cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Defects in G Protein-Coupled Signal Transduction in Human Disease

G proteins couple receptors for many hormones and neurotransmitters to effectors that regulate second messenger metabolism. G protein-coupled receptors comprise a superfamily with the common structural feature of a single polypeptide with seven membrane-spanning domains. G proteins themselves are heterotrimers with an alpha subunit that binds guanine nucleotides. In the basal state, G proteins tightly bind GDP; receptor activation allows exchange of bound GDP for GTP that activates the G protein and causes it to modulate effector activity. An intrinsic GTPase activity hydrolyzes bound GTP to GDP thereby deactivating the G protein. The effects (cholera, whooping cough) of bacterial toxins that target G proteins for covalent modification signal the potential importance of G protein dysfunction as a cause of human disease. Conceptually, G protein dysfunction could involve gain or loss of function. For Gs, examples of both types have already been defined. Mutations in G protein-coupled receptors have also been identified in several human diseases. Germline loss of function mutations in rhodopsin, cone opsins, the V2 vasopressin receptor, ACTH receptor, and calcium-sensing receptor are responsible for retinitis pigmentosa, color blindness, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, familial ACTH resistance, and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia, respectively. Missense mutations that cause constitutive receptor activation have been identified in the TSH and LH receptors.
Monophasic synovial sarcoma of the liver.

Abstract We report a hepatic monophasic synovial sarcoma in a 60-year-old woman who presented with right upper quadrant pain subsequent to an intrahepatic bleed from a highly vascular tumor mass. Imaging studies showed a dominant tumor mass in the right hepatic lobe with multiple satellite nodules. A detailed physical examination and radiologic workup failed to reveal a primary tumor elsewhere. A right partial hepatectomy was performed with a preoperative differential diagnosis of angiosarcoma versus hepatocellular carcinoma. The morphologic, immunophenotypic, and cytogenetic findings (t(X;18)(p11.2;icq11.2)) were consistent with a monophasic synovial sarcoma. Postoperative clinical evaluation of the extremities and a positron emission tomographic scan performed 4 weeks after surgery showed no evidence of recurrent or metastatic disease. The patient was started on an aggressive 4-drug chemotherapy regimen, but died 3 months thereafter from widespread metastatic disease. No autopsy was performed. The prese...
New goals for the U.S. Human Genome Project: 1998-2003.

The Human Genome Project has successfully completed all the major goals in its current 5-year plan, covering the period 1993–98. A new plan, for 1998–2003, is presented, in which human DNA sequencing will be the major emphasis. An ambitious schedule has been set to complete the full sequence by the end of 2003, 2 years ahead of previous projections. In the course of completing the sequence, a “working draft” of the human sequence will be produced by the end of 2001. The plan also includes goals for sequencing technology development; for studying human genome sequence variation; for developing technology for functional genomics; for completing the sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and starting the mouse genome; for studying the ethical, legal, and social implications of genome research; for bioinformatics and computational studies; and for training of genome scientists.
The Ito Integral

In this chapter we come to one of the main tools in the theory of stochastic differential systems - the stochastic integral named after its inventor K. Ito. The development we follow is that of Doob [2], After discussing what is perhaps its main feature that distinguishes it from ‘ordinary’ integrals, we show how it can be used to obtain a ‘closed-form’ expression for the Radon-Nikodym derivatives. What is more, it enables us to obtain closed forms even in cases where the approach of Chapter IV fails ((4.2a) is not valid).
Differences in the Surgical Treatment of Lower Back Pain Among Spine Surgeons in the United States.

Study design Electronic survey. Objective To identify the surgical treatment patterns for low back pain (LBP), among U.S. spine surgeons. Specifically determine (1) differences in surgical treatment responses based on various demographic variables; (2) probability of disagreement based on surgeon subgroups. Summary of background data Multiple surgical and nonsurgical treatments exist for LBP. Without strong evidence or clear guidelines for the indications and optimal treatments, there is substantial variability in surgical treatments used. Methods A total of 445 U.S. spine surgeons completed a survey of clinical and radiographic case scenarios on patients with mechanical LBP, no leg pain, and concordant discograms. Surgical treatment options included no surgery, anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), posterolateral fusion with pedicle screws, transforaminal/posterior lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF/PLIF), etc. Statistical significance was set at 0.01 to account for multiple comparisons. Results There was substantial clinical equipoise (∼75% disagreement) among surgeons on the approach to treat patients with LBP. Disagreement was highest in the southwest and lowest in the Midwest (82% vs. 69%, respectively); there was significantly lower disagreement among those in academic practices versus those in private/hybrid practices (56% vs.79%, respectively). Those in academic practices had approximately four times greater odds of choosing no surgery as compared to those in hybrid and private practices, who were more likely to choose ALIF or PLIF/TLIF. Those with fellowship training had approximately two times greater odds of selecting no surgery and four times greater odds of selecting ALIF as compared to those without fellowship training who were more likely to select TLIF/PLIF. Conclusion Significant differences exist among U.S. spine surgeons in the treatment of LBP. These differences stem from geographical location of the practice, specialty, practice type, and fellowship training. Recognizing the substantial variability underlies the importance of additional studies aimed at identifying the proper indications and most cost-effective treatments for LBP. Level of evidence 3.
A microvascular-myocardial diastolic dysfunctional state and risk for mental stress ischemia: a revised concept of ischemia during daily life.

To improve our understanding of pathophysiological responses to stress in “triggering” adverse events, stressors have been used in the laboratory to evoke “mental stress–induced ischemia” (MSIMI). Our studies found that patients with MSIMI had increased risk for death [(1)][1], and their
Computer–aided simulation of kinematical errors and bearing contact for vehicle gears, and their adjustment to errors of manufacturing and assembly

A new approach for the computer–aided simulation of conditions of meshing and bearing contact of gear tooth surfaces is proposed. Using the developed computer programs, we may determine: (a) the kinematical errors, (b) the dimension and orientation of the instantaneous contacting ellipse, and its motion over the gear tooth surfaces and (c) the influence of errors of manufacturing and assembly, and the adjustment of gears to these errors. The proposed methods have been applied for spiral bevel gears and helical gears with circular arc teeth. We consider that the teeth of the gear and the pinion are generated by two different generating tool surfaces and this provides a localized bearing contact for the gear tooth surfaces.
Magnetic nematicity: A debated origin.

Different experimental studies based on nuclear magnetic resonance and inelastic neutron scattering reach opposing conclusions regarding the origin of magnetic nematicity in iron chalcogenides.
Significant blockade of multiple receptor tyrosine kinases by MGCD516 (Sitravatinib), a novel small molecule inhibitor, shows potent anti-tumor activity in preclinical models of sarcoma

Sarcomas are rare but highly aggressive mesenchymal tumors with a median survival of 10-18 months for metastatic disease. Mutation and/or overexpression of many receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) including c-Met, PDGFR, c-Kit and IGF1-R drive defective signaling pathways in sarcomas. MGCD516 (Sitravatinib) is a novel small molecule inhibitor targeting multiple RTKs involved in driving sarcoma cell growth. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of MGCD516 both in vitro and in mouse xenograft models in vivo. MGCD516 treatment resulted in significant blockade of phosphorylation of potential driver RTKs and induced potent anti-proliferative effects in vitro. Furthermore, MGCD516 treatment of tumor xenografts in vivo resulted in significant suppression of tumor growth. Efficacy of MGCD516 was superior to imatinib and crizotinib, two other well-studied multi-kinase inhibitors with overlapping target specificities, both in vitro and in vivo. This is the first report describing MGCD516 as a potent multi-kinase inhibitor in different models of sarcoma, superior to imatinib and crizotinib. Results from this study showing blockade of multiple driver signaling pathways provides a rationale for further clinical development of MGCD516 for the treatment of patients with soft-tissue sarcoma.
Retention of teeth versus extraction and implant placement: Treatment preferences of dental faculty and dental students

The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment preferences amongst dental faculty and dental students for either retention of teeth by endodontic and restorative treatment or extraction and implant placement. A survey of 134 general dentistry faculty and 253 senior (fourth-year) dental students was conducted in a university college of dentistry. Participants completed a survey consisting of questions for which one of two choices could be selected. For questions describing specific clinical situations, dental faculty and dental students more frequently selected endodontic and restorative treatment over extraction and implant placement. However, dental students selected implants more frequently than dental faculty, and more recent graduates on the dental faculty selected implants more frequently than less recent graduates on the dental faculty. In addition, there was an increase in the selection of implants, for all participant groups, as the prosthetic and endodontic complexities of the clinical situations increased. Participants were more likely to select endodontics rather than implants for medically compromised patients, and an implant was overwhelmingly selected over a fixed bridge for the replacement of a single tooth unit. In conclusion, the findings of this study indicate that retention of teeth is preferred, but there may be an increased preference toward implants in the future.
Aeroelastic Modeling Using a Geometrically Nonlinear P-Version Mixed Reissner-Mindlin Plate Element

A geometrically nonlinear Mindlin plate element with p-refinement capability is developed for use in high fidelity aeroelastic simulations. The element is tested using linear benchmark tests and performs well. The ability of the element to predict large deflections is shown through comparison with a large strain, shell element. An aeroelastic code is developed by coupling this structural mechanics solver to a second order finite difference solution of the Euler equations. Particular attention is paid to developing the methodology for coupling the fluid and structural solvers. The aeroelastic behavior of a flexible 50 delta wing at high angle of attack is investigated with this aeroelastic solver. In one simulation, the angle of attack of the delta wing is increased from 0 to 25 degrees at a rate of 1 degree every non-dimensional time unit. In the second simulation, a fluid solution is computed at 25 after which the aeroelastic calculation is started. Previous experiments for this configuration showed increased structural dynamic response in the second asymmetric mode and an accompanying region of lift enhancement starting around an angle of attack of 25 degrees. While the two different aeroelastic computations demonstrated different aeroelastic behavior, perhaps indicating some sensitivity to initial conditions, neither predicted the increased dynamic behavior or lift enhancement which was reported for the experiment. The dominant response frequency of the wing in each case was near the first structural mode which has a frequency which is too low to initiate the flow reorganization. It has been shown in previous work that it is this flow reorganization which causes a vortex to reform which results in a region of suction and subsequent lift enhancement.
On Choosing a Guiding Theory for Treatment in a Pluralistic Psychoanalytic World: My Personal Journey

This article is a reflection on the evolution of my becoming a self psychologist–psychoanalyst and the personal and professional factors that may have been responsible for this choice. I indicate that life experiences, supervision of control cases, and one’s Weltanschaung deeply affect this choice even when one is not fully conscious of them. Included among the factors affecting the choice is one’s personal analysis. I describe two clinical vignettes to illustrate this point. In my search, I was primarily motivated to find a psychoanalytic theory that could improve the therapeutic impact on all forms of psychoanalytic treatment modalities: brief-focal, long-term psychotherapy, and psychoanalysis—treatment modalities, which, in my view, constitute a continuum.
Public Goods, Property Rights, and Political Organizations

This article explores the definition of public goods in order to highlight and examine the political issues central to public goods provision. The two defining properties of public goods, jointness in supply and nonexclusiveness, are discussed and shown to be logically interdependent. By distinguishing between nonexclusiveness and noncontrol over exclusion, the definition is recast to show the important role of property rights in public goods situations. Issues of optimality and fairness are discussed to clarify some of the confusion surrounding the problem of centralized provision. Finally, the concept of a quasi-public good (where exclusionary mechanisms are imposed on an erstwhile public good) is used to analyze the role of political organizations in public goods provision. The failure to deal adequately with public goods problems at the international level can be understood in terms of the weakness of political organizations at that level.
AEROELASTIC TAILORING OF ADVANCED COMPOSITE COMPRESSOR BLADES

An analytical investigation of aeroelastic tai loring concepts for compressor blades is presented. The study is based on a Rayleigh-Ritz formulation with five elastic degrees-of-freedom per blade, including a plate-type mode to account for chordwise bending. A linearized two-dimensional supersonic cascade theory is used to calculate the unsteady aerodynamic forces. The chordwise mode is highly unstable for low aspect ratio composite blades with little or no sweep of the laminate fibers. A moderate aft fiber sweep produces bending-torsion coupling which is stabilizing on the first torsion branch, but which is destabilizing on the first bending branch. Forward fiber sweep is generally destabilizing except on the chordwise branch. By using a crossed-ply laminate configuration, a highly unstable blade section is successfully stabilized up to a Mach number of
Optical probe for in-situ measurements of air-to-fuel ratio in low emission engines

AIAA, Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 34th, Reno, NV, Jan. 15-18, 1996 The lower temperatures associated with lean premixed combustion generally lead to lower NO(x) emissions; however, the NO(x) emissions also depend on how well the air and fuel are mixed. In this paper, we describe the development of an inexpensive fiber optic probe capable of measuring the extent of turbulent mixing. The fuel concentration is determined by laser absorption at 3.39 microns over a short path length created by infrared transmitting fiber optics. We use this probe to show that NO(x) formation depends significantly on the extent of fuel-air mixing as well as the overall stoichiometry. A hydrogen-piloted, CH4-in-air turbulent flame with a variable fuel injection location is used to vary the degree of mixedness at the burner exit. The level of mixing and the mean concentration profiles are also measured by using Planar Laser Initiated Rayleigh Scattering. We show that at lean conditions, incomplete mixing causes an increase in NO(x) production because of the unfavorable temperature dependence of NO(x) formation at Phi = 0.6. We also show that the optical probe is capable of measuring the extent of mixing of the fuel-air mixture. (Author)
Preparation of House Fly Chromosomes

Over the years the adult house fly, Musca domestica L., has shown itself to be an excellent experimental animal in various fields of entomological research. Since some research is of a cytological nature, a need exists for additional techniques for studying this insect. Recently, French et al. (1962) published a method for preparing chromosomes from the brains of mosquito larvae and from the ovaries and testes of mosquito pupae. Oster and Balaban (1963) published a method of preparing somatic chromosomes from the cerebral ganglion of Drosophila larvae and also demonstrated that this method would work on the cerebral ganglion of house fly larvae. By modifying these procedures we developed a technique that enabled us to obtain consistently good chromosome preparations from the gonads of adult male house flies.
Effect of Torrefaction on Bio-oil Upgrading over HZSM-5. Part 2: Byproduct Formation and Catalyst Properties and Function

A three-step bio-oil production process involving torrefaction pretreatment (225, 250, or 275 °C at 20 min hold time), pyrolysis (500 °C, two heating rates), and secondary catalytic processing over HZSM-5 (at 400, 450, or 500 °C) was studied to determine how treatments affected byproduct formation and catalyst properties and function. Torrefaction pretreatment significantly reduced average yields (%, w/w of feed) of reactor char (100% reduction), catalyst coke (21.4%), and catalyst tar (8.1%) relative to the best-case conditions using non-torrefied feedstock. The yields of chemical components, including levoglucosan, formic acid, acetic acid, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), were significantly reduced in intermediate fast-pyrolysis bio-oil (FPO) derived from torrefied feedstock, while for intermediate slow-pyrolysis bio-oil (SPO), yields of levoglucosan, acetic acid, and 5-HMF were reduced. However, in terms of concentration, only furfural showed a significant correlation with the torrefaction tempera...
MS-19LONG-TERM OUTCOMES FOR PATIENTS WITH INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS: A SINGLE-INSTITUTION RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS

While meningiomas represent the most common intracranial tumor, limited long-term outcome data are available. We analyzed clinical features and outcomes for all patients with intracranial meningiomas treated with radiotherapy at Duke University Medical Center between 1/1/1992 and 10/31/2013 by retrospective chart review. 237 patients were identified (median age 52; female:male 2:1); of these, 32 (14%) were diagnosed by imaging only. Median follow-up was 92 months (range 4-401) with follow-up >12 and 20 years for 88 and 22 patients, respectively. Histologic WHO grade distribution was 52% grade I, 15% grade II, 7% grade III, and 26% unknown. Patients received one or more of the following treatments: surgery (78%), stereotactic radiosurgery (26%), fractionated radiotherapy (84%), and/or systemic therapy (18%). Median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were 383 and 113 months, respectively. Median OS was 389 months for grade I, 383 months for unknown grade, not reached for grade II, and 120 months for grade III (p 5%) was associated with shorter OS (median 174 months versus 383 months for grade I/unknown grade with low or unknown proliferation index). The median PFS for grade I, II, and III was 113, 45 and 39 months, respectively (p < 0.0001). 50% of patients (117) were treated for recurrent or progressive disease. Median OS after first treatment for recurrence was 327 months for grade I, not reached for grade II, 80 months for grade III, and 117 months for unknown grade (p = 0.003). Given the prolonged survival, frequent recurrences well past initial treatment, and the apparent efficacy of salvage therapy, meningioma patients should be observed systematically long after diagnosis.
Molecular Mechanisms of Viral RNA Detection: RIG-I and MDA5

The ability to distinguish “self” from “non-self” is fundamental to proper functioning of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Several pattern recognition receptors (PRR) in the innate immune system are responsible for the initial detection of foreign molecules associated with pathogens such as bacterial cell wall components or viral nucleic acids. My laboratory has been interested in understanding the molecular mechanisms of one such family of receptors, RIG-I and MDA5, which recognize viral RNAs during infection and elicit the type I interferon response against a broad range of viruses. These receptors share the common domain architecture, including the DExD/H motif helicase domain. In this talk, I will present our recent discoveries on the structural and biochemical mechanisms by which these receptors differentially utilize the helicase domain to recognize their cognate viral RNAs and activate the signaling pathway.
Source identification from line integral measurements and simple atmospheric models

We consider the problem of estimating the sparse initial condition of a solution to the advection-diffusion equation based on line integrals of the solution at a later time. We propose models for locating a single and multiple point sources. We also propose algorithms for the efficient implementation of these models. In practice, the models are relevant also for reconstructing the solution of the PDE at the observation time from a very sparse Radon transform; in this case, our models improve on more standard Radon inversion techniques by utilizing the specialized information about how the observed function was generated.
Boiler chemical cleaning methods of quantitative evaluation

Combined with the chemical cleaning effect,analyzes the current assessment of qualitative and quantitative evaluation method,this paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of the corrosion rate and passivation membrane quality testing method,increased the passivation membrane quality and water vapor quality qualified time into two evaluation quality standard,more comprehensive gives boiler chemical cleaning effect quantitative evaluation index value.
Aggregation in the blogosphere

Students can make two kinds of contributions to a blogosphere; these are primary. As a blogger, each student produces an open journal, a monologue about the course content. As a discussant each student participates in a dialogue about the content of one or another post. As a secondary form of participation students can read in the blogosphere.
Further Studies Of Inhibitors Of In Vitro Mammalian Oocyte Maturation

Studies of luteinizing hormone (LH)-mediated serum inhibition and of follicular fluid and granulosa cell inhibition of in vitro porcine, ewe, and cow oocyte meiotic maturation have been carried out. A porcine serum inhibitor or inhibitors with a molecular weight above 15,000, similar to the ewe and cow serum inhibitor(s), have been demonstrated. An LH-inactivated inhibitor or inhibitors in fluid from medium-sized ewe and cow folllicles have been shown and a minimally effective porcine follicular fluid inhibitor has been confirmed. The estimated molecular weight of these inhibitors is below 1,000. Granulosa cells from the three species were not found to be dramatically inhibitory. It is postulated that the follicular fluid inhibitor(s) may be derived from the larger serum molecule(s) by an action of LH within an intermediate cell type.
The Failure of a Controlled Trial to Improve Depression Care: A Qualitative Study

Article-at-a-Glance Background The DIAMOND Project (Depression Is A MANageable Disorder), a nonrandomized controlled effectiveness trial, was intended to improve the long-term management of depression in primary care medical clinics. The project tested whether a quality improvement (QI) intervention could implement a systems approach–so that there would be more reliable and effective monitoring of patients with depression, leading to better outcomes. The qualitative study A study was conducted in 1998–2000 to determine why a quality improvement intervention to improve depression care did not have a significant impact. Data consisted of detailed notes from observations of 12 project-related events (for example, team meetings and presentations) and open-ended interviews with a purposive sampling of 17 key informants. Thematic analytic methods were used to identify themes in the contextual data. Principal findings Overall, the project implementation was very limited. Five themes emerged: (1) The project received only lukewarm support from clinic and medical group leadership. (2) Clinicians did not perceive an urgent need for the new care system, and therefore there was a lack of impetus to change. (3) The improvement initiative was perceived as too complex by the physicians. (4) There was an inherent disconnect between the commitment of the improvement team and the unresponsiveness of most other clinic staff. (5) The doctor focus in clinic culture created a catch-22 dilemma–the involvement and noninvolvement of physicians were both problematic. Conclusion Problems in both predisposing and enabling factors accounted for the ultimate failure of the DIAMOND quality improvement effort.
Vibrational response of a chemisorbed molecule to femtosecond substrate heating

Subpicosecond laser heating pulses provide unique environments for surface chemistry on metal surfaces. This type of effect has been recently demonstrated in femtosecond desorption experiments.1 In these experiments extremely high electronic temperatures (−4000 K) are produced which modify adsorbates in a manner which is impossible to achieve via a conventional thermal process. In this contribution, time resolved vibrational spectroscopy is used to monitor the response of molecularly adsorbed CO on Cu(111) following the excitation of the substrate by 300 fs visible light pulses.2 We find that a low frequency CO mode couples to substrate electrons and phonons, and that the representative coupling rates can be separately determined.2,3 Importantly, with increased excitation of the substrate, our measurements provide indication of stronger, temperature dependent couplings between the adsorbate vibrations and the substrate reservoirs.4
Evaluation of the Botulism Hazard from Vacuum-packaged Enoki Mushrooms ( Flammulina velutipes ).

Flammulina velutipes , commonly known as the enoki or winter mushroom, is cultured aseptically in Japan and the United States and is vacuum-packaged in polyethylene film for retail sale. Because of the known potential hazard of botulism from agaric mushrooms that are packaged in plastic films, the safety of vacuum-packaged enokis was evaluated. Botulinal toxin was not detected by mouse assay in 148 packages from 14 independent lots when a rich medium containing trypticase-peptone-glucose-yeast extract, was added aseptically to the packages which were heat-shocked (60 or 80°C for 20 min) and incubated at 30 or 37°C. Botulinal toxin was produced when spores were added to the packages, but spoilage was evident prior to toxin formation. Toxin was not formed when the inoculated packages were kept refrigerated (6°C). The results indicate that fresh vacuum-packaged enoki mushrooms do not present a botulism hazard when cultured aseptically and stored refrigerated.
Resilience Engineering: Models and Analysis

With an eye towards environmental sustainability, this book presents a step-by-step approach to formulating the resilience of civil infrastructure and energy systems. It provides a concise explanation of resilience terminology, a general overview of theoretical models and analyses, and a clear guide to practical applications, covering critical topics such as interdependent infrastructures and geologic carbon sequestration. Additionally, it contains a general introduction to selected data science topics, so readers can acquire the tools to formulate and analyze resilience engineering problems in depth. Informed by the author's extensive practical experience and thorough academic background, this book includes examples to illustrate key computational algorithms, end-of-chapter exercises and references, and an entire chapter devoted to case studies. Intended for practitioners of resilience engineering with a background in probability, this book offers a balanced blend of background, theory, and practical examples to address one of the most important emerging topics of modern times.
Investigation of common mode noise in electric propulsion system high voltage components in an electrified vehicle

Common mode (CM) and differential mode (DM) noises are two of the main considerations in designing high voltage (HV) components, particularly minimizing filter sizing, shielding structure of the cables, grounding layout for circuits and power stage components and finally orientation of magnetics and chokes. This paper will introduce CM noise and electromagnetic interference (EMI) related issues and design guidelines in designing power electronics for Traction Power Inverters. Power module baseplate and mechanical packaging, vehicle and cable shielding and routing of ground paths and their effects on CM noise and EMI together with bands of frequencies are discussed in this paper. Mechanical and packaging considerations are important to keep CM noise within specified limit and this will be shown with simulated and test results
The Jewish Diaspora in Ptolemaic and Roman Cyprus: Some Speculations

The presence of Jews on Cyprus during Ptolemaic and Roman rule, although attested by diverse historical sources, has not been convincingly identified archaeologically. However, the pottery style named Cypriot Sigillata A, may provide oblique evidence of the Jewish Diaspora on Cyprus, or at least its end. This paper will propose a causal relationship between two seemingly unrelated facts: the historically attested destruction of the Jewish Community 115–117 CE during the Diaspora Revolt; and, the sudden disappearance of Cypriot Sigillata A from the archaeological record by 150 CE. DOI:10.2458/azu_jaei_v10i1_davis
Clinical Trials Targeting Aging and Age-Related Multimorbidity

Background There is growing interest in identifying interventions that may increase health span by targeting biological processes underlying aging. The design of efficient and rigorous clinical trials to assess these interventions requires careful consideration of eligibility criteria, outcomes, sample size, and monitoring plans. Methods Experienced geriatrics researchers and clinical trialists collaborated to provide advice on clinical trial design. Results Outcomes based on the accumulation and incidence of age-related chronic diseases are attractive for clinical trials targeting aging. Accumulation and incidence rates of multimorbidity outcomes were developed by selecting at-risk subsets of individuals from three large cohort studies of older individuals. These provide representative benchmark data for decisions on eligibility, duration, and assessment protocols. Monitoring rules should be sensitive to targeting aging-related, rather than disease-specific, outcomes. Conclusions Clinical trials targeting aging are feasible, but require careful design consideration and monitoring rules.
Gender Differences in Nonverbal Flirtation

A naturalistic observation study of 70 couples indicated that women play a subtle yet major role in the initiation and maintenance of flirtation. Compared with men, women were more likely to gaze at their partners, exhibit positive facial expressions, briefly touch their partners, use grooming gestures, and display closed body postures. Men, in contrast, used more intimate touching than women. Gender-related differences in flirtation also varied over time; women deescalated the flirtation more in the beginning of the interaction, and men deescalated more later. Couples also did more continuous and intimate touching in a later as opposed to earlier stage of flirtation. These findings have practical implications for sex educators and therapists who are concerned with increasing students' and clients' understanding of how to achieve intimacy, be more sensitive to a partner's nonverbal communication, and prevent sexual aggression.
Yucatec-Mayan Im/migration to the Mission and Edison Neighborhoods: A Comparison of Social Conditions and Im/migrant Satisfaction

Interview and ethnographic data in the Mission neighborhood in San Francisco, California and Edison neighborhood in Kalamazoo, Michigan suggest that neighborhood characteristics influence Yucatec-Mayan im/migrant satisfaction. Living in Edison 1) increases im/migration satisfaction; 2) promotes im/migrant openness to permanent U.S. residence; 3) increases stay durations in spite of Edison9s paltry cultural and political resources. Yucatec-Mayans living in both Mission and Edison neighborhoods were most satisfied, suggesting that horizontal mobility is seen as a personal accomplishment, increasing the overall positive perception of im/migration.
ИСТОРИОГРАФИЯ ИНФОРМАТИЗАЦИИ АРХИВНОГО ДЕЛА (1991 − НАЧАЛО 2000-х гг.)

The article briefly describes the second phase of informatization of archives in the Russian Federation, the beginning of which coincided with the period of «microcomputer revolution» turn of 1980‒ 1990, and the end ‒ with the adoption of the Okinawa Charter on Global Information Society 2000. On the basis of extensive complex of the historical sources (more than 1500 sources), including: the Government of the Russian Federation official documents, reports of research work performed by VNIIDAD’s employees in the development of the Concept and the first (pilot) Program of the Russian Archives Informatization, dissertation research, articles published by archivists and historians at that time, the author traces the main trends of research, which allowed to form a single systematic approach to the archive sector and identify key areas of archive’s informatization. These areas are: the organization of the automated acquisition and recording of Archival fund of the Russian Federation documents; the tasks and use in electronic document publishing environment; the use of automated means to conduct research and methodical works in the archives; automation of management of archival institutions. The implementation of these directions has been concretized in the framework of 1996, the Informatization Program and included such practical steps as the computerization of the archives, the development and implementation of industry-wide software systems to automate archive’s processes; the creation of thematic information resources (databases) on the basis of the first time introduced into scientific circulation complexes of archival documents and the establishment of industry-wide internet portal «Russian Archives». The solution of these tasks will allow to recognize the pilot Program of the russian archive’s informatisation done and proceed to the next stage of implementation of information technology in the practice of archives.
Information Processing: Retinal Adaptation

Adaptation refers to the ability of the visual system to adjust to the prevailing conditions of light stimulation in order to maximize sensitivity, reduce the effect of noise, and prevent neural overload or saturation. Many forms of visual adaptation have been identified, occurring at multiple sites within the visual pathway. The types of adaptation that are thought to be retinal in origin are light adaptation, contrast adaptation, chromatic adaptation, and dark adaptation. This article discusses the characteristics of these forms of adaptation and briefly describes the retinal processes that are presumed to underlie them.
Conceptualizing and justifying sets of outcomes with combination problems

Combination problems are a cornerstone of combinatorics courses, but little research has been done examining the ways that students perceive and differentiate among different combination problems. ...
Fabrication of Low-Density Foam Liners in Hohlraums for NIF Targets

Low-density foam liners are seen as a means to mitigate hohlraum wall motion that can interfere with the inner set of beams that are pointed toward the middle section of the hohlraum. These liners ...
Cartesian Doubt and Hegelian Negation

In the Meditations, we find Descartes struggling to establish the true and real existence of self, God and world by a systematic application of doubt to the objects of experience. However “ingenuous” and “naive” the narration of his thoughts may have seemed to Hegel, Descartes’ work is nonetheless given a place of prime importance in the Lectures on the History of Philosophy. “With him,” Hegel remarks, “the new epoch in Philosophy begins,” the Cogito, the first step in the grounding of all truth in self-thinking thought, being “the maxim on which may be said to hinge the whole interest of Modern Philosophy.”1 While Hegel’s construal of Descartes and its importance for subsequent thought deserves comprehensive treatment, in this paper I propose simply to take an Hegelian look at some aspects of Descartes’ struggle in order to clarify certain problems common to them both, and to all serious philosophy.
New Legal Fictions

There was a time when judges routinely deployed legal fictions, which Lon Fuller famously defined as false statements not intended to deceive, in order to temper the disruptive effect of changes in legal doctrine. In an age of positive law, such classic legal fictions are significantly less common. But they have been replaced by new legal fictions. In fashioning legal rules, judges rely with surprising frequency on false, debatable, or untested factual premises. At times, of course, such false premises simply reflect judicial ignorance. But there is an increasingly large body of empirical research available to judges, and more often than not judges' reliance on false premises is not the result of ignorance. Instead, judges often rely on false factual suppositions in the service of other goals. In this article, Professor Smith discusses a broad range of examples of new legal fictions, false factual suppositions that serve as the grounds for judge-made legal rules. The examples, drawn from diverse areas of doctrine, suggest a set of reasons, albeit generally unexpressed, why judges rely on new legal fictions. Sometimes judges rely on new legal fictions to mask the fact that they are making a normative choice. Other times, judges rely on new legal fictions to operationalize legal theories that are not easily put into practice. Still other times, judges deploy new legal fictions to serve functional goals and to promote administrability in adjudication. Finally, new legal fictions often serve a legitimating function, and judges rely on them - even in the face of evidence that they are false - to avoid what they perceive as de-legitimating consequences. Judges rarely acknowledge that their ostensible factual suppositions are in fact new legal fictions, and they rarely articulate the reasons for relying on them. Even assuming one concludes that judges' apparent rationales for relying on them are valid, therefore, there is a serious question whether those rationales outweigh the general interest in judicial candor. After all, a general requirement of judicial candor - which permits the academy and the public to debate, criticize, and defend judges' grounds for decision - is essential to constraining judicial power. To be sure, whether any particular reason for judicial reliance on a new legal fiction is justified turns in part on an empirical judgment about the extent to which the new legal fiction actually achieves the end that the judge deployed it to achieve. But even when we can satisfactorily answer such empirical questions, we are still faced with a normative judgment about the relative desirability of candor and the goal served by dispensing with candor. Professor Smith concludes that the ends served by reliance on new legal fictions usually are not sufficient to overcome the presumption in favor of judicial candor, but that in rare cases dispensing with judicial candor might be justified.
Admission Control and Overload Management for Real-Time Databases

Admission control and overload management techniques are central to the design and implementation of Real-Time Database Systems. In this chapter, we motivate the need for these mechanisms and we present previous and current research work aimed at adding such capabilities to Real-Time Databases.
Social networks and its impact on women's awareness, interest, and uptake of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP): implications for women experiencing intimate partner violence.

Background In the United States, women represent less than 5% of all pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) users. Social networks may promote and/or inhibit women's PrEP awareness, which could influence PrEP intentions. Furthermore, women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) may have smaller, less supportive networks, which could deter or have no impact on PrEP care engagement. This study examined associations between network characteristics and women's PrEP awareness, interest, uptake, and perceived candidacy and analyzed IPV as an effect modifier. Setting/methods From 2017 to 2018, data were collected from a prospective cohort study of 218 PrEP-eligible women with (n = 94) and without (n = 124) IPV experiences in Connecticut. Women completed surveys on demographics, IPV, social networks, and PrEP care continuum outcomes. Results Adjusted analyses showed that PrEP awareness related to having more PrEP-aware alters. PrEP intentions related to having more alters with favorable opinions of women's potential PrEP use and a smaller network size. Viewing oneself as an appropriate PrEP candidate related to having more PrEP-aware alters and more alters with favorable opinions of women's potential PrEP use. IPV modified associations between network characteristics and PrEP care. Having members who were aware of and/or used PrEP was positively associated with PrEP care engagement for women without IPV experiences but had either no effect or the opposite effect for women experiencing IPV. Conclusion Improving PrEP attitudes might improve its utilization among women. Social network interventions might be one way to increase PrEP uptake among many US women but may not be as effective for women experiencing IPV.
Impact of Compulsory Sexuality on LGB and Asexual Media Consumers

This paper seeks to explore the effects of media portrayals of heterosexuality on the romantic and sexual development of adolescent lesbian, gay, bisexual, (LGB) and asexual (ace) consumers. The media, specifically network programming, is a powerful tool of socialization which has been dominated by images of heterosexual love since its inception. As a result LGB and ace consumers have been systemically erased from the majority of the United States’ mediated social narratives. Non-straight viewers have therefore been precluded from receiving the social guidance and affirmation allotted to heterosexual consumers whose sexual and romantic behaviors are endorsed by the images portrayed onscreen. The underrepresentation of LGB and ace people is reflected in other major socializing institutions including the home, church, and academic institutions where heterosexuality is taken for granted as the only acceptable form of sexual or romantic behavior, and non-straight people are consequently erased. Furthermore, tracing the gradual increase in portrayals of love and sex in the media over time and the ubiquitous nature of sexuality throughout society, this paper will explore the nuances inherent in the effects of compulsory heterosexuality on LGB people and the effects of compulsory sexuality on asexual people. Ultimately, by understanding television and story-telling as society’s primary means of self-regulation and expression, this paper will interrogate the implications of predominantly heterosexual narratives on the minds and sexual development of young LGB and asexual consumers.
The Place of the Origin of Life in the Undergraduate Curriculum

The subject of the prebiological or abiotic synthesis of living matter has a great appeal to all questioning minds. At the same time, this topic is a central theme of biology, essential for comprehension of the basic nature of life and its early evolution. Thus, it is not surprising that students find life’s origin an absorbing subject and that authors of textbooks in many areas of biology frequently include at least some consideration of this matter.
Nuclear bodies: the emerging biophysics of nucleoplasmic phases

The cell nucleus contains a large number of membrane-less bodies that play important roles in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression. Recent work suggests that low complexity/disordered protein motifs and repetitive binding domains drive assembly of droplets of nuclear RNA/protein by promoting nucleoplasmic phase separation. Nucleation and maturation of these structures is regulated by, and may in turn affect, factors including post-translational modifications, protein concentration, transcriptional activity, and chromatin state. Here we present a concise review of these exciting recent advances, and discuss current and future challenges in understanding the assembly, regulation, and function of nuclear RNA/protein bodies.
We’re Not like Those Crazy Hippies: Navigating Dual Mandates in Occupational Construction

This paper identifies and analyzes the process of how a nascent occupational group forms in large part due to social movement pressure, and importantly how the resultant occupational group members ...
Computer use in mental health treatment: Understanding collaborative documentation and its effect on the therapeutic alliance.

Amid increases in electronic health record adoption, many psychotherapists are concerned that in-session computing may harm the client-provider relationship, also known as the therapeutic alliance. The emerging practice of collaborative documentation (CD) is one strategy designed to prevent this outcome. Little empirical work has examined the effects of in-session computing generally or CD specifically within the psychotherapeutic context. This study explores how CD is being implemented in psychotherapy and examines how both the frequency of computing and the use of CD affects the therapeutic alliance. Psychotherapists in this study engaged in an average of 42 (SD = 38.5) computing episodes. CD was present in 39% of sessions (N = 21). Regression models found that among providers, increases in computing frequency predicted decreases in alliance (s = -.18, p < .05). Conversely, among clients, the use of CD improved alliance (s = .43, p < .01). Findings suggest that psychotherapists use computers often, but parties view the effect of electronic health records differently. Reconciling this disparity and continuing to develop effective technology-based best practices is imperative. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).