cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finding the truth: multivariable analysis and the assassination of Abraham Lincoln.

Acaeruloplasminaemia is a rare neurodegenerative disorder in which dysfunction of the caeruloplasmin gene results in brain iron accumulation alongside systemic iron overload. We discuss the case of a 53-year-old male who presented to neurology with a 4-year history of progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms and was eventually diagnosed with this condition. We discuss the characteristic clinical features and supporting laboratory and radiological findings as well as clinical pointers to help differentiate it from other conditions which might cause diagnostic confusion.
Preparation and Evaluation of Monetite as a High-Capacity Adsorbent for Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water

AbstractIn an effort to further understand the fourfold higher fluoride removal capacity of chemically activated cow bone (CAB) previously reported compared to bone char, fundamental properties of ...
Formal Physical Therapy May Not Be Necessary After Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract Background The purpose of this randomized clinical trial was to compare formal outpatient physical therapy (PT) and unsupervised home exercises after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). Methods Fifty-two patients were randomized to 6 weeks of outpatient PT or an unsupervised home exercise program after UKA. The primary outcome was change in range of motion at 6 weeks with secondary outcomes including total arc of motion, Knee Society Score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score Jr, Lower Extremity Functional Scale, and Veterans Rands-12 score. Results Twenty-five patients received outpatient PT, 22 patients the self-directed exercise program, while 3 patients deviated from the protocol, 1 patient withdrew, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. There was no difference in the change of range of motion (P = .43) or total arc of motion at 6 weeks (P = .17) between the groups and likewise no significant differences were found in any of the secondary outcomes. Two patients who crossed over from the unsupervised home exercise program to formal outpatient PT within the first 2 weeks postoperatively required a manipulation under anesthesia. Conclusions Our results suggest self-directed exercises may be appropriate for most patients following UKA. However, there is a subset of patients who may benefit from formal PT.
Heavy: The Obesity Crisis in Cultural Context

As I read Helene Shugart's new book, Heavy: The Obesity Crisis in Cultural Context, I became aware of just how much public attention is paid to obesity. I don't live in a bubble; I already knew the...
Record Alkali Metal Intercalation by Highly Charged Corannulene.

ConspectusThe need for advanced energy storage technologies demands the development of new functional materials. Novel carbon-rich and carbon-based materials of different structural topologies attract significant attention in this regard. Attractive systems include a unique class of bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that map onto fullerene surfaces and are thus often referred to as fullerene fragments, buckybowls, or π-bowls. Importantly, carbon bowls are able to acquire multiple electrons in stepwise reduction reactions producing sets of successively reduced carbanions. The resulting negatively charged π-bowls exhibit unique supramolecular assembly and metal intercalation patterns that only recently have begun to be uncovered. First, we have resolved the long-standing mystery behind the supramolecular structure formed by a highly reduced fullerene fragment called corannulene (C20H104–) with multiple lithium ions, using X-ray crystallography coupled with NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calcula...
Measurement of thermal stresses in the S.S. “Boulder Victory”

A lack of comprehensive experimental measurements of thermal stresses induced in a ship's hull structure by diurnal temperature changes prompted this study. Its essential purpose was to provide reliable prototype measurements of thermal-stress patterns around a complete transverse section of a ship. These results are compared with stresses computed by the theory of simple beams under arbitrary temperature distributions across their section. Bridge-type SR-4 strain-gage assemblies were developed for attachment directly to the structure. A variety of temperature conditions were observed and corresponding strain measurements taken. The results are consistent and give a reliable picture of thermal-stress conditions in a ship. They also verify the prediction of thermal stresses afforded by the simple-beam theory.
Routes of T 3 s Metabolism

Recent studies suggest that, as in the case of T4, monodeiodination (to T2s) is an important mode of metabolism of T3s (rT3 and T3). Two T2s, 3,3′-T2 and 3′,5′-T2, could derive from the metabolism of 3,3′,5′-T3 (rT3) (Fig. 8.1). Both of these have been demonstrated in human circulation. Serum levels of 3,3′-T2 as well as 3′,5′-T2 increase considerably after oral administration of rT3 (Wu et al. 1976; Chopra et al. 1978d; Geola et al. 1979). Similarly, radioactive 3,3′-T2 and 3′,5′-T2 have been found in human plasma after intravenous administration of rT3 labeled in the phenolic (outer) ring. Studies of thyroid glands hydrolyzed with pronase suggest that the 3,3′-T2 and 3′,5′-T2 content of human thyroglobulin is very low on a weight basis, approximating only about 0.05% and 0.06% that of T4, respectively.
Specific Afferent Renal Denervation Prevents Reduction in Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase Within the Paraventricular Nucleus in Rats With Chronic Heart Failure

Renal denervation (RDN) has been shown to restore endogenous neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and reduce sympathetic drive during chronic heart failure (CHF). The purpose of the present study was to assess the contribution of afferent renal nerves to the nNOS-mediated sympathetic outflow within the PVN in rats with CHF. CHF was induced in rats by ligation of the left coronary artery. Four weeks after surgery, selective afferent RDN (A-RDN) was performed by bilateral perivascular application of capsaicin on the renal arteries. Seven days after intervention, nNOS protein expression, nNOS immunostaining signaling, and diaphorase-positive stained cells were significantly decreased in the PVN of CHF rats, changes that were reversed by A-RDN. A-RDN reduced basal lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in rats with CHF (8.5%±0.5% versus 17.0%±1.2% of max). Microinjection of nNOS inhibitor L-NMMA (L-NG-monomethyl arginine citrate) into the PVN produced a blunted increase in lumbar sympathetic nerve activity in rats with CHF. This response was significantly improved after A-RDN (Δ lumbar sympathetic nerve activity: 25.7%±2.4% versus 11.2%±0.9%). Resting afferent renal nerves activity was substantially increased in CHF compared with sham rats (56.3%±2.4% versus 33.0%±4.7%). These results suggest that intact afferent renal nerves contribute to the reduction of nNOS in the PVN. A-RDN restores nNOS and thus attenuates the sympathoexcitation. Also, resting afferent renal nerves activity is elevated in CHF rats, which may highlight a crucial neural mechanism arising from the kidney in the maintenance of enhanced sympathetic drive in CHF.
Automated symptom and treatment side effect monitoring for improved quality of life among adults with diabetic peripheral neuropathy in primary care: a pragmatic, cluster, randomized, controlled trial

Aims To evaluate the effectiveness of automated symptom and side effect monitoring on quality of life among individuals with symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Methods We conducted a pragmatic, cluster randomized controlled trial (July 2014 to July 2016) within a large healthcare system. We randomized 1834 primary care physicians and prospectively recruited from their lists 1270 individuals with neuropathy who were newly prescribed medications for their symptoms. Intervention participants received automated telephone-based symptom and side effect monitoring with physician feedback over 6 months. The control group received usual care plus three non-interactive diabetes educational calls. Our primary outcomes were quality of life (EQ-5D) and select symptoms (e.g. pain) measured 4-8 weeks after starting medication and again 8 months after baseline. Process outcomes included receiving a clinically effective dose and communication between individuals with neuropathy and their primary care provider over 12 months. Interviewers collecting outcome data were blinded to intervention assignment. Results Some 1252 participants completed the baseline measures [mean age (sd): 67 (11.7), 53% female, 57% white, 8% Asian, 13% black, 20% Hispanic]. In total, 1179 participants (93%) completed follow-up (619 control, 560 intervention). Quality of life scores (intervention: 0.658 ± 0.094; control: 0.653 ± 0.092) and symptom severity were similar at baseline. The intervention had no effect on primary [EQ-5D: -0.002 (95% CI -0.01, 0.01), P = 0.623; pain: 0.295 (-0.75, 1.34), P = 0.579; sleep disruption: 0.342 (-0.18, 0.86), P = 0.196; lower extremity functioning: -0.079 (-1.27, 1.11), P = 0.896; depression: -0.462 (-1.24, 0.32); P = 0.247] or process outcomes. Conclusions Automated telephone monitoring and feedback alone were not effective at improving quality of life or symptoms for people with symptomatic diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02056431).
Do Normative Composite Scores on the Functional Movement Screen Differ Across High School, Collegiate, and Professional Athletes? A Critical Review.

Objective The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a battery of 7 unloaded tests designed to rate human movement competency. Injury rates vary across the different level of a sport. The purpose of this critical review was to determine whether normative FMS composite scores differ across high school, collegiate, and professional athletic populations and to determine whether normative composite scores correlate with rates of severe injury across different collegiate sports. Data sources PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases from inception to September 2017 with the following syntax: "functional movement screen*" OR "movement screen*". Additional records were identified by citation tracking and hand search of articles. Study selection A total of 708 records identified, of which 36 were included. Studies were included if they reported a FMS composite score for one of the groups. Data extraction Two reviewers (T.R.P. and F.K.) screened records for the author and year; sample size; study design; sport(s); number, age, and sex of participants; testing conditions; methodological quality; and mean or median composite score(s). Data synthesis Normative FMS composite scores were invariant to level of play, with 61% of reported scores falling between 14 and 16, despite injury rates increasing by level of play. Scores for high school, college, and professional athletes were 14.1, 14.8, and 15.7, respectively. There was a significant positive relationship between composite scores and rate of severe injury in college sports (r(11) = 0.66, P = 0.014). Conclusions Our findings potentially undermine the FMS's predictive validity. Although the FMS may have other applications, this critical review provides further evidence against the composite score for injury prediction in competitive athletes.
IDENTIFICATION OF CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS AMONG A COHORT OF HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY PATIENTS

While hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common cause of unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), the phenotype of cardiac amyloidosis can mimic HCM leading to misdiagnosis. Given the substantial differences in prognosis and management, as well as novel therapies to improve
YIELD OF GENETIC TESTING IN NEONATES WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE AND ASSOCIATION WITH CLINICAL OUTCOMES

Among infants with congenital heart disease (CHD), there is a wide range in clinical outcomes and it is not known how genetic causes contribute. The aim of this study was to characterize the frequency and diagnostic yield of genetic testing in neonates with CHD and assess how results of genetic
Incidence and Effect of VA-ECMO Use in Primary Graft Failure Patients after Heart Transplantation

Purpose Primary graft dysfunction (PGD) is a complication associated with high mortality after heart transplant, which may require veno-arterial extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support. However, the outcomes of VA-ECMO use for heart transplant recipients remains unclear in limited studies. Methods Between September 2014 and August 2018, 169 patients underwent heart transplantation in our single center. 10 patients who required VA-ECMO support were analyzed retrospectively. Incidence, pre-operative recipient and donor demographics, intraoperative variables, VA-ECMO support duration, short and long-term survival were analyzed. The outcomes were stratified by PGD severity. Results Of 10 patients, the incidence of severe PGD requiring immediate VA-ECMO support from primary heart transplant was 70.0% (n = 7). The incidence of non-severe PGD requiring non-immediate VA-ECMO support was 30.0% (n = 3). Median ischemic time and interquartile range (IQR) was 189 [158-212] minutes. The survival to discharge rate was 71.4% and 100% for severe and non-severe PGD patients, respectively (Figure 1). Median survival days and IQR was 580 [80-877] for severe PGD patients and 366 [64-381] for non-severe PGD patients. 30-day survival rate was 85.7% and 100% for severe and non-severe PGD patients. 1-year survival rate was 66.7% for severe PGD and 100% for non-severe PGD patients, respectively (Table 1). Conclusion VA-ECMO support following heart transplant led to acceptable results in PGD patients. However, further stratified research with larger cohorts is needed to evaluate the effects of VA-ECMO and to improve outcomes.
Surface roughness effect on multiaxial fatigue behavior of additive manufactured metals and its modeling

Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) has become a very popular topic recently due to its many advantages including short build cycles, convenience of customization, and most importantly the ability to build components with complex geometry. However, the surface condition of additive manufactured components is not always satisfactory, particularly with respect to fatigue performance. This is because the as-built surface tends to be rough and post surface treatments or processes such as machining and polishing may not be applicable to all AM parts. On the other hand, since many components are under cyclic loading consisting of normal and shear stresses, multiaxial fatigue behavior is one of the most important aspects to evaluate. This paper evaluates the surface roughness effect on fatigue behaviors of Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples additively manufactured by laser-based powder bed fusion method (L-PBF). Fully reversed axial, torsional, and combined axial-torsion fatigue tests were conducted on specimens with different surface conditions and with different post heat treatments (annealed and HIP). Fatigue life predictions were made using linear elastic fracture mechanic with satisfactory results, as compared to experimental results.
Phorboxazole Synthetic Studies. 2. Construction of a C(20−28) Subtarget, a Further Extension of the Petasis−Ferrier Rearrangement

In this, the second of two Letters, we describe the efficient assembly of (+)-4, a C(20−28) subtarget for the total synthesis of phorboxazoles A (1) and B (2). The synthesis was achieved in 12 linear steps (20% overall yield) via Petasis−Ferrier rearrangement of an E/Z mixture of trisubstituted enol ethers (15) to assemble the C(22−26) cis-tetrahydropyran. A mechanism for the observed diastereoconvergence of 15 is proposed. In addition, a new tactic for the synthesis of enol ethers (e.g., 15) based on the elegant work of Julia is described.
Combining the Inventory Control Policy with Pricing and Advertisement Decisions for a Non-instantaneous Deteriorating Product

A non-instantaneous deteriorating item refers to the product that its deterioration starts after a specific period time rather than starting instantly of its arrival in stock. In this paper, we study the inventory control policy for a non-instantaneous deteriorating item subject to pricing and advertising decisions. The demand function is price- and- time-dependent and shortage is allowed and partially backlogged. The retailer aims to maximize its total profit determining the optimal selling price and inventory control variables. We formulate the proposed model and develop an algorithm to indicate the optimal solution. Finally, we extend a numerical example with discussion to show the efficiency of the proposed model.
Mucosal Antigen Sampling Across the Villus Epithelium by Epithelial and Myeloid Cells

Abstract Vaccines targeting mucosal tissues offer promise in providing both mucosal and systemic immunity to pathogens. Many current efforts are aimed at delivering immunostimulatory antigens in the form of macrovesicles and particulates, including nanoparticles and engineered plant-derived proteins, as well as live attenuated vectors, to organized lymphoid tissues, such as Peyer’s patches. These efforts target M cells, a specialized gateway cells to mucosal lumen and luminal antigen uptake within the follicle-associated epithelium, in an attempt to overcome the considerable barriers to antigen transit through the mucosal barrier. However, recent findings suggest novel paths for antigen uptake across these barriers (e.g., transepithelial dendrites of myeloid cells, goblet cells, and FcRn-dependent epithelial transport) that offer opportunities for new vaccine approaches. This chapter will first describe the basic components of mucosal barriers, followed by a discussion of what is known about antigen uptake across the villus epithelium. It will conclude with thoughts about how these mechanisms may be used by currently available vaccines and potentially exploited to develop novel vaccination strategies to generate or enhance mucosal immunity.
Does the public’s confidence in the scientific community affect its willingness to participate in social science research? A test examining the demeanor of survey respondents:

Research examining the consequences of the public’s confidence in the scientific community has primarily focused on the natural or medical sciences. It is not clear whether the public’s confidence ...
Acoustic Flame Suppression in Various Gravitational Forces

The ability to detect and suppress flames on Earth gravity, microgravity, and Mars gravity is crucial for preventing fire during space missions. Payload limitations for mission assets create the necessity for resourceful fire response technology. Furthermore, gravity affects the heat release rate, pollutant formation, and extinguishment of flames. Unlike pressure vessel fire extinguishers, low-frequency acoustic waves are not affected by gravity and can extinguish a flame without increasing a payload. An Acoustic Flame Suppression System (AFSS) composed of a subwoofer, focal lens, and a thermal camera can extinguish fire regardless of gravity. The system components may be attached to autonomous swarm rovers called Swarmies or mounted onto walls depending on the task. The purpose of this paper is to assess the development feasibility of an autonomous AFSS for flame suppression under various gravitational force conditions. The most appropriate way in developing an effective system is by studying previous acoustic flame suppression experiments and incorporating applicable elements.
Cost analysis of cordotomy and intrathecal pain pump placement for refractory cancer pain.

Background Cancer pain can be debilitating and 10-20% of patients will have refractory pain despite optimal medical management. Here, we present a cost comparison of treating terminal cancer patients with intravenous (IV) narcotics, anterolateral cordotomy, or intrathecal pain pump (ITPP) placement. Case Description We evaluated and treated 2 patients with metastatic breast cancer and expected survivals of <1 year. The first patient, a 53-year-old female, had tumor invasion of the right chest wall and had failed oral pain regimens; she was admitted to receive IV Dilaudid as patient-controlled analgesia (PCA). After 7 days of treatment without improvement, she underwent a left-sided C1-2 cordotomy. For her, the cost of the cordotomy was $18,462 and the expenses for 7 days hospital stay with PCA was $89,884; the total was $108,346. The second patient, a 60-year-old female, had severe somatic pain due to invasion by tumor of the left knee cap. She, too, has failed oral therapy and was receiving in-hospital IV Dilaudid PCA. Following 2 days of failed treatment, a morphine ITPP was placed and effectively treated her pain. In patient 2, the cost of the ITPP was $80,603 and the expenses for 8 days of the hospital stay with PCA came to $84,785; the total was $165,389. Conclusion The treatment of refractory pain in cancer patients is challenging. It requires invasive procedures such as cordotomy or ITPP. Although procedures may yield comparable pain control, there was a significant cost savings for cordotomy versus ITPP ($57,043 saved).
Vortex Fourier encoding for small-brain classification of MNIST digits with no hidden layers

Here we elaborate on the edge-enhanced spectral components that are produced by the vortex Fourier trans- form, which are introduced in [1]. The vortex phase pattern imprinted on from an object breaks the spatial invariance of its Fourier representation is robust to noise. We report on new results related to the image classification of the MNIST digit dataset with no hidden layers. We show that the accuracy from one phase vortex mask is capable of achieving 0:95 validation accuracy and further show that the dynamic range of the phase modulation scheme significantly influences the classification accuracy and classification convergence rate.
Phenotyping issues for exploring electronic health records to design clinical trials.

For utilizing electronic health records to help design and conduct clinical trials, an essential first step is to select eligible patients from electronic health records, that is, electronic health...
Climate disaster and the resilience of local maritime networks: Two examples from the Aegean Bronze Age

Abstract This paper investigates changing patterns of maritime small-world networks among the Cycladic islands of the southern Aegean Sea in the context of two climate disasters in the Bronze Age (ca. 3200 BCE - 1100 BCE): the 4.2 ka event at the end of the Early Bronze Age and the eruption of Thera in the late 17th century BCE in the Late Bronze Age. The 4.2 ka event is a period where changing environmental conditions — including landscape degradation, deforestation, and increased drought — correlate with drastically reduced maritime connectivity and increased settlement isolation. Previous archaeological study of the eruption of the Theran volcano (Santorini) has shown the persistence of regional-scale communication networks for a period of up to a century after the eruption. This paper examines the effect of the eruption on local-scale maritime networks. The archaeological study of both climate events is complicated by chronological discrepancies and, in the case of the 4.2 ka event, reliance on indirect environmental data. This paper addresses the questions: a) what effect did these two climate disasters have on small-world maritime networks in the Bronze Age Cyclades, and b) how did the island inhabitants adapt within a context of disruptive environmental phenomena? GIS modeling reveals that small-world networks in the Early Bronze Age Cyclades were substantially altered in the face of the 4.2 ka climate event, while in response to the eruption of Thera, small-world networks were resilient. Variables influencing the differing network responses include the temporality of the climate disasters, the availability of the sail as a technology of resilience, and varying environmental and social vulnerabilities.
Primary Care for Transgender Adolescents and Young Adults in Rhode Island: An Analysis of the all Payers Claims Database.

Abstract Purpose Structural stigma has shaped disparities across several domains of health for transgender relative to cisgender (nontransgender) adolescents in the United States. Research on transgender health has largely overlooked the role of preventive care, especially for adolescents. Methods We used ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes to identify transgender adolescents in the Rhode Island All Payers Claims Database (APCD) from 2011 to 2017 based on a diagnosis for gender identity disorder (GID). We evaluated differences in the use of preventive care services between transgender and cisgender adolescents. We compared the frequency of sexually transmitted infection and HIV screening and the percentage prescribed pre-exposure prophylaxis among transgender and cisgender adolescents using t-tests and chi-square tests. We used logistic regression to evaluate the association between attending regular physical exams and receiving preventive health services. Results There was no significant difference in the proportion of transgender and cisgender adolescents who received regular influenza vaccinations, physical exams, and HPV vaccinations. Transgender adolescents were significantly more likely to receive regular cholesterol and BMI screenings compared to cisgender adolescents. While there was a significant positive association between having regular physical exams and receiving most preventive screenings in the cisgender population, in the transgender population, regular physical exams were only significantly positively associated with STI screening. Conclusions Transgender adolescents accessing the healthcare system received similar, if not greater, levels of preventive health services compared to their cisgender peers. Because regular physical exams were not associated with receiving most preventive services among transgender adolescents, these services may be delivered outside of primary care settings.
Development of Low-TDD GaAsyP 1-y /GaP/Si Metamorphic Materials for High-Efficiency III-V/Si Photovoltaics

Metamorphic III-V/Si materials with low threading dislocation density (TDD) are critical to realizing high-efficiency III-V/Si multijunction photovoltaics. In pursuit of a dual junction III-V/Si design with a GaAs 0.75 P 0.25 top junction epitaxially integrated on a Si bottom junction, we report on progress made in the development of GaP/Si and GaAsyP l-y /Si materials with significantly reduced TDD. Using a tightly integrated study of fundamental dislocation dynamics, rapid electron microscopy based feedback on dislocation populations, and MOCVD process development, we have fully re-engineered the GaP on Si growth process. Our new approach results in a TDD of 7x104 cm−2 for 50 nm thick films. Implementation of a novel dislocation glide enhancing heterostructure then enabled subsequent growth of fully-relaxed, 500 nm total thickness n-GaP with a TDD of 2.4×106 cm−2. When applied to the production of full GaAs 0.75 P 0.25 /Si tandem solar cell structures, but without any significant optimization thus far, this low TDD is effectively maintained, yielding a terminal TDD of only 3.0x106 cm−2, sufficient to support high photovoltaic performance.
A Meta-Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: An Empirical evidence from Pakistan during COVID 19 Policymaking

Purpose: Present study is based on the impact of Foreign Direct Investment on the Economic Growth of Pakistan. In this paper, a time-series data has been collected for the variables Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Gross Capital Formation (GCF), Inflation rate (IR), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) since the year 1970-2018 from World Bank Development Indicators. Some tests have been performed regarding the significance of data using regression, correlation analysis, and normality test (Kolmogorov-Smirnov) using SPSS software. In this research, an alternative hypothesis has been built to analyze the significance of this data. Discussions and recommendations have been given in this paper to implicate on the economy for growth and development measures.Design/Methodology/Approach: The data from WDI and other worldwide authentic sources were used from 1970-2018 to perform models using regression analysis and advanced machine learning methods.Findings: Regression and correlation analysis have been used on the variables. Its result indicates a positive relationship among the variables FDI and GDP whereas it shows a negative correlation among the variables GCF, IR concerning GDP.Limitations: Data is predictable based on the variables taken. It has been collected for the recent years up till 2018. It can only predict a certain variation caused by the increase of a particular independent variable that is FDI, GCF, and IR. Future variation in variables cannot be predicted. The results are specifically related to Pakistan and cannot be justified for other countries.Practical implications: Strong industrial network clusters must be formed by the policymakers to gain investor loyalty and will also help companies to form capital and also sustain a strong supply chain management. Higher FDI inflows will aid the ongoing project of Pakistan which is the Diamer Bhasha Dam. Due to the pandemic stated as COVID-19, FDI will actively play a role in maintaining ventilators in hospitals that have become a current need. An increase in inflation shows a negative impact on the economy of Pakistan. Considering the prevailing situation where unemployment level, job opportunities not being available and no productivity level is being achieved due to the current Pandemic i.e. COVID-19, policymakers must take initiative in reducing consumer prices so that all the preceding situations could have positive effects on the economic growth of Pakistan
The Global Burden of Neural Tube Defects and Disparities in Neurosurgical Care.

Background Despite the success of folic acid fortification programs, neural tube defects (NTDs) such as spina bifida, encephalocele, and anencephaly remain among the most substantial causes of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although these are complicated conditions that require an interdisciplinary approach to care, definitive treatment of survivable NTDs is often neurosurgical. Methods Using Global Burden of Disease data, we examined the global burden of NTDs as related to a nation's wealth, health care quality, and access to neurosurgical care. We abstracted data for death by cause, years lived with disability (YLD), gross domestic product (GDP), United Nations geoscheme, Food Fortification Initiative participation, and Healthcare Access and Quality Index. We compared means using 1-way analysis of variance and proportions using Fisher exact tests, with statistical significance as α = 0.05. Results Seventeen of 20 (85%) nations with the most deaths caused by NTDs (P Conclusions Despite the success of folic acid fortification programs, greater global public health efforts should be placed on improving access to neurosurgical care in low and middle-income nations through sustainable initiatives such as surgeon exchange programs and the establishment of neurosurgery residency training programs.
Case Report: Biologic graft placement with subsequent radiation therapy following radical vulvectomy for adenoid cystic carcinoma of the Bartholin’s gland

Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the Bartholins gland, first described by Klob in 1864, is a rare form of vulvar cancer comprising approximately 2-7% of all invasive vulvar lesions (Cardosi, 2001). Treatment consists of excision followed by radiation therapy (Cardosi, 2001; Anaf, 1999; Barcellini, 2020). Progression is indolent with later recurrence and metastases in comparison to other forms of vulvar cancer (Yang, 2006). Resection remains the gold standard for treatment followed by radiation therapy if margins are positive (Cardosi, 2001; Yang, 2006; Chang et al., 2019). We present a case of ACC of the Bartholins gland that underwent radical vulvectomy and Surgisis graft placement due to the extent of disease resection. Radiation therapy was then pursued due to positive margins with no wound breakdown despite this being the most common complication of vulvectomy with or without radiation therapy (Leminen et al., 2000). To our knowledge this is only the second case of Cook Biodesign graft placement after vulvectomy and first case of subsequent local radiation therapy to the area.
Abstract 16821: An ECG Derived Risk Score Predicts In-Hospital Death in Patients With COVID-19

Introduction: COVID-19 is a respiratory syndrome with high rates of mortality, and findings from the ECG on hospital presentation have been shown to increase the odds of death. We thus hypothesized...
Notes: Physical Fitness of 7th Grade Children

(1961). Notes: Physical Fitness of 7th Grade Children. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 420-420.
The Impact of Open Source on Pre-Invention Assignment Contracts

This comment studies the implications of open source on pre-invention assignment agreements.
Studying common-pool resources over time: A longitudinal case study of the Buen Hombre fishery in the Dominican Republic

Like many small-scale fishing communities around the world, the community of Buen Hombre in the Dominican Republic is dealing with a set of challenges to reconcile its fishing activities with the ecology on which it depends. Also like many such communities, this case has been examined at a particular period in time by a group of social scientists, but not over substantial lengths of time in order to examine the longitudinal validity of the conclusions made during this period. In this paper we combine data from previous anthropological work with our own primary social and ecological data to conduct a longitudinal case study of the Buen Hombre fishery. Our over-time comparison focuses on a suite of mostly social and institutional variables to explain what we find to be a continued degradation of the fishery, and we conclude the analysis by presenting a causal-loop diagram, summarizing our inferences regarding the complex interactions among these variables. We find that a mix of factors, notably changes in gear and fishing sites used, the number of fishermen and their livelihood diversity, as well as an increased connectivity between Buen Hombre and its external environment, have contributed to the decline of the condition of Buen Hombre coral reef fishery. We conclude with a discussion of what may lie ahead for this particular case and others like it.
Insufficient Sleep and Cardiovascular Disease

In aggregate, studies conducted across multiple settings in diverse populations indicate that extremes of sleep duration are associated with numerous cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension. However, even after considering these risk factors, the predominance of data indicates that extreme sleep duration is also associated with clinical cardiovascular disease and cardiovascular mortality. The overall “dose–response” for these associations is not clear. While some studies suggest monotonic associations, others suggest a J- or U-shaped distribution. Also, while the most extreme durations (e.g., less than 5 or more than 10 h of sleep per night) have been fairly consistently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes, the magnitude of effect of less extreme deviations from 7 to 8 h per night is less apparent. The sources of population heterogeneity in susceptibility to the effects of sleep deprivation also are not well understood. While some data indicate stronger effects in women compared to men, it is plausible that such differences could relate to measurement or greater misclassification of exposures in men. A further understanding of the inter-relationship of sleep patterns with other important health behaviors (activity patterns and diet) and more comprehensive assessments of sleep in terms of duration, quality, timing, and symptoms may help further clarify which aspects of sleep are most important in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease.
Professor Galapagos on the Floor

Every so often his colleagues are amazed to see the professor on the floor; the black robe, the pince-nez, the horseshoe of grey hair; the professor lying there, eyes staring. He seems to have been making his way, see those thin books grasped in his hand, when he suddenly felt that he should lie on the floor. The dean asks, professor Galapagos, is that you on the floor? No answer. This is odd behavior for an academician, professor Galapagos, really. . . And I understand that you will not be embarrassed into resuming your former dignity, sighed the dean. No answer.
Financial Distress Risk Innovations and the Distress Risk-Return Relation

Motivated by ample evidence of underreaction in a variety of settings, we empirically test and find support for underreaction to distress risk innovations. Controlling for underreaction reveals a robust positive price of distress risk. The distress risk-return relation is dynamic; this explains the surprising negative distress risk-return relation found in previous empirical work. Distress risk is a plausible economic explanation of the size premium. However, we find no evidence that distress risk can explain the value premium.
Metabolic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea: A critical examination of underlying mechanisms

It has recently become clear that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is an independent risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome, a disorder of defective energy storage and use. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this finding, drawing upon the characteristics that define OSA. In particular, intermittent hypoxia, sleep fragmentation, elevated sympathetic tone, and oxidative stress – all consequences of OSA – have been implicated in the progression of poor metabolic outcomes in OSA. In this review we examine the evidence to support each of these disease manifestations of OSA as a unique risk for metabolic dysfunction. Tissue hypoxia and sleep fragmentation are each directly connected to insulin resistance and hypertension, and each of these also may increase sympathetic tone, resulting in defective glucose homeostasis, excessive lipolysis, and elevated blood pressure. Oxidative stress further worsens insulin resistance and in turn, metabolic dysfunction also increases oxidative stress. However, despite many studies linking each of these individual components of OSA to the development of metabolic syndrome, there are very few reports that actually provide a coherent narrative about the mechanism underlying metabolic dysfunction in OSA.
Aurora Kinase A is critical for the Nkx6.1 mediated β-cell proliferation pathway.

Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are ultimately characterized by depleted β-cell mass. Characterization of the molecular pathways that control β-cell proliferation could be harnessed to restore these cells. The homeobox β-cell transcription factor Nkx6.1 induces β-cell proliferation by activating the orphan nuclear receptors Nr4a1 and Nr4a3. Here, we demonstrate that Nkx6.1 localizes to the promoter of the mitotic kinase AURKA (Aurora Kinase A) and induces its expression. Adenovirus mediated overexpression of AURKA is sufficient to induce proliferation in primary rat islets while maintaining glucose stimulated insulin secretion. Furthermore, AURKA is necessary for Nkx6.1 mediated β-cell proliferation as demonstrated by shRNA mediated knock down and pharmacological inhibition of AURKA kinase activity. AURKA preferentially induces DNA replication in β-cells as measured by BrdU incorporation, and enhances the rate of histone H3 phosphorylation in primary β-cells, demonstrating that AURKA induces the replicative an...
Radiatively generated fermion masses in SU(4) x SU(2)L x SU(2)R.

We propose a model based on the gauge group SU(4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2${)}_{\mathit{L}}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}SU(2${)}_{\mathit{R}}$ where the Dirac masses of all the known fermions are generated as one-loop radiative corrections. We are able to generate realistic quark and lepton masses and mixings without a large hierarchy of Yukawa couplings or extra symmetries. The neutrino masses, which are seesaw suppressed, lie in the mass range favored to solve the solar neutrino problem. The importance of threshold corrections to tree-level mass relations in certain nonsupersymmetric GUT's is demonstrated. \textcopyright{} 1995 The American Physical Society.
Women's satisfaction with their mammography experience: results of a qualitative study.

ABSTRACT Objective: Many steps in getting a mammogram may produce a less than satisfactory experience. Dissatisfaction with mammography could lead to lower routine mammography adherence. The purpose of this study was to use qualitative research methods to assess patient satisfaction with all stages of the mammography experience. Methods: Eleven focus groups were conducted with 103 women in rural (N=6) and urban (N=5) communities. Separate groups were held for African-American, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic women. Participants spoke English, were 40 years of age or older, had a mammogram within the past three years, and had no history of cancer. Transcripts were analyzed for major themes related to mammography satisfaction. Results: Participants described 39 variables that affected their mammography satisfaction that may be categorized into seven primary themes: (1) appointment scheduling, (2) facility, (3) general exam, (4) embarrassment, (5) exam discomfort/pain, (6) treatment by the technologist, and...
Data-model fusion to better understand emerging pathogens and improve infectious disease forecasting

Ecologists worldwide are challenged to contribute solutions to urgent and pressing environmental problems by forecasting how populations, communities, and ecosystems will respond to global change. Rising to this challenge requires organizing ecological information derived from diverse sources and formally assimilating data with models of ecological processes. The study of infectious disease has depended on strategies for integrating patterns of observed disease incidence with mechanistic process models since John Snow first mapped cholera cases around a London water pump in 1854. Still, zoonotic and vector-borne diseases increasingly affect human populations, and methods used to successfully characterize directly transmitted diseases are often insufficient. We use four case studies to demonstrate that advances in disease forecasting require better understanding of zoonotic host and vector populations, as well of the dynamics that facilitate pathogen amplification and disease spillover into humans. In each case study, this goal is complicated by limited data, spatiotemporal variability in pathogen transmission and impact, and often, insufficient biological understanding. We present a conceptual framework for data-model fusion in infectious disease research that addresses these fundamental challenges using a hierarchical state-space structure to (1) integrate multiple data sources and spatial scales to inform latent parameters, (2) partition uncertainty in process and observation models, and (3) explicitly build upon existing ecological and epidemiological understanding. Given the constraints inherent in the study of infectious disease and the urgent need for progress, fusion of data and expertise via this type of conceptual framework should prove an indispensable tool.
Comment on "ApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear β-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models".

Cramer et al. (Reports, 23 March 2012, p. 1503; published online 9 February 2012) demonstrates short-term bexarotene treatment clearing preexisting β-amyloid deposits from the brains of APP/PS1ΔE9 mice with low amyloid burden, providing a rationale for repurposing this anticancer agent as an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) therapeutic. Using a nearly identical treatment regimen, we were unable to detect any evidence of drug efficacy despite demonstration of target engagement.
Altered responses to dizocilpine maleate administration in ethanol-withdrawn male and female rats

Dizocilpine maleate (MK-801) is a highly potent, noncompetitive N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist. Although it has been suggested that dizocilpine may be beneficial in alleviating some symptoms of ethanol withdrawal, a rigorous evaluation of beneficial versus detrimental (phencyclidine-like) actions has not been done. The objective of the present investigation was to explore whether dizocilpine protects against ethanol withdrawal–induced increases in seizure susceptibility without being compromised by its phencyclidine-like behavioral actions. The effects of dizocilpine were assessed by using seizure threshold determinations and scoring of open field behaviors. Low dose dizocilpine administration preferentially protected against bicuculline seizure induction in ethanol-withdrawn female rats when compared with findings in ethanol-withdrawn male rats. In contrast, we found dramatic reductions in dizocilpine-induced open field behaviors during ethanol withdrawal in both male and female rats compared with findings for pair-fed control animals. [3H]MK-801 binding analysis ruled out changes in cerebral cortex or hippocampus receptor density or affinity as having a primary role in these differential responses. Taken together, our findings from these studies indicate that there are complex neuroadaptations in NMDA receptor systems after persistent ethanol exposure, manifested as either enhanced or reduced responses, depending on the measure used.
Gestural behavioral implementation on a humanoid robotic platform for effective social interaction

The role of emotions in social scenarios is to provide an inherent mode of communication between two parties. When emotions are properly employed and understood, people are able to respond appropriately, which further enhances the social interaction. Ultimately, effective emotion execution in social settings has the capability to build rapport, improve engagement, optimize learning, provide comfort, and increase overall likability. In this paper, we discuss associating dominant emotions of effective social interaction to gestural behaviors on a humanoid robotic platform. Studies with 13 participants interacting with the robot show that by integrating key principles related to the characteristics of happy and sad emotions, the intended emotion is perceived across all participants with 95.19% and 94.23% sensitivity, respectively.