cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of the accessory and main olfactory systems in maternal behavior of the primiparous rat.

The objective of this study was to analyze the respective roles of the main and accessory olfactory systems in the development of maternal behavior in the primiparous Wistar rat. Females underwent one of the following treatments: vomeronasal nerve section (VN), irrigation of nasal cavities with 5% ZnSO4 solution (ZN), surgical control, saline irrigation control, and normal control. Surgical or first irrigation were done before mating occurred. Irrigations were done every 7 days thereafter. The dams and their litters were observed from the day the litter was born (Day 1) through Day 16. Pup weights and temperatures were recorded daily. Home cages were checked daily for changes in nest location and number of times pups were found out of the nest. Retrieving tests were conducted on Days 4, 7, 10, and 13. The following behavioral items were observed: number of pup retrievals , number of times mother nosed or licked pups, percentage of litter returned to nest by end of test, dam self-grooming, dam climbing or rising, and dam digging or burrowing in shavings. The VN dams and their litters were not significantly different from the control dams and their litters on any of the measures taken. The ZN dams and their litters were not significantly different from their controls on all measures except for pup body temperature which was slightly lower from Day 13 through day 16 and pup body weight which was slightly lower from Day 12 through Day 16. Since these differences are very small, they do not seem to indicate a serious deficiency in maternal behavior. The results indicate that adequate maternal behavior develops with either of the two systems intact.
Direct haptic rendering of complex trimmed NURBS models

The most accurate haptic rendition of a virtual model is produced when the haptic algorithm acts directly on the actual model and not an intermediate representation. In the modeling and design communities the de facto model representation standard is NURBS. Further, more powerful systems provide trimming and adjacency information within the models representation. This additional information permits more complex models to be expressed succinctly but also increases the complexity of representation. In this paper we present an algorithm that supports direct haptic rendering of models constructed from trimmed NURBS surfaces. Our distributed system links an advanced modeling system to a force-reflecting device. In addition, we present extensions to the algorithm which support model manipulation, dimensioned probes, and multi-probe contact.
Tension pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema during retrieval of an ingested lithium button battery

We present a case of a child with an ingested lithium battery causing esophageal perforation with mediastinal injury extending to the pleural cavity. During the endoscopic retrieval of the battery, the child developed the rare complication of subcutaneous emphysema, tension pneumothorax, and pneumomediastinum from excessive iatrogenic air insufflation. The patient developed mediastinitis and had a complicated postoperative course.
Labor history at the american historical association

In the midst of its bicentennial celebration, the city of Cincinnati played host to the American Historical Association convention, 27-30 December 1988. The number of potentially interesting sessions was more than any single person could attend; I managed to participate in four sessions on working-class life in late nineteenth and twentieth-century Europe and North America. While these sessions reflected the centrality of class as the key analytic category in understanding the lives of workers, the presenters, commentators, and audiences seemed to agree that class affects people's lives in complex ways. In particular, a number of factors ? including race, gender, ethnicity, and skill, as well as political and legal influ ences?mediate the impact of material conditions. Only by considering these other factors and the ways in which they interact with economic conditions can we understand workers' experiences, political activity, patterns of protest, or con sciousness. Adequate understanding of working-class life requires a sensitivity to these "mediating" factors, and a willingness to borrow from fields such as women's history, Afro-American history, cultural history, and political history. A beginning session chaired by Leonard Rosenband (Utah State University) considered "Life, Work, and Culture in Company Towns." Gary Freeze (Univer sity of North Carolina, Chapel Hill) presented his research on the Odell Cotton Mills of North Carolina, 1877-1907, and the role of Methodism in the company town of Forest Hill. The Odells were able to impose their own "assumed reality" in the town by linking active Methodist proselytizing with paternalist policies. The employers relied on the preindustrial values offered in their Methodist church to ease the dislocation of new migrants to the mills. This system helped young male workers adapt to the loss of the patriarchal authority of the countryside, and religious piety offered them an opportunity for advancement in the church and mill. William E. French (Utah State University) then discussed miners in the Hidalgo District, Chihuahua, Mexico. In this case, middle-class reformers at tempted to mold a group of transient, uncooperative workers into a reliable, disciplined labor force. The state cooperated by passing laws to control prostitu tion and gambling. Alongside this state activity, reformers launched a cultural offensive, encouraging middle-class family values as an alternative to the working
Visual cortex neurons in monkey and cat: contrast response nonlinearities and stimulus selectivity

The contrast response functions of cat and monkey visual cortex neurons reveal two important nonlinearities: expansive response exponents and contrast gain control. These two nonlinearities (when combined with a linear spatiotemporal receptive field) can have beneficial consequences on stimulus selectivity. Expansive response exponents enhance stimulus selectivity introduced by previous neural interactions, thereby relaxing the structural requirements for establishing highly selective neurons. Contrast gain control maintains stimulus selectivity, over a wide range of contrasts, in spite of the limited dynamic response range and the steep slopes of the contrast response function.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Positive selection of T cells

In the past year, significant technical developments have provided the opportunity to investigate the more mechanistic features of positive selection. Major progress has been made in determining the structure and function of the early pre-T cell receptor, in defining cell types that mediate positive selection, and in analyzing the contribution of MHC and co-receptors to CD4/CD8 lineage commitment. The most revealing studies have been those addressing the role of peptides in thymic selection.
Cloud Clusters and Tropical Cyclogenesis: Developing and Nondeveloping Systems and Their Large-Scale Environment

AbstractTropical cyclone (TC) genesis occurs only when there is persistent, organized convection. The question of why some cloud clusters develop into a TC and others do not remains unresolved. This question cannot be addressed adequately without studying nondeveloping systems in a consistent manner together with developing systems. This study presents a systematic approach in classifying developing and nondeveloping cloud clusters based on their large-scale environments.Eight years of hourly satellite IR data and global model analysis over the western North Pacific are used. A cloud cluster is defined as an area of ≤208-K cloud-top temperature, generally mesoscale in size. Based on the overlapping area between successive hourly images, they are then tracked in time as time clusters. The initial formations of nearly all TCs during July–October 2003–10 were associated with time clusters lasting at least 8 h (8-h clusters). The occurrence of an 8-h cluster is considered to indicate the minimum degree of con...
Genetics and Personality Inventories: The Limits of Replication with Twin Data

The consistency of twin data with personality questionnaires is examined using all reported twin samples which have been administered the California Psychological Inventory. The scale correlations for the MZ twins are fairly consistent across different samples while the correlations for DZ twins fail to show as much consistency. Differences, moreover, between MZ and DZ correlations fail to replicate across samples. Sampling error and sampling bias are proposed as the major reasons for the inconsistency, and when these factors are taken into account the resulting heritabilities suggest that the CPI scales loading on the extraversion-introversion factor are the most heritable. The implications of sampling error and sampling bias for estimating genetic parameters from correlational twin data, for uncovering differential heritability of personality traits, and for designing future research are discussed.
Partial covalent labeling with pyridoxal 5'-phosphate induces bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)suberate crosslinking of band 3 protein tetramers in intact human red blood cells.

Partial covalent labeling of band 3 protein lysines with pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (a substrate and affinity probe) changes the bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate crosslinking pattern of band 3 in intact red cells from a mixture of dimers and tetramers to all tetramers as the exclusive crosslinked product. This is the first demonstration of band 3 crosslinkage to the tetrameric level within membranes of intact red cells. The possible implications of the ligand-induced change in the band 3 crosslinking pattern are discussed.
Indwelling lines and nutrition.

Survival rates after childhood cancer have been steadily increasing due to the use of multimodal, intensive treatment strategies. Further intensification of cytotoxic therapies is leading to profound, prolonged neutropenic episodes lasting several weeks and frequent use of peripheral stem cell rescue following myeloablative chemotherapy. Supportive care has therefore become an even more important factor in assuring patient’s progress towards cure and this ‘Update’ concentrates on the issues surrounding central vascular access and nutrition.
Resistance in Wild Helianthus to the Sunflower Beetle

In laboratory feeding trials, all larvae of Zygogramma exclamationis (F.) died after feeding on Helianthus ciliaris DC. and H. salicifolius Dietr. Also, significantly more larvae died after feeding on wild H. annuus L., H. paradoxus Heiser, H. petiolaris Nuttall, and H. tuberosus L. than after feeding on ‘Hybrid 896.’ The total developmental period for Z. exclamationis reared on H. annuus and H. petiolaris was significantly longer than the period for larvae reared on other wild annual sunflowers. Consumption of leaf area by larvae reared on H. petiolaris, H. tuberosus , and H. paradoxus was significantly below that of larvae reared on Hybrid 896. Females feeding on the wild species of Helianthus did not lay eggs.
The Isolation of Cotton Plant Components by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography

The use of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to separate components of extracts of cotton bracts is described. A chloroform extract of the aqueous extract of the bracts and an ethanol extract of the dried aqueous extracts were used. The facile separation of 1,7-dihydroxy-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-2(1H)-naphthalenone (lacinilene C), its 7 methyl ether, and β-sitosterol from the chloroform extract, and 7-hydroxy-6-methoxycoumarin (scopoletin), cinnamic acid, and hydroxy cinnamic acid from the ethanol extract illustrate the capability of HPLC to separate the complex mixture of compounds in cotton plant parts. Preliminary separations by preparative thin-layer chromatography gave several major bands, but the HPL chromatograms showed that each band contains the same compounds, though in varying concentration, demonstrating the higher resolution of HPLC. Scopoletin was a major component in both extracts. Cinnamic and hydroxy cinnamic acids were identified by GC/MS. The other compounds were identified ...
A study of the polymorphism of bovine thyrotropin preparations by immunochemistry and peptide mapping

Abstract Immunoelectrophoresis of highly purified bovine thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) preparations revealed two related antigenic components. One is inactive TSH, which also can be formed from active hormone by heat denaturation. The other and major component is the hormone. This conclusion is based on experiments in which antisera previously absorbed with inactivated TSH still neutralized the hormonal activity and on the finding that the ratio of antiserum to TSH which led to precipitation of approximately one-half the antigen also led to partial neutralization in hormone assays. Furthermore the active components observed in starch-gel electrophoresis gave identical precipitin reactions with antisera to TSH preparations which consisted either of several or one of the active components. The antibovine TSH antiserum did not show significant cross reaction with other bovine pituitary glycoproteins but did cross react with ovine and porcine TSH preparations. As previously shown by others, the bovine antibody neutralized human TSH preparations; in the present study a precipitin reaction, not identical to that obtained with ovine and bovine TSH, was also demonstrated. Immunoelectrophoresis in starch gels showed the polymorphic character of TSH even when obtained from a single anterior lobe with a minimum of manipulative procedures. Peptide maps of radioiodinated partial hydrolyzates of several of the individual active components also showed them to be essentially identical. This mapping procedure, which requires only micrograms of protein, clearly distinguished the TSH from other pituitary glycoproteins with closely related properties.
The rheology of polymeric liquid crystals

The molecular theory of Doi has been used as a framework to characterize the rheological behavior of polymeric liquid crystals at the low deformation rates for which it was derived, and an appropriate extension for high deformation rates is presented. The essential physics behind the Doi formulation has, however, been retained in its entirety. The resulting four-parameter equation enables prediction of the shearing behavior at low and high deformation rates, of the stress in extensional flows, of the isotropic-anisotropic phase transition and of the molecular orientation. Extensional data over nearly three decades of elongation rate (10−2–101) and shearing data over six decades of shear rate (10−2–104) have been correlated using this analysis. Experimental data are presented for both homogeneous and inhomogeneous shearing stress fields. For the latter, a 20-fold range of capillary tube diameters has been employed and no effects of system geometry or the inhomogeneity of the flow-field are observed. Such an independence of the rheological properties from these effects does not occur for low molecular weight liquid crystals and this is, perhaps, the first time this has been reported for polymeric lyotropic liquid crystals; the physical basis for this major difference is discussed briefly.
Parent verbal interactions and speech rate: a case study in stuttering.

This single-case study of indirect stuttering treatment is intended to identify variables for further research. The study used post hoc analyses of changes in parent speech variables and changes in the child’s stuttering. The analysis was conducted in two parts. Study I examined the relationships between the child’s percent syllables stuttered and the parents’ speech rates and percentages of nonaccepting statements, interruptions, questions, nonaccepting questions, and talk time. The only parent variable significantly correlated with the child’s stuttering was the mother’s speech rate. In Study II the child’s percent syllables stuttered were subdivided into primary (effortless) and secondary (tense) stuttering. Each category was then correlated with the parent variables examined previously. Results suggested that the parent variables that were significantly related to the child’s primary stuttering were not the same as those significantly related to her secondary stuttering. Specific parent variables are ...
Deconvolution processing for increasing the resolution of magnetic force microscopy measurements

Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) is a widely used form of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) that is used for obtaining a magnetic image from a surface with nanoscale resolution. Currently, the resolution of MFM is limited to approximately 20 nm due to the long-range nature of magnetic interactions between the MFM probe's tip and the magnetic medium. This paper describes an optimal signal processing solution to the problem of achieving high resolution MFM with the goal of significantly exceeding the level at which MFM metrology currently performs, thus providing metrologists with a means of resolution increase that is believed will enable, for example, the rapid development of high-density magnetic recording media (>100 Gbit in−2). This is achieved by using focused-ion beam trimming of a conventional tip to create a probe tip of predictable magnetic characteristics and then, provided that the sample could be approximated as a thin-film, using knowledge of this tip's sensitivity field for performing a deconvolution on the measured signal to better estimate the magnetic state of the surface under study. Stated differently, as the MFM measured signal is modelled as the convolution of the magnetized surface and the tip's sensitivity field, we exploit knowledge of the tip's properties to increase the resolution of the MFM image. Details of the deconvolution approach as well as images resulting from this processing are the focus of this paper.
Polymer in-fiber interferometer for large strain measurements

We demonstrate the measurement of the phase shift in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) single-mode optical fiber interferometer, operating at a wavelength of 632.8 nm, up to 15.8% nominal strain in the fiber. The phase-displacement sensitivity is measured to be 1.39 x 107 rad m-1 for this strain range. This strain range is well beyond the yield strain of the polymer fiber and that previously measured for polymer Bragg gratings and silica optical fibers. The measured phase-displacement response is then compared to a previous analytical formulation for the large deformation response of the polymer optical fiber. The formulation includes both the finite deformation of the optical fiber and potential nonlinear strain optic effects at large deformations. Using previously measured values for the linear and nonlinear mechanical response of the fiber, these nonlinear strain optic effects are estimated from the current experimental data. This estimation shows that the nonlinearities in the strain optic effect are of the same order of magnitude as those in the mechanical response of the PMMA.
A Review of: How Doctors Think. By Jerome Groopman; Houghton Mifflin Company, New York

(2008). A Review of: How Doctors Think. By Jerome Groopman; Houghton Mifflin Company, New York. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 50-52.
SWINGING: IN RETROSPECT

Abstract This article deals with certain aspects of swinging: general characteristics, activities, methods of meeting swingers, reasons for swinging, stages of swinging, types of swingers, and possible advantages and disadvantages of swinging. Conflicts in the current research are discussed. In considering swinging as a trend, several theories are proposed by various researchers to explain the phenomenon. Recently, figures have dropped regarding the number of participants which leads the author to suggest that swinging is on the decline and may indeed become an activity of the past.
The Application of Internal-Wave Dissipation Models to a Region of Strong Mixing

Abstract Several models now exist for predicting the dissipation rate of turbulent kinetic energy, ϵ, in the oceanic thermocline as a function of the large-scale properties of the internal gravity wave field. These models are based on the transfer of energy toward smaller vertical scales by wave-wave interactions, and their predictions are typically evaluated for a canonical internal wave field as described by Garrett and Munk. Much of the total oceanic dissipation may occur, however, in regions where the wave field deviates in some way from the canonical form. In this paper simultaneous measurements of the internal wave field and ϵ from a drifting ice camp in the eastern Arctic Ocean are used to evaluate the efficacy of existing models in a region with an anomalous wave field and energetic mixing. By explicitly retaining the vertical wavenumber bandwidth parameter, β*, models can still provide reasonable estimates of the dissipation rate. The amount of data required to estimate β*, is, however, substanti...
Genetic significance of V and Ni content of andesites: Comments on a paper by Taylor, Kaye, White, Duncan and Ewart

Abstract The inference of Taylor etal . (1969) that andesite cannot have formed by fractional crystallization of high Al-basalt is based on a method of calculation which is questioned. When the calculation relative to vanadium content is made assuming a reasonable fraction of residual andesite liquid, it seems feasible to derive andesite from high Al-basalt.
Schema matching and embedded value mapping for databases with opaque column names and mixed continuous and discrete-valued data fields

Schema matching and value mapping across two information sources, such as databases, are critical information aggregation tasks. Before data can be integrated from multiple tables, the columns and values within the tables must be matched. The complexities of both these problems grow quickly with the number of attributes to be matched and due to multiple semantics of data values. Traditional research has mostly tackled schema matching and value mapping independently, and for categorical (discrete-valued) attributes. We propose novel methods that leverage value mappings to enhance schema matching in the presence of opaque column names for schemas consisting of both continuous and discrete-valued attributes. An additional source of complexity is that a discrete-valued attribute in one schema could in fact be a quantized, encoded version of a continuous-valued attribute in the other schema. In our approach, which can tackle both “onto” and bijective schema matching, the fitness objective for matching a pair of attributes from two schemas exploits the statistical distribution over values within the two attributes. Suitable fitness objectives are based on Euclidean-distance and the data log-likelihood, both of which are applied in our experimental study. A heuristic local descent optimization strategy that uses two-opt switching to optimize attribute matches, while simultaneously embedding value mappings, is applied for our matching methods. Our experiments show that the proposed techniques matched mixed continuous and discrete-valued attribute schemas with high accuracy and, thus, should be a useful addition to a framework of (semi) automated tools for data alignment.
Reflectance analysis for 3D computer graphics model generation

Abstract For synthesizing realistic images of a real three dimensional object, reflectance properties of the object surface, as well as the object shape, need to be measured. This paper describes one approach to create a three dimensional object model with physically correct reflectance properties by observing a real object. The approach consists of three steps. First, a sequence of range images and color images is measured by rotating a real object on a rotary table with fixed viewing and illumination directions. Then, the object shape is obtained as a collection of triangular patches by merging multiple range images. Second, by using the recovered object shape, color pixel intensities of the color image sequence are mapped to the object surface and separated into the diffuse and specular reflection components. Finally, the separated reflection components are used to estimate parameters of the Lambertian reflection model and a simplified Torrance–Sparrow reflection model. We have successfully tested our approach using images of a real object. Synthesized images of the object under arbitrary illumination conditions are shown in this paper.
A low phase-noise Pierce oscillator using a piezoelectric-on-silica micromechanical resonator

In this paper, we report on a low phase-noise 4.9 MHz oscillator using a fused silica micro-mechanical resonator. The resonator is implemented using a piezoelectric-on-silica structure, achieving high quality factor (Q ~15,860) and low motional impedance (Rm ~360 Ω). By interfacing the resonator to a CMOS amplifier, an oscillator phase noise of -138 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz, -154 dBc/Hz at 10 kHz, and -155 dBc/Hz at far-from-carrier offset frequencies has been achieved at a low-supply voltage. Vibration tests on the oscillator indicate an acceleration sensitivity of less than 4 ppb/g. The frequency tuning properties of the silica oscillator are also characterized for compensating frequency variations due to environmental effects.
Fibrocytes in the fibrotic lung: altered phenotype detected by flow cytometry.

Fibrocytes are bone marrow hematopoietic-derived cells that also express a mesenchymal cell marker (commonly collagen I) and participate in fibrotic diseases of multiple organs. Given their origin, they or their precursors must be circulating cells before recruitment into target tissues. While most previous studies focused on circulating fibrocytes, here we focus on the fibrocyte phenotype in fibrotic tissue. The study’s relevance to human disease is heightened by use of a model in which bleomycin is delivered systemically, recapitulating several features of human scleroderma including multi-organ fibrosis not observed when bleomycin is delivered directly into the lungs. Using flow cytometry, we find in the fibrotic lung a large population of CD45high fibrocytes (called Region I) rarely found in vehicle-treated control mice. A second population of CD45+ fibrocytes (called Region II) is observed in both control and fibrotic lung. The level of CD45 in circulating fibrocytes is far lower than in either Region I or II lung fibrocytes. The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 are expressed at higher levels in Region I than in Region II and are present at very low levels in all other lung cells including CD45+/collagen I- leucocytes. The collagen chaperone HSP47 is present at similar high levels in both Regions I and II, but at a higher level in fibrotic lung than in control lung. There is also a major population of HSP47high/CD45- cells in fibrotic lung not present in control lung. CD44 is present at higher levels in Region I than in Region II and at much lower levels in all other cells including CD45+/collagen I- leucocytes. When lung fibrosis is inhibited by restoring caveolin-1 activity using a caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSD), a strong correlation is observed between fibrocyte number and fibrosis score. In summary, the distinctive phenotype of fibrotic lung fibrocytes suggests that fibrocyte differentiation occurs primarily within the target organ.
Gasoline vapor transport through a high-water-content soil

Abstract The diffusive transport of gasoline vapors in a fine-grained, high-water-conent soil was examined in a combined field, laboratory and modeling study. Subsurface vapor concentrations of a variety of gasoline-derived compounds were monitored for one year at a gasoline service station. Effective diffusion coefficients were measured in the laboratory using soil columns. Data indicate that diffusive transport in the soil is quite slow. Numerical modeling, using the parameters determined in the field and laboratory, suggests that the vapors would spread only a few meters per year. The implications are that vapor-phase monitoring for gasoline leaks in such soils will not allow rapid detection and that even small releases of product will cause high vapor concentrations for prolonged time periods.
Water Soluble, Conjugated Main Chain Azo Polymer: Synthesis and Characterization.

Abstract : The monomer 2,5-diaminobenzene sulfonic acid has been polymerized to a high molecular weight, conjugated main chain azo polymer. the presence of the azo group in the polymer was confirmed using Raman spectroscopy. The polymer is highly soluble in water over a wide pH range. It is also soluble in common polar organic solvents such as DMF, DMSO, and NMP.
Granule size and rheological behavior of heated tapioca starch dispersions

Abstract Rheological behavior of starch dispersions is strongly influenced by the granules. From granule size data of 2.6% tapioca starch dispersions (STDs) isothermally heated in the range 61°C–74°C obtained by laser diffraction, the maximum average granule size was found to be 3.7×the raw starch granule mean diameter. Compared to corn and cowpea starches, heated tapioca starch granules had a higher initial maximum diameter that was less dependent on the heating temperature, and the ratio of the heated to unheated starch granule diameter ratio contributed to a higher increase of notional volume fractions (cQ) of the tapioca STDs. Shear-thickening flow behavior was observed in STDs heated at 61°C for 1, 5 and 15 min, and shear-thinning in all other dispersions. The Casson and Quemada models described well the apparent viscosity versus shear rate data of the STDs at different notional volume fractions. The power law consistency index increased exponentially with granule size reflecting increase in dispersion viscosity. The relative viscosity vs cQ data of the STDs followed Quemada's structural model. A modified Cox–Merz rule described the relationship between complex viscosity and apparent viscosity of a 4% dispersion.
Counterinsurgent Vigilantism and Public Response: A Philippine Case Study

Vigilantism against political dissent is a common phenome- non which provokes intense reactionis from a number of social sectors. But what shape do these reactions take? Two competing models, crystallized simplicity and fluid complexity, make differing predictions about the di- mensionality of issues, social grouping, and temporal dynamics of public concern. Issue dimensions, sectoral clustering, and change of opinion over time are examined with data on counterinsurgent vigilantes in the Philip- pines. Seven dimensions of opinion were observable: displacement, unre- presentativeness, terror, elite mobilization, extralegality, grievance non- redress, and destabilization. With respect to these seven issue dimensions, social sectors fell into five coalitional clusters: counterinsurgent function- aries, lumpen class, peace and justice coalition, legal lobby, and populist organizations. Most sectors became alienated from the vigilantes over time and polarization occurred on the issues of displacement, unrepresentative- ness, and grievance nonredress. The superiority of the fluid complexity model is suggested.
Temperature Limited Transport Performances of Metallic Single-Walled Nanotubes

In this work we present a theoretical study of the electronic transport in individual metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes. Using the Boltzmann transport equation together with the heat equation, we determine the temperature along the nanotube. We show that the experimental setup has a tremendous impact on the onset of the non-linear features in the IV characteristics as well as on the electrical breakdown of the nanotube. Our results are in good agreement with experimental data.
Dormitory Architecture Influences Patterns of Student Social-Relations Over Time

This article reports the findings of a two-part study on the influence of dormitory architecture on patterns of social relations among college undergraduates. The first part investigates how dormit...
PBGA for high power: extending the thermal envelope

ULSI devices continue to evolve in the direction of higher pincounts, powers and clock speeds. Current usage of the (cavity up) PBGA has been limited to I/Os of 150-360 and powers of 2-3 W. There is a need to extend the performance characteristics of the PBGA as a low cost packaging alternative for evolving devices. This study reports on the thermal performance of a 400 I/O PBGA design for powers of 7-10 W for PC/Workstation applications. Thermal performance is improved by lowering the resistances to heat flow via junction to board (R/sub jb/), junction to case (R/sub jc/) and case to ambient (R/sub ca/). The case to ambient resistance is lowered by using a heat sink attached to the package, evaluated at forced air flow of 1 m/s, typical for workstation environments. A PBGA package has been developed for a 12.7 mm die on a 29 mm, 2 metal layer substrate. The design utilizes thermal vias to lower the R/sub jb/. R/sub jc/ is lowered by decreasing the mold compound thickness. Design parameters for these features are derived and optimized through finite element simulations. Attaching a heatsink to the package is critical for extending the power dissipation from 2-3 W to the 7+ W range. The peripheral area around the PBGA makes it naturally suited for a demountable heatsink attach. An easy clip-on method of heatsink attach is developed as an alternative to the current time-consuming practice of epoxy bonding. Spring loaded clip attach prototypes are designed to minimize interfacial resistance to 0.75/spl deg/C/W when the heatsink is in dry contact with the mold compound.
SIMULATING THE EFFECTS OF FREQUENT FIRE ON SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA COASTAL SHRUBLANDS

Fire disturbance is a primary agent of change in the mediterranean-climate chaparral shrublands of southern California, USA. However, fire frequency has been steadily increasing in coastal regions due to ignitions at the growing wildland-urban interface. Although chaparral is resilient to a range of fire frequencies, successively short intervals between fires can threaten the persistence of some species, and the effects may differ according to plant functional type. California shrublands support high levels of biological diversity, including many endangered and endemic species. Therefore, it is important to understand the long-term effects of altered fire regimes on these communities. A spatially explicit simulation model of landscape disturbance and succession (LANDIS) was used to predict the effects of frequent fire on the distribution of dominant plant functional types in a study area administered by the National Park Service. Shrubs dependent on fire-cued seed germination were most sensitive to frequent fire and lost substantial cover to other functional types, including drought-deciduous subshrubs that typify coastal sage scrub and nonnative annual grasses. Shrubs that resprout were favored by higher fire frequencies and gained in extent under these treatments. Due to this potential for vegetation change, caution is advised against the widespread use of prescribed fire in the region.
Concerning Ultrafilters on Ultrapowers

This paper concerns ultrafilters on a cardinal γ extending the filter of λ -closed, unbounded sets, λ γ . The history of these ultrafilters is closely connected with that of the axiom of determinacy (AD). Solovay noticed first that, under AD, there was such an ultrafilter for γ = ℵ 1 ; λ = ω . Later, Kleinberg found that the existence of such ultrafilters followed from the partition relation γ → ( γ ) λ + λ . Specific instances of this and more powerful relations on cardinals were then proved from AD by Martin, Kunen, Paris, and others. The axiom of determinacy was recently shown consistent with ZF relative to something less than a supercompact cardinal by Martin and Steel. Solovay's and Kleinberg's results were actually stronger, and we discuss this at the end of the paper. Good references for these results include [K2] and [KM]. We are interested here in the case where γ is the ultrapower of a strong partition cardinal κ (a cardinal satisfying for all α κ ). Such cardinals exist in great abundance assuming AD, and in fact, if sufficiently many cardinals are strong, then AD holds in L [ R ] [KKMW].
Scott Pilgrim vs. hegemony: nostalgia, remediation, and heteronormativity

The Scott Pilgrim comic-book series is a significant cultural text on many levels including its relationship to the past, to the comic-book medium, and to socio-cultural power dynamics. Through a close reading of this popular series, this analysis explores the ways in which Scott Pilgrim builds up potential to address ideological issues in a progressive manner through its ironic nostalgic stance and its reliance on medium-bending cultural references. The issue is that this comic-book series squanders this potential and ends up reaffirming dominant hegemonic gender roles and a dangerous brand of heteronormativity. This reaffirmation is especially problematic considering Scott Pilgrim’s wide cultural influence across comics, film and video games. Scott fights many foes in this series, but hegemony in the form of dominant gender roles and sexuality seem to be one fight Scott cannot win.
Enhancing the ability to think strategically: A learning model:

The ability to think strategically is critical for managers at multiple organizational levels, yet we know little about how this ability develops in individuals. Drawing on literature in strategy, cognitive science and adult learning, we propose a model of learning to think strategically that follows the ‘learning school’ of strategy making (Mintzberg et al., 1998). The model depicts a dynamic, interactive, and iterative experiential learning process. It identifies individual factors, work experiences and organizational factors that contribute knowledge and act together to develop the ability to think strategically. Areas for research are suggested to better understand the learning process.
A Plant Receptor-Like Gene, the S-Locus Receptor Kinase of Brassica oleracea L., Encodes a Functional Serine/Threonine Kinase

To investigate the catalytic properties of the Brassica oleracea S-locus receptor kinase (SRK), we have expressed the domain that is homologous to protein kinases as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli. Following in vivo labeling of cultures with 32P-labeled inorganic phosphate, we observed phosphorylation of the fusion protein on serine and threonine, but not on tyrosine. In contrast, labeling was not observed when lysine-524, a residue conserved among all protein kinases, was mutated to arginine, thus confirming that SRK phosphorylation was the result of intrinsic serine/threonine kinase activity.
Factorial invariance of child self-report across race/ethnicity groups: a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis approach utilizing the PedsQL 4.0 Generic Core Scales.

Purpose In order to compare health-related quality of life (HRQOL) research findings across race/ethnicity subpopulations, it is important to demonstrate factorial invariance, i.e., that the items have equivalent meaning across the race/ethnicity groups studied. This study examined the factorial invariance of child self-reported HRQOL across race/ethnicity groups for ages 5–18 years utilizing the 23-item PedsQL™ 4.0 Generic Core Scales. Methods Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was performed, specifying a five-factor model across four race/ethnicity groups (White Non-Hispanic, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, Black Non-Hispanic). Multigroup structural equation models were proposed in order to compare the factor structure across the four race/ethnicity subpopulations. The analyses were based on 5,490 children recruited from clinic, school, and community populations. Results Strict factorial invariance across the four race/ethnicity groups was demonstrated based on stability of the Comparative Fit Index (CFI) between the models, and several additional indices of practical fit including the Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA), the Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI), and the Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI). Conclusions The findings support an equivalent five-factor structure across the four race/ethnicity subpopulations studied. Based on these data, it can be concluded that children across the four race/ethnicity groups studied interpreted items in a similar manner regardless of their race/ethnicity.
Group Decision as a Technique for Obtaining Compliance: Some Added Considerations Concerning How Altruism Leads to Callousness

Bennett (1955) reported that a critical condition for producing Lewin's (1958) classic group discussion-decision effect (is., high compliance with a request from an authority figure) was a group consensus strongly favoring compliance. This finding prompted investigation of variables potentially affecting such a consensus. A first study found that group consensus is significantly less likely to favor compliance if subjects are allowed to make a majority rather than an individual decision. Group size had no significant effects on decision-making. A second study replicated this effect and investigated several explanations for it. These results suggest that, at least when compliance is not in the subjects' best interest, the Lewinian group discussion-decision effect will be less likely to be found if a majority decision role is followed as opposed to an individual decision rule. The implication of these data for social engineering is discussed.
Roller Coaster Induced Barotrauma

We present the case of a 24-year-old male who presented to the otolaryngology clinic for otalgia and aural fullness after riding a roller coaster. We present his clinical course and outcome and briefly discuss the mechanism of injury and otologic barotrauma. Roller coasters have been reported as the cause of many different types of injuries, but this is the first reported case of otologic barotrauma. As the engineering for roller coasters continues to advance in terms of increasing speed, otolaryngologists need to be aware of a new etiology of otologic barotrauma.
Silicon nitride films on silicon for optical waveguides

Silicon nitride (Si(3)N(4)) thin film optical waveguides with propagation losses of less than 0.1 dB/cm for the TE(0) mode at lambda(0) = 6328 A have been successfully grown by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition. Silicon wafers 5 cm in diameter were used as substrates, and the Si(3)N(4) was separated from the substrate by a steamoxide SiO(2) buffer layer. Propagation losses are examined for the various waveguide modes, and their dependence on waveguide parameters and wavelength are discussed and compared with exact calculations. Leakage into the silicon substrate is shown to be a major loss mechanism, especially at longer wavelengths and for higher mode numbers.
Dynamic aggregations of newborn sibling rattlesnakes exhibit stable thermoregulatory properties

Information on behavioural and physiological processes of newborn reptiles is often difficult to obtain under natural conditions, especially in lizards and snakes. Consequently, we lack information on a wide range of biological phenomena (e.g. thermoregulation, digestion, circadian activity rhythms) in neonates of these taxa. Here, we report novel behaviour in newborn sibling sidewinder rattlesnakes Crotalus cerastes, a desert-inhabiting species of south-western North America. At the entrances of their natal burrows, neonates formed aggregations (‘balls’) during daylight hours, which involved frequent movements of individuals within these balls. Through the study of two radio-telemetered females and their litters (n=20 offspring), we obtained temperature data from the mothers, centre of the snake balls, and from multiple sites in the immediate environment for 10 days post-birth, the period that is coincident with maternal attendance and the first cycle of ecdysis. The core temperatures of the snake balls showed significant stability over the extreme thermal ranges of the environment. Although other functions are possible, such as those related to water conservation and antipredator defence, we suggest that frequent movements of individuals within the balls involved selection of a thermal optimum to enhance ecdysis. Based on other studies of aggregation in animals, dynamic aggregative behaviour in newborn sibling C. cerastes implicates self-assembly and suggests that individuals benefit from behavioural interactions with their siblings. One plausible scenario for the evolution of this type of dynamic aggregation involves thermal selection among sibling neonates for optimal basking sites within natal refugia in extreme environments such as desert landscapes. Moreover, it is possibly limited to species of vipers (and other snakes) that are viviparous and where maternal care is present up to the time of shedding in neonates.
Employment effects of stabilization policies

This paper studies the effects of a stabilization program based on a reduction in the devaluation rate in an optimizing model with capital controls, minimum wages for unskilled labor, an informal sector, and public production of intermediate inputs. Perfect mobility across sectors of the unskilled labor force prevents the emergence of unemployment for that category of labor, but skilled unemployment prevails in equilibrium. The analysis highlights the role of endogenous labor market segmentation in assessing the wage and employment effects of stabilization policies. q 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Monitoring of distributed processes with mobile agents

The proliferation of networked and distributed systems presents a need for more tool development with regard to the monitoring and maintenance of distributed processes. The goal of this paper is to present a mechanism used to collect detailed process information from various remote Unix hosts on a network. The interface to this mechanism, a GUI applet, is accessible through a Java enabled browser such as Netscape Navigator. It presents the user with a menu of choices such as which host to view, and what process information to retrieve (I/O-bound processes, numbers of processes, individual/total process usage, etc.). The requested information is retrieved and displayed in a window presented by the GUI.
Ultrathin Silicon Oxide and Nitride — Silicon Interface States

Local electronic states at nanometer-thick silicon oxide and nitride films on Si can be studied on an unprecedented scale using low - energy cathodoluminescence spectroscopy to observe optical transitions of defect bonding arrangements at ultrathin film interfaces prepared by low -temperature plasma deposition. Our results illustrate significant differences in the dependence of specific defects at the oxide versus nitride interfaces on thermal annealing and hydrogenation.