultural competencies and promote social justice in future generations of counseling psychologists. Moreover, the emphasi...
Abstract 260: Knockout of Apolipoprotein A-II Has Dramatic Effects on High-Density Lipoprotein Subspecies Distribution

High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a highly heterogeneous population of particles composed of various lipids and proteins. They have been demonstrated to possess a diverse variety of functional properties which are thought to contribute to protection against cardiovascular disease (CVD). Proteomics studies have identified up to 75 different proteins which can associate with HDL. The basis for the compositional diversity of HDL is not known but a better understanding will yield important information about its broad functional diversity. To investigate the impact of common HDL apolipoproteins on the distribution of other apolipoproteins, we have begun to systematically fractionate plasma from various HDL apolipoprotein KO mice. Plasma from apoA-I, apoA-IV and apoA-II global KO mice was applied to gel filtration chromatography to distinguish HDL size populations. HDL particles sequestered by a phospholipid binding resin were proteomically analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. By comparing elution volume shifts (i.e. particle size variations) for each HDL protein between WT controls and the KO models, we assessed the impact of the deleted protein on HDL size distributions. Ablation of apoA-I, while decreasing total HDL phospholipid by 70%, had a surprisingly small impact on the distribution of the majority of other HDL associated proteins - affecting only 9 of them. Genetic apoA-IV ablation had a similar modest effect shifting a distinct subset of 9 proteins. However, loss of apoA-II, in addition to causing a similar 70% reduction in overall HDL phospholipids, affected the size distribution of some 45 HDL proteins (including several complement proteins and paraoxonase-1). These data suggest that apoA-I, while associated with the majority of HDL phospholipid, may actually interact with relatively few of the lower abundance proteins known to be associated with HDL. ApoA-II on the other hand, may interact with many of these, perhaps acting as a docking site or adaptor molecule.
Sterol Esterification and Homeostasis in a Model Eukaryote

The intracellular esterification of sterols by all eukaryotes represents a critical homeostatic response to excess sterol. This process is mediated by a multigene family in several organisms, including the unicellular eukaryote, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (yeast). We describe here our recent efforts to identify molecular components of sterol esterification and sterol transport in this model system. This includes homologs to the acyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) gene, a putative homolog to the Niemann Pick C (NPC) gene, and novel yeast genes with human counterparts.
Advancing Monopoly Capitalism: A Totalitarian Mental Landscape

Emerging from World War II, the USA actively sought the consolidation of its banking, industrial, and commercial sectors, creating a political economy of advancing monopoly capitalism. This chapter traces the impact of this process of nation-building and development of capitalism on the USA’s increased independence from Europe, and the creation of a new crucial agenda of labor pacification and a US foreign policy of market expansion.
Simulations in Entrepreneurship Education: Serious Games and Learning Through Play:

Entrepreneurship education continues to grow and develop worldwide. This article seeks to expand knowledge and understanding of educational practice in entrepreneurship by focusing on serious games...
BRAFV600E mutations and immunohistochemical expression of VE1 protein in low‐grade serous neoplasms of the ovary

AIMS The most common BRAF mutation in ovarian low-grade serous neoplasms (LGSNs) involves substitution of valine by glutamic acid at position 600 (V600E). Small studies have demonstrated high specificity of immunohistochemistry with mutation-specific monoclonal antibody VE1. We sought to investigate the expression of VE1 protein in LGSNs and its correlation with BRAF mutation-associated histological features and BRAF mutation status. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed pathology reports and available slides from ovarian serous borderline tumours (SBTs) and low-grade serous carcinomas (LGSCs) diagnosed between 2000 and 2012. VE1 immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Tumours with ≥50% positive cells were considered positive. Of 121 LGSNs, there were 73 SBTs, eight SBTs with micropapillary features (mpSBT) and 40 LGSCs (22 primary, 18 metastatic). VE1 was positive in 52% (38 of 73) of SBTs and 9% (two of 22) of primary LGSCs, and in none of the mpSBTs and metastatic LGSCs (P < 0.0001). Of 76 tumours with known mutation status, 42 (55%) harboured mutations, including BRAFV600E (26, 34%), KRASG12D (eight, 11%), and KRASG12V (eight, 11%). BRAFV600E mutations were present in 48% (25 of 52) of SBTs and 5% (one of 22) of LGSCs (P < 0.0001). VE1 was positive in 96% (25 of 26) of BRAFV600E -mutated tumours and correlated with BRAF mutation-associated histological features (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS BRAFV600E mutations are significantly more common in SBTs than in LGSCs. Immunohistochemical expression of VE1 protein is associated strongly with BRAFV600E mutation and BRAF mutation-associated histological features. VE1 immunohistochemistry is a reliable method for the detection of BRAFV600E mutations.
Applications of the collision test to produce results consistent with the spectral test

Detector simulation activities for SSC detector designs are described. Topics include the extensive work to date using existing programs. In addition, the several efforts to extend the capabilities of today's programs are described, as the practical and experimental use of new computing platforms for simulation. Finally, progress in the field is compared with the recommendations of the first workshop in this series in 1987.
Clinically important intermethod differences for physiologically abnormal ionized magnesium results.

We compared physiologically abnormal low and high ionized magnesium (iMg) results determined with the AVL 988-4 (AVL, Graz, Austria) and Nova CRT (Nova Biomedical, Waltham, Mass) ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) in serum samples from randomly selected patients. A result of ≤ 0.39 mmol/L with either ISE constituted the low magnesium group and of ≥ 0.65 mmol/L the high magnesium group. Within each group we found significant differences between the iMg results. Major intermethod differences were found for samples with physiologically normal total magnesium concentration: most of the samples in the low magnesium group (83%) had abnormally low results with the Nova ISE, whereas most of the results with the AVL ISE (83%) were normal. In contrast, all results with the AVL ISE for the high magnesium group were abnormally high, but 67% of the results with the Nova ISE were normal. The agreement for the clinical interpretation of iMg results based on the reference interval for each method was only 32%. The differences in iMg results between the two analyzers must be resolved before using the iMg test as measured with ISE for patient care.
Psychophysiological Models of Psychosomatic Illness

Psychophysiology has been defined as the science which concerns those physiological activities which underlie or relate to psychic functions1. In a sense, this definition incorporates the basic features of numerous non-systematic observations made for centuries by people of diverse professional origin, such as philosophers and practicing physicians, poets and physiologists. Despite having this long past, psychophysiology is formaly new as a separate discipline, its official birth dating back in the 1960’s when the first psychophysiological scientific society was founded and the journal “Psychophysiology” appeared.
Age cutoff for reporting of benign-appearing endometrial cells in Papanicolaou specimens; should it be raised? A 10-year retrospective study from a large county hospital.

Introduction The recommendation for reporting benign-appearing endometrial cells in Papanicolaou specimens was increased from 40 to 45 years in the 2014 edition of The Bethesda System. Recent studies suggest that increasing the reporting age to 50 years would have no significant negative impact. Reporting of benign endometrial cells may trigger unnecessary procedures and increase the cost of patient care. The goal of our study was to perform cytohistologic correlations and determine an optimal age cutoff for reporting endometrial cells in cervical cytology specimens. Materials and methods The pathology database was searched between 2006 and 2015 for Papanicolaou tests with benign-appearing endometrial cells that were followed by endometrial sampling within 1 year of the cytology result in women ≥45 years. In cases where more than one follow-up surgical specimen was available, only the most significant result was included. Endometrial carcinoma or atypical hyperplasia was considered a significant histologic result. The data were organized into 4 age groups, 45 to 49, 50 to 54, 55 to 59, and ≥60 years. Results Among 453,420 Papanicolaou specimens, 1121 cases reported endometrial cells in women ≥45 years. Of these, 588 (52%) had an endometrial biopsy/curettage or hysterectomy. Benign diagnosis was reported for 558 (95%) and 12 (2%) samples were insufficient for diagnosis. Significant histologic findings were present in 18 (3%) of cases, of which all were endometrial carcinoma. The difference was statistically significant between the age groups 45 to 54 and ≥55 (1.5% versus 17% of cases had significant endometrial pathology, P Conclusions Increasing the current reporting age appears safe and may improve efficiency and cost savings.
Student Feature: Coloring Cell Biology

Cellfies: A Cell Biology Coloring Book . By Hannah Sage Yoder. CreateSpace Independent Publishing. (ISBN 1-722379-065). Soft Cover. $16.99. This book was selected as a special item for review for the holiday issue of our column, both because it is a beautifully rendered coloring book for cell biology and because …
Chapter 26 – Family Reoviridae

Reovirus genomes are segmented, double-stranded RNA. Virions contain from 9 to 12 linear segments. Virions are unenveloped and capsids are constructed from two or three discrete protein layers. Upon entry into the cell, the outer capsid layer(s) disassemble but genome segments remain within the innermost core. Each genome segment is associated with a molecule of RdRp and newly synthesized mRNAs are released through pores in the core particle. Members of the genus Rotavirus are major human and animal pathogens. In humans, most severe disease (life-threatening diarrhea) is seen among children 3 months to 2 years of age. Transmission is fecal oral and feces contain up to 1010 infectious units per gram. Virions are highly contagious and are very stable in the environment. Members of the genus Orthoreovirus are seldom associated with disease. They are ubiquitous and serve as good indicators of fecal contamination. Orbiviruses are transmitted by insects. Among the animal diseases caused by orbiviruses are bluetongue, epizootic hemorrhagic disease, and African horse sickness.
Neural mechanisms of song learning in a passerine bird

The neural control of vocal learning and behavior in songbirds is vested in a highly localized system of interconnected brain nuclei. In zebra finches (Poephila guttata), these neural circuits undergo profound developmental changes during the time when song behavior is being learned, and both song learning and its neural substrate are sensitive to gonadal hormones such as testosterone and estrogen. Work from our lab has suggested that there may be separate neural circuits that are associated with early versus late stages of vocal learning in zebra finches. Thus, lesioning the song-control circuit that includes the forebrain nucleus IMAN (lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum) disrupts song behavior only during early stages of vocal learning, whereas making the same lesion during later stages of song development has little or no effect on song behavior. In contrast, lesioning the song-control nucleus HVc (caudal nucleus if the ventral hyperstriatum) produces substantial disruption of song behavior in older juvenile and adult birds, but seems to exert less of a disruptive effect early in the song learning process. Both IMAN and HVc are only two synapses away from the motor neurons that control the vocal muscles, but the circuit containing IMAN regresses during vocal development while the circuit containing HVc grows. Interestingly, neurons are lost from IMAN during early stages of song learning whereas many newly generated neurons are added to HVc throughout the time when song is being learned. This pattern may correlate with the finding that the circuit containing HVc appears to assume increasing control over song behavior as the circuit containing IMAN is relinquishing its role.
Bioluminescence potential modeling with an ensemble approach

The approach for modeling bioluminescence (BL) potential is proposed. The approach consists of (1) estimation of the adjoint (by backward in time integration of the adjoint model), (2) generation of ensembles of BL potential initial conditions and source minus sink term, and (3) estimation of two integrals: the integration of the adjoint with the BL potential initial conditions and the integration of the adjoint with the BL potential source minus sink term. In this case, the impact of physical processes on BL potential dynamics is introduced through the one backward integration of the adjoint. The proposed approach has been applied to modeling of the BL potential changes in the area of the submesoscale filament, which developed during the upwelling event in the Monterey Bay area, California. Comparisons of modeled histograms with those observed show that predicted changes in mean BL potential values in the area of filament very closely resemble the observed ones: increase over 5 days in mean BL potential values in the top 15 m and decrease in mean BL potential values between 30 and 45 m depth in the area of the filament. There is a similar good qualitative and quantitative agreement between observed and model-predicted differences in histograms when BL potential values in 30–45 m depth are compared to the BL potential values in the top 15 m.
Theory of natural optical activity in crystalline Cu2+:ZnSeO4.6H2O

The chiroptical properties associated with the d-d transitions of Cu2+ ions in crystalline Cu2+:ZnSeO4.6H2O are examined on a theoretical model which is based on a crystal-field representation of the Cu2+ d-d states, and which includes explicit consideration of pseudo Jahn-Teller distortions within the manifold of Cu2+ ligand field states. In Cu2+:ZnSeO4.6H2O, the Cu2+ ions are located at sites of C 2 symmetry. However, the six oxygen atoms (from H2O) coordinated directly to Cu2+ form a near perfect octahedron so that the ‘crystal field’ as felt by the Cu2+ 3d electrons deviates only slightly from cubic (Oh ) symmetry. This results in a ‘nearly degenerate’ electronic ground state which is subject to pseudo Jahn-Teller distortion. Calculations are carried out which incorporate both the crystal field and vibronic coupling (pseudo Jahn-Teller interactions) aspects of the fundamental theoretical model. The signs and magnitudes of the computed rotatory strengths are in qualitative agreement with experimental o...
Canonical Polyadic (CP) Decomposition of Structured Semi-Symmetric Fourth-Order Tensors

This paper considers canonical polyadic decomposition of fourth order tensors which have both structured and unstructured factors. The structured factors are assumed to be sub-selected rows of Vandermonde matrices. We show that for a M × N × M × N tensor with M (resp. N) being the dimension corresponding to structured (resp. unstructured) factors, recovery of O(M2N) factors are possible, if the structured factors are designed according to specific non-uniform sampling geometries. Our proposed algorithm is only based on simple linear algebraic operations, and can easily be implemented.
A luminescent oxygen-sensing hydrogel for mapping tissue oxygenation (Conference Presentation)

There is an unmet need for simple-to-use oximetry devices that can map tissue oxygenation over large areas while being easily integrated into clinical standard-of-care workflows. We present a phosphorescence-based approach which features red-emitting porphyrin molecule constructs, embedded within a paint-on hydrogel bandage for tissue oxygen concentration imaging. The bandage emission is visible by eye which enables oxygen imaging even in the presence of skin autofluorescence. Preclinical testing to validate correlations between bandage oxygenation maps and perfusion is ongoing, and by allowing gelation to occur on the skin the bandage can conform to odd topologies, such as ears.
The Ideal Op-Amp

An operational amplifier (op-amp) is a special type of differential amplifier that has some very useful properties. Op-amps are available as inexpensive self-contained integrated circuits and the detail of what goes on inside the device is rarely of concern. In this chapter, the ideal op-amp, treated as a device, is introduced and many useful circuits based on the ideal op-amp with feedback are presented. After that, some discussion of properties of a real op-amp are presented.
National Utilization of Surgery and Outcomes for Primary Tracheal Cancer in the United States

Background Tracheal cancer (TC) is a rare disease, and surgical treatment requires a high level of expertise. We sought to determine the treatment patterns and surgical outcomes of TC in the United States. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for all cases of primary invasive TC without distant metastatic disease between 2004 and 2015. Primary surgical treatment and outcomes were analyzed. Factors associated with utilization of surgery and overall survival were tested using regression analysis. Results Of 1379 identified TC patients, 338 patients (25%) were treated surgically. Among resected patients, most had adenoid cystic (48%) or squamous cell (28%) carcinoma. Median length of hospital stay after resection was 7 days (interquartile range, 3-8), and 30-day mortality was 1.4%. Most nonsurgically managed patients underwent radiation (63%). Factors associated with surgical resection were younger age, higher education level, tumor size, and adenoid cystic histology. On multivariate analysis patients were also more likely to undergo surgery if they traveled a farther distance for treatment (>45 km; odds ratio, 1.53; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-2.13) or were treated at academic centers (odds ratio, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.25-2.26). Five-year overall survival was 71% after resection, 39% after surgical debulking, and 31% without surgery (P Conclusions National surgical outcomes for resection of TC demonstrate low perioperative mortality and excellent long-term prognosis. However, few nonmetastatic TC patients underwent surgery, indicating disparities in access to optimal surgical care and variability in practice patterns at a national level.
Authentic "Learning By Doing" Projects In Business In Market Research Course

Location: Dewberry Hall Experiential learning environments and "learning by doing" are accepted as effective instructional methods. Application in our market research classes immerses students in an authentic project, e.g. studentsâ perceived marketing curriculum needs. The information is used to improve the curriculum and to complete class projects. Some voluntarily do projects for real clients, e.g. The Honey Bee Initiative, Executive and Professional Education, and others. Participants will be able to generalize the authentic learning opportunities to their curriculum.
LIGHTNING TALK: Research-Your-Way-To-An-A: A Model For Cross-Campus Collaboration

SESSION LOCATION: George's (3rd Floor of Johnson Center) Four university partners (the University Libraries' Teaching & Learning Team, Learning Services, the Writing Center, and the Communications Center) leveraged their unique skills and expertise to provide students with a comprehensive, week-long research workshop series called "Research Your Way to An A." This timely series was meant to equip students with necessary research and life skills during one of the most critical points in the semester and in their academic careers. Our lightning talk focuses on the origins of the cross-campus partnership, the details of the outreach event, and lessons learned. It also features the results of the workshop series, including data on the number and type of students attracted as well as student-generated data rating the space, food, instruction, topics, and timeliness of the workshops. We hope to provide faculty and staff with a model for forging valuable partnerships as well as suggestions for how to make similar outreach events successful. We also hope to generate a conversation about other types of workshops that might help our undergraduate and graduate populations develop transferable skills to be used both inside and outside of the classroom.
Handbook of Manufacturing and Supply Systems Design: From Strategy Formulations to System Operation

Overview of a Unified Framework of Manufacturing Systems Management. Manufacturing and Supply Strategy Analysis. MS Strategy and System Design Interface. Execution of Systems Design Tasks. MS System Implementation. MS Performance Measurement and System Status Monitoring. Institutionalization of MSM - Application and Tools. Selected Bibliography. Index.
Nesiritide – Run and hide?

Data extraction: Data were extracted from FDA and sponsor documents and corroborated with published articles when available. Thirty-day survival was assessed by metaanalysis using a fixed-effects model and time-dependent risk by Kaplan-Meier analysis with Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Where deaths were described within a range of days after treatment, an extreme assumption was made favoring nesiritide over control therapy, an approach relevant to the time-dependent analyses.
“We Have to Give”: Sinhala Mothers' Responses to Children's Expression of Desire

Abstract Using data gathered through participant-observation and interviews focused on everyday mothering interactions in a Sinhala family in central Sri Lanka, I argue that the combination of continuous indulgence with disappointing material, social, and emotional results leads children to disavow their own desires by middle childhood. This early socialization to the negative potential of desire makes fertile ground for cultural doctrines that explicitly link desire, suffering, and destruction. Further, mothers who themselves have internalized these understandings react to their children's assertions of desire with intense discomfort combined with indulgence, reproducing their own socialization in the experiences of their children. By being attuned to psychodynamic processes between and within people and as well as attentive to the sociocultural medium in which they occur, I provide a model of and for thinking about how actual practices of mothering lead children to develop culturally patterned habits of thought, behavior, and feeling, preparing them to find subsequently encountered cultural material meaningful. [mothering, child socialization, indulgence, disavowal, desire, Sri Lanka]
Steep faint-end slopes of galaxy mass and luminosity functions at z≥ 6 and the implications for reionization

We present the results of a numerical study comparing photometric and physical properties of simulated z= 6–9 galaxies to the observations taken by the Wide Field Camera 3 instrument aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Using cosmological hydrodynamical simulations we find good agreement with observations in colour–colour space at all studied redshifts. We also find good agreement between observations and our Schechter luminosity function fit in the observable range, Muv≤−18, provided that a moderate dust extinction effect exists for massive galaxies. However beyond what currently can be observed, simulations predict a very large number of low-mass galaxies and evolving steep faint-end slopes from αL=−2.15 at z= 6 to αL=−2.64 at z= 9, with a dependence of |αL| ∝ (1 +z)0.59. During the same epoch, the normalization ϕ* increases and the characteristic magnitude becomes moderately brighter with decreasing redshift. We find similar trends for galaxy stellar mass function with evolving low-mass end slope from αM=−2.26 at z= 6 to αM=−2.87 at z= 9, with a dependence of |αM| ∝ (1 +z)0.65. Together with our recent result on the high escape fraction of ionizing photons for low-mass galaxies, our results suggest that the low-mass galaxies are important contributor of ionizing photons for the reionization of the Universe at z≥ 6.
Familial asplenia, other malformations, and sudden death.

Two families have been presented. In one, asplenia occurred with and without gastrointestinal malformations. In the other, cardiovascular malformations occurred in one member and Ivemark syndrome in the other. All three children with asplenia died in infancy, two with evidence of sepsis. Sudden death in infancy may be due to sepsis in a child with isolated asplenia syndrome and impaired resistance to infection. Both isolated asplenia and some cases of congenital heart disease without asplenia may be related to Ivemark syndrome. New infants born in families with a history of congenital cardiovascular malformations, visceral heterotaxy, or other malformations associated with Ivemark syndrome should be tested for asplenia, primarily by searching for Howell-Jolly bodies. infants with asplenia should be protected with prophylactic antibiotics. Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is indicated at the age of 2 years. It would appear worthwhile for pediatric surgical or pediatric cardiologic services to perform a screening program for Howell-Jolly bodies.
Control of posterior pituitary vasopressin content: implications for the regulation of the vasopressin gene

Axon terminals in the posterior pituitary store large quantities of the hormone vasopressin (AVP), buffering the synthesizing neurons in the hypothalamus against acute changes in physiological demand for hormone release. The dynamics of pituitary AVP content reflect the competing processes of release and synthesis. This report demonstrates substantial increases in pituitary AVP content in the maturing rat. Between 7-10 weeks of age, the total pituitary AVP content in the rat increases from 957 +/- 72 to 1667 +/- 160 ng. Cross-sectional data indicate a parallel relationship between body weight and pituitary AVP content. Nevertheless, weight maintenance does not affect age-related increases in AVP content. Decreasing demand for hormone release and synthesis by inducing hyponatremia blocks subsequent pituitary accumulation. After withdrawing the hyponatremic experimental conditions, animals resume accumulation of pituitary AVP, but do not catch up to age-matched controls. This indicates that increases in pituitary AVP content do not result from a feedback signal from the neural lobe, but rather, pituitary AVP levels passively reflect changes in hormone release and compensatory synthesis.
The 2+2 bachelor of applied science in information technology follow-up 2 years later: dealing with challenges

One of the tasks that most universities face is the problem of transfer credits for students coming from other schools. This is particularly problematic with students who attend accredited two year technical schools and receive an AAS or AAT degree. Our university created an articulation agreement with technical two year colleges who offer AAS degrees in computing fields. This paper will examine the challenges, particularly credit evaluation and advising, that have occurred over the last two years. The paper discusses the challenges and how the department has solved them.
Animals and the Image of God in the Bible and Beyond

Abstract: This article examines theological thought pertaining to the imago Dei doctrine in light of its relation to non-human animals within the framework of biblical, intertestamental Jewish, and early Christian writings. Evaluating theological understandings of human nature as they relate to and interact with theological and philosophical understandings of animals and animal nature, the author finds that the understandings of the image of God and dominion as they are ideally conceived in the Jewish and Christian Scriptures are significantly more closely related to the ideas of human-animal continuity, compassion, and responsibility than to human rationality or the human immaterial immortal soul (and the entailed implication of animals' lack thereof).
The effects of expansion of markets on rural income distribution in nineteenth century India

There is widespread agreement that one of the effects of Indian railroads in the period 1860-1900 was expansion of the markets for agricultural commodities. In tracing this expansion one study concluded that all of the districts analyzed (187) were in the same market for wheat and rice before the end of the nineteenth century (Hurd, 1971). The expansion of the export trade, both international and interregional, has been the subject of a host of economic historians since R. C. Dutt. Most authors agree that expanded markets for agricultural commodities could change both the total income accruing to a village or region and the distribution of income among individuals in that village or region. It has been the position of “nationalist” historians that expanded markets benefited large landowners and moneylenders but that those markets also reduced the well-being of small cultivators and landless laborers. In fact, the nationalists appear to be saying that not only did these latter groups not share in the increased agricultural income generated by larger markets; their real incomes fell during the period 18601900 (Dutt, 1950; Chandra, 1968). The data necessary to determine changes in income distribution directly are not available. Such a confrontation would demand not only wage and rent data, but data on the amount of land and labor employed and, of course, price series for agricultural commodities. It may be possible, over time, to generate the needed data for a direct determination of income shares. In the meantime, a simple model may be used to determine under what conditions the changes in relative and absolute distribution posited by the nationalists could have occurred. The cotton-growing districts of western India are examined to see if these necessary conditions existed between 1860 and 1900.
O-Crystallin, arginine kinase and ferritin from the octopus lens.

Abstract Three proteins have been identified in the eye lens of the octopus, Octopus dofleini. A 22 kDa protein comprising 3–5% of the soluble protein of the lens is 35–43% identical to a family of phosphatidylethanolamine-binding proteins of vertebrates. Other members of this family include the immunodominant antigen of the filarial parasite, Onchocerca volvulus, putative odorant-binding proteins of Drosophila and a protein with unknown function of Caenorhabditis elegans. We have called this protein O-crystallin on the basis of its abundance in the transparent lens. O-Crystallin mRNA was detected only in the lens. Two tryptic peptides of another octopus lens protein, less abundant than O-crystallin, showed 80% identity to arginine kinase of invertebrates, a relative of creatine kinase of vertebrates. Finally, ferritin cDNA was isolated as an abundant cDNA from the octopus lens library. Northern blots showed that ferritin mRNA is not lens-specific.
Sesquiterpene lactones and other constituents from Piptothrix areolare

Abstract The investigation of Piptothrix areolare afforded, in addition to 7-acetoxytinifoline and cis - p -hydroxycinnamic acid, two known and two new sesquiterpene lactones sharing unusual C 10 diester side chains. These data support morphological evidence which indicates Piptothrix is closely related to the genus Ageratina . The structures and stereochemistry were determined by spectroscopic methods.
Second-Language Composition Instruction, Computers and First-Language Pedagogy: A Descriptive Survey

This study reports on a survey of selected second-language instructors' views on the use of computers in second-language composition instruction. Data are reported for 208 (from a total of 1,678) full-time instructional faculty at universities, two-year colleges, and high schools across the nation. Most respondents taught one-semester courses whose enrollment sizes were increasing. Text use for the majority of programs is three years or less. This corresponds to the advent of process-model texts. Apples and IBM-PC's predominate among the hardware available. The lack of foreign-character support remains the major frustration reported. Essay analyzers are new to nearly everyone. There is mixed opinion about the real versus the expected benefits of using word processors as part of composition instruction. However, the time appears right for a paradigm shift and curriculum definition to include computer-assisted composition instruction.
The inhibition of tRNA methylase activity by nicotinamide and a non-dialyzable inhibitor.

Summary A non-dialyzable tRNA methylase inhibitor was isolated from normal adult rat liver. The inhibition caused by this factor was eliminated on prolonged dialysis. However, when nicotinamide was added back to the dialyzed fraction, the inhibitory activity was reconstituted.
A 90nm CMOS PA module for 4G applications with embedded PVT gain compensation circuit

A 90nm CMOS dual band power amplifier flip-chip module for 4G (WiMAX/LTE) applications with embedded process and temperature gain compensation circuit, is presented. The gain compensation circuit reduces the gain variation over temperature from 3dB/stage to 0.25dB/stage. Mask compliance is achieved at power (efficiency) of 26.7/26.3dBm (24/23%) and 27.9/27.3dBm (29/26%) for 10MHz WiMAX and LTE packets, at 2.5/3.5GHz bands, respectively.
Specific inhibition of FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation by Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in cultures of rat sertoli cells

delta 9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the major psychoactive component in marihuana has been shown to affect male and female reproduction in both humans and animals. THC has effects at the level at the pituitary-hypothalamic axis as well as a direct effect on the testis and ovary. A specific gonadal effect of THC is inhibition of steroidogenesis in cultured granulosa cells from immature, estrogen-treated rats that depends in part on a post-cyclic AMP site of action. The effect of THC on cAMP accumulation itself, however, has not yet been examined in this cell type. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of THC on granulosa cell cAMP accumulation, a process that is important for several granulosa cell functions, including steroidogenesis. THC inhibited FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation in a dose-dependent manner at concentrations which were not cytotoxic. This inhibition was evident by 2 hr and did not affect the dose of FSH which gave half-maximal stimulation, suggesting that THC does not compete with FSH for binding to its receptor. Detailed investigations regarding the mechanism of THC inhibition were conducted using forskolin and isoproterenol. In contrast to its effect on FSH stimulation, THC did not inhibit forskolin- or isoproterenol-stimulated cAMP accumulation, indicating a specific effect for the FSH receptor. In addition, inhibition of FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation occurred in the presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, indicating that THC does not decrease cAMP accumulation through an increase in the cAMP degradative pathway. These data indicate that a part of the reproductive toxicity seen with THC may be due to a specific alteration of the hormonal control of granulosa cell function via a specific inhibition of FSH-stimulated cAMP accumulation.
Initial evidence for sex-specific effects of early emotional abuse on affective processing in bipolar disorder.

Purpose This study investigates the effect of sex and childhood trauma on affective processing in bipolar disorder (BPD) patients. Methods In a sample of fifty-six BPD patients, we administered the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), and the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and the Affective Go/No-Go (AGNG) to measure affective processing. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to evaluate the effect of sex and childhood trauma on IGT; Repeated-Measures ANOVAs to measure accuracy and bias measures across conditions on the AGNG. Results In the context of childhood abuse, females evidenced a more conservative cognitive style than males by selecting fewer cards from the disadvantageous decks [F(1, 49)=14.218; P Conclusion Severity of childhood trauma was significantly different between sexes. In the context of a history of emotional abuse, male bipolar patients tended toward a more risk-taking behavior compared to female. Further investigations are needed to elucidate potential pathophysiological mechanisms underlying this interaction.
Ovarian retention cysts in hypothyroid rats treated with diethylstilbestrol.

SummaryOvarian cysts were encountered in rats with a chronic hypothyroidism but their frequency was increased when such animals were given diethylstilbestrol. The cyst formation is probably associated with degenerative changes in the ovary.
Effects of paclobutrazol on growth, photosynthesis and carbohydrate content of ‘dDlicious’ apples

Abstract Paclobutrazol(2R,3R+2S,3S)1-(4chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)pentan-3-ol) at 25, 50 and 150 mg active ingredient was applied as a soil drench or stem application to 1-year-old ‘Topred Delicious’ apples. Both application methods reduced leaf area, leaf fresh weight and leaf dry weight. Stem applications reduced shoot length to a further extent than soil applications. Soluble carbohydrate levels were increased in the stem-treated plants. Photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and chlorophyll content were not affected.
Partitioning of an homologous series of alkyl p-aminobenzoates into multilamellar liposomes: effect of liposome composition

Abstract The partitioning of the n -alkyl- p -aminobenzoates into the lipid bilayer is dependent not only on their physicochemical properties, but also on temperature and bilayer composition. Partitioning studies with this homologous series demonstrate the effect of alkyl chain length on partitioning in pure DPPC liposomes at 23 and 50 °C and in DPPC: Chol liposomes at 23 °C. A general trend is observed wherein increasing alkyl chain length increases partitioning of the drug into the bilayer. It is also shown that inclusion of cholesterol in the bilayer or increasing the temperature increases the partitioning of the n -alkyl p -aminobenzoates into the bilayer. The distribution coefficients are strongly influenced by the physical structure/state of the membrane. Therefore, factors which increase the fluidity of the bilayer will also increase solute partitioning into the bilayer. Compounds that are highly lipid soluble, such as butyl p -aminobenzoate, will preferentially partition into the bilayer, and are relatively insensitive to bilayer composition or to structural changes within the bilayer.
Microbial oxidation of naphthalene derivatives. Absolute configuration of metabolites

Abstract 2-Methylnaphthalene was subjected to microbial oxidation by Pseudomonas putida 39D and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9816 organisms. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of the major metabolite is reported and its use in enantioselective synthesis Is indicated.
The holistic presumptions of the indispensability argument

The indispensability argument is sometimes seen as weakened by its reliance on a controversial premise of confirmation holism. Recently, some philoso- phers working on the indispensability argument have developed versions of the argu- ment which, they claim, do not rely on holism. Some of these writers even claim to have strengthened the argument by eliminating the controversial premise. I argue that the apparent removal of holism leaves a lacuna in the argument. Without the holistic premise, or some other premise which facilitates the transfer of evidence to mathematical portions of scientific theories, the argument is implausible.
Optimally regularised kernel Fisher discriminant analysis

Mika et al. (1999) introduce a non-linear formulation of Fisher's linear discriminant, based the now familiar "kernel trick", demonstrating state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of real-world benchmark datasets. In this paper, we show that the usual regularisation parameter can be adjusted so as to minimise the leave-one-out cross-validation error with a computational complexity of only O(/spl lscr//sup 2/) operations, where /spl lscr/ is the number of training patterns, rather than the O(/spl lscr//sup 4/) operations required for a naive implementation of the leave-one-out procedure. This procedure is then used to form a component of an efficient hierarchical model selection strategy where the regularisation parameter is optimised within the inner loop while the kernel parameters are optimised in the outer loop.
Monthly variations in feeding and activity patterns of the mangabey, Cercocebus albigena (Lydekker)

Summary Ranging patterns, feeding activity, and time budgets of a group of gray-cheeked mangabeys in the Kibale Forest, western Uganda, were studied in May-June 1971 and from March 1972 to April 1973. Locations and activities of individuals in a fifteen-member group of this arboreal primate were systematically recorded at half-hourly intervals during continuous following of the group. Phenological data were concurrently collected for eleven species of intensively used trees. Mangabeys are primarily frugivores, although leaves and flowers of some species are eaten and substantial time was devoted to insect foraging. Although a typical twice-yearly alternation of wet and dry periods exists in this forest, strongly seasonal trends are the exception in the following aspects of mangabey behaviour: (1) extent and location of areas used, (2) distance moved daily, (3) percentage of time spent feeding or moving, (4) percentage of time spent feeding on different food types. An explanation may be provided by the phenological data, which indicate that many species of tree used by mangabeys fruit either asynchronously and nonseasonally or synchronously but at very long and possibly irregular intervals. Thus mangabeys are faced with foods which fluctuate widely in availability, particularly within a small area, but which are not seasonal in their fluctuations.
Selected plastic formulations for use as mosquito larvicides.

Laboratory evaluations were conducted of Abate® ( O, O -dimethyl phosphorothioate O, O -diester with 4,4' thiodiphenol), Dursban® ( O, O -diethyl O -3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl phosphorothioate), naled, and malathion as mosquito larvickles formulated at selected concentrations into plastic pellets composed of polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane foam, and polyamide. Southern house mosquitoes, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, were bioassayed with repeated use of single pellets, and mortality was recorded at the end of 24 hours. All nonfoam formulations except naled and malathion at 0.5 and 1.0% concentrations have given more than 90% mortality to date. Pellet weight varied from 10 to 20 mg depending upon the plastic or mold used. Polyurethane foam pellets gave effective control for only 2 tests at all levels for each insecticide. Polyamide and polyvinyl chloride appear to show promise for slow larvicide release when applied at the same rate presently used in emulsion and granular applications. Nalcd-plastic formulations extend the longevity of this insecticide considerably and overcome its corrosive properties.
An N2 algorithm for the multiple scattering solution of N scatterers

The scattering solution from N scatterers, each of whose scattered field is approximated by M harmonics is an NM unknown problem. A straightforward solution to this problem can be obtained by casting it into an NM linear algebraic equation. The solution of the linear algebraic equation will involve order N3M3 flouting point operations. However, via the use of a recursive algorithm and the translation formula, an order N2M3 algorithm to solve such a problem is possible.