cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling of junction formation and drive-in in ion implanted HgCdTe

N-on-p junction formation and drive-in in ion implanted Hg0.8Cd0.2Te photodiodes have been studied. A model of the junction formation and drive-in processes has been developed that accounts for the variations in injected Hg interstitial concentration, background point defect and extrinsic doping levels, sample geometry, and annealing conditions. The limiting mechanisms controlling junction drive-in were investigated using the model. Experimental data showed the junction drive-in rate was proportional to the square root of time, indicating a diffusion limited process. The diffusion limited process is the result of a solubility limit for the Hg interstitial concentration. This limit is approximately the same value as that obtained for Hg interstitials in Hg saturated Hg0.8Cd0.2Te in type conversion and self-diffusion experiments (DICI = 1.43 × 1013exp(−.457 eV/ kT)*PHg).
Community Nutrition Resources Developed for Low-Income Women

Abstract The purpose of this program is to develop a community approach to improve the nutrition behaviors of low-income women and their families who utilize the food stamp program in a rural county in Georgia. The program will impact three different groups within the rural county: low-income women and their families who utilize the food stamp program, food stamp and health professionals and community food and health related businesses and programs. The program seeks to 1) link clinic and community food resources, 2) empower existing local food stamp and health professionals, 3) provide training, protocols and framework for preventive nutrition education, disease prevention and health promotion, 4) create community based support for healthy eating by linking local food stamp and public health programs with local grocery stores, county extension service, churches, cable access stations, libraries, radio programs and restaurants. Group interviews, focus groups and health fairs were utilized to assess the community and localize the health promotion and disease prevention messages. Nutrition education tools have been developed using visual images and supporting text with literacy level of the 3 rd grade or lower. Internet support through E-mail has been established to provide daily immediate feedback and program updates to local health professionals. A program web has been developed to aid in the creation, storage, transfer and printing of nutrition tools. Non-traditional classrooms, radio, public television and program videos have been used to deliver the nutrition messages. Program evaluations have been conducted through focus groups, testimonials and class evaluation with food stamp recipients and local food stamp and health professionals. The program has been integrated into the local health department and family service programs and will continue under their direction.
A translator system for the MATLAB language

A whole-program MATLAB to C translation system is presented. The paper outlines the motivation for the problem, discusses the system's architecture, its features and limitations. The translator's operation is explained using an example input program. Details are given on how the system implements and specializes some of the language's built-in primitives. Finally, the paper reports measurements evaluating the execution time and memory usage of the translated sources, and the compilation time required for the translations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cloning, functional study and comparative mapping of Luzp2 to mouse Chromosome 7 and human Chromosome 11p13–11p14

A novel leucine-zipper gene, leucine zipper protein 2 (Luzp2), has been cloned as part of an aberrant deletion-fusion transcript in the chromosomal interval between Gas2 and Herc2 on mouse Chromosome 7 (Chr 7). Luzp2 is normally expressed only in brain and spinal cord. The human homolog of Luzp2 maps to Chr 11p13-11p14 by radiation-hybrid mapping and is deleted in some patients with Wilms tumor-Aniridia-Genitourinary anomalies-mental Retardation (WAGR) syndrome. Disruption of Luzp2 by gene targeting in mice did not result in any obvious abnormal phenotypes.
Effects of User Request Patterns on a Multimedia Delivery System

Because of their size, service times, and drain on server resources, multimedia objects require specialized replication systems in order to meet demand and ensure content availability. We present a novel method for creating replication systems where the replicated objects' sizes and/or per-object service times are large. Such replication systems are well-suited to delivering multimedia objects on the Internet. Assuming that user request patterns to the system are known, we show how to create replication systems that distribute read load to servers in proportion to their contribution to system capacity and experimentally show the positive load distribution properties of such systems. However, when user request patterns differ from what the system was designed for, system performance will be affected. Therefore, we also report on results that reveal (i) how server loads are affected and (ii) the impact two system design parameters (indicators of a system's load distribution qualities) have on server load when request patterns differ from that for which a system was designed.
Three-dimensional mesoscale model for the simulation of LER in photoresists

A three-dimensional kinetic Monte Carlo model has been developed to simulate design and processing effects on the line edge roughness and patterning of photoresists. The model is capable of simulating most all of the important parameters involved in resist processing from film formation and exposure to development. It can be used to examine the effect of photoacid generator loading, photoacid diffusion, deprotection reaction, quencher loading, base diffusion, and acid/base reactions, with the flexibility to add more physics as needed. The model is able to reproduce experimentally observed trends of the effect of base loading on LER through all levels of base loading and the effect of reduced aerial image contrast on the LER of resists. It also shows good agreement with experimental results on the effect of PAG loading through around 20% PAG loading. The scaling factors for LER were also examined. It was found that the gradient in polymer protection (dP/dx) provides a very good predictor for LER in some cases, but is insufficient for other conditions when the dominant cause of LER changes such as non-uniformity along the line edge from things like PAG or polymer aggregation.
Active site contributions to fluorescein binding determined by in vitro heavy and light chain reassociations.

In addition to prior crystallographic studies that determined antigen contact residues for high affinity murine monoclonal anti-fluorescein (F1) antibody 4-4-20 (ATa = 1.7 × 1010 M−1), primary structure comparisons revealed idiotyplcally cross-reactive monoclonal anti-F1 antibody 9–40 (Ka = 5.7 × 107 M−1) possessed identical F1 contact residues with the exception of L34 His for Arg. Mab 9–40 L34 His was germ-line encoded and 4-4-20 L34 Arg correlated with increased 4-4-20 affinity and enhanced F1 quenching. To better define L34 Arg and L96 Trp contributions to antigen binding, in vitro H and L chain reassociation experiments were performed. Following reassociations, affinity purified and homologous chain reassociated proteins 4-4-20 (H4-4-20) and 9−40 (H9–40L9–40) yielded identical idiotypes (>91% related), Qmax values (91% and 44.7%), affinity constants (~2.0 × 1010 M−1 and 5.5 × 107 M−1) and iodide quenching values (1.2% and 2.1%), respectively. Although heterologous reassociated proteins were idiotyplcally related to prototyplc proteins (>87.1%), differences in F1-binding characteristics were observed. Recombinant H4-4-20 L9-40 expressed Ka and Qmax values similar to 9–40 and implicated L34 Arg in increased 4-4-20 Ka and Qmax. Residue L34 Arg replacement in the 9–40 active site (H9-40L4-4-20), however, exhibited low Qmax (44.4%) and slightly increased affinity (3.7 × 108 M−1). In addition, L96 Leu substitution into 4-4-20 (H4-4-20L04-01) and 9-40 (H9-40L04-01) resulted in lower Qmax values (15.1% and 20.5%, respectively) and significantly reduced F1 affinity (~ 103-fold). These results demonstrated: (1) L34 Arg was responsible for increased 4-4-20 affinity, (2) L96 Trp was critical for an intermediate F1 affinity (~ 107 M−1) and (3) active site F1 contact residue orientations were potentially affected by differences in H chain complementarity-determining region 3 and CH1 residues.
Molecular motion in zinc hydrazone grid complexes

Four new grid forming hydrazone ligands substituted with methoxy and dimethylamino groups were synthesised. Combination of these ligands with zinc triflate in acetonitrile resulted in self-assembly to form grids as indicated by 1H NMR and ES-MS. 1H NMR also showed thermally induced rotation of the intercalated phenyl ring in both the new grids, and in three previously reported grid compounds. Of these seven, five were amenable to study by variable temperature 1H NMR. Though the observed rates varied by more than an order of magnitude depending upon ligand structure and level of deprotonation, activation energies were similar (∼60 kJ/mol) for all complexes studied. This suggests a model in which dissociation of the central pyrimidine ligand precedes phenyl group rotation with an enthalpy of dissociation near zero. The rate of rotation of the phenyl ring increases with an introduction of electron-donating substituents on the phenyl ring, possibly due to an increased repulsion between π systems.
β-Glucuronidase activity in the serum and liver of rats treated with parathion

Abstract Rats of either sex were administered 0.25, 0.50, or 1.0 mg/kg parathion daily for 4, 10, or 15 days. Twenty-four hours after the last administered dose, serum β-glucuronidase (β-Glu) activity in the females was increased above control activity at each time period and at each parathion dose, with the greatest increase after 15-day administration. In the males, activity was increased only after 15-day treatment. There was decreased β-Glu activity in liver at all timeperiods; the decrease was approximately the same for both sexes and was not dose-related. Serum cholinesterase in the females was inhibited after 4, 10, and 15 days of parathion administration; in the males the enzyme was significantly inhibited only after 10 and 15 days. In both sexes, the amount of inhibition was dose-related. Liver sections from these rats were examined histochemically for β-Glu activity with 6-bromo-2-naphthyl-β- d -glucopyruronoside as substrate. The β-Glu staining was less in all the sections from parathion-treated rats at each dose and each time period than in the sections from control livers. Paraoxon, Banol, and Mobam in concentrations of 4 × 10 −4 to 4 × 10 −6 m were used in studies of the in vitro β-Glu activity of rat serum and of liver homogenates. No changes in activity were noted.
Facilitating children's accurate responses: conversational rules and interview style

This study examined the effectiveness of teaching young children a set of social conversational rules as a method of reducing errors in children's memory reports. Forty children (aged 3 to 6 years) interacted with a confederate 'teaching assistant.' Three conversational rules were examined as possible means of decreasing inaccuracies. For comparison purposes, three placebo rules were also developed. To test the limitations of teaching young children a set of conversational rules, three interview styles (neutral, repetitive, accusatory) were used. Results indicated that children who received all three target rules provided a smaller proportion of incorrect responses than did children who received fewer target rules or than children in a placebo control group, regardless of interview style. Theoretical and applied issues are discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
The Little Woman Meets Son of DSM-III

The author discusses conceptual problems in psychiatry, illustrated by a debate over inclusion of a new disorder, masochistic personality disorder, in DSM-III-R, the manual of psychiatric diagnoses. While the DSM committee has attempted to avoid assumptions about theory and values in an attempt to be scientific, this has proved impossible, as theory is an integral part of scientific observation and values are a prerequisite for any judgement. The foundation for psychiatry cannot be theory-it can only be patient need.
Induction of proliferative lesions of the uterus, testes, and liver in Swiss mice given repeated injections of sodium arsenate : Possible estrogenic mode of action

Abstract Inorganic arsenic (As) is a human carcinogen but has not been unequivocally proven carcinogenic in rodents. For instance, one older study indicates that repeated iv injections of sodium arsenate might induce lymphomas in Swiss mice (58% incidence) (Osswald and Goerttler, Verh. Dtsch. Ges. Pathol. 55, 289–293, 1971), but it was considered inadequate for critical evaluation of carcinogenic potential largely because of issues in experimental design. Therefore, we studied repeated iv sodium arsenate injection and neoplastic response in male and female Swiss mice. Groups ( n = 25) of mice received sodium arsenate (0.5 mg/kg, iv) or saline (control) once/week for 20 weeks and were observed for a total of 96 weeks when the study ended. Differences in survival and body weights were unremarkable. In females, arsenate induced marked increases in the incidence and severity of cystic hyperplasia of the uterus compared against controls. Arsenate also was associated with a rare adenocarcinoma of the uterus. Hyperplastic uterine epithelium from arsenate-exposed animals showed strong positive immunostaining for the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). There was also an upregulation of estrogen receptor (ER) immunoreactive protein in the early lesions of uterine luminal and glandular hyperplasia, although a progressive decrease in its expression was seen in the severe hyperplastic or neoplastic epithelium. In common with the preneoplastic and neoplastic gynecological lesions in humans, the levels of immunoreactive inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and 3-nitrotyrosine-containing proteins were greater in the uterine hyperplastic epidermis and their intensity was positively correlated with the severity of the lesions. Arsenate-induced uterine hyperplastic lesions also showed a strong upregulation of cyclin D1, an estrogen-associated gene product essential for progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle. In other tissues, arsenate increased testicular interstitial cell hyperplasia incidence and severity over control but without affecting the incidence of tubular degeneration. Arsenate also induced increases in hepatic proliferative lesions (HPL; foci of alteration + neoplasia), but only in females. Significant skin changes (incidence of hyperkeratotic lesions) and renal lesions (severity of nephropathy) also occurred in arsenate-treated females. Thus, repeated arsenate exposure, though not outright tumorigenic in the present study, was associated with proliferative, preneoplastic lesions of the uterus, testes, and liver. Estrogen treatment has been associated with proliferative lesions and tumors of the uterus, female liver, and testes in other studies, supporting a hypothesis that arsenate might somehow act through an estrogenic mode of action.
Pain management in dermatologic procedures: before and after.

Background Periprocedural analgesic therapy is an often overlooked, but critical component of ensuring adequate surgical patient care and overall satisfaction with surgical outcomes. Adequate pain management requires thorough assessment of pain and complete knowledge and understanding of the various therapeutic agents available. Objectives To further the knowledge and understanding of current strategies in pain management. Methods A literature review was conducted through PubMed to define current pain assessment and management strategies. Results and Conclusions Appropriate pain assessment leads to the selection of optimal pharmacologic options for pain control in the acute postoperative setting.
The Not-So Rosy Periwinkle: Political Dimensions of Medicinal Plant Research

As pharmaceutical companies and conservation groups increasingly recognize the biomedical and economic potential of indigenous medicines from tropical rainforests, romanticized stereotypes of rainforest medicines as inherently beneficial abound. These ideas fail to take into consideration the question of why those living in the rainforest need medicines, and whether or not “traditional” medicines are a “choice” to those who do not have access to pharmaceutical medicines. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of how the study and practice of commodifying indigenous medicines has tended to exclude the structural factors shaping their use in indigenous communities, drawing on 14 months’ ethnographic research on access to medicines near the Ranomafana National Park in southeastern Madagascar. I suggest that researchers and practitioners of conservation and development consider the ways in which “modernizing” tropical rainforest communities shapes patterns of health and illness unevenly, thereby contributing to changing medical “traditions.”
Differential genic activity in Paramecium aurelia.

An autoradiographic analysis of macromolecular syntheses in the micronucleus of Paramecium aurelia was undertaken to discover whether the micronucleus was completely inert. There is a distinctive temporal ordering of micronuclear macromolecular synthesis during the fission cycle. DNA synthesis is limited to the 47-69% portion of the fission cycle. There is an initiation of a rise in RNA and protein synthesis that precedes DNA synthesis. Between 45-65% of the fission cycle, all three biosyntheses are concomitant and reach maximal activity. Cells with micronuclei but no macronucleus were obtained by employing the “amac” mutant. Micronuclei in amacronucleate cells were able to synthesize RNA. Pulse labeling experiments provided evidence that the micronucleus synthesizes RNA in situ. Actinomycin D inhibits micronuclear RNA and DNA synthesis temporarily, whereas micronuclear protein synthesis is hardly affected. Chloramphenicol delays the onset of micronuclear DNA biosynthesis and blocks the rise in RNA synthesis; micronuclear protein synthesis is reduced but never to an undetectable level. The data suggests that RNA and protein syntheses are required for the initiation of micronuclear DNA synthesis. The micronucleus shows an enhanced rate of RNA synthesis during serotype transformation. To test for genic activity in the micronucleus heterocaryons were constructed. When certain genes are present in the micronucleus only, they are not able to efficiently support the phenotype which these genes control when they are present in the macronucleus. It is concluded that the micronucleus is not a completely inert nucleus.
The liver-spleen scan as a quantitative liver function test : correlation with liver severity at peritoneoscopy

Sulfur colloid distribution on liver-spleen scan is determined by the perfused Kupffer cell mass. The perfused Kupffer cell mass is proportional to the perfused hepatocyte mass, but is less affected by acute changes in hepatocyte function. Thus, sulfur colloid distribution parameters (precisely measured by quantitative liver-spleen scan [QLSS]) may be an excellent test of the perfused hepatic mass. Although no gold standard exists for confirmation, a close correlation should exist between liver disease severity assessed at peritoneoscopy and sulfur colloid distribution. Peritoneoscopy severity (scored as total peritoneoscopy score [PS]; range, 0-5) was assessed in 76 patients who also had QLSS. Multivariate equation were generated to estimate liver disease severity from the QLSS. These were then applied prospectively in 20 consecutive patients to validate these equations. In 76 patients, 62 were evaluated because of chronic liver disease (CLD) and included those with micronodular (20) and macronodular (20) cirrhosis with various degrees of severity (Child's A, 16; B, 29; C, 17). Multivariate analysis yielded a number of combinations of QLSS parameters that correlated with peritoneoscopic severity. These equations were used to estimate liver disease severity. Estimates of liver disease severity (estimated PS [EPS]) correlated well with the PS in these 76 patients (r = .9064; r2 = .8216; P < .0001). Adding histological fibrosis to the QLSS parameters yields an equation for estimating PS that was even more effective (r = .9462; r2 = .8953; P < .001). However, validation of multivariate equations requires confirmation of their value in a second population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Examination of a Telephone-Based Exercise Intervention for the Prevention of Postpartum Depression: Design, Methodology, and Baseline Data from The Healthy Mom Study

Research indicates that exercise is an efficacious intervention for depression among adults; however, little is known regarding its efficacy for preventing postpartum depression. The Healthy Mom study was a randomized controlled trial examining the efficacy of an exercise intervention for the prevention of postpartum depression. Specifically, postpartum women with a history of depression or a maternal family history of depression (n=130) were randomly assigned to a telephone-based exercise intervention or a wellness/support contact control condition each lasting six months. The exercise intervention was designed to motivate postpartum women to exercise based on Social Cognitive Theory and the Transtheoretical Model. The primary dependent variable was depression based on the Structured Clinical Diagnostic Interview (SCID). Secondary dependent variables included scores on the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, the PHQ-9, and the Perceived Stress Scale. The purpose of this paper is to describe the study design, methodology, and baseline data for this trial. Upon completion of the trial, the results will yield important information about the efficacy of exercise in preventing postpartum depression.
Faculty Performance on the Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory

Purpose To use the newly developed Genomic Nursing Concept Inventory (GNCI) to evaluate faculty understanding of foundational genomic concepts, explore relative areas of strength and weakness, and compare the results with those of a student sample. Design An anonymous online survey instrument consisting of demographic or background items and the 31 multiple-choice questions that make up the GNCI was completed by 495 nursing faculty from across the United States in the fall of 2014. Methods Total GNCI score and scores on four subcategories (genome basics, mutations, inheritance, genomic health) were calculated. Relationships between demographic or background variables and total GNCI score were explored. Findings The mean score on the GNCI was 14.93 (SD = 5.31), or 48% correct; topical category scores were highest on the inheritance and genomic health items (59% and 58% correct, respectively), moderate on the mutations items (54% correct), and lowest on the genome basics items (33% correct). These results are strikingly similar to those of a recent study of nursing students. Factors associated with a higher total score on the GNCI included higher self-rated proficiency with genetic/genomic content, having a doctoral degree, having taken a genetics course for academic credit or continuing education, and having taught either a stand-alone genetic/genomic course or lecture content as part of nursing or related course. Self-rated proficiency with genetic/genomic content was fair or poor (70%), with only 7% rating their proficiency as very good or excellent. Conclusions Faculty knowledge of foundational genomic concepts is similar to that of the students they teach and weakest in the areas related to basic science information. Clinical Relevance Genomics is increasingly relevant in all areas of clinical nursing practice, and the faculty charged with educating the next generation of nurses must understand foundational concepts. Faculty need to be proactive in seeking out relevant educational programs that include basic genetic/genomic concepts.
Occurrence of Bitumen in Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia

Bitumen is found in calcite veins near volcanic rocks and in amygdules in andesite and basalt of Tertiary age on Graham, Tar, and Moresby islands of the Queen Charlotte group.
Implementing New Practices: An Empirical Study of Organizational Learning in Hospital Intensive Care Units

This paper contributes to research on organizational learning by investigating specific learning activities undertaken by improvement project teams in hospital intensive care units and proposing an integrative model to explain implementation success. Organizational learning is important in this context because medical knowledge changes constantly and hospital care units must learn new practices if they are to provide high-quality care. To develop a model of factors affecting improvement project teams driving essential organizational learning in health care, we draw from three streams of related research---best-practice transfer (BPT), team learning (TL), and process change (PC). To test the model's hypotheses, we collected data from 23 neonatal intensive care units seeking to implement new or improved practices. We first analyzed the frequency of specific learning activities reported by improvement project participants and discovered two distinct factors: learn-what (activities that identify current best practices) and learn-how (activities that operationalize practices in a given setting). Next, ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses supported three of our four hypotheses. Specifically, a high level of supporting evidence for a unit's portfolio of improvement projects was associated with implementation success. Learn-how was positively associated with implementation success, but learn-what was not. Psychological safety was associated with learn-how, which was found to mediate between psychological safety and implementation success.
Disruptions and satisfaction in internal medicine resident continuity clinic differ between inpatient and outpatient rotations.

Abstract Background: Little is known about whether assignment to simultaneous inpatient and outpatient clinical duties causes disruptions during internal medicine resident continuity clinic and impacts trainee satisfaction. Purpose: Our purpose was to determine whether dual inpatient and continuity clinic responsibilities impact resident stress and document the number, type, and immediacy of interruptions in continuity clinics. Methods: Methods included a prospective 2-residency survey of 70 internal medicine residents performing 240 half-day continuity clinic sessions. Results: More than half (52%) of trainees on inpatient rotations felt pressured to return to their ward duties. Half (50%) of residents thought clinic increased work hours, and the majority (70%) did not think continuity clinic detracted from their education on inpatient or elective rotations. Disturbances were more likely to occur on inpatient rotations (odds ratio 4.52, 95% confidence interval = 2.29-8.92) than on outpatient rotations. T...
Geometric effects on surface roughness in electrodeposition

Our aim is to understand the early stages of roughness growth in electrodeposition. We present a study of the branching of steady planar electrode surfaces to steady non-planar electrode surfaces as the voltage imposed at a cathode is decreased through its critical value. We aim to discover the type of branching and to learn whether or not the new branches can be detected by measuring the current. The cross-sectional shape of the electrode makes a difference. Circular electrodes lead to transcritical branching; ordinarily, rectangular electrodes lead to a pitchfork, sometimes forward and sometimes backward.
Effect of high-carbohydrate or high-cis-monounsaturated fat diets on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of intervention trials

Background: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)dietisrecommendedtomanagebloodpressure.TheDASH diet is low in saturated fat, but it is not clear whether saturated fat should be preferentially replaced with carbohydrate or unsaturated fat, especially cis-monounsaturated fat. Objective:Ameta-analysisofinterventionstudiescomparinghighcarbohydrateandhigh-cis-monounsaturatedfatdietswasconducted to increase understanding of the effect of carbohydrate and cismonounsaturated fat on blood pressure. Design:For study diets to be included in the analysis, they had to be isoenergetic,andthesubjects’bodyweighthadtoremainstable.Ten studies (6 randomized crossover, 1 randomized parallel, and 3 nonrandomized) met the inclusion criteria. Results: According to the random-effects model, which incorporatesbetween-studyvariationtoestimatetheoveralleffect,dietsrich in carbohydrate resulted in significantly higher systolic blood pressure [x difference: 2.6 (95% CI: 0.4, 4.7) mm Hg; P 0.02] and diastolic blood pressure [1.8 (0.01, 3.6) mm Hg; P 0.05] than did diets rich in cis-monounsaturated fat. When the meta-analysis was limited to randomized crossover studies, both systolic [1.3 (0.3, 2.9) mm Hg; P 0.11] and diastolic [0.9 (0.2, 2.1) mm Hg; P 0.11]bloodpressurewerehigherwithahigh-carbohydratethanwith a high cis-monounsaturated fat diet, but the differences were not significant. Conclusions: Diets rich in carbohydrate may be associated with slightlyhigherbloodpressurethandietsrichincis-monounsaturated fat. However, the magnitude of the difference may not justify making recommendations to alter the carbohydrate and cismonounsaturated fat content of the diet to manage blood pressure. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:1251–6.
Statistical evaluation of the VAN Method using the historic earthquake catalog in Greece

A statistical test of the VAN method compares its prediction rate (number of successful predictions divided by the total number of predictions issued) between 1987 and 1989 to that from randomly sampling the earthquake catalog. Unlike previous tests, this one samples distributions derived from the historic spatial and magnitude distribution between 1960 and 1985. The VAN method yields a prediction rate of 67.9% at a time delay of 22 days, which is achievable in less than 0.06% (P-value ≤ 0.06%) of the realizations in randomly sampling the full NEIC catalog (37.2% mean prediction rate). VAN's prediction rate drops to 66.7% with aftershocks removed from the catalog and prediction list, which is still significant at a p-value of less than 0.1%. With an alternate aftershock model, the prediction rate drops to 48.0%. This latter value is significant only for P-values less than 7.96%. We conclude from these tests that the VAN method is formally significant at a time lag of 22 days.
Response of barley to grasshopper defoliation in interior Alaska: dry matter and grain yield.

Barley, Hordeum vulgare L., is well adapted to subarctic Alaska growing conditions, but little is known about its response to grasshopper defoliation. A field experiment was conducted to study dry matter and grain yield in response to a combination of grasshopper defoliation and weeds in 2002 and 2003 near Delta Junction, AK (63° 55′ N, 145° 20′ W). Barley plants at third to fourth leaf stage were exposed to a combination of two levels of weeds (present or absent) and four densities of grasshoppers (equivalent to 0, 25, 50, and 75 grasshoppers per m2) of third to fourth instars of Melanoplus sanguinipes (F). Dry matter accumulation by the barley plants was determined at three times during the growing seasons: ≈10 d after introduction of the grasshoppers, shortly after anthesis, and at maturity. Dry matter accumulation and grain yield were much lower in 2003 than in 2002, probably due to very low levels of soil moisture early in the growing season of 2003. Head clipping accounted for a greater portion of yield loss in 2003 than in 2002. The percentage of reduction in harvestable yield due to grasshoppers remained fairly constant between years (1.9 and 1.4 g per grasshopper per m2 in 2002 and 2003, respectively) despite a large difference in overall yield. Examination of the yield components suggest that yields were reduced by the early season drought in 2003 primarily through fewer seeds per head, whereas grasshoppers in both years reduced average seed weight, but not numbers of seeds.
Smart Projectile Parameter Estimation Using Meta-Optimization

Parameter estimation and system identification of smart projectiles is an important and commonly used industrial tool. Existing methods rely on good initial estimates of the parameters to avoid loc...
On Modeling and Robust Control of ARES

This paper presents the development of a mathematical model and controller of the Aerial Regional-scale Environmental Survey of Mars (ARES) aircraft. This paper also presents the implementation of the model and control system in software. The team consisted of two advisors and four graduate students. A detailed model of the Mars airplane was developed using Simulink. The specications for the aerodynamic data, atmosphere, and gravitational model were supplied by the Mathworks Inc. The purpose of this mission is to explore a region of the Martian atmosphere. This scouting mission will provide high-value science measurements. The objective of this project was to develop a model for the ARES aircraft and design a control system to achieve or surpass the given control performance requirements. The primary deliverable for this challenge is a set of C-language source code les that implement the control system given the constraints furnished in this request.
Stroke in Patients with HIV Infection: Is It Different? (P01.246)

Objective: To describe epidemiological and clinical characteristics of stroke in HIV patients. Background Incidence of stroke in HIV population in United States is increasing over the last 2 decades. Antiretroviral therapy, metabolic syndrome, vasculopathy, and coagulopathy are thought to be factors causing premature strokes in HIV infected individuals. Design/Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with a primary diagnosis of stroke and concurrent diagnosis of HIV or AIDS admitted to a comprehensive stroke center between 2005 and 2011 was performed. Results: Out of 1679 admissions with acute stroke we identified 43 patients (32 males and 11 females) with concurrent diagnosis of HIV. Mean age was 53 years old. All 43 patients had ischemic strokes confirmed by imaging. Eighteen patients (42%) were on HAART prior to stroke onset. Large vessel atherosclerosis was found in 20 patients (46.5%), small vessel occlusion in 18 (41.8%), cardioembolism in 3 (6.9%), 2 were cryptogenic (4.7%). Ten patients (23%) had recurrent strokes in the same or different vascular territories. CD4 count was available in 37 patients; 19 had CD4 >200 and 18 had CD4 Conclusions: Risk factors and morphological characteristics of stroke in patients with HIV tend to be similar to those in general population, yet they develop stroke at younger age. Immune status might not be a determining factor. Small sample size and retrospective nature of the study are major limiting factors in our analysis. Further prospective study would be aimed to identify specific biomarkers for stroke risk in HIV patients. Disclosure: Dr. Shah has nothing to disclose. Dr. Walker has nothing to disclose. Dr. Nigo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Skliut has nothing to disclose.
An Exploratory Study Of The Attitudes Of Noncrippled Children Toward Crippled Children In Three Selected Elementary Schools

(1963). An Exploratory Study Of The Attitudes Of Noncrippled Children Toward Crippled Children In Three Selected Elementary Schools. The Journal of Experimental Education: Vol. 31, No. 4, pp. 381-387.
Active Damping of Fuel Slosh Using a Hybrid Magneto-Active Propellant Management Device

Sloshing of liquid upon the application of an external force is a natural phenomenon as the free surface is allowed to move without any constraints. When the liquid is contained within the walls of a container, such as a fuel tank of a car, oil tanker ship, or even a rocket propellant, this free surface effect can prove to have adverse effects on the carrier. Study of slosh is an ongoing research for many decades and many novel inventions in Propellant Management Devices such as the rigid baffles and elastomeric membranes have been implemented to counteract the free surface effect in both passive and active manner. The main focus of this research is to develop and test the hybrid active membrane in reducing the free surface effect in slosh. This paper discusses the selection of materials for developing the hybrid active membrane. In order to validate the concept, design and modal analysis of the membrane matrix is performed computationally using Finite Element analysis and Fluid Structure Interaction is carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics.
ACTIVE AND PASSIVE MOVEMENT IN THE PRODUCTION OF KINESTHETIC TILT AFTER-EFFECTS

A number of recent studies both in vision (Held, 1961) and in audition (Freedman 8: Pfaff, 1962) have demonstrated that, during rearranged or disarranged sensory input, self-induced movement by the observer is necessary to modify his perceptual-motor coordination. This experiment was a preliminary attempt to test this finding for another sense modality, kinesthesis. Method.-Blindfolded Ss palpated an adjustable rod tilted 20" to the left or right of the vertical in the mid-line of the frontoparallel plane. Before and after each exposure S set the rod to apparent vertical four times. Each S parricipated in rwo experimental sessions consisting of an alternating series of 11 tests and 10 15-sec. exposures. In each session exposures alternated between: (1) active, S moved his arm and hand up and down along the rod at a fixed rate; and (2) passive, S's relaxed arm was fixed to a mechanical device which moved it along the same path. The results were analyzed by calculating the changes from pre- to post-exposure settings for each exposure and comparing each consecutive pair of active and passive changes induced by exposure. Re~u1ts.--Our hypothesis was that active exposures would produce larger tilt after-effects than would passive exposures. Six Ss had two sessions each, making 108 active-passive comparisons possible. In 67 of these, active exposure produced greater after-effects than passive exposure; 39 comparisons showed the reverse; and 2 showed no difference. Thus there was a significant (z = 3.62, p < .002:) difference berween the effects of active and passive movement in producing the kinesthetic tilt after-effect. This experiment extends the finding that self-induced observer movement produces greater perceptual alteration under atypical stimulation than does passive movement.
How do spanning external fixators on knee dislocation patients affect the use of MRI and knee stability

This study sought to determine the following: (1) Does the external fixator compromise quality of imaging obtained? (2) How do findings from the evaluation under anesthesia at the time of external fixator removal compare with the initial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings? This was a retrospective study of a consecutive patient series at an academic level 1 trauma center. There were 19 consecutive patients with traumatic knee dislocations and spanning external fixator applied. Each patient had a knee MRI with the external fixator in place and examination at the time of external fixator removal. A review of knee stability at the time of external fixator removal with physical examination and stress fluoroscopy were performed. Our study revealed only minor incidence of poorly visualized structures. Clinical stability was present after fixator removal in only 11 of 14 medial collateral ligament tears, 4 of 16 lateral collateral ligament tears, 1 of 19 anterior cruciate ligament tears and 3 of 19 posterior cruciate ligament tears. MRI is a useful imaging modality in the setting of knee dislocations placed in spanning external fixators. Patients' knees largely remain unstable after external fixator removal.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Adolescent Lifestyle Profile-Revised 2 for Middle Adolescents.

Background and purpose The purposes of this methodological study were to factor analyze the Adolescent Lifestyle Profile-Revised 2 (ALP-R2) and to assess construct validity of the instrument with a sample of middle adolescents. Methods A sample of 311 urban middle adolescents responded to the ALP-R2, to the Adolescent General Well-Being Questionnaire, and to the Anticipation of a Personal Future subscale on the Hopefulness Scale for Adolescents. Data obtained on the ALP-R2 were subjected to principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation. Results A 5-factor solution was accepted. Construct validity was provided by statistically significant positive correlations between the ALP-R2 and two theoretically relevant variables. Conclusion Based on the results of this study, the ALP-R2 is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing health-promoting lifestyle in adolescents.
Bulge cause analysis on the pass through parts of slurry circulating pump in a power plant in Henan

In inspection after running, some bulges on the surface of pass through parts of slurry circulating pump in FGD system were found in a power plant in Henan. In order to analyze the cause, the split was taken by chiseling the bulges, and then it was inspected by visual, stereoscope, SEM and EDS. By integrated analysis the ambient condition of equipment operation, the conclusion was reached: some material surface defects presented at the bulges area, which shaped a three-dimensional curved surface surrounding the bulges; corrosive ingredient corroded the defects and further developed a three-dimensional corrosion cracks by oxygen electrochemistry corrosion manner; the corrosion products concentrated and crystallized, built up stress to make the defect parts bulging, then the bulges and cracks were formed. According to the corrosion mechanism, some suggestions were presented, such as removing the bulges and corrosion products and making some antiseptic treatment to stop corrosion.
Hypertension in the elderly.

More than 50% of the U.S. population 65 years and older have elevated systolic pressure with or without elevated diastolic pressure—and thus in either case are at risk for cerebrovascular and cardiovascular sequelae. As therapy lowers diastolic pressure, however, mortality can increase, presumably when blood pressure is brought down to levels that compromise perfusion.
Primary care specialty selection: application of a vocational behavior theory.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This study was designed to determine whether medical school graduates who completed undergraduate degrees in particular college majors were more likely to enter primary care residencies. John L. Holland's theory of vocational personalities and work environments was used to cluster undergraduate disciplines sharing distinctive qualities. These clusters were evaluated to determine if graduates from similar fields were more likely to pursue residencies in family practice, general internal medicine, or general pediatrics. METHODS Students who graduated from US and Puerto Rican medical schools in 1987 were eligible for the study; college majors of 2,661 graduates entering primary care specialties were analyzed. RESULTS Students completing undergraduate studies in the following majors selected primary care residencies by a twofold difference over the expected frequency: agriculture, black studies, civil engineering, general studies, literature, occupational therapy, and speech. Chi-square tests revealed no differences across Holland types in the frequency with which science and nonscience students selected primary care residencies. CONCLUSIONS Primary care specialties tend to accommodate students from varied academic backgrounds and appear to be tolerant of individuals who have completed undergraduate course work in either bioscientific or biosocial nonscience disciplines.
TH‐AB‐207A‐06: The Use of Realistic Phantoms to Predict CT Dose to Pediatric Patients

Purpose: To predict pediatric patient dose from diagnostic CT scans using Monte Carlo simulation of realistic reference phantoms of various ages, weights, and heights. Methods: A series of deformable pediatric reference phantoms using Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) was developed for a large range of ages, percentiles, and reference anatomy. Individual bones were modeled using age-dependent factors, and red marrow was modeled as functions of age and spatial distribution based on Cristy1. Organ and effective doses for the phantom series were calculated using Monte Carlo simulation of chest, abdominopelvic, and chest-abdomen-pelvis CT exams. Non-linear regression was performed to determine the relationship between dose-length-product (DLP)-normalized organ and effective doses and phantom diameter. Patient-specific voxel computational phantoms were also created by manual segmentation of previously acquired CT images for 40 pediatric patients (0.7 to 17 years). Organ and effective doses were determined by Monte Carlo simulation of these patient-specific phantoms. Each patient was matched to the closest pediatric reference phantom based primarily on age and diameter for all major organs within the torso. Results: A total of 80 NURBS phantoms were created ranging from newborn to 15 years with height/weight percentiles from 10 to 90%. Organ and effective dose normalized by DLP correlated strongly with exponentially decreasing average phantom diameter (R2 > 0.95 for most organs). A similar relationship was determined for the patient-specific voxel phantoms. Differences between patient-phantom matched organ-dose values ranged from 0.37 to 2.39 mGy (2.87% to 22.1%). Conclusion: Dose estimation using NURBS-based pediatric reference phantoms offers the ability to predict patient dose before and after CT examinations, and physicians and scientists can use this information in their analysis of dose prescriptions for particular subjects and study types. This may lead to practices that minimize radiation dose while still achieving high quality images and, ultimately, improved patient care. NIH/NCI 1 R01 CA155400-01A1
Case 62: What Are the Safety Data for This Formulation?

You have just joined a department as an instructor. Several of the department’s members are studying an FDA-approved drug that is being used intrathecally for which you don’t think it is approved. You are asked to be involved.
A Preliminary Study on Breast Cancer Risk Analysis Using Deep Neural Network

Deep learning is a powerful tool in computer vision areas, but it is most effective when applied to large training sets. However, large dataset are not always available for medical images. In this study we proposed a new method to use deep neural network for near-term breast cancer risk analysis. In our data base, we have 420 cases with two sequential mammogram screenings, and half of the cases were diagnosed as positive in the second screening and the other half remained negative. Instead of using human designed features, we designed a deep neural network DNN with four pairs of convolution neural network and one fully connected layer. Every breast image were divided into 100 ROIs with 52 by 52 pixels, and each ROI were trained with the DNN individually, and the final predictions of each case were based on the overall risk scores of all the 100 ROIs. And the ROI based area under the curve AUC is 0.6982, and the case based AUC is 0.7173 using our proposed scheme. The results showed our proposed scheme is promising to apply deep learning algorithms in predicting near-term breast cancer risk with limited data size.