cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Urinary Excretion of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine During Fasting in Late Pregnancy in the Rat

Twenty-four hr urinary excretions of catecholamines did not differ in pregnant, post partum and age-matched virgin rats when they were given unrestricted access to food. Significant differences became manifest when food was withheld: Fasting from day 19–21 of gestation elicited significant increases in urinary epinephrine on each of the 2 days and increased urinary norepinephrine on the second. Contrariwise, urinary catecholamines were not increased when the same animals were fasted again on day 10–12 post partum or when agematched virgin rats were subjected to comparable dietary deprivation. It has been suggested that the differences during fasting between gravid and nongravid rats may be ascribed to the greater homeostatic challenge that is posed by starvation in late pregnancy, and by the hypoglycemia that may occur under these circumstances. The potential contributions of enhanced sympathoadrenal activity to the metabolic response to starvation during gestation have been discussed. (Endocrinology 84: ...
The Concentration and Stability of Gun Violence at Micro Places in Boston, 1980–2008

Boston, like many other major U.S. cities, experienced an epidemic of gun violence during the late 1980s and early 1990s that was followed by a sudden large downturn in gun violence in the mid 1990s. The gun violence drop continued until the early part of the new millennium. Recent advances in criminological research suggest that there is significant clustering of crime in micro places, or “hot spots,” that generate a disproportionate amount of criminal events in a city. In this paper, we use growth curve regression models to uncover distinctive developmental trends in gun assault incidents at street segments and intersections in Boston over a 29-year period. We find that Boston gun violence is intensely concentrated at a small number of street segments and intersections rather than spread evenly across the urban landscape between 1980 and 2008. Gun violence trends at these high-activity micro places follow two general trajectories: stable concentrations of gun assaults incidents over time and volatile concentrations of gun assault incidents over time. Micro places with volatile trajectories represent less than 3% of street segments and intersections, generate more than half of all gun violence incidents, and seem to be the primary drivers of overall gun violence trends in Boston. Our findings suggest that the urban gun violence epidemic, and sudden downturn in urban gun violence in the late 1990s, may be best understood by examining highly volatile micro-level trends at a relatively small number of places in urban environments.
The mechanics of multiple transverse cracking in composite laminates

Abstract Fracture mechanisms of multiple transverse cracking in composite laminates are examined by using a finite element method employing special singular elements. Since these special elements contain the exact stress singularity, the stress intensity factors and energy release rates at the crack tip can be determined conveniently with a high degree of accuracy and a fast rate of convergence. In this paper, the critical conditions for the behavior of multiple transverse cracking are studied analytically on the basis of fracture mechanics theory. The numerical predictions are compared with experimental results for [0/90] s , laminates of various thicknesses. Very close agreement is obtained.
Preparation and analysis of l-[35S]methionine labeled transfer ribonucleic acids from rabbit liver

Abstract The two methionine-specific tRNA species found in rabbit liver cytoplasm can be individually labeled with radioactive methionine under the proper conditions. Crude rabbit liver tRNA aminoacylated with radio-active methionine using the homologous rabbit methionyl-tRNA synthetase, and then deacylated using the Escherichia coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase, yields specifically labeled Met-tRNAm Met . This is the species of methionine-specific tRNA which transfers its methionine residue into internal positions in growing polypeptide chains. Transfer RNAf Met can be specifically aminoacylated using the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase in the absence of a formyl donor to yield Met-tRNAf Met , the initiator tRNA in eukaryotes. In the presence of Leucovorin, a formyl group donor, the use of the E. coli methionyl-tRNA synthetase and the E. coli transformylase yields N-formyl-Met-tRNAf Met . This last tRNA species is not found naturally in the cytoplasm of eukaryotes, but it often can serve as a useful substrate in in vitro studies on the initiation of protein synthesis in eukaryotes. These labeling methods appear to be of general use for the methionine-specific tRNAs found in most eukaryotes.
The development and evaluation of physical science curriculum materials designed to improve student attitudes

Physical science curriculum materials designed to improve the attitudes of below-average students were developed from guidelines which reflected the strengths and weaknesses of these students. The materials were administered to ninth and tenth grade students in three average-low ability physical science classes. Students in these classes had I.Q. scores of less than 100, reading achievement below grade placement, and eighth grade science averages of C or below. A control group of three physical science classes was employed. A form of the Semantic Differential was administered as a pretest and posttest. The student who received the materials demonstrated significant improvement in attitudes toward science class and science laboratory.
Medical Student Performance A Comparison of House Officer and Attending Staff as Evaluators

Studies of the evaluation of medical students' clinical performance frequently do not differentiate between ratings by house officer and attending staff evaluators. This practice is not appropriate, since research investigations have shown that house officers rate medical students' clinical performance higher and have higher interrater agreement than do attending staff This investigation studies one aspect of the validity of medical students' clinical performance ratings and demonstrates that there are higher correlations between house officer ratings of student knowledge and student cognitive ability scores than there are between attending staff evaluations and student ability scores.
All-epiphyseal, all-inside anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction technique for skeletally immature patients.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are an increasingly recognized problem in the juvenile population. Unfortunately, outcomes with conservative treatment are extremely poor. Adult reconstruction techniques are inappropriate to treat skeletally immature patients because of the risk of physeal complications, including limb-length discrepancy and angular deformities. “Physeal-sparing” reconstruction techniques exist, but their ability to restore knee stability is not well understood. We describe an all-epiphyseal ACL reconstruction for use in skeletally immature patients. This is an all-inside technique with the femoral tunnel drilled retrograde and the tibial tunnel drilled retrograde; both tunnels are entirely within the epiphysis. Fixation of the hamstring autograft is achieved with soft-tissue buttons on both the femur and tibia. We present case examples for 2 patients who underwent the all-inside, all-epiphyseal reconstruction and our postoperative rehabilitation protocol. We present a novel surgical technique for an all-inside, all-epiphyseal ACL reconstruction in skeletally immature patients.
Spaces Without Faces

In this paper, we present an entry for the 2011 MobileHCI design competition. Our aim is to define the "essence" of mobile communication and connectivity, and illustrate it via a design example called Spaces Without Faces, an application to locate quiet study spaces on a university campus. We argue that the essence of mobile communication and connectivity, no matter the form factor of the phone, comes not from the ability to make text and voice calls, but rather to use the phone as a device for obtaining information about resources in nearby physical environments.
Assessing the Database Needs of Vascular Surgeons

Background Vascular surgery is an ideal specialty for developing a shared database, because outcomes measures are precise, national standards have been established, and vascular surgeons have traditionally collected data. Study Design A questionnaire of database experience and needs was developed, reviewed by a Western Vascular Society advisory committee, and sent to Western Vascular Society and Rocky Mountain Vascular Surgical Society members. Additionally, we obtained software from existing commercial vascular databases. Results We had a 57% response from 196 surveys: 36% of vascular surgeons have functional vascular databases, which have been used from 1 to 26 years and contain 71 to 15,000 patients. Databases are used for research, quality control, and billing. Time (38%), expense (19%), and expertise (8%) preclude database use. Of physicians without a database, 17% had used 1 previously, and 89% would like 1. Sixty percent of physicians are unwilling to spend more than 5 minutes on data entry, unless forced to do so for reimbursement or to maintain hospital privileges. Seventy-three percent believe it is more important to control data-entry time than number of variables; 98% are willing to share Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant data; 82% have interest in a handheld data-entry system. Thirty-nine percent are willing to spend $1,000 for the initial database, and 88% are willing to spend $500 per year on maintenance. Conclusions Vascular surgeons have interest and experience with databases, although some have discontinued use. If databases have short entry times, limited costs, permit portable data entry, and allow data sharing, most vascular surgeons are enthusiastic about collecting clinical outcomes data.
Arabinosyl-5-azacytosine: plasma kinetics and therapeutic response (L1210) in vitro and in vivo in mice.

Arabinosyl-5-azacytosine (Ara-AC) was studied in vitro and in vivo in kinetic and therapeutic experiments. This compound is degraded fairly rapidly in mouse plasma in vitro at 37°C (t 1/2 = 130 min) and even more rapidly in vivo (terminal t 1/2 = 76 mins, with a three phase plasma clearance curve, single dose iv 200 mg/kg). In vitro clonogenic assays with L1210 exposed to Ara-AC indicated that cytotoxic concentrations of 1 to 10 μg/ml were optimal at exposure times of 72 hours or longer (3 to 4 logs of L1210 cell kill). Extrapolating this information to in vivo infusion therapeutic studies in mice illustrated that optimal therapy (estimated 8 logs of L1210 cell kill) was also achieved at plasma concentrations of between 1 to 10 μg/ml for 72 hours of infusion. Infusions of 96 hours resulted in some lethal toxicity and 144 hour infusions were 100% lethal.
Edge states in gravity and black hole physics

Abstract We show in the context of canonical gravity that the removal of a spatial region leads to the appearance of an infinite set of observables and their associated edge states localized at its boundary. Such a boundary occurs in certain approaches to the physics of black holes like the one based on the membrane paradigm. The edge states can contribute to the black hole entropy in these models. A “complementary principle” is also shwon to emerge whereby certain “edge” observables are accessible only to certain observers. The physical significance of edge observables and their states are discussed using their similarities to the corresponding quantities in the quantum Hall effect. The coupling of the edge to the bulk states of the gravitational field is demonstrated in the context of (2+1)-dimensional gravity.
Selective anterograde tracing of the individual serotonergic and nonserotonergic components of the dorsal raphe nucleus projection to the vestibular nuclei.

Abstract It is well known that the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) sends serotonergic and nonserotonergic projections to target regions in the brain stem and forebrain, including the vestibular nuclei. Although retrograde tracing studies have reported consistently that there are differences in the relative innervation of different target regions by serotonergic and nonserotonergic DRN neurons, the relative termination patterns of these two projections have not been compared using anterograde tracing methods. The object of the present investigation was to trace anterogradely the individual serotonergic and nonserotonergic components of the projection from DRN to the vestibular nuclei in rats. To trace nonserotonergic DRN projections, animals were pretreated with the serotonergic neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (5,7-DHT), and then, after 7 days, the anterograde tracer biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) was iontophoretically injected into the DRN. In animals treated with 5,7-DHT, nonserotonergic BDA-labeled fibers were found to descend exclusively within the ventricular plexus and to terminate predominantly within the periventricular aspect of the vestibular nuclei. Serotonergic DRN projections were traced by injecting 5,7-DHT directly into DRN, and amino–cupric–silver staining was used to visualize the resulting pattern of terminal degeneration. Eighteen hours after microinjection of 5,7-DHT into the DRN, fine-caliber degenerating serotonergic terminals were found within the region of the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN) that borders the fourth ventricle, and a mixture of fine- and heavier-caliber degenerating serotonergic terminals was located further laterally within the vestibular nuclear complex. These findings indicate that fine-caliber projections from serotonergic and nonserotonergic DRN neurons primarily innervate the periventricular regions of MVN, whereas heavier-caliber projections from serotonergic DRN neurons innervate terminal fields located in more lateral regions of the vestibular nuclei. Thus, serotonergic and nonserotonergic DRN axons target distinct but partially overlapping terminal fields within the vestibular nuclear complex, raising the possibility that these two DRN projection systems are organized in a manner that permits regionally-specialized regulation of processing within the vestibular nuclei.
Metal/insulator composite selective absorbers

Abstract The optical properties of metal/insulator composite films have been examined, and their utilization as solar selective absorbers studied both theoretically and experimentally. Calculations have been made on the solar selective performance of graded composite films, demonstrating the performance and limitations to be expected for the general class of composite film absorbers. Design guidelines for the fabrication of optimum selective absorbers have been developed and subsequently implemented in the construction of selective absorbers using two promising composite materials, Ni/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3. Measurements of reflectance, solar absorptivity α, thermal emissivity e and high temperature durability have been made. The results show values of α⩾0.94 for both Ni and Pt composite films. Values of α/e 1 3 at 150°C were obtained for both composite materials when deposited on Cu substrates. A selectively absorbing film has been produced which shows no change in performance parameters after extended heating at 600°C in air.
A many-core platform implemented for multi-channel seizure detection

This paper presents a reconfigurable many-core platform performing fixed point DSP applications supporting up to 64 cores routed in a hierarchical network. To demonstrate an application, electroencephalogram (EEG) seizure detection and analysis is mapped onto the cores. The individual cores are based on a 5 stage RISC pipeline architecture optimized to support communication to other cores on the platform. To reconfigure the platform, programs are loaded onto each of the cores. Communication between cores is implemented using low-area routers that partitions computational cores into hierarchical clusters resulting in a low network diameter. The routers use a packet-switched protocol that minimizes circuitry which further reduces circuit size in comparison to the computational circuitry. A globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) architecture is implemented to eliminate global clock routing which consumes high levels of power due to long propagation and thus high capacitive loading from many cores. Additionally, cores not configured for an application has its local clock disabled which turns off unused cores. The overall result is a platform with lower power consumption than a traditional single core DSP with the reconfigurability lacking in an ASIC. Applications tested within the mapping include the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter. The seizure detection and analysis algorithm, when mapped onto the many-core platform, takes 5663 cycles to execute in 14.45 µs. The prototype SoC is implemented in 65 nm CMOS which contains 64 cores and occupies 8.41 mm2.
Mechanism of binding of iron to potential therapeutic chelating agents

To aid in designing new therapeutic iron chelating agents, the mechanism of iron binding to prototypic heterocyclic carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazones has been studied. Based on molecular orbital and spectroscopic studies, iron (II) is found to bind in a covalent manner, while iron(III) seems to interact ionically. However, with both iron(II) and iron(III), chelate formation is dependent on charge interaction between the metal and the coordinating atoms of the ligand.
Diffraction Signals of Aligned Molecules in the Gas Phase: Tetrazine in Intense Laser Fields

We performed a theoretical study of the electron diffraction patterns that arise from aligning a molecule, s-tetrazine (C 2 N 4 H 2 ), in a high intensity laser field using the Friedrich-Herschbach approach. The molecule is modeled using geometries and zero-point vibrations from a coupled-cluster level ab initio calculation. The alignment is achieved by a circularly polarized, quasicontinuous high-intensity laser pulse that intersects the molecular sample at selected geometries. The molecular ensemble is taken to be at a rotational temperature of 5 K. We find that even at 1 TW/cm 2 there is a very noticeable effect on the diffraction pattern stemming from the alignment. Moreover, using different laser geometries, it is possible to observe different diffraction patterns corresponding to specific projections of the molecular geometry onto the Fourier plane of the detector, making the laser a kind of "optical goniometer." Predictably, higher alignment laser intensities lead to narrower orientational distributions, which in turn provide for diffraction patterns with larger modulation depths. We find, however, that for small diffraction angles (s ≤ 15 A - 1 ) the effect appears to saturate at an alignment laser intensity of about 4 TW/cm 2 . This suggests that there is a window of opportunity where alignment is very beneficial for extracting information from gas-phase diffraction patterns and where detrimental multiphoton processes do not yet compromise the interpretation of the molecular structure.
Cross-check of ex-situ and in-situ metrology of a bendable temperature stabilized KB mirror

At the Advanced Light Source (ALS), we are developing broadly applicable, high-accuracy, in-situ, at-wavelength wavefront slope measurement techniques for Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror nano-focusing. In this paper, we report an initial cross-check of ex-situ and in-situ metrology of a bendable temperature stabilized KB mirror. This cross-check provides a validation of the in-situ shearing interferometry currently under development at the ALS.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY FIBER ON GROWTH, ASSIMILATION AND CELLULASE ACTIVITY OF THE PRAWN (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)1

Cellulose fiber comprising up to 30% of an isonitrogenous series of diets (0, 5, 15 and 30% fiber concentration) did not suppress growth of prawn having average initial weights of 0.08 ± 0.002 g over a 12-week period. In addition, dietary fiber concentrations of 5 and 20% were found to stimulate growth over an 8-week period among prawn having initial average weights of 1.48 ± 0.054 g, as opposed to 0% fiber concentration, which had no significant effect on growth. Cellulase activity measured in hepatopancreas tissues by viscometric techniques was shown to be positive with a six-fold increase in activity occurring in adult prawn (11 ± 1.16 g) when compared to smaller prawn (1 ± 0.06 g). However, activity in both sizes of prawn was not found to be proportional to increases in dietary fiber concentrations. Total organic carbon assimilation decreased while nitrogen assimilation efficiency increased in response to increasing dietary fiber concentration. Results from the present study indicated that use of dietary fiber may make a significant contribution to commercial formulations of cost-effective crustacean diets.
Widespread Policy Disruption and Interest Mobilization

We consider the involvement of different interests in policymaking following disruptions that affect the agendas of multiple subsystems. The policy process literature suggests that increased policy uncertainty and jurisdictional ambiguity could lead to substantial upheavals in interest involvement. We address these possibilities in studying the mobilization of different interests after the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, for eight disrupted policy subsystems. Contrary to expectations derived from the literature, we find limited evidence of interest upheaval or cross-subsystem spillovers in interest involvement. We suggest this is because policymakers sought to reduce policy uncertainty by calling upon those interests that were best equipped to help craft and implement policy solutions. These findings point to the stabilizing influence of policy subsystems in buffering against the effects of widespread disruptions.
Generation of a Slc39a8 hypomorph mouse: markedly decreased ZIP8 Zn²⁺/(HCO₃⁻)₂ transporter expression.

Abstract Previously this laboratory has identified the mouse Slc39a8 gene encoding the ZIP8 transporter, important in cadmium uptake. ZIP8 functions endogenously as a electroneutral Zn2+/ ( HCO 3 - ) 2 symporter, moving both ions into the cell. The overall physiological importance of ZIP8 remains unclear. Herein we describe generation of a mouse line carrying the Slc39a8(neo) allele, containing the Frt-flanked neomycin-resistance (neo) mini-cassette in intron 3 and loxP sites in introns 3 and 6. Cre recombinase functions correctly in Escherichia coli and in adeno-Cre-infected mouse fetal fibroblasts, but does not function in the intact mouse for reasons not clear. Slc39a8(neo) is a hypomorphic allele, because Slc39a8(neo/neo) homozygotes exhibit dramatically decreased ZIP8 expression in embryo, fetus, and visceral yolk sac – in comparison to their littermate wild-type controls. This ZIP8 hypomorph will be instrumental in studying developmental and in utero physiological functions of the ZIP8 transporter.
Experimental Investigation of Turbulent Convective Heat Transfer and Pressure Loss of Alumina/Water and Zirconia/Water Nanoparticle Colloids (Nanofluids) in Horizontal Tubes

The turbulent convective heat transfer behavior of alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) and zirconia (ZrO 2 ) nanoparticle dispersions in water is investigated experimentally in a flow loop with a horizontal tube test section at various flow rates (9000<Re < 63,000), temperatures (21-76°C), heat fluxes (up to ∼190 kW/m 2 ), and particle concentrations (0.9-3.6 vol % and 0.2-0.9 vol % for Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 , respectively). The experimental data are compared to predictions made using the traditional single-phase convective heat transfer and viscous pressure loss correlations for fully developed turbulent flow, Dittus-Boelter, and Blasius/MacAdams, respectively. It is shown that if the measured temperature- and loading-dependent thermal conductivities and viscosities of the nanofluids are used in calculating the Reynolds, Prandtl, and Nusselt numbers, the existing correlations accurately reproduce the convective heat transfer and viscous pressure loss behavior in tubes. Therefore, no abnormal heat transfer enhancement was observed in this study.
Origin of somatic embryos from repetitively embryogenic cultures of walnut ( Juglans regia L.): Implications for Agrobacterium -mediated transformation

Early stages of somatic embryo development from embryogenic cultures ofJuglans regia (Persian or English walnut) are described. Histological examination reveals that secondary somatic embryos arise from cotyledons and hypocotyls of primary embryos cultured in the dark. The embryos originate by transverse to oblique divisions of surface cells. Single-cell origin of the secondary embryos confirms the potential of the repetitive embryogenesis system forAgrobacterium-mediated transformation and regeneration of non-chimeric, transgenic walnut plants.
Calculation of π− photoproduction in 12C leading to the 12N ground state

Abstract We calculate charged pion nuclear photoproduction with the complete transition operator, Coulomb and nuclear pion distortion, and initial nuclear motion in impulse approximation. Theoretical results for 12 C(γ, π − ) 12 N gd using a Helm model description, are compared with two recent experiments.
The value of acetazolamide single photon emission computed tomography scans in the preoperative evaluation of asymptomatic critical carotid stenosis.

Abstract Purpose: Acetazolamide (ACZ)-enhanced single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scans can assess both cerebral perfusion and vascular reactivity. Patients with asymptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis were evaluated for cerebral vascular reactivity to determine the effect of extracranial occlusive disease and the effect of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) on intracerebral reactivity. Methods: In 44 patients with asymptomatic critical carotid artery stenosis, cerebral perfusion and vascular reactivity were assessed before CEA with resting and ACZ-enhanced SPECT scans. All patients had a 70% or greater ipsilateral internal carotid artery stenosis. Preoperative ACZ-enhanced SPECT scans were obtained, usually 5 days before CEA. Postoperative ACZ-enhanced SPECT scans were obtained in 30 patients. Results: Preoperative SPECT scans were asymmetric, revealing focal (n = 19) or global (n = 15) decreased reactivity in 34 patients (77%). Ten patients had symmetric or normal reactivity. After CEA, 23 patients demonstrated an improvement in reactivity ipsilateral to the side of surgery. The remaining seven patients failed to improve after surgery. Conclusion: Although all patients had a high-grade internal carotid stenosis, nearly a quarter of the patients had excellent intracerebral collateral flow. Only 71% of patients demonstrated improved intracerebral vasoreactivity after CEA. The lack of improvement in the other patients may have resulted from intracerebral pathology or lack of improvement in the extracranial carotid hemodynamics. (J Vasc Surg 1999;30:599-605.)
Theory for the impact of basal turnover on dopamine clearance kinetics in the rat striatum after medial forebrain bundle stimulation and pressure ejection.

Although microdialysis measurements suggest that extracellular dopamine concentrations in the rat striatum are in the low nanomolar range, some recent voltammetry studies suggest that the concentration may be considerably higher, perhaps in the micromolar range. The presence of such high dopamine levels in the extracellular space has to be rationalized with the rapid, linear clearance of extracellular dopamine observed after electrical stimulation of the medial forebrain bundle. Kinetic analysis of dopamine clearance after evoked release suggests that the basal extracellular dopamine concentration is below the KM of dopamine uptake, which is near 0.2 µm. However, dopamine clearance after pressure ejection of dopamine into the rat striatum is slow and non-linear, which may alternatively be a sign that basal dopamine release is only slightly slower than the maximal velocity of dopamine uptake, Vmax. A high basal extracellular dopamine concentration would exist if basal dopamine release were only slightly slower than the Vmax of uptake. This report introduces a new kinetic analysis of dopamine uptake that sheds light on the possible source of the different clearance rates observed following evoked dopamine release and dopamine pressure ejection. Furthermore, the analysis rationalizes the rapid dopamine clearance after evoked release with the possibility that basal extracellular dopamine levels are above the KM of the transporter.
The Case of the Reed in the Breeze

It was a dark November day, which at times would depress me, but my present surroundings raised my spirits. My wife, whom I dearly missed, had gone off for two weeks to visit her family in Dorset. My old regimental surgeon’s assistant, who served with me in Afghanistan and had just completed medical school, took over my practice for a few weeks. I had unexpectedly come into a few hundred pounds with an old investment so I could afford to pay a substitute. Holmes, on several occasions, had kindly asked me back to my old digs, so I took advantage of this respite and was now back with the welter of test tubes and notebooks, and with the noisome aroma of Holmes’ latest tobacco. I was brought out of my reverie by a sharp remark from Holmes, “Watson, I wouldn’t waste my money on that.” I never have become used to these intrusions on my thoughts. I sputtered, “On what should I not waste my money?” “On an expensive bespoke suit you have been thinking about contracting. It does not suit your image as a humble family practitioner.” “Really, Holmes, you infuriate me and amaze me at the same time. You must have spoken to my wife.” Holmes shook his head, “No, I did not, but the deduction was elementary. One, you told me you dined with Thompson a week ago. Two, Thompson has all his suits bespoke in Saville Row. Three, you told me that you recently had an unexpected windfall of a few hundred pounds. Four, I noted that you were gazing at your worn cuffs on your trousers. Hence, you decided to spend your money on a new, bespoke suit.” “My wife will be sorely disappointed if I do not,” I said. “That is a factor with …
Poly(A)-protein interactions and transport of mRNA in isolated nuclei.

Abstract RNA-protein complexes (RNP), formed in a cell-free system using nuclei from GH cells, prelabelled, with [3H] leucine,were isolated from nucleoplasm and from postnuclear supernatant (PNS). Radioactive proteins, associated with newly synthesized HnRNP and mRNP-like material in the PNS were examined. On SDS gels, the [3H] protein pattern of poly(A)HnRNP was found to be more complex than that of PNS poly(A)-RNP. Only three radioactive proteins (78K, 100K and 120K) were associated with the poly(A) segments of cell-free formed HnRNP and PNS poly(A)-RNP. Cordycepintriphosphate and α-amanitin reduced the transport of cell-free formed poly(A) RNP associated [3H] proteins to the extent of 52% and 46% respectively. It may be concluded that the poly(A) segment of newly synthesized mRNA-like material is directly or indirectly (by providing binding sites for specific proteins) responsible for the transport of poly(A) containing mRNA.
Now We Are Seventy-Five

Seventy-five years ago, a new society and a new journal were founded by the innovative and adventuresome handful of dermatologists who attended a general organizational meeting in June 1937 at the Hotel Dennis in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Converging Theory and Practice: example selection in moral philosophy

There is a growing trend in moral philosophy that reflects a return to a more ancient perspective of the subject matter wherein moral theory and moral practice are thought to converge. Like their Greek and Hellenistic predecessors, contemporary moral philosophers are again analysing virtues and character traits, drawing normative conclusions at the end of arguments, and testing their theories against examples from common life. Unfortunately, this literature is still cluttered with abstract, general, unlikely, and cleverly-constructed examples that are more apt to draw both reader and author away from the various moral issues under consideration. This paper argues that the selection of examples drawn from literature, history and common-life experiences offers the following advantages: (1) such examples better serve the purpose of illustration; (2) they function as projects for moral inquiry; (3) they better connect both reader and author to the moral issues being discussed; (4) they help prevent the dichotomisation of moral philosophy into meta-ethics and applied ethics; and (5) they help make it possible again for moral philosophy to have the relevance and importance it once enjoyed in previous periods of history. Selection criteria are outlined, and examples are provided that satisfy them.
Simulation of a polarimetric radar imaging system using realistic antenna patterns

In this paper we analyze the impact of coupling the polarimetric characteristics of antennas and targets on a radar system response and performance. In particular, we show that the cross-polarized fields radiated by antennas can have a significant impact on a polarimetric radar imaging system that involves wide-angle integration. As a numerical example, we apply this method to the problem of through-the-wall detection of small weapons based on polarimetric differences between images. The simulation results demonstrate a reduction in the weapon detection scheme performance when the radar antenna cross-polarization suppression drops under a certain limit.
Differentiation of neuroblastoma cells induced in culture by 6-thioguanine.

In addition to cell death, 6-thioguanine (TG) and 6-mercaptopurine induced neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cell culture, whereas 2-aminopurine had no effect on growth or morphology. 6-TG was much more potent in causing morphological differentiation than any other agents used in this study. It increased the levels of catechol-o-methyltransferase and choline acetyltransferase, but had no significant effect on the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity. 5-bromodeoxyuridine increased the levels of all three enzymes. 6-TG produced cell death with very little neurite formation in human neuroblastoma cell culture.
Localized saccular dilatation of the esophagus: an unusual cause of dysphagia.

Two young women who had undergone resection of an esophageal enteric cyst subsequently developed saccular dilatation of the esophagus. The abnormality was localized to the site of previous surgery and caused dysphagia in both patients.
Predicting faculty job satisfaction in university departments

This study attempts to examine the relationships between several dimensions of organizational climate and faculty job satisfaction in university departments which offer Ph.D. degrees. The three dimensions of organizational climate examined are: power perception, the perceived organizational goals, and the assessment of rewards. The major findings of the study are:
Alerting effects on choice reaction time and the photic eyeblink reflex.

To test the possibility that a common mechanism might be responsible for alerting effects on voluntary and reflexive reactions, choice reaction times (RT) to intense flashes of light were compared with eyeblink reflexes simultaneously evoked by those stimuli. An acoustic accessory stimulus, irrelevant to the RT task, facilitated both voluntary and reflexive reactions. A time uncertainty manipulation also generated facilitation of both responses under conditions in which phasic arousal was presumably greatest. However, there were several dissociations between alerting effects on voluntary and reflexive reactions and between effects on the early and late subcomponents of the photic orbicularis oculi reflex. In conjunction with other research in humans and animals, these data support the assumption that alerting involves the activation of multiple neuromodulatory (e.g. monoamine) systems, each of which is characterized by a distinct behavioral, neuropharmacological, and electrophysiological profile.
Energy driven modeling of OFF-state and sub-threshold degradation in scaled NMOS transistors

We study OFF-state and sub-threshold degradation in scaled NMOS transistors and propose a unified channel current (I S ) and drain-to-source voltage (V DS ) dependent lifetime model for a wide range of bias conditions. The lifetime dependence on V DS suggests that degradation is limited by the maximum energy available for the channel electron in short channel transistors.
Legislative Advocacy and Social Work Education: Models and New Strategies

The National Association of Social Workers promotes legislative advocacy through Lobby Days throughout the country. Yet legislative advocacy can be an under-taught and underutilized skill set for social work students. This article describes a variety of pedagogical models and strategies that social work programs can employ to prepare students for legislative advocacy experiences, including Lobby Days. CSWE’s Educational Policy and Accreditation Standards are applied to the educational strategies. In addition, practical strategies to prepare for and implement Lobby Day are shared.
Higher-order structure of interphase chromosomes and radiation-induced chromosomal exchange aberrations.

Purpose : To discuss the effects of chromosome structure on the inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges in the framework of the model, which argues that the higher-order chromosome structure contains 10-30 Mbp loop clusters (micelles). Results and conclusions : Intermicelle contacts determine exchangetype chromosome aberrations. Ratios of inter- to intrachromosomal exchanges calculated in the model are similar to the experimental data (literature) for human lymphocytes and flat fibroblasts. The frequency of interchanges is affected by nuclear shape; this might explain the greater number of interchanges observed in 3-D spherical lymphocytes vs. that in 2-D flat fibroblasts. Chromosome configuration (linear vs. folded Rabl) affects the pattern of micelle contacts. The model predicts that chromosomes in haploid Tradescantia microspores have the folded Rabl orientation; this explains quantitatively the low value of the ratio of dicentrics to centric rings observed in these cells.
Higher clinical performance during a surgical clerkship is independently associated with matriculation of medical students into general surgery.

Abstract Background The purpose of our study was to determine the predictive impact of individual academic measures for the matriculation of senior medical students into a general surgery residency. Methods Academic records were evaluated for third-year medical students (n = 781) at a single institution between 2004 and 2011. Cohorts were defined by student matriculation into either a general surgery residency program (n = 58) or a non–general surgery residency program (n = 723). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate independently significant academic measures. Results Clinical evaluation raw scores were predictive of general surgery matriculation ( P = .014). In addition, multivariate modeling showed lower United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores to be independently associated with matriculation into general surgery ( P = .007). Conclusions Superior clinical aptitude is independently associated with general surgical matriculation. This is in contrast to the negative correlation United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 scores have on general surgery matriculation. Recognizing this, surgical clerkship directors can offer opportunities for continued surgical education to students showing high clinical aptitude, increasing their likelihood of surgical matriculation.
Primary Lung Choriocarcinoma Masquerading as a Metastatic Gestational Neoplasm

Primary lung choriocarcinoma has rarely been reported. In females, previous pregnancies and other sources of trophoblastic tissue such as a nongestational gonadal choriocarcinoma must be excluded before the diagnosis can be made. Here we present a young female patient initially diagnosed as having a metastatic gestational neoplasm who was unresponsive to standard single and multiagent chemotherapy. A total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oopherectomy failed to reveal the source of production of beta HCG. At the time of her thoracotomy and lobectomy, performed for a lung nodule, she was found to have a primary lung choriocarcinoma. The patient received no further chemotherapy and has remained disease free for more than 3 years. This is the first recorded case of a lung choriocarcinoma that has been successfully treated where the patient has remained free of disease for more than 1 year.
Tiny hydraulics for powered orthotics

Untethered, powered orthotics require an actuation system with power supply and control, transmission line and actuator. Fluid power has unmatched force-to-weight and power-to-weight compared to electromechanical systems, but it is unclear if those same advantages hold for small systems in the 10 to 100 W range. A systems analysis approach suggests that a fluid power system will be lighter than an electromechanical system with the same output power and efficiency if the fluid power is run at pressures over about 200 psi. A theoretical analysis of small bore cylinders suggests that eliminating the piston seal will result in a higher efficiency actuator if the clearance gap is small. A demonstration, battery powered electrohydraulic actuator assembled from off-the-shelf components had the force and power suited to a powered ankle orthosis, but is too large and too heavy, suggesting the need to develop custom components.
Inhibition of aerobic respiration and dissimilatory perchlorate reduction using cyanide.

The effect of low concentrations of cyanide on dissimilatory perchlorate and chlorate reduction and aerobic respiration was examined using pure cultures of Azospira sp. KJ. Cyanide at a concentration of 38 μM inhibited cell growth on perchlorate, chlorate and molecular oxygen, but it did not inhibit the activity of chlorite dismutase. When oxygen accumulation was prevented by adding an oxygen scavenger (Oxyrase or l-cysteine), however, cells completely reduced perchlorate in the presence of cyanide. It was concluded that the inhibition of dissimilative perchlorate reduction by cyanide at this concentration was a consequence of oxygen accumulation, not inhibition of the enzymes used for perchlorate reduction. This finding on the effect of cyanide on respiratory enzymes provides a new method to control and study respiratory enzymes used for perchlorate reduction.
Infection of neonatal mice with sindbis virus results in a systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

Laboratory strains of viruses may contain cell culture-adaptive mutations which result in significant quantitative and qualitative alterations in pathogenesis compared to natural virus isolates. This report suggests that this is the case with Sindbis virus strain AR339. A cDNA clone comprising a consensus sequence of Sindbis virus strain AR339 has been constructed (W. B. Klimstra, K. D. Ryman, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 72:7357-7366, 1998). This clone (pTR339) regenerates a sequence predicted to be very close to that of the original AR339 isolate by eliminating several cell culture-adaptive mutations present in individual laboratory strains of the virus (K. L. McKnight et al., J. Virol. 70:1981-1989, 1996). It thus provides a unique reagent for study of the pathogenesis of Sindbis virus strain AR339 in mice. Neonatal mouse pathogenesis of virus (TR339) generated from the pTR339 clone was compared with that of virus from a cDNA clone of the cell culture-passaged laboratory AR339 strain, TRSB, and virus from a clone of a more highly cell culture-adapted strain, HR(sp) (Toto 50). The sequence of TRSB differs from the consensus at three coding positions, while Toto 50 differs at eight codons and one nucleotide in the 5' nontranslated region. Both cell culture-adapted strains contain mutations associated with heparan sulfate (HS)-dependent attachment to cells (W.B. Klimstra, K. D. Ryman, and R. E. Johnston, J. Virol. 72:7357-7366, 1998). TR339 caused 100% mortality with an average survival time (AST) of 1.7 +/- 0.25 days. While TRSB also caused 100% mortality, the AST was extended to 2.9 +/- 0.52 days. The more extensively cell culture-adapted virus Toto 50 caused only 30% mortality with an AST extended to 11.0 +/- 4.8 days. TRSB and TR339 induced high serum levels of alpha/beta interferon, gamma interferon, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and corticosterone and induced pathology reminiscent of lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock, a type of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. However, the reduced intensity of this response in TRSB-infected mice correlated with the increased AST. Toto 50 failed to induce the shock-like cytokine cascade. In situ hybridization studies indicated that TR339 and TRSB replicated in identical tissues, but the TRSB signal was less widespread at early times postinfection. While Toto 50 also replicated in similar tissues, the extent of replication was severely restricted and mice developed lesions characteristic of encephalitis. A single mutation in TRSB at E2 position 1 (Arg) conferred HS-dependent attachment to cells and was associated with reduced cytokine induction and extended AST in vivo.
Long-term variations in primary production in a eutrophic sub-estuary. II. Interannual variations and modeling

A 19 yr time series of annual primary production in the eutrophic Rhode River sub- estuary of the Chesapeake Bay in Maryland (USA) was analyzed in relation to climatological and ecological factors. The objectives of this work were to understand factors controlling interannual variations in primary production in a eutrophic estuary and develop a model for tracking future variations in production, in the absence of direct measurements of photosynthetic carbon uptake. Annual production (PA) averaged 328 (range 152 to 612) g C m −2 yr −1 . Interannual variability was statistically significant, but there was no significant linear trend or significant non-random varia- tions over the available 19 yr. Climatological indices based on North Atlantic Oscillation or flow of the Susquehanna River, the principal N source to the upper Chesapeake Bay, were not significant predictors of PA. A classification of years based on magnitude of the spring dinoflagellate bloom and timing of nitrate depletion was a significant predictor of PA. Phytoplankton biomass, B, and the light saturated photosynthetic rate normalized to chlorophyll, P B, were of similar magnitude in their influence on the variance in PA. The high degree of variability in P B max weakened efforts to model both daily and annual production from measurements of chlorophyll and light attenuation. Between 4 and 15 yr of measurements of chlorophyll and light attenuation would be needed to detect a change in trophic status of the sub-estuary, depending on the level of reduction achieved in PA. Average daily production would have to be reduced below 1052 mg C m −2 d −1 to achieve mesotrophic status.
A general E-pulse scheme arising from the dual early-time/late-time behavior of radar scatterers

A duality between the temporal late-time response and the spectral early-time response of a radar target is used to form the basis for a general E-pulse technique. Examples, using the ultrawide-band measurements of an aircraft model, reveal that E-pulse cancellation is possible both in the time domain for the late-time component and in the frequency domain for the early-time component. Applications to radar target discrimination and clutter cancellation are described, and the aspect dependence of early-time discrimination is investigated. >