cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exercise-Induced Asthma: Physiologic and Clinical Considerations

This article discusses the physiologic and clinical aspects of exercise-induced asthma. Alterations in heat and water exchange in the respiratory tract appear to be important in initiating exercise-induced asthma, which can be reproduced by isocapneic hyperventilation with cold dry air. These pulmonary responses are also closely related to the level of non-specific airways hyperreactivity. Proposed mechanisms by which airways cooling and drying produce bronchospasm are reviewed and therapeutic approaches are discussed.
Heavy-traffic fluid limits for periodic infinite-server queues

To better understand what stochastic model might be appropriate in applications with system data, we study the consequences of fitting a stationary birth-and-death (BD) process to the sample path of a periodic $$M_t/GI/\infty $$Mt/GI/ź model. The fitted BD process will necessarily have the correct steady-state distribution (appropriately defined), but will not have the correct transient behavior. Nevertheless, the fitted birth-rate and death-rate functions have structure determined by the $$M_t/GI/\infty $$Mt/GI/ź model that should be seen with data if the $$M_t/GI/\infty $$Mt/GI/ź model is appropriate. In this paper, we establish heavy-traffic fluid limits that yield explicit approximation formulas for the fitted birth-rate and death-rate functions that can help evaluate whether a periodic $$M_t/GI/\infty $$Mt/GI/ź model is appropriate. We also establish many-server heavy-traffic fluid limits for the steady-state distribution in the periodic $$M_t/GI/\infty $$Mt/GI/ź model. For the special case of sinusoidal arrival rates, the limiting steady-state distribution has an arcsine law.
A data summary file structure and analysis tools for neutrino oscillation analysis at the NOvA experiment

The NuMI Off-axis Neutrino Experiment (NOvA) is designed to study neutrino oscillations in the NuMI beam at Fermilab. Neutrinos at the Main Injector (NuMI) is currently being upgraded to provide 700 kW for NOvA. A 14 kt Far Detector in Ash River, MN and a functionally identical 0.3 kt Near Detector at Fermilab are positioned 810 km apart in the NuMI beam line. The fine granularity of the NOvA detectors provides a detailed representation of particle trajectories. The data volume associated with such granularity, however, poses problems for analyzing data with ease and speed. NOvA has developed a data summary file structure which discards the full event record in favor of higher-level reconstructed information. A general- purpose framework for neutrino oscillation measurements has been developed for analysis of these data summary files. We present the design methodology for this new file format as well as the analysis framework and the role it plays in producing NOvA physics results.
Abstract 022: A Short Open Reading Frame in the Angiotensin Type 1a Receptor 5' Leader Sequence Increases the Rate of Receptor Internalization

Background: We recently found that a seven amino acid peptide (PEP7) encoded within a short open reading frame (sORF) in exon 2 of the 5’ leader sequence (5'LS) of the angiotensin type 1a receptor (AT1aR) mRNA inhibits AT1aR-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) without having any effect on the AT1aR-inositol trisphosphate protein kinase C pathway. To investigate the mechanism by which PEP7 selectively inhibits the AT1aR-Erk1/2 signaling cascade, the start codon of the sORF was mutated at adenine -108 (A-108 to T-108) to create E1,2(-108T),3-AT1aR followed by cloning the E1,2,3-AT1aR and the mutant E1,2(-108T),3-AT1aR into the pEGFP-N2 plasmid. Methods: Human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells were transfected with E1,2,3-AT1aR (intact sORF construct) or E1,2(-108T),3-AT1aR (disrupted sORF construct) by lipofectamine. Forty eight to seventy two hours later, live cell time lapse images were collected before and after treatment with Ang II (100 nM) using a TE300 Spinning disk laser scanning confocal microscope. Image analysis was performed using Velocity software. Results: Within 5 min of Ang II stimulation, punctae formed and moved throughout the cell membrane in cells transfected with both EGFP tagged receptors; however, even though the punctae represent the localized accumulation of identical AT1aR proteins, there were distinct differences in the intensity and time course of punctae. The rate of vesicle formation after Ang II treatment was markedly decreased by disrupting the PEP7 sORF [t1/2 (s): E1,2,3-AT1aR, 203s (N=21) vs E1,2(-108T),3-AT1aR, 328s (N=14); p<0.0001]. Conclusion: The PEP7 sORF facilitates Ang II-induced AT1R internalization. These findings suggest that we have uncovered a new mechanism governing agonist-induced AT1aR cellular trafficking that could have implications not only for regulation of AT1aR signaling cascades but also for other trafficking proteins that contain an upstream sORF within their 5'LS.
Immigrant Engagement in Participatory Budgeting in New York City

AbstractParticipatory Budgeting (PB) is a welcome experiment in participatory democracy in New York City (NYC), one that could produce greater civic engagement of traditionally marginalized groups and more equitable resource distribution. By engaging immigrants, PB aims to affirm and elevate their voices, help develop their civic capacities, and promote their political participation and community empowerment. During the past four years, participation by immigrants (foreign-born residents) in New York City’s PB process (PBNYC) has steadily increased, growing from nineteen to twenty-eight percent of all PB voters. Yet, immigrant participation lags compared to their numbers, with great variation among PB districts. Using a mixed methods approach that incorporates surveys of and interviews with immigrant community members, staff at immigrant serving community-based organizations, and City Council staff, this article aims to parse out the logistical and affective barriers to participation immigrants face in PB...
High C x /Co 13nm-capacitive-gap transduced disk resonator

Electrode-to-resonator gaps as small as 13.2nm achieved on a 59.5-MHz capacitive-gap transduced disk resonator have now enabled a measured electromechanical coupling strength (C x /C o ) greater than 1.62% at a bias voltage of only 5.5V while retaining an unloaded Q of 29,640, for a k t 2Q product of 480 that sets the record at VHF. Several key discoveries contribute to this successful demonstration, including a modified polysilicon etch recipe that enables considerably smoother etch sidewalls than previously achievable, allowing more uniform sidewall sacrificial layer deposition and preventing structure pull-in by removing asperities and their associated strong electric fields. This combination of high (G x /C o ) and Q stands to reduce power consumption in low-noise oscillators, improve sensitivity for zero-quiescent all-mechanical receivers, and expand the range of filters accessible to capacitive-gap transduced resonators to more mainstream wireless communication applications with much improved insertion loss performance.
Universal halting times in optimization and machine learning

The authors present empirical distributions for the halting time (measured by the number of iterations to reach a given accuracy) of optimization algorithms applied to two random systems: spin glasses and deep learning. Given an algorithm, which we take to be both the optimization routine and the form of the random landscape, the fluctuations of the halting time follow a distribution that, after centering and scaling, remains unchanged even when the distribution on the landscape is changed. We observe two qualitative classes: A Gumbel-like distribution that appears in Google searches, human decision times, the QR eigenvalue algorithm and spin glasses, and a Gaussian-like distribution that appears in conjugate gradient method, deep network with MNIST input data and deep network with random input data. This empirical evidence suggests presence of a class of distributions for which the halting time is independent of the underlying distribution under some conditions.
Efficacy of Local Treatment in Prostate Cancer Patients with Clinically Pelvic Lymph Node-positive Disease at Initial Diagnosis

Abstract Background There is limited evidence supporting the use of local treatment (LT) for prostate cancer (PCa) patients with clinically pelvic lymph node-positive (cN1) disease. Objective To examine the efficacy of any form of LT±androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in treating these individuals. Design, setting, and participants Using the National Cancer Database (2003–2011), we retrospectively identified 2967 individuals who received LT±ADT versus ADT alone for cN1 PCa. Only radical prostatectomy (RP) and radiation therapy (RT) were considered as definitive LT. Intervention LT±ADT versus ADT alone. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Instrumental variable analyses (IVA) were performed using a two-stage residual inclusion approach to compare overall mortality (OM)-free survival between patients who received LT±ADT versus ADT alone. The same methodology was used to further compare OM-free survival between patients who received RP±ADT versus RT±ADT. Results and limitations Overall, 1987 (67%) and 980 (33%) patients received LT±ADT and ADT alone, respectively. In the LT±ADT group, 751 (37.8%) and 1236 (62.2%) patients received RP±ADT and RT±ADT, respectively. In IVA, LT±ADT was associated with a significant OM-free survival benefit (hazard ratio=0.31, 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.13–0.74, p =0.007), when compared with ADT alone. At 5 yr, OM-free survival was 78.8% (95% CI: 74.1–83.9%) versus 49.2% (95% CI: 33.9–71.4%) in the LT±ADT versus ADT alone groups. When comparing RP±ADT versus RT±ADT, IVA showed no significant difference in OM-free survival between the two treatment modalities (hazard ratio=0.54, 95% CI=0.19–1.52, p =0.2). Despite the use of an IVA, our study may be limited by residual unmeasured confounding. Conclusions Our findings show that PCa patients with clinically pelvic lymph node-positive disease may benefit from any form of LT±ADT over ADT alone. While not necessarily curative by itself, the use of RP or RT could be the first step in a multi-modality approach aiming at providing the best cancer control outcomes for these individuals. Patients summary We examined the role of local treatment for clinically pelvic lymph node-positive prostate cancer. We found that the delivery of radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy may be associated with an overall mortality-free survival benefit compared with androgen deprivation therapy alone.
Factors Influencing Consumers’ Preference for Private Label Brands (PLBs) of Organized Retail in South Rajasthan - An Empirical Study

This research was conducted in Three Districts of South Rajasthan (Udaipur, Chittorgarh and Pali) and explores the reasons behind the preference of purchasing Private label brands (PLBs) from an organized retail chain store by consumers. Participants indicated that their decision to purchase Private label brands (PLBs) from any modern retail outlet was influenced by certain themes. Namely relationship with retailer’s staff, the quality of consumables on offer, competitive price, convenience also appealing and pleasant environment for shoppers. Fraser Alison (2009) found out that the store image is positively associated with attitudes towards private labels but differs by retail chain & private label type. Despite the proliferation of supermarket and hypermarket chains, only a handful of these are preferred while buying Private label brands (PLBs). Baidaray (2011) discussed that for a retailer, Private labels provide profit maximization & customer loyalty. Primary data was collected through survey method and appropriate statistical tools were employed to interpret and analyze the data.
I'd Rather Play the Saxophone : Conflicts in Identity Between Vietnamese Students and Their Parents

Members of the Vietnamese community in Lincoln, Nebraska range in time of resettlement, background and experience in adjustment to their new home. The impact of cultural change and education on the Vietnamese youth in this community is of particular importance. The Vietnamese youth are under-examined in the areas of adjustment and identity formation. The effects of cultural conflict have profound impact on the future of Vietnamese youth. The following study presents an examination of the variables that may affect Vietnamese youth, specifically culture and education as factors in ethnic identity formation. It also presents how these factors can affect the relationship between students and parents.
Driver speed selection and crash risk: Insights from the naturalistic driving study.

Abstract Introduction This study investigates how speed limits affect driver speed selection, as well as the related crash risk, while controlling for various confounding factors such as traffic volumes and roadway geometry. Data from a naturalistic driving study are used to examine how driver speed selection varies among freeways with different posted speed limits, as well as how the likelihood of crash/near-crash events change with respect to mean speed and standard deviation. Method Regression models are estimated to assess three measures of interest: the average speed of vehicles during the time preceding crash/near-crash and baseline (i.e., normal) driving events; the variation in travel speeds leading up to each event as quantified by the standard deviation in speeds over this period; and the probability of a specific event resulting in a crash/near-crash based on speed selection and other factors. Results Speeds were relatively stable across levels-of-service A and B, within a range of 1.5 mph on average. Speeds were marginally lower (3.3 mph) on freeways posted at 65 mph versus 70 mph. In comparison, speeds were approximately 10.2 to 13.4 mph lower on facilities posted at 55 mph or 60 mph. Speeds were shown to be 2.5 mph lower in rainy weather and 11 mph lower under snow or sleet. Conclusions Significant correlation was observed with respect to speed selection behavior among the same individuals. Mean speeds are shown to increase with speed limits. However, these increases are less pronounced at higher speed limits. Drivers tend to reduce their travel speeds in presence of junctions and work zones, under adverse weather conditions, and particularly under heavy congestion. Crash risk increased with the standard deviation in speed, as well as on vertical curves and ramp junctions, and among the youngest and oldest age groups of drivers.
Recipe for Success for Fashion Small Businesses in College Town: Fresh Urbanism with a Heaping Side of Country Hospitality

While there has been growing research concerning the distinctive characteristics of a college town in itself, there is limited research on small businesses, more specifically, fashion retailers, that exist in this unique setting. The purpose of this study was to gain insight on how small fashion businesses in a particular college town were staying lucrative in this college town through a series of qualitative interviews with five local fashion-related businesses.
Resilient design and operations of process systems: Nonlinear adaptive robust optimization model and algorithm for resilience analysis and enhancement

Abstract This paper is concerned with the resilient design and operations of process systems in response to disruption events. A general framework for resilience optimization is proposed that incorporates an improved quantitative measure of resilience and a comprehensive set of resilience enhancement strategies for process design and operations. The proposed framework identifies a set of disruptive events for a given system, and then formulates a multiobjective two-stage adaptive robust mixed-integer fractional programming model to optimize the resilience and economic objectives simultaneously. The model accounts for network configuration, equipment capacities, and capital costs in the first stage, and the number of available processes and operating levels in each time period in the second stage. A tailored solution algorithm is developed to tackle the computational challenge of the resulting multi-level optimization problem. The applicability of the proposed framework is illustrated through applications on a chemical process network and a shale gas processing system.
Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring molecular mechanisms and differentiation pathways to better understand disease outcomes and prognosis

Abstract Fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FLC) is a rare but aggressive liver cancer of children that occurs predominantly in teenagers without a history of liver disease. Surgical resection remains the only therapeutic option, and the recurrence rate is extremely high (>50% within 3 years). A newly discovered chromosomal deletion that occurs in the majority of FLCs generates a novel kinase fusion between DnaJ heat shock protein family member B1 (DNAJB1) and protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha (PRKACA) (DNAJB1-PRKACA). Despite its high penetrance and apparent specificity for FLC, the oncogenic role of this fusion event remains unclear. In this review article, we discuss the histology, presentation and diagnosis, current treatment, and roles of the DNAJB1-PRKACA as well as research models contributing to our understanding of this disease.
Failure of Patellar Plating with Mini-Fragment Implants: A Case Report.

Case: A 40-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with a comminuted fracture of the patella with separation of the bone fragments. The patient underwent an open reduction and osteosynthesis using medial and lateral 2.0-mm nonlocking plates, which subsequently led to pain in the anterior and posterior aspects of the knee. Conclusion: In this patient, bicolumnar nonlocking plating was unable to adequately resist the tensile forces of the extensor mechanism. We believe that the probable cause of failure was an insufficient neutralization of the tensile forces exerted by the extensor mechanism. Because of the substantial forces acting on the patella, a method of converting these tensile forces into compressive forces is very beneficial, as seen with anterior tension-band wiring. Although we used nonlocking plates in our patient, we believe that locking-plate fixation placed along the medial and lateral columns also would have had a biomechanical disadvantage in dispersing the tensile forces exerted by the extensor mechanism.
Implant Failure in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis: A Report of Two Cases.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a common hip disorder in adolescents. The current standard treatment in North America is percutaneous fixation with either a fully threaded or partially threaded cannulated screw1-3. Although several historical references have described implant complications4,5, failure of modern implants is rare. We present two cases of implant failure in SCFE in two adolescents. We found no other recent reports in the literature of broken partially threaded cannulated screws used for fixation of SCFE as occurred in our patients. Both patients and their parents were informed that data concerning their cases would be submitted for publication, and they all provided consent. Case 1. After three weeks of experiencing slowly progressive anterior hip pain, a fourteen-year-old boy had in situ fixation of an unstable right SCFE with a single 6.5-mm partially threaded cannulated screw (Figs. 1-A and 1-B). The initial postoperative course was uneventful. Against the advice of the surgeons, he began participating in contact sports six months after surgery. One month after resuming sports activity, the hip pain returned. Radiographs revealed that the screw was broken in the smooth shaft portion, distal to the physis and distal to the screw-shaft junction (Figs. 1-C and 1-D). No evidence of physiodesis was present. The broken portion of the screw was removed, and a 7.0-mm fully threaded screw was inserted for revision fixation. Six months later, radiographs demonstrated physeal fusion, and the patient was asymptomatic with no hip pain (Figs. 1-E and 1-F). Fig. 1-A Fig. 1-B Figs. 1-A through 1-F Radiographs of Case 1. Figs. 1-A and 1-B Fixation of SCFE with partially threaded cannulated screw. Fig. 1-C Fig. 1-D Figs. 1-C and 1-D One month after return to sports, the broken screw was seen. No …
Three Revolutions in Urban Passenger Travel

Lewis Fulton has worked internationally in the field of transport/energy/environment analysis and policy development for 28 years. He is Co-director of the Sustainable Transportation Energy Pathways (STEPS) program within the Institute of Transportation Studies at the University of California, Davis. There he leads a range of research activities around new vehicle technologies and new fuels. He was a lead author on the recent IPCC 5 th Assessment Report, Mitigation ("Climate Change 2014: Mitigation of Climate Change," transport chapter). Current projects include analyses of electric vehicles, shared mobility, automation, and other drivers of transportation futures.
SubtitleFormatter: Making Subtitles Easier to Read for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Viewers on Personal Devices

For deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) viewers who cannot understand speech, many countries require video producers/distributors to provide speech-to-text over the video, also called subtitles that can be turned on or off by the viewer. These subtitles must comply with national subtitle quality standards. The growth in video capable personal devices has shifted viewers away from watching broadcast video on a standardized television display and towards watching video on interactive personal devices. However, personal devices range widely from tiny watch displays to enormous television displays, with different proportions which impact subtitle readability. SubtitleFormatter automatically formats subtitles according to a display’s screen size and minimum font size for reading. A user study of subtitle formatting evaluates subtitle readability, and finds that viewers preferred SubtitleFormatted-segmented subtitles over wrap around (arbitrarily-formatted) subtitles.
Metasequoia in the Oligocene Bridge Creek Flora of Western North America: Ecological Implications and the History of Research

The early Oligocene Bridge Creek flora of the John Day Formation in Oregon, USA, is an example of the broad-leaved deciduous vegetation that became widespread in the Northern Hemisphere following the Eocene-Oligocene climatic cooling, and demonstrates the significant participation of Metasequoia Miki in newly-developing communities analogous to the modern Mixed Mesophytic Forest of China. Before the discovery of living Metasequoia glyptostroboides Hu et Cheng in China, the Bridge Creek fossils were identified as Sequoia Endlicher, which led to erroneous ecological and community composition interpretations of the Bridge Creek flora based upon comparisons with the modern redwood forest of California. Soon after the discovery of living M. glyptostroboides, paleobotanist Ralph W. Chaney visited the modern M. glyptostroboides forest in China in 1948, and this had a major influence on his concepts about the composition and biogeographic history of North American fossil forests. Many of the North American fossils that had previously been assigned to Sequoia or Taxodium Richard were subsequently reassigned by Chaney to Metasequoia. Chaney postulated that the Oligocene deciduous forests such as Bridge Creek had reached the middle latitudes by the “migration” of an intact Arcto-Tertiary geoflora from the higher latitudes, but this concept is no longer well supported. Instead, the Mixed Mesophytic Forest apparently originated through various responses of individual species during the Eocene-Oligocene transition, including 1) extinction or extirpation, 2) pre-adaptation or evolution in place, 3) dispersal from higher elevations, or 4) dispersal from higher latitudes. Extant M. glyptostroboides is endemic to a very restricted area in central China, and survival of the few remaining natural stands is doubtful unless new measures are taken to conserve the Mixed Mesophytic Forest as an entire community.
Three Decades of Catalysis by Metals

This chapter reviews some of the developments in the field of metal catalysis during the past three decades, corresponding to the period of time in which the author has been actively working in the field. The paper is not intended to be a comprehensive review of the whole area. Rather, it concentrates on several aspects of metal catalysis which have been of particular interest to the author. The topics covered include bifunctional catalysis, the characterization of dispersed metal catalysts, hydrocarbon reactions on metals, and bimetallic catalysts.
The Stuff of Life: Promoting Living Soils and Healthy Waters

One of the most incredible ecosystems has long remained invisible, though it is right beneath our feet. In the landscaping world there has been a tendency to treat soil as a crude substrate into which to stick plants, as if it were the chunk of foam at the base of a florist’s creation. Most gardeners are taught to assess a few simple criteria: soil texture, pH, amount of organic matter, and nutrient levels. If a soil is in the proper range for all of these, it is good to go. If not, adjust as needed. This approach fails to recognize the complexity of the soil ecosystem and all the ways that, if we can keep that ecosystem humming, it will do important work for us.
FREQUENCY EFFECT ON THE FATIGUE LIFE OF A LAMINATED COMPOSITE.

Effects of load frequency on the fatigue behavior of notched (+ or - 45 deg)2s laminated graphite/epoxy composites are investigated. Experimental results are obtained using four frequencies at three load levels. Temperature rises near the center hole are also measured. It is found that when temperature increase during the fatigue test is small, fatigue life increases as the load frequency increases. However, an increase in the near hole temperature results in a reduction in fatigue life. A theoretical model based upon crack propagation in viscoelastic media is presented. The model is modified to account for the temperature effect.
Measurement and Control of Interface Strength and Mechanical Properties of Coatings by Laser Spallation Experiment

The strength of planar interfaces between a substrate and a coating (1-2 µm ) can be measured quite effectively by a laser spallation technique. In this technique a laser pulse of high energy and a predetermined length is converted into a pressure pulse of a critical amplitude and width, which is then sent through the substrate toward the free surface of the coating. The compressive pressure pulse is reflected into a tension pulse from the free surface of the coating and loads the coating/ substrate interface in tension. The laser flux is tuned to a threshold level at which the interface comes apart. In the previous version of the technique, the critical stress amplitude that accomplishes the removal of the coating was determined by computer simulation. The simulation itself was verified by means of a piezoelectric crystal probe capable of mapping out the profile of the stress pulse generated by the laser pulse. In the current version, this is achieved directly by a laser Doppler displacement interferometer. A brief description of the current laser spallation experiment is given.
Sarin causes altered time course of mRNA expression of alpha tubulin in the central nervous system of rats.

Sarin induced neurotoxicity is suspected to be one of the key factors responsible for Gulf-war syndrome. We studied the effect of a single (50 μg/kg/i.m) dose of sarin (0.5 × LD50) on the mRNA expression of alpha tubulin in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats which were sacrificed at different time points i.e. 1 and 2 hrs, as well as, 1, 3 and 7 days post-treatment. Northern data collected from CNS regions indicate differential, spatial, and temporal regulation of alpha tubulin mRNA levels. Immediate induction and persistence of alpha tubulin transcripts in sarin-treated CNS suggest that sarin-induced neurotoxicity is in part mediated by the altered expression of cytoskeletal genes which may be regulated at multiple levels.
Moments of the Mean of Dubins–Freedman Random Probability Distributions

Explicit formulas are given to recursively generate the moments of the mean M for Dubins–Freedman random distribution functions with arbitrary base measure μ. Using a standard inversion formula for moments of a distribution on the unit interval, the distribution of M is approximated for several natural choices of μ. The support of the mean is also considered. It is shown that the support of M is connected whenever μ is concentrated on the vertical bisector of the unit square S, but may have arbitrarily many gaps otherwise.
My Approach to PVR Detachment: An American Perspective

When a new retinal detachment (RD) presents itself, I prefer to take the patient to the operating room in a timely fashion dependent on macula involvement. If the macula is threatened but still attached (superior bullous RD, temporal RD nearing the macula, etc.), I will attempt to operate within 24 h of the initial exam. If the macula (including the fovea) has been detached, I will operate within several days. If the macula is not threatened (inferior RD), I will operate within several days. In general, the preference is to repair a new RD sooner rather than later.
Optimal timing of lobectomy for clinical stage IA non-small cell lung cancer.

8549Background: The precise relationship between timing of lobectomy following diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and survival has not been studied previously. This study sought to det...
Abstract 41: Systematic Review Identified Some Early Phase Promising Therapeutics for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction: Many randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been conducted for subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), yet no treatment definitively improves outcome. Predictive ability of early phase trials ...
Physiology of insect rhythms

1. In silkmoths the gating of adult eclosion by light-dark cycles persists after extirpation of the compound eyes, frontal ganglion, subesophageal ganglion, or corpora allata-corpora cardiaca complex. Removal of the brain abolishes gating and such moths emerge irrespective of time of day or night. 2. Implantation of a brain into the abdomen of a debrained animal restores the ability both to entrain to a light-dark cycle and to free-run under conditions of continuous darkness. 3. Implantation of pieces of brain which contain the cerebral lobes likewise restored to debrained moths the ability to entrain and to free-run. But the synchrony was not as sharp as that observed in moths which had received implants of the entire brain. 4. Transection of the brain lateral to each median neurosecretory cell cluster yields pieces which are apparently incapable of gating the eclosion of debrained moths. Both moths receiving the median piece and those receiving the lateral pieces showed a randomized distribution of eclosion. 5. Experiments involving brain transplantation and selective illumination of parts of the body showed that the brain directly receives the light information which is necessary for the entrainment of the clock. 6. In theCecropia moth, the lights-on signal serves to stimulate eclosion and thus partially masks the output of the clock. This effect is mediated solely by light which is perceived by the compound eyes.
Composing Excitement: Understanding the Visual Rhetoric of the Voice

Reality TV has been increasingly studied by media and cultural studies scholars and practitioners, becoming a subject of critique across the disciplines of communication. While many reality TV programs have been the target of analysis for racism, sexism, and violence cultivation, not much has been done to explore the visual compositions in this genre to consider the rhetoric of excitement or audience stimulation. Using a data-driven approach, this article examines the visual formats and presentational structures employed by a popular reality franchise vocal competition show, The Voice, as produced in China, America, and the United Kingdom. Through a comparative content analysis, the author examines the 2014 finale performances of each version of the show, focusing on their stage design, cinematography, and screen graphics. This study finds distinctions in the show’s visual mechanism across three countries, thus suggesting imperative insights to the diversity of visual characterization and the functions of visual rhetoric in a modern TV talent show.
Enhancing the Energy-Efficiency and Timeliness of IoT Communication in WiFi Networks

Increasing the number of Internet of Things (IoT) stations or regular stations escalates downlink channel access contention and queuing delay, which in turn result in higher energy consumption and longer communication delays with IoT stations. To remedy this problem, this paper presents WiFi IoT access point (Wiotap), an enhanced WiFi access point (AP) that implements a downlink packet scheduling mechanism. In addition to assigning higher priority to IoT traffic compared to regular traffic, the scheduling algorithm computes per-packet priorities to arbitrate the contention between the transmission of IoT packets. This algorithm employs a least-laxity first (LLF) scheme that assigns priorities based on the remaining wake-up time of the destination stations. We used simulation to show the scalability of the proposed system. Our results show that Wiotap achieves 37% improvement regarding the duty cycle of IoT stations compared to a regular AP. In addition, we developed a testbed to confirm the implementation correctness and the performance benefits of Wiotap in a network with four IoT stations and regular traffic. For the edge and cloud scenarios, our empirical evaluations show up to 44% and 38% improvement in energy and 52% and 41% improvement in delay, respectively.
A Metallaphotoredox Strategy for the Cross‐Electrophile Coupling of α‐Chloro Carbonyls with Aryl Halides

Here, we demonstrate that a metallaphotoredox-catalyzed cross-electrophile coupling mechanism provides a unified method for the α-arylation of diverse activated alkyl chlorides, including α-chloroketones, α-chloroesters, α-chloroamides, α-chlorocarboxylic acids, and benzylic chlorides. This strategy, which is effective for a wide variety of aryl bromide coupling partners, is predicated upon a halogen atom abstraction/nickel radical-capture mechanism that is generically successful across an extensive range of carbonyl substrates. The construction and use of arylacetic acid products have further enabled two-step protocols for the delivery of valuable building blocks for medicinal chemistry, such as aryldifluoromethyl and diarylmethane motifs.
How optimal is word recognition under multimodal uncertainty

Abstract Identifying a spoken word in a referential context requires both the ability to integrate multimodal input and the ability to reason under uncertainty. How do these tasks interact with one another? We study how adults identify novel words under joint uncertainty in the auditory and visual modalities, and we propose an ideal observer model of how cues in these modalities are combined optimally. Model predictions are tested in four experiments where recognition is made under various sources of uncertainty. We found that participants use both auditory and visual cues to recognize novel words. When the signal is not distorted with environmental noise, participants weight the auditory and visual cues optimally, that is, according to the relative reliability of each modality. In contrast, when one modality has noise added to it, human perceivers systematically prefer the unperturbed modality to a greater extent than the optimal model does. This work extends the literature on perceptual cue combination to the case of word recognition in a referential context. In addition, this context offers a link to the study of multimodal information in word meaning learning.
Global historic pandemics caused by the FAM-1 genotype of the Irish potato pathogen Phytophthora infestans

The FAM-1 genotype of Phytophthora infestans caused late blight in the 1840s in the US and Europe and was responsible for the Irish famine. We examined 140 herbarium specimens collected between 1845 and 1991 from six continents and used 12-plex microsatellite genotyping (SSR) to identify FAM-1 and the mtDNA lineage (Herb-1/ Ia) present in historic samples. FAM-1 was detected in approximately 73% of the historic specimens and was found on 6 continents. The US-1 genotype was found in only 27% of the samples and was found later on all continents except Australia/Oceania. FAM-1 was the first genotype detected in almost all the former British colonies from which samples were available. The data from historic samples suggest the FAM-1 genotype was widespread, diverse, and spread more widely than US-1. The famine lineage spread to six continents over 140 years, and likely spread during global colonization from Europe.
Escape Room Blueprint: Central Orientation Contagion Crisis:

Background:Turnover rate for new graduate nurses at a midwestern community hospital was 30% for the first two years. Central clinical orientation for new hire registered nurses and care assistants ...
Advanced Mechanics of Solids: Analytical and Numerical Solutions with MATLAB®

Build on the foundations of elementary mechanics of materials texts with this modern textbook that covers the analysis of stresses and strains in elastic bodies. Discover how all analyses of stress and strain are based on the four pillars of equilibrium, compatibility, stress-strain relations, and boundary conditions. These four principles are discussed and provide a bridge between elementary analyses and more detailed treatments with the theory of elasticity. Using MATLAB® extensively throughout, the author considers three-dimensional stress, strain and stress-strain relations in detail with matrix-vector relations. Based on classroom-proven material, this valuable resource provides a unified approach useful for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students, practicing engineers, and researchers.
White-Collar Crime. Does Punishment Deter Fraudulent Criminal Activity?

White collar crime is a non-violent crime, but it can have life-changing, catastrophic consequences that are very serious, nonetheless. A simple internet search on any online engine will reveal an abundance of information on white collar criminal activity that appears to be on the rise. Instead of decreasing data on this topic, there appears to be an increase in white collar crimes across the globe. There is a wide array of research that outline sanctions of past offenders that include community service to jail time. Many offenders will face minimal penalties such as community service and some high-profile offenders will not receive any punishment at all. This study will seek to examine the activity of white-collar criminals and whether the punishment for the behavior is an effective deterrent. It has been suggested by scholars and policymakers that white-collar criminals will be adversely affected by punishment and the analysis of this research will ascertain whether this theory is accurate.
Linking data analytics to real-world business issues: The power of the pivot table

Abstract One challenge facing accounting graduates and practitioners is acquiring sufficient data analytic skills. Using a moderately large and complex dataset from a privately owned company, the case illustrates how data analytics can help illuminate and resolve business issues. Special emphasis is placed on using pivot tables, which enable users to summarize and group large datasets into condensed reports quickly and in a variety of ways. Upon completing the case, you will be able to (a) identify appropriate parameters and criteria needed to address the concerns of senior managers, (b) create appropriate pivot tables using Microsoft Excel, (c) prepare written memorandums that summarize managers’ concerns, explain the usefulness of the findings, and make recommendations based on critical thinking to enhance their understanding of business issues. Optional instructions for data visualization using Tableau are included. The case is appropriate for undergraduate and graduate accounting information systems, business analytics courses, and professional training.
Occupational Stress in U.S. Audiologists.

Purpose The goal of this study was to explore interview data related to occupational stress in U.S. audiologists. This study is part of a larger project: The Lived Experience of the Audiologist, which seeks to develop a richer understanding of audiologists' lived experience via interview and survey research. Method Demographic and interview data related to occupational stress were examined from 28 virtual interviews of clinical audiologists in the United States. Qualitative data relative to workplace stressors were subjected to thematic analysis. Stress ratings were examined via descriptive statistics, correlation, and comparison with demographics. Results Self-ratings of average-day and worst-day stress were not related to work setting, years of experience, or U.S. region. Participant descriptions of workplace stressors yielded seven main themes: time, patients, administration, financial, lack of support, colleagues, and work-life balance. Some participants attributed stress response to personality traits. Conclusions Audiologists' quotes illustrate the human impact of stressors in the workplace. The most commonly reported workplace stressors were lack of time, patient-related issues, administration, and financial issues. Time and administration as common causes of stress were consistent with prior studies conducted in other countries; however, patient-related and financial stressors were more prominent stressors for U.S. audiologists. Stress ratings were not related to work setting, location, or years of experience in the current study. Participants often linked their perception of stress to personality traits, a phenomenon that has been explored as a factor in the exploration of occupational stress in other fields, but not in audiology. Future research in stress and burnout should examine personality traits in addition to extensive demographics.
Lock-free data structure for multi-core processors

Real time control applications are very demanding in terms of closed loop system response. The challenge is to execute an operation in a predictable amount of time. As more control functions are needed, faster computing speed is preferred to achieve the desired control responses. The major processor manufacturers have given up trying to make processors run faster, at least for the time being. Instead, manufacturers are turning to multi-core architectures in which multiple processors (cores) communicate directly through shared hardware caches. Multi-core chips make computing more efficient by exploiting parallelism. This new paradigm is widely available and provides a new way of solving control problems. At the same time, the multi-core architecture poses a challenge because modern control systems are asynchronous: activities can be halted or delayed without warning by interrupts, preemption, and other events. In this paper, a lock-free linked-list queue is described and implemented on a multi-core ARM processor. The lock-free algorithm ensures threads that are competing for access to the queue do not have their execution indefinitely postponed by mutual exclusion; also system-wide progress is guaranteed.
Public Use or Private Benefit? The Post-Kelo Intersection of Religious Land Use and the Public Use Doctrine

North Philadelphia, a neighborhood composed of predominantly poor, working class African-Americans and Hispanics,1 lies immediately north of Philadelphia’s Center City district.2 Over the past thirty years, crime, drugs, and economic recession took their toll on this once burgeoning middle class neighborhood, and today North Philadelphia is among the city’s most troubled areas.3 The U.S. Census Bureau indicates that Census Tract 155, which is located entirely within North Philadelphia, has a 34% employment rate.4 More than 50% of its residents over the age of twentyfive have not graduated from high school5 and 61.6% of its residents live below the poverty level.6 Despite these grim statistics, there are indications that North Philadelphia is on the mend.7 Residents are renovating once-
Saudi Aramco Exploration & Producing Data Warehouse: A Case Study.

This paper focuses on the challenges faced when building a data warehouse dealing primarily with scientific or engineering data. Successfully applying data warehousing concepts to an engineering-specific database poses some challenges which vary from the usual textbook examples. This, coupled with the introduction of a new database technology (data warehouse), into a large organization with a mature set of users raised an interesting set of challenges. Some of these are highlighted and discussed using the E&P data warehouse at Saudi Aramco as a case study.
High Zinc Concentrations in Culture Media Affect Copper Uptake and Transport in Differentiated Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cells

Previous studies suggest that high dietary zinc reduces the copper status of animals by reducing copper transport across the intestinal mucosa. The present study used an enterocyte mimic, the Caco-2 cell, grown on porus membranes as a model to assess the effects of various concentrations of zinc (6 to 200 micromol/L) in the culture and assay media on 67Cu uptake and transport. Differentiated cells incubated for 7 d in a culture medium containing 50 micromol zinc + 0.7 micromol copper/L transported significantly less 67Cu across the monolayer than similar cells exposed to 6 micromol zinc/L. However, cells exposed to 200 micromol zinc/L for the same period transported significantly more 67Cu than those exposed to 6 micromol zinc/L. Cells exposed for only 1 h to 200 micromol zinc/L in the uptake-transport medium alone did not show lower 67Cu uptake or transport, suggesting that time of exposure of the cells to high zinc was a contributing factor. Caco-2 cells exposed to 50 through 200 micromol zinc/L had higher cellular metallothionein (MT) than those exposed to 6 micromol zinc/L. As the amount of MT in cells increased upon exposure to 50 and 100 micromol zinc/L, the rate of 67Cu transport decreased. At higher zinc concentrations in the medium, there was even more MT in the cells, but a greater rate Of 67Cu transport. These studies demonstrate the use of the Caco-2 cell as a model for copper uptake-transport studies, but the conditions must be rigorously defined and controlled.
Exosomes Derived from IL-10-Treated Dendritic Cells Can Suppress Inflammation and Collagen-Induced Arthritis

We have demonstrated previously that local, adenoviral-mediated gene transfer of viral IL-10 to a single joint of rabbits and mice with experimental arthritis can suppress disease in both the treated and untreated contralateral joints. This contralateral effect is mediated in part by APCs able to traffic from the treated joint to lymph nodes as well as to untreated joints. Moreover, injection of dendritic cells (DC) genetically modified to express IL-4 or Fas ligand was able to reverse established murine arthritis. To examine the ability of exosomes derived from immunosuppressive DCs to reduce inflammation and autoimmunity, murine models of delayed-type hypersensitivity and collagen-induced arthritis were used. In this study, we demonstrate that periarticular administration of exosomes purified from either bone marrow-derived DCs transduced ex vivo with an adenovirus expressing viral IL-10 or bone marrow-derived DCs treated with recombinant murine IL-10 were able to suppress delayed-type hypersensitivity responses within injected and untreated contralateral joints. In addition, the systemic injection of IL-10-treated DC-derived exosomes was able suppress the onset of murine collagen-induced arthritis as well as reduce severity of established arthritis. Taken together, these data suggest that immature DCs are able to secrete exosomes that are involved in the suppression of inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Thus DC-derived exosomes may represent a novel, cell-free therapy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.