cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heat shock is lethal to fibroblasts microinjected with antibodies against hsp70

Synthesis of a small group of highly conserved proteins in response to elevated temperature and other agents that induce stress is a universal feature of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Although correlative evidence suggests that these proteins play a role in enhancing survival during and after stress, there is no direct evidence to support this in mammalian cells. To assess the role of the most highly conserved heat shock protein (hsp) family during heat shock, affinity-purified monoclonal antibodies to hsp70 were introduced into fibroblasts by needle microinjection. In addition to impairing the heat-induced translocation of hsp70 proteins into the nucleus after mild heat shock treatment, injected cells were unable to survive a brief incubation at 45 degrees C. Cells injected with control antibodies survived a similar heat shock. These results indicate that functional hsp70 is required for survival of these cells during and after thermal stress.
Attachment Theory, Psychoanalysis, Personality Development, and Psychopathology

Blatt and Levy place attachment theory and research in a broad theoretical matrix by considering the relationship of attachment patterns to personality development and to different types of psychopathology in adults. Thus Blatt and Levy construct conceptual bridges between the two configurations of personality development and psychopathology that Blatt and colleagues have developed over the past quarter century (e.g., Behrends and Blatt, 1985; Blatt, 1974, 1995; Blatt and Behrends, 1987; Blatt and Blass, 1990, 1996; Blatt and Shichman, 1983) and attachment theory and research. Blatt and Levy identify a polarity that is central to attachment theory and research, the polarity of attachment and separation, and they note that this polarity has also been central in much of classic psychoanalytic theory (e.g., Freud, 1930; Loewald, 1962). This polarity is expressed in attachment theory and research in the differences between avoidant and anxious-preoccupied insecure attachment patterns as well in the distinctio...
Attitudes and Acts of Sexual Aggression on a University Campus

There is increasing understanding of the widespread extent of men's physical sexual coercion of women in this society. In this study, we document the amount of that coercion among a sample of college students. We try to explain that coercion in terms of certain valucs (traditional sex-role conceptions that amount to an ideology of gender inequality). We also try to explain that coercion in terms of attitudes towards physical sexual coercion. For purposes of this study, we measured both females’experience as victims of sexual aggression and males’experience as perpetrators of sexual aggression. We also measured both males’and females’values regarding gender inequality and attitudes regarding sexual aggression. We found that female college students in our sample had experienced a considerable amount of sexual aggression. We also found that male and female students’values regarding gender inequality and their attitudes regarding physical sexual coercion differed widely. Finally, we found strong relationships between male students’values and attitudes and their participation in sexual aggression.
Computer-aided system design

A technique has been developed for combining features of a systems architecture design and assessment tool and a software development tool. This technique reduces simulation development time and expands simulation detail. The Architecture Design and Assessment System (ADAS), developed at the Research Triangle Institute, is a set of computer-assisted engineering tools for the design and analysis of computer systems. The ADAS system is based on directed graph concepts and supports the synthesis and analysis of software algorithms mapped to candidate hardware implementations. Greater simulation detail is provided by the ADAS functional simulator. With the functional simulator, programs written in either Ada or C can be used to provide a detailed description of graph nodes. A Computer-Aided Software Engineering tool developed at the Charles Stark Draper Laboratory (CSDL CASE) automatically generates Ada or C code from engineering block diagram specifications designed with an interactive graphical interface. A technique to use the tools together has been developed, which further automates the design process.
Uncoupling of carbon and nitrogen mineralization: role of microbivorous nematodes

Abstract Microfaunal grazing of soil microorganisms affects nutrient mineralization rates. However, the accessibility of microbial food resources to microfauna depends on matric potential because microfauna require water to move. Laboratory incubations of undisturbed pairs of soil cores were conducted to evaluate temporal changes in the relationships among C and N mineralization, abundance and distribution of nematode trophic groups, and matric potential. Cores were collected in May, August, and November 1997, and March 1998 from an old field. The general relationship between C and N mineralization for all data points did not hold among sampling periods. Differences in this relationship may have been a result of microbivorous grazing. Nematode abundance did not decrease as matric potential decreased, suggesting microbivorous grazers were not merely excluded from their food resources, but survived in isolated water-filled pores as soil dried. We suggest that at −50 kPa nematodes and their microbial food resources are enclosed within spatially isolated water pockets and this entrapment leads to increased microbivorous grazing and microbial activity per unit biomass ( qCO 2 ). Only at −50 kPa was there a strong linear relationship between qCO 2 and microbivorous nematode density. There were also negative linear relationships between qCO 2 and microbial biomass C and C:N at −50 kPa which were significantly different from the other matric potentials tested. Changes in microbial community composition appeared to affect C and N mineralization rates, but dissolved substrate availability could not directly explain differences in C and N mineralization.
Correlations between short-term indoor and outdoor PM concentrations at residences with evaporative coolers

Abstract Airborne particulate matter (PM) was monitored at 10 residences in the El Paso, Texas region in the summer of 2001. Concurrent indoor and outdoor 10-min averaged PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were recorded for 2 days each to establish the indoor–outdoor PM correlation for typical west Texas residences equipped with evaporative coolers. Indoor PM concentrations stabilize in approximately 10 min in a typical house equipped with evaporative coolers. If the ambient PM concentration remains steady, a 10-min average indoor air sample after the first 10-min period would contain 99% outdoor air and a 1-h average indoor air sample would actually be represented by 95% of the outdoor air. A strong diurnal pattern of PM10 indoor and outdoor was observed in 9 out of the 10 tested houses independent of the possible human activities and other indoor sources at each residence. Consistent with prior regional studies, indoor and outdoor PM10 concentrations at these houses frequently peaked with strong association with each other in the evening hours between 6 and 9 pm. In addition, it is observed that both indoor and outdoor PM10 peaked after the wind speed and wind gust peaked. Indoor PM concentration peaks clearly correlated with documentation of human activities, however, these peaks tended to be of shorter duration due to the high ventilation rates of the evaporative coolers. Evaporative coolers were found to act as PM filters that effectively replace indoor air rapidly creating indoor concentrations approximately 40% of outdoor PM10 and 35% of outdoor PM2.5. Both cooler types, rigid media and aspen pad, appeared to produce similar reduction rates for both PM2.5 and PM10.
Acquisition of running in the straight alley following experience with response-independent food

During Phase 1, rats received contingent reinforcement (food), noncontingent reward, or no treatment in an operant chamber. The results, which did not support a “leamed-helplessness” interpretation, showed response-independent food to facilitate rather than inhibit the acquisition of a running response in the straight alley during Phase 2.
Psychiatric disorders in relatives of probands with panic disorder and/or major depression.

Background: Panic disorder and major depression (MDD) are both highly familial disorders that co-occur in individuals but do not cosegregate in families. Evidence concerning their familial aggregation with other psychiatric disorders, including phobias, substance abuse, and antisocial personality, has been contradictory. In part, the contradictory findings may be due to failure to account for the effects of proband comorbidity on risks in relatives. Methods: A family study of 1047 adult first-degree relatives of 193 probands in four diagnostic groups (panic disorder without MDD, panic disorder plus MDD, earlyonset MDD, and screened normal controls) was used to determine the range of psychiatric disorders associated with panic disorder and MDD and the effects of proband comorbidity on the rates of disorders in relatives. Results: Compared to relatives of normal controls, relatives of probands with panic disorder or panic disorder and MDD showed significantly increased risks of panic disorder, but relatives of probands with early-onset MDD did not. After proband comorbidity was controlled for, relatives of probands with panic disorder were also at a significantly increased risk for social phobia but not for any other psychiatric disorders. Relatives of probands with early-onset MDD were at significantly increased risks for MDD, dysthymia, abuse of or dependence on alcohol and other drugs, and antisocial personality disorders but not for any other psychiatric disorders. Conclusions: We conclude that panic disorder is a specific familial entity that is not associated with a broad range of other anxiety or other psychiatric disorders, with the possible exception of social phobia. Dysthymia, substance abuse, and antisocial personality appear to be on the spectrum of early-onset MDD.
Estimation of loss reserves with lognormal development factors

Abstract This paper uses a development technique to estimate the loss reserve in a classical run-off triangle setting. Closed-form solutions for unbiased estimates of reserves and their corresponding standard errors can be obtained by assuming lognormal distributions of the development factors. The technique is applied to the Bornhuetter–Ferguson method [Bornhuetter, R.L., Ferguson, R.E., 1972. The actuary and IBNR. Proc. Casualty Actuarial Soc. 59, 181–195] and to two previously studied data sets.
Regional synthesis of 14C-amino acids in cerebral cortex of the unanesthetized rat: simultaneous analysis by "push-pull" perfusion.

Abstract Rats were surgically prepared with two sets of guide cannulae positioned bilaterally to rest below the superficial layer of the prefontal, parietal and occipital regions of the cerebral cortex. Following post-operative recovery, two cortical sites were labeled simultaneously by microinjection of a 1.0 μl volume of 5.0 μCi of D-[U-14C]-glucose. After a 20 min interval for incorporation into amino acids, two sites were concurrently perfused over an interval of 20 min by means of a push-pull cannula system with an artificial CSF solution at a rate of 25 μl/min. A thin-layer Chromatographie assay for separation of amino acid neurotransmitters was used to estimate the content in each sample of perfusate of labeled γ-amino-butyric acid (GABA), glutamate, glutamine, aspartate and glycine. The results show that recovery of three amino acids, GABA, aspartate and glycine, was uniform among the three areas of the rat's cortex. However, the synthesis of labeled glutamate and glutamine was significantly lower within the parietal cortex in comparison to that of the prefrontal and occipital regions. Overall, the recovery of GABA was proportionally higher whereas glycine was lower than that of the other amino acids. The difference in the results from previous observations can be attributed to the distribution of amino acids in neurons and their terminals in deeper layers of cortex, which may give a different profile of release when epidural measurements are obtained.
Stagnation point heat transfer augmentation due to free stream turbulence

A model has been proposed for the momentum eddy diffusivity induced by free stream turbulence intensity and integral length scale. The eddy diffusivity model is applied to the stagnation point of a cylinder situated in a uniform crossflow in the presence of free stream turbulence. A numerical solution of the governing momentum and energy equations with the proposed eddy diffusivity model yielded results for the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt number. The numerical predictions of the present work are compared with experimental data and the agreement between the two is seen to be very good.
Transmission electron microscopy characterization of irradiated U–7Mo/Al–2Si dispersion fuel

The plate-type dispersion fuels, with the atomized U(Mo) fuel particles dispersed in the Al or Al alloy matrix, are being developed for use in research and test reactors worldwide. It is found that the irradiation performance of a plate-type dispersion fuel depends on the radiation stability of the various phases in a fuel plate. Transmission electron microscopy was performed on a sample (peak fuel mid-plane temperature approximately 109 degrees C and fission density approximately 4.5 x 10 27 fm-3) taken from an irradiated U–7Mo dispersion fuel plate with Al–2Si alloy matrix to investigate the role of Si addition in the matrix on the radiation stability of the phase(s) in the U–7Mo fuel/matrix interaction layer. A similar interaction layer that forms in irradiated U–7Mo dispersion fuels with pure Al matrix has been found to exhibit poor irradiation stability, likely as a result of poor fission gas retention. The interaction layer for both U–7Mo/Al–2Si and U–7Mo/Al fuels is observed to be amorphous. However, unlike the latter, the amorphous layer for the former was found to effectively retain fission gases in areas with high Si concentration. When the Si concentration becomes relatively low, the fission gas bubbles agglomerate into fewer large pores. Withinmore » the U–7Mo fuel particles, a bubble superlattice ordered as fcc structure and oriented parallel to the bcc metal lattice was observed where the average bubble size and the superlattice constant are approximately 3.5 nm and approximately 7.5 nm, respectively. The estimated fission gas inventory in the bubble superlattice correlates well with the fission density in the fuel.« less
Flanking DNA-sequences contribute to the specific binding of cl-repressor and ORI

The binding of cI-repressor to a series of mutant operators containing OR1 of the right operator of bacteriophage lambda was investigated. Sites OR2 and/or OR3 were inactivated by either point or deletion mutations. The free energy of binding repressor to OR1 in the wildtype operator, delta G1, is -13.7 +/- 0.3 kcal/mol. delta G1 determined for an OR2- operator created by a single point mutation in OR2 is -13.6 +/- 0.2 kcal/mol. In contrast, delta G1 for the binding of repressor to a cloned synthetic OR1 operator containing only 24 bp of lambda sequence is -12.2 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol. When sequence 5' to OR1 is present, the binding affinity increases to -13.0 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol. In addition, the proximity of OR1 to a fragment-end decreases delta G1 from -13.7 to -12.3 +/- 0.1 kcal/mol. These results suggest that the DNA sequence outside the 17 bp OR1 binding-site contributes to the specific binding of cI-repressor.
Basal crop coefficients for vine and erect crops with plastic mulch in a sub-tropical region

Abstract Dual crop coefficient approach of partitioning evapotranspiration (ETc) into transpiration (T) and evaporation (E) has been used extensively for applications ranging from estimating crop water allocations to irrigation scheduling. Although the basal crop coefficient (Kcb) provides an improved estimate of T, variations in Kcb are still possible due to variations in climate and management practices necessitating the development of regional Kcb. Large drainage lysimeters (4.87 m × 3.65 m × 1.37 m) were used to develop Kcb for drip irrigated bell pepper and watermelon with plastic mulch in sub-tropical Florida using four and three seasons of data, respectively. The average Kcb values for the initial, mid-season, and late stages were 0.12, 0.68, and 0.77, respectively, for bell pepper, and 0.05, 0.96, and 0.66 for watermelon. The Kcb values for pepper from this study were statistically lower (p = 0.047) than the generic FAO-56 values (adjusted for mulch and plant density) and improved the estimates of T and E by 27.3 and 7%, respectively. Although lysimeter Kcb values for watermelon were numerically lower than FAO-56, no statistical difference was detected. However, FAO-56 overestimated watermelon E by 52%. The lysimeter-based Kcb improved the ETc estimate and this improvement was 26 and 51% of the respective seasonal rainfall for pepper and watermelon. When extrapolated to all drip irrigated pepper acreage in Florida, the Kcb from this study could potentially reduce the applied water by some 6.9 million m3 of water compared to using FAO-56 Kcb, highlighting the importance of accurate estimation of ETc for the irrigation management. The improved Kcb will help customize the irrigation management and reduce nutrient leaching as well as improve simulations of ETc within the hydrologic models for similar environment
Degree-constrained multicasting in point-to-point networks

Establishing a multicast tree in a point-to-point network of switch nodes, such as a wide-area ATM network, is often modeled as the NP-complete Steiner problem in networks. In this paper, we study algorithms for finding efficient multicast trees in the presence of constraints on the copying ability of the individual switch nodes in the network. We refer to this problem as the degree-constrained multicast tree problem and model it as the degree-constrained Steiner problem in networks. Steiner heuristics for the degree-constrained case are proposed and their simulation results for sparse, point-to-point networks are presented. The results are compared with respect to their quality of solution, cost (running time), and the number of test cases for which no solution could be found. The results of our research indicate that efficient multicast frees can be found in large, sparse networks with small multicast groups even with limited multicast capability in the individual switches. Some of the Steiner heuristics tested yielded degree-constrained multicast trees within 5% of the best heuristic solution found in most of the cases. Even when the fanout of each switch node was restricted to 2, the heuristics we used were able to generate efficient multicast trees in almost all our test networks. Surprisingly few test networks were unsolvable. In those cases where no solution was found by a heuristic, backtracking solved many of the remaining cases. Among the heuristics we used, degree-constrained versions of simple path-distance heuristics such as SPH and SPH-R provided the best tradeoffs between quality of solution and cost.
Genomics Analysis of Genes Expressed in Maize Endosperm Identifies Novel Seed Proteins and Clarifies Patterns of Zein Gene Expression

We analyzed cDNA libraries from developing endosperm of the B73 maize inbred line to evaluate the expression of storage protein genes. This study showed that zeins are by far the most highly expressed genes in the endosperm, but we found an inverse relationship between the number of zein genes and the relative amount of specific mRNAs. Although alpha-zeins are encoded by large multigene families, only a few of these genes are transcribed at high or detectable levels. In contrast, relatively small gene families encode the gamma- and delta-zeins, and members of these gene families, especially the gamma-zeins, are highly expressed. Knowledge of expressed storage protein genes allowed the development of DNA and antibody probes that distinguish between closely related gene family members. Using in situ hybridization, we found differences in the temporal and spatial expression of the alpha-, gamma-, and delta-zein gene families, which provides evidence that gamma-zeins are synthesized throughout the endosperm before alpha- and delta-zeins. This observation is consistent with earlier studies that suggested that gamma-zeins play an important role in prolamin protein body assembly. Analysis of endosperm cDNAs also revealed several previously unidentified proteins, including a 50-kD gamma-zein, an 18-kD alpha-globulin, and a legumin-related protein. Immunolocalization of the 50-kD gamma-zein showed this protein to be located at the surface of prolamin-containing protein bodies, similar to other gamma-zeins. The 18-kD alpha-globulin, however, is deposited in novel, vacuole-like organelles that were not described previously in maize endosperm.
The logic of Simpson’s paradox

There are three distinct questions associated with Simpson’s paradox. (i) Why or in what sense is Simpson’s paradox a paradox? (ii) What is the proper analysis of the paradox? (iii) How one should proceed when confronted with a typical case of the paradox? We propose a “formal” answer to the first two questions which, among other things, includes deductive proofs for important theorems regarding Simpson’s paradox. Our account contrasts sharply with Pearl’s causal (and questionable) account of the first two questions. We argue that the “how to proceed question?” does not have a unique response, and that it depends on the context of the problem. We evaluate an objection to our account by comparing ours with Blyth’s account of the paradox. Our research on the paradox suggests that the “how to proceed question” needs to be divorced from what makes Simpson’s paradox “paradoxical.”
Localization and analysis of natriuretic peptide receptors in the gills of the toadfish, Opsanus beta (teleostei)

The distribution and nature of natriuretic peptide binding sites was determined in the gills of the toadfish, Opsanus beta. Specific 125I-labeled rat atrial natriuretic peptide (rANP) and 125I-labeled porcine C-type natriuretic peptide (pCNP) binding sites were observed on the afferent and efferent filamental arteries and lamellar arterioles, and on the marginal channels of the secondary lamellae. In both section autoradiography and competition assays, the binding of both ligands was completely displaced by 1 microM rANP and 1 microM pCNP, but residual binding was observed with 1 microM of the type C natriuretic peptide receptor (NPR-C)-specific ligand C-ANF. Electrophoresis of gill membranes cross-linked with 125I-rANP showed a major band at 75 kDa and a fainter band at 140 kDa. Both rANP and pCNP significantly stimulated the production of cGMP above basal levels; C-ANF had no stimulatory effect. These data show that the intrafilamental gill vasculature of toadfish contains a major population of natriuretic peptide receptors very similar to mammalian clearance receptors and a smaller population of receptors that are linked to a membrane-bound guanylate cyclase.
Coping style as a mediator of the relationship between depressive symptoms and deliberate self-harm.

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) occurs with high frequency among clinical and nonclinical youth populations. Although depression has been consistently linked with the behavior, not all depressed individuals engage in DSH. Aims: The current study examined maladaptive coping strategies (i.e., self-blame, distancing, and self-isolation) as mediators between depression and DSH among undergraduate students. Methods: 202 students from undergraduate psychology courses at a private university in Southern California (77.7% women) completed anonymous self-report measures. Results: A hierarchical regression model found no differences in DSH history across demographic variables. Among coping variables, self-isolation alone was significantly related to DSH. A full meditational model was supported: Depressive symptoms were significantly related to DSH, but adding self-isolation to the model rendered the relationship nonsignificant. Limitations: The cross-sectional study design prevents determination of whether a...
Modeling Cu migration in CdTe solar cells under device-processing and long-term stability conditions

An impurity migration model for systems with material interfaces is applied to Cu migration in CdTe solar cells. In the model, diffusion fluxes are calculated from the Cu chemical potential gradient. Inputs to the model include Cu diffusivities, solubilities, and segregation enthalpies in CdTe, CdS and contact materials. The model yields transient and equilibrium Cu distributions in CdTe devices during device processing and under field-deployed conditions. Preliminary results for Cu migration in CdTe photovoltaic devices using available diffusivity and solubility data from the literature show that Cu segregates in the CdS, a phenomenon that is commonly observed in devices after back-contact processing and/or stress conditions.
The effects of an exotic fish invasion on the prey communities of two lakes

Summary 1 We examined changes in prey (zooplankton) communities resulting from the invasion of an exotic predator, the rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax Mitchill), using long-term data sets from two lakes in Wisconsin, USA. 2 Food webs in the two lakes differed originally both in the dominant native planktivorous fish species and in relative biomasses of major zooplankton groups. 3 Zooplankton communities in each lake changed dramatically, coinciding with the exotic predator invasion. The communities in the two lakes became more similar to each other, with cyclopoid copepods becoming dominant. 4 Time-series analyses demonstrated that the long-term responses of the two lake prey communities were driven primarily by direct predation effects of planktivorous fish. Indirect effects acting through competitive interactions among zooplankton were present but were comparatively small in the long term. 5 Results suggest that zooplankton populations were subject to both predator and resource limitation but that the composition (relative species abundance) of the zooplankton community was dictated in the long term by predation.
The Sense and Nonsense of Omnipotence

In that ‘Cock and Bull’ story, Tristram Shandy, Laurence Sterne satirises philosophic disputation. Since the subject is a nose, the philosophers, divided already along Catholic and Lutheran lines, become Nosarians and Anti-nosarians. The doctors belong to the two universities of Strasburg. On ‘which side of the nose [would] the two universities split’?'Tis above reason, cried the doctors on one side.'Tis below reason, cried the others.'Tis faith, we cried.'Tis a fiddle-stick, said the other.'Tis possible, cried the one.'Tis impossible, said the other.God's power is infinite, cried the Nosarians, he can do anything.He can do nothing, cried the Antinosarians, which implies contradictions.He can make matter think, said the Nosarians.As certainly as you can make a velvet cap out of a sow's ear, replied the Antinosarians.
Anticipatory Control of Motion-to-Force Transitions With the Fingertips Adapts Optimally to Task Difficulty

Moving our fingertips toward objects to produce well-directed forces immediately upon contact is fundamental to dexterous manipulation. This apparently simple motion-to-force transition in fact inv...
Student's Attitudes Toward School and Classroom Science: Are They Independent Phenomena?

The purpose of this study was to examine 5th, 7th, and 10th graders' attitudes toward school and classroom science by means of questionnaires. In particular, the study hoped to determine (a) what students' attitudes are, (b) whether a relationship exists between these school and classroom science attitudes, and (c) what relationships grade level, gender, ethnicity, school/community type, expected GPA and science grade, and personally satisfying GPA and science grade have with students' attitudes toward school and classroom science. The results indicated that, although a statistically significant relationship did exist between students' attitudes toward school and toward classroom science, the relationship had no practical meaning. Females were slightly more positive about school than males. No gender differences were found with respect to classroom attitudes. Fifth graders held significantly more positive attitudes toward science than upper-grade students. None of the other variables was found to have any practical relationship to either of the attitudes.
An Examination of Liking, Love Styles, and Wellness Among Emerging Adults: Implications for Social Wellness and Development

Liking, love styles, and wellness were examined in an undergraduate sample (N = 168). Liking and the Mania love style were found to predict 15.8% of the variance in Total Wellness. In addition, within-group differences in love styles and wellness were found on the basis of gender and ethnicity.
Greenhouse Evaluation of Soil Insecticides for Western Corn Rootworm Control

Greenhouse techniques were developed to evaluate granular soil insecticides for control of larvae of Diabrotica virgifera LeConte. An insecticide application device was constructed to simulate field applications, and 8 granular insecticides were evaluated in greenhouse and field situations. Greenhouse measurements consisted of root-damage rating, root weight, and plant height; field measurements included root-damage rating and grain yield. Correlation coefficients indicated that greenhouse performance of insecticides is indicative of field performance during the next growing season. Greenhouse infestations present a more rigorous test of insecticide effectiveness than do most natural field infestations. Greenhouse evaluations of soil insecticides complemented field evaluations by (1) reducing expenses through decreases in costly travel, land rental, and field preparation, (2) avoiding complete dependency on variable field infestations, and (3) establishing an evaluation system for soil insecticides during the winter months.
Multitasking Increases Stress and Insecure Behavior on Mobile Devices

One of the biggest challenges in security is human behavior, which with one poor decision can easily bypass even the most secure encryption. This is particularly true for mobile devices, which are now part of the full range of human activity. Our project seeks to discover the conditions under which mobile users are most likely to make security errors, so that we may offer timely encouragement toward safe mobile behavior. Our earlier work indicated that any condition causing stress may increase insecure behavior, with the cause of that stress being relatively unimportant. We therefore focused on multitasking, and asked participants to choose applications to install on the phone, a particularly important security decision. Participants experienced more stress and made more security errors when multi-tasking. This suggests that when mobile users are multi-tasking, designers might create especially effective warnings and guards against error.
readat: An R package for reading and working with SomaLogic ADAT files.

SomaLogic’s SOMAscan™ assay platform allows the analysis of the relative abundance of over 1300 proteins directly from biological matrices such as blood plasma and serum. The data resulting from the assay is provided in a proprietary text-based format not easily imported into R. readat is an R package for working with the SomaLogic ADAT file format. It provides functionality for importing, transforming and annotating data from these files. The package is free, open source, and available on Bioconductor and Bitbucket. readat integrates into both Bioconductor and traditional R workflows, rendering it easy to make use of ADAT files.
Food safety risk assessment for the 12~(th) National Games Dalian Division in 2013

Objective To identify and assess the possible risk of varied food safety events for the 12th National Games DaLian Division,so as to provide evidence for the implementation of risk management. Methods Expert review and risk matrix analysis were adopted to establish methods for risk assessment. Results Major risks which could seriously influence the 12th National Games DaLian Division were identified and assessed,including outbreaks of food-borne disease and athletes' intake of foodborne stimulants. Conclusion The government and relevant departments should take targeted measures to prevent and control food safety risk of the 12th National Games.
Therapeutic use of levetiracetam for pediatric refractory epilepsy

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the therapeutic effect and safety of levetiracetam as an additive therapy in patients with pediatric refractory epilepsy.METHODS A single-blind,placebo-controlled prospective trial was carried out,25refractory epilepsy patients by administrating placebo as additive treatment together with basic drug for 16wk,and then the placebo was replaced by levetiracetam for another 16wk.Theχ2 test was used to compare the therapeutic effects between the levetiracetamtime and the placebo time;and to observe the adverse reactions.RESULTS In the 25patients,good therapeutic effect rate was84% with levetiracetam and 52% with placebo;showing significanthy difference between levetiracetam and placebo times(P0.05).Adverse reaction occurred in 19patients(76%)and 18patients(72%)in levetiracetam and placebo therapy times respectively.Somnolence,mood upset,dizziness and gastro-intestinal disfunction were the commonly seen symptoms in levetiracetam group;and sometimes having a transient leucocytes reduction in a few patients,no patitents quited due to the serious adverse reactions.No other significant side effects were observed.CONCLUSION Levetiracetam can reach 48%of children withno seizures,and can be used as an additive therapy for refractory epilepsy.It had no significant adverse reactions with children,and should be promoted.
Periprosthetic Femoral Stress Fracture After Bisphosphonate Treatment Resulting in Nonunion Successfully Treated with Teriparatide: A Case Report.

Case: We present the case of a postmenopausal osteoporotic woman, treated with bisphosphonates, who developed a stress fracture at the tip of a revision femoral component, resulting in nonunion after several operative treatment attempts. The nonunion healed after 7 months of subcutaneous injections of 20 μg/day of teriparatide. Conclusion: Teriparatide treatment should be considered for use in recalcitrant stress fractures after total hip arthroplasty.
Ferrimagnetic Resonance in Mn 2 Sb and Cr-Modified Mn 2 Sb

Ferrimagnetic resonance has been studied in Mn 2 Sb and Mn 1.96 Cr 0.04 Sb over the temperature range -200° to 100°. For applied fields normal to the crystalline anisotropy axis, resonance was observed for two values of field as expected. The data are in agreement with theory both above and below the anisotropy inversion temperature. Spin wave resonance corresponding to the strong intralayer exchange was observed in films.
Stochastic optimal control navigation with the avoidance of unsafe configurations

Long-time planning horizons are required to safely navigate one vehicle in the presence of another, possibly non-cooperative vehicle. They give rise to computational issues preventing the real-time implementation of safe navigation algorithms. In this paper, we consider two nonholonomic vehicles, of which one (blue) has the goal to enter the “tail” of the other (red). Neither the goal nor the navigation strategy of the red vehicle is known by the blue vehicle. To anticipate this uncertainty, the blue vehicle uses infinite horizon stochastic optimal control. Using the stochastic optimal control and backward Kolmogorov equation, the blue is navigated to avoid unsafe configurations from which the red can enter the “tail” of the blue and gain advantage over it. Our results are illustrated by numerical simulations and the feasibility of the control for the real-time implementation is tested with small-scale robot experiments.
The Politics of households in Ottoman Egypt: Property and commercial partnerships

Building a household entailed not only acquiring clients and forging alliances, by marriage or otherwise, but also amassing enough wealth to sustain these clients, along with wives and children, and to leave a legacy that they could inherit. Hence a prime concern of any astute grandee was securing a steady source of revenue. This revenue could derive from tax-collection rights in both city and countryside, from property rentals, or from investment in trade. Complementing and reinforcing this tangible wealth was the household's symbolic wealth: monuments to a household's stature in the form of maʾāthir – the charitable works, such as mosques and fountains, that a household head commissioned – or, more fundamentally, the mansion or palace where the household assembled to hatch its schemes of aggrandizement. Such structures proclaimed the household's existence and contributed to its members' sense of identity and cohesion. The house Perhaps the most visible and essential component of a household's wealth was the house that it used as a headquarters. Indeed, the very ability to purchase or commission the construction of a palatial residence reflected a certain degree of wealth, status, and independence on the part of the household head. Household heads of relatively low status, such as low-ranking regimental officers, tended to use their barracks in Cairo's citadel as a headquarters while perhaps maintaining modest family residences in various neighborhoods.
Profile of adalimumab and its potential in the treatment of uveitis

Uveitis refers to the presence of intraocular inflammation, and as a strict definition compromises the iris and ciliary body anteriorly and the choroid posteriorly (the uvea). Untreated, uveitis can lead to visual loss or blindness. The etiology of uveitis can include both infectious and noninfectious (usually immune-mediated) causes, the latter of which are often mediated predominantly by Th1 CD4+ T-cells that secrete proinflammatory cytokines. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of uveitis, which at high concentrations can cause excess inflammation and tissue damage. Adalimumab is a recombinant human IgG1 monoclonal antibody specific for human TNF-α. Historically, corticosteroids and methotrexate were used to treat uveitis; however, newer biologic agents such as adalimumab have revolutionized therapy for noninfectious uveitis. Adalimumab has shown efficacy in treating refractory uveitis in multiple settings, including idiopathic disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, sarcoidosis, Behcets disease, and uveitis secondary to spondyloarthropathies, among several other noninfectious uveitis conditions. In this paper, we will review the profile of adalimumab, the role of TNF-α in uveitis, discuss safety data, and summarize key articles evaluating the efficacy of adalimumab in treating uveitis secondary to the most commonly associated autoimmune diseases.
Resolving conflicts in the Middle East: an array of useful techniques

Disagreements and conflicts are normal, even if they trigger hurtful responses as often occurs in the Middle East. Methods of conflict resolution such as mediation, arbitration and litigation can be of value in settling disputes as well as the techniques of indigenous conflict resolution that embrace local traditions. By understanding these options, negotiators and managers of businesses and other organisations (including NGOs) will have a wider range of tools to use when seeking to reduce tensions and when struggling to reach workable understandings in the Middle East and elsewhere.
Public Policy and Quality of Life: An Empirical Analysis of Interstate Migration, 2000-2012

Individuals and households choose their political jurisdiction of residence on the basis of expected income differentials and jurisdiction-specific characteristics covered by the general term "amenities.'' In addition to fixed characteristics like climate and terrain, amenities may include public policies, as in the well-known Tiebout model of migration. Do Americans reveal preferences for certain public policies by tending to migrate toward jurisdictions that offer them? This article tests whether state government involvement in fiscal policy, business regulation, and civil and personal liberties more often reflects an amenity or a disamenity for Americans willing to move. As identification strategies, the article estimates spatial, matched-neighbors, and dyadic models of net interstate migration for all 50 states, covering the years 2000-2012. The evidence suggests that cost of living, which is in turn strongly correlated with land-use regulation, strongly deters in-migration, while both fiscal and regulatory components of "economic freedom'' attract new residents. There is less robust evidence that "personal freedom'' attracts residents.
An Electrochemical Reaction-Diffusion Model of the Photocatalytic Effect of Photosystem I Multilayer Films.

The photosynthetic protein, photosystem I (PSI), has been used as a photoactive species within a host of biohybrid photoelectrochemical systems. PSI multilayer films at electrode surfaces provide greatly improved solar energy conversion relative to homologous monolayer films. While the photocatalytic effect of PSI multilayers has been theorized as an electrolyte-mediated mechanism, no comprehensive, first-principles modeling study has been presented. In this work, we develop and optimize an electrochemical reaction-diffusion model to replicate the significant electrochemical, physicochemical, and transport processes that underpin photocurrent development of a PSI multilayer film. We use this model to provide strong evidence that PSI’s terminal cofactors rapidly exchange electrons with diffusible mediators and stimulate photocurrent principally due to alteration of mediator concentrations at a solution–electrode interface as governed by Butler–Volmer kinetics. Our fitted model accurately replicates photocu...
Personal comfort models – A new paradigm in thermal comfort for occupant-centric environmental control

Abstract A personal comfort model is a new approach to thermal comfort modeling that predicts an individual's thermal comfort response, instead of the average response of a large population. It leverages the Internet of Things and machine learning to learn individuals' comfort requirements directly from the data collected in their everyday environment. Its results could be aggregated to predict comfort of a population. To provide guidance on future efforts in this emerging research area, this paper presents a unified framework for personal comfort models. We first define the problem by providing a brief discussion of existing thermal comfort models and their limitations for real-world applications, and then review the current state of research on personal comfort models including a summary of key advances and gaps. We then describe a modeling framework to establish fundamental concepts and methodologies for developing and evaluating personal comfort models, followed by a discussion of how such models can be integrated into indoor environmental controls. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for applications of personal comfort models for building design, control, standards, and future research.
Information Technology in Public Administration Education

(2016). Information Technology in Public Administration Education. Journal of Public Affairs Education: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 155-160.
Side Channel Attacks and Countermeasures

Side-channel attacks bypass the theoretical strength of cryptographic algorithms by exploiting weaknesses in the cryptographic system hardware implementation via nonprimary, side-channel inputs and outputs. Commonly exploited side-channel outputs include: power consumption, electromagnetic (EM) emissions, light, timing, and sound (Fig. 8.1). Commonly used side-channel inputs include: supply voltage, temperature, light, and other primary signal inputs unrelated to the cryptographic block. The attacks themselves combine observation of side-channel outputs, manipulation of side-channel inputs, observation of primary outputs, and manipulation of primary inputs with increasingly complex analysis techniques to discover secret information from the cryptographic system. Attacks that exploit side-channel output are often termed passive side-channel attacks, while attacks that exploit sidechannel inputs are called active side-channel attacks or fault injection attacks.
Tissue mechanics and somatosensory neural responses govern touch sensation in C. elegans

The sense of touch hinges on tissues transducing stimuli applied to the skin and somatosensory neurons converting mechanical inputs into currents. Like mammalian Pacinian corpuscles, the light-touch response of the prime model organism C. elegans adapts rapidly, and is symmetrically activated by the onset and offset of a step indentation. Here, we propose a quantitative model that combines transduction of stimuli across the skin and subsequent gating of mechanoelectrical channels. For mechanics, we use an elastic model based on geometrically-nonlinear deformations of a pressurized cylindrical shell. For gating, we build upon consequences of the dermal layer's thinness and tangential stimuli. Our model demonstrates how the onset-offset symmetry arises from the coupling of mechanics and adaptation, and accounts for experimental neural responses to a broad variety of stimuli. Predicted effects of modifications in the mechanics or the internal pressure of the body are tested against mechanical and neurophysiological experiments.
Executive functioning as a predictor of stroke rehabilitation outcomes.

AbstractObjective: Stroke is a common cause of death and adult chronic neurologic disability. Although factors such as cardiovascular disease affect the incidence of stroke, less is known about fac...
Evan Berry, Devoted to Nature: The Religious Roots of American Environmentalism

Evan Berry, Devoted to Nature: The Religious Roots of American Environmentalism(Oakland: University of California Press, 2015), 272 pp., $29.38 (pbk), ISBN: 978-0520285-73-6.
Dynamic Empirically Based Model for Understanding Future Trends in US Obesity Prevalence in the Context of Social Influences

Objective This study aimed to (1) identify mechanistic model structures that produced quality fit to historic obesity prevalence trends and (2) evaluate the sensitivity of future obesity prevalence to social transmission and nonsocial parameters. Methods An age- and gender-structured compartmental model was used to describe transitions between weight status groups. Four model structures with different combinations of social transmission and nonsocial mechanisms were calibrated to match historic time series and assessed for quality of fit. Projections of overall obesity prevalence to 2052 were simulated, and sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results The model structure that included only nonsocial mechanisms indicated that the overall obesity prevalence in the United States has already stabilized and will increase little more; however, it underestimated observed obesity prevalence since 2013. If social transmission mechanisms influence obesity, the model estimated continued increases in obesity prevalence, reaching 48.0% to 55.1% by 2050. Obesity prevalence was most sensitive to changes in the adult social transmission parameters, especially among women. Conclusions The model projected that US obesity prevalence in the overall population will likely continue to increase for decades. The findings that obesity prevalence was most sensitive to adult parameters can be used to inform conversations about priorities for public health and health care programs and policies.