cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Test of General Strain Theory on Police Officers’ Turnover Intention

Contrary to extensive empirical tests of Agnew’s (Criminology, 30, 47–87, 1992) general strain theory (GST), little research has been applied to explaining organizational behaviors. Employing data from South Korean police officers, this study examined the relationship between police officers’ occupational strain and their turnover intention. More specifically, the current study investigated the mediating effects of negative emotions on the relationship between occupational strain and intention to resign, as well as the buffering effects of social support on the pathways linking strain, negative emotions, and turnover intention. Overall, the findings indicated that GST’s core propositions can be applied to a police occupational setting. Two of the three types of negative emotions had significant mediating effects on the linkage between strain and turnover intention as a non-deviant coping behavior. Furthermore, the results also provided partial support for the moderating role of social support, as GST posited. Theoretical and policy implication are also discussed.
The role of tissue engineering in wound care.

An update on the most recent developments and treatments in tissue engineering with recommendations and considerations for practice.
Pharmacotherapy for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) represent a continuum of a clinical syndrome of respiratory failure due to refractory hypoxia. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is differentiated from ALI by a greater degree of hypoxemia and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. The mortality for ARDS ranges from 22-41%, with survivors usually requiring long-term rehabilitation to regain normal physiologic function. Numerous pharmacologic therapies have been studied for prevention and treatment of ARDS; however, studies demonstrating clear clinical benefit for ARDS-related mortality and morbidity are limited. In this focused review, controversial pharmacologic therapies that have demonstrated, at minimum, a modest clinical benefit are discussed. Three pharmacologic treatment strategies are reviewed in detail: corticosteroids, fluid management, and neuromuscular blocking agents. Use of corticosteroids to attenuate inflammation remains controversial. Available evidence does not support early administration of corticosteroids. Additionally, administration after 14 days of disease onset is strongly discouraged. A liberal fluid strategy during the early phase of comorbid septic shock, balanced with a conservative fluid strategy in patients with ALI or ARDS during the postresuscitation phase, is the optimum approach for fluid management. Available evidence supports an early, short course of continuous-infusion cisatracurium in patients presenting with severe ARDS. Evidence of safe and effective pharmacologic therapies for ARDS is limited, and clinicians must be knowledgeable about the areas of controversies to determine application to patient care.
Thermodynamics of the lipase-catalyzed transesterification of (−)-menthol and dodecyl dodecanoate in organic solvents

Abstract The thermodynamics of the lipase-catalyzed transesterification reaction (−)-menthol(sln)+dodecyl dodecanoate(sln)=(−)-menthyl dodecanoate(sln)+1-dodecanol(sln) have been studied. Equilibrium measurements were performed as a function of temperature with n-heptane, toluene and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane as solvents. The results of the equilibrium measurements were used to calculate the standard molar Gibbs energy ΔrGmo, enthalpy ΔrHmo and entropy ΔrSmo changes for the above reaction in these three solvents at the temperature T=298.15 K. The values of the ΔrGmo and ΔrHmo in these solvents ranged, respectively, from 1.5 to 2.6 kJ mol−1 and from 0.2 to 4.0 kJ mol−1. The (hexane+water) partition coefficients of the reactants and products were also determined at T=298.15 K. A thermochemical cycle calculation was then used to calculate a value for the equilibrium constant K=(2.4±0.7)×10−3 and ΔrGmo=(14.9±0.7) kJ mol−1 for the above reaction in water. However, the average value of the equilibrium constant for reaction (1) in the organic solvents is remarkably constant, namely 〈K〉=0.372 (estimated standard deviation of the mean=0.014). Thus, the thermodynamics of this reaction in water are substantially different than in the organic solvents studied herein.
Thermoelastic constitutive modeling of irradiated polymer composites with matrix property change and fiber/matrix debonding

Abstract In this paper, thermoelastic models are presented for the evaluation of the constitutive response of irradiated fiber-reinforced polymer composites with change in the fiber and matrix properties and fiber/matrix interfacial debonding. These models are based upon thermodynamic considerations involving Helmholtz and Gibbs free energies and micromechanical stress and strain fields associated with the fiber and matrix materials. The proposed union between the energy functions and micromechanics provides a unifying framework that can deal with the potential property changes in the fibers and matrix and at the fibre/matrix interface. The results for a typical graphite/epoxy polymer composite system show reasonable trends when compared with the available experimental data for primary elastic constants. The parametric study for all the principal elastic constants involving matrix stiffening, softening and fiber/matrix interfacial debonding exhibit a number of interesting results. A significant influence of interfacial fiber/matrix debonding on the matrix-dominated material properties, such as (E2)cr and (G66)cr, has also been noted.
An integrative approach to reliability analysis of an IEC 61850 digital substation

This paper focuses on the reliability evaluation of modern substation automation systems. Such systems include both physical devices such as lines, breakers, and transformers, as well as cyber devices (switches, intelligent electronic devices, and cables) and belong to a broader class of cyber-physical systems. We assume that the substation utilizes IEC 61850 standard, which is a dominant standard for substation automation. Focusing on IEC 61850 standard, we present the failure modes and analyze their effects on the system. We utilize reliability block diagrams for analyzing the reliability of substation components (bay units) and then use the state space approach to study the effects at the substation level. The results of our analysis provide critical input to evaluating the reliability of the substation and the effects of substation failures to the rest of the power system.
INTERMAX: A program for orthogonal analytical rotation by the intermax criterion

In this paper, we describe a FORTRAN IV program, INTERMAX, that performs the intermax rotation of or­ thogonal factor structure matrices. Furthermore, the pro­ gram enables newstatistical tests for the number of fac­ tors, the presence of simple structure, the communality of a variable, the eigenvalue of a rotated factor, and the significance of a rotated loading.
Simple General Analysis of Amplifier Devices with Emritter, Control, and Collector Functions

The comparative signal amplifying capabilities of lumped solid-state and vacuum tube devices of the emitter-control-collector type are described in a very simple, yet general, manner in terms of charge control, charge storage, and charge motion. The emitter-collector charge transit time is shown to be a ubiquitous physical parameter determining current, voltage, and power amplifications and their bandwidth products. Also of central importance is a characteristic capacitance that describes the capability of the inter-electrode space to store mobile charge. The unipolar and analog transistors, the grid-controlled vacuum tube, and the beam deflection tube all have characteristic capacitances approximately equal to their electrode geometrical capacitances. The bipolar transistor holds an advantage over the other solid-state devices because it can have a larger characteristic capacitance. This advantage also holds against the vacuum tube devices, but is tempered by the fact that the latter can have much larger carrier drift velocities. For the solid-state devices it is emphasized that the saturated carrier drift velocity is sometimes a better indication of material merit than carrier mobility. Ultra-high frequency performance of the solid-state devices requires some combination of microscopic dimensions, improved materials, or charge multiplication.
Interaction of picornavirus 2C polypeptide with the viral negative-strand RNA

The picornavirus membrane-associated polypeptide 2C is believed to be required for viral RNA synthesis. Hepatitis A virus (HAV)- and human rhinovirus (HRV)-encoded recombinant 2C proteins have been expressed, purified and examined for their ability to interact with the terminal sequences of viral positive- and negative-strand RNAs. The results demonstrate that both the HAV- and the HRV-encoded 2C polypeptide specifically interact with the 3′-terminal sequences of the negative-strand RNA, but not with the complementary sequences at the 5′ terminus of the positive-strand RNA. This interaction was detected by both mobility gel shift and UV cross-linking assays. Furthermore, complex formation exhibited dose-dependency and competition assays confirmed specificity. These results are consistent with our previous observation using the poliovirus 2C protein. The implication of the picornavirus 2C protein binding to the 3′-terminal sequence of the negative-strand untranslated region in viral RNA synthesis is discussed.
Adverse Events in Pediatric Patients Receiving Long-Term Outpatient Antimicrobials.

Background. Although long treatment courses of outpatient antimicrobials are often used in pediatric patients, few data exist regarding the frequency of adverse events (AEs) associated with these medications. Methods. We performed a retrospective cohort study of all patients seen in the Infectious Diseases clinic at a tertiary referral children’s hospital from August 1, 2009 to August 1, 2011. We included patients who received 14 days of oral or intravenous antibiotic, antiviral, or antifungal medications. Patients receiving only prophylactic medications or human immunodeficiency virus treatment were excluded. Results. Three hundred thirty-five subjects met inclusion criteria, with a median age of 7.4 years at start of therapy. The cohort was predominantly male (60%), white (54%), and previously healthy (59%). A majority (88.4%) of subjects were treated for bacterial infections. β-Lactam agents were the most commonly used antimicrobial class (210 subjects; 62.7%), followed by clindamycin (86; 25.7%), rifampin (76; 22.7%), and vancomycin (62; 18.5%). Overall, 107 (31.9%) subjects experienced 151 distinct AEs. The most common individual AE noted was diarrhea (44; 29.1% of all AEs). Serious AEs developed in 42 (12.5%) subjects, including allergic reactions (15; 11.3% of all AEs), venous catheter-related complications (14; 13.0% of those with catheters), neutropenia (9; 3.0%), renal insufficiency (7; 2.5%), and hepatotoxicity (3; 1.1%). Rates of AEs were similar between those on oral and intravenous antimicrobials. Conclusions. In our study population, patients on prolonged oral or intravenous outpatient antimicrobials experienced AEs frequently. These findings support the need for close monitoring of pediatric patients on prolonged antimicrobial therapy and vigilance for unwanted effects of these medications.
The time cost of food at home: general and food stamp participant profiles

Little is known about the cost of time in food preparation at home. Yet, this economic variable is a common thread running through recent concerns about obesity and the Food Stamp (FS) program. This article provides initial estimates of the time cost in food preparation at home for the United States. Two standard methods of estimation are implemented and three demographic profiles are considered: (i) the general population, (ii) the typical FS participant and (iii) the typical FS participant following the United States Department of Agriculture Thrifty Food Plan. For the general population and averaging across methods, the time cost share of total food cost is about 30% if the individual works in the market and at home, but it is about 49% if the individual does not work in the market. For the typical FS participant, especially one following the Thrifty Food plan, the time cost share of total food cost can be as much as 26% higher than the general population. These substantial percentages provide strong i...
Genome Editing of a CArG Element in the Mouse Genome Establishes its Role in Gene Expression

In the February issue, Han et al1 present the use of a novel clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated 9 (Cas9) method to inactivate the calponin-1 gene involved in smooth muscle contraction, by introducing a knockin mutation to cleanly disrupt a CC(A/T)6GG (CArG) element in the first intron of the gene. Previous work by the group had suggested a critical role of the CArG element in calponin-1 gene expression in both humans and mice.2 Here, the authors injected the components of CRISPR-Cas9—an mRNA for the Cas9 endonuclease, a guide RNA containing the 20-nucleotide sequence matching the sequence of the CArG element, and a 135-nucleotide single-strand DNA oligonucleotide overlapping the CArG element and containing the desired knockin mutation—into the cytoplasm of fertilized mouse eggs (Figure). This resulted in stable incorporation of the CArG knockin mutation into the genome in some of the eggs. After …
Induction of pulmonary neoplasia in the smoke-exposed ferret by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK): A model for human lung cancer

Research into dietary chemoprevention against lung carcinogenesis has been limited by the lack of appropriate animal models that closely mimic smoking-related human lung cancer. Ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) have been used to study the biologic activities of carotenoids against smoke-induced lung lesions, but this model has yet to be thoroughly established and validated. To determine the appropriateness of the ferret as a model for human lung cancer, we have performed a 6-month in vivo study in ferrets exposed to both tobacco smoke and a carcinogen (4-(N-methyl-N-nitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, NNK) found in cigarette smoke. Results showed that six out 12 ferrets exposed to both NNK injection and cigarette smoke developed grossly identifiable lung tumors whereas none of nine ferrets from the sham treatment group developed any lung lesions. The histopathological types of these tumors (squamous cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma) in ferret lungs are very similar to those in humans. In addition, 10 out of 12 ferrets exposed to both NNK and cigarette smoke developed preneoplastic lesions (squamous metaplasia, dysplasia, and atypical adenomatous hyperplasia) with complex growth patterns whereas the sham group did not show any of these lesions. Furthermore, the expression of proliferating cellular nuclear antigen increased markedly in both gross tumors and preneoplastic lesions in the lungs. In summary, the development of both preneoplastic lesions and gross lung tumors in ferrets provides an excellent and unique model for studying lung cancer chemoprevention with agents such as carotenoids, and for studying the molecular mechanism of carcinogenesis in the earlier stages of smoke-related lung cancer.
Electronic structure and spectra of (Cu2O)n–H2O complexes

Density functional theory calculations have been employed to determine optimized geometries for different (Cu2O)n clusters for n = 1 to 6, 12 and 18. The results show the formation of (Cu2O)n rings for n ≥ 2, while (Cu2O)n nanobarrels have been determined for n = 12 and for n = 18. Adsorption of H2O on the (Cu2O)n clusters occurs preferentially by interaction of the water O with outer Cu atoms. Absorption spectra calculated by time dependent density functional theory show that in all cases charge-transfer excitations from occupied orbitals of the (Cu2O)n cluster to a Rydberg orbital of H2O contribute to the character of the singlet excited states calculated at energies starting at about 2.6 eV, with increasing contribution found at higher excitation energies. Configuration interaction calculations on selected (Cu2O)n-H2O complexes determine charge-transfer excitations to contribute significantly to excited states lying at 4.6-6.2 eV above the ground state.
Inhibition of Transmitter Release Correlates with the Proteolytic Activity of Tetanus Toxin and Botulinus Toxin A in Individual Cultured Synapses of Hirudo medicinalis

We have studied the effects of tetanus toxin and botulinus toxin A on neurotransmitter release in the Retzius→P-cell synapse of the leech and exploited the unique properties of this system, which allow for combined physiological and biochemical analyses in single-cell pairs. The sequences of Hirudo medicinalis synaptobrevin and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25), deduced by cDNA cloning, are 61 and 55% identical, respectively, to their corresponding mammalian homologs. Whereas Hirudo synaptobrevin is proteolyzed by tetanus toxin, its SNAP-25 isoform is resistant to botulinus toxin A cleavage because of amino acid substitutions within and around the putative cleavage site. In close correlation, microinjection of tetanus toxin into the presynaptic neuron produced a block of transmitter release, whereas botulinus toxin A had no effect on synaptic transmission. Subsequent immunoblotting of single-cell pairs demonstrated directly that the tetanus toxin-mediated block of exocytosis is accompanied by cleavage of synaptobrevin in the injected neuron, resulting in the generation of a detectable C-terminal cleavage product. Immunoblotting also confirmed the resistance of SNAP-25 to botulinus toxin A cleavage in vivo . Using recombinant proteins, we show that the N-terminal fragment of synaptobrevin released by tetanus toxin, but not its C-terminal membrane-anchored cleavage product, participates with syntaxin and SNAP-25 in synaptic SNAP receptor (SNARE) ternary complex formation in Hirudo . Our data demonstrate a direct correlation between the inhibition of transmitter release and the ability of the neurotoxin to proteolyze its target protein and support the view that SNARE ternary complex formation is an important step leading to synaptic vesicle exocytosis.
Making Reliable Shear‐Wave Splitting Measurements

Shear-wave splitting (SWS) analysis using SKS, SKKS, and PKS (here- after collectively called XKS) phases is one of the most commonly used techniques in structural seismology. In spite of the apparent simplicity in performing SWS measure- ments, large discrepancies in published SWS parameters (fast direction and splitting time) suggest that a significant portion of splitting parameters has been incorrectly determined. Here, based on the popularly used minimization of transverse energy technique, we present a procedure that combines automatic data processing and care- ful manual screening, which includes adjusting the XKS window used for splitting analysis, modifying band-pass filtering corner frequencies, and verifying and (if nec- essary) changing the quality ranking of the measurements. Using real and synthetic data, we discuss causes and diagnostics of a number of common problems in perform- ing SWS analysis, and suggest possible remedies. Those problems include noise in the XKS window being mistaken as signal, non-XKS seismic arrivals in the XKS window, excessive use of null ranking, measurements from misoriented sensors and from sen- sors with mechanical problems, and inappropriate dismissal of usable measurements.
Modeling CO 2 Concentrations in Vehicle Cabin

Passengers are exposed to roadway pollutants due to entrainment of outside air into the vehicle cabin. Previous works found cabin air-recirculation can reduce pollutant particle concentrations significantly. However simultaneous increase of CO2 concentrations in the cabin prevented wide use of recirculation mode for such purpose. A mathematical model was developed to predict CO2 concentrations in vehicle cabin air during air-recirculation mode. The model predicts temporal CO2 concentration changes as a function of cabin volume, vehicle body leakage, and number of passengers. This model can be used to design and control airrecirculation mode for a variety of vehicle conditions.
Alerting, Orienting, and Executive Attention: Developmental Properties and Sociodemographic Correlates in an Epidemiological Sample of Young, Urban Children

A computerized test of preparedness for effortful processing (alerting attention), response to orienting cues (orienting attention), and response to the interference of competing demands (executive attention) was administered to a diverse sample of 249 children (47% female, 4.96 to 7.27 years) to assess developmental properties and sociodemographic correlates of task performance. Older children and socially advantaged children demonstrated greater proficiency in overall accuracy and speed of responding. Boys and socially advantaged children improved more in response to alerting cues. Older children improved more in response to orienting cues. Older children, socially advantaged children, African American, and Hispanic children resisted the interference of competing demands better. Findings are discussed in the context of developmental and sociodemographic factors relevant to attention and executive functions.
Association of subclinical atherosclerosis using carotid intima-media thickness, carotid plaque, and coronary calcium score with left ventricular dyssynchrony: The multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Abstract Background The role of atherosclerosis in the progression of global left ventricular dysfunction and cardiovascular events has been well recognized. Left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony is a measure of regional myocardial dysfunction. Our objective was to investigate the relationship of subclinical atherosclerosis with mechanical LV dyssynchrony in a population-based asymptomatic multi-ethnic cohort. Methods and Results Participants of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) at exam 5 were evaluated using 1.5T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, carotid ultrasound (n = 2062) for common carotid artery (CCA) and internal carotid artery (ICA) intima-media thickness (IMT), and cardiac computed tomography (n = 2039) for coronary artery calcium (CAC) assessment (Agatston method). Dyssynchrony indices were defined as the standard deviation of time to peak systolic circumferential strain (SD-TPS) and the difference between maximum and minimum (max-min) time to peak strain using harmonic phase imaging in 12 segments (3-slices × 4 segments). Multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations after adjusting for participant demographics, cardiovascular risk factors, LV mass, and ejection fraction. In multivariable analyses, SD-TPS was significantly related to measures of atherosclerosis, including CCA-IMT (8.7 ms/mm change in IMT, p = 0.020), ICA-IMT (19.2 ms/mm change in IMT, p Conclusion In the MESA cohort, measures of atherosclerosis are associated with parameters of subclinical LV dyssynchrony in the absence of clinical coronary event and left-bundle-branch block.
Leaf age effects of elevated CO2‐grown white oak leaves on spring‐feeding lepidopterans

Folivorous insect responses to elevated CO2-grown tree species may be complicated by phytochemical changes as leaves age. For example, young expanding leaves in tree species may be less affected by enriched CO2-alterations in leaf phytochemistry than older mature leaves due to shorter exposure times to elevated CO2 atmospheres. This, in turn, could result in different effects on early vs. late instar larvae of herbivorous insects. To address this, seedlings of white oak (Quercus alba L.), grown in open-top chambers under ambient and elevated CO2, were fed to two important early spring feeding herbivores; gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.), and forest tent caterpillar (Malacosoma disstria Hubner). Young, expanding leaves were presented to early instar larvae, and older fully expanded or mature leaves to late instar larvae. Young leaves had significantly lower leaf nitrogen content and significantly higher total nonstructural carbohydrate:nitrogen ratio as plant CO2 concentration rose, while nonstructural carbo- hydrates and total carbon-based phenolics were unaffected by plant CO2 treatment. These phytochemical changes contributed to a significant reduction in the growth rate of early instar gypsy moth larvae, while growth rates of forest tent caterpillar were unaffected. The differences in insect responses were attributed to an increase in the nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUE) of early instar forest tent caterpillar larvae feeding on elevated CO2-grown leaves, while early instar gypsy moth larval NUE remained unchanged among the treatments. Later instar larvae of both insect species experienced larger reductions in foliage quality on elevated CO2-grown leaves than earlier instars, as the carbohydrate:nitrogen ratio of leaves substantially increased. Despite this, neither insect species exhibited changes in growth or consumption rates between CO2 treatments in the later instar. An increase in NUE was apparently responsible for offsetting reduced foliar nitrogen for the late instar larvae of both species.
Post-Archean biogeochemical cycles and long-term episodicity in tectonic processes

Long-term interactions between increasing and decreasing secular trends in Earth evolution have produced a geologic record of steady-state equilibrium that is punctuated by nonrecurring events and variations in Earth9s endogenic heat loss decipherable as ∼0.5-b.y. cycles in orogeny, rift magmatism, and platform sedimentation. A detailed record for the past 0.6 b.y. has permitted construction and testing of a heat-driven model of plate-tectonic episodicity that reproduces major tectonic, biogeochemical, and isotopic trends for the Phanerozoic. Application to the Proterozoic record reveals clues on the relationship of tectonic processes to the life-mediated history of Earth9s atmosphere, hydrosphere, and crust.
Electroweak precision constraints on the electroweak-scale right-handed neutrino model

Abstract A model of electroweak-scale right-handed neutrino ( EW ν R ) model was constructed five years ago in which the right-handed neutrinos are members of mirror fermion weak doublets and where the Majorana masses of the right-handed neutrinos are found to be naturally of the order of the electroweak scale. These features facilitate their searches at the LHC through signals such as like-sign dilepton events. This model contains, in addition to the mirror quarks and leptons, extra scalars transforming as weak triplets. In this paper, we study the constraints imposed on these additional particles by the electroweak precision parameters S, T, and U. These constraints are crucial in determining the viability of the electroweak ν R model and the allowed parameter space needed for a detailed phenomenology of the model.
Evaluation of Degradable Spun-Melt 100% Polylactic Acid Nonwoven Mulch Materials in a Greenhouse Environment

The tendency of most commercially available plastic agricultural mulches to undergo only partial fragmentation with time leads to their long-term persistence in soil, resulting in potentially detrimental environmental hazards. Nonwovens composed of biobased polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with micron-sized fibers may be potentially valuable for agricultural mulches due to their high mechanical strength and potential ability to undergo complete mineralization. To assess the performance of 100% PLA spunbond (SB) and meltblown (MB) mulches, and commercially available cellulosic mulch, a greenhouse bench study was conducted where the mulches were buried in soil augmented with either lime or compost for 10 and 29 wk to accelerate biodegradation and mineralization. At 10 and 29 wk, MB and SB mulches, respectively, lost considerable mechanical strength for all soil treatments while showing only minimal signs of loss in molecular weight.
An Immediate Dose-dependent Metabolic Effect of Ultra-violet Irradiation

The inhibition of formate metabolism was found to be exponentially dose- dependent in Escberichia coli exposed to ultraviolet radiation. Data are presented graphically and results are discussed. (C.H.)
Intuitive Preference Aggregation: Tests of Independence and Consistency

Stanford students were shown hypothetical preference profiles involving 3 to 5 voters and 2 to 6 alternatives. Profiles were constructed to test subjects' adherence to two related social choice criteria implicated in Arrow's impossibility theorem: inter-menu consistency (IMC) – which is a consequence of the collective rationality assumption – and independence of irrelevant alternatives (IIA). Subjects violated both IMC and IIA in strong numbers, and robustly across presentation methods. The results suggest that IMC and IIA are not intuitively fair principles according to these subjects. A weaker principle which is consistent with many of Arrow's philosophical justifications for IIA and IMC is defined as 'independence of unavailable alternatives' (IUA). A majority of subjects adhere to IUA in evaluating an example that yields strong violations of both IMC and IIA, but the effect is sensitive to presentation. Other principles characterizing subjects' revealed social preferences are described.
Drosophila Cbp53E Regulates Axon Growth at the Neuromuscular Junction.

Calcium is a primary second messenger in all cells that functions in processes ranging from cellular proliferation to synaptic transmission. Proper regulation of calcium is achieved through numerous mechanisms involving channels, sensors, and buffers notably containing one or more EF-hand calcium binding domains. The Drosophila genome encodes only a single 6 EF-hand domain containing protein, Cbp53E, which is likely the prototypic member of a small family of related mammalian proteins that act as calcium buffers and calcium sensors. Like the mammalian homologs, Cbp53E is broadly though discretely expressed throughout the nervous system. Despite the importance of calcium in neuronal function and growth, nothing is known about Cbp53E’s function in neuronal development. To address this deficiency, we generated novel null alleles of Drosophila Cbp53E and examined neuronal development at the well-characterized larval neuromuscular junction. Loss of Cbp53E resulted in increases in axonal branching at both peptidergic and glutamatergic neuronal terminals. This overgrowth could be completely rescued by expression of exogenous Cbp53E. Overexpression of Cbp53E, however, only affected the growth of peptidergic neuronal processes. These findings indicate that Cbp53E plays a significant role in neuronal growth and suggest that it may function in both local synaptic and global cellular mechanisms.
Structural Analyses of Fluorine-Doped Silicon Dioxide Dielectric Thin Films by Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Fluorine-doped silicon dioxide, a dielectric material compatible with copper integration, has received considerable attention for applications requiring a k value in the 3.5 to 4.0 range. Given the influence of structure on desired properties, convenient experimental structural probes of this type of material are of widespread interest. This work focuses on Raman spectroscopic analyses of ring defects in fluorine-doped silicon dioxide films prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) as well as high density plasma methods (HDP). These measurements are complemented by ab initio computational simulations of the ring defects in these films and the impact of nearby fluorine on their stability. The impact of aging on these structures and correlations of observed trends with experimental techniques such as X-ray fluorescence are also described.
VALIDATION OF THE ATHEROSCLEROTIC CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE (ASCVD) POOLED COHORT RISK EQUATIONS BY EDUCATION LEVEL: THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNITIES (ARIC) STUDY

The Pooled Cohort risk equations were developed to estimate 10-year ASCVD risk and guide prevention measures. Socio-economic (SES) factors such as education are known independent risk factors for ASCVD. We assessed the calibration of the Pooled Cohort risk equations across different education levels
Interspecific and Temporal Dietary Variation in an Arizona Bat Community

Variation in the frequencies of occurrence of arthropod prey taxa in dietary samples collected from nine syntopic species of vespertilionid bats was quantitatively examined. Interspecific variation in the utilization of coleopterans and hemipterans was found. Myotis leibii, M. lucifugus, M. evotis, M. thysanodes, Lasionycteris noctivagans , and Eptesicus fuscus frequently consume beetles and M. volans, Idionycteris phyllotis , and Lasiurus cinereus do not. Among-species variation in the utilization of hemipterans is the result of a high frequency of occurrence in samples from L. noctivagans contrasting with low frequencies in samples from the remaining eight species. Temporal heterogeneity was found in the frequencies of five prey taxa (coleopterans, hemipterans, neuropterans, hymenopterans, and homopterans) in the dietary samples. Among-months variation in the frequencies of hemipterans and beetles appears to be due, at least in part, to sampling bias. Neuropterans and hymenopterans occurred more frequently in samples from 1980 than in samples from 1979, while temporal variation in the utilization of homopterans appears to be the result of relatively heavy exploitation of this prey taxon on a single night.
Analysis of thermoelectric and thermomechanical effects in MOSFETs

As the dimensions of transistors continue to shrink, the effect of self-heating becomes more pronounced. With such downscaling, the thermal conductivity of ultra-thin body transistors causes considerable change in electrical and mechanical properties of the device. This paper investigates the thermo-electric and the thermo-mechanical effects of stresses and strains in MOSFETs. Nanoscale device dimensions and complicated device geometries coupled with novel but thermally insulating materials build up a stress along the channel and drain of the MOSFET. The stress and strain in these thin refractory layers affect the mobility of the carriers and the drain current. Here an analysis of the impacts of stress and strain on the electrical performance of MOSFETs is presented.
Markov processes: Estimation in the undersampled regime

We observe a length-n sample generated by an unknown, stationary ergodic Markov process (model) over a finite alphabet A. In this paper, we do not assume any bound on the memory of the source, nor do we assume that the source is rapidly mixing. Rather we consider a class Md of all Markov sources where for all i ∈ ℕ, the mutual information between bits i apart, conditioned on all bits in between, is bounded by log(1 + d(i)). Given any string w of symbols from A and an unknown source in Md, we want estimates of the conditional probability distribution of symbols following w (model parameters), as well as the stationary probability of w. In this setting, we can only have estimators of model parameters converge to the underlying truth in a pointwise sense over Md. However, can we look at a length-n sample and identify if an estimate is likely to be accurate? In this paper we specifically address the case where d(i) diminishes exponentially with i. Since the memory is unknown a-priori, a natural approach is to estimate a potentially coarser model with memory kn = O(log n). As n grows, estimates get refined and this approach is consistent with the above scaling of kn also known to be essentially optimal. But while effective asymptotically, the situation is quite different when we want the best answers possible with a length-n sample, rather than just consistency. Combining results in universal compression with Aldous' coupling arguments, we obtain sufficient conditions on the length-n sample (even for slow mixing models) to identify when naive (i) estimates of the model parameters and (ii) estimates related to the stationary probabilities are accurate; and also bound the deviations of the naive estimates from true values.
Enhanced prediction correctness of Smartphone dictionary via addition of application awareness

This paper describes the mechanism of addition of smartphone application awareness in the dictionary software. In this method, the environment parameters and the applications running on the smartphone are linked together to provide better benefits in the dictionary learning process. Also, the system wide recommendation provided by dictionary may mislead the user to type the words and hence it is important to add the application awareness in the dictionary software as this software is shared among all other applications which use the virtual keyboard interface. This additional awareness helps dictionary software to lean the inputs easier that the normal dictionary learning works. This method optimizes the Smartphone dictionary heuristic word suggestion mechanism as each application has its own heat value maintained for word recommendation from key strokes on virtual keyboard.
Varieties of Propositionalism: Lennox, Austen, Godwin

An important feature of Fielding’s theory is that it prioritizes knowledge of the propositional type. The lessons he expects readers to derive from Joseph Andrews and Tom Jones are in many ways the cautionary statements of the Essay on the Knowledge of the Characters of Men: “A sour, morose, ill-natured, censorious Sanctity, never is, nor can be sincere”; or, “A Man whom we once knew to be a Villain remains a Villain still”; or, “[Slanderers] are generally impartial in their Abuse.”
Stability Analysis of Non-Foster Circuit Using Normalized Determinant Function

Non-Foster elements are highly desired to overcome the bandwidth limit of electrically small antennas, cloaking, and metamaterials. However, they are prone to be unstable and thus it is quite challenging to implement non-Foster circuits in practice. Hence a rigorous and effective method of analyzing the stability should always be the priority when designing a non-Foster network. This paper applies normalized determinant function to analyze the stability of non-Foster circuits. A floating-version negative capacitor based on Linvill’s negative impedance converter is taken as the example. Factors affecting the stability in the practical design are thoroughly investigated, including device parasitics, dc biasing, distributed transmission line in the layout and load impedance. Circuit parameters are substituted with practical values to reduce the complexity of calculation. Finally, experiments are conducted to verify the analysis.
Abstract 424: Fish Oils Reduce the Risk of Stroke in Patients with Hypertension

BACKGROUND: Hypertension (HTN) is a major cause of stroke. Previous studies showed evidence that long term fish oil consumption can prevent stroke in men but it has not been thoroughly investigated in patients with HTN. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in HTN patients consuming fish oils. METHODS Medical records of HTN patients were retrieved randomly from two hospital based cardiology outpatient clinics. The prevalence of stroke/TIA was investigated in patients with and without taking fish oils and the compliance of fish oil intake was further investigated by a follow-up survey. The use of anticoagulant agents, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and beta-blockers (BB) was also compared between two groups. RESULTS After taking fish oils (2±1 g) daily for a median duration of 4 yrs (95% CI: 3, 5 yrs) none of HTN patients in the fish oil group developed stroke/TIA whereas events of stroke/TIA occurred in 8% of HTN patients in the non-fish oil group (Table 1). No difference was found in the concomitant use of ACE, ARBs and BB in the two groups and the effect of fish oil was not influenced by anticoagulants. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that long term fish oil consumption can reduce the risk of stroke in patients with hypertension. This simple approach may help reduce the healthcare burden and improve the quality of life by preventing stroke in patients with hypertension.
Effect of Sorted Metallic and Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes on LiFePO 4 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Type sorted metallic (m) and semiconducting (s) single-walled carbon nanotubes (xSWNT) are incorporated into carbon coated LiFePO4 (cLFP) cathodes to study their effects on charging time and energy capacity. The SWNTs form a 3D conductive network which is expected to enhance the electronic mobility through percolation. Comparison tests show that the cLFP/mSWNTs cathode material delivers a slightly faster charging time than batteries made using sSWNTs. Conversely, the energy capacity is found to be higher for batteries made using sSWNTs than for those made using mSWNTs. Both battery types exhibit good cycle stability performance relative to each other.
Inhibition of CD147 (Cluster of Differentiation 147) Ameliorates Acute Ischemic Stroke in Mice by Reducing Thromboinflammation

Background and Purpose— Inflammation and thrombosis currently are recognized as critical contributors to the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke. CD147 (cluster of differentiation 147), also known as extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, can function as a key mediator of inflammatory and immune responses. CD147 expression is increased in the brain after cerebral ischemia, but its role in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke remains unknown. In this study, we show that CD147 acts as a key player in ischemic stroke by driving thrombotic and inflammatory responses. Methods— Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in C57BL/6 mice by a 60-minute transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Animals were treated with anti-CD147 function–blocking antibody (αCD147) or isotype control antibody. Blood–brain barrier permeability, thrombus formation, and microvascular patency were assessed 24 hours after ischemia. Infarct size, neurological deficits, and inflammatory cells invaded in the brain were assessed 72 hours after ischemia. Results— CD147 expression was rapidly increased in ischemic brain endothelium after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. Inhibition of CD147 reduced infarct size and improved functional outcome on day 3 after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. The neuroprotective effects were associated with (1) prevented blood–brain barrier damage, (2) decreased intravascular fibrin and platelet deposition, which in turn reduced thrombosis and increased cerebral perfusion, and (3) reduced brain inflammatory cell infiltration. The underlying mechanism may include reduced NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) activation, MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) activity, and PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells. Conclusions— Inhibition of CD147 ameliorates acute ischemic stroke by reducing thromboinflammation. CD147 might represent a novel and promising therapeutic target for ischemic stroke and possibly other thromboinflammatory disorders.
Kant After Marx

While there are many points of opposition between the political philosophies of Marx and Kant, the two can greatly benefit from one another in various ways. Bringing the ideas of Marx and Kant together offers a promising way forward for each view. Most significantly, a powerful critique of capitalism can be developed from their combined thought: Kant’s political philosophy offers a robust idea of freedom to ground this critique, while Marx provides the nuanced understanding of social and political power structures under capitalism that allows this idea of freedom to be properly applied.
Creating a Buzz: Insect Outbreaks and Disturbance Interactions

Dendroentochronology is the study of insect outbreaks as recorded in tree rings. This type of research has been going on in earnest since the 1950s but the number of publications has rapidly increased from the 1980s to the present. Most of the work has been completed in Canada and the United States with some important work in Europe and Asia. Insect outbreak studies have been conducted in Australasia and more recently in South America, but very little work has been done in Africa. From tree-ring research on insect outbreaks we have been able to document the outbreak dynamics of more than 20 species of insect around the world. Insects can be grouped into three classes based on their impacts on trees: defoliators, cambium feeders, and root parasites. Using tree rings, we have been able to document periodic occurrences of insect outbreaks, their effects on the volume of wood production, climatic triggers to outbreaks, and the spread of insect outbreaks across landscapes over decades to more than a millenium. Dendrochronologists are now exploring the interactions of multiple insect outbreak systems and their interactions with fire and weather phenomena. From this work, we can see that the cumulative effects of multiple disturbances can be greater than the individual effects and that one disturbance can hinder or enhance a different type of disturbance. Overall, dendroentochronologists have been able to demonstrate the important role of disturbances in natural systems and provide important insight into the management of these ecosystems.
Abstract IA14: Lessons from modeling neural tumors in mice

We have used genetically engineered mouse models to study GBM. In particular, through mutation of glioma relevant genes (P53; Pten; Nf1) we have examined the scope of the cell of origin for these tumors. We find that as cells in the adult neural stem cell lineage progress, their capacity to undergo glioma formation is largely compromised though cellular phenotypes arise as a consequence of mutation. We find that in the subventricular zone, only quiescent stem cells and early progenitors can readily form GBM following mutation. Our search for additional cells of origin has further identified additional source cells for these tumors. GBM can arise from the OPC lineage following the same mutations, and these tumors have a distinct signature that can be identified among the TCGA GBM data sets. Thus the cell of origin is constrained to stem-like cells and tumor characteristics include signatures revealing the lineage of origin. We have further examined the properties of tumor growth and transplantation and find that these tumors grow in hierarchical fashion with a relatively small and quiescent cell population at the apex. These “cancer stem cells” can be identified and isolated. New single-cell sequencing technology promises to reveal many previous secrets from these cells. Understanding how a stem cell transforms into a cancer stem cell may provide novel approaches for therapeutic targeting. Citation Format: Xuan-Hua Xie, Sheila Alcantara, Dan Laks, Yufeng Shi, Luis F. Parada. Lessons from modeling neural tumors in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Advances in Modeling Cancer in Mice: Technology, Biology, and Beyond; 2017 Sep 24-27; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(10 Suppl):Abstract nr IA14.