cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compound Multi-Frame Radar Waveforms

A radar pulse may be divided into multiple frames, where each frame can be independently modulated. Furthermore, echo signals can be processed against the individual frames. This allows overcoming traditional limits on the observable near range being constrained to the delay for the entire pulse.
NUCMC and the Local Repository

Familiarly known as NUCMC, the National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections was devised to provide information to the researcher about the location and character of manuscript collections in repositories throughout the United States. The eleventh volume in the series (1972) "brings the total number of collections described to date to 31,256, representing holdings in 883 repositories."1 This realization of a dream of historians, archivists, manuscript curators, and librarians, the National Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections had its beginnings with a grant of $200,000 from the Council on Library Resources in November 1958, and agreement by the Library of Congress to house the project.2 All of the earlier efforts to initiate a national register of manuscripts came to fruition. An essential element in the participation of the Library of Congress in this massive undertaking was the standardization of the information from all local repositories to make a truly national catalog. The Library of Congress made standardization a condition and then proceeded to make it a reality by publication of the Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in the Library of Congress: Manuscripts (1954).3 Robert H. Land's article on the Catalog in 1954 described the development of these rules.4 Land ended his article pointing out that "even if nothing more should come of our efforts than adoption of dur rules by repositories, the Library will have made a contribution towards the creation of a union catalog of manuscript collections by providing, as the first step, the means for nationwide uniformity in describing manuscripts."5 Paul S. Dunkin, foremost critic and teacher of American cataloging practice, has pointed out that standardization and simplification of cataloging rules result from
Stability of Three Forms of Feature Selection Methods on Software Engineering Data.

One of the major challenges when working with software metrics datasets is that some metrics may be redundant or irrelevant to software defect prediction. This may be addressed using feature (metric) selection, which chooses an appropriate subset of features for use in downstream computation. There are three major forms of feature selection: filter-based feature rankers, which uses statistical measures to assign a score to each feature and present the user with a ranked list; filter-based subset evaluation, which uses statistical measures on feature subsets to find the best choice; and wrapper-based subset selection, which builds classification models using different subsets to find the one which maximizes performance. Software practitioners are interested in which feature selection methods are best at providing the most stable feature subset in the face of changes to the data (here, the addition or removal of instances). In this study we select feature subsets using fifteen feature selection methods and then use our newly proposed Average Pairwise Tanimoto Index (APTI) to evaluate the stability of feature selection methods. We evaluate the stability of feature selection methods on a pair of subsamples generated by fixed-overlap partitions algorithm. Four different levels of overlap are considered in this study. Four software metric datasets from a real-world software project are used in this study. Results demonstrate that ReliefF (RF) is the most stable feature selection method and wrapper based feature subset selection shows least stability. In addition, as the overlap of partitions increased, the stability of the feature selection strategies increased.
Management Strategies for Skull Base Inverted Papilloma

ObjectiveInverted papilloma attached to the ventral skull base presents a surgical dilemma because surgical removal of the bony pedicle is critical to decrease risk of recurrence. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic management of skull base inverted papilloma.Study DesignCase series with planned data collection.SettingTertiary medical center.SubjectsPatients with skull base inverted papilloma.MethodsOver 7 years, 49 patients with skull base inverted papilloma were referred for surgical resection. Demographics, operative technique, pathology, complications, recurrence, and postoperative follow-up were evaluated.ResultsAverage age at presentation was 57 years. Twenty-six patients (53%) had prior attempts at resection elsewhere, and 5 had squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) arising in an inverted papilloma. Six patients (12%) suffered major complications, including skull base osteomyelitis in 2 previously irradiated patients, cerebrospinal fluid leak with pneumocephalus (n =...
CASE RECORDS of the MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. Case 25-2015. An 8-Year-Old Girl with a Chest-Wall Mass and a Pleural Effusion.

An 8-year-old girl with placement of a long-term tracheostomy tube presented with a chest-wall mass. Imaging studies revealed a soft-tissue mass, a pleural effusion, and pulmonary consolidation. A diagnostic procedure was performed.
Ultrasonic-attenuation measurements in single-phased YBa2

Ultrasonic attenuation at 15 MHz have been measured between 300 K and liquid-helium temperatures on a single-phased ${\mathrm{Y}}_{1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ sample with a 91-K superconducting transition temperature. The attenuation data show similarities to the behavior of heavy-fermion superconductors, with a local maximum just below ${T}_{c}$ and a nearly quadratic dependence of the attenuation at lower temperatures. At higher temperatures there is evidence for a relaxation maximum at 252 K, with an effective relaxation time of 1.1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}8}$ s.
Microstructured Films Formed on Liquid Substrates via Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition of Cross-Linked Polymers

We studied the formation of microstructured films at liquid surfaces via vapor phase polymerization of cross-linked polymers. The films were composed of micron-sized coral-like structures that originate at the liquid—vapor interface and extend vertically. The growth mechanism of the microstructures was determined to be simultaneous aggregation of the polymer on the liquid surface and wetting of the liquid on the growing aggregates. We demonstrated that we can increase the height of the microstructures and increase the surface roughness of the films by either decreasing the liquid viscosity or decreasing the polymer deposition rate. Our vapor phase method can be extended to synthesize functional, free-standing copolymer microstructured thin films for potential applications in tissue engineering, electrolyte membranes, and separations.
Retention of Aversively Motivated Behavior

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews all the experimental work on retention of aversively motivated behavior. It is apparent that the U-shaped retention function is a reliable and reproducible effect that occurs under remarkably varied circumstances. The U-shaped retention function has now been obtained under a wide variety of conditions so that its generality and reproducibility are beyond question. But the function has resisted analysis, and only a few of its determining variables have been identified. The chapter explores what is known about the phenomenon so that the range of conditions under which the function is obtained and the variables that control it can be specified as completely as current research permits. It also reviews theoretical analyses of the phenomenon and discusses some relationships between pituitary and adrenal activity and retention. It also examines the current status of the hypothesis that temporal changes in pituitary–adrenal activity mediate the U-shaped retention function. This hormonal system seems to have the required properties for that mediation, and it appears that fear conditioning could result in an epinephrine-induced period of pituitary inhibition of adrenocorticotropic hormone release that may be associated with poor retention at intermediate intervals.
An Examination of Methods Used to Teach Practice Strategies in the College Voice Studio.

This study investigated collegiate voice instructors’ approaches for teaching practice strategies to their students. Voice instructors (N = 46) from accredited institutions in three Midwestern stat...
Resolution of donor non-alcoholic fatty liver disease following liver transplantation.

Introduction Transplant surgeons conventionally select against livers displaying high degrees (>30%) of macrosteatosis (MaS), out of concern for primary non-function or severe graft dysfunction. As such, there is relatively limited experience with such livers, and the natural history remains incompletely characterized. We present our experience of transplanted livers with high degrees of MaS and microsteatosis (MiS), with a focus on the histopathologic and clinical outcomes. Methods 29 cases were identified with liver biopsies available from both the donor and the corresponding liver transplant recipient. Donor liver biopsies displayed either MaS or MiS ≥ 15%, while all recipients received postoperative liver biopsies for cause. Results The mean donor MaS and MiS were 15.6% (range 0-60%) and 41.3% (7.5-97.5%) respectively. MaS decreased significantly from donor (M=15.6%) to recipient postoperative biopsies (M=0.86%), p < 0.001. Similarly, MiS decreased significantly from donor biopsies (M=41.3%) to recipient postoperative biopsies (M=1.8%), p < 0.001. At a median of 68 days postoperatively (range 4-384), full resolution of MaS and MiS was observed in 27/29 recipients. Conclusions High degrees of MaS and MiS in donor livers resolve in recipients following liver transplantation. Further insight into the mechanisms responsible could translate to therapeutic targets for treating fatty liver diseases. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Trends in open abdominal exposure among vascular surgery trainees.

Abstract Background This retrospective study evaluates the trends in open abdominal surgery cases among integrated vascular surgery residents compared with their 5 + 2 counterparts. Methods The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) case logs between 2007 and 2016 were collected from a pool of 9861 residents and fellows from 371 institutions. Trainees were grouped into three categories: general surgery residency (GSR), integrated vascular surgery residency (IVSR), and vascular surgery fellowship in the United States. Inclusion criteria were specific to open abdominal cases of or including the anatomy adjacent to the aorta performed by the surgeon chief. Results The 5 + 2 graduates have obtained significantly more open vascular surgery training experience than their IVSR graduate counterparts ( P P P P P Conclusions Up to 2016, graduates of the 5 + 2 vascular training pathway had significantly higher open abdominal exposure than those of the IVSR track. However, graduates of the IVSR track had significantly higher open AAA exposure than GSR graduates.
Synchrony, Weather, and Cycles in Southern Pine Beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Spatial synchrony and cycles are common features of forest insect pests, but are often studied as separate phenomenon. Using time series of timber damage caused by Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) (southern pine beetle) in 10 states within the southern United States, this study examines synchrony in D. frontalis abundance, the synchronizing effects of temperature extremes, and the evidence for shared cycles among state populations. Cross-correlation and cluster analyses are used to quantify synchrony across a range of geographic distances and to identify groups of states with synchronous dynamics. Similar techniques are used to quantify spatial synchrony in temperature extremes and to examine their relationship to D. frontalis fluctuations. Cross-wavelet analysis is then used to examine pairs of time series for shared cycles. These analyses suggest there is substantial synchrony among states in D. frontalis fluctuations, and there are regional groups of states with similar dynamics. Synchrony in D. frontalis fluctuations also appears related to spatial synchrony in summer and winter temperature extremes. The cross-wavelet results suggest that D. frontalis dynamics may differ among regions and are not stationary. Significant oscillations were present in some states over certain time intervals, suggesting an endogenous feedback mechanism. Management of D. frontalis outbreaks could potentially benefit from a multistate regional approach because populations are synchronous on this level. Extreme summer temperatures are likely to become the most important synchronizing agent due to climate change.
Influence of the Starting Microstructure on the Hot Deformation Behavior of a Low Stacking Fault Energy Ni-based Superalloy

The influence of varying fractions of primary gamma prime precipitates on the hot deformation and annealing behavior of an experimental Nickel-based superalloy containing 24 wt pct. Co was investigated. Billets heat treated at 1110 °C or 1135 °C were subjected to hot compression tests at temperatures ranging from 1020 °C to 1060 °C and strain rates ranging from 0.001 to 0.1/s. The microstructures were characterized using electron back scatter diffraction in the as-deformed condition as well as following a super-solvus anneal heat treatment at 1140 °C for 1 hour. This investigation sought to quantify and understand what effect the volume fraction of primary gamma prime precipitates has on the dynamic recrystallization behavior and resulting length fraction ∑3 twin boundaries in the low stacking fault superalloy following annealing. Although deformation at the lower temperatures and higher strain rates led to dynamic recrystallization for both starting microstructures, comparatively lower recrystallized fractions were observed in the 1135 °C billet microstructures deformed at strain rates of 0.1/s and 0.05/s. Subsequent annealing of the 1135 °C billet microstructures led to a higher proportion of annealing twins when compared to the annealed 1110 °C billet microstructures.
Cupid’s Arrows: Lead, Gold, Magic and Medicine in Ovid, Met. 1.452-567

Ovid’s narrative of Apollo and Daphne introduces elements not apparent in earlier extant versions of the myth, such as the involvement of Cupid and his deployment of two distinct arrows, one golden that sets Apollo’s passions aflame, and the other lead that makes Daphne averse to all male advances. The passion-averting arrow in particular is a curious addition to Cupid’s arsenal. This paper will argue that the lead arrow can be better understood when viewed alongside the practices and discourses of ancient magic and medicine, especially the widespread use of lead for erotic defixiones, antaphrodisiacs, and even contraceptives.
Strong Enough to Fight or to Flee? Executive Social Capital and Ship Jumping in Declining Firms

How does executive social capital, i.e., executives’ social connections with external stakeholders, affect executives’ ship- jumping behavior in declining firms? Should the executives stay, using their social capital to help turn around the firm, or should they use their social capital to find a position at another firm? Drawing upon resource dependence theory, we resolve this dilemma by highlighting the way in which executive social capital affects executives’ dependencies on external employment opportunities and their current declining firms, which together determine the potential benefits and opportunity costs of ship- jumping. The evidence from specially treated (*ST) public firms in China confirms that executives are less likely to jump ship from a firm in crisis when their social capital endowments are particularly low or particularly high. Moreover, executive social capital also moderates the effects of social capital endowments of other (peer) upper-echelon executives in a firm and the firm’s alli...
Exploiting Multi-Vendor Vulnerabilities as Back-Doors to Counter the Threat of Rogue Small Unmanned Aerial Systems

A recent trend for many malicious actors, such as: (1) terrorists in Iraq and Syria, (2) lone wolf domestic terrorists, (3) drug cartels, or (4) espionage-minded corporations, has been to use commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) (i.e., drones) that can circumvent ground-based defenses to attack or spy on targets, to transport contraband, or to steal information. Because of the low cost of COTS sUAS and the prior success of these uses, this trend is increasing at an alarming rate, leading to the need to counter the malicious usage of sUAS (i.e., rogue sUAS). Researchers, the armed forces, and technologists have all proposed disparate solutions to this problem. There are no comprehensive and compact solutions capable of effectively tracking, identifying, and actively neutralizing the threats associated with rogue sUAS. Thus, we have developed a mobile cyber solution, using rigorous penetration testing across the top sUAS COTS vendors. Based on the market share of these top vendors, our approach is applicable to approximately 90% of all COTS sUAS. We demonstrate that hard-to-patch vulnerabilities (i.e., vulnerabilities that exist across all the top vendors of sUAS) can be used as back-doors to counter the threat of rouge sUAS. Our solution can be launched from a standard laptop or Android mobile device with an external antenna, and is capable of tracking, identifying, and disrupting all Parrot and 3DR sUAS, as well as almost all DJI sUAS (i.e., renders them incapable of video flight) within a 300-meter radius.
Effects of erythropoietin on erythroid colony formation in uremic rabbit bone marrow cultures

Erythropoietin-responsive stem cell (ERC) kinetics in anephric uremic rabbits were studied in vitro using the growth of erythroid colonies in a methyl cellulose system in cultures with and without the addition of erythropoietin (ESF). Approximately 68 hr after bilateral nephrectomy, an increase in BUN and decreases in hematocrit and marrow erythroid cellularity were seen. However, the numbers of erythroid colonies formed in response to ESF on plates inoculated with 2 times 10-5 cells were greater in anephric rabbit marrows than in normal controls. In addition, the numbers of erythroid colonies produced by the uremic and normal marrows in the presence of ESF were increased in proportion to the number of precursors plated. These findings suggest that, in uremia, the concentration of ERC is increased and that the ERC are capable of responding normally to ESF. The increase in the number of erythroid colonies of uremia may be due to the undisturbed flow of uncommitted hematopoietic stem cells into the ERC compartment in the presence of a delay of differentiation of ERC into heme-synthesizing nucleated erythroid cells due to a lack of ESF.
Sensorial and Sensorimotor Phenomena in Strabismus

Regardless of its cause, eye misalignment that is present between the time of birth and the seventh or eighth year of life (the plastic age) elicits adaptive sensorial and sensorimotor responses to the problem. These phenomena are considered to be adaptive for several reasons. If in fact, the angle of strabismus is changed by means of surgery or corrective lenses during this period, the phenomena mentioned above also change to reflect the new type of misalignment. Misalignment that develops in older patients rarely provokes any of the adaptive responses seen in the young child, and the patient consequently experiences diplopia.
Sensitivity to the Regularity of Letter Patterns Within Print Among Preschoolers: Implications for Emerging Literacy

ABSTRACTWhen learning to read, the developing mind is likely to cluster letters into frequency-based chunks. In the current study, the authors investigated the extent to which such chunking takes place among preschoolers (N = 54) by examining the association between sensitivity to subword orthographic regularity and preschooler age. A version of the wordlikeness judgment paradigm was administered to assess sensitivity to the frequency of particular grain sizes (unigram, bigram, and trigram), regardless of their positional frequency within words. The task manipulation affected bigram performance but not unigram or trigram performance and was observed only among older preschoolers. Results suggest that preschoolers first become sensitive to bigram frequency. The special status of bigrams within subword frequency sensitivity, over and above unigrams and trigrams, has practical implication for reading instruction and remediation.
Pito (Erythrina berteroana) and chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata), (fabaceae) two soporific vegetables of Central America

With more and more Latin Americans emigrating to the United States, their favorite foods are being imported to meet the demand that has arisen here. Two popular vegetables, especially of Guatemala and El Salvador, owe part of their popularity to their sedative effect. If eaten in sufficient quantity, they induce a deep, relaxing sleep. Prominent in these two countries is the tree called pito (Erythrina berteroana) (Fabaceae), the flowers and tender young shoots of which are sold in large quantity, fresh or frozen. The tree is exceedingly common because it is planted widely, both as a living fence and windbreak. Chipilin (Crotalaria longirostrata) of the same family, is valued for its young leaves and shoots, cooked and eaten as “greens” and also combined with beans, chopped meat or scrambled eggs. Chemical analyses show that the foliage is rich in calcium, iron, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid. The seeds and roots ofthe plant are undeniably toxic.
Revisiting 'An unpopular essay on transportation:' the outcomes of old myths and the implications of new technologies for the sustainability of transport

Abstract This article addresses the outcomes of the nine myths about sustainable transportation proposed by William R. Black in “An unpopular essay on transportation” (2001) and finds those predictions to have been largely accurate. Five have become myths by 2019, and four have some potential, though this is due to significant changes in transportation technology and the worldwide economy. The three revolutions of transportation are then considered, as potential new myths in that they will contribute to the sustainability of transportation. They are assessed in a utopia/dystopia dichotomy for their potential positive and negative impacts on sustainability. The role of the public sector is also considered. Their impact on sustainability is then discussed, with long-term possibilities of extreme benefits to sustainability in transport, but with the implication that any road to sustainability with these technologies may make things worse before they get better.
Discovery and evaluation of peptide ligands for selective adsorption and release of Cas9 nuclease on solid substrates

The rapid expansion of CRISPR in biotechnology, medicine, and bioprocessing poses an urgent need for advanced manufacturing of Cas nucleases. The lack of Cas-targeting ligands, however, prevents the development of platform processes for purifying this class of molecules. This work represents the first effort at developing short synthetic Cas9-binding peptides and demonstrates their applicability as affinity ligands for the purification of a Cas nuclease. Candidate Cas9-targeting peptides were initially identified by screening a solid-phase peptide library against a model mixture of Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9 spiked in Escherichia coli cell lysate. An ensemble of homologous sequences was identified, conjugated on Toyopearl resin, and evaluated by Cas9 binding studies to identify sequences providing selective Cas9 capture and efficient release. In silico docking studies were also performed to evaluate the binding energy and site of the various peptides on Cas9. Notably, sequences GYYRYSEY and YYHRHGLQ were shown to target the RecII domain of Cas9, which is not involved in nuclease activity and was targeted as an ideal binding site. The peptide ligands were validated by purifying Cas9 from the E. coli lysate in dynamic conditions and through measurements of binding capacity and strength (Qmax and KD). The resulting values of Qmax = 4-5 mg Cas9 per mL of resin and KD ∼ 0.1-0.3 μM, product recovery (86-89%), and purity (91%-93%) indicate that both peptides, and YYHRHGLQ in particular, can serve as capture ligands in a platform purification process of Cas9.
Electrification of Buildings: Potential, Challenges, and Outlook

We review the literature on the potential for electrifying energy use in residential in commercial buildings, focusing on the USA. In so doing, we identify critical economic and non-economic factors that bear on the prospects for building electrification. At present electrification is most viable in new buildings, in milder climates, where a single electric heat pump can replace both existing heating and cooling units that are at or near retirement, and especially where local gas infrastructure costs can be avoided. Per the reviewed studies, electrification is already viable in many buildings today, and likely stands to become viable in more buildings over time. A number of policy factors may promote or impede electrification; rapid electrification would likely require significant policy intervention. The literature is mostly focused on residential buildings and additional research on commercial buildings would be welcome.
Mortality and Readmissions After On-Pump Versus Off-Pump Redo Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery.

Abstract Introduction Large institutional and administrative datasets that have compared on pump versus off pump first time coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, comparison of off-pump vs on-pump outcomes in patients undergoing redo CABG are limited in current literature. Methods All patients who underwent redo CABG for coronary artery disease from 2011 to 2017 at our institution were included in the study. Cox regression analysis was performed to identify variables associated with 5-year mortality and readmission. Results Three hundred and fifty patients underwent redo CABG; of which, 309 underwent on-pump CABG and 41 underwent off-pump CABG. Blood product transfusion (31.7% vs 58.9%; p = 0.001) and new onset atrial fibrillation (17.1% vs 35.6%; p = 0.018) were higher in the on-pump cohort. There was no difference in 30-day (2.4% vs 8.1%; p = 0.209), 1-year (4.9% vs 16.5%; p = 0.074), or 5-year mortality (31.7% vs 35.6%; p = 0.213) for off vs on pump redo CABG. There was no difference in 30-day or 1- hospital readmissions between groups. Five-year all cause readmissions (76.9% vs 55.3%; p = 0.037) was significantly higher in the off-pump redo CABG group. On multivariable analysis, on vs. off pump CABG was not significantly associated with mortality or readmission at 5 years. Conclusion There was no short or long-term survival advantage for on-pump vs off-pump CABG despite risk adjustment. Hospital readmissions at 5-years were higher in the off-pump group.
High Temperature Sensible Heat Storage

Alkali-metal carbonate salts meet many of the working fluid and storage medium requirements for high temperature, 900°C, solar central receiver systems. But, because of their corrosiveness, they present special problems in the design of storage tanks. These problems are discussed and solutions are proposed. For example, in order to reduce corrosion and temperature sufficiently to retain the strength of the containing wall material, internal thermal insulation is required. Several storage-tank design concepts are presented and analyzed.
EARLY NEST RECORD AND ADDITIONAL NOTES ON THE BREEDING BIOLOGY OF THE CHESTNUT-CAPPED BRUSH-FINCH (ARREMON BRUNNEINUCHA SUTTONI) IN SOUTHERN MEXICO

The natural history and breeding biology of species in the genus Arremon (Passerellidae) remains incomplete. Here, we document an early nest record and provide additional notes on the breeding biology of the Chestnut-capped Brush-finch ( Arremon brunneinucha suttoni ) from the Sierra Madre del Sur in southern Mexico. We found one bulky, open cup nest with two pale blue eggs. The nest was found greater than one month prior to previous nest descriptions, suggesting a possible shift in breeding phenology. Future studies across the range of A. brunneinucha will help clarify our findings within the context of geographic variation in this species and possible causes.
Changes in an Exotic Fish Community Assemblage of a Thermal Spring in Central Idaho

Barney Hot Springs is a thermal spring in the headwaters of the Little Lost River drainage in central Idaho. Tropical fish have been released into Barney Hot Springs, and several species have established self-sustaining populations. The objectives of this study were to determine the current community assemblage of tropical fish in Barney Hot Springs and to assess species composition and extent of downstream distribution of tropical fish in Barney Creek. The composition in 2017 consisted of Amelanic Convict Cichlids Amatitlania nigrofasciata, Mozambique Tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus, Zebra Mbuna Maylandia zebra, and Green Swordtails Xiphophorus hellerii. Total abundance of all fish species was estimated at 12,043 fish (95% CI 9807–15,600), with Green Swordtails making up 68% of the population, Zebra Mbuna 20%, Convict Cichlids 9%, and Mozambique Tilapia 3%. In Barney Creek, fish were collected within 800 m of Barney Hot Springs. In March 2018, a rain-on-snow event occurred that resulted in a fish kill. In fall 2018 after this event, Convict Cichlids, Green Swordtails, and Goldfish Carassius auratus were collected. Overall abundance was estimated at 1972 fish (95% CI 1757–2227), with Green Swordtails and Goldfish each composing 50% of the population; no Convict Cichlids were recaptured, so abundance could not be estimated. In Barney Creek, fish were collected within 400 m of Barney Hot Springs. We documented current changes to the fish community assemblage of Barney Hot Springs and Barney Creek that were driven by colonization (i.e., introduction of aquarium fish) and by local extinction through species interactions and stochastic events. Currently, we do not know the impact that the introduced fish fauna of Barney Hot Springs may have on native species or ecosystem function.
Quantification of Early Neonatal Oxygen Exposure as a Risk Factor for Retinopathy of Prematurity Requiring Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective/Purpose Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness related to oxygen exposure to the developing retina in premature infants. Since oxygen monitoring protocols have reduced the incidence of treatment-requiring ROP (TR-ROP), it remains unclear whether oxygen exposure remains a relevant risk factor for incident TR-ROP and aggressive ROP (A-ROP), a severe, rapidly progressing form of ROP. The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to use electronic health record (EHR) data to evaluate early neonatal oxygen exposure as a predictive variable for developing TR-ROP and A-ROP. Design Retrospective cohort study. Subjects, Participants, and/or Controls 244 infants screened for ROP at a single academic center. Methods Intervention, or Testing: For each infant, oxygen saturations and fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) were manually extracted from the EHR until 31 weeks PMA. Cumulative minimum, maximum, mean oxygen saturation and FiO₂ were calculated on a weekly basis. Random forest models were trained with 5-fold cross-validation using GA and cumulative minimum FiO₂ at 30 weeks PMA to identify infants who developed TR-ROP. Secondary ROC analysis on infants with/without A-ROP was performed without cross-validation due to small numbers. Main Outcomes/Measures For each model, cross-validation performance for incident TR-ROP was assessed using area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) and precision-recall curve (AURPC) scores. For A-ROP, we calculated AUROC, and evaluated sensitivity and specificity at a high-sensitivity operating point. Results Of the 244 infants included, 33 developed TR-ROP and 5 were diagnosed with A-ROP. For incident TR-ROP, random forest models trained on GA plus cumulative minimum FiO₂ (AUROC=0.93±0.06, AUPRC=0.70±0.08) were not significantly better those trained on GA alone (AUROC=0.92±0.06, p=0.59; AUPRC=0.74±0.12, p=0.32). However, models using oxygen alone had an AUROC of 0.80±0.09. Secondary ROC analysis for A-ROP found an AUROC=0.92 [95% CI 0.87-0.96]. Conclusions Oxygen exposure can be extracted from the EHR and quantified as a risk factor for incident TR-ROP and A-ROP. Extracting quantifiable clinical features from the EHR may be useful in the future for building integrative risk models for multiple diseases, and evaluating the complex relationships between oxygen exposure, ROP, and other sequelae of prematurity.
A Reforma Escolar como Performance e Espetáculo Político

Resumen pt: Uma industria da reforma escolar tem se desenvolvido nos Estados Unidos, desde a publica- cao do relatorio encomendado, A Nation at Risk, de 1983. Esse m...
The Rigidity Theorems of Hamada and Ohmori, Revisited

Let A be a (0,1)-matrix of size b by v with b ≥ v. Suppose that all rows (columns) of A are nonzero and distinct. We show that the rank of A over a field of characteristic 2 satisfies $${\text{rank}}_2 \left( A \right) \geqslant \log _2 \left( {v + 1} \right)$$ with equality if and only if A is the incidence matrix of a point-hyperplane Hadamard design. This generalizes a rigidity theorem of Hamada and Ohmori, who assumed that v + 1 is a power of 2 and that A is already known to be the incidence matrix of a Hadamard design. Our results follow from a generalization of a rank inequality of Wallis.
Rabbit Muscle Adenosine 5'-Monophosphate Aminohydrolase CHARACTERIZATION AS A ZINC METALLOENZYME

Abstract Rabbit muscle 5'-AMP-aminohydrolase [EC 3.5.4.6] was sensitive to inhibition by di- and tricarboxylic acids such as succinate, maleate, fumarate, and citrate; the ADP-activated enzyme was more sensitive to these inhibitors than enzyme assayed in the presence of the activator, potassium. Citrate was competitive for ADP (Ki = 0.11 mm) and reduced the Hill slope for ADP activation from 1.7 to 1.1. Citrate also inhibited the enzyme when allowed to remain with enzyme before assay. Enzyme incubated in the presence of other metal-binding agents such as o-phenanthroline, ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate, dithioerythritol, and mercaptoethanol also showed marked inhibition as a function of time of incubation before assay. Atomic absorption analysis established the presence of 2.6 g atoms of zinc per mole of native enzyme (mol wt 278,000). No significant amounts of magnesium, calcium, iron, or cobalt were observed in the purified enzyme. Removal of zinc by 8-hydroxyquinoline-5-sulfonate decreased enzymatic activity proportionally. Apo-AMP-aminohydrolase, which contained 0.45 g atoms of zinc per mole enzyme, was readily reconstituted with Zn2+, Co2+, Mn2+, and Fe2+; the cations Ni2+, Cd2+, Mg2+, and Cu2+ did not reactivate. The data suggest that AMP-aminohydrolase is a zinc metalloenzyme and that zinc is required for activity.
Feeding Pasteurized Non-Saleable Milk Did Not Increase the Risk for Mycobacterium Avium subsp. paratuberculosis Infection in Adult Dairy Cows

While the most important route of transmission of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is generally considered to be through the ingestion of infective feces from the calf's environment, other potential sources of transmission could include shedding (or post-harvest contamination) of MAP in colostrum or milk. The importance of consuming raw milk in MAP transmission to calves has not been quantified. The objective of this study was to describe if feeding pasteurized non-saleable milk from a Johne's infected herd controlled the transmission of MAP in calves, as compared to calves fed commercial milk replacer, under conditions of natural exposure.
Liver transplantation for cholangiocarcinoma

Liver transplantation following high dose neoadjuvant radiotherapy with chemosensitization achieves excellent results for patients with early stage, unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma or cholangiocarcinoma arising in the setting of primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Neonatal Genital Prolapse

In Reply.— I don9t dislike lead screening, Dr Goldman; I just dislike the method of lead screening recommended in the October 1991 report of the CDC Advisory Committee on Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention, of which you were a member.1 Dr Goldman has objected to my statement2 that for her to report a 67% prevalence of blood lead levels (BLL) ≥10 µg/dL and omit the fact that the testing method was inaccurate was a "serious omission." Dr Goldman has stated that she omitted this important information because it "didn9t fit within the content of our brief report."
Quasiconformal Teichmuller Theory

Quasiconformal mapping Riemann surfaces Quadratic differentials, Part I Quadratic differentials, Part II Teichmuller equivalence The Bers embedding Kobayashi's metric on Teichmuller space Isomorphisms and automorphisms Teichmuller uniqueness The mapping class group Jenkins-Strebel differentials Measured foliations Obstacle problems Asymptotic Teichmuller space Asymptotically extremal maps Universal Teichmuller space Substantial boundary points Earthquake mappings Bibliography Index.
Soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products and the risk for incident heart failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Abstract Background Experimental studies in animals suggest that circulating soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) decrease oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. The association between sRAGE and incident heart failure has not been systematically examined in a prospective study. Methods We conducted a prospective analysis of a subsample of 1,086 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study who attended visit 2 (1990-1992) without a history of coronary heart disease, stroke, or heart failure and with measured plasma sRAGE levels. Incident heart failure was defined as death from heart failure or hospitalization due to heart failure during a median of 20 years of follow-up. Results In this sample of a community-based population (mean age 63 years, 60% women, 78% white), there were 126 incident cases of heart failure. Lower levels of sRAGE were significantly associated with an increased risk of heart failure; the adjusted hazard ratios (95% CIs) of heart failure were 1.0 (reference), 1.81 (0.94-3.49), 1.57 (0.80-3.08), and 3.37 (1.75-6.50), for fourth, third, second, and first quartiles, respectively ( P for trend=.001). We did not observe significant interactions by diabetes status or by race or obesity status. Conclusions Lower circulating levels of sRAGE are independently associated with the development of heart failure in a community-based population. Our results add to the growing evidence that sRAGE is a valuable predictor of cardiovascular disease.
CALCULATIONS OF PHOSPHORUS NUCLEAR MAGNETIC SHIELDING TENSORS: STUDIES ON PHOSPHORUS CHALCOGEN COMPOUNDS

The nuclear magnetic shieldings (or the NMR chemical shifts) are sensitive probes of the local electronic structure. The shielding tensors, their principal values and their principal axes system, give even more insight into the electronic structure, since they reflect the different interactions between occupied and unoccupied orbitals induced by a magnetic field oriented along the different axes.
Stability of scheduled sub-optimal feedback control

We present a general approach to proving the stability of gain-scheduled control laws when the gains are obtained as the solution of a soft-constrained time-optimal control problem. Usually gains can be computed off-line and stored but the optimum value of the scheduling variable, here the time to go, must be computed online, which is generally problematic. The stability proof allows to have stable scheduled gains without the need to compute the optimum time to go. The scheduling can be very simple and/or quasi-optimal. Remarkably, if the system matrix is nonsingular and the optimal gains are used, then the origin of the closed-loop system remains asymptotically stable even when the scheduling is sloppy.
IMPACTION‐BASED SAMPLER FOR DETECTING MALE‐SPECIFIC COLIPHAGES IN BIOAEROSOLS

Air quality within and around confined animal housing operations is important from both occupational exposure and environmental quality perspectives. Appropriate sampling equipment should be available so that bioaerosols are adequately characterized in terms of their component microbial populations. In this study the efficacy of a commercially available impaction-based bioaerosol sampler (SAS-100) was evaluated in terms of its ability to detect male-specific coliphages within and around poultry broiler houses. In addition to the manufacturer recommended agar medium, cellulose and cellulose-acetate filter media were also used as the collection surface. The agar medium and the cellulose ester filters provided very high recoveries of phages as compared to the cellulose filter (P<0.05). There was a wide range of recoveries ranging from 0–100% when the cellulose acetate filter was used to detect phages in bioaerosols within and around broiler houses. The results suggest that the sampler is capable of concentrating male-specific coliphages from bioaerosols. However, further studies are still needed to accurately determine the collection efficiencies of viruses.
Investigation of Fiber Waviness in a Thick Glass Composite Beam Using THz NDE

Fiber waviness in laminated composite material is introduced during manufacture because of uneven curing, resin shrinkage, or ply buckling caused by bending the composite lay-up into its final shape prior to curing. The resulting waviness has a detrimental effect on mechanical properties, therefore this condition is important to detect and characterize. Ultrasonic characterization methods are difficult to interpret because elastic wave propagation is highly dependent on ply orientation and material stresses. By comparison, the pulsed terahertz response of the composite is shown to provide clear indications of the fiber waviness. Pulsed Terahertz NDE is an electromagnetic inspection method that operates in the frequency range between 300 GHz and 3 THz. Its propagation is influenced by refractive index variations and interfaces. This work applies pulsed Terahertz NDE to the inspection of a thick composite beam with fiber waviness. The sample is a laminated glass composite material approximately 15mm thick with a 90-degree bend. Terahertz response from the planar section, away from the bend, is indicative of a homogeneous material with no major reflections from internal plies, while the multiple reflections at the bend area correspond to the fiber waviness. Results of these measurements are presented for the planar and bend areas.
An experimental investigation into the comparison of the performance characteristics of TiN and ZrN coatings on split point drills using the static and stochastic models of the force system as a signature

This paper presents a comparison of the performance characteristics of TiN (Titanium nitride) and ZrN (Zirconium nitride) coatings on split point drills. The objective of this work was to choose the better coating for machining tough materials like INCONEL. This leads to an increased productivity of drilling holes in certain components of environmental control systems and fuel control systems (in aerospace industry) made of tough materials like INCONEL. The comparison of the performance characteristics was based on the measurement of the mean values and dynamic fluctuations of the cutting force and the number of holes drilled under the same optimum machining conditions. The measurements were carried out using two specially designed piezoelectric dynamometers. The dynamometer was calibrated from static and dynamic outputs and techniques were employed for increasing the measuring accuracy and reducing the cross interference by obtaining the elements of the tranfer function. Power spectrum plots of the drift force, axial force and torque were obtained so that these plots may be used as a signature. Results show that the ZrN coating is better than the TiN coating because (a) the mean values of the axialforce, drift force and torque are smaller, thus improving the roundness, (b) the dynamic flutuations of the forces and torque about the mean are smaller thus improving the surface quality of the holes produced, (c) the number of holes before the failure of the drill is about three times more for a ZrN coated split point drill as compared to a TiN coated drill.
Der ‘führerstaat’: Mythos und realität. Studien zur structur und politik des dritten reiches

(1983). Der ‘fuhrerstaat’: Mythos und realitat. Studien zur structur und politik des dritten reiches. History of European Ideas: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 478-479.
On the Forwarding Performance under Heterogeneous Contact Dynamics in Mobile Opportunistic Networks

In this paper, we focus on how the heterogeneous contact dynamics of mobile nodes impact the performance of forwarding algorithms in mobile opportunistic networks (MONs). To this end, we consider two representative heterogeneous network models, each of which captures heterogeneity among node pairs (individual) and heterogeneity in underlying environment (spatial), respectively, and examine the full extent of difference in delay performance they cause on forwarding algorithms through formal stochastic comparisons. We first show that these heterogeneous models correctly capture non-Poisson contact dynamics observed in real traces. We then rigorously establish stochastic/convex ordering relationships on the delay performance of direct forwarding and multicopy two-hop relay protocol under these heterogeneous models and the corresponding homogeneous model, all of which have the same average intercontact time of a random pair of nodes. In particular, we demonstrate that the heterogeneous models predict an entirely opposite ordering relationship in delay performance depending on which of the two heterogeneity structures is captured. We also provide simulation results including the delay performance of epidemic routing protocol to support the analytical findings. Our results thus suggest that the heterogeneity in mobile nodes' contact dynamics should be properly taken into account for the performance evaluation of forwarding algorithms. Our results will also be useful for better design of forwarding algorithms correctly exploiting the heterogeneity structure.
Beyond Idealism Democracy and Ethics Reform

The effort to oppose corruption has brought in recent decades a heightened emphasis on ethics, the establishment of official ethics codes, the creation of the first government agencies explicitly authorized to enforce ethics, and even the creation of ethics committees in Congress. Dennis Thompson has taken the lead in advocating and analyzing the increased attention to ethics, and yet one of his more recent studies draws attention to some “paradoxes” inherent in the pursuit of ethics in government. We take issue with Thompson’s argument that ethics is in some sense the most important of all policies. The hope for “ethics in government” may only be satisfied at a very modest level through the work of the current ethics agencies, the enforcement of ethics in government can impose important costs on the ethics project itself, and the democratic processes of government may limit what we should do to constrain the power of self-interest.