cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Topiramate Overdose: A Case Report and Literature Review

Topiramate is a medication introduced in the United States in 1997 for the treatment of epilepsy. Studies are currently underway to determine its effectiveness in the treatment of multiple conditions including bipolar disorder. It is generally well tolerated at doses commonly used in the clinical setting, however, there is little information regarding its safety in overdose. We report the case of a 24-year-old woman who ingested 4000 mg of topiramate in a suicide attempt. She was asymptomatic following the overdose and did not develop any adverse sequelae. In this article we will discuss the commonly seen side effects of topiramate use and examine the available data concerning topiramate overdose. We will review recommendations for the management of such an overdose.
Synthesis and alkali metal picrate extraction studies of lower rim functionalized p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene crown ethers

The syntheses of four new calix[4]arene receptors, i.e. 4 – 7 , each of which contains an oxahexacyclic cage moiety, are reported. The structures of two of these receptors, i.e. 4 and 7 , have been established via single crystal X-ray structural analysis. The complexation properties of 4 – 7 were determined via a series of alkali metal picrate extraction experiments. Two of the cage-functionalized calix[4]arene-crown-5 hosts, i.e. 4 and 5 , display somewhat greater extraction avidity toward Na + picrate vis-a-vis the remaining alkali metal picrates. By way of contrast, host systems 6 and 7 function effectively as a moderately selective K + extractants and display significantly increased extraction avidity toward K + picrate vis-a-vis 4 and 5 .
The measurement of physical activity in young children.

Abstract Two studies were conducted to determine the validity of various measures of physical activity in young children. In Study 1, 21 preschool children were utilized to explore how well measures of children's activity obtained from parents, teachers, and the children predicted observed behavior at school and in the home. Study 2(n = 51 preschool children) focused on the predictive validity of the Caltrac motion sensor. In both studies, detailed minute-by-minute ratings of children's activity levels served as the criterion measure. The measures of children's activity in Study 1 were generally ineffective in predicting observed physical activity. Children's activity preferences, however, were significantly related to the proportion of high intensity physical activity performed. In Study 2, there was a significant relationship (r = .86, p < .0001) between Caltrac readings and observed physical activity. This correlation was similar for boys and girls, normal and overweight children, and younger and older...
QUANTIFICATION OF INSTREAM FLOW NEEDS OF A WILD AND SCENIC RIVER FOR WATER RIGHTS LITIGATION.

: The lower 4 miles of the Red River, a tributary of the Rio Grande in northern New Mexico, was designated as one of the “instant” components of the National Wild and Scenic River System in 1968. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), as the managing agency of the wild and scenic river, was a participant in a general water rights adjudication of the Red River stream system. The BLM sought a federal reserved water right and asserted a claim to the instream flows necessary to protect and maintain the values of the river. Instream flows are not recognized under New Mexico water law. Instream flow requirements were determined by several methods to quantify the claims made by the United States for a federal reserved water right under the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. The scenic (aesthetic), recreational, and fish and wildlife values are the purposes for which instream flow requirements were claimed. Since water quality is related to these values, instream flows for waste transport and protection of water quality were also included in the claim. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's Instream Flow Incremental Methodology was used to quantify the relationship between various flow regimes and fish habitat. Experience in this litigation indicates the importance of using state-of-the-art methodologies in quantifying instream flow claims. The incremental methodology held up well under technical and legal scrutiny and is an example of the latest methodology that was applied successfully in an adjudication. On February 23, 1984, the parties involved in the adjudication entered a precedential stipulation recognizing a federal reserved right to instream flows for the Red River component of the National Wild and Scenic River System.
Epidermal growth factor inhibits follicular response to human chorionic gonadotropin: possible role of cell to cell communication in the response to gonadotropin.

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) affects follicular steroidogenesis and expression of gonadotropin receptors. The effects of EGF on hCG-induced estradiol and progesterone secretion and ovulation were examined in the in vitro perfused rabbit ovary. We also examined the effects of EGF on hCG-induced progesterone secretion by isolated granulosa cells. In addition, distribution of hCG within the follicle was probed by immunohistochemical means 30 min after its administration to the in vitro perfused ovary. EGF significantly (P less than 0.05) reduced hCG-induced secretion of estradiol (control, 117 +/- 12 pg/min.follicle; 10 ng/ml EGF, 55 +/- 10) and progesterone (control, 18.2 +/- 1.2 ng/min.follicle; 10 ng/ml EGF, 11.9 +/- 0.8) by the perfused ovary. In contrast, EGF did not inhibit hCG-induced progesterone secretion by isolated granulosa cells. Ovulatory efficiency (number of ovulated ova per number of mature follicles x 100) when EGF was given 30 min before hCG was reduced dose-dependently from 58.2% with no...
SUBNANOMOLAR CONCENTRATION OF VIP INDUCES THE NUCLEAR TRANSLOCATION OF PROTEIN KINASE C IN NEONATAL RAT CORTICAL ASTROCYTES

At subnanomolar concentrations, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) can act as an astroglial mitogen and as a secretagogue for neurotrophic substances released from glia (Brenneman et al.: J Neurosci Res 25:386–394, 1990). Here we report that treatment with subnanomolar (0.1 nM) VIP, that does not produce an increase in intracellular cAMP levels, induced the translocation of protein kinase C (PKC) from the cytoplasm to the nucleus in neonatal cortical astrocytes, as revealed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot analysis, and measurements of the enzyme activity. Western blot analysis of subcellular fractions, using PKC isotype-specific antisera, showed PKC alpha as well as the two novel PKC isotypes, delta and zeta immunoreactivities, whereas PKC beta or gamma immunoreactivities were not detected. PKC alpha was associated predominantly with the cytosolic compartment, while PKC delta was found in the plasma membrane and in nuclear fractions. In contrast, PKC zeta was distributed ubiquitously within the major subcellular fractions. Treatment of the cells with 0.1 nM VIP caused a marked increase in nuclear PKC alpha and, to a lesser extent, PKC delta and PKC zeta immunoreactivities. Western blot analysis showed that a low (1 nM) concentration of phorbol, 12-myristate, 13 acetate also caused the subcellular redistribution of PKC immunoreactivities from the cytoplasm to the nuclear fraction, similar to VIP treatment. Exposure of astrocytes to high concentrations (1 μM) of phorbol, 12-myristate, 13 acetate resulted in the down-regulation of PKC alpha and PKC delta, while distribution of PKC zeta immunoreactivities were only slightly altered. Measurements of Ca2+- and phospholipid-dependent PKC activities also showed a VIP-induced redistribution of PKC activity from the cytoplasmic to the nuclear fractions. These results suggest that PKC may be involved in the signal transduction process elicited by VIP binding to the high affinity VIP receptors present on cortical astrocytes. The observed changes in the nuclear localization of PKC alpha and PKC delta in response to subnanomolar VIP may play a role in mediating the cellular response(s) to this peptide during neurodevelopment. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.1
How Does Prayer Help Manage Emotions

Many individuals use prayer to manage negative emotions, but scholars know little about how prayer accomplishes this task. Using in-depth interview data from victims of intimate partner violence, I argue that prayer is an imaginary social support interaction that provides individuals with resources they use to perform individual emotion management strategies. In particular, interactions with God through prayer provide individuals (1) an other to whom one can express and vent anger; (2) positive reflected appraisals that help maintain self-esteem; (3) reinterpretive cognitions that make situations seem less threatening; (4) an other with whom one can interact to ‘‘zone out’’ negative emotion-inducing stimuli; and (5) an emotion management model to imitate. Most of these resources help individuals deal primarily with a particular type of emotion and have an appreciable influence on social action. The analysis presented suggests that scholars should investigate how interactions with imagined others help indi...
Effects of Word and Morpheme Familiarity on Reading of Derived Words.

The purpose of this study is to examine factors that influence students’ reading of derived words. Recent research suggests that the lexical quality of a derived word depends on the familiarity of the word, its morphemic constituents (i.e., base word and affixes), and the frequency with which the base word appears in other words (i.e., members of the same word family or family frequency). On the premise that better and more experienced readers have higher quality lexical representations, we explore the extent to which accuracy of reading derived words by 4th and 6th graders is related to measures of familiarity, including derived and base word frequencies, family size, average family frequency, and word length. The results of an exploratory factor analysis indicated that these measures formed two factors, one representing morphemic constitution and the second representing exposure to the word family; both factors accounted for significant variance in the students’ derived word reading. Comparisons of sets of derived words contrasted on familiarity properties showed that performance on derived words, overall, is better for 6th than 4th graders and for good than poor readers. On the measures of family frequency and family size, there were significant discrepancies between grade level and reading ability and frequency characteristics. These add support to the view that morphemic analysis and wide reading experience contribute to derived word reading.
Effects of Chlorine on Dopant Activation in a-Si:H

The incorporation of chlorine has a significant effect on the dark conductivity of doped and undoped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H). The dark conductivity of a-Si:H films deposited from dichlorosilane (SiCl2H2) and SiH4, and doped with diborane, increases by as much as a factor of 100 over the usual a-Si:H,B films deposited without SiCl2H2. The effect is observed at gas phase concentrations of diborane ranging from 0.006% to 0.5%, and for both DC and RF plasma depositions, although it is more noticeable for the DC discharge. An increase in dark conductivity is also observed in B doped a-Si,C:H films deposited with dichlorosilane, albeit coupled with a change in the Tauc gap. Chlorine reduces the conductivity of undoped and phosphorus doped a-Si:H films. Undoped a-Si:H films deposited from SiCl2H2 and SiH4 have a dark conductivity of ∼1·10−12 S.cm−1, which is an order of magnitude lower than films deposited from pure SiH4. We discuss several alternatives for the mechanism of chlorine enhanced or reduced dopant activation. We have made solar cells using chlorinated p-type a-SiC:H films as the p-layers.
An inexpensive method for collection of radioactive compounds from gas chromatographic effluents

A gas-liquid-radiochromatographic method for collection of sterols and related compounds is described. The method uses glass tubes filled with DC 200 on Florisil. Recovery efficiencies are approximately 90%. This procedure is compared with existing collection methods.
Dr. Sharp with his little knife : Therapeutic and punitive origins of eugenic vasectomy-Indiana, 1892-1921

En 1907, l'Inde devint le premier etat a promulguer une loi stipulant la sterilisation des hommes inaptes a reproduire
Functional Analysis of Human/Chicken Transferrin Receptor Chimeras Indicates that the Carboxy‐Terminal Region is Important for Ligand Binding

Chimeric human/chicken transferrin receptors have been constructed using the polymerase chain reaction. Different regions of the 671-residue external domain of the human transferrin receptor were replaced by the corresponding sequences from the chicken transferrin receptor. As chicken transferrin receptors do not bind human transferrin, functional analysis of such chimeric receptors provides an approach to define the ligand-binding site of the human transferrin receptor. Four of 16 chimeric human/chicken transferrin receptors expressed in chick embryo fibroblasts were efficiently transported to the plasma membrane and displayed on the cell surface. Studies of the four chimeric receptors indicated that binding of human transferrin was abolished if the carboxy terminal 192 amino acids of the human transferrin receptor (residues 569–760) were replaced with the corresponding region from the chicken transferrin receptor. Further, a chimeric receptor in which the carboxy-terminal 72 residues were derived from the chicken transferrin receptor exhibited a 16-fold decrease in binding affinity for human transferrin. In contrast, analysis of the other two chimeric receptors showed that 340 amino acids of the human transferrin receptor external domain more proximal to the transmembrane region (residues 151–490) could be replaced with the corresponding region from the chicken transferrin receptor without loss of high-affinity ligand binding. In contrast, two mAbs against the human transferrin receptor external domain, B3/25 and D65.3, that do not compete with transferrin binding, do not bind the chimeric transferrin receptors in which the membrane proximal part is replaced by chicken sequences, while they do bind the two other chimeric transferrin receptors with high affinity. These data indicate that sequence differences in the carboxy-terminal region of human and chicken transferrin receptor external domains are important for the species specificity of transferrin binding and imply that this portion of the human transferrin receptor is critical for ligand binding.
Matching code sequences utilizing context free quality measures

Abstract A method is described herein for discovering the optimal correspondence of a pair of code sequences under generalized quality measures. The limits of both this algorithm and that of Needleman and Wunsch are presented.
A Longitudinal Assessment of Sleep Timing, Circadian Phase, and Phase Angle of Entrainment across Human Adolescence

The aim of this descriptive analysis was to examine sleep timing, circadian phase, and phase angle of entrainment across adolescence in a longitudinal study design. Ninety-four adolescents participated; 38 (21 boys) were 9–10 years (“younger cohort”) and 56 (30 boys) were 15–16 years (“older cohort”) at the baseline assessment. Participants completed a baseline and then follow-up assessments approximately every six months for 2.5 years. At each assessment, participants wore a wrist actigraph for at least one week at home to measure self-selected sleep timing before salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO) phase – a marker of the circadian timing system – was measured in the laboratory. Weekday and weekend sleep onset and offset and weekend-weekday differences were derived from actigraphy. Phase angles were the time durations from DLMO to weekday sleep onset and offset times. Each cohort showed later sleep onset (weekend and weekday), later weekend sleep offset, and later DLMO with age. Weekday sleep offset shifted earlier with age in the younger cohort and later in the older cohort after age 17. Weekend-weekday sleep offset differences increased with age in the younger cohort and decreased in the older cohort after age 17. DLMO to sleep offset phase angle narrowed with age in the younger cohort and became broader in the older cohort. The older cohort had a wider sleep onset phase angle compared to the younger cohort; however, an age-related phase angle increase was seen in the younger cohort only. Individual differences were seen in these developmental trajectories. This descriptive study indicated that circadian phase and self-selected sleep delayed across adolescence, though school-day sleep offset advanced until no longer in high school, whereupon offset was later. Phase angle changes are described as an interaction of developmental changes in sleep regulation interacting with psychosocial factors (e.g., bedtime autonomy).
An investigation into the PNGV battery model with the addition of a dynamic temperature range

The Partnership for Next Generation-Vehicles Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC) battery model was used to develop a base-line estimation. Within the HPPC is a method to establish an estimated open circuit voltage (VOC) from a linear calculation of internal resistances and currents. The flexibility of the parameterization was tested over a changing temperature range. Algorithms were developed that predict the VOC and state of charge (SOC) based on the battery's temperature, current draw, terminal voltage, and sampling time step; therefore, increasing the accuracy of the battery parameterization estimator (BPE). Three production vehicles with lithium based battery chemistries were used in the study. A least square method is used as in the PNGV battery model to determine initial parameters; an improvement was shown over this base-line by using a non-linear algorithm. The estimates from both algorithms were compared to the measured data as verification.
Children's and Adults' Neural Bases of Verbal and Nonverbal 'Theory of Mind'

Theory of mind (ToM) - our ability to predict behaviors of others in terms of their underlying intentions - has been examined through verbal and nonverbal false-belief (FB) tasks. Previous brain imaging studies of ToM in adults have implicated medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) for adults' ToM ability. To examine age and modality related differences and similarities in neural correlates of ToM, we tested 16 adults (18-40 years old) and 12 children (8-12 years old) with verbal (story) and nonverbal (cartoon) FB tasks, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Both age groups showed significant activity in the TPJ bilaterally and right inferior parietal lobule (IPL) in a modality-independent manner, indicating that these areas are important for ToM during both adulthood and childhood, regardless of modality. We also found significant age-related differences in the ToM condition-specific activity for the story and cartoon tasks in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and left TPJ. These results suggest that depending on the modality adults may utilize different brain regions from children in understanding ToM.
In Situ Ellipsometric Studies of Palladium Silicide Formation

We have studied the formation of palladium suicide on clean silicon surfaces using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Pd films of thicknesses from 5 to 50 A were studied both as deposited and after annealing to complete the reaction to Pd2Si. The measured dielectric function spectra were analyzed to determine the amounts of Pd2Si and unreacted Pd. Evidence of Pd-Si solid state reaction was detected after all depositions. In the as-deposited films the fraction of suicide increased with the thickness, up to about 40% for the thickest films (50 A Pd), while the annealed films were completely reacted. These results are consistent with earlier Raman spectroscopy studies.
Improving confidence in network simulations

Simulation has become the tool of choice for an increasing number of networking researchers. Unfortunately, standard statistical techniques often cannot be applied when Internet-like heavy-tailed workloads are used as input. We present issues involved in using heavy-tailed distributions in network simulations, including three different methods for dealing with such distributions in simulation. We also discuss the proper use of the random number generator implemented in the ns-2 simulator and the impacts of improper usage.
Flame temperature and location measurements of sooting premixed Bunsen flames by rainbow schlieren deflectometry

Rainbow schlieren deflectometry (RSD) provides a simple and nonintrusive way of determining the temperature field of axisymmetric flames. This technique is specially suited for the detection of large temperature gradients, such as those near the flame location. We explore the feasibility and accuracy of using RSD to obtain the flame location and thermal structure of premixed Bunsen flames for varying fuel types, equivalence ratios, and soot loadings. Uncertainty analysis is also carried out to provide various ways to reduce RSD experimental error. The RSD technique is demonstrated to give useful data even for moderately and heavily sooting flames.
The Three Golden Balls of the Pawnbrokers

The accompanying picture of a pawnbroker's shop and sign was taken in Boston in 1946. The sign of the three balls is a common sight in the poorer sections of many American cities, and its meaning is always the same: the balls signify that within the shop loans may be obtained on the pledge of personal property. This type of loan is centuries old: it existed in ancient Greece at the time of Pericles and in ancient Rome at the time of Augustus. Professional money-lenders, either Jews or Lombards, reappeared in the Middle Ages, and their activities elicited the opposition of the Church and the hatred of the populace. Attempts to get rid of the Jewish or Lombard pawnbrokers were repeatedly made, but the result was always the same: the need of consumers for credit accommodation was so great that the money-lenders were usually recalled after a short while.
Receiver-based rate-distortion optimized interactive streaming for scalable bitstreams of light fields

The paper proposes a receiver-based rate-distortion optimized framework to stream interactively scalable bitstreams of light fields. Based on the desired viewpoints, the predicted future buffer state, the network characteristics, and the target transmission rate, the receiver customizes the data request in order to minimize the distortion in the frames to be rendered. Experimental results show that the proposed framework improves the rendering quality by 1.0-2.8 dB over a heuristic scheme at the same rate. Correspondingly, to achieve the same rendering quality the proposed framework reduces 25-35% of the rate over the heuristic scheme.
SillyTone Squish Factory

This paper describes the SillyTone Squish Factory, a haptically engaging musical interface. It contains the motivation behind the device's development, a description of the interface, various mappings of the interface to musical applications, details of its construction, and the requirements to demo the interface.
Reflections on Catholic education in the USA: a dialogue across generations from the 1950s to the 2000s

This study sought to construct rich accounts of the remembrances of Catholic grade school and high school graduates in the USA related to their school experiences and the continuing impacts of these experiences on their lives. Ten former students (comprised of five males and five females) who graduated from Catholic schools in the 1950s, 1960s, 1970s, 1980s and early 2000s were purposely selected using criterion sampling in order to gain an understanding of their perceptions and experiences as well as to compare and contrast these perceptions and experiences across decades and generations. Although not strictly based on a phenomenological approach, this study did try to elicit the lived experiences of these graduates in order to identify compelling concepts and themes.
Investigation of institutional differences in primary cesarean birth rates.

Abstract Differences in primary cesarean birth rates between a maternity center staffed by certified nurse-midwives (CNM) with physician backup on the premises and a university teaching hospital staffed by resident and attending physicians were studied. The study sample included 796 and 804 women, similar in demographics, who received their prenatal and intrapartum care in the respective sites in 1977 and 1978. Study results indicate a significantly lower rate of primary cesarean birth at the maternity center than at the university hospital that was independent of institutional differences in the indications for abdominal delivery. Although cesarean birth was related to contracted pelvis (at labor), fetal representation, and placental bleeding at both institutions, it was significantly associated with preeclampsia, primiparity, fetal distress, and maternal age only at the university hospital. There were no noteworthy differences in pregnancy outcomes for women delivered vaginally or by cesarean, except for more newborns with low Apgar scores among primary cesarean births at the university hospital. A likely explanation for these findings is differing labor and delivery management styles between the providers of care at the two institutions.
Introduction to Computer Security, by M. T. Goodrich and R. Tamassia

© Adolfo S. CoronadoIntroduction to Computer Security, as the name denotes, is a book with introductory topics in computer security. The authors aim to provide this introduction from an applied vie...
An importance sampling application: 179 bus WSCC system under voltage based hidden failures and relay misoperations

Recent studies have shown that power system protection mechanisms have played a major role in propagating disturbances. Out of the last five major Western Systems Coordinating Council (WSCC) events in the USA (the North Ridge earthquake, December 14th 1994, July 2nd and 3rd 1996, and August 10th 1996), the latter three involved false trips with line protection relays and generators. Using an importance sampling-based algorithm on the 179 bus WSCC equivalent system, the authors modeled the sequence of rare events under generator trips and zone three relay misoperations. The resulting sequence of rare events and its corresponding probability are used to detect weak links in the power system.
Contemporary Review of Rhinoplasty

We conducted a contemporary review covering advances and trends in primary and functional rhinoplasty as published during the past decade. Specifically, we reviewed studies supporting the evidence for functional rhinoplasty, nasal valve surgery, and septal reconstruction. In addition, key articles discussing cephalic malpositioning of the lower lateral cartilages and tip contouring are reviewed. We also report studies involving lateral osteotomy techniques, computer imaging, and the use of homologous, alloplastic, and absorbable implants. When appropriate, we review outcomes data from key studies because these data are becoming increasingly important for evidence-based medicine, physician grading, and procedure reimbursement. Using evidence-based approaches whenever possible will help to ensure predictable patient outcomes.
Tumor-Stromal Interactions in Bone Metastasis

The metastasis of tumor cells to distant organs is the primary cause of cancer-related mortality in most cancers. The interaction of tumor cells with local stroma at the metastatic site plays a critical role in metastatic dissemination and the establishment of metastases. These tumor-stromal interactions regulate several important steps including degradation of extracellular matrix, release of sequestered growth factors, and expression of chemokines, cytokines, and receptors on tumor cells and the interacting stromal cells. Breast, prostate, and lung cancers preferentially metastasize to bone. Tumor cell interactions with the bone microenvironment initiate a series of complex cellular interactions that promotes establishment of osteoclastic and/or osteoblastic metastasis. Understanding the interactions between tumor cells and the stroma is important to identify molecular targets to develop novel therapies aimed at reducing metastasis formation. In this article, we review the important mechanisms of tumor-stromal interaction in the development of bone metastasis.
18 Novel radiation modifiers

The clinical approaches toward radiosensitization have utilized a number of different concepts including hypoxic cell sensitization, halopyrimidine-based radiosensitization and the use of combined modality therapy with chemotherapy plus irradiation. There are currently a new set of agents undergoing clinical trials called radiation enhancers or hypoxic-cytotoxic agents. These agents are designed to kill poorly perfused cells, which might limit the success of both radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Unlike the hypoxic sensitizers or oxygen modifiers, these agents can produce sensitization when given either before or after radiation. Based on the emerging knowledge of the cellular and molecular responses to ionizing radiation, novel agents are being conceptualized that may alter both tumor and normal tissue response. Supported in part by CA 42391, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD.
Simultaneous synthesis of mass‐exchange and regeneration networks

A systematic procedure is developed for the simultaneous synthesis of primary transfer mass-exchange networks and their associated mass-exchange regeneration networks. The purpose of the primary transfer network is to preferentially transfer certain species from a set of rich streams to a set of lean streams. The regeneration network aims at regenerating any recyclable lean stream. The proposed procedure deals with the problem in two stages. In the first stage, a mixed-integer nonlinear program is solved to minimize the cost of mass-separating and regenerating agents. The solution of this program provides the location of the pinch points as well as the optimal flow rates of all the lean and the regenerative streams without any prior commitment to the network structure. In the second stage, a mixed-integer linear program is solved to minimize the number of exchangers in both networks. An example problem with industrial relevance is solved to elucidate the merits offered by the devised synthesis procedure.
Gene expression profiling of MYC-driven tumor signatures in porcine liver stem cells by transcriptome sequencing

Gene expression profiling of MYC-driven tumor signatures in porcine liver stem cells by transcriptome sequencing
Measurement of oxygen production by in vitro human and animal lenses with an oxygen electrode

PURPOSE. This paper describes an advantageous method of measuring the activity of the enzyme catalase, which has an important antioxidative role in the lens. This method allows the measurement of catalase in whole lenses. METHODS. Exposure to UVA (99% UV-A) radiation was used to stress animal and human (Eye Bank) lenses in vitro. The ability of lens catalase to convert H 2 O 2 into O 2 was measured directly, using an oxygen electrode and meter. This method is very specific, as catalase is the only enzyme that converts H 2 O 2 to O 2. RESULTS. Catalase in the lenses of humans, rabbits, and squirrels catalyzed the production of O 2 from H 2 O 2 very efficiently. The anterior equatorial regions of these lenses were the most active O 2 producing areas. More than 95% of lens catalase activity was found in the capsule-epithelium layer. Exposure to UVA radiation, up to ~100 J/cm 2 in 18 h, strongly inhibited O 2 production from 0.77 mM H 2 O 2 by the lenses. Catalase activity decreased with increasing age. Mixed...
The Storyteller in Rawlings's A MOTHER IN MANNVILLE

In telling the story of an orphan named Jerry, Marjorie Rawlings in “A Mother in Mannville” focuses on the art of storytelling. She uses a narrator who is a professional writer, and who chooses to ...
The National Hormone and Pituitary Program

Following the discovery of human growth hormone (hGH) in 1956 and proof of its effectiveness as a therapeutic agent for hypopituitarism in 1958, there developed an urgent need to obtain human pituitary glands at autopsy. Individual parents sought liaison with cooperating pathologists. Investigators tried to establish their own collection programs to meet the needs of their patients. By the early 1960s, it became evident that there was urgent need for a single national program which would organize the collection of all human pituitaries, arrange for the extraction and purification of hGH, and then distribute this to individual programs throughout the United States.
Stearidonic acid as a 'pro-eicosapentaenoic acid'.

Purpose of reviewω-3 Fatty acids continue to be promoted as cardioprotective, generating an increased demand for these nutrients. Ocean-based supplies are limited, and so land-based sources are being sought. Stearidonic acid-fortified soybean oil may help to meet this demand.Recent findingsStearidon
PHOTOGRAMMETRIC MONITORING OF DOLOS STABILITY, MANASQUAN INLET, NEW JERSEY

Photogrammetry has been applied as a technique to monitor the stability of dolosse on the Manasquan Inlet, New Jersey jetties. These jetties were rehabilitated between 1979 and 1982 with 16-ton steel-reinforced dolosse. The jetties have been exposed to a number of storms since 1982, including a design-level storm in March 1984. The photogrammetric measurements have provided a detailed record of the magnitude and direction of dolos movements in response to these storm events. Standard leveling techniques have been used to check the accuracy of the elevation data derived from photogrammetry. This paper describes the methods used in this monitoring effort and the results obtained from the photogrammetric measurements. Also presented are data on the structural integrity of the steelreinforced dolosse.
Rapid batch determination of urine plumbum by direct dilution-GFAAS

Objective To develop a rapid method for determination of urine plumbum by GFAAS and standard addition calibration.Methods Urine sample(0.20 ml) was diluted 5 times with 1 ml / L nitrate and 0.1 g / L TritonX-100,and directly determined by GFAAS,with PdCl 2 as matrix modifier,peak area for quantification and standard addition calibration.Results The significant linear relation between absorbance and Lead level was 0 μg / L ~ 80.0 μg / L,the correlation coefficient was 0.9995,the lowest detection limit was 1.0 μg / L,the RSD of parallel double sample was 3.4% ~ 6.2%,the recovery of standard addition was 95% ~ 102%.The method was successfully applied to determine Certified Reference Materials such as GBW09104f /09105f,and the results were in good agreement with the certified values.Conclusion The measurement is characterized by high accuracy and precision,a high degree of automation,so the method is good for determination of urine plumbum rapidly in batch.
Detection of antibody against high pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus in occupational exposed population in Shanxi

Objective To learn the current status of H5N1 infection in the population of occupationally exposed to the virus in Shanxi,and to address the relationship between the occupational exposure and virus infection.Methods A total of 207 workers were investigated.Serum antibody against H5N1 was detected using Single Radial Hemolytic Technique(SRH) method.Results The majority of occupational population exposed to H5N1 virus was young adult.Workers involved in processing(44.93%),feeding and cleaning(21.74%) plus capturing(15.94%) were more likely to get infected,although 91.89% participants have indeed taken protective measures after dealing with sick or dead birds.Our study also showed that the overall infection rate in this population was 0.97%,with no significant difference between the two counties with /without H1N1epidemic(χ2=0.000,P=0.995).Conclusions There is a possibility of latent infection among people who occupationally exposed to H5N1 virus.Also this study suggested that,strict surveillance and management are necessary in all the areas regardless their epidemic status.
Constructive visual imagery and perception

A computer implementation of the constructive theory of visual form perception and Imagery is described. An Illustrative example of the system In action and a discussion of Its correspondence to human behavior are presented. Extensions to the Implementation are discussed. Aspects of the model are presented as being relevant to machine vision research.
The Pancreatic Islets

Publisher Summary The pancreatic islets, collectively, make up only 1–2% of the pancreatic mass. Histologically, the islets consist of three major cell types: beta cells, which synthesize and secrete insulin; alpha cells, which are the source of glucagon; and delta cells, which produce somatostatin. The principal pancreatic hormones are insulin and glucagon. This chapter describes the biosynthesis, secretion, metabolism, and physiological actions of two pancreatic hormones; glucagon and insulin. The opposing effects of insulin and glucagon on the liver regulate the hepatic storage, production, and release of energy-rich fuels. Interplay of these two hormones contributes to constancy in the availability of metabolic fuels to all cells. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that promotes sequestration of carbohydrate, fat, and protein in storage depots throughout the body, and exerts its powerful actions principally on skeletal muscle, liver, and adipose tissue. The effects of glucagon are restricted to the liver, which responds by forming, and secreting energy-rich water-soluble fuels. The concentration of glucose in blood is the most important determinant of secretion of glucagon and insulin in normal individuals. Insulin reduces the outflow of glucose from the liver and promotes its storage as glycogen. It inhibits glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis, ureogenesis, and ketogenesis; and it stimulates the synthesis of fatty acids, and proteins. The major physiological effects of insulin deficiency include hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polydipsia, and weight loss.
Ethical and Organizational Issues in Adopting a Pediatric Protocol for Controlled Donation After Circulatory Determination of Death

Despite two decades of ethical and clinical debate, controlled donation after circulatory determination of death (cDCDD) remains a controversial practice, especially in pediatrics. While debates continue both nationally and internationally, it can be challenging for pediatric hospitals to build agreement on a cDCDD policy among their own constituents. After briefly reviewing the state of the larger debates, this chapter describes organizational steps involved in developing a cDCDD policy for one deeply divided pediatric hospital community. Tracing the experience of a large, tertiary-care teaching hospital and transplant center, the chapter reports the work of a multidisciplinary task force that developed an empirical evidence base and an ethical “constitution” for a cDCDD program, as well as a protocol for pediatric cDCDD. The chapter highlights a number of philosophical and practical issues considered in this process, including questions about the compatibility of a cDCDD program with the overall mission of the hospital. Also described are organizational measures aimed at forging a transparent, legitimate policy in a context of partial stakeholder agreement and persistent controversy.
‘You can’t see for lookin’’: how southern womanism informs perspectives of work and curriculum theory

ABSTRACTSouthern womanism is the theory that evokes a self-reflexive process to challenge scholars, teachers, and activists to reconceptualise the agency of ‘workers.’ Southern womanism claims that theoretical knowledge resides within the histories of southern Black women workers which developed as they transitioned from enslavement to domestic work to birthing a generation of African ascendant scholars and artists. Within their work is the theoretical possibility of exploring these women as agential subjects whose intellectual history is found in the intersections of region, regional identity, race, gender, sexuality, nature, art, food, and spirituality.
The properties of germanium-tin alloys for infrared device applications

Germanium-tin alloys are attracting renewed interest for applications including the strain control of CMOS active channels in integrated circuits, and mid-infrared optical devices for medical imaging, chemical spectroscopy, and military counter-measures. With sufficient Sn content above about 10 %, there is the particularly interesting possibility of an energy bandgap that is direct in reciprocal space, which may lead to efficient light emitters and detectors.
Pediatric Rehabilitation Psychology

Working with children in medical rehabilitation requires consideration of important elements to facilitate optimal outcomes. Rehabilitation management of children involves identifying the child’s physical and mental functional capabilities. An interdisciplinary team then selects interventions that are appropriate over the course of the disability/problem with consideration of the child’s developmental age and continuum of care across professionals. Sometimes approaches should be modified for children who are born with a disability (“congenital”) and for those who acquire it and can recall “before” and “now.” Some general concepts applicable for those working in pediatric rehabilitation are described in this chapter.
Demographic stimulation of the obligate understorey herb, Panax quinquefolius L., in response to natural forest canopy disturbances

Summary Natural and anthropogenic forest canopy disturbances significantly alter forest dynamics and lead to multi-dimensional shifts in the forest understorey. An understorey plant's ability to exploit alterations to the light environment caused by canopy disturbance leads to changes in population dynamics. The purpose of this work was to determine if population growth of a species adapted to low light increases in response to additional light inputs caused by canopy disturbance, or alternatively, declines due to long-term selection under low light conditions. To address this question, we quantified the demographic response of an understorey herb to three contrasting forest canopy disturbances (ice storms, tent caterpillar defoliation and lightning strikes) that encompass a broad range of disturbance severity. We used a model shade-adapted understorey species, Panax quinquefolius, to parameterize stage-based matrix models. Asymptotic growth rates, stochastic growth rates and simulations of transient dynamics were used to quantify the population-level response to canopy disturbance. Life table response experiments were used to partition the underlying controls over differences in population growth rates. Population growth rates at all three disturbed sites increased in the transition period immediately after the canopy disturbance relative to the transition period prior to disturbance. Stochastic population models revealed that growth rates increased significantly in simulations that included disturbance matrices relative to those simulations that excluded disturbance. Additionally, transient models indicated that population size (n) was larger for all three populations when the respective disturbance matrix was included in the model. Synthesis. Obligate shade species are most likely to be pre-adapted to take advantage of canopy gaps and light influx to a degree, and this pre-adaptation may be due to long-term selection under dynamic old growth forest canopies. We propose a model whereby population performance is represented by a parabolic curve where performance is maximized under intermediate levels of canopy disturbance. This study provides new evidence to aid our understanding of the population-level response of understorey herbs to disturbances whose frequency and intensity are predicted to increase as global climates continue to shift.
Effect of ligand exchange on the photoresponsivity of near-infrared sensors based on PbSe nanocrystals

The effect of ligand exchange was investigated on the optical and electrical characteristics of near-infrared sensors fabricated from PbSe nanocrystals. Different ligands such as oleic acid, ethanedithiol, and mercaptoacetic acid were used to cap the nanocrystals. The bandgap of the PbSe nanocrystals was measured using the optical absorption and tuned into the near-infrared region by controlling the growth time. The electrical properties of the sensors fabricated from the PbSe nanocrystals treated with different ligands were extracted by measuring the current-voltage characteristics. Furthermore, the optical properties of the different sensors were found by measuring the spectral response of each sensor.
Efficacy of formative evaluation using a focus group for a large classroom setting in an accelerated pharmacy program.

Abstract Background and purpose Formative evaluation is a process utilized to improve communication between students and faculty. This evaluation method allows the ability to address pertinent issues in a timely manner; however, implementation of formative evaluation can be a challenge, especially in a large classroom setting. Using mediated formative evaluation, the purpose of this study is to determine if a student based focus group is a viable option to improve efficacy of communication between an instructor and students as well as time management in a large classroom setting. Educational activity and setting Out of 140 total students, six students were selected to form a focus group – one from each of six total sections of the classroom. Each focus group representative was responsible for collecting all the questions from students of their corresponding sections and submitting them to the instructor two to three times a day. Responses from the instructor were either passed back to pertinent students by the focus group representatives or addressed directly with students by the instructor. This study was conducted using a fifteen-question survey after the focus group model was utilized for one month. A printed copy of the survey was distributed in the class by student investigators. Questions were of varying types, including Likert scale, yes/no, and open-ended response. Findings One hundred forty surveys were administered, and 90 complete responses were collected. Surveys showed that 93.3% of students found that use of the focus group made them more likely to ask questions for understanding. The surveys also showed 95.5% of students found utilizing the focus group for questions allowed for better understanding of difficult concepts. General open-ended answer portions of the survey showed that most students found the focus group allowed them to ask questions more easily since they did not feel intimidated by asking in front of the whole class. No correlation was found between demographic characteristics and survey responses. This may demonstrate that students in similar large classroom settings may respond in a similar fashion. Discussion and summary An overwhelmingly positive result suggests focus groups may be a valuable addition to communication routes currently employed in classrooms. The focus group offers an alternate pathway to improve student understanding in larger lecture classroom environments and may encourage more students to seek answers to questions in a timely manner without breaking classroom flow.