cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are type A Tendencies in Women Associated with Eating Disorder Pathology

This study explored the hypothesis that, for women, eating disorder pathology represents a gender-specific way in which some aspects of the Type A response style manifest themselves. Participants were 555 college women who completed measures of Type A beliefs and behavior, along with two eating disorder questionnaires. Women scoring in the clinical range on both eating disorder measures had significantly higher scores on the Type A measures than women falling below clinical cutoff scores. Furthermore, women with eating disorder pathology reported significantly greater distress over discrepancies between current and ideal weight as well as current and ideal grade point average. These findings support the hypothesis that women with eating disorder pathology display Type A characteristics, especially perfectionism and achievement-striving, which extend to the realm of physical attractiveness. These data have implications for preventing and treating eating disorders among college women with multiple aspirations for success.
Connected components with split and merge

The split and merge model is a reasonable method for architecture-independent programming of global image processing operations on parallel architectures. The authors consider image connected components from the point of view of this programming model, and develop split and merge algorithms that implement various connected components algorithms that have appeared in the literature. The algorithms are implemented in two architectures independent languages they have developed, namely Apply and Adapt. Performance of the algorithms on the Sun, the Carnegie Mellon Warp, and the Carnegie Mellon Nectar architectures is compared. >
FASB’s Quick Fix for Pension Accounting Is Only First Step

Hidden liabilities, understated expenses, and discretionary management assumptions make pension accounting controversial. Previous accounting standards allowed companies with underfunded pension plans to accumulate pension liabilities off the balance sheet while frequently reporting a net pension asset on the balance sheet. A new standard improves transparency by requiring that the pension’s funded status be reported on the balance sheet. In assessing the impact of the new standard, this study finds that it creates profound reductions in owners’ equity for many U.S.-listed companies. Pension cost smoothing and three primary pension assumptions—the expected rate of return on plan assets, discount rate, and expected rate of increase in employee compensation—continue to be controversial.
Absorption of NH3 on pristine and defected boron nitride nanosheets: A first principle study

Abstract Versatile functional groups can be connected to Boron Nitride nanosheet (BNNS) through Lewis acid/base interaction for targeted applications. However, there have been few experimental reports about Lewis acid attack at the N atoms on BNNS, so far as we see. VdW-DFT is employed in this paper to investigate the interaction between NH 3 representing Lewis base and pristine or defected BNNS. Comparing the binding energy, separation and charge distribution of NH 3 and pristine or defected BNNS systems, the distinctive defect in BNNS is found to be the key role in the absorption progress. Thus, it is supposed that the missing of Lewis acid and BNNS complex can be attributed to the absence of N vacancies and B-edges in BNNS.
Elliptic Tunnel-Wall Corrections on Drag and Stall

The tunnel-wall effects on drag and stall, given by the usual simple corrections, are not adequate when the span-diameter ratio is high or when the spanwise lift distribution varies considerably from elliptical. In order to determine more exact interference corrections, especially for elliptic throat tunnels of closed section, the up wash induced by the tunnel walls on the major axis, due first to the presence of lifting lines of different span lengths and then to the presence of typical wing distributions built up from these lifting lines to simulate actual wings, is computed for a number of wing distributions and spans. All the calculations are for wings whose aspect ratio is eight, and all are based on the constants of the Wright Brothers elliptic throat wind tunnel at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The magnitude of these corrections is found to vary inversely with the taper ratio of the wing, the corrections being less for a highly tapered wing and more for a rectangular wing of the same span and aspect ratio. For those cases where the wing tips lie outside the foci of the throat section, the variation of the induced angle of attack along the span is no longer negligible at high lift coefficients. I ts geometric effect is to cause an apparent washin angle toward the wing tip. The induced drag corrections have minimum values when the wing tips are at or near the foci of the tunnel for all usual lift distributions along the span. As the wing tips approach the tunnel wall, both the induced drag corrections and the angles of apparent washin or of apparent twist increase rapidly.
Public Library Evaluation: A Retrospective on the Evolution of Measurement Systems

This article aims to provide a historical and contemporary perspective on how public libraries establish indicators for measuring success, using the Free Library of Philadelphia as a focus of analysis. From the 1970s though the late 1980s, libraries focused on measuring internal statistics, such as bibliographic resources, to communicate the strength of their collection. Within the past twenty years, libraries have shifted their measurement structures toward outward performance in the communities they serve. The challenge today for libraries such as the Free Library is to establish structured formats for guiding community plans for their particular library and establishing agreed-on measures. Simultaneously, these structures need to incorporate ongoing evaluation methods.
Initial Detection and Molecular Characterization of Namaycush Herpesvirus (Salmonid Herpesvirus 5) in Lake Trout

A novel herpesvirus was found by molecular methods in samples of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush from Lake Erie, Pennsylvania, and Lake Ontario, Keuka Lake, and Lake Otsego, New York. Based on PCR amplification and partial sequencing of polymerase, terminase, and glycoprotein genes, a number of isolates were identified as a novel virus, which we have named Namaycush herpesvirus (NamHV) salmonid herpesvirus 5 (SalHV5). Phylogenetic analyses of three NamHV genes indicated strong clustering with other members of the genus Salmonivirus, placing these isolates into family Alloherpesviridae. The NamHV isolates were identical in the three partially sequenced genes; however, they varied from other salmonid herpesviruses in nucleotide sequence identity. In all three of the genes sequenced, NamHV shared the highest sequence identity with Atlantic Salmon papillomatosis virus (ASPV; SalHV4) isolated from Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar in northern Europe, including northwestern Russia. These results lead one to believe that NamHV and ASPV have a common ancestor that may have made a relatively recent host jump from Atlantic Salmon to Lake Trout or vice versa. Partial nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and ASPV for the polymerase and glycoprotein genes differ by >5% and >10%, respectively. Additional nucleotide sequence comparisons between NamHV and epizootic epitheliotropic disease virus (EEDV/SalHV3) in the terminase, glycoprotein, and polymerase genes differ by >5%, >20%, and >10%, respectively. Thus, NamHV and EEDV may be occupying discrete ecological niches in Lake Trout. Even though NamHV shared the highest genetic identity with ASPV, each of these viruses has a separate host species, which also implies speciation. Additionally, NamHV has been detected over the last 4 years in four separate water bodies across two states, which suggests that NamHV is a distinct, naturally replicating lineage. This, in combination with a divergence in nucleotide sequence from EEDV, indicates that NamHV is a new species in the genus Salmonivirus. Received April 20, 2015; accepted October 11, 2015.
Wavelet-based denoising of the Fourier metric in real-time wavefront correction for single molecule localization microscopy

Wavefront sensorless schemes for correction of aberrations induced by biological specimens require a time invariant property of an image as a measure of fitness. Image intensity cannot be used as a metric for Single Molecule Localization (SML) microscopy because the intensity of blinking fluorophores follows exponential statistics. Therefore a robust intensity-independent metric is required. We previously reported a Fourier Metric (FM) that is relatively intensity independent. The Fourier metric has been successfully tested on two machine learning algorithms, a Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization, for wavefront correction about 50 μm deep inside the Central Nervous System (CNS) of Drosophila. However, since the spatial frequencies that need to be optimized fall into regions of the Optical Transfer Function (OTF) that are more susceptible to noise, adding a level of denoising can improve performance. Here we present wavelet-based approaches to lower the noise level and produce a more consistent metric. We compare performance of different wavelets such as Daubechies, Bi-Orthogonal, and reverse Bi-orthogonal of different degrees and orders for pre-processing of images.
Current modulation by voltage control of the quantum phase in crossed graphene nanoribbons

A relative rotation of 90${}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ between two graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) creates a crossbar with a nanoscale overlap region. Calculations, based on the first principles density functional theory (DFT) and the nonequilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism, show that the electronic states of the individual GNRs of an unbiased crossbar are decoupled from each other similar to the decoupling that occurs in twisted bilayer graphene. Analytical calculations, based on Fermi's golden rule, reveal that the decoupling is a consequence of the cancellation of quantum phases of the electronic wave functions of the individual GNRs. As a result, the inter-GNR transmission is strongly suppressed over a large energy window. An external bias applied between the GNRs changes the relative phases of the wave functions resulting in modulation of the transmission and current by several orders of magnitude. A built-in potential between the two GNRs can lead to a large peak-to-valley current ratio $(g1000)$ resulting from the strong electronic decoupling of the two GNRs that occurs when they are driven to the same potential. Current switching by voltage control of the quantum phase in a graphene crossbar structure is a novel switching mechanism. It is robust even with an overlap of $\ensuremath{\sim}$$1.8\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{nm}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1.8\phantom{\rule{4.pt}{0ex}}\text{nm}$ that is well below the smallest horizontal length scale envisioned in the international technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS).
Studies on “Vitamin P.” I. Topically Applied “Vitamin P”-Like Substances on the Mammalian Capillary Bed.

Summary1. A mammalian capillary bed preparation was modified from the rat meso-appendix mesenteric preparation of Zweifach and Chambers, and used to estimate the relative activities of various topically applied “vitamin P”-like compounds on microscopically visible vasomotor responses of the vessels.2. Rutin, rutin sodium acid succinate, hesperidin, hesperidin sodium acid succinate, methylated hesperidin chalcone, esculin and adrenochrome were inert in the concentrations used.3. The sodium acid phthalates of rutin and hesperidin were slightly active vasoconstrictors.4. The catechins were highly active vasoconstrictors, including d-catechins, epimerized d-catechins, and especially /-epieatechin, in doses as low as 0.0001 or less.5. Catechin red (catechin tannin or anhydride) was highly toxic, inducing irreversible vasodilatation and stasis.
Examining Public Response to Corporate Social Initiative Types A Quantitative Content Analysis of Coca-Cola’s Social Media

Corporate social initiatives (CSIs) are increasingly important in boosting public acceptance for companies, and emerging research suggests corporate social marketing (CSM) could be the most effective type of CSI. However, scholars caution that CSM is not a one-size-fits-all. Through a content analysis of Coca-Cola’s social media posts on potentially controversial topics related to sustainability, health, and social change, this study explores how CSI type and message content influence public response to an organization’s social media corporate social responsibility posts. Posts emphasizing socially responsible business practices generally received the most favorable public response, while posts focused on cause promotion were received the most negatively. Findings also suggest that CSM is less effective when the issue and advocated behavior change appears to be acting against the company’s interests.
Evaluation of a Collaborative Movement Task in a Distributed Three-Dimensional Virtual Environment

A task designed to estimate the impact of communication channel performance on individual and collaborative human performance in distributed, shared, virtual environments was evaluated. The 'Fitts-like' task required participants to press buttons as fast as they could in a three-dimensional virtual workspace. In addition, in the collaborative task the 2 participants were required to press the buttons simultaneously. The size of the buttons, the distance between buttons, and the delay between movement and visual feedback were manipulated. The results were well described by Fitts' law. Movement Time increased with increases in Index of Difficulty and delay. The Index of Performance decreased with delay and was lower in the collaborative task. Overall, orderly changes inperformance were observed with manipulation of task parameters, suggestingthat future studies to examine more complicated manipulations of networkperformance and multisensory displays are appropriate.
“The hidden world of science”: Nature as Art in 1930’s American Print Advertising

Photographs deployed in scientific investigation also are circulated and consumed in popular culture. Examination of the work of an early-twentieth-century consulting U.S. scientist in commercial print advertising illuminates a still mostly unwritten history concerning scientific realism, photography, and American advertising’s middle-class audiences. The work of American scientific photographer Philip O. Gravelle with American national advertising campaigns during the early decades of the twentieth century draws attention to the myriad creative uses of scientific photography during the first decades of the twentieth century. It also sheds new light on a pivotal era in the evolution of illustration-based American print advertising.
Epidemiological analysis of people bit by animals in 2005 Jiading district Shanghai

[Objective] To analyze the epidemiological situation of people bit by animals in 2005 Jiading district,and to explore the risk factors of human rabies so as to provide evidence for preventive and control measures. [Methods] Data of people bit by animals were collected from rabies preventive clinic and analyzed. [Results] The total rate of bite from animal was(41.05/10000.) The majority site of bite was lower limbs(49.58%) and upper limbs(42.27%).Children under 10 years was the age group most often bit by animals,head and face were the most often site of bite(8.47%) in this age group.Dog was the main attacking animal(88.46%) and its rabies vaccine immune rate was 29.34%.Went to clinic and had wound cleaning for prevention of rabies were mostly not on time. [Conclusion] Children and adolescent are the most frequently exposed group.Factors as low inoculation rate of dogs,delayed treatment and wound cleaning,lack of knowledge of rabies prevention may be important risk factors of human rabies.It is necessary to focus on the abovementioned points to prevent human rabies in Jiading district.
Effect of Layer Structure on Dynamic Response and Failure Characteristics of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CARALL)

The effect of placing carbon fiber reinforced composite layers exterior or interior to the aluminum layers on the low-velocity impact performance of CARALL FMLs was investigated in this research study. In this study, CARALL laminates having 3/2 configuration, with aluminum in the outer layer for the first case (CARALL A) and one with carbon fiber composite (CFC) layer in the outer layer (CARALL B) were prepared using a vacuum press without using any adhesive film. In addition, CARALL-A FML was modified with a thin veil cloth layer between CFC and aluminum layers (CARALL-C). Force–displacement histories, damage morphologies and energy absorption capabilities of these laminates in relation to different energy levels are presented and discussed. The influence of resin rich layers (veil cloth) at the interfaces of aluminum and carbon fiber/epoxy layers on the impact behavior and damage size is also investigated. CARALL-A FMLs absorb the energy mainly through plastic deformation and delamination initiation and propagation whereas CARALL-B absorbs the impact energy through penetration and perforation of the laminate. The introduction of resin rich layers (veil cloth) affects the overall dynamic response with higher contact forces, smaller ultimate central deflections, reduced delamination damage area, and provides hindrance to the growth of cracks in the non-impacted aluminum layer and thereby increasing the impact resistance of CARALL-C FMLs.
Extending ensemble: an education digital library for computer science education

This paper presents recent work to apply machine learning methods to add thousands of new, relevant records to Ensemble, an educational digital library for computing education, thus solving four challenges remaining after NSF funding ended in 2014. There already are 20 metadata collections from content providers/contributors, leading to more than 5000 educational materials, along with archives of discussions of 58 community groups. Though thousands of users and a broad set of CS communities have engaged with Ensemble, having many new records, and an automated process to add YouTube videos and SlideShare presentations, should extend Ensemble's value and level of usage for computing education.
Online Exclusion: Biases That May Arise When Using Social Media in Talent Acquisition

Some organizations have begun to use social media during the talent acquisition process as a way to attract, recruit, and screen job applicants. Although this method may provide ease and allow decision-makers to gain additional information about candidates, it may also lead to negative biases, particularly against minority applicants. In this chapter we discuss why minorities may be at an increased risk for exclusion when social media is used in attraction and recruitment as well as why they may experience greater amounts of negative bias when social media are used in screening in selection processes. We offer recommendations regarding avoiding potential biases for organizations using or considering the use of social media in talent acquisition. Additionally, we discuss avenues for future research related to the manifestation of bias when using social media tools to attract, recruit, and select employees.
II-09 SLE bone marrow contains factors that promote type I interferon activation

Background SLE is characterised by the inappropriate activation of type I Interferon (IFN) and increases in apoptosis and NETosis by neutrophils, which in combination with defective apoptotic cell and NET clearance provides an ongoing source of self-antigen. IFN can further propagate the disease process by promoting B cell activation, survival, and differentiation into plasma cells (PC). PC produces autoantibodies that can form immune complexes (IC) to further stimulate IFN production creating a vicious cycle. Important questions that remain unclear are the site and mechanisms of IFN activation. We have recently demonstrated a prominent IFN signature in the bone marrow (BM) of SLE patients that is more pronounced than paired peripheral blood and correlated with higher serum autoantibodies and disease activity. We hypothesise that BM is a key site of IFN activation in SLE and better understanding of signals in the BM that regulate IFN activation may lead to discovery of new treatment targets. Materials and methods BM supernatant and serum were obtained from SLE patients (n = 11 IFN high, n = 11 IFN low). Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were purified from healthy donor blood. To determine if BM supernatant and serum induce IFN production, pDC was cultured with BM supernatant or serum with and without necrotic cell material. Necrotic cell material was generated by repeat freeze-thawed U937 cells. Culture supernatants were collected and IFN was measured by ELISA. Results We found that BM supernatant from SLE patients with high level of multiple serum autoantibodies was able to induce pDC to produce type I IFN (BM: 12481 ± 259.1, BM + necrotic: 12091 ± 68.50 pg/ml). The serum from the same patient also induced pDC to produce IFN that was greatly enhanced by necrotic cell material (serum: 12244 ± 90, serum + necrotic: 114292 ± 6998 pg/ml). BM supernatant and serum from SLE patients with low level of serum autoantibodies did not induce pDC to produce IFN even in the presence of necrotic cell material. The relationship to the IFN signature and NETosis is under evaluation. Additionally, we are examining ICs as interferonogenic factors in the BM. Conclusions These data suggest that the BM microenvironment of SLE patient contains factor(s) that promote type I IFN production by pDC that may correlate with the presence of serum autoantibodies. However, the mechanisms of IFN production in the BM appear to be different from that of the serum.
Juvenile Transfer Laws: An Effective Deterrent to Delinquency?

Provides an overview of research on the deterrent effects of transferring youth from juvenile to criminal courts, focusing on large-scale comprehensive OJJDP-funded studies on the effect of transfer laws on recidivism. The Bulletin reviews all of the extant research on the general and specific deterrent effects of transferring juveniles to adult criminal court.
What Makes a Great Legal Negotiator

What factors are associated with successful legal negotiators? I have found no significant correlation between student GPAs and negotiating results achieved on course exercises. I have found no differences in the results achieved by race or gender. Negotiator styles influence bargaining success, with many skilled negotiators employing the hybrid Competitive/Problem-Solving approach where they explore the underlying interests of the parties and seek to expand the overall pie to be divided, but use subtle manipulation to claim a greater share of the joint surplus for themselves. Proficient negotiators are thoroughly prepared, they have realistic, but elevated aspirations,and they begin with elevated, but principled, opening positions recognizing the impact of anchoring. They use the Preparation Stage to develop confidence in their own positions, and they use the Preliminary Stage to establish rapport with opponents and positive negotiating environments. They are effective communicators and active listeners, and they have patience and perseverance.
Correlation ion mobility spectrometry.

Using a linearly swept chirp function to modulate a Bradbury–Nielsen (BN) ion gate and application of a common signal processing technique (cross-correlation), we outline a method for obtaining high resolution IMS–MS spectra with ion gate duty cycles approaching 50%. Correlation IMS (CIMS) offers advantages over current multiplexing approaches in IMS–MS, which include the Hadamard and Fourier transforms, by minimizing transform artifacts while maintaining high ion throughput. Although cross-correlation techniques have been utilized previously in the field of IMS, to the best of our knowledge, this approach has not been utilized to obtain spectrum that resembles traditional IMS spectrum with resolving powers approaching the theoretical limit. This new approach relies on a linear sweep, which is a swept frequency signal, commonly utilized in different applications because of its compatibility with the fast Fourier transform (FFT). However, unlike spectra derived from Fourier transformation, CIMS yields data sampling rates that are not dependent upon terminal frequency and takes advantage of several factors unique to IMS operation; the non-linear response of ions at relatively low gate pulse widths, fluctuations in intensity, and peak profiles resembling the input gate pulse vector observed especially noted at low gating frequencies.
Parent ICT use, social capital, and parenting efficacy

The current study investigated how use of various information and communication technologies (ICTs) was related to social capital and parenting efficacy among parents of youth. Specifically, using structural equation modeling we examined direct and indirect associations between ICT use, social capital, and parenting efficacy using data from 431 parents of youth in the U.S. Parents' ICT use was directly associated with their social capital, but the direction of the association differed by ICT. Parenting efficacy was positively associated with parents' social capital. Also, parents ICT use was directly and indirectly associated with parenting efficacy. Parents who were using email and checking news and events online frequently were likely to report higher parenting efficacy, but the use of blogs was negatively associated with their parenting efficacy. Results suggest that parent and family life educators can optimize education programs by utilizing different ICTs based on the purpose of the program. Parent ICT use may enhance parenting efficacy directly and through social capital.Some ICTs can be detrimental to parents' social capital and parenting efficacy.Benefits of parent ICT use may differ across child developmental stages.
α- and β-Heparin Binding Growth Factors: Chemistry and Biology of Acidic and Basic Fibroblast Growth Factors

Now that two molecules capable of inducing angiogenesis in vivo have been characterized, it is possible to study their role in mediating neovascularization. The impetus for the complete structural characterization of acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors [FGFs] (Esch et al., 1985a,b; Gimmenez-Gallego et al., 1985) was derived from their unique biological activities and the discovery that both factors were distinct molecular entities that could be isolated to homogeneity by classical chemistry (Thomas et al., 1984; Bohlen et al., 1984). The realization that a chondrosarcoma-derived angiogenic factor (Shing et al., 1984) was related if not identical to basic FGF led to the use of heparin affinity chromatography for the high yield purification of pituitary and brain basic FGF (Gospodarowicz et al., 1984). Several other investigators (Maciag et al., 1984; Lobb and Fett, 1984; Conn and Hatcher, 1984; Bohlen et al., 1985) were also able to demonstrate that the then uncharacterized acidic endothelial cell growth factors (including ECGF and acidic FGFs) could also bind heparin with high affinity and that heparin affinity chromatography could also be used to purify the brain acidic FGFs to homogeneity. Thus, in the last two years it has been possible to delineate many of the chemical, biological and biochemical characteristics of two major angiogenic factors: the acidic and basic FGFs.
Self-Efficacy’s Influence on Persistence: Moderating Effect of Performance Feedback Ambiguity

The present investigation was designed to test the predictions of a control theory based view of self-regulation on the complex effects of self-efficacy on persistence (Vancouver, 2008). In particu...
Gabab Receptor Mediated Responses in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius (NTS) Are Altered in Acute and Chronic Hypertensive Rats.

P47 In renal wrap chronic hypertensive (CHT) rats, injection of the GABA B agonist baclofen into the NTS evokes a greater increase in mean arterial pressure (MAP) than in normotensive (NT) controls, and in CHT rats there is an increased expression of GABA B receptor mRNA in the NTS ( Hypertension, 33:530). We report that the pressor response to injection of baclofen into the NTS is enhanced following acute hypertension (AHT) of only 30 minutes. Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized with Inactin (60mg/kg), paralyzed and artificially ventilated. Following unilateral electrolytic ablation of the NTS, microinjection of 40pmoles of baclofen into the contralateral NTS of NT (101±2mmHg) rats resulted in an increase in MAP of 21±1mmHg (n=7). During AHT (30 min of phenylephrine infusion, MAP increased to 135±3mmHg), microinjection of baclofen increased MAP by 34±2mmHg (n=13). This was significantly greater than the response before AHT (p .80). Intravenous injections of norepinephrine (n=3) and angiotensin II (n=3) produced the same increases in MAP before and during AHT (p>.4) so the enhanced baclofen response is not due to a change in vascular reactivity. Baclofen has both pre- and post-synaptic effects. To eliminate the pre-synaptic component of the baclofen response sino-aortic denervations (SAD) were performed prior to the microinjections. In NT-SAD rats, baclofen injections increased MAP by 12±1mmHg (n=8), in AHT-SAD by 12±1mmHg (n=12)and in CHT-SAD rats by 20±3mmHg (n=7). To conclude, the pressor response to NTS injections of baclofen is enhanced in both CHT and AHT rats. The increase in baroreceptor afferent input to NTS during phenylephrine induced AHT provides a greater substrate for pre-synaptic inhibition by baclofen since the post-synaptic component of the baclofen response is the same in NT-SAD and AHT-SAD. The enhanced pressor response in CHT rats is associated with an increased post-synaptic component of the baclofen response, consistent with our previous finding of an increase in GABA B receptor mRNA in the NTS in CHT rats.
Benzotrifuran (BTFuran): a building block for π-conjugated systems

Reported here is the first synthesis, X-ray crystal structure, and derivatization of benzotrifuran (BTFuran). Single crystal X-ray analysis of BTFuran shows a tight hexagonal packing stabilized by π-stacking interactions and C–H···O contacts. α-Lithiation of BTFuran enables the preparation of reactive intermediates suitable for cross-coupling reactions, allowing access to representative BTFuran-containing π-conjugated systems.
Lenalidomide in non-deletion 5q lower-risk myelodysplastic syndromes: a glass quarter full or three quarters empty?

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of clonal bone marrow failure disorders characterized by disorganized, unproductive as well as malignant hematopoiesis. MDS typically manifest with varyi...
Telling Stories for Liberty

This essay reviews David Bernstein's "You Can't Say That!: The Growing Threat to Civil Liberties From Antidiscrimination Laws." It uses Professor Bernstein's book to explore how a principle of free speech can be reconciled with a harm principle when persons claim that expression harms them. It suggests that reconciling such claims leads to a more utilitarian approach to free speech problems than the book employs. The essay also suggests that the book's narrative (storytelling) strategy is ill-suited to advance libertarian ends, and that no plausible free speech principle can support a general claim for freedom from government regulation.
An events accounting foundation for DSS implementation

This paper describes an implementation of an events accounting system which was specifically designed to facilitate the use of its disaggregated data in support of various intelligence, design, and choice decisions in a manufacturing environment. The system also models the processing of normal accounting data and reports, but it does so by materializing chart of account classifications exclusively with procedures (as opposed to conventional general ledger systems which rely primarily on declarative features). The particular implementation described herein uses a relational data base foundation, and its decision support is effected with a variety of microcomputer facilities, such as spreadsheets and graphics. The paper concentrates first on describing the derivation of data-modelled relations in accordance with an REA accounting framework. It then proceeds with a description of the DSS framework used and the correspondence of various components of this implementation with elements of that framework. The paper concludes with an assessment of problems encountered and an enumeration of future plans for more complete integration of accounting systems with marketing, materials, and logistics planning systems.
New Developments and Applications of Microarrays for Microbial Community Analysis in Natural and Impacted Ecosystems

Microarrays have revolutionized the study of microbiology by providing a means to examine communities for the presence of thousands of genes with a single test. Since the first arrays were described, many new types of arrays and novel uses have been developed to examine microbial communities. However, challenges still remain in terms of technology development, experimental protocol development, and statistical analysis with the use of microarrays for microbial community analysis. This article provides an overview of various microarrays available for environmental analysis including whole-genome open reading frame arrays, phylogenetic oligonucleotide arrays, community genome array, metagenomic arrays, and functional gene arrays with a special focus on the GeoChip arrays, and other lesser known array types.
Financial Pricing of Property and Liability Insurance

Insurance companies are levered corporations that borrow money by issuing a specific type of debt instrument, the insurance policy. Insurance debt is more risky than conventional debt because neither the amount nor the timing of the debt repayments are known in advance. The debt analogy suggests financial modeling as a natural approach to the pricing of insurance. This paper reviews the theory of financial pricing of insurance and proposes some extensions. The review covers the insurance capital asset pricing model CAPM, discounted cash-flow models, and option pricing models. The extensions include an option model of the insurance firm allowing for multiple asset and liability classes and an analysis of insurance company equity as a down-and-out option.
Counseling Students’ Mental Health Status and Attitudes toward Counseling

Existing studies have often expressed concern that impaired counseling students are destined to become impaired counseling professionals and as such are apt to do great harm if the issue of admitti...
Advancing Early Forest Fire Detection Utilizing Smart Wireless Sensor Networks

Forests are an important part of the ecosystem and play a crucial role in preserving and maintaining the global environment. Forest fires around the world cost billions of dollars and priceless human lives. Earlier detection of forest fires might mitigate their threat. In this paper, a smart forest fire detection system which combines Wireless Sensor network (WSN) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technologies (henceforth SWSN) is proposed. A small scale experimental emulation of controlled fire is carried out with a deployed SWSN collecting data for many simulated scenarios, including the crucial fire-about-to-start scenario. The sensed data are used to train different models of ANNs, while measuring scenario detection success rates. Obtained experimental results are very promising and set the model in a competitive placement among peer-related work, which encourages the utilization of a SWSN approach in a range of other civil and military applications.
Expanding the Nucleoside Recoding Toolkit: Revealing RNA Population Dynamics with 6-Thioguanosine

RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) measures RNA abundance in a biological sample but does not provide temporal information about the sequenced RNAs. Metabolic labeling can be used to distinguish newly made RNAs from pre-existing RNAs. Mutations induced from chemical recoding of the hydrogen bonding pattern of the metabolic label can reveal which RNAs are new in the context of a sequencing experiment. These nucleotide recoding strategies have been developed for a single uridine analogue, 4-thiouridine (s4U), limiting the scope of these experiments. Here we report the first use of nucleoside recoding with a guanosine analogue, 6-thioguanosine (s6G). Using TimeLapse sequencing (TimeLapse-seq), s6G can be recoded under RNA-friendly oxidative nucleophilic-aromatic substitution conditions to produce adenine analogues (substituted 2-aminoadenosines). We demonstrate the first use of s6G recoding experiments to reveal transcriptome-wide RNA population dynamics.
“What?”, “Why?”, and “How?”: An Argument for Employing Physiological Techniques in Research about Visual Response to Light

“While you are experimenting, do not remain content with the surface of things. Don’t become a mere recorder of facts, but try to penetrate the mystery of their origin.”—Ivan Pavlov (1849–1946)For ...
Six Sigma Methodology and Postoperative Information Reporting: A Multidisciplinary Quality Improvement Study With Interrupted Time-Series Regression.

Objective The postoperative handover is often compromised by reporting inconsistencies between different specialties. We describe a multidisciplinary quality improvement initiative to improve postoperative information reporting. Design A quality improvement project with interrupted time-series data collection was undertaken in the postanesthesia care unit between January 2015 and August 2015. We utilized Six Sigma methodology to engage multispecialty stakeholders in identifying deficiencies in the existing postoperative handover process in January 2015. A standardized handover process including a checklist and electronic handover note was implemented within a postanesthesia care unit in June 2015. Direct observations of handovers were conducted to determine reporting accuracy, handover duration, and specialty representative attendance. Segmented linear and logistic regression analyses were used for interrupted time-series data. Setting Single postanesthesia care unit at an academic tertiary referral center. Participants Physician trainees in anesthesia (n = 82) and surgical subspecialties (n = 139), certified registered nurse anesthetists (n = 57), and recovery room registered nurses (n = 139). Results Cumulative handover scores increased by 18.3 points in the postimplementation period (n = 70) when compared to preimplementation handovers (n = 69), a finding which remained statistically significant after adjusting for preintervention time trends (difference 16 points; 95% confidence intervals 3-31; p = 0.021). No statistically significant difference in handover duration was seen between cohorts (6.8 minutes vs 6.1 minutes, difference 0.5 minutes; 95% confidence intervals −2.8 to 3.7; p = 0.78). Three years postimplementation, there was consistent use of a modified electronic handover note and surgical subspecialty attendance during handover. Conclusions A standardized handover process was associated with improved information reporting among different surgical disciplines without significantly lengthening handover duration.
Surveillance Imaging after Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Predicts Survival in Patients with Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma.

ABSTRACT The utility of surveillance imaging after autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT) in relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine whether surveillance imaging predicts survival after AHCT. At the University of Minnesota, serial imaging for early relapse detection has been used prospectively for all consecutive AHCT recipients treated since 2010. The present analysis included 91 AHCT recipients with DLBCL who underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG-PET) scan at day +100 post-AHCT. 18F-FDG-PET parameters included the Deauville (D) 5-point scale, peak standardized uptake values (SUVmax), total legion glycolysis (TLG), and total metabolic tumor volume (TMTV). Survival of patients with clinically symptomatic versus asymptomatic radiographically detected relapsed DLBCL after AHCT was compared. Sixty patients experienced relapse; 35% was detected on day +100 surveillance PET scan. 5-year overall survival (OS) by 18F-FDG-PET scan at day +100 post-AHCT was significantly lower in D4 and D5 patients (37%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 14% to 100% versus 25%; 95% CI, 43% to 89%) compared with patients with D1 and D2 (62%; 95% CI, 43% to 89% versus 62%; 95% CI, 46% to 84%). TLG and TMTV were not prognostic. SUVmax at day +100 varied from 1.5 (D1) to 17.9 (D5). In multivariate analysis, only SUVmax was predictive of relapse and OS; mortality increased 1.8-fold with each SUVmax doubling (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.3 to 2.3; P
A characterization theorem for certain unions of two starshaped sets in R 2

Let S be a compact set in R2. For S simply connected, S is a union of two starshaped sets if and only if for every F finite, F\( \subseteq \) bdry S, there exist a set G\( \subseteq \) bdry S arbitrarily close to F and points s, t depending on G such that each point of G is clearly visible via S from one of s, t. In the case where ∼S has at most finitely many components, the necessity of the condition still holds while the sufficiency fails.
Quantifying Cerebral Autoregulation in Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

This study aimed to quantify cerebral autoregulation (CA) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) (n=11) and healthy controls (n=14) using near-infrared spectroscopy. Patients and volunteers performed paced breathing and frequency-dependent phase differences were compared.
Capturing missing physics in climate model parameterizations using neural differential equations.

Even with today's immense computational resources, climate models cannot resolve every cloud in the atmosphere or eddying swirl in the ocean. However, collectively these small-scale turbulent processes play a key role in setting Earth's climate. Climate models attempt to represent unresolved scales via surrogate models known as parameterizations. These have limited fidelity and can exhibit structural deficiencies. Here we demonstrate that neural differential equations (NDEs) may be trained by highly resolved fluid-dynamical models of the scales to be parameterized and those NDEs embedded in an ocean model. They can incorporate conservation laws and are stable in time. We argue that NDEs provide a new route forward to the development of surrogate models for climate science, opening up exciting new opportunities.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Among Youth with Obesity and History of Elevated Blood Pressure.

Objective To assess prevalence of and factors associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) in youth with obesity and elevated blood pressure (BP). Study design This was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline and follow-up visits of 83 youth, 5-21 years, evaluated for overweight/obesity and elevated BP in a multidisciplinary clinic. LVDD was defined according to established adult criteria (LVDDadult; E/A 14, or e′/a′ 99th percentile, or e′/a′ Results The prevalence of LVDD ranged from 1.2% to 2.7% when we used adult criteria and 19% to 28% when we used pediatric criteria. Those with LVDDpeds were older, predominantly male, and non-African American and had greater weight, BP, BP medication use, and non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than those without LVDDpeds. Diastolic BP z score was associated with LVDDpeds by E/A (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.15-3.32, P = .014) after we adjusted for age, sex, race, BP medications, and body mass index z score. Conclusions LVDD was present in a substantial proportion of youth with overweight/obesity and elevated BP using pediatric criteria. Those with LVDDpeds had significantly greater measures of adiposity and BP compared with those without LVDDpeds, and diastolic BP z score was an independent predictor of LVDDpeds by E/A. These data emphasize the importance of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease risk factors in childhood.
The Ground State Energy and Concentration of Complexity in Spherical Bipartite Models

We establish an asymptotic formula for the ground-state energy of the spherical pure $(p,q)$-spin glass model for $p,q\ge 96$. We achieve this through understanding the concentration of the complexity of critical points with values within a region of the ground state energy. More specifically, we show that the second moment of this count coincides with the square of the first moment up to a sub-exponential factor.
Objective Chance and the Rule against Character Evidence

A central principle of U.S. law is that individuals should be judged in court based on their actions and not on their character. Rule 404 of the Federal Rules of Evidence therefore prohibits evidence of an individual’s previous acts to prove that the individual acted in accordance with a certain character or propensity. But courts regularly deviate from or altogether ignore this rule, resulting in arbitrary judgments based on an individual’s prior acts rather than on evidence regarding the events at issue in a case. This raises serious constitutional and fairness concerns, deepens racial and economic inequality in the criminal justice system, and creates a range of socially harmful incentives. I address this problem from a new angle—a scientific one. I argue that a type of evidence that I refer to as “objective-chance evidence” is at the center of the unpredictability surrounding the rule against character evidence. I apply a simple statistical model to resolve longstanding confusion regarding the nature of objective-chance evidence, and to demonstrate the need for a new approach to objective-chance evidence in the courts. I argue that central to a more logical and effective rule against character evidence is 1) a proper understanding of objective-chance evidence as a particular category of character evidence, and 2) an “objective-chance exception” that replaces the rule against character evidence with a 403-type balancing for objective-chance evidence. In turn, these steps permit a proper interpretation of Rule 404 and a stricter adherence to the rule against character evidence. Finally, I examine the feasibility of an objective-chance exception, and I demonstrate broad and significant implications for minimizing error in case outcomes and reducing inequality based on race and economic disadvantage in the criminal justice system. An earlier version of this article can be found at the following address: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3664837.