cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emerging applications of deep ultraviolet light emitting diodes

UV radiation is highly effective in killing against viruses, bacteria, algae, molds, and yeasts. They are compact, have rapid turn-off and turn-on times, and provide UV radiation at different wavelengths allowing to target specific contaminants. The deep UV LEDs (UVC LEDs) do not contain hazardous substances, such as mercury. Since their operating voltage is low they could be powered by photovoltaic cells. Recent studies have shown that UV radiation at 222 nm is effective in killing viruses but safer for humans compared to 265 nm to 280 nm radiation. Another advantage of UVC LEDs is an ability of rapidly adjust the output power of UVC LED lamps that allows to use the feedback and Artificial Intelligence models to optimize the effects of the UV radiation, save power, and ensure safety. One example, where this is important, is the application of deep UVC LED systems with feedback in vaccine production. A more traditional application of UV LEDs is in water purification being enabled by the recent improvements in deep UV LED power, reliability, packaging, and lifetime. These improvements allow for scaling up the emerging deep UV LED applications and make it feasible to use deep UV LEDs for improving plant yield, extending produce storage time, disinfecting grain and chicken feed, and fighting Hospital Acquired Infections. © COPYRIGHT SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Single molecule methods for studying CRISPR Cas9-induced DNA unwinding.

Abstract Like helicases, CRISPR proteins such as Cas9 and Cas12a unwind DNA, but unlike helicases, these CRISPR proteins do not use ATP. Instead, they use binding energy to melt DNA locally and then utilize basepairing between guide (g) RNA and target strand to continue to unwind the DNA. CRISPR Cas9 is the most widely used tool for genome editing applications. The Cas9 endonuclease forms a complex with gRNA that can be programmed to bind a specific 20 bp segment of DNA, the protospacer. If there is enough of a sequence match between sgRNA and protospacer, Cas9 undergoes a conformational change, which activates the two nuclease domains, causing a double strand break in the DNA. We can use single-molecule FRET (smFRET) to probe the state of DNA unwinding as a function of mismatches between sgRNA and DNA. This approach can also be used to probe the position of Cas9’s HNH domain before and after cleavage.
Glycoprotein 330, a member of the low density lipoprotein receptor family, binds lipoprotein lipase in vitro.

Glycoprotein 330 (gp330), a cell-surface protein that is localized in clathrin-coated pits, is structurally related to both the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the LDLR-related protein/alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (LRP). We recently demonstrated that gp330 and LRP may be functionally related as well; both bind the 39-kDa polypeptide referred to as receptor-associated protein (Kounnas, M. Z., Argraves, W. S., and Strickland, D. K. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21162-21166). In this report, we tested several other LRP ligands for their ability to interact with human and rat gp330 in vitro. Gp330 did not exhibit detectable binding to the LRP ligands, alpha 2-macroglobulin protease complex or Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. However, we found that gp330 (purified from human or rat) bound the lipolytic enzyme lipoprotein lipase (LPL) with high affinity (Kd = 6.1 and 2.7 nM, respectively). The binding was saturable, divalent cation dependent, and inhibited by heparin or receptor-associated protein. Because LRP has also been shown to bind LPL, the present findings further extend the functional similarities between gp330 and LRP. By analogy to the postulated role of the LRP-LPL interaction in facilitating hepatic clearance of LPL-associated lipoproteins from the blood (Beisiegel, U., Weber, W., and Bengtsson-Olivercrona, G. (1991) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88, 8342-8346; Chappell, D. A., Fry, G. L., Waknitz, M. A., Iverius, P. H., Williams, S. E., and Strickland, D. K. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 25764-25767), we speculate that the gp330-LPL interaction described herein may contribute to the uptake of LPL-associated lipoproteins in tissues expressing gp330. Consistent with this possibility, we found that LPL promoted in vitro binding of 125I-lipoproteins to gp330.
The News Media and The Thermostatic Response

The central goal of this project is to further explore the mechanisms that bring about the thermostatic response, asking whether the public receives the factual information it needs from the news media to evaluate the substance of new policies and investigating the degree to which journalistic norms shape policy-focused news reports in ways that are both predictable and consequential for public opinion. I develop a theory that posits that public affairs journalists and editors are incentivized to focus on the partisan conflict and debate inherent in the legislative process - elements of that process that previous studies find many Americans dislike and interpret as “dysfunction.” I argue that this media focus makes the public more aware of and more likely to respond to the contentious nature of the policymaking process than the substance of new laws. Further, I hypothesize that exposure to a bitter, partisan policy debate can cause a shift in public mood, even in the absence of policy change. I test this theory using a case study of attitudes toward health policy spanning from 1980 to 2010. I find that health policy mood is responsive to the policy debate presented in the news media, even in instances where the proposed policy fails.
Common operator properties of the linear operators and

Let S and R be bounded linear operators defined on Banach spaces, S: X -* Y, R: Y -* X. When A 5$ 0, then the operators A SR and A RS have many basic operator properties in common. This situation is studied in this paper.
London Re‐cut: Reclaiming History through the Co‐curated Remixing of Film

Film archives offer unique opportunities for co-curation between collections-based institutions and members of the public. By making available source materials and the tools to manipulate them, institutions can work with the public to develop new interpretations of their collections as well as to tap into the remixing and sharing cultures of social and digital media. Digital co-curation projects can develop relationships with audiences that many institutions find difficult to engage, developing alternative narratives and reclaimed histories. This paper describes the evolution of an approach to co-curation and the tools and strategies needed to engage users. It focuses on London Re-Cut, a project to remix London’s film history, drawing on material from 11 film archives across the city. Projects such as London Recut suggest that audiences have both the enthusiasm and the skills to open up this radical “remix” approach to interpretation.
The Subpoena and Day in Court: Guidelines for Nurses

Psychiatric nurses or therapists may be subpoenaed to appear as direct or expert witnesses. The response must be carefully prepared, and nurses must be aware that testifying in court can be an anxiety-provoking experience. Testifying often involves being an advocate for a client. Clients who have a mental illness, are developmentally disabled, or have a history of abuse or recent violence deserve a conscientious response. The legal process is the avenue for providing safety or empowerment, for assuring that needs are met, and rights are obtained, and being part of that process is an important role. Being prepared for the role is essential.
La desatención al desarrollo y la justicia

I review some recent proposals in the field of human development and global justice. I try to show that, in the context of the present economic crisis, attention paid to these issues has sadly diminished, but I also point out to the exception of ASAP (Academics Stand Against Poverty), and I mention some of its current projects.
A generative model for unsupervised discovery of relations and argument classes from clinical texts

This paper presents a generative model for the automatic discovery of relations between entities in electronic medical records. The model discovers relation instances and their types by determining which context tokens express the relation. Additionally, the valid semantic classes for each type of relation are determined. We show that the model produces clusters of relation trigger words which better correspond with manually annotated relations than several existing clustering techniques. The discovered relations reveal some of the implicit semantic structure present in patient records.
The incremental benefit of functional imaging in pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma: a systematic review

Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the major imaging modalities used for the localization of catecholamine-producing tumors (pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma). Functional imaging (FI) offers an alternative approach to localize, evaluate, and stage these tumors. Our objective was to describe the additive benefit of FI studies for patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPG) who have undergone MRI or CT scan evaluation. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus from database inception through June 2012 for studies that included patients with biochemically proven PPGs who underwent CT or MRI and additional FI for the localization of PPGs. We included 32 studies enrolling a total of 1,264 patients with a mean age of 43-years old. The studies were uncontrolled and evaluated six FI modalities. FI tests provided small additive value to CT/MRI, aiding in the localization of only 24/1,445 primary cases (1.4 %) and 28/805 metastatic cases (3.5 %). In metastatic cases, 6-[F-18]fluoro-L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) and fluorodopamine-PET (FDA) were the FI tests most successful at identifying disease missed by CT/MRI, providing additional benefit in 6/60 (10 %) and 5/78 (6.4 %) cases, respectively. No clinically significant findings were observed in any of the predefined subgroups. No study evaluated the impact of FI on the completeness of surgical resection or other patient-important outcomes. Observational evidence suggests that FI tests have a limited additional role in patients with PPGs who have undergone CT/MRI evaluation. However, the role of FI tests in specific subgroups of patients with atypical presentations (metastatic, extra-adrenal) as well as the use of hybrid FI tests should be explored. Further research should also evaluate the impact of FI tests on patient-important outcomes.
Suppressors of Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) Deficiency in Saccharomyces cerevisiae IDENTIFICATION OF PROTEINS PREDICTED TO MEDIATE IRON-SULFUR CLUSTER ASSEMBLY

Yeast deficient in the cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) exhibit metabolic defects indicative of oxidative damage even under non-stress conditions. To help identify the endogenous sources of this oxidative damage, we isolated mutant strains of S. cerevisiae that suppressed metabolic defects associated with loss of SOD1. Six complementation groups were isolated and three of the corresponding genes have been identified. One sod1Δ suppressor represents SSQ1 which encodes a hsp70-type molecular chaperone found in the mitochondria. A second sod1Δsuppressor gene, designated JAC1, represents a new member of the 20-kDa J-protein family of co-chaperones. Jac1p contains a mitochondrial targeting consensus sequence and may serve as the partner for Ssq1p. Homologues of Ssq1p and Jac1p are found in bacteria in close association with genes proposed to be involved in iron-sulfur protein biosynthesis. The third suppressor gene identified wasNFS1. Nfs1p is homologous to cysteine desulfurase enzymes that function in iron-sulfur cluster assembly and is also predicted to be mitochondrial. Each of the suppressor mutants identified exhibited diminished rates of respiratory oxygen consumption and was found to have reduced mitochondrial aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase activities. Taken together these results suggest a role for Ssq1p, Jac1p, and Nfs1p in assembly/maturation of mitochondrial iron-sulfur proteins and that one or more of the target Fe/S proteins contribute to oxidative damage in cells lacking copper/zinc SOD.
Cytotoxicity of caffeine in cultured heart cells

The cytotoxic effect of caffeine on myocardial cells was evaluated in primary cultures of rat heart muscle (M) and endothelioid (E) cells. The cells were exposed to 5, 10, or 20 mM caffeine for 6, 12, or 24 h. As an index of cell injury produced by the treatments, in situ changes in lysosomal membrane permeability were measured by a sensitive cytochemical technique. The highest concentration of caffeine (20 mM) produced such toxic signs as reduced cell viability, increased vacuolization, and pseudopod formation. At the lower concentrations, caffeine labilized lysosomal membranes of M cells more easily than those of E cells. Pretreatment with hydrocortisone prior to exposure to caffeine protected E and M cell lysosomes from the labilizing effects of caffeine.
Fluorodeoxyglucose Uptake of Primary Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer at Positron Emission Tomography: New Contrary Data on Prognostic Role

Purpose: This prospective study evaluated the prognostic significance of 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose ( 18 F-FDG) uptake in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at positron emission tomography, in a carefully staged population, while correcting for partial volume effects. Experimental Design: Two hundred eight potentially resectable NSCLC patients were referred for FDG positron emission tomography staging after thoracic computed tomography. Each tumor stage was confirmed surgically, or for some stage IV tumors by additional imaging. The tumor maximum pixel-standardized uptake value (maxSUV) and the maxSUV partial volume corrected for lesion size (PVCmaxSUV) were compared with overall survival and disease-free survival using Cox proportional hazards regression. Results: Stage distribution: stage I, 36%; stage II, 15%; stage III, 30%; stage IV, 19%. Patients were followed for a median of 33.6 months, with 90 deaths from NSCLC (median survival for all stages, 43.3 months). With respect to overall survival, the most significant cutoff value for both maxSUV and PVCmaxSUV was 7. MaxSUV ≥7 was significantly associated with an increased risk of death from NSCLC in univariable analysis, whereas PVCmaxSUV ≥7 was only marginally associated. However, in multivariable analyses, neither maxSUV ≥7 nor PVCmaxSUV ≥7 provided significant additional prognostic information over stage, tumor size, and age. In the 103 patients who underwent surgical resection only, surgical stage, but not maxSUV or PVCmaxSUV, was univariably associated with survival or recurrence. SUV definitions based on lean body mass, body surface area, and plasma glucose correction yielded identical results. Conclusions: As expected, tumor stage is prognostic in NSCLC. However, tumor FDG uptake does not provide additional prognostic information. This prospective study contradicts prior reports.
Effects of cutting nervi conarii and tentorium cerebelli on pineal composition and activity shifting following reversal of photoperiod.

Abstract Two series of S1 strain, littermate, female rats (final number = 35) were studied in individual cages in which running activity was recorded continuously. When 12 1 2 –14 1 2 (series A) or 5 1 2 –6 1 2 weeks old (series B), the transverse sinus was cut bilaterally (= S1 sham-operation) or the tentorium and the contained nervi conarii and transverse sinus were cut surgically bilaterally about 2 mm from the pineal gland (= NC, nerve-cut operation). Normal levels of time spent in running activity per day were restored in about 10 days in the younger animals (series B) and more gradually in the older ones (series A). Reversals in the timing of the daily artificial photoperiod (LD 12 : 12) 1–5 days after surgery and again 16 days later failed to reveal any significant difference in activity phase-shifting between NC and S animals and between these and normals after postoperative recovery. Autopsy examination was used to exclude from the analyses all animals with brain injury, to confirm by means of histochemistry the reduction in pineal content of sympathetic nerves, and to demonstrate normal pineal volume, histology and cytology in all animals. It is concluded that intact nervi conarii and tentoria are unnecessary for either pineal-based delay in activity phase-shifting or maintenance of normal pineal structure.
Effects of Ti and TiN underlayers on electromigration reliability of Al–Cu interconnects

The effects of Al underlayer between Ti and TiN on the electromigration (EM) reliability of Al stack film were compared. And both package-level and conventional wafer-level EM tests were performed. Microstructures of underlayer and Al films were characterized to understand the EM results. The surface roughness of the underlayer was related to the grain size distribution and surface roughness of Al film. The higher EM resistance of the Al stacks prepared with Ti underlayer can be best explained by their better Al (111) texture and grain size distribution than those with TiN underlayer.
Right Atrioventricular Valve Malformation in Dogs and Cats: An Electrocardiographic Survey With Emphasis on Splintered QRS Complexes

The purposes of this study were 2-fold: (1) to determine the prevalence of splintered QRS complexes (Rr', RR', rR', rr') and other electrocardiographic abnormalities in dogs and cats with congenital right atrioventricular valve malformation (RAVM) and (2) to determine if the Labrador Retriever was at greater risk for RAVM and splintered QRS complexes. EKGs from 39 dogs and 6 cats with echocardiographically diagnosed RAVM were studied retrospectively. Splintered QRS complexes were commonly found in affected Labrador Retrievers (9 of 19, 47%), non-Labrador Retrievers (12 of 20, 60%), and cats (4 of 6, 67%). Right ventricular enlargement was most commonly detected by precordial leads (CV6LL[V2], CV6LU[V4]) in the dogs and by the standard limb leads in the cats. Arrhythmias were uncommon. The Labrador Retriever was significantly overrepresented (P < .001) In the RAVM group when compared to the general hospital population (50% versus 8%). Males were also significantly overrepresented (P < .01). It was concluded that splintered QRS complexes are a distinctive and common electrocardiographic finding in dogs and cats with RAVM. Moreover, this congenital cardiac defect is most common in the Labrador Retriever, although this breed does not have proportionately more or less splintering of the QRS complexes than other breeds.
Building Theory, Building Community

Critical race theory in the United States is at a crossroads. As a jurisprudence it seems to be a success story: the number of legal scholars affiliating themselves with the movement seems to be st...
Coenzyme depletion by members of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins leads to diminished ATP levels and cell death

Recent studies demonstrated that a variety of bacterial pore-forming toxins induce cell death through a process of programmed necrosis characterized by the rapid depletion of cellular ATP. However, events leading to the necrosis and depletion of ATP are not thoroughly understood. We demonstrate that ATP-depletion induced by two pore-forming toxins, the Clostridium perfringens epsilon-toxin and the Aeromonas hydrophila aerolysin toxin, is associated with decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. To gain further insight into the toxin-induced metabolic changes contributing to necrosis and depletion of ATP, we analyzed the biochemical profiles of 251 distinct compounds by GC/MS or LC/MS/MS following exposure of a human kidney cell line to the epsilon-toxin. As expected, numerous biochemicals were seen to increase or decrease in response to epsilon-toxin. However, the pattern of these changes was consistent with the toxin-induced disruption of major energy-producing pathways in the cell including disruptions to the beta-oxidation of lipids. In particular, treatment with epsilon-toxin led to decreased levels of key coenzymes required for energy production including carnitine, NAD (and NADH), and coenzyme A. Independent biochemical assays confirmed that epsilon-toxin and aerolysin induced the rapid decrease of these coenzymes or their synthetic precursors. Incubation of cells with NADH or carnitine-enriched medium helped protect cells from toxin-induced ATP depletion and cell death. Collectively, these results demonstrate that members of the aerolysin family of pore-forming toxins lead to decreased levels of essential coenzymes required for energy production. The resulting loss of energy substrates is expected to contribute to dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and ultimately cell death.
Multidimensional NMR Spectroscopy for Protein Characterization and Assignment inside Cells

High-field, heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy of biological macromolecules in native cellular environments is limited by the low concentrations present and the long data acquisition times needed for the experiments. Successful 1D and 2D heteronuclear NMR data have been reported, but the 3D experiments conventionally used for protein assignment and detailed characterization are generally too long to maintain cell viability. Here we describe the successful in vivo implementation of a suite of fast 3D NMR experiments which we have used to generate the complete backbone assignment of resonances in the recombinant polypeptide GB-1 within Escherichia coli cells. The data were acquired at 600 MHz with a cold probe using the projection reconstruction experiments, (3,2)HNCA, (3,2)HNCO, and (3,2)HA(CA)NH.
Interferon-gamma, the activated macrophage, and host defense against microbial challenge

Recent research on human macrophage activation has reemphasized the critical role of the lymphokine-secreting T cell in converting quiescent macrophages to efficient microbicidal phagocytes. Interferon-gamma, a key lymphokine secreted by antigen-triggered T4+ helper cells, is capable of inducing the macrophage to act against a diverse group of microbial targets, in particular, intracellular pathogens. In animal models, treatment with recombinant interferon-gamma is beneficial in systemic intracellular infections, and inhibition of endogenous interferon-gamma activity impairs host resistance. Trials in patients with cancer, leprosy, and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) have shown that interferon-gamma can activate the mononuclear phagocyte in humans. This research and the identification of patients whose T cells fail to produce interferon-gamma properly has set the stage for evaluating the role of macrophage-activating immunotherapy using interferon-gamma in various human infectious diseases.
Ultrahigh-resolution in-vivo versus ex-vivo OCT imaging and tissue preservation

Many studies have been performed which compare ex-vivo OCT imaging to histopathology in a wide range of tissues and organ systems. While some tissues, such as arterial pathology or cartilage, are relatively stable post mortem, others, such as epithelial tissues, exhibit rapid degradation. It is important to preserve these tissues with minimal changes in morphology relative to their in vivo state in order to enable meaningful ex vivo OCT imaging studies. In this paper, we investigate the differences between in vivo and ex vivo OCT imaging and the effect of different tissue preservation solutions on tissue degradation and image quality. Ultrahigh resolution OCT imaging was preformed using a Ti:Al2O3 light source with 2 micrometers axial and 5 micrometers transverse resolution, using the hamster cheek pouch as a model for epithelial tissue. Tissue preservation solutions examined included: low temperature saline, room temperature saline, phosphate buffered sucrose, University of Wisconsin solution, and 10% formalin. Results of in vivo versus ex vivo ultrahigh resolution OCT imaging indicate that changes in optical properties and image degradation occur on a rapid time scale (in minutes) for all preservation solutions except formalin.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Quantum well lasers--Gain, spectra, dynamics

We discuss a number of theoretical and experimental issues in quantum well lasers with emphasis on the basic behavior of the gain, the field spectrum, and the modulation dynamics. It is revealed that the use of quantum well structures results in improvement of these properties and brings several new concepts to optical semiconductor devices.
Sequence and glycosidic bond arrangement of sugars in lipopolysaccharide from Thermoplasma acidophilum

Abstract The lipopolysaccharide from Thermoplasma acidophilum is a linear polymer with the structure [Manp-(α1 → 2)-Man p -(α1 → 4)-Man p -(α1 → 3)] 8 -Glcp-(α1 → 1)-diglycerol tetraether as established by Smith degradation, methylation, acetolysis and CrO 3 oxidation.
Pattern formation in miniature: the female gametophyte of flowering plants

Plant reproduction involves gamete production by a haploid generation, the gametophyte. For flowering plants, a defining characteristic in the evolution from the 'naked-seed' plants, or gymnosperms, is a reduced female gametophyte, comprising just seven cells of four different types--a microcosm of pattern formation and gamete specification about which only little is known. However, several genes involved in the differentiation, fertilization and post-fertilization functions of the female gametophyte have been identified and, recently, the morphogenic activity of the plant hormone auxin has been found to mediate patterning and egg cell specification. This article reviews recent progress in understanding the pattern formation, maternal effects and evolution of this essential unit of plant reproduction.
Metabolism of Amprenavir in Liver Microsomes: Role of CYP3A4 Inhibition for Drug Interactions

Amprenavir (141W94, VX-478, KVX-478) is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 (cytochrome P450 3A4) in recombinant systems and human liver microsomes (HLM). The effects of ketoconazole, terfenadine, astemizole, rifampicin, methadone, and rifabutin upon amprenavir metabolism were examined in vitro using HLM. Ketoconazole, terfenadine, and astemizole were observed to inhibit amprenavir depletion, consistent with their known specificity for CYP3A4. The HIV protease inhibitors, indinavir, saquinavir, ritonavir, and nelfinavir, were included in incubations containing amprenavir to examine the interactions of HIV protease inhibitors in vitro. The order of amprenavir metabolism inhibition in human liver microsomes was observed to be: ritonavir > indinavir > nelfinavir > saquinavir. The K value for amprenavir-mediated inhibition of testosterone hydroxylation in human liver microsomes was found to be approximately 0.5 μM. Studies suggest that amprenavir inhibits CYP3A4 to a greater extent than saquinavir, and to a much lesser extent than ritonavir. Amprenavir, nelfinavir, and indinavir appear to inhibit CYP3A4 to a moderate extent, suggesting a selected number of coadministration restrictions.
Performance and Emissions Characteristics of Hydroprocessed Renewable Jet Fuel Blends in a Single-Cylinder Compression Ignition Engine with Electronically Controlled Fuel Injection

To offset the usage of petroleum-based jet-propellant, alternative jet fuels made from sustainable sources are being researched. Due to the Single Fuel Forward Policy, these jet propellant fuels are being used in compression ignition (CI) engines designed to burn ultra-low-sulfur-diesel (ULSD). In the current study, a single-cylinder CI engine with electronic injection timing burns ULSD, jet propellant (Jet-A), and blends of Jet-A with hydrotreated renewable aviation fuel (R-8). Results for Jet-A and R-8 indicate that injection modulation provides performance that is similar or improved compared to ULSD, particularly when considering fuel consumption. Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and hydrocarbon emissions are all lower than ULSD for both aviation fuels while yielding similar particulate matter emissions. Results show that re-calibration of engine injection timing in order to account for differing aviation fuels could prove advantageous for military logistics through improved fuel consumption.
Characterization of ADP-Ribosylation Sites on Desmin and Restoration of Desmin Intermediate Filament Assembly by De-ADP-Ribosylation

Abstract Desmin is an intermediate filament protein that can be ADP-ribosylated by arginine-specific mono(ADP-ribosyl) transferase. Stoichiometric modification of desmin by the transferase causes inhibition of assembly of desmin into 10-nm intermediate filaments (Huang et al., 1993, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197, 570–577). In this work, the sites of modification that can affect disassembly have been identified. ADP-ribosylated desmin (1.2 mol ADP-ribose/mol desmin) was digested with lysyl endopeptidase followed by trypsin. Two ADP-ribosylated peptides were obtained, sequenced by Edman degradation, and analyzed by the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Arginines 48 and 68 of desmin's head domain were shown to be sites of modification, with arginine 48 the major ADP-ribosylation site. ADP-ribosylated desmin (4 mol ADP-ribose/mol desmin) was treated with ADP-ribosylarginine hydrolase. Removal of more than three ADP-ribose groups results in partial restoration of desmin's ability to form intermediate filaments. It is necessary to remove all ADP-ribose groups from desmin to restore its complete ability to form intermediate filaments. The fact that the effect of ADP-ribosylation on the filament-forming properties of desmin is fully reversible suggests that ADP-ribosylation alone is responsible for the changes noted in desmin.
Measurement of Eye Movement with a Ferromagnetic Contact Ring

A new magnetic method for measurement of eye movement is presented. It is based on measurement of differential inductance variations of two C-shaped coils due to the movement of a conical ferromagnetic ring which fits on the sclera. High sensitivity over a wide dynamic range is obtained by using a tuned bridge and synchronous detector. Separation of the detector coils from the magnetic field source improves the resolution and stability, and enables a two-dimensional measurement with one pair of C-coils.
Trial of an anabolic steroid (oxymetholone) in atherosclerosis with hyperlipoproteinaemia.

Abstract A trial of the effect on plasma lipids of the anabolic steroid oxymetholone was made in subjects who had angina, hypertension or myocardial infarction, and who had been found to have raised plasma lipids. There was some lowering of plasma triglyceride but not of cholesterol. The abnormal pre-beta electrophoretic band disappeared in many cases. One patient, of the unusual Type V, showed spectacular improvement, but developed jaundice. One other patient became severely jaundiced. Six patients who were taking anti-coagulants developed a marked prolongation of thrombotest time. It was concluded that the lowering of plasma lipids was too slight to be of value, and the hepatotoxic effect too frequent a hazard in patients with hyperlipidaemia, who may be particularly susceptible to this. Patients having much larger doses of oxymetholone for hypoplastic anaemia have not been reported as developing jaundice with the same frequency.
Agriculture and aggregation

Abstract We study the shape of the aggregate production function in the presence of land-intensive agriculture. The traditional Cobb–Douglas formulation is corrected to include a “diversification component.” The implied TFP differences across countries are larger than what Solow residuals suggest.
Energy of fracture for short brittle fiber-brittle matrix composites with planar fiber orientation

Abstract The addition of brittle fibers to a brittle matrix can increase the toughness of the matrix providing mechanisms for energy dissipation during crack propagation. A model based on probabilistic principles is developed to calculate the increased energy absorption during fracture for a brittle matrix reinforced with very short, poorly bonded fibers. The proposed model may be used with any planar orientation distribution which can be probabilistically described. A physically plausible fiber critical angle beyond which fibers fracture by bending stresses rather than pull-out is incorporated in the model. The fiber pull-out energy is assumed to dominate other fracture energy terms, and simple parametric studies are given to demonstrate the effect of fiber orientation, fiber length, fiber diameter and fiber-matrix interfacial shear stress. The model predictions compare satisfactorily with the limited data available and offer a conceptual framework for considering the effect of changing the physical variables on the fracture energy of the composite.
Ensemble modeling to predict habitat suitability for a large‐scale disturbance specialist

To conserve habitat for disturbance specialist species, ecologists must identify where individuals will likely settle in newly disturbed areas. Habitat suitability models can predict which sites at new disturbances will most likely attract specialists. Without validation data from newly disturbed areas, however, the best approach for maximizing predictive accuracy can be unclear (Northwestern U.S.A.). We predicted habitat suitability for nesting Black-backed Woodpeckers (Picoides arcticus; a burned-forest specialist) at 20 recently (≤6 years postwildfire) burned locations in Montana using models calibrated with data from three locations in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. We developed 8 models using three techniques (weighted logistic regression, Maxent, and Mahalanobis D2 models) and various combinations of four environmental variables describing burn severity, the north–south orientation of topographic slope, and prefire canopy cover. After translating model predictions into binary classifications (0 = low suitability to unsuitable, 1 = high to moderate suitability), we compiled “ensemble predictions,” consisting of the number of models (0–8) predicting any given site as highly suitable. The suitability status for 40% of the area burned by eastside Montana wildfires was consistent across models and therefore robust to uncertainty in the relative accuracy of particular models and in alternative ecological hypotheses they described. Ensemble predictions exhibited two desirable properties: (1) a positive relationship with apparent rates of nest occurrence at calibration locations and (2) declining model agreement outside surveyed environments consistent with our reduced confidence in novel (i.e., “no-analogue”) environments. Areas of disagreement among models suggested where future surveys could help validate and refine models for an improved understanding of Black-backed Woodpecker nesting habitat relationships. Ensemble predictions presented here can help guide managers attempting to balance salvage logging with habitat conservation in burned-forest landscapes where black-backed woodpecker nest location data are not immediately available. Ensemble modeling represents a promising tool for guiding conservation of large-scale disturbance specialists.
Reaching out with the imagination.

It has been said that the imagination is a powerful tool. We show here that, in reality, this claim may be more than simply a metaphor. Recent studies have revealed that items near the hands benefit from enhanced visual analysis (Abrams, Davoli, Du, Knapp, & Pauli, 2008; Reed, Grubb, & Steele, 2006; Schendel & Robertson, 2004). These results are thought to reflect the importance of representing objects and events that are in close proximity to the body, such as objects that are soon to be grasped or those that must be avoided. Quite naturally, all previous studies that have found perceptual enhancement near the hands have had subjects assume a posture in which their hands were placed close to a visual display. We show here for the first time that the same benefits can occur when one simply imagines such postures.
Science and scientists in international conflict: traditions and prospects

Abstract Relations between Greece and Turkey have deteriorated during the same period that relations have improved between France and Germany. Despite a tradition of distrust between the Greek and Turkish governments, scientists and other individuals from the two countries can work together with personal respect and goodwill. This article argues that in Greece and Turkey, as in India and Pakistan and in Israel and Palestine, obstacles to peace derive in part from power struggles among privileged elites who mobilize popular feelings through media campaigns and other means designed to increase xenophobia and paranoia.
Characterization of Immobilized Poly-l-aspartate as a Metal Chelator

Poly-l-aspartic acid (PLAsp), which consists of ca. 50 Asp residues in a linear polypeptide, has been immobilized on controlled pore glass (CPG) and evaluated for its selectivity and binding strength in the complexation of metal ions from aqueous solutions. The carboxylate side chain of Asp (pKa = 5.4 ± 0.2) is thought to be primarily responsible for chelation of the target metals. Of the several metals evaluated, Eu3+, Ce3+, La3+, Cu2+, and Pb2+ exhibited good binding capacities. Quantitative determination of single-element capacities were determined for Cu2+ (12 ± 1 μmol/g PLAsp-CPG) and La3+ (7.1 ± 0.3 μmol/g PLAsp-CPG). Isotherms were constructed from breakthrough curves using a flow injection system. These curves were used to evaluate the effective site capacity and formation constants. A combination of moderate and strong binding sites for Pb2+ was detected, while moderate binding of Cd2+ was observed with a minimal number of strong binding sites. Several cations showed little to no binding by PLAsp...
Comment on: “Low‐altitude signatures of the cusp and flux transfer events” by Mike Lockwood and Mark F. Smith

Commentaire de l'article de Lockwood M. et Smith M. F. (1989, Geophys. Res. Lett., 16) et reponse des auteurs
The effects of prior neutral messages on resistance to evaluative communications

A neutral communication was presented to Ss prior to presentation of either a positive or negative communication. Those exposed to the prior neutral communication had less polarized attitudes than those not exposed to the neutral communication. The findings also indicated that neutral information by itself can produce positive attitude change. The results supported previous work on neutral information and were interpreted in terms of an averaging theory of information integration.
A generative facade design method based on daylighting performance goals

Successful daylighting design is a complex task which requires the designer to consider numerous design elements and their effects on multiple performance criteria. Facades, in particular, include many variables which may dramatically impact daylighting performance. Genetic algorithms (GAs) are optimization methods which are suitable for searching large solution spaces, such as those presented by design problems. This article presents a GA-based tool which facilitates the exploration of facade designs generated based on illuminance and/or glare objectives. The method allows the user to input an original 3d massing model and performance goals. The overall building form remains the same while facade elements may change. Ten parameters are considered, including materials and geometry of apertures and shading devices. A simple building data model is used to automatically generate a 3d model of each solution. Results from single- and multi-objective case studies are presented to demonstrate a successful goal-d...
An alternative to steady-state comparisons

Abstract For derivative changes in parameters, this note derives a simple expression for the present discounted value of the change in an economic variable along the convergent path from one steady state to another. This expression is not more complicated than the comparison of steady states ignoring the convergence.
Dual-mode elliptic-function bandpass filter using one single patch resonator without coupling gaps

A novel dual-mode, compact, and simple elliptic-function bandpass filter structure without coupling gaps is proposed. This filter has insertion loss 10 dB within 2.3-2.375 GHz. Without coupling gaps between the feed lines and the patch resonator, the new filter can provide a low insertion loss and reduce uncertainty in fabrication.
Photoluminescence of Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum well structures prepared by molecular beam epitaxy

Abstract The effect of growth conditions, in particular the substrate temperature, on the quality of Al0.4Ga0.6As/GaAs quantum well heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy was investigated. Characterization by low temperature photoluminescence indicates that the quality of the AlxGa1 − xAs confining layer is optimized at 720 °C; above 720 °C it becomes very difficult to maintain sufficient arsenic coverage on the surface because of rapid arsenic desorption. The quality of the quantum wells is dominated by the interfacial properties which are dependent on the quality of the AlxGa1 − xAs and to some extent on the quality of the GaAs. Our experiments show that a substrate temperature of 720 °C also optimizes the quantum wells. The photoluminescence spectra of the Al0.4Ga0.6As layers show excitonic processes with a width of 7 meV.
High volume, low frequency continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume at 1 sec (FEV1) were measured in 18 stable continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients maintained on 2-liter exchanges, in the supine, sitting, and upright positions after infusing dialysis solutions in 0.5-liter increments up to 4 liters as tolerated. Thereafter, five patients did not increase to 3-liter volumes (RUT-0), four used 3-liter volumes occasionally (RUT-1), and nine chose 3-liter volumes for routine dialysis (RUT-2). IAP was similar in all groups and dependent on the intraperitoneal volume (IPV). The mean IAP increased 2.0, 2.7, and 2.8 cm H2O/liter of IPV in the supine, upright, and sitting positions, respectively. The patients of the RUT-0 group had dramatic deterioration (up to 42%) of FVC and FEV1 in the supine position with IPV above 2 liters. The patients with the greatest deterioration of pulmonary functions could not continue the measurements above 3 liters of IPV. Two of these patients were switched to 1-liter overnight exchanges. Even in patients who tolerated up to 4 liters, FVC and FEV1 decreased significantly in the supine and sitting positions, with IPV greater than 3 or 4 liters, respectively. In the upright position, the values did not decrease significantly below those with the empty abdomen up to 4.6 liters of IPV. Each liter of IPV increased the abdominal girth by 2.1 cm. Exchange volume and frequency should be individualized. In our studies, 50% of the patients could increase daily dialysate volume from 8 to 9 liters while decreasing daily exchanges from 4 to 3.
Fontana's Atomic Age Abstraction: The Spatial Concepts and the Television Manifesto

In 1952, Lucio Fontana signed his name to “The Manifesto of the Spatialist Movement for Television.” A series of clamorous and contradictory declarations constitute the text, which opens with the performative statement cited above. Its strident tone lends itself to a superficial reading about the technophilic affirmation of electronic broadcast forms drawn from postwar consumer and entertainment culture prefiguring the new media of the 1960s and ’70s. The last statement of the manifesto—“We Spatialists feel that we are the artists of today, since the triumphs of technology are now in the service of the art we profess”— sounds a naive note of hysterical enthusiasm over new media as an ultimate solution to artistic practices seeking to move past the limitations of traditional mediums. The delirium of potentiality and futurity delivered by technology echoes the utopian outlook of certain of the avant-gardes, specifically the Italian Futurists. It recalls Filippo Tommaso Marinetti’s staccato series of slogans, from the “Manifesto of Futurism”: We stand on the last promontory of the centuries! Why should we look back when we want to break down the mysterious doors of the impossible? Time and Space died yesterday. We live in the absolute because we have created eternal, omnipresent speed.2 Yet Fontana’s work and independent statements—and his contribution to the contradictory crosscurrents of the Television Manifesto itself—demonstrate 1. Lucio Fontana, Alberto Burri, Roberto Crippa, Ludovicio Deluigi, Louis De Toffoli, Lazzaro Donati, Gianni Dova, Virgilio Guidi, Benjamino Joppolo, Milena Milani, and Cesare Peverelli, “The Manifesto of the Spatialist Movement for Television,” reprinted in The Italian Metamorphosis, 1943‐1968, ed. Germano Celant (New York: Guggenheim Museum, 1995), pp. 716‐17. All excerpts of the Television Manifesto are drawn from this source. My gratitude and a tremendous debt are owed to Vered Maimon, Claire Gilman, T’ai Smith, and Yates McKee for their comments and criticism at various stages of the evolution of this text. 2. Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, “The Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism” (1909), in Art in For the first time anywhere, we Spatialists are broadcasting, through the medium of television, our new forms of art, which are based on concepts of space as seen from a twofold point of view.1
A magnetoencephalography study of cortical plasticity

Abstract An 18-year-old left-handed female with a large left hemisphere arteriovenous malformation in the frontoparietal region underwent brain mapping of the somatosensory cortex using a whole-head neuromagnetometer. Results indicated the presence of two complete somatosensory maps in the unaffected, right hemisphere. A map of contralateral body surface areas was found in the expected location in the anterior parietal lobe. A second map of ipsilateral body surface areas was found inferior to the first, extending from the inferior parietal lobe into peri-insular cortex, including SII. A less topographically organized map of the right side of the body was also found in the left hemisphere. Evoked magnetic flux components associated with right-sided stimulation occurred earlier, were more numerous, and were stronger in the ipsilateral as compared to the contralateral hemisphere, suggesting that the ipsilateral map is functional. These findings are discussed in relationship to other functional imaging studie...
Chronic beryllium disease and glutathione biosynthesis genes

Objective:Because glutathione (GSH) has been reported to be increased in chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and is associated with immune modulation, associations between CBD and gene polymorphisms of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis, glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL), were investigated. Glutama
Encoding uniqueness and the imagery mnemonic in associative learning

Subjects generated and wrote descriptions of interactive images for triplets of concrete nouns. This was followed by a surprise cued recognition or cued recall test. Uniqueness of the imagined relationship between the cues and the other items was operationally defined and shown to be very highly correlated with memory performance. Uniqueness may be the critical component of the bizarreness prescribed in the ancient imagery mnemonics.