cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of monitoring and prognostics to small modular reactors

Prognostics is one component of a full health monitoring system, which generally includes plant condition monitoring, fault detection, fault diagnostics, and estimation of remaining useful life. Empirical methods for prognostics have been widely studied, and the efficacy of these models is well accepted. However, these methods typically require large amounts of run-to-failure data for accurate model development. This has been one of the main roadblocks for developing prognostic models for high reliability or safety critical systems: equipment rarely malfunctions; when it does, it is often times repaired before failure occurs. This paper presents the work completed in developing and validating an accurate prognostic system for several potential IRIS system fault modes using high-fidelity simulated data before any plant operation takes place. Fault modes under investigation include heat exchanger fouling, sensor calibration drifts, and pump degradation. Prognostic models are developed which can be applied to the IRIS plant from day one of operation to facilitate the final step in a full health monitoring system. These estimates of remaining useful life can be used to inform both operations and maintenance planning to reduce plant downtime and provide the highest level of power production from the beginning of operation.
Beyond ICARA II: implementing refugee-related development assistance.

This article reviews the evolution of the Second International Conference on Assistance to Refugees in Africa (ICARA II) which advanced discussions on the connection between refugees and the development process and provided a forum to address refugee-related development burdens in Africa. A consensus now exists regarding how to address these burdens but several challenges complicate realization of the ICARA II agenda including: 1) the need for greater coordination between development and refugee agencies in the UN system and governments 2) the need for provision of adequate resources by donors 3) the weakness of host country capacity to absorb and manage assistance in the context of overall development planning and 4) the poor visibility of refugee-related development needs as compared to emergency ones (authors).
Project-based learning with international collaboration for training biomedical engineers

Training biomedical engineers while effectively keeping up with the fast paced scientific breakthroughs and the growth in technical innovations poses arduous challenges for educators. Traditional pedagogical methods are employed for coping with the increasing demands in biomedical engineering (BME) training and continuous improvements have been attempted with some success. Project-based learning (PBL) is an academic effort that challenges students by making them carry out interdisciplinary projects aimed at accomplishing a wide range of student learning outcomes. PBL has been shown to be effective in the medical field and has been adopted by other fields including engineering. The impact of globalization in healthcare appears to be steadily increasing which necessitates the inclusion of awareness of relevant international activities in the curriculum. Numerous difficulties are encountered when the formation of a collaborative team is tried, and additional difficulties occur as the collaboration team is extended to international partners. Understanding and agreement of responsibilities becomes somewhat complex and hence the collaborative project has to be planned and executed with clear understanding by all partners and participants. A model for training BME students by adopting PBL with international collaboration is proposed. The results of previous BME project work with international collaboration fit partially into the model. There were many logistic issues and constraints; however, the collaborative projects themselves greatly enhanced the student learning outcomes. This PBL type of learning experience tends to promote long term retention of multidisciplinary material and foster high-order cognitive activities such as analysis, synthesis and evaluation. In addition to introducing the students to experiences encountered in the real-life workforce, the proposed approach enhances developing professional contracts and global networking. In conclusion, despite initial challenges, adopting project-based learning with international collaboration has strong potentials to be valuable in the training of biomedical engineering students.
An analytical model for fluid flow and heat transfer in a micro-heat pipe of polygonal shape

Abstract An analytical model for fluid flow and heat transfer in a micro-heat pipe of polygonal shape is presented by utilizing a macroscopic approach. The coupled nonlinear governing equations for fluid flow, heat and mass transfer have been modified and have been solved analytically. The analytical model enables us to study the performance and the limitations of such a device and provides the analytical expressions for critical heat input, dry-out length and available capillary head for the flow of fluid. A dimensionless parameter, which plays an important role in predicting the performance of a micro-heat pipe, is obtained from the analytical model. The results predicted by the model compared with the published results in literature and good agreement has been obtained. The general and analytical nature of the simple model will have its applicability in the design of micro-heat pipes.
Couples' communication behaviors as predictors of dropout and treatment response in wife abuse treatment programs

Sixty couples entering a treatment program for husband-to-wife physical aggression were videotaped during a marital conflict task. Positive treatment response was significantly predicted by low levels of husbands' reciprocity of wives' hostility, accounting for approximately one-quarter of the variance. Poor treatment response, but increased treatment completion, was significantly predicted by (a) high frequency of husbands' distress-maintaining attributions and (b) low likelihood of husbands' hostility following wives' self-disclosures. Husbands' communication variables correctly predicted completion in about three-fourths of cases. Communication variables predicted dropout and treatment response over and above the effects of marital adjustment and husbands' psychological abuse. Wives' communication behaviors predicted dropout but not husbands' continued aggression. These results imply that preexisting marital processes may give important clues as to who will be responsive to treatment for partner abuse.
Fetal methylazoxymethanol acetate-induced lesions cause reductions in dopamine receptor-mediated catalepsy and stereotypy

Telencephalic hypoplasia induced by methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) resulted in increased activity of tyrosine hydroxylase in the striatum, indicative of a relative increase in the density of dopaminergic terminals in the remaining tissue. Administration of the dopamine receptor stimulant, apomorphine, or the receptor blocker, haloperidol, produced less stereotypy and catalepsy, respectively, in rats lesioned with methylazoxymethanol, compared to controls. These behavioral changes probably resulted from the loss of striatal perikarya and consequent decrease in nigrostriatal dopaminergic target sites caused by methylazoxymethanol.
New county records for the Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) in Central Texas, with comments on human-mediated dispersal

The Mediterranean house gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) is native to countries surrounding the Mediterranean and extends east to India and Somalia (Conant and Collins, 1998). However, H. turcicus has spread to several New World countries including Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Panama, and the United States. The first verified report of H. turcicus in the United States is known from Key West, Florida in 1915, with other notable introductions documented in Arizona, California, Louisiana, Alabama, Texas, and other areas of Florida (Lever, 2003). Spread of this species has since been documented in many additional states (Livo et al., 1998; Hare, 2006; Kleopfer et al., 2006; Reed et al., 2006; NatureServe, 2008; Platt et al., 2008). Human-mediated dispersal is thought to be the major cause of this species’ dramatic range expansion (Lever, 2003), and Locey and Stone (2006) suggested that dispersal ability is limited and jump dispersal events are the major mode of expansion. Climate is thought to be a major factor preventing the northward spread of this species (Meshaka et al., 2006). However, cold climates are circumvented through exploitation of heated buildings, demonstrated by gecko presence in Colorado, South Dakota, and Maryland (Livo et al., 1998; NatureServe, 2008; Platt et al., 2008). Hemidactylus turcicus has been recorded throughout much of East and South Texas, but notable gaps exist in its distribution, such as the apparent absence from the panhandle with the exception of Lubbock County (Dixon, 2000; Jadin and Coleman, 2007). Approximately 28 counties in Central Texas lack a record
Optical rotation of molecules in beams: the magic angle

Abstract Measurements of optical rotation of molecules in beams should now be possible with ultra-sensitive polarimeters, and would open the door to many interesting new experiments, including determination of the optical rotation of individual rotational states. The “magic angle” is used widely in magnetic resonance, and in this paper, we introduce it for the first time to optical rotation studies. We show that although the optical rotation is in general different for different rotational states, these differences disappear if the polarimeter's light beam is applied at the “magic angle” to the externally applied electric field used to separate the states.
Early detection of postoperative residual tumor using image subtraction

The detection after surgery of residual tumor from magnetic resonance (MR) images is difficult due to the low contrast level of the images. Gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging has been found valuable in detecting residual enhancing tumor when performed within 72 hours after surgery. The patient is scanned by the MR scanner with and without infusion of gadolinium, a contrast agent. Usually, the estimation of post-operative tumor volume is done by visual comparison of the T1 MR images obtained with and without gadolinium infusion. The T1 MR images, in most cases, without contrast demonstrates areas of hyper intensities (high brightness levels), consistent with hemorrhage. These hyper intense areas often make it difficult to detect residual tumor in post contrast images. This is due to the presence of both acute hemorrhage and gadolinium enhancement which have high brightness levels in T1 MR images. Even in MR images taken within 72 hours after surgery, detection of tumor enhancement in areas of increased T1 signal produced by blood products or by postoperative changes can be difficult when performed by the naked eye. Due to these problems, the quantification of residual tumor becomes a subjective issue among neuro-radiologists. Thus to reduce errors produced by the human factor, an automated procedure to detect residual tumor is required. We have developed a technique to differentiate tumor enhancement from postoperative changes and blood products on MR imaging. The technique involves fusion of pre- and post-gadolinium MR images performed in the immediate postoperative period. Computerized slice based substraction is then done on the corresponding fused images of the two sets. The subtraction process results in a composite slice, which is examined for differences between pre- and post-gadolinium studies. The presented technique was tested on 14 cases in which MR images were obtained from brain tumor patients within 72 hours after surgery. The subtraction technique easily distinguished residual enhancing tumor from postoperative surgical changes and was simple to perform. The technique proposed and developed has given good results and will be used in clinical trial and diagnosis. Future potentials of the technique are discussed and illustrative cases presented.
Electrochemical sensing based on redox mediation at carbon nanotubes.

An electrochemical sensing platform was developed based on the integration of redox mediators and carbon nanotubes (CNT) in a polymeric matrix. To demonstrate the concept, a redox mediator Azure dye (AZU) was covalently attached to polysaccharide chains of chitosan (CHIT) and interspersed with CNT to form composite films for the amperometric determination of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). The incorporation of CNT into CHIT-AZU matrix facilitated the AZU-mediated electrooxidation of NADH. In particular, CNT decreased the overpotential for the mediated process by an extra 0.30 V and amplified the NADH current by ∼35 times (at −0.10 V) while reducing the response time from ∼70 s for CHIT-AZU to ∼5 s for CHIT-AZU/CNT films. These effects were discussed in terms of the AZU/CNT synergy, which improved charge propagation through the CHIT-AZU/CNT matrix. The concept of CNT-facilitated redox mediation in polymeric matrixes has a potential to be of general interest for expediting redox processes in ele...
Strategic Options for International Participation in Space Exploration: Lessons from U.S.-Japan Defense Cooperation

The President's Commission on Implementation of United States Space Exploration Policy suggests that after NASA establishes the Space Exploration vision architecture, it should pursue international partnerships. Two possible approaches were suggested: multiple independently operated missions and an integrated mission with carefully selected international components. The U.S.-Japan defense sectors have learned key lessons from experience with both of these approaches. U.S.-Japan defense cooperation has evolved over forty years from simple military assistance programs to more complex joint development efforts. With the evolution of the political-military alliance and the complexity of defense programs, these cooperative efforts have engaged increasingly industrial resources and capabilities as well as more sophisticated forms of planning, technology transfers and program management. Some periods of this evolution have been marked by significant frictions. The U.S.Japan FS-X program, for example, provides a poor example for management of international cooperation. In November 1988, the United States and Japan signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) to co-develop an aircraft, named FS-X and later renamed F -2, as a replacement to the aging Japan support fighter F-l. The program was marked by numerous political disputes. After over a decade of joint development and testing, F -2 production deliveries finally began in 1999. The production run was curtailed due to much higher than anticipated costs and less than desired aircraft performance. One universally agreed "lesson" from the FSX/F-2 case was that it did not represent the ideal approach to bilateral cooperation. More recent cooperative programs have involved targeted joint research and development, including component development for ballistic missile defense systems. These programs could lay the basis for more ambitious cooperative efforts. This study examines both less-than-stellar international cooperation efforts as well as more successful initiatives to identify lessons from military programs that can help NASA encourage global investment in its Space Exploration Vision. The paper establishes a basis for examining related policy and industrial concerns such as effective utilization of dual-use technologies and trans-Pacific program management of large, complex cooperative programs.
Orientation Effects in Amnesics' Recognition Memory: Familiarity-Based Access to Object Attributes

This study examined whether amnesic patients retain information about the individuating features of objects. To this end, we examined the effects of study-test orientation changes on object recognition and object naming, and we assessed memory for orientation directly. Like control subjects, amnesic patients were adversely affected by a change in orientation in recognition memory, but not in object naming. This sensitivity to orientation in recognition memory occurred despite the fact that amnesic patients had poor recollection of the studied orientation. Because orientation effects in amnesia were mediated neither by priming nor by recollection, we hypothesize that they are mediated by familiarity-based processes that are sensitive to an object's specific presentation.
Exotic analytic structures and Eisenman intrinsic measures

Using Eisenman intrinsic measures we prove a cancellation theorem. This theorem allows to find new examples of exotic analytic structures onCn under which we understand smooth complex affine algebraic varietiers which are diffeomorphic toR2n but not biholomorphic toCn. We also develop a new method of constructing these structures which enables us to produce exotic analytic structures onC3 with a given number of hypersurfaces isomorphic toC2 and a family of these structures with a given number of moduli.
Uranium in geologic fluids: Estimates of standard partial molal properties, oxidation potentials, and hydrolysis constants at high temperatures and pressures

Abstract Theoretical methods are used with the available experimental data to provide estimates of parameters for the revised-HKF equations of state for aqueous uranium species. These parameters are used with standard state thermodynamic data at 25°C and 1 bar to calculate equilibrium constants for redox reactions among the four most common oxidation states of uranium (U(III), U(IV), U(V), and U(VI)), and their hydrolysis reactions at temperatures to 1000°C and pressures to 5 kb. A total of nineteen aqueous uranium species are included. The predicted equilibrium constants are used to construct oxidation potential-pH diagrams at elevated temperatures and pressures and to calculate the solubilities of uraninite as functions of temperature and pH, which are compared to experimental data. Oxidation potential-pH diagrams illustrate the relative stabilities of aqueous uranium species and indicate that U (IV) and U(VI) species predominate in aqueous solution in the U-O-H system. Increasing temperature stabilizes U (VI) and U (III) species relative to U (IV) species, but U (IV) species dominate at oxidation states consistent with mineral-buffer assemblages and near-neutral pH. At low pH, U(VI) is stabilized relative to U (IV) suggesting that uranium transport in hydrothermal systems requires either acidic solutions or potent complexes of U(IV).
Productivity Aspects of Urban Freeway Rehabilitation With Accelerated Construction

Over the last 5 years the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) has completed three experimental long-life urban freeway rehabilitation projects by utilizing a fast-track (accelerated) construction approach of around-the-clock operations under extended closure. This paper presents the fast-track rehabilitation approaches and the as-built production rates of major rehabilitation operations monitored at the three experimental projects. The monitoring results show that the contractor’s production rates varied considerably depending upon the construction logistics, material delivery and hauling methods, lane-closure tactics, and/or pavement designs being implemented. A higher production rate and a noticeable “learning-curve effect” were observed when full-width rehabilitation was compared with partial-width rehabilitation, when continuous lane reconstruction was compared with random slab replacements, and when full roadbed closures were compared with partial lane closures. Findings in this study ...
The representative sample size in shale oil rocks and nano-scale characterization of transport properties

Abstract The experimental determination of petrophysical properties for shale rocks is dependent on measurement techniques and often produces inconsistent results. Alternatively, high-resolution three-dimensional imaging techniques coupled with image analysis and direct numerical simulations have been employed to estimate these parameters in shale samples. Nevertheless, the application of these results at the core and reservoir scales are uncertain due to the limited size of imaged samples. Here, Focused Ion Beam milling and Scanning Electron Microscope tomography is employed to study transport properties for the three upper layers of the Bakken formation. The representative size of each shale sample is characterized. Pore types, their connectivities, and pore size distributions are studied using high-resolution micrographs and their implications to mass transport at the macro scale are discussed. Porosity and permeability of the samples are also calculated from three-dimensional images, and the results are compared to experimentally-measured values at the core scale. It is shown that the representative size of shale samples is dependent on the scale of analysis and could range from tens to hundreds of microns. We found that the upper Bakken layer is rich in clay and organic materials, the dominant pore type is pores associated with organic matter, and no connected porosity was observed in the preserved core samples. In contrast, the middle Bakken layers (upper and lower layers) have about 1% connected porosity mainly as intraplatelet pores within clay aggregates and interparticle pores, resulting in permeabilities between 4 and 30 μ D. Moreover, comparison of pore types and modeled flow pathways suggests the presence of water-wet connected pores in the middle Bakken rocks, whereas mainly oil-wet pores are present in the upper Bakken shale.
Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus-Induced Tumors Show Altered Levels of Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic Proteins

Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) is a replication-competent, simple retrovirus that induces T-cell lymphomas when inoculated into neonatal mice. The tumor cells are typically derived from immature T cells. During preleukemic times, a marked decrease in thymic size is apparent in M-MuLV-inoculated mice. We previously demonstrated that this thymic regression is correlated with enhanced levels of thymocyte apoptosis (C. Bonzon and H. Fan, J. Virol. 73:2434-2441, 1999). In this study, we investigated the apoptotic state of M-MuLV-induced tumors. M-MuLV-induced tumors were screened for expression of the apoptotic proteins Fas and Bcl-2 by three-color flow cytometric analysis. Single-positive (SP; CD4(+) CD8(-) and CD4(-) CD8(+)) tumor cells generally displayed lower cell surface expression of Fas than SP thymocytes from uninoculated control mice. Double-positive (DP; CD4(+) CD8(+)) M-MuLV-induced tumor cells fell into two categories: those with normal high levels of Fas and those with low levels of Fas. Additionally, the vast majority of DP tumors showed elevated Bcl-2 levels. The DP tumor cells retaining normal/high Fas expression were capable of transducing an apoptotic signal upon anti-Fas engagement. In addition, DP and CD4(+) SP tumor populations displayed higher levels of Fas ligand than normal thymocytes with the same phenotypes. In contrast, CD8(+) SP and CD4(-) CD8(-) tumors did not show elevated Fas ligand expression. There was no significant correlation between Fas and Fas ligand expression in the DP tumors, suggesting that Fas Ligand expression was not the driving force behind Fas down-regulation. These results suggest that both the Fas death receptor and mitochondrial pathways of apoptotic death are active in M-MuLV-induced tumors and that they must be modulated to permit cell survival and tumor outgrowth.
Dcr-1 Maintains Drosophila Ovarian Stem Cells

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by controlling the turnover, translation, or both of specific mRNAs. In Drosophila, Dicer-1 (Dcr-1) is essential for generating mature miRNAs from their corresponding precursors. Because miRNAs are known to modulate developmental events, such as cell fate determination and maintenance in many species, we investigated whether a lack of Dcr-1 would affect the maintenance of stem cells (germline stem cells, GSCs; somatic stem cells, SSCs) in the Drosophila ovary by specifically removing its function from the stem cells. Our results show that dcr-1 mutant GSCs cannot be maintained and are lost rapidly from the niche without discernable features of cell death, indicating that Dcr-1 controls GSC self-renewal but not survival. bag of marbles (bam), the gene that encodes an important differentiating factor in the Drosophila germline, however, is not upregulated in dcr-1 mutant GSCs, and its removal does not slow down dcr-1 mutant GSC loss, suggesting that Dcr-1 controls GSC self-renewal by repressing a Bam-independent differentiation pathway. Furthermore, Dcr-1 is also essential for the maintenance of SSCs in the Drosophila ovary. Our data suggest that miRNAs produced by Dcr-1 are required for maintaining two types of stem cells in the Drosophila ovary.
Gemeinsam Therapien festlegen

Adharenz — In den letzten Jahrzehnten hat sich in der psychiatrischen Behandlung viel geandert. Die Kliniken wandelten sich von Verwahranstalten in moderne Behandlungszentren. Doch die beste Therapie bewirkt nichts, wenn sie nicht konsequent umgesetzt wird. Wir zeigen Wege zu mehr Therapietreue, die nicht nur in der Psychiatrie funktionieren.
The Effect of Conceptual Advancement in Jazz Music Selections and Jazz Experience on Musicians' Aesthetic Response

This study is an investigation of what musicians consider to be their aesthetic experience with jazz music selections that vary in level of conceptual advancement (melodic complexity during improvi...
The validation of measurement through interlaboratory studies

Abstract Mandel, J., 1991. The validation of measurement through interlaboratory studies. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems , 11: 109–119 The problem of interlaboratory tests has been investigated with regard to its principal aspects: planning of experiments, analysis of numerical data, treatment of questionable data, and possible models. The discussion is illustrated by means of a real numerical example, comprising 18 laboratories, 5 materials, and duplicate measurements in each of the 90 cells.
Distributed detection methods for displacement estimation

In this paper, a distributed detection approach for displacement estimation in image sequences is presented. This method is derived from a Bayesian framework and reduces to a M-ary Hypothesis test among a representative set of possible displacement vectors. It is shown that the mean-squared error based block-matching (BM) algorithm is a special case of this general approach. In our approach, at each point of the current frame a set of overlapping localized detectors outputs a number of estimates for the displacement vector. Then, a distributed detection network is adopted for the fusion of the these estimates. Since the computational load is high, suboptimal but computationally efficient solutions are proposed. The above method gives a more accurate estimation of the displacement field and it is shown to be more robust in the presence of occlusion and noise, compared to the BM algorithm. Experimental results on video-conference image sequences are presented.
Stochastic-based adaptive control vibration control for MACE II

The Middeck Active Control Experiment (MACE) is being reflown as MACE II. Its purpose is to gain on-orbit experience with a variety of adaptive controllers. The University of Michigan contribution to the effort is Fixed-Structu re AdaptiveImprovement (FSAI) control. FSAI is a framework for online control optimization which is designed to augment a baseline, low-gain robust controller so as to improve its performance: FSAI is adaptive control aimed at stable plants. To obtain Bounded-Input BoundedState (BIBS) stability, FSAI proceeds by generating controllers via an optimization algorithm, selectively implementing them using an optional, online Nyquist check, evaluating the performance online, opening the loop if at any time the performance exceeds the open loop (plant-hbaseline) performance, and then allowing the stable plant to settle so as to return the plant state to the same neighborhood of the origin (thus ensuring switched system stability). Implemented on the MACE II hardware on the ground, in 6 separate runs FSAI control generated over 32,000 controllers in 3.4 hours with average improvements of the baseline designs of 37% and without the output saturating. A straightforward, automatic, online frequency-domain identification algorithm was also developed as part of the online Nyquist check.
Two Birds with One Stone— Dealing with Nuclear Transport and Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly and nuclear transport both utilize the same simple device: Ran-GTP-sensitive interaction of importin β and its cargo proteins. In this issue of Cell, Blower et al. (2005) report that one of these cargos required for spindle assembly turns out to be Rae1, previously known as an mRNA export protein. This study reveals the importance of RNAs in spindle structure.
Effects of particle concentration and season on the filtration rates of the freshwater clam, Sphaerium striatinum Lamarck (Bivalvia: Pisidiidae)

The effects of particle concentration and season on the filtration rates of the freshwater clamSphaerium striatinum Lamarck were assessed by measuring clearance rates of small (2.02 µm) latex beads from dilute suspensions. Filtration rates decreased as particle concentration increased over a range of 2–64 mg 1−1, with rates decreasing in similar proportion for clams of all sizes. For a 1-mg clam, rates decreased from approximately 8.4 to 0.57 ml clam−1 h−1. Seasonal filtration rates for adult clams peaked during periods of greatest reproduction. The patterns for smaller clams are similar, though proportional changes in filtration rates differ for various sizes of clams.
An analysis of children’s leisure activity engagement: examining the day of week, location, physical activity level, and fixity dimensions

This paper presents a detailed analysis of discretionary leisure activity engagement by children. Children’s leisure activity engagement is of much interest to transportation professionals from an activity-based travel demand modeling perspective, to child development professionals from a sociological perspective, and to health professionals from an active lifestyle perspective that can help prevent obesity and other medical ailments from an early age. Using data from the 2002 Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, this paper presents a detailed analysis of children’s discretionary activity engagement by day of week (weekend versus weekday), location (in-home versus out-of-home), type of activity (physically active versus passive), and nature of activity (structured versus unstructured). A mixed multiple discrete-continuous extreme value model formulation is adopted to account for the fact that children may participate in multiple activities and allocate positive time duration to each of the activities chosen. It is found that children participate at the highest rate and for the longest duration in passive unstructured leisure activities inside the home. Children in households with parents who are employed, higher income, or higher education were found to participate in structured outdoor activities at higher rates. The child activity modeling framework and methodology presented in this paper lends itself for incorporation into larger activity-based travel model systems where it is imperative that children’s activity-travel patterns be explicitly modeled—both from a child health and well-being policy perspective and from a travel forecasting perspective.
Influence of polyacrylic acid on the protective properties of the KORSOL inhibitor

Polyacrylic acid (PAA) is a dispersant of hardness salts. Its anticorrosion properties are better than the anticorrosion properties of the dispersants produced by the Nalko Firm. In the KORSOL composition, it does not reveal the synergetic action but does not deteriorate the protective properties of the inhibitor.
Book Review: Rhinoplasty, Craft and Magic

Mark Constantian, Editor. Rhinoplasty, Craft and Magic. St. Louis, MO: Quality Medical Publishing, 2009. ISBN-10: 1576262472 ISBN-13: 978-1576262474 ![][1] This two-volume, elegantly written book, with 1454 pages, 6,000 illustrations and 4 videos is the product of over 30 years of experience with endonasal rhinoplasty by Dr. Mark Constantian, one of the most respected rhinoplasty surgeons. The preface is written by Dr. Jack Sheen, a rhinoplasty master who is revered by all who have a passion for rhinoplasty. The book is also endorsed and embellished with thoughtful messages from another plastic surgery giant, Dr. Robert Goldwyn. The book begins with … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Effect of paraquat on lung calcium transport

The effect of paraquat on lung subcellular calcium transport was studied in male Sprague-Dawley rats. With a high dose of 30 mg/kg given i.p., a significant decrease in the lung mitochondrial and microsomal calcium uptake at 24, 48, and 72 h after paraquat was observed. Trend of recovery was evident at 96 h in the surviving rats. The lung water content and thymidine incorporation into the lung DNA increased significantly after 72 h and 48 h of paraquat administration, respectively. Groups of animals also received a lower dose of paraquat at 10 mg/kg i.p. and were sacrificed at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 days. Continuous decrease in the mitochondrial and the microsomal calcium uptake until 4 days followed by a trend of recovery were observed. Thymidine incorporation into the lung DNA increased significantly at all the time periods after day 3 but no significant increases were observed in the lung water content at this dose. The results indicate that paraquat significantly disrupts the lung intracellular calcium uptake even at the doses which do not show any significant increase in the lung water content.
ECONOMICS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL FOR LIVESTOCK

Probability techniques, when combined with climatological records and known responses of domestic animals to environment permit prediction of production losses during periods of adverse environment. These predictions plus the additional costs and returns associated with an environmental control system provide the necessary information to determine its profitability. The “present value” method is utilized to determine the profitability of a summer environmental control system, using production responses of dairy cows and climatological records for Columbia, Missouri, as a specific example. LE COUT ET LES AVANTAGES D'UN CONTROLE DES CONDITIONS DE MILIEU POUR LE BETAIL:Les rapports climatologiques combines avec les reactions connues des animaux de ferme a une certain milieu permettront la prediction des pertes dans la production, sous des conditions de milieu variees. Ces predictions en plus des renseignements sur le cout d'un controle des conditions de milieu fourniront l'information necessaire afin de determiner l'efficacite d'une telle methode. Cette dissertation evalue l'efficacite d'une methode de ce genre duranl l'ete, en employant comme exemple le rendement dans la production des vaches laitieres et les rapports climatologiques dans la region de Columbia, Missouri.
Body-image Pathology: Koro, the shrinking-penis syndrome in transcultural sexology

Abstract Nineteen years after he had first been known in the clinic as the father of a boy with hypopituitarism, a man requested an appointment for his own problem of penis shrinkage. In a state of confusional panic, he hoped that the same hormonal treatment that pubertalised his son would regenerate his penis in size and potency. He obtained what he termed emotional relief, for which he was profoundly grateful, even though the primary symptoms of premature somatic deteriorative disability did not improve. In this case the shrinking penis syndrome, otherwise known as koro, may be conceptualised as having not a primary etiological origin, but rather a derivative origin as a body-image pathology secondary to a primary disease, of which multiple sclerosis might be an example, that affects, if not wholly, then in part, the erotic functioning of the genitalia. With brief clinical intervention, the patient experienced what he defined as “a big emotional improvement”, despite the persistence of the various somat...
Orthogonal and parallel lattice plasmons in the SiO2/Au core-shell nanorod arrays

SiO2/Au core-shell nanorod arrays (NRAs) with high aspect ratio are reported, which support different lattice plasmon modes (LPMs). The diffraction induced dipolar coupling for these LPMs are studied here.
Postnatal effect of antidepressant drugs administered during gestation

In a previous study, iproniazid administered to rats during the second trimester of gestation resulted in 100 per cent neonatal mortality. This report compares the effects of iproniazid and isocarboxazid administered prenatally on neonatal mortality and susceptibility to audiogenic seizures. Gravid albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were randomly divided into a control and two drug groups. In every group, the treatment was administered intraperitoneally during one trimester of gestation on days 5 through 8, 11 through 14, or 17 through 20. The control group received 0.5 ml distilled water while the drug groups received either iproniazid (Marsilid, Hoffman-LaRoche) at 8.0, 4.0, or 2.0 mg/kg, or isocarboxazid (Marplan, Hoffman-LaRoche) at 4.0, 2.0, or 1.0 mg/kg. A total of 1047 offspring were born. Neonatal mortality was evaluated daily from birth through 30 days of age. At 45 and 47 days of age respectively, audiogenic seizure stimuli were administered under two conditions of threshold testing. Iproniazid was found to be significantly more toxic to neonatal survival than isocarboxazid or distilled water. Iproniazid's effect was uniform throughout all trimesters of gestation, while isocarboxazid was most toxic in the first trimester. Distilled water administered as a control was found to be extremely toxic in the third trimester. Findings were independent of level of dosage. Offspring of both drug groups gave significantly fewer seizure responses than control offspring. The prenatal administration of these antidepressant drugs had a profound effect on neonatal mortality and susceptibility to audiogenic seizures.
Prestack residual migration in the frequency domain

Prestack Stolt residual migration can be applied to seismic images that are depth migrated using wavefield extrapolation techniques. This method has significant advantages over other methods that estimate interval velocity functions for depth migration. It is more accurate than methods that are based on focusing the stack of migrated images by a residual NMO operation, so it provides a more accurate estimate of the correct migration velocities. Also, it is conceptually simpler and easier to implement than traveltime tomography methods. Although the theory is developed assuming constant velocity, the method can be used for depth-migrated images produced with smoothly varying velocity models, since the residually migrated images depend only on the ratio of the reference and updated velocities. This method closely resembles Stolt-stretch techniques, so it inherits the Stolt method’s speed and convenience. The main applications of this method are in migration velocity analysis (MVA), where it can be used to investigate the effects of gross velocity changes on the migrated image, and as a tool for residual image enhancement used by more sophisticated MVA methods, e.g., waveequation migration velocity analysis.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in maternal diabetes-induced cardiac malformations during critical cardiogenesis period.

BACKGROUND Cardiac abnormalities, including atrioventricular (AV) septal defects (AVSDs), are the most common birth defects in diabetic embryopathy. The AV septum is derived from the endocardial cushions, which undergo development and remodeling during septation. The impact of maternal diabetes on these processes needs to be identified. Maternal diabetes disturbs the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The role of ER stress in cardiac malformation remains to be delineated to gain information for developing therapy. METHODS Female mice were induced diabetic via intravenous injection of streptozotocin. Pregnant mice were made hyperglycemic at desired embryonic (E) days. AVSDs were examined histologically at E15.5. ER stress-associated factors were examined and quantified using immunohistochemical and immunoblot assays at E10.5. The role of ER stress in endocardial cell migration was investigated by treating endocardial cushion explants that were cultured in high glucose with an organic chaperone molecule, sodium 4-phenylbutyrate. RESULTS The rate of AVSDs in the embryos that were exposed to maternal hyperglycemia during the period of endocardial cushion development was significantly higher than that in those during endocardial cushion remodeling. ER stress was increased in the hearts. Amelioration of ER stress restored endocardial cell migration under hyperglycemic conditions. CONCLUSIONS The development, rather than remodeling, of the endocardial cushions is the cardiomorphogenic process that is susceptible to the insult of maternal hyperglycemia in the formation of AVSDs. Maternal diabetes increases ER stress in the developing heart. ER stress plays an essential role in mediating the effect of hyperglycemia on endocardial cell migration.
Terrestrial movements and habitat use of gopher frogs in longleaf pine forests: a comparative study of juveniles and adults

Many animals exhibit changes in patterns of movement and habitat use as they age, and understanding such ontogenetic shifts is important for ensuring that habitat management is appropriate for all life stages. We used radiotelemetry to study movements and habitat use of juvenile and adult gopher frogs (Rana capito) as they migrated from the same ponds following metamorphosis or breeding. To supplement radiotelemetry data, we also captured adult gopher frogs at drift fences as they left ponds for the terrestrial environment. We directly compared patterns of movement, directional orientation, macrohabitat use (forest type), and microhabitat use (refugia) between the two life stages. Both juveniles and adults moved considerable distances from breeding ponds (up to 691 m) and selected firemaintained longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) forest over fire-suppressed forest. However, fire-suppressed habitat appeared to be a greater barrier to juveniles than adults. Additionally, we found differences in microhabitat use; both juveniles and adults used underground refuges (e.g., burrows and stump holes) for shelter, but juveniles used such refuges less often than adults. Juveniles also took more time than adults to locate their first refuge after exiting ponds. These differences may reflect the juveniles’ lack of experience in terrestrial habitats. Unlike juveniles, adults are likely more familiar with the locations of specific habitat features (e.g., burrows and ponds) and may take the shortest routes when moving among them, even if it requires moving through fire-suppressed habitat. Previous research has recommended that terrestrial habitats surrounding breeding ponds should be managed with frequent prescribed fire (i.e., 1–3-year intervals) in order to maintain suitable terrestrial habitat for juvenile gopher frogs, and our study suggests that these management practices are also likely beneficial to adults.
How early to take arms against a sea of troubles? The case for aggressive early therapy in Crohn's disease to prevent fibrotic intestinal strictures

While potent anti-inflammatory medications have reduced the symptoms of Crohn's disease, more than 60% of patients eventually require surgery due to the development of fibrosis. Even after the introduction of biologic drugs, the population-based rate of surgery for Crohn's disease has not decreased. We suspect this is due to late initiation of these therapies, after the fibrosis cascade is unstoppable. We review the evidence that suggests early aggressive therapy is beneficial, especially in patients diagnosed before age 40, and with ileal or perianal disease. Patients with symptomatic strictures may benefit from early surgery (before penetrating complications) followed by initiation of biologics. With increased early use of biologics and better control of inflammation, we hope to see a global reduction in intestinal fibrosis and related complications of Crohn's disease.
Post-transcriptional regulation of proinflammatory proteins

Post-transcriptional mechanisms play a critical role in regulating the expression of numerous proteins that promote inflammatory arthritis. The mRNAs encoding a subset of these proteins possess adenine/uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated regions that profoundly influence the rate at which mRNA is degraded and translated into protein. Tristetraprolin (TTP) and T cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) are ARE-binding proteins that dampen the expression of this class of proteins by promoting mRNA degradation and protein translation, respectively. We have discovered that TIA-1 and TTP function as arthritis-suppressor genes: TIA-1-/- mice develop mild arthritis, TTP-/- mice develop severe arthritis, and TIA-1-/-TTP-/- mice develop very severe arthritis. Paradoxically, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages derived from TIA-1-/-TTP-/- macrophages produce less tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) than TIA-1-/- or TTP-/- macrophages. The bone marrows of these mice exhibit increased cellularity, reflecting the presence of mature neutrophils that secrete TNF-alpha in response to LPS stimulation. We hypothesize that TIA-1-/-TTP-/- neutrophils are a source of arthritigenic TNF-alpha, which promotes severe erosive arthritis in these mice.
Innovative pedagogies in engineering education – preliminary findings from the teaching practices of American and Canadian educators

This research is focused on the experiences of Canadian and American engineering educators and their implementations of innovative pedagogies such as problem-based learning (and its variations) into their teaching practices. Educators identified several aspects related to PBL use in their context, including the key PBL components they use and the tensions that they encounter at the classroom and system level when implementing such learner-centered pedagogies. Engineering education has been undergoing reform efforts for several years. Not only have PBL approaches been deemed by research literature to be an optimal approach to develop graduate competencies and attributes, but many reform efforts utilize explicitly or implicitly key components of PBL. Implications and future research opportunities are presented.
Re-analysis of Deep Excavation Collapse Using a Generalized Effective Stress Soil Model

This paper re-analyzes the well-documented failure of a 30m deep braced excavation in underconsolidated marine clay using an advanced effective stress soil model (MIT-E3). The collapse of the Nicoll Highway during construction of cut-and cover tunnels for the new Circle Line in Singapore has been extensively investigated and documented. All prior analyses of the collapse have relied on simplified soil models with undrained strength parameters based on empirical correlations and piezocone penetration data. The current analysis use results from high quality consolidation and undrained triaxial shear tests that were only available after completion of the public inquiry. The current analyses achieve very reasonable estimates of measured wall deflections and strut loads using model parameters derived directly from the laboratory tests. The analyses confirm prior interpretations of the failure mechanism but provide a more rational basis for the modeling of soilstructure interaction.