cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of field screening methods for TNT, 2,4-DNT and RDX in soil

Abstract Simple field-screening methods are presented for detecting 2,4,6-TNT, 2,4-DNT and RDX in soil. A 20-g portion of soil is extracted by manually shaking with 100 ml of acetone for three minutes. After the soil settles, the supernatant is filtered and divided into three aliquots. Two aliquots are reacted with potassium hydroxide and sodium sulfite to form the red-colored Janowsky complex when 2,4,6-TNT is present or the blue—purple complex when 2,4-DNT is present. The third aliquot of the extract is passed through a strong anion exchange resin to remove nitrate and nitrite. Then the extract is acidified and RDX is reduced with zinc to nitrous acid, which is reacted with a Griess reagent to produce a highly colored azo dye. Concentrations of TNT, 2,4-DNT and RDX are estimated from their absorbances at 540, 570 and 507 nm, respectively. Detection limits are about 1 μg/g for 2,4,6-TNT and RDX and about 2 μg/g for 2,4-DNT. Concentration estimates from field analyses correlate well with laboratory analyses.
An Overview of Transparency at the Federal Trade Commission: Generalities and Innovations in Merger Analysis - Updated

This paper presents an overview of sixteen papers in the informal Transparency Project, a comprehensive study of the Federal Trade Commission’s merger files that grew out of the 2004 Horizontal Merger Investigation data release. Analysis is presented for market definition, structure, competitive effects, entry, and efficiencies. Most of the papers follow the same basic structure; they introduce an issue related to the Merger Guidelines, review the files and generalize from the results. Commission staff appears to apply a wide range of models to evaluate mergers. Of particular interest are the innovations in merger analysis, including, but not limited too, the concept of a significant competitor, the use of evidence to test structural models and the application of Net Present Value to entry analysis. .
An active kinase domain is required for retention of PKCθ at the T cell immunological synapse

Protein kinase Cθ (PKCθ) is a serine/threonine kinase that plays an essential role in antigen-regulated responses of T lymphocytes. Upon antigen stimulation, PKC θ is rapidly recruited to the immunological synapse (IS), the region of contact between the T cell and antigen-presenting cell. This behavior is unique among T cell PKC isoforms. To define domains of PKCθ required for retention at the IS, we generated deletion and point mutants of PKC θ. We used quantitative imaging analysis to assess IS retention of PKCθ mutants in antigen- stimulated T cell clones. Deletion of the kinase domain or site-directed mutation of a subset of known PKCθ phosphorylation sites abrogated or significantly reduced IS retention, respec - tively. IS retention did not correlate with phosphorylation of specific PKC θ residues but rather with kinase function. Thus PKCθ catalytic competence is essential for stable IS retention.
LPS-induced signals in activation of a caspase-3-like protease, a key enzyme regulating apoptotic cell damage into a macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, in the presence of cycloheximide

The earliest observed apoptotic change in a macrophage-like cell line, J774.1, treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of cycloheximide (CHX) was a selective increase in caspase-3-like activity. The addition of polymyxin B, TPCK, herbimycin A, or genistein, all of which inhibited LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production by macrophages, suppressed the activation of the caspase-3-like protease in these macrophages treated simultaneously with CHX. However, SB202190 and SB203580, inhibitors of MAP kinase, and PD98059, an inhibitor of MAP-kinase kinase (MEK), showed no effect on the activation of the caspase-3-like protease or on the cell damage of the macrophages treated with LPS and CHX, whereas they inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production. These results suggest that some of the early signals in LPS-treated macrophages are common to the subsequent pathways for TNF-alpha production and caspase-3-like protease activation, but the later signals, like MAP-kinase kinase or MAP-kinase, are not involved in the pathways for caspase-3-like protease activation.
Practical pluggable types for java

This paper introduces the Checker Framework, which supports adding pluggable type systems to the Java language in a backward-compatible way. A type system designer defines type qualifiers and their semantics, and a compiler plug-in enforces the semantics. Programmers can write the type qualifiers in their programs and use the plug-in to detect or prevent errors. The Checker Framework is useful both to programmers who wish to write error-free code, and to type system designers who wish to evaluate and deploy their type systems.The Checker Framework includes new Java syntax for expressing type qualifiers; declarative and procedural mechanisms for writing type-checking rules; and support for flow-sensitive local type qualifier inference and for polymorphism over types and qualifiers. The Checker Framework is well-integrated with the Java language and toolset.We have evaluated the Checker Framework by writing 5 checkers and running them on over 600K lines of existing code. The checkers found real errors, then confirmed the absence of further errors in the fixed code. The case studies also shed light on the type systems themselves.
Bruises, Burns, and Other Blemishes: Diagnostic Considerations of Physical Abuse

Bruises and burns are often early signs of child physical abuse that, if unrecognized and/or unreported, can lead to additional injuries and, ultimately, poor outcomes. The emergency physician is in the position to recognize signs of abuse, diagnose, treat, and intervene on behalf of the child to help ensure protection from further harm. In children with bruising and burns suspicious for physical abuse, concomitant occult injuries such as fractures, abdominal injury, and brain injury are common and therefore must be considered. This article uses cases to illustrate the approach to cutaneous injury in children and emphasizes the importance of including physical abuse as part of the differential diagnosis in young children with injuries.
Current Matrix Elements from a Relativistic Quark Model

A relativistic equation to represent the symmetric quark model of hadrons with harmonic interaction is used to define and calculate matrix elements of vector and axial-vector currents. Elements between states with large mass differences are too big compared to experiment, so a factor whose functional form involves one arbitrary constant is introduced to compensate this. The vector elements are compared with experiments on photoelectric meson production, Kl3 decay, and ω→πγ. Pseudoscalar-meson decay widths of hadrons are calculated supposing the amplitude is proportional (with one new scale constant) to the divergence of the axial-vector current matrix elements. Starting only from these two constants, the slope of the Regge trajectories, and the masses of the particles, 75 matrix elements are calculated, of which more than 3/4 agree with the experimental values within 40%. The problems of extending this calculational scheme to a viable physical theory are discussed.
How useful is hand-carried bedside echocardiography in critically ill patients?

OBJECTIVES The study compared a hand-carried echocardiography (HC) device with standard echocardiography (SE) in critically ill patients. BACKGROUND Recently, small HC devices have been introduced, and early reports showed a good correlation with SE. METHODS We used HC (SonoSite, Bothell, Washington) echocardiography to evaluate critically ill patients, and we compared the results with SE obtained with state-of-the-art equipment (Sonos 5500, Hewlett-Packard, Andover, Massachusetts). Each of 80 critically ill patients was studied twice (HC and SE). The studies were done and interpreted separately in blinded fashion. RESULTS The HC device missed a clinical finding related to the reason for referral in 31% of patients. In 19% of patients a clinically important finding separate from the indication for echocardiography was also missed. The total number of patients with one or more missed findings was 36 (45%). Findings were missed by HC for several reasons. First, HC does not contain spectral Doppler, electrocardiographic, or M-mode capabilities. Two-dimensional imaging is superior on SE, with improved image processing. In addition, although HC does contain color power Doppler, it does not have true color flow Doppler imaging. Therefore, HC often failed to detect or accurately quantify valvular regurgitation. CONCLUSIONS Although the HC device was able to provide important anatomic information, the device falls far short of SE in the evaluation of critically ill patients.
Internal dynamics of a wheeled mobile robot

Since the dynamics of a wheeled mobile robot is nonlinear, the feedback linearization technique is commonly used to linearize the input-output map. The input-output linearized system has a nonlinear internal dynamics. In this paper, the internal dynamics of the mobile robot under the look-ahead control is first characterized. The look-ahead control takes the coordinates of a reference point in front of the mobile robot as the output equation. Using a novel Lyapunov function, the stability of the internal dynamics is then analyzed. In particular, it is shown that the internal motion of the mobile robot is asymptotically stable when the reference point is commanded to move forward, whereas the internal motion is unstable when the reference point moves backward. Simulation and experimental results are provided to verify the analysis.
Can Cognitive Neuroscience Ground a Science of Learning

In this article, I review recent findings in cognitive neuroscience in learning, particularly in the learning of mathematics and of reading. I argue that while cognitive neuroscience is in its infancy as a field, theories of learning will need to incorporate and account for this growing body of empirical data.
Hemodynamic Effects of Angiotensin II and Bradykinin Infused Intraventricularly in Conscious Dogs

A1 though angiotensin I1 (A-11) is a potent direct vasoconstrictor and bradykinin (BK) a potent direct vasodilator, both peptides elicit pressor responses when administered intraventricular ly (IVT) (1). The cardiac and regional changes associated with this rise in pressure in conscious animals remain undocumented. In addition, it is difficult to evaluate t he relative potency of these neuropeptides, since the data reported have been obtained using different doses, species, and anesthetics. The differences between the hemod namic roperties of A-I1 administered IVT or intravenously {IV~ are afso unclear for similar reasons. such a comparison might be of interest to discuss the potential role of these peptides in the central r egulation of blood pressure, especially since the AV3V, a paraventricular region, has been demonstrated to be implicated in the central pressor effect of A-11 in dogs (2). This study was desi ned to investigate and compare the hemodynamic properties of ?/ IVT infusions of A-I1 and BK and 2/ IVT vs IV A-I1 infusions in awake chronically instrumented dogs.
Applied Social and Behavioral Science to Address Complex Health Problems

Complex and dynamic societal factors continue to challenge the capacity of the social and behavioral sciences in preventive medicine and public health to overcome the most seemingly intractable health problems. This paper proposes a fundamental shift from a research approach that presumes to identify (from highly controlled trials) universally applicable interventions expected to be implemented "with fidelity" by practitioners, to an applied social and behavioral science approach similar to that of engineering. Such a shift would build on and complement the recent recommen- dations of the NIH Office of Behavioral and Social Science Research and require reformulation of the research-practice dichotomy. It would also require disciplines now engaged in preventive medicine and public health practice to develop a better understanding of systems thinking and the science of application that is sensitive to the complexity, interactivity, and unique elements of community and practice settings. Also needed is a modification of health-related education to ensure that those entering the disciplines develop instincts and capacities as applied scientists. (Am J Prev Med 2011;41(5):525-531) © 2011 American Journal of Preventive Medicine
Osteoarthritis guidelines: a progressive role for topical NSAIDs.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a potentially debilitating disorder that can place serious limitations on patient functionality and overall quality of life. Traditionally considered a disease of the elderly, more recent perceptions of OA reveal a broad spectrum of age and disease severity among patients. Because there are no curative or disease-modifying therapies for patients with OA at present, current approaches to management strive to relieve pain and increase functionality while minimizing the potential for adverse effects. Osteopathic physicians are particularly well positioned to achieve these goals, in light of their focus on manipulative treatment and their emphasis on total patient care.
Antigen-Independent Appearance of Recombination Activating Gene (Rag)-Positive Bone Marrow B Cells in the Spleens of Immunized Mice

Splenic B lineage cells expressing recombination activation genes (RAG+) in mice immunized with 4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl-acetyl coupled to chicken γ-globulin (NP-CGG) and the adjuvant aluminum-hydroxide (alum) have been proposed to be mature B cells that reexpress RAG after an antigen encounter in the germinal center (GC), a notion supported by findings of RAG expression in peripheral B lymphocyte populations activated in vitro. However, recent studies indicate that these cells might be immature B cells that have not yet extinguished RAG expression. Here, we employ RAG2–green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion gene knock-in mice to show that RAG+ B lineage cells do appear in the spleen after the administration of alum alone, and that their appearance is independent of T cell interactions via the CD40 pathway. Moreover, splenic RAG+ B lineage cells were detectable in immunized RAG2-deficient mice adoptively transferred with bone marrow (BM) cells, but not with spleen cells from RAG+ mice. Although splenic RAG+ B cells express surface markers associated with GC B cells, we also find the same basic markers on progenitor/precursor BM B cells. Finally, we did not detect RAG gene expression after the in vitro stimulation of splenic RAG− mature B cells with mitogens (lipopolysaccharide and anti-CD40) and cytokines (interleukin [IL]-4 and IL-7). Together, our studies indicate that RAG+ B lineage cells from BM accumulate in the spleen after immunization, and that this accumulation is not the result of an antigen-specific response.
Gene family level comparative analysis of gene expression in mammals validates the ortholog conjecture.

The ortholog conjecture (OC), which is central to functional annotation of genomes, posits that orthologous genes are functionally more similar than paralogous genes at the same level of sequence divergence. However, a recent study challenged the OC by reporting a greater functional similarity, in terms of Gene Ontology (GO) annotations and expression profiles, among within-species paralogs compared with orthologs. These findings were taken to indicate that functional similarity of homologous genes is primarily determined by the cellular context of the genes, rather than evolutionary history. However, several subsequent studies suggest that GO annotations and microarray data could artificially inflate functional similarity between paralogs from the same organism. We sought to test the OC using approaches distinct from those used in previous studies. Analysis of a large RNAseq data set from multiple human and mouse tissues shows that expression similarity (correlations coefficients, rank‘s, or Z-scores) between orthologs is substantially greater than that for between-species paralogs with the same sequence divergence, in agreement with the OC and the results of recent detailed analyses. These findings are further corroborated by a fine-grain analysis in which expression profiles of orthologs and paralogs were compared separately for individual gene families. Expression profiles of within-species paralogs are more strongly correlated than profiles of orthologs but it is shown that this is caused by high background noise, that is, correlation between profiles of unrelated genes in the same organism. Z-scores and rank scores show a nonmonotonic dependence of expression profile similarity on sequence divergence. This complexity of gene expression evolution after duplication might be at least partially caused by selection for protein dosage rebalancing following gene duplication.
Are There Too Many Deer in a Large Private Park in West-central Indiana?

ABSTRACT: Overabundant white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) can have significant effects on forest understory vegetation, especially in parks where hunting is not permitted. The DePauw Nature Park is a large (210 ha) private park located in west-central Indiana; hunting was prohibited in the park when the park was established in 2003. The park is mostly forest habitat but is surrounded by a rural landscape consisting of a mix of agricultural fields and forest fragments. We assessed the effects of deer on forest understory vegetation in the park using exclosures and control plots and estimated the size of the deer population in the park using infrared digital game cameras. There were almost no changes in forest understory vegetation during the first four years after the exclosures were established. The estimated population size of deer in the park ranged from 46 to 66 deer per km2. Although no observations were made outside park boundaries, we believe that the deer often move in and out of the park, ...
The Current State of Public Library Research in Select Peer-Reviewed Journals: 1996-2000

The purpose of this article is to examine the current state of research regarding public libraries in the library and information studies (LIS) literature over the past five years of publication. Four characteristics were examined: (1) frequency of publication; (2) author profiles; (3) subject; and (4) methodology.
Pairing corrections and spin cutoff factors in exciton level densities for two kinds of fermions

Pairing corrections in particle-hole (exciton) state-density formulas used in precompound nuclear reaction theories are, strictly speaking, dependent on the nuclear excitation energy U and the exciton number n. A general formula for (U, n)-dependent pairing corrections was derived earlier for the exciton state-density formula for a system of one kind of fermion. A similar derivation is made for a system of two kinds of fermions, a system in which neutrons and protons occupy different sets of single-particle states. In this paper it is shown that the constant-pairing- energy correction used in standard state-density formulas, such as U{sub 0} in Gilbert and Cameron, is a limiting case of the present general (U,n)-dependent results. Spin cutoff factors are calculated using the same pairing theory and parameterized into an explicit (U,n)-dependent function, thereby defining the exciton level-density formula for two kinds of fermions. The results show that the ratios in the exciton level densities in the one-and two-fermion approaches vary with both U and n, thus, most likely leading to differences in calculated compound-to-precompound ratios. However, the differences in the spin cutoff factors in the two cases are found to be rather small.
Low-Temperature Specific Heats of AgSn Alloys

The specific heats of pure Ag and $\mathrm{Ag}\mathrm{Sn}$ alloys up to 8 at.% Sn have been measured between 2 and 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K with a precision generally better than \textonehalf{}%. For pure Ag, the result is $\ensuremath{\gamma}=(0.646\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005)$ mJ ${\mathrm{mol}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, and the Debye temperature is (225.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5)\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, both in good agreement with one group of previous workers. The electronic coefficient $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ varies linearly versus electron-per-atom ratio $\frac{e}{a}$ at the rate $\frac{d(\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\gamma})}{d(\frac{e}{a})}=0.22\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.06$, in agreement with the $\mathrm{Ag}\mathrm{Cd}$ data of Montgomery and Pells. The Debye temperature decreases on alloying, following a common curve versus $\frac{e}{a}$ with the $\mathrm{Ag}\mathrm{Cd}$ results. The calorimetric method is unusual; repeated measurements are made at 2, 3, and 4\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K only, and considerable thermal conductance is allowed between the sample and a cold reservoir.
Metal Chelates Based on Isoxazoline[60]fullerenes

Fullerene C60 reacts with a variety of nitrile oxides, providing access to an array of fullerene-fused heterocycles bearing covalently linked chelate moieties. The improved chelating property of the newly synthesized isoxazoline[60]fullerene adducts toward transition metals allows the syntheses of octahedral and square-planar organometallic compounds of rhenium, iridium, and platinum. This new approach has great potential as a general route to other novel derivatives containing catalytically active transition metals.
A QP-Based Approach to Kinematic Motion Planning of Multibody Systems

This article presents a quadratic programming (QP) based approach to local kinematic motion planning of general multibody robotic systems. Given kinematic constraints and targets such as desired positions and orientations in Cartesian space, we find locally optimal joint velocities toward the targets at every time step by formulating the problem into a constrained optimization with a quadratic objective function and linear constraints in terms of the joint velocities. The solution is integrated to obtain the joint displacements at the next time step, and this process is repeated until reaching the targets or converging to a certain configuration. Our formulation based on relative Jacobian is particularly useful in handling constraints on relative motions, which arises in many practical problems such as dual-arm manipulation and self-collision avoidance, in a concise manner. A brief overview of our software implementation and its applications to manipulation and mobility planning of a simulated multi-limbed robot are also presented.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Design and Hardware Implementation of Improved Ziegler-Nichols Tuning

The classical PID tuning is complex for computation.Introduce an improved Z-N tuning.It proposed the method of system characteristic parameters by hardware and achieved self-tuning of PID parameters.In the test based on brushless DC motor servo system,the motor control process is responsive without overshoot and smooth operation.
Rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of T-cell function, prevents graft rejection in murine recipients of allogeneic T-cell-depleted donor marrow.

We investigated the ability of the macrolide antifungal agent rapamycin (RAPA) to inhibit the rejection of T-cell-depleted (TCD) donor bone marrow (BM) transplanted into major histocompatibility complex (MHC)- disparate irradiated recipients. RAPA (1.5 mg/kg) was administered for 14 days beginning on the day of transplant. In the present study, we have tested RAPA administration in two types of fully allogeneic BM transplantation (BMT) systems in which host T cells mediate the rejection of TCD BM grafts (DBA/1 transplanted into C57BL/6 and BALB/c transplanted into C57BL/6). In both instances, RAPA administration prevented the rejection of the donor graft, accelerated post-BMT hematopoietic recovery, and did not compromise recipient survival. Sequential post-BMT fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of the spleen showed that RAPA administration inhibited host CD4+ and CD8+ T- cell expansion that leads to graft rejection. To further investigate the effect of RAPA on T-cell subpopulations, we used two congenic donor mouse stains with isolated MHC class I (bm1) or class II (bm12) mutations. In these studies, we showed that RAPA administration can inhibit MHC class I-restricted CD8+ or class II-restricted CD4+ T-cell- mediated graft rejection without compromising recipient survival. The RAPA-facilitated alloengraftment is multilineage and durable. We have also shown that RAPA speeds hematopoietic recovery post-BMT. We conclude that RAPA represents a new therapeutic modality for promoting alloengraftment and accelerating hematopoietic recovery.
Personal Values, Self-Concept, Internal Vs. External Locus of Control, Consumer Discontent with Marketing System, and Satisfaction at the Micro-Level

The major purpose of this paper is to provide a conceptual framework for explaining consumer satisfaction on the basis of personal values, self-acceptance, Internal vs. External locus of control and discontent with Marketing system. This framework was used for a research project to examine the differences in the levels of satisfaction at the macro-level and micro-level between three major sub-cultural groups, i.e., Anglos, Blacks and Hispanics in the Greater Miami area.
Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct, and ADHD

The link between oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) was evaluated in 140 children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 120 normal controls examined at baseline and 4 years later, in midadolescence, at the Pediatric Psychopharmacology Unit, Psychiatric Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA.
Cultivating the liberally educated mind through a signature program

ABSTRACTIn this article, the authors describe the Miller Upton Programs launched by the Beloit College Department of Economics in 2008. The programs aim to advance student understanding of the nature and causes of wealth and well-being. After describing the programs’ core elements, the authors discuss ways in which they leverage economic discourse as a means to advance liberal learning. They argue that programs of this kind advance liberal learning by cultivating skills required to engage the great questions of human flourishing, by fostering development of students’ economic imagination and by enhancing students’ ability to engage in genuine intellectual discovery. Details on the history and resource commitments for various program aspects are provided, allowing readers to identify program elements appropriate for replication at their home institutions.
Reduced order variational multiscale enrichment method for thermo-mechanical problems

This manuscript presents the formulation and implementation of the reduced order variational multiscale enrichment (ROVME) method for thermo-mechanical problems. ROVME is extended to model the inelastic behavior of heterogeneous structures, in which the constituent properties are temperature sensitive. The temperature-dependent coefficient tensors of the reduced order method are approximated in an efficient manner, retaining the computational efficiency of the reduced order model in the presence of spatial/temporal temperature variations. A Newton---Raphson iterative scheme is formulated and implemented for the numerical evaluation of nonlinear system of equations associated with the proposed ROVME method. Numerical verifications are performed to assess the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed computational framework. The results of the verifications reveal that ROVME retains reasonable accuracy and achieves high efficiency in the presence of hermo-mechanical loads.
Scaffolds for retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation in age-related macular degeneration:

In several retinal degenerative diseases, including age-related macular degeneration, the retinal pigment epithelium, a highly functionalized cell monolayer, becomes dysfunctional. These retinal diseases are marked by early retinal pigment epithelium dysfunction reducing its ability to maintain a healthy retina, hence making the retinal pigment epithelium an attractive target for treatment. Cell therapies, including bolus cell injections, have been investigated with mixed results. Since bolus cell injection does not promote the proper monolayer architecture, scaffolds seeded with retinal pigment epithelium cells and then implanted have been increasingly investigated. Such cell-seeded scaffolds address both the dysfunction of the retinal pigment epithelium cells and age-related retinal changes that inhibit the efficacy of cell-only therapies. Currently, several groups are investigating retinal therapies using seeded cells from a number of cell sources on a variety of scaffolds, such as degradable, non-degradable, natural, and artificial substrates. This review describes the variety of scaffolds that have been developed for the implantation of retinal pigment epithelium cells.
Multiplexed infrared plasmonic surface lattice resonances

We demonstrate that arrays of flat gold nanodisks with rectangular lattices can support a tunable hybrid frequency gap formed by the surface lattice resonances in the substrate ((+1, 0)sub) and the superstrate ((−1, 0)sup). For a certain polarization, rotation of the arrays reduces this gap, forming a band crossing (degenerate state) wherein both surface lattice resonances happen around a single wavelength (~1300 nm). This highlights a situation wherein hybridization of the Rayleigh anomaly with localized surface plasmon resonances with different multipolar natures happens around the same wavelength. We demonstrate that for a different polarization of the incident light the arrays support the formation of a photonic–plasmonic state at about 1650 nm. Our results show that as the projection of the wave vector of the incident light on the planes of the nanodisk arrays increases, within a given wavelength range, the (+1, 0) mode of this state becomes amplified. Under this condition, this mode can undergo a significant blue shift without broadening, while its amplitude increases.
(Re)Constituting Community: Takfir and Institutional Design in Tunisia and Yemen

ABSTRACTAs a speech act, takfir—the allegation of a Muslim’s apostasy—may insinuate violence in a way that can delimit the boundaries of political, as well as religious, community. Yet the use of t...
Philosophy as Consciousness and the Ego

In considering ‘philosophy’ itself, as consciousness and the ego, let us turn first of all to a philosopher in history who is a good example of those who confuse ‘philosophy’ and phenomena to a remarkably small degree, namely, James Frederick Ferrier. We will also deal briefly with consciousness as revealed through the ego of Fichte and Lotze, showing points of strength and possible weakness (according to Grote) in each. First of all, then, we will consider the philosophical and the phenomenalist views as clearly distinguished by Ferrier.
MILLIMETER-RESOLUTION DOSIMETRY FOR EM FIELDS FROM MOBILE TELEPHONES AND POWER LINES

Numerical methods have matured to a level that they are being increasingly used by many laboratories for dosimetric calculations for important and meaningful bioelectromagnetic problems. For certification of mobile telephones to be within the ANSI/IEEE C95.1-1992 RF Safety Guidelines, the approach discussed in this paper may be quite useful. We should also be able to use the numerical approach outlined here to understand coupling of power-frequency high-magnetic-field sources such as hair dryers, hair clippers, electric shavers, etc., to the human head. Of particular-interest would be the induced EMFs and current densities for the pineal gland which has been alleged to be involved in the biological effects of power-frequency FMFs. With the resolution of the present models being on the order of 11.7 milligrams of tissue for each of the cells of dimension 1.974 × 1.974 × 3 mm, it is possible to define even small glands, such as the pineal, with a great deal of precision. The numerical models may also be used for the design/assessment of important biomedical devices such as implantable cardiac defibrillators, etc.
People as contexts in conversation

Abstract Language use in conversational settings is tailored to the knowledge and beliefs of specific conversational partners. We compare conversational partners in studies of language use to environmental context in studies of memory retrieval, and discuss the evidence of partner-specific language use with respect to the memory mechanisms involved. We outline a proposal regarding the process of encoding partner-specific contextual bindings in conversation in which we argue that formation of these bindings is limited by attention and memory processes. We discuss the way in which this proposal accounts for the existing data in the literature, and outline a series of predictions that this view makes.
On Gender and Reproductive Decision-Making in Uterine Transplantation

In this issue of the American Journal of Bioethics, Bruno and Arora’s Target Article (2018) and the Open Peer Commentaries thereto contribute to the ongoing discourse regarding ethical issues in ut...
Abstract 332: Fibronectin Containing Extra Domain a in the Plasma, but not Tissue, Exacerbates Stroke Outcome in the Comorbid Condition of Hyperlipidemia

Background: Fibronectin-splicing variant containing extra domain A (Fn-EDA) is expressed in the endothelium of atherosclerotic arteries and elevated in circulation in at risk of patients with diabe...
Eigenvalues of Boundary Value Problems of Second Order with Jumping Nonlinearities

Unilateral boundary value problems for second order ODEs with jumping nonlinearities are studied. Problems under consideration can be interpreted as a simple model of a beam which is supported by a pointwise unilateral elastic obstacle. Couples of eigenvalues and eigenfunctions are found and their dependence on the parameter corresponding to the strength of the obstacle is shown.
Ubiquitous increases in flood magnitude in the Columbia River basin under climate change

Abstract. The US and Canada have entered negotiations to modernize the Columbia River Treaty, signed in 1961. Key priorities are balancing flood risk, hydropower production, and improving aquatic ecosystem function while incorporating projected effects of climate change. In support of the US effort, Chegwidden et al. (2017) developed a large-ensemble dataset of past and future daily flows at 396 sites throughout the Columbia River Basin (CRB) and select other watersheds in western Washington and Oregon, generating a large ensemble using state-of-the art climate and hydrologic models. In this study, we use that dataset – the largest now available – to present new analyses of the effects of future climate change on flooding using water year maximum daily flows. For each simulation, flood statistics are estimated from Generalized Extreme Value distributions fit to simulated water year maximum daily flows for 50-year windows of the past (1950–1999) and future (2050–2099) periods. Our results contrast with previous findings: we find that the vast majority of locations in the CRB are estimated to experience an increase in future discharge magnitudes. We show that on the Columbia and Willamette rivers, increases in discharge magnitudes are smallest downstream and grow larger moving upstream. For the Snake River, however, the pattern is reversed, with increases in discharge magnitudes growing larger moving downstream to the confluence with the Salmon River tributary, and then abruptly dropping. We decompose the variation in results attributable to climate and hydrologic factors, finding that climate contributes more variation in larger basins while hydrology contributes more in smaller basins. Equally important for practical applications like flood control rule curves, the seasonal timing of flooding shifts dramatically on some rivers (e.g., on the Snake, 20th century floods occur exclusively in late spring, but by the end of the 21st century some floods occur as early as December) and not at all on others (e.g. the Willamette).
“My Scars Remain Forever”: A Qualitative Study on Biographical Developments in Adult Children of Parents with Mental Illness

In recent years, numerous studies have been published on the experiences and burdens of children of mentally ill parents. However, a limited body of knowledge remains concerning long-term effects of parental mental illness and the experiences of these children in adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the lasting impact of parental mental illness on adult children's biographies, personalities, and social relationships. According to this, the research was guided by a life course perspective, examining participants’ experiences in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Adult children (n = 18) who experienced childhood parental mental illness participated in an in-depth interview study. They reported a wide range of personal problems that they perceived as a result of their stressful childhood experiences. Adult children often felt negatively influenced and impaired regarding their health, identity, behavior, social relationships, and daily life experiences. Consequently, many expressed a need for professional support in order to be able to reflect upon their experiences and problems. Clinical social workers and other health and social care professionals can play an important role in providing services for adult children of parents with mental illness. Based on the results, recommendations for psycho-social practice are presented in this paper.
Falsely Accused Clergy in Therapy: A Case Study

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study exploring an integrated trauma-informed, cognitive, and religiously-based approach to working with clergy who have been falsely accused of child sexual abuse (CSA). In the wake of numerous reports of sexual misconduct (PBS.org), scholars have explored the factors that may contribute to this morally reprehensible behavior (Death, 2018). Research has focused on the structural and systemic issues, reporting, and clergy reactions to CSA (Death, 2018; Harper, 2018; Longwood, 2018) but does not account for how clinical social workers may approach treatment with the falsely-accused. While in no way denouncing or placing doubt upon the victims of clergy CSA, this case study attempts to contribute to the literature by providing a description of the presentation, symptoms, and treatment of a pastor seeking therapy from a similarly religiously-oriented clinician following an accusation from which the accuser recanted and no charges were pressed.
An Introduction to Calculating Bayes Factors in JASP for Speech, Language, and Hearing Research

Purpose Evidence-based data analysis methods are important in clinical research fields, including speech-language pathology and audiology. Although commonly used, null hypothesis significance testi...
Summary of International Growth Hormone Symposium

The amount of material presented at this meeting is exceedingly large and complex. A summary can only collate and coordinate the major points covered. It is not the intent of this summary to give explicit details, and it is not even possible to present data from all of the investigators that have presented.
The historical context of contemporary climatic adaptation: a case study in the climatically dynamic and environmentally complex southwestern United States

The process of adaptation can be highly dependent upon historical and contemporary factors, especially in environmentally and topographically complex regions affected by Pleistocene glaciations. Here, we investigate Hilaria jamesii (Poaceae), a dryland C₄ graminoid, to test how patterns of adaptive genetic variation are linked to its glacial and post‐glacial history. We show that the species persisted in a single, southern refugium during the last glacial period and subsequently migrated throughout its current distribution concurrent with post‐glacial warming. The species’ putative adaptive genetic variation correlates with climatic gradients (e.g. monsoon precipitation and mean diurnal temperature range) that covary with the species’ probable route of demographic expansion. The short timescale and multiple climatic dimensions of adaptation imply that natural selection acted primarily upon standing genetic variation. These findings suggest that restoration and conservation practices should prioritize the maintenance of standing genetic variation to ensure that species have the capacity to respond to future environmental changes.
Steeling against Midlife Adversity: Resilience-Promoting Practices of Long-Term Romantic Pairs

Midlife is a time of both turbulence and stability for long-term romantic couples, a period that may bring adversity in the form of changed roles, distressed adult offspring, health conditions, and...
Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls in packaging materials

Polychlorinated biphenyls have been used extensively in industrial applications and are marketed in the United States under the trade name Aroclor. 2 The recent FDA findings, which reported the presence of polychlorinatedbiphenyls (PCB) in foodstuffs, have required the development of analytical procedures for monitoring PCB contamination in food packaging materials. An analytical procedure is presented for detecting trace quantities of PCB's present in printing inks and resins which are used in the printing of food packaging materials. This procedure employs an electron capture gas chromatograph and is capable of detecting PCB's at a level below 0.3 ppm.
Sleep Architecture in Children With Down Syndrome With and Without Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

ObjectiveTo characterize polysomnographic sleep architecture in children with Down syndrome and compare findings in those with and without obstructive sleep apnea.Study DesignCase series with retro...
Boolean implication analysis unveils candidate universal relationships in microbiome data

Microbiomes consist of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms, and are responsible for many different functions in both organisms and the environment. Past analyses of microbiomes focused on using correlation to determine linear relationships between microbes and diseases. Weak correlations due to nonlinearity between microbe pairs may cause researchers to overlook critical components of the data. With the abundance of available microbiome, we need a method that comprehensively studies microbiomes and how they are related to each other. We collected publicly available datasets from human, environment, and animal samples to determine both symmetric and asymmetric Boolean implication relationships between a pair of microbes. We then found relationships that are potentially invariants, meaning they will hold in any microbe community. In other words, if we determine there is a relationship between two microbes, we expect the relationship to hold in almost all contexts. We discovered that around 330,000 pairs of microbes universally exhibit the same relationship in almost all the datasets we studied, thus making them good candidates for invariants. Our results also confirm known biological properties and seem promising in terms of disease diagnosis. Since the relationships are likely universal, we expect them to hold in clinical settings, as well as general populations. If these strong invariants are present in disease settings, it may provide insight into prognostic, predictive, or therapeutic properties of clinically relevant diseases. For example, our results indicate that there is a difference in the microbe distributions between patients who have or do not have IBD, eczema and psoriasis. These new analyses may improve disease diagnosis and drug development in terms of accuracy and efficiency.
Experimental study of local air-side heat transfer coefficient on real-scale heat exchanger fins by employing an absorption-based mass transfer method

Abstract Local air-side heat transfer coefficients (HTCs) of real-scale heat exchanger fins have been experimentally investigated in the current study. A recently developed absorption-based mass transfer method has been employed to visualize and obtain two-dimensional HTC distributions on different fins at a high resolution (8.6 µm). The process involves a mass transfer from airflow to a color change thin film coating. The local mass transfer is obtained through observing and quantifying the color change. Thus, local HTCs can be determined by applying the analogy between heat and mass transfer. The accuracy of this absorption-based experimental method has been validated on external flow across a flat plate which shows good agreement compared to the analytical solution. Moreover, the averaged HTCs and pressure drops of the three fin-and-tube arrays in the current study agree well with data from other researchers who have measured entire heat exchangers with similar fin geometries. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first time that local HTCs for real-scale heat exchanger fins with complex surface geometries have been experimentally obtained and published in the open literature. Moreover, the degradation of the HTCs with increasing row numbers of the three fin types has been quantified. The data shows the plain fin with inline tube arrangement has the largest HTC degradation in the second row compared to the wavy fin and louver fin with staggered tube arrangement. The method of the current study has provided a way to obtain a local and reliable comparison of heat transfer on different fin shapes. It can be utilized to generate better HTC correlations for heat exchangers and to recognize opportunities for improvement.
It’s about Planning: Understanding Young Millennials’ Intention toward Marriage Using the Theory of Planned Behavior

Millennials are arguably different than their previous generations and studying marriage intention among young millennials would provide insights into the changing views of the long-standing instit...
SUSPENSION FAULT DIAGNOSTICS USING VEHICLE PITCH AND ROLL MODELS

The vehicle suspension system, including springs, dampers and stabilizer bars are critical to vehicle riding and handling experience. Automatic fault detection, isolation and failure prognosis of the suspension system will greatly improve vehicle perceived quality, serviceability and customer experience. In our previous work [1], a static diagnostic approach using a ramp with the known slope is proposed. Even though the method can effectively isolate the suspension system faults to each vehicle corner, it requires additional setups at dealerships. In this work, a passive approach using the vehicle pitch and roll models is presented, which can accurately isolate broken springs, leaking dampers, and broken stabilizer bars. Some enabling conditions are proposed to improve the overall algorithm robustness. The proposed solution is verified using the data collected from a test vehicle.
A Slowly Dissociating form of Bovine Hippocampal Synaptic Membrane Opiate Receptors

Since 1973 considerable effort has been devoted to the study of opiate receptors in nervous tissue. Most of these studies have utilized crude membrane preparations with few attempts to localize receptors within the cell. We have recently investigated the subcellular location of opiate receptors in rat forebrain. In our initial experiments we found receptor enrichment in highly purified synaptic plasma membrane (s.p.m.) fractions [1] and in microsomes [2] which mainly contain vesicles derived from Golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum. We have since attempted to characterize the receptors in each organelle population.