cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Study of Oil and Filter Change Periods and Engine Oil Monitoring for GM 6V-71 Diesel Bus Engines

Thirteen new 1965 buses having GM 6V-71 diesel engines were put on various oil/filter change periods from 6000/6000 to 25000/25000 miles, and operated in normal passenger service for seven years (1966-1973) to determine the optimum oil/filter change interval. Crankcase oil was tested periodically, and oil filters were examined after scheduled removal. Maintenance and operation records were kept. Finally, at the overhaul point, some engine parts were examined. The optimum oil/filter change period was judged to be 25000/125000 miles, in conjunction with field testing for solids load, water and dilution. Oil change periods greater than 25000 miles may be possible in view of the levelling off effect of contaminants in an that burns a relatively fixed amount of oil. Filter change periods, however, should not be increased. Because three oil types were used in all test engines, conclusions regarding the acceptability of any one type of oil are tenuous.
Exact solvability in chiral and gauge theories

Kac-Moody subalgebras are discussed in the context of the principal chiral models and SUM gauge theory. For self-dual gauge fields, a new set of conserved currents is given here as a guide in the search for the DμFμν = 0 hidden invariance.
Florida v. Jardines: Why the Supreme Court Did Not Say 'Trespass'

This article speculates as to why the Supreme Court, applying the property-based leg of United States v. Jones, did not use the word "trespass" even once in the majority opinion, as it had been used dozens of times in Jones. It asserts that considerations of comity and federalism may have driven the Court's choice of language.
Chapter 13 – Exploring Use of the Reserved Core

In this chapter, we illustrate benefits of thinking in terms of thread management techniques when using a centralized scheduler model along with interoperability of MPI and PThread. This is facilitated through an exploration of thread placement strategies for an algorithm modeling radiative heat transfer with special attention to the 61st core. This algorithm plays a key role within the Uintah Computational Framework (UCF) and current efforts taking place at the University of Utah to model next-generation, large-scale clean coal boilers. In such simulations, this algorithm models the dominant form of heat transfer and consumes a large portion of compute time. Exemplified by a real-world example, this chapter presents our early efforts in porting a key portion of a scalability-centric codebase to the Intel Xeon Phi coprocessor. Specifically, this chapter presents results from our experiments profiling the native execution of a reverse Monte-Carlo ray tracing-based radiation model on a single coprocessor. These results demonstrate that our fastest run configurations utilized the 61st core and that performance was not profoundly impacted when explicitly oversubscribing the coprocessor operating system thread. Additionally, this chapter presents a portion of radiation model source code, a MIC-centric UCF cross-compilation example, and less conventional thread management technique formore » developers utilizing the PThreads threading model.« less
El policial palimpséstico en “Marta Odera, monja” de Marisa Grinstein

Abstract This article investigates the emergence of detective fiction and film from 1994 to the present. The corpus appears during the government of Carlos Menem and its intent to insert Argentina into a globalized economy. Poverty, insecurity, and violence prevail in Argentine society, and many detective novels, based on real-life murders, appear in 1994. Moreover, this type of literature continues to proliferate in the twenty-first century. In this essay, I explore one of the many stories written by Marisa Grinstein. I begin with the newspaper article and trace its transformation into short fiction and television series. The articles about the homicide follow the tendencies of the sensationalist yellow press. The author and the film director of “Marta Odera, monja,” however, transform the events, following and also subverting the characteristics of the classic detective fiction and the hard-boiled. In doing so, these recreations of this particular murder case denounce the domestic violence that exists i...
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the vagina

Abstract A woman with a recurrent malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the vagina was treated by local wide excision. The patient is free of recurrent disease 16 months after the operation.
Current and novel therapeutics in the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with significant clinical heterogeneity. Recent advances in our understanding of the genetic, molecular, and cellular bases of autoimmune diseases and especially SLE have led to the application of novel and targeted treatments. Although many treatment modalities are effective in lupus-prone mice, the situation is more complex in human subjects. This article reviews the general approach to the therapy of SLE, focusing on current approved therapies and novel approaches that might be used in the future.
Phospholipid molecular species of frog rod outer segment membranes

Abstract Phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were isolated from frog retinal rod outer segment (ROS) membranes and their major molecular species determined. Saturated fatty acids are predominantly located on position-1 and polyunsaturates on position-2, although this assignment is not absolute. One-fifth of the species of PC are of the saturated and monoenoic type, compared to only trace amounts of these species in PE. On the other hand, PE contains at least 50% dipolyunsaturated species, while PC has 6%. The predominant molecular species of frog PC are: 18:0–22:6ω3(39%), 16:0–22:6ω3(17%), 16:0–16:1(6%), 16:0–18:1(5%) and 16:0–16:0(4%). The major molecular species of frog PE are: 22:6ω3–22:6ω3 (21%), 18:0–22:6ω3 (18%). 18:1–22:6ω3 (14%), 22:4ω6–22:6ω3 (10%), 22:5ω(3+6)–22:6ω3 (10%), 16:0–22:6ω3 (7%) and 20:4ω6–22:6ω3 (5%). The specific molecular species are discussed in relation to their effect on fluidity and asymmetry of ROS dise membranes.
The backlog process in queues with random service speed

This paper examines the backlog (total amount of unfinished work in the system) in a single server queue that works in a ‘random environment’. Specifically, the service speed is described by an exogenous (non-negative) ‘environment’ process. We characterize the time-dependent backlog via a stochastic integral equation and use this equation to compute stationary performance measures. For the M/G/1 queue, our results lead to a generalization of the Pollaczek-Khintchine transform equation for backlog that ‘explains’ why congestion is greater in a queue with random service speed than in an equivalent queue with constant service speed. We provide a numerical example that helps to illustrate our results.
Revenue Requirement Analysis with Working Capital Changes: A Tutorial

ABSTRACT This paper provides an explicit method for including working capital changes in minimum annual revenue requirement analysis. It also shows the equivalence of cash flow and revenue requirement approaches when working capital changes are included in the analysis of capital expenditures.
Phase equilibria in the Ga- In- Ni system at 600 °C

Phase equilibria are established in the Ga-In-Ni system at 600 °C using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The system is characterized by a notable absence of ternary solubility among the constituent binary phases. The only exception is the phase Ni2ln3, which dissolves a maximum of 12.7 at% Ga. Two ternary phases exist in the compositional vicinity of γ TVi13Ga9 and Ni5Ga3, both of which contain approximately 10 at.% In. These phases are considered to be superlattice structures derived from that of the binary, high-temperature phase γNi3Ga2, which possesses a partially filled NiAs (B81) structure. The phase diagram isotherm determined in the present investigation was also compared with an isotherm calculated using experimental thermodynamic data for the constituent binary phases, which are available in the literature. The calculated and experimental isotherms agree well.
SPCA2 regulates Orai1 trafficking and store independent Ca2+ entry in a model of lactation.

An unconventional interaction between SPCA2, an isoform of the Golgi secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase, and the Ca2+ influx channel Orai1, has previously been shown to contribute to elevated Ca2+ influx in breast cancer derived cells. In order to investigate the physiological role of this interaction, we examined expression and localization of SPCA2 and Orai1 in mouse lactating mammary glands. We observed co-induction and co-immunoprecipitation of both proteins, and isoform-specific differences in the localization of SPCA1 and SPCA2. Three-dimensional cultures of normal mouse mammary epithelial cells were established using lactogenic hormones and basement membrane. The mammospheres displayed elevated Ca2+ influx by store independent mechanisms, consistent with upregulation of both SPCA2 and Orai1. Knockdown of either SPCA2 or Orai1 severely depleted Ca2+ influx and interfered with mammosphere differentiation. We show that SPCA2 is required for plasma membrane trafficking of Orai1 in mouse mammary epithelial cells and that this function can be replaced, at least in part, by a membrane-anchored C-terminal domain of SPCA2. These findings clearly show that SPCA2 and Orai1 function together to regulate Store-independent Ca2+ entry (SICE), which mediates the massive basolateral Ca2+ influx into mammary epithelia to support the large calcium transport requirements for milk secretion.
Electronic Structure of the d1 Bent-metallocene Cp2VCl2: A Photoelectron and Density Functional Study

The Cp(2)VCl(2) molecule is a prototype for bent metallocene complexes with a single electron in the metal d shell, but experimental measure of the binding energy of the d electron by photoelectron spectroscopy eluded early attempts due to apparent decomposition in the spectrometer to Cp(2)VCl. With improved instrumentation, the amount of decomposition is reduced and subtraction of ionization intensity due to Cp(2)VCl from the Cp(2)VCl(2)/Cp(2)VCl mixed spectrum yields the Cp(2)VCl(2) spectrum exclusively. The measured ionization energies provide well-defined benchmarks for electronic structure calculations. Density functional calculations support the spectral interpretations and agree well with the ionization energy of the d(1) electron and the energies of the higher positive ion states of Cp(2)VCl(2). The calculations also account well for the trends to the other Group V bent metallocene dichlorides Cp(2)NbCl(2) and Cp(2)TaCl(2). The first ionization energy of Cp(2)VCl(2) is considerably greater than the first ionization energies of the second- and third-row transition metal analogues.
New ring resonator configuration using hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structures.

We propose a new method of realizing ring resonators based on hybrid photonic crystal and conventional waveguide structures. The proposed ring resonator configuration is advantageous compared with general ring resonator structures for its controllability of the quality (Q) factor, free spectral range (FSR), and full width at half maximum (FWHM) over a wide range. We show ring resonator structures based on a single mode waveguide with core and clad refractive indices of 1.5 and 1.465, respectively. A 35µm×50µm ring resonator has a free spectral range (FSR) of 14.1nm and a quality (Q) factor of 595 with high optical efficiency (92.7%). By decreasing the size of the ring resonator to 35µm×35µm, the FSR is increased to 19.8nm. Modifying the splitting ratio of the beam splitters permits the Q factor to be increased to 1600.
Sufficient Conditions for the Success of GPS

A formal model of a problem is developed and its relationship to the General Problem Solver (GPS) is discussed. Before GPS can work on a problem it must be given differences, a difference-ordering, and a table of connections, in addition to the specifications of a problem. Formal definitions of this additional information are given, and sufficient conditions for the success of GPS are derived. These conditions point out the utility of differences and a difference-ordering that yield a “triangular” table of connections. Several different formulations of the Tower of Hanoi are given to illustrate the formal concepts. The use of subproblems in narrowing search is discussed.
Illusory correlations in preschoolers

Abstract People form illusory correlations (ICs) such that they will at times perceive a relationship between variables even when no such relationship exists. Three experiments with undergraduates (N = 20), 5-year-olds (N = 71), and 3-year-olds (N = 52) explored the origins of ICs: When, and under what conditions, does the disposition to form ICs emerge? Results showed that, like adults, 5-year-olds formed ICs for large samples of evidence (Experiment 1), but 5-year-olds did not do so for smaller samples (Experiment 2). Three- and 5-year-olds formed ICs for small samples when the evidence was presented in a way that promoted an attention shift from one category to the other during category learning (Experiment 3). These results suggest ICs are due, in large part, to limitations in processing capacity and biases in attentional learning mechanisms. The results provide insights regarding the conditions that influence children's ability to detect and use regularities in the available input and thus have implications for understanding their performance on a broad range of cognitive tasks.
Safety considerations in the epilepsy monitoring unit for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Injury occurs in epilepsy monitoring units (EMUs) to patients with epileptic seizures (ES); however, there are limited data regarding the safety concerns of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) being monitored in EMUs. We reviewed EMU records from 116 PNES and compared them to 170 ES. Three falls (2.6%) occurred in PNES without injury compared to 6 falls (3.5%) in ES with 1 injury, a facial hematoma. Of the 9 total falls, 8 patients were ambulatory during their events. Several adverse incidents occurred for both groups. Of the PNES without staff response, 30 of 39 were due to PNES being less than 60s in duration, and 16 of 39 involved lack of push-button activation to alert the staff. For the ES group, 57 of 101 were due to electrographic seizures without seizure detection software or push-button activation. Similar safety protocols should be administered while monitoring these patients regardless of seizure type.
Comments on ‘Evolutionary neural network modelling for software cumulative failure time prediction’ by Liang Tian and Afzel Noore [Reliability Engineering and System Safety 87 (2005) 45–51]

This paper [Tian L, Noore A. Evolutionary neural network modelling for software cumulative failure time prediction. Reliab Eng Syst Saf 2005; 87:45–51] purports to present a useful means of predicting the cumulative failure time function for software reliability growth. In fact, the nature of the ‘prediction’ is too simplistic to be of use. Furthermore, the authors' claims for the accuracy of the predictions appear to be without value.
Vancomycin Therapy for Serious Staphylococcal Infections in Chronic Hemodialysis Patients

Vancomycin therapy during 7 episodes of serious staphylococcal infections in chronic hemodialysis patients was monitored by a sensitive bioassay technique. One gm of vancomycin was given during dialysis at a mean dosage interval of 7 days for a mean duration of 48 days. Serum peak and trough vancomycin levels were monitored during therapy. Accumulation of vancomycin occurred in 1 patient on prolonged therapy; progressive rising trough levels required a reduction in vancomycin dosage. Pre and post-dialysis vancomycin levels in one patient were unchanged. Vancomycin was effective in erradication of all staphylococcal infections and bacteremias. Three A-V shunt infections required surgical revision; 2 A-V fistula infections were salvaged with vancomycin therapy alone. We conclude that 1 gm vancomycin every 7 days is an effective regimen for serious staphylococcal infections in chronic hemodialysis patients. Monitoring of vancomycin levels insures maintenance of adequate levels and prevents toxic accumulation.
The preparation of (perfluoroalkyl)imidazoles as nonpeptide angiotensin II receptor antagonists

Abstract A series of (perfluoroalkyl)imidazoles have been prepared and are potent angiotensin II antagonists. One of these compounds, DuP 532, 4-pentafluoroethyl-2-propyl-1-[[2′-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]imidazole-5-carboxylic acid, is a selective antagonist of angiotensin II which causes a marked and long-lasting drop in blood pressure when administered orally to a renal hypertensive rat.
Computing Point Enclosures

Given a set of n rectangles in the plane, the point enclosure query is the question to determine for any point p which rectangles of the set it is contained in. It is the "dual" of the well-known range query in computational geometry. It is shown that the point enclosure query in the plane can be answered in 0(log n + k) time, where k is the number of rectangles reported. The solution makes use of a new data structure, called the S-tree. The data structure can be generalized to obtain an efficient algorithm for the point enclosure problem in d-dimensional space d ≥ 2.
Attention and spatial selection: electrophysiological evidence for modulation by perceptual load.

Behavioral data have suggested that perceptual load can modulate spatial selection by influencing the allocation of attentional resources at perceptual-level processing stages (Lavie & Tsal, 1994). To directly test this hypothesis, event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded for both low- and high-perceptual-load targets in a probabilistic spatial cuing paradigm. The results from three experiments showed that, as measured by the lateral occipital P1 and Nl ERP components, the magnitude of spatially selective processing in extrastriate visual cortex increased with perceptual load. Furthermore, these effects on spatial selection were found in the P1 at lower levels of perceptual load than in the N1. The ERP data thus provide direct electrophysiological support for proposals that link perceptual load to early spatial selection in visual processing. However, our findings suggest a relatively broader model—where perceptual load is but one of many factors mediating early selection.
Does Money Buy Votes? The Case of Self-Financed Gubernatorial Candidates, 1998–2008

Because campaign spending correlates strongly with election results, observers of American politics frequently lament that money seems to buy votes. However, the apparent effect of spending on votes is severely inflated by omitted variable bias: The best candidates also happen to be the best fundraisers. Acting strategically, campaign donors direct their funds toward the “best” candidates, who would be more likely to win even in a moneyless world. These donor behaviors spuriously amplify the correlation between spending and votes. As evidence for this argument, I show that (non-strategic) self-financed spending has no statistical effect on election results, whereas (strategic) externally-financed spending does.
Sector choices for public service delivery The transaction cost implications of executive turnover

The question of whether private firms should contract out for products and services or provide them internally (i.e. become more vertically integrated) has been a topic that has concerned scholars for many years. This article argues that the transaction costs in local contracting choices are linked to the characteristics of political systems that influence political and administrative uncertainty. Our analysis examines the transaction costs that result from executive turnover. Specifically, we are concerned with how uncertainty resulting from turnover in leadership positions in city government affects the ability of a municipality to negotiate contracts, make credible commitments to suppliers and faithfully uphold and enforce contracts once they are in force. We find that manager turnover reduces the likelihood of contracting with private sector providers. Mayor turnover has the opposite effect increasing contracting with both government and for-profit providers.
Use of a High-Pressure/Variable-Temperature Infrared Flow Cell To Examine the Reaction Kinetics of the Migratory Insertion Intermediate (η5-C5H5)Fe(CO)C(O)CH3 by Time-Resolved Spectroscopy

The reactive intermediate CpFe(CO)C(O)CH3 (I; Cp = η5-C5H5) was prepared by flash photolysis of CpFe(CO)2C(O)CH3 (A) in cyclohexane solutions and its reaction kinetics interrogated by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy in a flow system designed to allow equilibration of photolysis solutions at elevated temperatures and high carbon monoxide pressures. The high CO pressures (PCO ≤ 28 atm) allowed for the measurement of the previously undetermined second-order rate constant (kCO) of CO trapping of I to regenerate A, which under these conditions occurs in competition with migration of the methyl group from the carbonyl carbon to the iron (kM). These rates were also measured over the temperature range 25−45 °C, which allowed the determination of the activation parameters for methyl migration (ΔH⧧ = 44 ± 2 kJ mol-1, ΔS⧧ = −5 ± 8 J K-1 mol-1) and for reaction with CO (ΔH⧧ = 34 ± 2 kJ mol-1, ΔS⧧ = −28 ± 6 J K-1 mol-1). The mechanistic implications of these results are discussed. Details regarding the design of t...
Sudden cardiac death in diabetes mellitus: risk factors in the Rochester diabetic neuropathy study

Objectives: To determine risk factors for sudden cardiac death and the role of diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) in the Rochester diabetic neuropathy study (RDNS) Methods: Associations between diabetic and cardiovascular complications, including DAN, and the risk of sudden cardiac death were studied among 462 diabetic patients (151 type 1) enrolled in the RDNS. Medical records, death certificates, and necropsy reports were assessed for causes of sudden cardiac death. Results: 21 cases of sudden cardiac death were identified over 15 years of follow up. In bivariate analysis of risk covariates, the following were significant: ECG 1 (evolving and previous myocardial infarctions): hazard ratio (HR) = 4.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.6 to 12.1), p = 0.004; ECG 2 (bundle branch block or pacing): HR = 8.6 (2.9 to 25.4), p Conclusions: Sudden cardiac death was correlated with atherosclerotic heart disease and nephropathy, and to a lesser degree with DAN and HDL cholesterol. Although DAN is associated with sudden cardiac death, it is unlikely to be its primary cause.
Overview of quantum cascade laser research at the Center for Quantum Devices

Over the past several years, our group has endeavored to develop high power quantum cascade lasers for a variety of remote and high sensitivity infrared applications. The systematic optimization of laser performance has allowed for demonstration of high power, continuous-wave quantum cascade lasers operating above room temperature. In the past year alone, the efficiency and power of our short wavelength lasers (λ~4.8 μm) has doubled. In continuous wave at room temperature, we have now separately demonstrated ~10% wallplug efficiency and ~700 mW of output power. Up to now, we have been able to show that room temperature continuous wave operation with >100 mW output power in the 3.8< λ<11.5 μm wavelength range is possible.
Novel Rhein Analogues as Potential Anticancer Agents

Two series of rhein analogues were synthesized with modification at the 3-position. Their cytotoxicities were evaluated using an MTT assay. Among all the compounds synthesized, one compound showed the best potency, with an IC(50) value of 2.7 μM against the HeLa cell line and 0.6 μM against the MOLT4 cell line.
Examination of aerodynamic measures and strain by vibratory source

Objectives Patients with laryngotracheal stenosis often require airway reconstruction. Following surgical intervention, voicing may be produced with either a glottic or supraglottic vibratory source. The objective of this study was to compare average airflow, estimated subglottal pressure, and expert perceptual rating of strain between children with glottic and supraglottic vibratory sources post–airway reconstruction. Study design This study was a non-randomized prospective study conducted at the Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC), Center for Pediatric Voice Disorders, and included 12 participants with a diagnosis of subglottic stenosis, post-laryngotracheal reconstruction. Results Expert perceptual ratings of strain were significantly higher for participants with supraglottic versus glottic voicing ( P = 0.0001). Although the mean airflow measure was higher for participants with glottic phonation and mean pressure measure was higher for those with supraglottic voicing, these comparisons failed to reach significance. Conclusions Patients who exhibit supraglottic phonation patterns demonstrate greater strain during speech, as well as potential alterations to aerodynamic patterns. Significance The significant differences in perceived strain by vibratory source are noteworthy, as perceptual quality is always a patient’s motivation to seek treatment.
The molecular arrangement of a vitamin K1 monolayer at the air-water interface

Abstract The quinone head group orientation is determined during compression of a vitamin K 1 monolayer on water. Resonant second harmonic generation indicates that the long axis of the quinone group remains in the surface plane upon film compression. In previous work, the short axis of the head group was shown to orient at 24° relative to the surface normal upon film compression.
Multiscale aspects of cardiac control

Abstract We report some recent attempts to understand the dynamics of complex physiologic fluctuations by adapting and extending concepts and methods developed very recently in statistical physics. We first review recent progress using wavelet-based multifractal analysis, magnitude and sign decomposition analysis and a new segmentation algorithm to quantify multiscale features of heartbeat interval series. We then investigate how heartbeat dynamics change with circadian influences and under pathologic conditions, and we discuss their possible relation to the underlaying cardiac control mechanisms. The analytic tools we discuss may be used on a wider range of physiologic signals.
Anderson–Stuart model to analyze conductivity of fluormica glass-ceramics

Abstract AC and DC conductivities have been measured in glass-ceramics (GC) at different temperatures in the range 298–628 K and in the frequency range 100 Hz–5 MHz. Using the Anderson–Stuart model, we have calculated the activation energy, which is observed to be lower than that of the DC conductivity. The analysis for glass-ceramics indicates that the conductivity variation with frequency exhibits an initial linear region followed by nonlinear region with a maximum in the high-frequency region. The observed frequency dependence of ionic conductivity has been analyzed within the extended Anderson–Stuart model considering both the electrostatics and elastic strain terms. In glass-ceramic, the calculations based on the Anderson–Stuart model agree with the experimental observations in the low-frequency region but at higher frequencies, there is departure from measured data. In glass-ceramics, the conductivity behavior is in better agreement with the Anderson–Stuart model.
An alternative method for obtaining high-viability cell suspensions from neonatal mouse brain

Abstract Cultured brain cells have contributed greatly to our understanding of a variety of neurobiological processes. The ability to culture brain tissue is important for studying cellular processes underlying unique neural properties. Traditional culturing techniques commonly involve triturating tissue through glass Pastuer pipets, which are inappropriate for use with potentially biohazardous materials. We therefore developed an alternative method for dissociating brain tissue. The protocol combines enzymatic digestion and mechanical dissociation with additives to the dissection medium that protect the cells against other sources of injury, including glutamate neurotoxicity, oxidative damage, and excessively alkaline pH. We find this method works well with post-natal mouse brain, consistently giving cell viabilities in the range of 92–99% and an average yield of 3.1 × 10 6 cells per mouse.
Pore Water Profiles and Early Diagenesis of Mn, Cu, and Pb in Sediments from Large Lakes

Mn Cu and Pb were measured in pore waters at a site in the Caribou sub-basin Lake Superior. The pore water profiles show evidence for the post-depositional mobility of the metals, consistent with interpretations made from sediment concentration profiles. The pore water and sediment concentration profiles of Mn appear to be diagenetically linked. Diagenetic modeling results indicate that the measured profiles are not in a steady-state relationship. The cause of the non-steady-state conditions is unclear but may be related to recent changes in sedimentation rates and in Mn2+ oxidation rates. Flux estimates for Cu and Pb show that these metals could be diffusing from the sediment to overlying water. The decomposition of organic matter is suggested as a source for the metals. A significant amount of Cu and Pb brought to the sediment surface during sedimentation appears to be recycled to the pore waters. This suggests that concentration profiles of these metals in the sediment may not be reliable indicators of the timing and amounts of anthropogenic metal input to Lake Superior.
Orientation of the sand-beach amphipod, Orchestoidea corniculata

Abstract Laboratory experiments demonstrated that Orchestoidea corniculata, a sand-beach amphipod, can orient to slopes of only 3°. Studies suggest they reach the upper interdial zone where they burrow by moving up a wet slope or down a dry slope. When they emerge from the sand at night, however, they either reverse this response or show no response to slope. This behaviour, enhanced by a preference for wet, surface sand, would account for the initial seaward movement observed in the field. Behavioural variations among differing segments of the population were investigated. Three additional beach inhabitants oriented to slope, thus indicating the mechanism of slope orientation as a possible generalization in the beach habitat.
What role do lay beliefs about hypertension etiology play in perceptions of medication effectiveness

Background Some people take the disease label "hypertension" literally; leading to the belief that increasing relaxation instead of medication is the best treatment for this condition. We experimentally tested the effect of such underlying beliefs on ratings of interventions for hypertension and compared alternative communication strategies to increase medication effectiveness ratings. Methods Outpatients (N = 152) with a known diagnosis of hypertension read a vignette describing an asymptomatic condition and recommended treatment. Experimental factors were the disease label (Hypertension vs. Korotkoff's Syndrome) and type of argument designed to persuade the reader that medication is most effective (Causal vs. Correlational). Measures Background measures included demographics, beliefs that stress causes health problems and trust in physicians. Outcomes were effectiveness ratings for interventions to treat the condition. Results Participants who read a vignette describing "Hypertension" rated "relaxing more" as significantly more effective than participants exposed to the same condition but with the unfamiliar "Korotkoff's Syndrome" label, [F(1, 141) = 5.22, p = .024]. However, medication, reducing salty foods and losing weight were rated as more effective than relaxing more. Intervention ratings did not differ by type of argument presented. There was a significant interaction of disease label and trust in physicians [F(1, 125) = 7.01, p = .009]. Individuals with low trust rated medication as significantly less effective when exposed to an unfamiliar disease label. Conclusions This study confirms the effect of the hypertension disease label on ratings of different interventions for the condition. However, participants rated biomedically recommended interventions as more effective than those not endorsed.
Community colleges and adult service learners: Evaluating a first-year program to improve implementation

A new service learning program at a community college uses evaluation results to improve the experience for adult students.
MULTIVARIATE PROCEDURES IN THE STUDY OF ATTITUDES AND STATUS IMPRESSIONS

Abstract In recent years multidimensional scaling and conjoint measurement have provided a variety of techniques for data analysis and display. This paper applies some of these procedures to the portrayal of individuals' perceptions and attitudes toward intracity transportation modes and mode users. Conjoint measurement is compared to the experimental vignette as a way to measure the components of status impressions in the context of transportation mode selection.
Spectra and structure of phosphorous—boron compounds. XVII. Vibrational analysis of silylphosphine—borane

Abstract Infrared spectra of solid SiH 3 PH 2 BH 3 and SiH 3 PH 2 BD 3 have been recorded from 80 to 3800 cm −1 . The Raman spectra of liquid and solid SiH 3 PH 2 BH 3 and SiH 3 PH 2 BD 3 have been recorded to 4000 cm −1 . A complete vibrational assignment is proposed and a normal coordinate calculation utilizing a valence force field model has been carried out. The force constant of 2.10 mdyn/A determined for the P-B stretching mode is consistent with the relative dissociative stability of the silylphosphine—borane adduct. This constant is compared to the corresponding quantity for several other phosphine—borane compounds. The number of lattice modes observed in the spectrum of the annealed solid is consistent with at least two molecules per unit cell.
Tempol Prevents Altered K+ Channel Regulation of Afferent Arteriolar Tone in Diabetic Rat Kidney

Experiments were performed to test the hypothesis that oxidative stress underlies the enhanced tonic dilator impact of inward-rectifier K(+) channels on renal afferent arterioles of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Sham and diabetic rats were left untreated or provided Tempol in their drinking water for 26±1 days, after which afferent arteriolar lumen diameter and its responsiveness to K(+) channel blockade were measured using the in vitro blood-perfused juxtamedullary nephron technique. Afferent diameter averaged 19.4±0.8 μm in sham rats and 24.4±0.8 μm in diabetic rats (P<0.05). The decrease in diameter evoked by Ba(2+) (inward-rectifier K(+) channel blocker) was 3 times greater in diabetic rats than in sham rats. Glibenclamide (K(ATP) channel blocker) and tertiapin-Q (Kir1.1/Kir3.x channel blocker) decreased afferent diameter in diabetic rats but had no effect on arterioles from sham rats. Chronic Tempol treatment prevented diabetes mellitus-induced increases in both renal vascular dihydroethidium staining and baseline afferent arteriolar diameter. Moreover, Tempol prevented the exaggeration of afferent arteriolar responses to Ba(2+), tertiapin-Q, and glibenclamide otherwise evident in diabetic rats. Preglomerular microvascular smooth muscle cells expressed mRNA encoding Kir1.1, Kir2.1, and Kir6.1. Neither diabetes mellitus nor Tempol altered Kir1.1, Kir2.1, Kir6.1, or SUR2B protein levels in renal cortical microvessels. To the extent that the effects of Tempol reflect its antioxidant actions, our observations indicate that oxidative stress contributes to the exaggerated impact of Kir1.1, Kir2.1, and K(ATP) channels on afferent arteriolar tone during diabetes mellitus and that this phenomenon involves posttranslational modulation of channel function.
Effects of habitat patchiness on American lobster movement across a gradient of predation risk and shelter competition

The influence of landscape structure on marine ecological processes is receiving increasing attention. However, few studies conducted in coastal marine habitats have evaluated whether the effects of landscape structure on species interactions and organismal behavior are consistent across the range of an organism, over which landscape context and the strength of species interactions typically vary. American lobster (Homarus americanus) juveniles seek refuge from predators within shallow rocky habitat but make short-distance movements to forage outside of shelter. We evaluated how the patchiness of cobble habitat influences juvenile lobster movement by conducting mark–recapture experiments on lobsters placed within patchy and contiguous cobble plots in three regions of New England among which risk of predation and intraspecific shelter competition vary (Rhode Island, mid-coast Maine, and eastern Maine, USA). We also evaluated whether habitat patchiness influenced lobster colonization of plots and whether lo...
A new technique for time-domain ultrasonic NDE of thin plates

A new time-domain ultrasonic NDE technique is reported in this paper for the measurement of the thickness (given the wavespeed) or wavespeed (given the thickness) of thin plates; by thin we mean the thickness is less than the wavelength. By introducing a retrieve function the incident field can be reconstructed from the transmitted (reflected) field by a two-term (three-term) summation. A systematic sensitivity analysis of this technique has been carried out. The new technique has been used to measure the thickness or the wavespeed of aluminum plates with thickness ranging from 0.089 to 6.426 mm using (low frequency) 1-MHz transducers: 0.014≤(thickness/wavelength)≤1.0. The measurement error was found to be about 1% for thickness and 3% for the wavespeed.
ACCOUNTING AND SOCIAL CHANGE: A NEUTRALIST VIEW.

Abstract This paper takes the position that the task of accountants is to provide information as free bias as possible that will be useful to decision makers (possibly including accountants themselves) who may be concerned with social and economic issues. Though accountants may sometimes fail to achieve the faithful representation of economic phenomena, that should be their goal. In developing this argument, the paper criticizes Radical Accounting, as represented by Tony Tinker's Paper Prophets , and others who assert that accounting policies should be chosen for their supposedly desirable economic consequences rather than for their capacity to depict relevant phenomena faithfully. Like journalists, accountants should report the news, not make it. Neutrality in accounting may not always be easy to secure, but without it the credibility of accounting is endangered.
Photoacoustic determination of optical properties of aerosol particles collected on filters: development of a method taking into account substrate reflectivity

The absorptivity of soot and methylene blue particles collected on Teflon filters is derived from photoacoustic measurements by least squares fitting a simple expression based on Beer’s law to the experimental data. Refinements of the expression take into account the diffuse reflection of light by the filter substrate, yielding a base 10 absorptivity at 600 nm for soot of 3.00 ± 0.37 m2/g. This value is in close agreement with the result of transmission measurements performed on the same samples (3.08 ± 0.05 m2/g).
Is there a doctor in the house

[Editor's comment: Al though this poignant and heart-warming address by Dr. Judah Folkman was given to the 1980 graduating class at Harvard, there is a message in it for all of us. Some o f us have forgotten how to be doctors, some have never learned. It is not a subject that is taught in medical schools. In this day of specialization and superspecialization, often we think of patients not as human beings, but as a ruptured cruciate, a torn meniscus, or even a plica. As a result, we are in danger o f becoming surgical technicians, forgetting our heritage as physicians. The degrees we received upon graduating from medical school proclaim us to be doctors of medicine, and this we should always be, regardless o f the specialized paths we follow in later years.]
MYB64 and MYB119 Are Required for Cellularization and Differentiation during Female Gametogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana

In angiosperms, the egg cell forms within the multicellular, haploid female gametophyte. Female gametophyte and egg cell development occurs through a unique process in which a haploid spore initially undergoes several rounds of synchronous nuclear divisions without cytokinesis, resulting in a single cell containing multiple nuclei. The developing gametophyte then forms cell walls (cellularization) and the resulting cells differentiate to generate the egg cell and several accessory cells. The switch between free nuclear divisions and cellularization-differentiation occurs during developmental stage FG5 in Arabidopsis, and we refer to it as the FG5 transition. The molecular regulators that initiate the FG5 transition during female gametophyte development are unknown. In this study, we show using mutant analysis that two closely related MYB transcription factors, MYB64 and MYB119, act redundantly to promote this transition. MYB64 and MYB119 are expressed during the FG5 transition, and most myb64 myb119 double mutant gametophytes fail to initiate the FG5 transition, resulting in uncellularized gametophytes with supernumerary nuclei. Analysis of cell-specific markers in myb64 myb119 gametophytes that do cellularize suggests that gametophytic polarity and differentiation are also affected. We also show using multiple-mutant analysis that MYB119 expression is regulated by the histidine kinase CKI1, the primary activator of two-component signaling (TCS) during female gametophyte development. Our data establish a molecular pathway regulating the FG5 transition and implicates CKI1-dependent TCS in the promotion of cellularization, differentiation, and gamete specification during female gametogenesis.
Rural and Urban Differences in the Associations Between Characteristics of the Community Food Environment and Fruit and Vegetable Intake

Objective To examine the relationship between measures of the household and retail food environments and fruit and vegetable (FV) intake in both urban and rural environmental contexts. Design A cross-sectional design was used. Data for FV intake and other characteristics were collected via survey instrument and geocoded to the objective food environment based on a ground-truthed (windshield audit) survey of the retail food environment. Setting One urban and 6 contiguous rural counties. Participants This study involved 2,556 residents of the Brazos Valley, Texas, who were selected through random-digit dialing. Main outcome measure Two-item scale of FV intake. Analysis Data were analyzed using chi-square analysis, 2-sample t tests, and linear regression. Results Distance to supermarket or supercenter was insignificant in the urban model, but significant in the rural model (β = -.014, P Conclusions and implications Retail food environments have different impacts on FV intake in urban and rural settings. Interventions to improve FV intake in these settings should account for the importance of distance to the retail food environment in rural settings.
An Acoustic Field Generated by Subsonic Jets at Low Reynolds Numbers

An acoustic field generated by subsonic jets at low Reynolds numbers was investigated. This work is motivated by the need to increase the fundamental understanding of the jet noise generation mechanism which is essential to the development of further advanced techniques of noise suppression. The scope of this study consists of two major investigation. One is a study of large scale coherent structure in the jet turbulence, and the other is a study of the Reynolds number dependence of jet noise. With this in mind, extensive flow and acoustic measurements in low Reynolds number turbulent jets (8,930 less than or equal to M less than or equal to 220,000) were undertaken using miniature nozzles of the same configuration but different diameters at various exist Mach numbers (0.2 less than or equal to M less than or equal to 0.9).
180° Unidirectional Bond Rotation in a Biaryl Lactone Artificial Molecular Motor Prototype

A bifunctional biaryl lactone has been synthesized that should be capable of iterative unidirectional aryl−aryl bond rotation via: (1) a diastereoselective lactone ring opening, (S)-1 to (P,S)-2 or (M,S)-2; (2) a chemoselective lactonization, (P,S)-2 or (M,S)-2 to (S)-3; and (3) a chemoselective hydrolysis, (S)-3 to (S)-1. Preliminary results of a racemic sample have indicated unidirectional 180° rotation with very high directional selectivity per individual artificial molecular motor molecule through the first two steps of this sequence.
A Learning Model of Trade Show Attendance

Abstract This study examines trade show attendees' show choice behavior from a learning perspective. The purpose is to create a model that can be useful in attracting attendees, either to a show or even to a specific booth. Reasons for attending were found to be three-dimensional: shopping, career development, and general industry awareness. These dimensions were then used to develop clusters, or segments of attendees. Five segments were identified and profiled, with implications developed for each.
Anisotropy of the indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constant

Abstract Anisotropies in the indirect nuclear spin-spin coupling constants arise from cross-terms between the contact and dipolar terms in the electron-nuclear Hamiltonian. Calculated anisotropic H-H and 13 C-H coupling constants, which are based on valence-bond wavefunctions, are non-negligible in comparison with the isotropic coupling constants, but are much smaller than the direct dipole-dipole coupling constants.
Local and Long-Range Movement of Adult Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) as Evidenced by Washup Along Southern Lake Michigan Shores

During the months of July through early September from 1984 through 1986, large numbers of live, predominantly female, western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, adults appeared on the southern shoreline of Lake Michigan on 16 occasions. Correlation of the numbers of beetles washed ashore with the passage of synoptic scale weather systems shows that the beetles accumulate on the shoreline after the passage of cold fronts starting at approximately the date of maximum emergence of WCR and continuing for 24–49 d. The WCR deposited on the shoreline appear to have originated from fields local and distant from the shoreline, with local WCR predominant in deposition events near the time of local maximum emergence and long-distance WCR predominant in deposition events later in the season. Insects appear to be carried along the front. Precipitation does not appear to result in greater deposition of WCR onto the surface, therefore descent of the insect must be by active flight or downdrafts in the front.
Tensor products of strongly graded vertex algebras and their modules

Abstract We study strongly graded vertex algebras and their strongly graded modules, which are conformal vertex algebras and their modules with a second, compatible grading by an abelian group satisfying certain grading restriction conditions. We consider a tensor product of strongly graded vertex algebras and its tensor product strongly graded modules. We prove that a tensor product of strongly graded irreducible modules for a tensor product of strongly graded vertex algebras is irreducible, and that such irreducible modules, up to equivalence, exhaust certain naturally defined strongly graded irreducible modules for a tensor product of strongly graded vertex algebras. We also prove that certain naturally defined strongly graded modules for the tensor product strongly graded vertex algebra are completely reducible if and only if every strongly graded module for each of the tensor product factors is completely reducible. These results generalize the corresponding known results for vertex operator algebras and their modules.