cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding and Aiding Code Evolution by Inferring Change Patterns

Evolution continues to play an ever-increasing role in software engineering. Although changing a program is the core of software evolution, program change patterns have not been considered as a first class entity in most classic studies of software evolution. Past empirical studies of software evolution primarily relied on quantitative and statistical analyses of a program over time, but did not focus on semantic and qualitative change patterns of a program. We hypothesize that by treating change patterns as first class entities we can better understand software evolution and also aid programmers in changing software. Our goal is to infer clone evolution patterns from a set of program versions stored in a source code repository. We defined a set of common clone evolution patterns based on our insights from the copy and paste study.
An examination of the decision styles of project managers: evidence of significant diversity

Abstract It has been suggested that the manner in which a project manager makes decisions can significantly influence his or her effectiveness and ultimately the design of systems under his or her direction. Arguments for a structured, systematic approach, as well as arguments for a more well-rounded, ‘whole-brained’ approach have been made. However, it is perhaps more important to examine what project managers actually are. We surveyed a group of over 200 project managers from across the United States, attempting to measure their decision making styles, especially as they relate to project management activity. The survey not only identifies a person’s propensity towards a particular style of decision making, but also his or her propensity towards brain dominance, an idea or action orientation, and a preferred management level of decision making. The results of this study indicate that though each project manager is unique, as a group project managers are well-rounded and tend to solve problems utilizing a ‘whole-brained’ approach.
A 21st Century Classroom — Improving Teaching Efficacy By Combining Real and Virtual Facilities

This paper describes an “Internet Virtual Classroom” currently being used in the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Louisville. Currently, this classroom concept is used in three courses: CEE 320, Fundamentals of Structural Analysis; CEE 420, Matrix Structural Analysis; and CEE 422, Fundamentals of Steel Design. A physical classroom, equipped with 25 student workstations is used during regularly scheduled class time for team-based online activity. Work required of students outside the regularly scheduled class period is tightly integrated with in-class activity. A key reason for the success of the concept is the ability of the classroom offer online grading services, using software developed by the author.
Structural and Kinetic Basis for Substrate Selectivity in Populus tremuloides Sinapyl Alcohol Dehydrogenase

We describe the three-dimensional structure of sinapyl alcohol dehydrogenase (SAD) from Populus tremuloides (aspen), a member of the NADP(H)-dependent dehydrogenase family that catalyzes the last reductive step in the formation of monolignols. The active site topology revealed by the crystal structure substantiates kinetic results indicating that SAD maintains highest specificity for the substrate sinapaldehyde. We also report substantial substrate inhibition kinetics for the SAD-catalyzed reduction of hydroxycinnamaldehydes. Although SAD and classical cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenases (CADs) catalyze the same reaction and share some sequence identity, the active site topology of SAD is strikingly different from that predicted for classical CADs. Kinetic analyses of wild-type SAD and several active site mutants demonstrate the complexity of defining determinants of substrate specificity in these enzymes. These results, along with a phylogenetic analysis, support the inclusion of SAD in a plant alcohol dehydrogenase subfamily that includes cinnamaldehyde and benzaldehyde dehydrogenases. We used the SAD three-dimensional structure to model several of these SAD-like enzymes, and although their active site topologies largely mirror that of SAD, we describe a correlation between substrate specificity and amino acid substitution patterns in their active sites. The SAD structure thus provides a framework for understanding substrate specificity in this family of enzymes and for engineering new enzyme specificities.
Cardiorespiratory Capacity After Weight-Supported Treadmill Training in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury

Background and Purpose: The primary goal of body-weight–supported treadmill training (BWSTT) has been to improve the temporal and spatial characteristics of unsupported overground walking; however, little attention has been given to cardiorespiratory adaptations. The purpose of this case report is to describe the effects of BWSTT on cardiorespiratory fitness in 2 patients recovering from severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Case Description: Both patients were involved in motor vehicle accidents and were studied after admission to a postacute residential treatment program. Patient 1 was a 25-year-old man (initial Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] score=3) who began observation and treatment 3 months after the injury. Patient 2 was an 18-year-old woman (initial GCS=6) who began observation and treatment 1 year after the injury. Outcomes: Each patient received 2 to 3 sessions of BWSTT per week. Aerobic capacity was measured while they ambulated on a treadmill without body-weight support before and after BWSTT. Both patients' submaximal and peak responses improved. For patient 1 and patient 2, total treadmill work performed increased 134% and 53%, respectively. Peak oxygen uptake increased 24% for patient 1 and 16% for patient 2. Estimated cardiac stroke volume (oxygen pulse) increased 32% and 26% for patient 1 and patient 2, respectively. Discussion: The observations made on these 2 patients suggest that BWSTT has the potential to favorably change cardiorespiratory capacity after TBI.
A synthetic approach for enhanced thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS bulk composites

The thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 polymer/inorganic bulk composites with different Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 content were investigated. The composites were prepared at various concentrations of Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 by a solution-phase process before grinding to fine powders in liquid N2 for hot pressing into bulk polymer composite materials. The measured transport properties are well described within a theoretical model for effective media involving a tunneling mechanism induced by thermal voltage fluctuations. Our results present a strategy for the preparation of bulk polymer composites and demonstrate an avenue for optimization of the thermoelectric properties of PEDOT:PSS/Bi0.5Sb1.5Te3 bulk composites.
Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among 4-year-old children in the autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network

ABSTRACT:Objective:Early identification of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) facilitates timely access to intervention services. Yet, few population-based data exist on ASD identification among preschool-aged children. The authors aimed to describe ASD prevalence and characteristics among
War Through Partisan Glasses: How Partisanship Conditions the Influence of the Draft and Inequality on Support for War

This paper investigates the influence of military manpower policies on public support for war. While recent scholarship suggests that conscription decreases support for military action, we argue that its effect is contingent both on whether the draft will reduce socioeconomic inequality in military sacrifice and on the partisanship of the respondent. As in domestic policy, Americans process much information about foreign policy through distinctly partisan lenses. Our experimental data shows that reinstating the draft significantly decreases support for war among Democrats; however, this negative effect is significantly mitigated when Democrats are told that the draft will reduce socioeconomic inequality in who bears the human costs of war. Support for war among Republicans, by contrast, responded neither to information about conscription nor its inequality ramifications. Finally, we also consider the potential mediating role of respondents’ core values and personal policy preferences. While we find some evidence for the mediating role of core values, this relationship itself is contingent on partisanship. Only among Democrats do we find evidence of subjects with higher scores on a universalism-benevolence value scale being more responsive to cues about conscription and its inequality ramifications.
Perspectives on Patentable Subject Matter: Patent Eligibility as a Policy Lever to Regulate the Patenting of Personalized Medicine

This book chapter considers the implications of a recently reinvigorated patent eligibility doctrine for innovation in personalized medicine. Section I begins with a brief overview of personalized medicine, followed in Section II by a discussion of the critical role molecular diagnostic method claims will likely play in providing effective patent protection for inventions relating to personalized medicine. Section III reviews recent developments in patent law that have breathed new life into the previously moribund doctrine of patent eligibility, most notably the Supreme Court's 2010 Bilski v. Kappos (Bilski II) decision and the Federal Circuit’s decision in Prometheus v. Mayo (Prometheus III) applying Bilski II to claims reciting a method for practicing personalized medicine. In Section III, I argue that by declining to set forth any clear criteria for assessing compliance with the doctrine, the Supreme Court has in effect sanctioned the use of patent eligibility as a "wildcard" to invalidate patent claims deemed "unworthy" of patent protection. Section IV discusses how the lower courts, particularly the Federal Circuit, and US Patent and Trademark Office (PTO) might leverage the discretion inherent in the Bilski II fundamental test for patent eligibility as a policy lever to regulate the scope of patent claim coverage available for inventions relating to molecular diagnostics and personalized medicine. Section V offers some concluding thoughts on the implications of these developments for the availability of adequate patent protection for personalized medicine innovations.
Pheromone Production: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the pheromone production in biochemistry and molecular biology. The biosynthetic pathways of pheromones for a limited number of species has been determined, and work is progressing toward the characterization of some of the unique enzymes involved. It has become apparent that a few specific enzymes in pheromone gland tissue that produce the myriad of pheromone molecules modified the products and intermediates of normal metabolism, particularly those of the fatty acid and isoprenoid pathways. The increase in our understanding of the biochemistry and regulation of pheromone production over the last three decades is nothing short of phenomenal. While it is still true that in no system there is a complete understanding of both the biochemical pathways and their endocrine regulation, there is much better understanding of how pheromones are made, and in some systems we are developing an understanding of their regulation at the molecular level. The continued application of the powerful tools of molecular biology along with studies using genomics and proteomics will only increase the rate at which researchers increase the understanding of pheromone production. Ultimately, just as behavioral chemicals have been extended into pest control, research on pheromone production will be directed toward practical applications in insect control.
Designing Cap and Trade to Account for 'Imperfect' Offsets

The use of offsets can potentially improve a cap-and-trade system by lowering the overall cost of compliance, encourage mitigation from outside of the cap, and function as a bridge strategy, giving the regulated sectors time to innovate new low-carbon technologies and business plans. But offset provisions can be imperfect, and decision makers must appreciate the implications of these flaws and design the national offset program accordingly. This paper discusses three policy options for addressing offset integrity issues that can cause effective aggregate abatement to fall below the optimum level set by a compliance cap, and assesses the efficiency and welfare implications – for offset buyers and suppliers – of these policy options.
The Role of Macrophages in the Processing and Presentation of Protein Antigens to T Lymphocytes

It is clear that macrophages serve as antigen-presenting cells for a variety of specific immune responses and that many antigens are presented by macrophages to T lymphocytes in the context of the products of the I region of the major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC) of a species. For example, I-region-controlled genetic restrictions have been described for the development and expression of helper T cells (Erb and Feldmann, 1975a; Marrack and Kappler, 1978), for T-lymphocyte proliferation (Rosenthal and Shevach, 1976 Schwartz et al., 1978), and for delayed-type hypersensitivity (Miller, 1978). The use of recombinant and congenic mice and inbred guinea pigs has been an invaluable tool in establishing the role of the I region in antigen presentation. Furthermore, alloantisera to I-region gene products have demonstrated the necessity for the expression of Ia antigens on the surface of macrophages (Yamashita and Shevach, 1977; Cowing et al., 1978). The ability of multispecific anti-Ia sera to produce marked inhibition of in vitro antigen-specific T-lymphocyte proliferation to conventional and immune response (Ir) gene-controlled antigens (Shevach, 1978) indicated that a complex of Ia antigens and the nominal antigen was seen by the T lymphocyte.
Characteristics of the Terminal Phase of Chronic Granulocytic Leukemia

Data obtained retrospectively from a group of patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia provided the basis for characterizing the onset of the terminal phase of chronic granulocytic leukemia. Such characterization permits an opportunity to introduce in sufficient time new therapeutic agents for the treatment of a phase of a disease which heretofore has been refractory to conventional therapy. The suggested criteria marking the onset of the terminal phase may require revision as more information is systematically collected in the future.
How technology is transforming the ways in which children play

ABSTRACTTechnology is a prominent way that young children choose to play. With new advents in technology, children are finding it easier to gain access to technology through parents’ cell phones and tablets. The influx of technology in the daily lives of children is putting into question whether or not children are spending too much time engaging in such play. In the current study, data were collected on how 3–5-year-old children played on a typical weekday and weekend. Of the weekday activities, parents (n = 31) reported 53.00 hours of technology play for an average of 1.71 hours per child per day. There was an increased amount of time spent on non-technology activities listed by parents for a total of 59.25 hours and an average of 1.91 hours per child. A smaller number of parents (n = 14) recorded outdoor play, totalling 17.50 hours with an average of 1.25 hours per child.
On Kinematic versus Dynamic Approaches to Special Relativity

Janssen argues that special relativity is preferable to Lorentzian dynamics due to its kinematic structure. Brown, along with others, raises an objection, arguing that a dynamical understanding of special relativity is explanatorily prior and hence more fundamental than the principle theory-based kinematic structure of Minkowski space-time. This article challenges this objection, arguing that both Janssen and Brown miss the essential aspect of the principles of special relativity that underwrite its interpretational success. It is not its kinematic structure but the constitutive nature of the principles it employs, by providing a coherent conceptual framework, that does the foundational work.
Mucocele-like Tumors of the Breast: Cytologic Findings in Two Cases

Mucocele-like tumors of the breast originally were reported by Rosen in 1986 as benign lesions that histologically resembled colloid carcinoma of the breast. The authors document two cases of mucocele-like tumors to illustrate the difficulty in separating these lesions from colloid carcinoma on the basis of fine-needle aspiration biopsy. Cytologically, mucocele-like tumors contained abundant mucin, few clusters, and sheets of regular epithelium that lacked nuclear atypia, and they contained no intact single cells. The authors recommend open surgical biopsy when fine-needle aspiration biopsy findings in such cases are equivocal.
AMD-associated variants at the chromosome 10q26 locus and the stability of ARMS2 transcripts.

PURPOSE: To analyze the effect of variants including age-related macular degeneration (AMD)-associated combinative insertion/deletion polymorphism (indel) at 3'UTR of ARMS2 and possibly associated R38X on the stability of ARMS2 transcripts. METHODS: ARMS2 transcription from minigene vectors carrying different alleles at variants R38X and the indel were assessed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Dual luciferase assays were applied to evaluate the effect of the indel on gene expression. RT-PCR and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to measure the two ARMS2 transcripts (isoform A and isoform B) in MEFs and human retina-RPE-choroid samples (n = 83). RESULTS: Allele X at variant R38X decreased exogenous ARMS2 transcripts in MEFs compared to allele R. In contrast, the indel did not change the level of exogenous ARMS2 transcripts. After blocking transcription by actinomycin D, R38X appeared to accelerate the degradation of ARMS2 transcripts, while the indel did not obviously affect the stability of ARMS2 transcripts compared to the wild-type (WT) allele. Dual luciferase assays further indicated that the indel did not influence gene expression. Quantitative RT-PCR results showed that there was no significant difference in two ARMS2 transcript splice isoforms among retina-RPE-choroid samples carrying different genotypes at variants R38X and the indel. CONCLUSIONS: Variant R38X, not the indel, decreases the stability of ARMS2 transcripts in vitro. However, genotypes at R38X and the indel do not obviously affect the level of ARMS2 transcripts in retina-RPE-choroid samples. These results suggest that variants R38X and the indel are less likely to play a pathogenic role in AMD by changing the level of ARMS2 transcripts.
Dracula immunda (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), a new species from Panama

A new species of Dracula (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae), D. immunda, from Panama is described and illustrated. This new species differs from those previously described species in its ovoid epichile that is the same width as the hypochile and is externally muricate and has three closely spaced lamellae that reach the margin.
Analysis on sentinel surveillance of HIV/AIDS in Jingzhou City (2010)

Objective To understand the related risk behaviors and knowledge of HIV/AIDS,and provide evidence for prevention and control.Methods Based on the sentinel surveillance guideline,four kinds of people were investigated,questionnaire was applied,HIV,syphilis and HCV were tested.Results The pregnant women's(PRG) knowledge level about HIV/AIDS was lower as compared with the other three kinds of people.The highest positive rate of HIV was found in the MSM group(2.23%),DUS group was the second(2.00%).The highest positive rate of syphylis was found in the STD group(3.50%),in turn,DUS(2.54%)、MSM(1.98%)and PRG(0.49%);The highest positive rate of HCV was found in the DUS group(54.45%),in turn,MSM(1.49%)、STD(0.50%)and PRG(0.25%).In the MSM group,when having anal sex during the past 6 months,only 21.35% used condom every time.Conclusions Education for pregnant women should be promoted to provide knowledge about HIV/AIDS.There is diversity in the features of high risk behavior in different groups,it is necessary to promote health education and strengthen intervention so as to make HIV/AIDS under control in Jingzhou city.
Renal Abscess: Emerging Concepts of Diagnosis and Treatment

AbstractA retrospective review of 12 cases of renal abscesses disclosed that gram-negative bacteria were the most common infecting organisms. There was a high incidence of underlying renal disease. Excretory urography was the most reliable investigative procedure, although renal arteriograms were necessary frequently. In carefully selected patients conservative non-operative management can be successful but an operation was required for the majority of our patients.
Food hypersensitivity in children

Food hypersensitivity affects children and adults with an increasing prevalence, and is therefore an important public health problem in the majority of developed countries. Moreover, self-reported reactions to food are of several times higher prevalence, compared to hypersensitivity diagnosed following well established evidence-based diagnostic guidelines. In children, allergic food reactions are more common compared to non-allergic food hypersensitivity reactions, and 90% of them are caused with only 8 food allergens: cow's milk, soya, egg, fish, shellfish, peanut, tree-nuts and gluten. Diagnosis should be based on challenge tests with the potentially offending food allergens. Concerning other, more conservative diagnostic procedures, negative serology and negative skin-prick tests can exclude IgE-mediated food allergy, but positive tests, due to high rate of false positive reactions are not sufficient for diagnosis. Strict dietary avoidance of incriminated allergens is the only well established management strategy. However, this should be applied only if food allergy is well documented - following the exposition tests. Introducing elimination diet in a paediatric population, particularly with the elimination of multiple foods, could cause inappropriate growth and disturb organ maturation. Concerning allergy prevention, avoidance of allergens is not efficacious either during pregnancy and lactation or weaning period, and is therefore, not recommended neither as a population preventive measure, nor in children at risk.
Professional Identity Development Among Graduate Library and Information Studies Online Learners: A Mixed Methods Study

ABSTRACTThis study explores how factors relating to fully online Master of Library and Information Studies (MLIS) students' connectedness with peers and faculty may impact their professional identity development as library and information studies professionals. Participants include students enrolled in a fully online MLIS degree program in the southeastern United States, with a smaller, specialized cohort of diverse learners preparing for careers in community college librarianship. Findings suggest professional identity is largely developed through work experience in the field. Connectedness to peers and faculty, significant predictors of professional identity, is promoted by both synchronous online course meetings and cohort membership.
Plate Fixation Techniques for Midfoot and Forefoot Charcot Arthropathy

Charcot arthropathy of the midfoot and forefoot remains one of the most devastating complications of diabetes mellitus, resulting in significant deformity and disability of the foot and ankle. In severe cases, a rocker-bottom foot develops leading to recurrent plantar ulcerations, with the possibility of developing an infection and osteomyelitis. When nonoperative treatment is ineffective, surgical management is warranted to correct the instability and deformity by creating a shoeable, plantigrade foot. The use of plates is an effective way to achieve stability in patients with Charcot arthropathy. Important surgical considerations involve an anatomic reduction versus wedge resection realignment, the location of plate placement, as well as a fusion of the lateral fourth and fifth metatarsocuboid joints. Major complications associated with the use of plate fixation in midfoot and forefoot include ulcerations, infections, hardware failure, and recurrence or progression of deformity.
A Decentralized Network with Fast and Lightweight Autonomous Channel Selection in Vehicle Platoons for Collision Avoidance

Always keeping a certain distance between vehicles in a platoon is important for collision avoidance. Centralized platoon systems let the leader vehicle determine and notify the velocities of all the vehicles in the platoon. Unfortunately, such a centralized method generates high packet drop rate and communication delay due to the leader vehicle's limited communication capability. Therefore, we propose a decentralized platoon network, in which each vehicle determines its own velocity by only communicating with the vehicles in a short range. However, the multiple simultaneous transmissions between different pairs of vehicles may interfere with each other. Directly applying current channel allocation methods for interference avoidance leads to high communication cost and delay in vehicle joins and departures (i.e., vehicle dynamics). As a result, a challenge is how to reduce the communication delay and cost for channel allocation in decentralized platoon networks? To handle this challenge, by leveraging a typical feature of a platoon, we devise a channel allocation algorithm, called the Fast and Lightweight Autonomous channel selection algorithm (FLA), in which each vehicle determines its own channel simply based on its distance to the leader vehicle. We conduct experiments on NS-3 and Matlab to evaluate the performance of our proposed methods. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of our decentralized platoon network over the previous centralized platoon networks and of FLA over previous channel allocation methods in platoons.
Damaged Goods: Perception of Pornography Addiction as a Mediator Between Religiosity and Relationship Anxiety Surrounding Pornography Use

Recent research on pornography suggests that perception of addiction predicts negative outcomes above and beyond pornography use. Research has also suggested that religious individuals are more likely to perceive themselves to be addicted to pornography, regardless of how often they are actually using pornography. Using a sample of 686 unmarried adults, this study reconciles and expands on previous research by testing perceived addiction to pornography as a mediator between religiosity and relationship anxiety surrounding pornography. Results revealed that pornography use and religiosity were weakly associated with higher relationship anxiety surrounding pornography use, whereas perception of pornography addiction was highly associated with relationship anxiety surrounding pornography use. However, when perception of pornography addiction was inserted as a mediator in a structural equation model, pornography use had a small indirect effect on relationship anxiety surrounding pornography use, and perception of pornography addiction partially mediated the association between religiosity and relationship anxiety surrounding pornography use. By understanding how pornography use, religiosity, and perceived pornography addiction connect to relationship anxiety surrounding pornography use in the early relationship formation stages, we hope to improve the chances of couples successfully addressing the subject of pornography and mitigate difficulties in romantic relationships.
300 Lollipops: Mainstream Media Coverage of the Gaza Flotilla Raid

This paper explores the international media coverage of the 2010 Mavi Marmara raid and its implications for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It analyzes samples of Turkish, Israeli, and American mainstream media sources using Gadi Wolfsfeld’s (2011) concepts of media access, media effects, and drama-driven coverage. This analysis reveals recurrent episodic frames, which employ both the interpersonal and international drama of the raid, as well as a dependence on the voices of political elites and experts. Ultimately, two predominant and competing frames are present in the samples—one that defends and one that condemns the IDF’s actions—neither of which address the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The author suggests that this drama-driven, detail-oriented coverage undermined the original intentions of the humanitarian activists aboard the Mavi Marmara who hoped to draw international attention to the deteriorating situation in the Gaza Strip.
El Campo: Educational Attainment and Educational Well-Being for Farmworker Children:

Farmworkers comprise a marginalized population who experience various threats to their well-being. This study presents a community-based participatory research project that explored the educational...
Cervical artificial disc extrusion after a paragliding accident.

BACKGROUND Cervical total disc replacement (TDR) is an established alternative to anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with excellent long-term outcomes and low failure rates. Cases of implant failure and migration are scarce and primarily limited to several years postoperatively. The authors report a case of anterior extrusion of a C4-C5 ProDisc-C (DePuy Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA) cervical artificial disc (CAD) 14 months after placement due to minor trauma. CASE DESCRIPTION A 33-year-old female who had undergone C4-C5 CAD implantation presented with neck pain and spasm after experiencing a paragliding accident. A 4 mm anterior protrusion of the CAD was seen on x-ray. She underwent removal of the CAD followed by anterior fusion. Other cases of CAD extrusion in the literature are discussed and the device's durability and testing are considered. CONCLUSION Overall, CAD extrusion is a rare event. This case is likely the result of insufficient osseous integration. Patients undergoing cervical TDR should avoid high-risk activities to prevent trauma that could compromise the disc's placement, and future design/research should focus on how to enhance osseous integration at the interface while minimizing excessive heterotopic ossification.
PTSD prevalence, associated exposures, and functional health outcomes in a large, population-based military cohort.

Objectives.Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) results from experiencing or witnessing traumatic, life-threatening events including combat-related experiences. The purpose of this study was to inv...
IT and Individuals

Research of the individual use of IT and the effects of IT on individual behavior and outcomes constitutes the most voluminous IS research area. This area can be broadly subdivided into research on factors in individual adoption and use, and research on personal computing environments. Identification of critical success factors related to the individual use and adoption of IT has been among the prominent research topics. Notably, much of the critical success factors (CSF) research is also concerned with organizational issues; however, because the individual focus is dominant, the CSF topic is reviewed in this chapter. Related to CSF is research on individual IS acceptance and use, research on learning and training, as well as research on privacy issues and trust. Individual level IS research is particularly concerned with three computing environments: end user computing, web-based systems and mobile computing. Finally, individual level IS research includes the topic of IT effect on jobs and that of IT careers.
Modeling Venous Thrombosis In Vitro: More Than Just (Valve) Pocket Change.

Venous thrombosis (VT) and pulmonary embolism (collectively called venous thromboembolism) affect >1 million people annually, in the United States and in Europe.1 Approximately 30% of venous thromboembolism patients die within 30 days of onset, usually after the development of pulmonary embolism. One-third to one-half of venous thromboembolism patients develop recurrent VT or suffer debilitating long-term morbidity, including chronic pain, edema, and intractable venous leg ulcers (post-thrombotic syndrome).1–4 See accompanying article on page 1052 Our current understanding of VT is based on a conceptual model in which a combination of abnormalities in the blood (proteins and cells), blood vessels (endothelial cell activation and vessel architecture), and blood flow (disturbed flow or stasis) contribute to venous thrombus formation (so-called Virchow’s Triad). Although contributions of plasma hypercoagulability to thrombosis have been well-characterized, the integrated biochemical and biophysical contributions of red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and leukocytes remained poorly defined by either epidemiological or basic research studies. Moreover, although venous thrombi are thought to originate in venous valve pockets5—hypoxic regions of low flow immediately adjacent to the valves—prior studies have not interrogated the specific impact of venous valve geometry (shape) or local hemodynamics on thrombus formation. Increased understanding of both hemodynamics and valve geometry to thrombus initiation and propagation requires …
Adult-Onset Rasmussen’s Encephalitis: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges (P2.246)

Objective: To characterize the clinical characteristics of adult-onset Rasmussen’s encephalitis Background: Rasmussen’s encephalitis is a rare neurologic disorder characterized by gradual cerebral hemiatrophy and medically refractory epilepsy. The pathogenesis is thought to be immune-mediated focal encephalitis and current treatment strategies range from hemispherectomy to acute and chronic immunomodulatory therapy. The majority of the current literature on this topic is focused on the pediatric population. Design/Methods: In this case series, we will review three cases of adult-onset Rasmussen’s encephalitis, as defined by fulfillment of the 2005 Bien criteria. The diagnostic challenge of characterizing this rare disease will be highlighted by the extensive serum, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and pathologic sampling in all three patients. MR imaging and EEG data will be examined over time to characterize hallmark findings as well as progression. Additionally, we will review the various forms of therapy attempted in these three patients, namely anti-epileptic drug (AED) therapy and immunomodulatory therapy. Results: Extensive serum, CSF, and pathologic sampling did not reveal diagnoses of known neurodegenerative conditions related to infectious, autoimmune, or paraneoplastic etiologies. In all patients, progressive hemi-atrophy with focal T2 hyperintensities was seen on MR imaging. Focal epilepsy, as well as epilepsia partialis continua, was observed on long-term EEG monitoring, Lastly, clinical responses to AEDs and immunotherapy were varied but uniformly non-curative. Conclusions: Rasmussen’s encephalitis represents both a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge in adult populations. Disclosure: Dr. Castellano has nothing to disclose. Dr. Meyer has nothing to disclose. Dr. Lado has nothing to disclose.
Dielectric properties of amorphous Ta-Ge-O and Ta-Si-O thin films

We have investigated the structural and dielectric properties of two complementary amorphous oxide systems, Ta-Ge-O and Ta-Si-O. We found that these two chemically similar amorphous systems exhibit substantially different composition-property trends. In particular, the dielectric constant of Ta-Ge-O is strongly enhanced in Ta2O5-rich films as previously reported, while only a slight enhancement was observed for any Ta-Si-O compositions and the index of refraction does not show any appreciable enhancement in either system. We determined the effective polarizabilities of the mixed oxides by directly inferring the density of the films, avoiding the assumption that atomic polarizations are additive. The results confirm that Ta2O5-rich compositions in the Ta-Ge-O system exhibit an ionic polarizability that is strongly enhanced over the value expected using the rule of mixtures, which suggests that even small levels of incorporation of GeO2 have a substantial effect on the vibrational structure of the oxide. In this work, we have explored the limitations of the Clausius-Mossotti relation, showing that calculating the dielectric constant using tabulated atomic polarizabilities and experimentally inferred molecular volumes systematically underestimates the dielectric constant for both systems. Only by directly measuring densities and dielectric properties, are we able to expose trends that can be definitively interpreted.We have investigated the structural and dielectric properties of two complementary amorphous oxide systems, Ta-Ge-O and Ta-Si-O. We found that these two chemically similar amorphous systems exhibit substantially different composition-property trends. In particular, the dielectric constant of Ta-Ge-O is strongly enhanced in Ta2O5-rich films as previously reported, while only a slight enhancement was observed for any Ta-Si-O compositions and the index of refraction does not show any appreciable enhancement in either system. We determined the effective polarizabilities of the mixed oxides by directly inferring the density of the films, avoiding the assumption that atomic polarizations are additive. The results confirm that Ta2O5-rich compositions in the Ta-Ge-O system exhibit an ionic polarizability that is strongly enhanced over the value expected using the rule of mixtures, which suggests that even small levels of incorporation of GeO2 have a substantial effect on the vibrational structure of the oxide. In...
A Simple Modification of ESPRIT

In this letter, a manifold reconstruction based ESPRIT algorithm is devised for direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation. Unlike the standard ESPRIT approach, the proposed method employs two smaller overlapping subarrays to construct the rotational invariance equation, which is then used to recover the array manifold matrix. This way, the DOA estimation can be split into K single-source DOA estimation problems, where each DOA is estimated by minimizing a nonlinear least squares fitting criterion that is solved via a computationally efficient Newton's method. Numerical results are included to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Annotated Bibliography: Other Studies

McGee, Robert W. Serkan Benk, Adriana M. Ross & Harun Kilicaslan (2009). An Empirical Study of Ethical Opinion in Germany. Journal of Accounting, Ethics & Public Policy, 10(2), 243–259.
On the Reality of Economic Illusion

Economists have long taken the reasonable position that a consumer’s satisfaction cannot be evaluated correctly by counting his tangible possessions; rather, his welfare must in some way reflect the utility he derives from different quantities and combinations of such possessions, given that person’s psychological make-up. Yet this way of looking at choice and welfare has not kept us from what can be considered an analogous fallacy in which consumer’s preferences are taken to be free from ‘irrationalities’ and illusions, terms whose connotations will become clearer as we proceed. On this basis, at least some economists have advocated measures which are widely disliked, presumably upon the grounds that, despite their unpopularity, they really serve the public’s true welfare. An example is the view that income tax is to be preferred to an excise, both because the latter is generally more regressive and because it may lead to a poorer allocation of resources (though lately the literature on the ‘second best’ has cast serious doubt on this second contention). I will suggest that the contrary is likely to be true: that even considering its distributive effects the excise is often likely to be, shall we say, nearly Pareto preferable: it may well leave nearly everyone better off.
The Respiratory Burst of Fertilization

The activation of a transient burst of cellular respiration was first studied using the system of fertilization as developed in the early part of this century by Warburg,1,2 Shearer,3 and others. Biochemists were attracted to the fertilized egg as a key to cellular mechanisms, for the response of an egg to the fertilizing sperm is one of the most dramatic events in biology. Marine invertebrates have been the classic system for the study of these phenomena, because of the large quantity of gametes that can be obtained, and since fertilization occurs in the open sea under conditions that can be readily reproduced in the laboratory. If the fusion of the plasma membranes of egg and sperm is considered the moment of fertilization, the events that follow can be divided into two broad categories: early events, which occur within a few minutes of fertilization and consist primarily of mechanisms to prevent the entry of additional sperm; and later events, which follow the establishment of a block to polyspermy and initiate the developmental program.
Radiometric stability in 16 years of AIRS hyperspectral infrared data

With global warming at the rate of 10 mK/yr, it is important to carefully characterize instrument related trends, if the AIRS data are used for climate change research. We evaluated the stability of the AIRS Level 1B version 5 calibration for seven atmospheric window channels between 2002 and 2018 under clear ocean clear conditions. We do this by analyzing the trend in the difference between the observed brightness temperatures and those calculated based on the daily Sea Surface Temperature product provided by NOAA. Trends for the 961, 1128 and 1231 cm -1 channels are close to +3 mK/yr, at 790 and 901 cm -1 the trends are 6 mK/yr. For all observation the AIRS window channels read increasingly warmer. The observed trends are day/night consistent and insensitive to changes in the clear filter. The effects of scattering due to scan mirror contamination are evident at 2508 and 2616 cm -1 for extremely cold scenes surrounded by warm scenes, but scattering does not produces the observed warming trends for warm scenes. It is possible that much of the observed warming in the AIRS window channels is due to a shift in the day/night and skin effect corrections, which was not accounted for in our analysis. This would be a new geophysical effect related to the warming of the oceans, which requires more careful evaluation.
Abstract IA14: An atlas of the tumor immune ecosystem

We created a comprehensive atlas of breast tumor-immune ecosystem by collecting a dataset of over 50,000 single immune cell transcriptomes from different types of human breast cancer, normal breast tissue, peripheral blood, and the lymph node using single-cell RNA-seq, and analyzed with novel computational clustering and normalization techniques. Our analyses revealed remarkably increased heterogeneity of intratumoral cells of both lymphoid and myeloid cell lineages, which occupy significantly expanded contiguous phenotypic space in comparison to normal breast tissue. The observed continuum of cell states is associated with their progressive cellular activation and differentiation and argues strongly against the notion of few discrete states of differentiation or activation of individual cell types shaping the tumor microenvironment. The substantial heterogeneity of cell states within major cell types and across patients is also driven by complex coexpression relationships between genes, and by extension their potential suitability as therapeutic cotargets. Citation Format: Dana Pe’er. An atlas of the tumor immune ecosystem [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.
Quantitative vibratory sensation measurement is related to sensory cortical thickness in MS.

Objective Vibratory sensation is a quantifiable measure of physical dysfunction and is often related to spinal cord pathology; however, its association with relevant brain areas has not been fully explored. Our objective was to establish a cortical structural substrate for vibration sensation. Methods Eighty-four individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) (n = 54 relapsing, n = 30 progressive) and 28 controls participated in vibratory sensation threshold quantification at the great toe and a 3T MRI evaluating volume of the thalamus and cortical thickness primary and secondary sensory cortices. Results After controlling for age, sex, and disability level, vibratory sensation thresholds were significantly related to cortical thickness of the anterior cingulate (P = 0.041), parietal operculum (P = 0.022), and inferior frontal gyrus pars operculum (P = 0.044), pars orbitalis (P = 0.007), and pars triangularis (P = 0.029). Within the progressive disease subtype, there were significant relationships between vibratory sensation and thalamic volume (P = 0.039) as well as reduced inferior frontal gyrus pars operculum (P = 0.014) and pars orbitalis (P = 0.005) cortical thickness. Conclusions The data show significant independent relationships between quantitative vibratory sensation and measures of primary and secondary sensory cortices. Quantitative clinical measurement of vibratory sensation reflects pathological changes in spatially distinct brain areas and may supplement information captured by brain atrophy measures. Without overt relapses, monitoring decline in progressive forms of MS has proved challenging; quantitative clinical assessment may provide a tool to examine pathological decline in this cohort. These data suggest that quantitative clinical assessment may be a reliable way to examine pathological decline and have broader relevance to progressive forms of MS.
Matching Creativity Perceptions and Capabilities: Exploring the Impact of Feedback Messages:

This two-part study first examines the accuracy of participants’ self-perceptions of creativity and looks at the effects of positive or negative feedback on creativity capability or output. Results...
A Sense of Where You are: Functions of the Spatial Module

The concluding paper of a symposium on spatial cognition might be expected to provide a broad overview of the subject — to consider how far the study of “cognitive maps” has come, and perhaps even where it will go next. But these volumes have covered so much ground that an adequate survey would be nearly impossible, and I will not attempt one here. I will discuss only a few selected characteristics of the remarkable cognitive system — the “module,” to use a currently popular word — that underlies human spatial behavior, and present a few additional hypotheses about how it works and how it is used. Although the spatial module is primarily a perceptual system, tuned to objectively-existing information structures that specify the layout of the environment, human beings have adapted it to many other purposes. General spatial metaphors like those in my first two sentences are obvious examples, but our persistent tendency to spatialize personal time may be even more important. I will argue that by treating our own past histories as if they were essentially strings of once-visited places, we manage to use a system originally evolved to store information about (indefinitely many) locations as a way of remembering (innumerable) personal events. Autobiographical memory itself may thus be partly dependent on the mechanisms of spatial cognition.