cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, characterization and magnetic properties of coordination polymers of manganese with 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid ligands

Three new coordination polymers have been synthesized from 1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid (2,2-dpa), nitrogen-containing coligands and Mn salts under hydrothermal conditions. The X-ray crystal structures of all three complexes are presented. With the change of nitrogen-containing ligand, the structural features of the complexes also change. The complex prepared without a nitrogen coligand exhibits a one-dimensional covalent chain-like structure, composed of the rare pentanuclear Mn building unit. The complex with 4,4′-bipyridine as a secondary ligand shows a two-dimensional layer structure. With the chelating ligand 1,10-phenanthroline, a discrete molecular complex is synthesized. The magnetic properties of the complex with 4,4′-bipyridine in the temperature range 1.99–300 K are reported.
Workers' risk of unemployment after traumatic brain injury: a normed comparison.

We examined, among those persons working preinjury, the risk of unemployment 1 year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) relative to expected risk of unemployment for the sample under a validated risk-adjusted econometric model of employment in the U.S. population. Results indicate that 42% of TBI cases were unemployed versus 9% expected, relative risk (RR) = 4.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) (4.12, 4.95). The relative risk for unemployment was higher among males, those with higher education, persons with more severe injuries, and more impaired early neuropsychological or functional status. Difference in unemployment rates gave similar results for gender, severity of injury, and early neuropsychological and functional status. However, for education, the excess was smaller among those more highly educated, but the unemployment rate in the more highly educated in the general population was sufficiently small to yield a larger relative risk. In conclusion, after accounting for underlying risk of unemployment in the general population, unemployment is substantially higher after TBI for people who were employed when they were injured. The differential employment status varies depending on demographics, severity of brain injury, early functional outcome, and neurobehavioral indicators. For characteristics such as education, associated with rates of unemployment in the general population, different methods used to compare the rates may yield different results. (JINS, 2005, 11, 747–752.)
Health-Related Quality of Life, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, and Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy in New York City from 1995 to 2006

We applied our previously developed estimation equation to predict EQ-5D index scores from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Healthy Days measures for the New York City (NYC) adult population from 1995 to 2006 and compared these trends over time with the US general population. Such scores enabled us to examine the burden of disease attributable to smoking and overweight/obesity at both the local and national levels. We employed the estimation equation to the 1993–2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to obtain EQ-5D index scores for all survey respondents based on their age, self-rated health status, and overall number of unhealthy days. With the combination of mortality data, we calculated trends of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), life expectancy (LE), and quality-adjusted life expectancy (QALE) as well as the percent of QALYs and QALE lost contributed by smoking and overweight/obesity. Mean EQ-5D index scores for NYC adults decreased from 0.874 to 0.852 but, more recently, have increased to 0.869. The LE of an 18-year-old living in NYC increased 4.7 years and QALE increased 2.6 years. The contribution of smoking to the proportion of QALYs lost decreased from 6.7% to 3.5%, while the contribution of overweight/obesity to the proportion of QALYs lost increased from 4.5% to 16.9%. The proportion of QALEs lost due to smoking decreased from 5.5% to 4.5%, while the proportion of QALEs lost due to overweight/obesity increased from 3.5% to 11.8%. Because the Healthy Days measures have been included in the BRFSS since 1993, translating Healthy Days Measures to a preference-based measure is a useful method for longitudinal tracking of population health at the local, state, and national level.
Design requirements and calculated performance of an XUV FEL oscillator operating on a higher harmonic

Abstract We study, using numerical simulation methods, the design requirements for the electron beam, wiggler, and optical resonator of an extreme-ultraviolet (XUV, 100 ≥ λ ≥ 10 nm) free electron laser oscillator operating on a higher harmonic. Our previous theoretical studies of an XUV FEL oscillator have assumed operation at the fundamental wavelength. Higher-harmonic operation is attractive because the energy of the electrons can be reduced, thus reducing the cost of the linac. A further reduction in beam energy is possible with the use of short-period wigglers: in the present work, we use the expected properties of pulsed-wire wigglers. Operation of a FEL oscillator on the third harmonic has been experimentally demonstrated at Stanford University and Los Alamos, and this mode of operation may also be both possible and desirable for an XUV device.
A computer-assisted rapid-scanning spectrophotometer with applications to tissues in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract A flexible approach is described to acquire, store, retrieve, and manipulate the large volume of data provided by a rapid-scanning spectrophotometer designed for biological preparations. Data can be displayed in spectral and kinetic formats. This spectrophotometer provides a means to simultaneously measure the concentrations of components of light scattering preparations and to record chemical reactions as they occur. Although application of this instrument for the study of reduction/oxidation shifts of mitochondrial respiratory chain components is emphasized, the desing is suitable for many spectrophotometric applications.
Intraductal Polypoid Lipid-Rich Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas with Entrapped Ductules: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors of the main pancreatic duct are rare and usually small due to symptoms of pancreatic duct obstruction. We present a case of a large (3 cm), well-differentiated (G1) lipid-rich polypoid neuroendocrine tumor of the pancreas completely occluding the main pancreatic duct with non-neoplastic-entrapped ductules and CK19 positivity. Clinical, radiological, gross, microscopic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural findings are discussed. The literature pertaining to the unique features of this case is reviewed including clinical and pathologic pitfalls and the possible etiologic and prognostic significance of these findings.
Fuse-monitoring system for multiple fuse circuits

A circuit is described which will automatically provide an electric signal each time a power fuse blows, and also will provide a second distinct electric signal after a predetermined number of fuses have operated in a group of parallel cells.
3-O-methyl-DOPA is not involved in the development of behavioral supersensitivity after repeated L-dopa administration in 6-OHDA lesioned rats.

The underlying cause of long-term complications of l-DOPA therapy in Parkinson's disease is largely unknown. Recently, centrally and peripherally acting catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitors became available. These drugs are capable of inhibiting the generation of 3-O-methyl-DOPA (3-OMD), a major metabolite of l-DOPA developing considerable plasma levels during l-DOPA therapy. The use of these drugs offers the opportunity to study the involvement of 3-OMD in the development of behavioral supersensitivity following repeated doses of l-DOPA over 11 days in rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system. Repeated daily administration of l-DOPA/Carbidopa produced continuous increase of contralateral rotations to both l-DOPA/Carbidopa and to challenge doses of apomorphine. This increase was not influenced by peripherally and peripherally plus centrally acting COMT inhibitors, OR-462 and OR-486, respectively, administered simultaneously with l-DOPA/Carbidopa. Both COMT inibitors suppressed the l-DOPA induced increase of 3-OMD plasma levels, OR-486 being more effective than OR-462. This indicates that 3-OMD is not involved in the development of behavioral supersensitivity following repeated l-DOPA treatment in rats with unilateral 6-OHDA lesion of the nigrostriatal system.
The cyclical majority problem

The problem of the cyclical majority is presented and some new, simulated results for 3, 4, 5, … , 40 issues and 3, 5, 7, … , 37 judges are reported.
Magnetohydrodynamic model of Crab nebula radiation

The properties of the synchrotron continuum are calculated on the basis of a steady spherically symmetric MHD model of the flow in the Crab nebula. The model accounts for the spectral distribution of the continuum from the optical to gamma-rays, and semiquantitatively for its observed spatial distribution. The model does not account for the radio portion of the Crab nebula's spectrum.
Low-noise amplifier design for ultrawideband radio

A new theoretical approach for designing a low-noise amplifier (LNA) for the ultra-wideband (UWB) radio is presented. Unlike narrow-band systems, the use of the noise figure (NF) performance metric becomes problematic in UWB systems because of the difficulty in defining the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). By defining the SNR as the matched filter bound (MFB), the NF measures the degree of degradation caused by the LNA in the achievable receiver performance after the digital decoding process. The optimum noise matching network that minimizes the NF as defined above has been solved. When the narrow-band LNA assumption is made, the proposed optimum matching network simplifies to the published optimum narrow-band matching network, and the corresponding NF value also becomes equivalent. Since realizing the optimum matching network is in general difficult, an approach for designing a practical but suboptimum matching network is also presented.
Chest Wall Sarcomas and Induction Therapy

Chest wall sarcomas are uncommon tumors. The best patient outcomes likely result from a formalized multidisciplinary treatment plan in a specialized center. No clear guidelines exist to determine whether patients with chest wall sarcomas benefit from preoperative adjuvant therapy. Most decisions are made on a case-by-case basis with little available evidence. It is unclear whether established guidelines for the more commonly occurring extremity sarcomas can be appropriately extrapolated to the care of patients with chest wall disease. The single most important factor in local control and long-term survival is a wide, complete, R0 resection.
Demographic and Obstetric Outcomes of Pregnancies conceived by Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) compared to Non-ART Pregnancies.

Objective Use of assisted reproductive technology has increased steadily, yet multiple socioeconomic and demographic disparities remain between the general population and those with infertility. Additionally, both mothers and infants experience higher rates of adverse outcomes compared to their non-ART counterparts. Methods Using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) coding, we performed a retrospective review of all ART-conceived deliveries in California in 2009. A total of 551 ART pregnancies were compared to Non-ART pregnancies (n=406,885). Results The majority of ART deliveries belonged to women of advanced maternal age (AMA) and Caucasian or Asian race. Nearly half of all ART deliveries were multiple gestations. Compared to non-ART deliveries, ART pregnancies were associated with placenta previa, placental abruption, mild preeclampsia, and fetal growth restriction. Conclusion While not powered to detect all outcomes, our study highlights significant racial and ethnic disparities between ART and Non-ART pregnancies.
In situ formation of nanosized TiO2 domains within poly(amide–imide) by a sol–gel process

Abstract Poly(amide–imide)/TiO2 (PAI/TiO2) composite films were prepared by an in situ sol–gel process. These composite films exhibited high optical transparency, having nanosized TiO2 rich domains well dispersed within the PAI matrix. The size of the domains increased from 5 to 50 nm when the TiO2 content was increased from 3.7 to 17.9% by weight. Hydrogen bonding interactions between the amide groups in the PAI and the hydroxyl groups on the inorganic oxide were observed. In comparison to the pure PAI polymer, the PAI/TiO2 composite films exhibited higher glass transition temperature, an increase and flattening of the rubbery plateau modulus, and a decrease in crystallinity.
Some physiological characteristics of the heart of the toadfish,Opsanus tau

A study was made of the heart fromOpsanus tau using an electrocardiograph to record normal activity and the responses to drugs and to experimental manipulations. Bradycardia occurs in toadfish kept out of water for more than 5 minutes. Large doses of darstine, an atropine-like drug, bring about A-V dissociation and prolongation of conduction time, probably by direct action on the heart muscle. Changes in temperature modify the heartin vitro andin situ.
Thermomechanical investigation of poly(methylmethacrylate) containing an organobismuth radiopacifying additive

Previously we demonstrated the feasibility of using up to 24% triphenylbismuth (TPB) as a radiopaque, monomer-miscible additive for dental acrylic resins. In this study we examined the influence of TPB on thermomechanical properties of a representative polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) ambient-cured resin used for temporary dental crowns and bridges. TPB (0%, 5%, 15% or 30% w/w) was dissolved in the monomer component, added to the powder component, and allowed to cure in rectangular molds. After 1 h they were either stored at 23 degrees C for 23 h, or heated for 5 min at either 40 degrees C or 50 degrees C, and then stored for 23 h. They were then scanned from -10 degrees to 125 degrees C in a dynamic mechanical thermal analyzer using the three-point bending mode of deformation at 1-Hz frequency. The onset to the glass-transition temperature (Tg) is decreased by 13 degrees to 32 degrees C by addition of TPB, while the storage modulus (E') at 25 degrees C is either unchanged or is slightly increased. TPB did not interfere with the curing reaction, and postcure heating at 40 degrees C had no effect on either E' or Tg. However, heating at 50 degrees C generally increased Tg but had very little effect on E' throughout the 0-50 degree C operating temperature range. TPB crystals were observed to have precipitated at TPB levels above 8%. These crystals, dispersed throughout the PMMA, act as reinforcing fillers. This reinforcement can account for the lack of a decrease in E', as would be expected if TPB had a plasticizing effect below Tg. However, even at 5%, a concentration at which all the TPB remains dissolved in the solid polymer, no decrease in E' was observed. This implies that TPB exerts an antiplasticizing effect at temperatures below 50 degrees C, possibly by occupying free volume among the polymer chains. It is concluded that TPB, in amounts adequate to impart diagnostic levels of radiopacity, is unlikely to adversely affect the clinical utility of PMMA-based dental acrylic resins.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc20+ encodes DNA polymerase ɛ and is required for chromosomal replication but not for the S phase checkpoint

In fission yeast both DNA polymerase alpha (pol α) and delta (pol δ) are required for DNA chromosomal replication. Here we demonstrate that Schizosaccharomyces pombe cdc20+ encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase epsilon (pol ɛ) and that this enzyme is also required for DNA replication. Following a shift to the restrictive temperature, cdc20 temperature-sensitive mutant cells block at the onset of DNA replication, suggesting that cdc20+ is required early in S phase very near to the initiation step. In the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it has been reported that in addition to its proposed role in chromosomal replication, DNA pol ɛ (encoded by POL2) also functions directly as an S phase checkpoint sensor [Navas, T. A., Zhou, Z. & Elledge, S. J. (1995) Cell 80, 29–39]. We have investigated whether cdc20+ is required for the checkpoint control operating in fission yeast, and our data indicate that pol ɛ does not have a role as a checkpoint sensor coordinating S phase with mitosis. In contrast, germinating spores disrupted for the gene encoding pol α rapidly enter mitosis in the absence of DNA synthesis, suggesting that in the absence of pol α, normal coordination between S phase and mitosis is lost. We propose that the checkpoint signal operating in S phase depends on assembly of the replication initiation complex, and that this signal is generated prior to the elongation stage of DNA synthesis.
Applying Credit Score Models to Multiple States of Nature

We conduct a comparative analysis of there popular methodologies; the Z-score, the O-score, and a Cash Flow Based Model-score, in different scenarios constructed from various business conditions and diverse rating classes. We detect dissimilarities in the predictive power of the different models, demonstrate the economic importance, and analyze the sources of this assortment. We find that profitability measurements affect default odds distinctively among different rating categories and within diverse business segments, but cash flow quantities do not. We further deploy a canonical discriminant analysis and propose unique score for the examined states. These alternative scores often challenge the traditional approaches.
Martian exospheric density using Mars Odyssey radio tracking data

[1] We present measurements of the density of the Martian atmosphere at ∼400 km altitude. Our analysis used radio tracking data to perform precise orbit determination on the Mars Odyssey spacecraft between March 2002 and November 2005. Recent improvements in a priori physical models make it possible to isolate the contribution of the atmospheric drag from the various forces acting on the spacecraft. For each spacecraft trajectory segment (arc) we adjusted an atmospheric drag coefficient (CD), which scales the a priori model density. From the drag coefficient we obtained a time series of the measured density. These measurements at the Mars Odyssey orbiting altitude are close to noise level, and the various tests we conducted show the robustness of the measurements. We obtained a better agreement with the atmospheric model used during the second Martian year, when solar activity is lower. Using various simple exponential atmosphere models, we estimated the scale height near the spacecraft periapsis and found values between 25 and 50 km, in the lower range of expected values, and used exospheric temperature estimates to assess the role of EUV heating of the upper atmosphere. We did not observe one-to-one correlation between solar activity and exospheric density, but we detected a solar rotation periodicity in our measurements.
Tactile and Aural Alerts in High Auditory Load UAV Control Environments

Tactile displays may alleviate visual workload in complex UAV control stations, cueing operators to high priority events via the haptic channel. Previous results suggest that tactile alerts (vibration on wrists) can substitute for aural alerts, as a redundant cue to visual alerts in relatively short test sessions. The present experiment investigated whether tactile alerts are advantageous in high auditory loads during longer periods of vigilance. Participants responded to events alerted via aural or tactile redundant cues, while performing multiple tasks in a simulated UAV control station. Results did not show an advantage of tactile over aural alerts in high auditory loads over 30-minute periods. Despite the lack of performance advantage of tactile alerts over aural alerts, research participants favored the tactile alerts, rating them as more salient and faster in attracting their attention.
Update: brain and pituitary hormones of lampreys.

Abstract Lampreys and hagfish of the class Agnatha are of particular importance in understanding endocrinological relationships since they represent the oldest lineages of extant vertebrates which evolved over 550 million years ago. This review briefly summarizes the latest findings on the reproductive endocrinology of the sea lampreys. Since the First International Symposium of Fish Endocrinology in 1988, when virtually little was known of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, substantial new biochemical, molecular, physiological and immunological evidence has now clearly shown that lamprey reproduction is controlled by the neuroendocrine axis. In addition, five brain and six pituitary hormones of lampreys have been identified mainly by Sower and Kawauchi and colleagues between 1986 and 2000. We now hypothesize that lamprey reproduction is a highly synchronized process that is initiated or mediated by a coordination of complex integration of environmental cues and hormonal mechanisms which is broadly similar to that exhibited by gnathostome vertebrates.
A tutorial on amortized local competitiveness in online scheduling

Recently the use of potential functions to analyze online scheduling algorithms has become popular [19, 7,29, 13, 31, 4, 30, 3, 21, 15, 14, 28, 12, 2, 5, 6, 9, 11, 23, 33, 24, 8, 17, 16, 25, 1, 20, 26, 22, 18]. Thesepotential functions are used to show that a particular online algorithm is locally competitive in an amortizedsense. Algorithm analyses using potential functions are sometimes criticized as seeming to be black magicas the formal proofs do not require, and commonly do not contain, any discussion of the intuition behindthe design of the potential function. Sometimes, as in the case for the ﬁrst couple uses of potential functionsin the online scheduling literature, this is because the authors arrived at the potential function by trial anderror, and there was not a cohesive underlying intuitionguidingthe development. However, now that tens ofonline scheduling papers have used potential functions, one can see that a “standard” potential function hasemerged that seems to be applicable to a wide range of problems. The use of this standard potential functionto prove amortized local competitiveness can no longer be considered to be magical, and is a learnabletechnique. Our main goal here is to give a tutorialteaching this technique to readers with some modest priorknowledge of scheduling, online problems, and the concept of worst-case performance ratios.Online Scheduling: We consider online schedulingproblems where jobs/tasksarrive at a server (e.g. a webserver, a database server, an operating system, etc.) over time. Throughoutthis paper N willdenote the totalnumber of jobs and jobs are indexed J
Stigmatic high throughput monochromator for soft x rays

A stigmatic high-throughput monochromator for soft x radiation is designed using spherical gratings, and high spectral resolution is achieved.
Suspected early or mild chronic pancreatitis: Enhancement patterns on gadolinium chelate dynamic MRI

Purpose To assess whether measuring the pattern of pancreatic enhancement on gadolinium chelate dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is helpful for diagnosis of suspected early or mild chronic pancreatitis. Materials and Methods In this retrospective study, 24 patients with suspected early or mild chronic pancreatitis, classified by imaging criteria of equivocal chronic pancreatitis (ultrasound, computed tomography [CT] or ERCP) grading, had dynamic MRI that included unenhanced, arterial dominant, early venous, and late venous phases of contrast enhancement. Twenty patients without pancreatic diseases also had the dynamic sequence as a control group. The signal intensity was measured at the pancreatic head, body, and tail on all phases, and for each, the signal intensity ratio (SIR, the signal intensity in postcontrast divided by that in precontrast) was calculated. Two radiologists independently reviewed the images of the patients with suspected early or mild chronic pancreatitis for pancreatic morphologic abnormalities without knowing the results of signal intensity measurements. Results On unenhanced images, there was no significant difference of signal intensity between control and pancreatitis groups (P < 0.05). In the pancreatitis group, but not in the control group, the unenhanced signal intensity of the pancreatic head and body were significantly higher than that of the tail (P < 0.05). In the control group, the greatest enhancement (highest SIR) after injection was in the arterial phase (1.89 ± 0.31), significantly higher than that in the early venous phase (1.68 ± 0.17, P < 0.01) and in the late venous phase (1.61 ± 0.15, P < 0.001). The pancreatitis group, however, had an arterial phase SIR (1.65 ± 0.23) that was significantly lower than its early venous phase SIR (1.75 ± 0.22, P < 0.05) and lower than the arterial phase SIR of the control group (P < 0.01). The presence of an SIR less than 1.73 in the arterial phase and/or a delayed peak enhancement after contrast agent administration had a sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing early or mild chronic pancreatitis of 92% and 75%, respectively. This sensitivity was significantly higher than the sensitivity of 50% for diagnosis based on morphologic abnormalities (P < 0.05). Conclusion Measuring pancreatic signal intensity on gadolinium chelate dynamic MRI is helpful for diagnosing early or mild chronic pancreatitis, especially before apparent pancreatic morphologic or signal intensity changes are present. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2003;17:86–94. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Quantification of speed-up and accuracy of multi-CPU computational flow dynamics simulations of hemodynamics in a posterior communicating artery aneurysm of complex geometry

Background Towards the translation of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques into the clinical workflow, performance increases achieved with parallel multi-central processing unit (CPU) pulsatile CFD simulations in a patient-derived model of a bilobed posterior communicating artery aneurysm were evaluated while simultaneously monitoring changes in the accuracy of the solution. Methods Simulations were performed using 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 processors. In addition, a baseline simulation was obtained with a dual-core dual CPU computer of similar computational power to clinical imaging workstations. Parallel performance indices including computation speed-up, efficiency (speed-up divided by number of processors), computational cost (computation time × number of processors) and accuracy (velocity at four distinct locations: proximal and distal to the aneurysm, in the aneurysm ostium and aneurysm dome) were determined from the simulations and compared. Results Total computation time decreased from 9 h 10 min (baseline) to 2 h 34 min (10 CPU). Speed-up relative to baseline increased from 1.35 (2 CPU) to 3.57 (maximum at 10 CPU) while efficiency decreased from 0.65 to 0.35 with increasing cost (33.013 to 92.535). Relative velocity component deviations were less than 0.0073% and larger for 12 CPU than for 2 CPU (0.004±0.002%, not statistically significant, p=0.07). Conclusions Without compromising accuracy, parallel multi-CPU simulation reduces computing time for the simulation of hemodynamics in a model of a cerebral aneurysm by up to a factor of 3.57 (10 CPUs) to 2 h 34 min compared with a workstation with computational power similar to clinical imaging workstations.
Some Unanticipated Positive Effects of a juvenile Awareness Program on Adult Inmate Counselors

A contemporary juvenile awareness program operated behind bars of a typical state prison by veteran inmates is shown to have very positive social and psychological effects on inmate counselors, even though the program was designed solely to focus on the problems of juvenile offenders. The primary benefit to inmate counselors is increased self-esteem, but residual benefits also include increased social status and prestige in the prison. This research also suggests that the inmate counselors become nurturing in their relationships with their youth clients, and with fellow inmates.
Bone density in amenorrheic women with and without hyperprolactinemia.

To determine whether decreased bone density in patients with PRL-secreting pituitary tumors is specifically related to hyperprolactinemia or is a consequence of disordered pituitary-gonadal function common to all amenorrheic states, we measured the bone mineral content of the radius by photon absorptiometry in normal subjects, in women with amenorrhea and normal serum PRL levels, and in women with PRL-secreting pituitary tumors. The women did not differ significantly in mean age, height, weight, or serum calcium, phosphorous, gonadotropin, testosterone, vitamin D, or PTH concentrations, and all had normal renal and thyroid function.The bone mineral content in women with amenorrhea and normal serum PRL levels (0.91 ± 0.02 g/cm) was not significantly different from that in control subjects (0.88 ± 0.01 g/cm). Patients with PRL-secreting tumors studied 2–5 yr after transsphenoidal surgery had significantly diminished bone mineral content whether they were cured (0.82 ± 0.02 g/cm) or had persistent amenorrhea...
Economic impact of a private sector micro-financing scheme in South Dakota

While poverty rates on Native American Indian reservations are triple the US average. Small business incubation programs, available elsewhere in the US, scarcely exist on the Native American Indian Reservations (NAIRs). Our unique study tests the effects of the Lakota Fund (LF), a private sector small business development initiative on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, on the economic development of the NAIRs. Our objective is to determine whether the SBA-like programs (loans, training, and consulting) can improve economic conditions. The 1980–2006 annual county-level (Shannon Co. is ‘treatment,’and Todd Co. is ‘control’) data are a natural experiment. Results indicate that the LF inception and duration significantly raised real per capita income (RPCI)—suggesting not only the success of the LF, but support for the broader notion that privately funded small business initiatives can be used to support economic development of isolated impoverished groups within the US economy.
An introduction to latent semantic analysis

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) is a theory and method for extracting and representing the contextual‐usage meaning of words by statistical computations applied to a large corpus of text (Landauer & Dumais, 1997). The underlying idea is that the aggregate of all the word contexts in which a given word does and does not appear provides a set of mutual constraints that largely determines the similarity of meaning of words and sets of words to each other. The adequacy of LSA's reflection of human knowledge has been established in a variety of ways. For example, its scores overlap those of humans on standard vocabulary and subject matter tests; it mimics human word sorting and category judgments; it simulates word‐word and passage‐word lexical priming data; and, as reported in 3 following articles in this issue, it accurately estimates passage coherence, learnability of passages by individual students, and the quality and quantity of knowledge contained in an essay.
Biliproteins: versatile fluorescent, photochromic and radiationless molecular probes

Biliproteins represent a diverse class of highly pigmented proteins that utilize light energy throughout the visible and near infrared (NIR) region of the light spectrum. By exploiting and/or genetically altering the double bond regiospecificity of the ferredoxin-dependent bilin reductases, in combination with (semi)synthesis of novel linear tetrapyrrole precursors and directed evolution of apophytochrome genes, we seek to develop new-biliprotein reagents with novel chemical proteins and biochemical functions. Among the target applications of our studies include: NIR emitting fluorescent proteins, gene-based fluorescent labels, light-regulated gene expression delivery systems, designer biliproteins, and FRET-based approaches to study protein-protein interactions.
Sobre la colonialidad del lenguaje

This paper presents a new theoretical framework for analyzing linguistic power relations and it examines the linguistic effects of what Anibal Quijano has called coloniality of power. The coloniality of language refers to a process of racialization of colonized people as communicating agents (ie, as potential interlocutors) that begins with the conquest of America and nowadays. The research focuses on the dehumanization of the colonized and enslaved populations, and the concomitant contempt of their languages and social ways of making sense, interpreted as expressions of his inferior ‘nature’. The results are an original contribution to the debate on the historical relationship between colonialism, race, ethnicity, and language in America. The argument suggests that there is a connection between the reduction of the colonized and racialized populations to a status of non-humans, as well as a monolingual linguistic ideology that hides colonial oppression dialogically and discursively.
Central Artery Stiffness in Hypertension and Aging: A Problem With Cause and Consequence.

Systemic hypertension is a risk factor for many diseases affecting the heart, brain, and kidneys. It has long been thought that hypertension leads to a thickening and stiffening of central arteries (ie, stiffness is a consequence), whereas more recent evidence suggests that stiffening precedes hypertension (ie, stiffness is a cause). We submit, however, that consideration of the wall biomechanics and hemodynamics reveals an insidious positive feedback loop that may render it irrelevant whether hypertension causes or is caused by central arterial stiffening. A progressive worsening can ensue in either case, thus any onset of stiffening merits early intervention. Understanding arterial function requires integration of biological and mechanical information.1–4 Stress (a force intensity) is a key concept in biomechanics; it enables one to calculate the stiffness of a material and assess its strength. Mean circumferential stresses in arteries can be estimated using Laplace’s equation: ![Formula][1] (1) where P is pressure, a is the pressurized luminal radius, and h is the whole wall thickness. In vitro experiments reveal nonlinear pressure–radius relations, ![Graphic][2] , hence acute increases in blood pressure increase both wall stress (with a increasing because of wall elasticity and h decreasing because of the near incompressibility) and material stiffness (essentially the slope of the stress–stretch relationship). Such pressure-induced increases in material stiffness increase most clinical measures of arterial stiffness, thus it is important to delineate acute and chronic (remodeling) changes. The latter can arise from mechanobiological responses (eg, altered gene expression) by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts to changes in hemodynamically induced loads, with an apparent goal of preserving homeostatic values of stress and material stiffness3 although often at the expense of increasing structural stiffness (essentially wall thickness times material stiffness). Different metrics are used clinically to assess structural stiffness of central arteries, with carotid-to-femoral pulse wave … [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif [2]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Calderon Type Reproducing Formula Associated with the Bessel Type Differential Operator

In this paper, generalized convolution # on the half-line corresponding to the Bessel type differential operator is defined. A Calderon type reproducing formula associated with generalized convolution involving finite Borel measure, which leads to results on the Lp-norm and point-wise approximation for functions on the half-line, is studied.
AN EVALUATION OF INFLUENZA MORTALITY SURVEILLANCE, 1962–1979 I. TIME SERIES FORECASTS OF EXPECTED PNEUMONIA AND INFLUENZA DEATHS

Proposed in this paper is a new method of forecasting the expected number of pneumonia and influenza deaths based on a time series analysis of the historical mortality data. Currently, the method for forecasting the expected pneumonia and influenza deaths used by the Center for Disease Control is based on regression analysis. These forecasts are used to estimate the excess deaths attributable to pneumonia and influenza. Careful comparative analysis demonstrates that the proposed method provides a more accurate forecast of pneumonia and influenza mortality than the existing method.
Challenges mothers identify in bottle feeding their preterm infants.

PURPOSE To describe the challenges mothers identify in bottle feeding their preterm infants prior to discharge from the NICU. DESIGN Mothers bottle fed their infants in the NICU while being videotaped. Following the feeding, a semifocused interview was conducted with the mother using playback of the videotaped feeding to enhance exploration of the experience of feeding. SAMPLE The participants were 22 mothers of preterm infants (< or = 1,500 grams). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE Mothers' challenges in feeding preterm infants. RESULTS Mothers identified three major categories of challenge: ensuring safety during the feeding, ensuring adequate intake of calories, and advancing the feeding plan once home. Mothers described strategies they used to meet these challenges and discussed the implications some of these strategies held for them.
The Musculature of the Woolly Aphid of the Elm (Schizoneura Americana)

The Woolly Aphid of the elm ( Schizoneura americana ) was first described by Riley (15) in 1879. Later papers, dealing with the ecology and external anatomy, were published by Gillette (7), Lugger (9), Aldrich (1), Patch (14) and Davidson (4). However, no detailed work has been done on the internal anatomy of this species. Other aphids have been used as material for study and these include the work of Mark (10), Witlacqil (21), Mordvilko (11), Flogel (6), Davidson (5), Baker (2), Shibata (16), Knowlton (8) and Weber (18-20)
Stratigraphic expression of Earth's deepest δ13C excursion in the Wonoka Formation of South Australia

The most negative carbon isotope excursion in Earth history is found in carbonate rocks of the Ediacaran Period (635-541 Ma). Known colloquially as the “Shuram” excursion, workers have long noted its broad concordance with the rise of abundant macro-scale fossils in the rock record, collectively known as the “Ediacaran Biota.” Thus, the Shuram excursion has been interpreted by many in the context of a dramatically changing redox state of the Ediacaran oceans—for example, a result of methane cycling in a low O2 atmosphere, the final destruction of a large pool of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and the step-wise oxidation of the Ediacaran oceans. More recently, diagenetic interpretations of the Shuram excursion have challenged the various redox models, with the very negative δ13C values of Ediacaran carbonates explained via sedimentary in-growth of very δ13C depleted authigenic carbonates, meteoric alteration or late-stage burial diagenesis. A stratigraphic and sedimentological context is required to discriminate between these explanatory models, and to determine whether the Shuram excursion can be used to evaluate oxygenation in terminal Neoproterozoic oceans. Here we present chemo-stratigraphic data (δ13C, δ18O, and trace element abundances) from 15 measured sections of the Ediacaran-aged Wonoka Formation (Fm.) of South Australia. In some locations, the Wonoka Fm. is ∼700 meters (m) of mixed shelf limestones and siliciclastics that record a 17 permil δ13C excursion (−12 to +5‰). Further north in the basin, the Wonoka Fm. is host to deep (∼1 km) paleocanyons, which are partly filled by tabular-clast carbonate breccias. Canyon-filling ceased during ongoing sedimentation on the shelf interior (the “canyon-shoulder”), as evidenced by upper canyon-shoulder units that overlie and cap certain canyon-fill sequences. The unprecedented size of the chemostratigraphic dataset presented here (2671 δ13C-δ18O measurements from the canyon-shoulder, 1393 δ13C-δ18O measurements from canyon clasts, and 11 different trace elements measured on 247 Wonoka Fm. carbonate samples), when coupled with the unique canyon-shoulder to canyon-fill depositional system of the Wonoka Fm., allows for new insights into Ediacaran carbon isotope systematics. The excursion is preserved in a remarkably consistent fashion across 12,000 km2 of basin area; fabric-altering diagenesis, where present, occurs at the sub-meter vertical scale, results in
Emission of Macrocyclic and Linear Poly(2-vinylnaphthalene): Observation of Two Excimer Populations in Macrocycles

Macrocyclic vinyl aromatic polymers, particularly at small degrees of polymerization (DP), exhibit properties that diverge from linear polymers. A series of matched DP linear and macrocyclic polymers are prepared for one such model system, poly(2-vinylnaphthalene), and their spectroscopic properties (electronic absorption, steady-state and picosecond time-resolved emission) are compared. It is found that small macrocycles exhibit pronounced differences in their excited state dynamics compared to their linear analogues: as the DP decreases, the ratio of monomer to excimer emission is strongly enhanced as is the overall emission quantum yield, and the excimer emission is increasingly blue-shifted. Moreover, time-resolved data shows the formation of excimers in the DPn = 12 macrocycle is at least an order of magnitude faster than that for the matching linear polymer but there are at least two excimer populations for the cycles whereas the linear polymer shows only one. It is suggested that the strained macro...
FATE OF INJECTED RADIOIODINATED 4-IODOANTIPYRINE IN THE DOG AND RAT.

Summary and conclusionsThese studies show that the dog, like the rat, rapidly converts RIAP to a more diffusible form and that the liver is the primary site of this conversion. Chromatographic analysis of serial plasma samples following RIAP injection in the rat indicated that as early as 15 minutes most of the plasma radioactivity was due to free I131 and not RIAP, thus invalidating the use of this compound in total body water studies. Finally, chromatographic analyses of dog and rat bile following RIAP administration showed that in addition to RIAP and free I131, the majority of radioactivity excreted was in the form of 3 as yet unknown compounds.
Trends in atmospheric patterns conducive to seasonal precipitation and temperature extremes in California

Recent evidence suggests that changes in atmospheric circulation have altered the probability of extreme climate events in the Northern Hemisphere. We investigate northeastern Pacific atmospheric circulation patterns that have historically (1949-2015) been associated with cool-season (October-May) precipitation and temperature extremes in California. We identify changes in occurrence of atmospheric circulation patterns by measuring the similarity of the cool-season atmospheric configuration that occurred in each year of the 1949-2015 period with the configuration that occurred during each of the five driest, wettest, warmest, and coolest years. Our analysis detects statistically significant changes in the occurrence of atmospheric patterns associated with seasonal precipitation and temperature extremes. We also find a robust increase in the magnitude and subseasonal persistence of the cool-season West Coast ridge, resulting in an amplification of the background state. Changes in both seasonal mean and extreme event configurations appear to be caused by a combination of spatially nonuniform thermal expansion of the atmosphere and reinforcing trends in the pattern of sea level pressure. In particular, both thermal expansion and sea level pressure trends contribute to a notable increase in anomalous northeastern Pacific ridging patterns similar to that observed during the 2012-2015 California drought. Collectively, our empirical findings suggest that the frequency of atmospheric conditions like those during California's most severely dry and hot years has increased in recent decades, but not necessarily at the expense of patterns associated with extremely wet years.
Current Situation and Countermeasures for Fujian livestock and Poultry Industry Cluster Development

Through the adjustment of agricultural structure and industrial cluster development,Fujian Province has broken the status that livestock and poultry industry can only exists in the form of sideline,and has made increase in the proportion of husbandry in agriculture,changed the shortage of livestock and poultry products to surplus.Based on the studies of status,type,characteristics,effect and impact factors analysis of livestock and poultry industry cluster development in Fujian,this paper proposed countermeasures to support the livestock industry cluster development,change the way in which livestock and poultry industry cluster develop,promote the strategic restructuring of clusters and foster business clusters,in order to further promote and enhance the regional livestock and poultry industry cluster development.
Combined therapy for small cell undifferentiated carcinoma of the lung.

Fifty-eight patients with small cell lung cancer were treated from September, 1974, to March, 1976, with combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Surgical resection of the lung lesion was performed in three patients, and a number of surgical diagnostic methods were carried out in the remaining patients with unresectable or disseminated lesions. Nineteen patients were from the Veterans Administration Hospital and 39 from Indiana University Medical Center. The median Karnofsky performance status was 60. Thirty-nine patients had extensive disease, and 19 had disease limited to the chest and supraclavicular area. All patients received chest radiotherapy and prophylactic whole brain radiation. Adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, and vincristine were given on day 1 and continued every 3 weeks. There were 27 (48 percent) partial remissions of a median duration of 26 weeks. There were 25 patients (43 percent) with complete remission. The median survival for the entire group was 51 weeks. Six of 58 patients (10 percent) are alive and disease free from 24 to 38 months after treatment. Six of 19 patients with limited disease (32 percent) are presently alive and disease free. This includes one patient in whom surgical resection was performed. Combined therapy influences favorably the prognosis of small cell cancer of the lung, especially in those patients with limited disease and favorable performance status.
Basic Semen Analysis

Semen analysis yields useful information about the fertility status of an individual and is one of the first steps in the diagnosis of male factor infertility. This test provides an assessment of fertility potential, sperm production, functioning of accessory genital tract glands, and ejaculatory capability.
Learning foss collaboration tools & techniques through guided inquiry activities: workshop

Many faculty members (and students) desire to know more about free & open source software (FOSS) development and its tools and practices. This workshop introduces participants to collaboration tools & techniques used in FOSS. In particular, we will focus on task tracking systems and version control systems, which are unfamiliar to many faculty and students. To help participants understand what these tools do and how to use them, we will use process oriented guided inquiry learning (POGIL) activities. In POGIL, learners work in groups of 3 or 4 in guided activities that are structured to help them construct new knowledge. In the two hands-on activities, teams will work through a series of increasingly sophisticated models. In each model, teams will use tools, answer questions, explore options, and report out their findings and lessons learned. We particularly welcome students, who should enjoy the activities and could help faculty observe the strengths and limitations of the tools and activities. Participants will receive copies of all activities, presentation slides, and other materials, and an annotated bibliography on FOSS, POGIL, and related topics.