cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons of male and female house crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae)

Abstract Cuticular lipids of adult male house crickets, Acheta domesticus (L.), contained greater amounts of 37-carbon dienes, 37-carbon monoenes, and 39-carbon dienes than did adult female and male nymphs. Although each group of these unsaturated hydrocarbons was a mixture, the major component of each was identified as (Z,Z)-7,25- heptatriacontadiene , (Z)-2- methyl-24-hexatriacontene and (Z,Z)-9,25- nonatriacontadiene , respectively.
Transmission of mutant phenotypes from ES cells to adult mice

Genetic manipulation of embryonic stem (ES) cells has been used to produce genetically engineered mice modeling human disorders. Here we describe a novel, additional application: selection for a phenotype of interest and subsequent transmission of that phenotype to a living mouse. We show, for the first time, that a cellular phenotype induced by ENU mutagenesis in ES cells can be transmitted and recapitulated in adult mice derived from these cells. We selected for paraquat-resistant (PQ(R)) ES clones. Subsequent injection of these cells into blastocysts resulted in the production of germline chimeras, from which tail skin fibroblasts exhibited enhanced PQ(R). This trait was also recovered in progeny of the chimera. We avoided PQ toxicity, which blocks the ability to involve the germline, by developing a sib-selection method, one that could be widely applied wherever the selection itself might diminish the pluripotency of the ES cells. Thus, phenotype-driven screens in ES cells are both feasible and efficient in producing intact mouse models for in vivo studies.
Presidents' wives and First Ladies: On achieving eminence within a traditional gender role

Women sometimes attain distinction through their relationships with highly successful men. This association may entail some combination of several individual and dyadic processes. Possible processes were explored in the lives of 48 wives and First Ladies associated with 39 U.S. Presidents. Three primary dimensions of the women's performance were used to determine the connection between their eminence and that of the President. Although a reflected-glory effect was apparent in the unreciprocated influence of the President's reputation on his First Lady's reputation, the woman's reputation was independently determined by (a) her performance as the President's political colleague and (b) her success at establishing her own distinct personality. On the other hand, her reputation was not influenced by her expertise in fulfilling more traditional gender role responsibilities. Some biographical antecedents of the women's performance were also identified.
Identification and chromosomal locations of aconitase gene loci in Triticeae species.

Two systems of monomeric aconitase (ACO) isozymes, designated ACO-1 and ACO-2, were identified in Triticum aestivum and in five diploid Triticeae species. The gene loci Aco-A1, Aco-B1, and Aco-D1 were located in T. aestivum cv. ‘Chinese Spring’ chromosome arms 6Aq, 6Bq, and 6Dq, respectively, and the gene loci Aco-A2, Aco-B2, and Aco-D2 in 5 Aq, 5 Bq, and 5Dq, respectively. Aco-1 gene loci were also identified in 6Eβ of Elytrigia elongata, 6HL of Hordeum vulgare cv. ‘Betzes’, 6RL of Secale cereale ‘PI 252003’, 6S1 of T. longissimum, and CSU-31 of T. umbellulatum. Other Aco-2 gene loci were identified in 5RL of S. cereale cv. ‘King II’ and 4EL of E. elongata. Conservation of synteny relationships is indicated among the species studied for the genes identified, with the exception of Aco-E2; the presence of this gene in 4EL suggests that E. elongata differs from ‘Chinese Spring’ and ‘King II’ by a translocation involving 4E and 5E.
Occupational allergic contact dermatitis is more prevalent than irritant contact dermatitis: a 5-year study.

Abstract Background: Irritant contact dermatitis is thought to be the leading cause of occupational skin disease in the United States. Recent reports suggest otherwise. Objectives: The purposes of this study were to determine the prevalence of allergic and irritant forms of occupational contact dermatitis in the population seen at a Midwestern dermatologic referral clinic, report professions commonly affected by occupational skin disease, and indicate which substances are frequent allergens. Methods: A retrospective analysis of patch test data collected at the University of Kansas between 1994 and 1999 was performed. Results: Of 537 patients who underwent patch testing, 135 (25%) had occupational skin disease. Allergic contact dermatitis affected 81 (60%) patients, and irritant contact dermatitis was found in 46 (34%). Health care professionals, machinists, and construction workers accounted for nearly half of all patients with occupational skin disease. Nickel sulfate, glutaraldehyde, and thiuram mix were the most common allergens. Conclusion: Patch tests with a wider array of allergens than those currently available in the United States are needed to prevent misdiagnosis of occupational contact dermatitis. (J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:698-9.)
Use of Gastric Decompression Tubes With Small-Bowel Feeding Tubes

My question is in relation to the clinical practice of having an orogastric or nasogastric tube hooked up to intermittent suction while the patient is being fed with a Keofeed tube (Kendall Medical) that is in the duodenum. Is this a proper practice? Is it not safe or is it incorrect to have an orogastric or nasogastric
Work in progress — A program to incorporate portable labs into lecture-based electrical and computer engineering courses

This Work in Progress paper describes the Teaching Enhancement via Small-Scale Affordable Labs (TESSAL) Center at Georgia Tech. This center is devoted to the development and implementation of distributed labs, that is, experiments that can be done by students at home or in the classroom. The objective is to introduce experiment-based active learning into typical lecture-based courses. A total of 1264 students at Georgia Tech have participated in TESSAL activities, and assessment is underway to determine its effectiveness in enhancing the learning of fundamental concepts and in inspiring the students in the topics being taught. This paper describes the best practices for implementing distributed labs as well as the infrastructure needed to support the labs: logistical plans, instructor resources, student resources, and web-based support.
A unified theory of elasticity and plasticity

Abstract It is shown that a certain set of rate theory type constitutive equations can give rise to both elastic behavior and plastic yield in infinitesmal strain both in loading and unloading. Elastic behavior corresponds to uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems of differential equations and holds when the equations satisfy a Lipschitz condition. This Lipschitz condition fails when a von Mises yield condition holds, and the corresponding nonuniqueness gives rise to plastic yield during loading. During plastic yield, the basic constitutive relations automatically turn into the Prandtl-Reuss equations. Upon unloading from yield, the stable solution of the equations dictates reentry into an elastic regime. The transition to and from plastic yield is exact and sudden, not asymptotic, but the transition is smooth. It is shown that linear behavior in the elastic regimes can be approximated arbitrarily closely. The theory can be extended to include strain hardening.
Radar Glory from Buried Craters on Icy Moons

Three ice-covered moons of Jupiter, in comparison with rocky planets and Earth's moon, produce radar echoes of astounding strengths and bizarre polarizations. Scattering from buried craters can explain these and other anomalous properties of the echoes. The role of such craters is analogous to that of the water droplets that create the apparition known as "the glory," the optically bright region surrounding an observer's shadow on a cloud. Both situations involve the electromagnetic phenomenon of total internal reflection at a dielectric interface, operating in a geometry that strongly favors exact backscattering. Dim surface craters are transformed into bright glory holes by being buried under somewhat denser material, thereby increasing the intensity of their echoes by factors of hundreds. The dielectric interface thus formed at the crater walls nicely accounts for the unusual polarizations of the echoes.
On-chip integrated spectrometer using nanobeam photonic crystal cavities

We demonstrate an integrated on-chip spectrometer employing photonic crystal nanobeam photonic crystal cavities for telecom wavelength. Acetylene absorption line was successfully measured by thermo-optic tuning of a single device.
Lung mechanical behavior during one-lung ventilation.

Abstract Objective: Switching from two-lung to one-lung ventilation would be expected to have large effects on lung mechanical properties, and these effects may depend on tidal volume and respiratory frequency. These changes in lung mechanics with one-lung ventilation may be similar to pulmonary edema. Deteriorating lung mechanics during pulmonary edema have been attributed to a loss of ventilated lung units. Therefore, changes in lung mechanics caused by one-lung ventilation were measured and compared with those previously seen during pulmonary edema. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Research laboratory. Interventions: After induction of anesthesia, beagle dogs' tracheas were intubated with an endotracheal tube with a bronchial blocker (Univent System Corp, Tokyo, Japan) to apply one-lung ventilation. The proper position of the bronchial blocker during one-lung ventilation was confirmed with a fiberoptic bronchoscope. Measurements and Main Results: Lung elastance (EL) and resistance (RL) were calculated from measurements of airway pressure, esophageal pressure, and airway flow in five anesthetized, paralyzed dogs during sinusoidal forcing at a constant mean airway pressure of 10 cmH2O in a wide range of breathing frequencies (0.2 to 1.0 Hz in intervals of 0.2) and tidal volumes (50, 100, 200, and to 300 mL). Measurements were made before and after the left mainstem bronchus was occluded with the bronchial blocker. During ventilation of both lungs, EL and RL depended relatively little on frequency, and both EL and RL were independent of tidal volume. During one-lung ventilation, EL doubled and, at most frequencies, RL increased; frequency dependences were not increased, and no dependence on tidal volume was observed. Conclusions: The lack of tidal volume dependence in EL and lack of large-frequency dependence in RL during one-lung ventilation are inconsistent with changes induced by severe pulmonary edema. Although decreases in ventilatable lung volume may contribute to increases in lung elastance, other characteristics of mechanical behavior during one-lung ventilation differ from those of pulmonary edema; therefore, other additional mechanisms must be involved in determining lung mechanical properties during severe pulmonary edema.
Sublethal Doses of Malathion and Dichlorvos: Effects on Fecundity of the Black Carpet Beetle

Attagenus megatoma (F.) that survived treatment with the LD50 doses of malathion or dichlorvos had reduced fecundity, longevity, and duration of oviposition. Fecundity was reduced 63% by malathion and 74% by dichlorvos; 16% of the beetles treated with malathion and 30% of those treated with dichlorvos failed to produce progeny; and treated beetles were induced by the stress of the compounds to oviposit prematurely. Thus, 41 and 45% reductions in fecundity were produced by the treatment with malathion and dichlorvos, respectively.
Evaluation of a closed circuit television patient education program: Structure, process and outcome

Few planners of a closed circuit television (CCTV) patient-education program have shared the evaluation of their program with other health agencies who are planning or considering such programs. This paper addresses the evaluation of the structure and process of developing and implementing such a program, and analyzes the outcome and cost effectiveness of one CCTV program. Two separate studies of patients at this hospital revealed that 6.5% and 1.7% of patients viewed the CCTV channel. The authors examined the possible factors contributing to the poor viewing habits of patients: (1) technical malfunctions, (2) low patient awareness, (3) minimal staff promotion, (4) nature of patient population. Planning processes and program structure are also examined to determine how they contributed to the outcomes. For example, incorrect planning assumptions and marketing strategies and failure to predict system barriers were possible factors. Finally, the costs involved in planning, implementing and monitoring the CCTV program are examined.
A control panel interface for graphics and image processing applications

This paper describes a graphical interface for application programs. The interface is based on the notion of a control panel. A control panel contains a browsable list of an application's parameters and a set of functions to control the application's execution. A variety of graphical knobs and gauges may be associated with any or all of the parameters to permit fine-grain execution control, including animation of an application's output. The control panel interface is integrated into the framework of an interactive programming environment for graphics and image processing applications. This integration is an important feature of the overall interface design.
Cloud computing and mapreduce for reliability and scalability of ubiquitous learning systems

Ubiquitous learning research is about seamlessly enabling learning through the use of sensors that gather dataw from the learner surroundings and adapt learning contents accordingly. Nowadays, mobile devices play a big part of these systems due to their advanced capabilities, like communicating with other devices through different methods and standards, and the ability to connect other gadgets expanding functionality even further. On the other hand, sensors integrated with these systems are very advanced and sophisticated making it possible to gather tremendous amount of data. In this paper a new Ubiquitous Learning system architecture is presented. This new architecture enabled solutions for some major challenges in the field. A Ubiquitous Learning system design and implementation is presented as a use case. The system adapts learning contents based on applying an understanding degree detection algorithm on an input of brain signals collected from the learning student. The adapted learning contents are then sent back over to be displayed on a mobile device. The main focus of this paper is to show how the new architecture supports the necessary reliability and scalability for such systems. I'm proposing in this paper that using Cloud Computing and MapReduce as the architecture main building blocks lead to better approaches and solutions for these two problems. Evaluation showed the effectiveness of using the proposed architecture to support systems with an increasing number of users.
Investigating effects of screen layout elements on interface and screen design aesthetics

A recent study suggested the use of the screen layout elements of balance, unity, and sequence as a part of a computational model of interface aesthetics. It is argued that these three elements are the most contributed terms in the model. In the current study, a controlled experiment was designed and conducted to systematically investigate effects of these three elements (balance, unity, and sequence) on the perceived interface aesthetics. Results showed that the three elements have significant effects on the perceived interface aesthetics. Significant interactions were also found among the three elements. A regression model relating the perceived visual aesthetics to the three elements was constructed. When validating the model using standard questionnaire scores of real web pages, high correlations were found between the values computed by the model and scores of questionnaire items related to visual layout of the web pages, indicating that layout-based measures are good at assessing the classical dimension of website aesthetics.
Keratocyte density in vivo after photorefractive keratectomy in humans.

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine changes in keratocyte density in central human corneas in vivo after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK). METHODS: Fifteen patients (25 eyes) received excimer PRK (VISX Star) with epithelial removal by laser-scrape (43 microns ablation followed by manual scrape) to correct myopia between -1.5 D and -7.25 D. Corneas were examined by using confocal microscopy in vivo before PRK and at 1 day, 5 days, 1 month, and 3 months after PRK. A custom automated image-processing algorithm identified bright objects (keratocytes) against a dark background and estimated keratocyte density by using the number and size of the objects. Cell density was quantified in anteroposterior stromal regions after PRK and compared to cell density in corresponding pre-PRK regions. RESULTS: One day after PRK, keratocyte density increased 9% in the anterior third of the stroma (pi = .003), was unchanged in the middle third of the stroma (pi = .481), and decreased 6% in the posterior third of the stroma (pi = .038). Keratocyte density remained elevated in the anterior stroma to 3 months after PRK; at this time, there was a 13% increase in keratocyte density throughout the full-thickness stroma (pi < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Keratocyte density was increased in the anterior stroma immediately after PRK in humans. Three months later, keratocyte density was increased in all anteroposterior stromal regions, suggesting that PRK affects keratocytes throughout the entire central cornea.
Use of an Embalming Machine to Create a Central Venous Access Model in Human Cadavers

Background: Human cadavers provide an effective model for procedural training; however, inconsistent blood return during central venous cannulation compromises the overall reliability of this procedure. Objective: To create and quantitatively assess a human cadaver central venous access model using a continuously-run embalming machine. Curriculum: Emergency medicine (EM) faculty at Indiana University created this model for a procedure lab designed for EM residents. The right femoral artery was identified by superficial dissection and cannulated distally towards the lower leg. This cannula was connected to a Duotronic embalming machine with a solution composed of 16 oz of 24-index fluid and 3 gallons of tap water at a fixed output of 13 pounds per square inch (psi). Next, the left subclavian vein and artery were identified by dissection and each was cannulated with an 18 gauge angiocath connected to a continuous pressure monitor. Pressures (mmHg) in the subclavian vein and artery were measured continuously while study personnel cannulated the left femoral, right subclavian, right supraclavicular, and right internal jugular veins. This model was assessed for dual sessions lasting two hours each with a two hour break in-between. Results: During the first session, subclavian pressures were measured at 3 mmHg venous and 22 mmHg arterial, increasing to 11 mmHg venous and 27 mmHg arterial during the second session. Residents were able to withdraw at least 5 milliliters at each central venous site in the embalmed cadaver. Conclusions: We created a reliable and measurable central venous access model in a fresh-frozen human cadaver using a standard embalming machine.
A motion-incorporated reconstruction method for gated PET studies

Cardiac and respiratory motion artefacts in PET imaging have been traditionally resolved by acquiring the data in gated mode. However, gated PET images are usually characterized by high noise content due to their low photon statistics. In this paper, we present a novel 4D model for the PET imaging system, which can incorporate motion information to generate a motion-free image with all acquired data. A computer simulation and a phantom study were conducted to test the performance of this approach. The computer simulation was based on a digital phantom that was continuously scaled during data acquisition. The phantom study, on the other hand, used two spheres in a tank of water, all of which were filled with (18)F water. One of the spheres was stationary while the other moved in a sinusoidal fashion to simulate tumour motion in the thorax. Data were acquired using both 4D CT and gated PET. Motion information was derived from the 4D CT images and then used in the 4D PET model. Both studies showed that this 4D PET model had a good motion-compensating capability. In the phantom study, this approach reduced quantification error of the radioactivity concentration by 95% when compared to a corresponding static acquisition, while signal-to-noise ratio was improved by 210% when compared to a corresponding gated image.
The DEAD Box Helicase RDE-12 Promotes Amplification of RNAi in Cytoplasmic Foci in C. elegans

RNAi is a potent mechanism for downregulating gene expression. Conserved RNAi pathway components are found in animals, plants, fungi, and other eukaryotes. In C. elegans, the RNAi response is greatly amplified by the synthesis of abundant secondary small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Exogenous double-stranded RNA is processed by Dicer and RDE-1/Argonaute into primary siRNA that guides target mRNA recognition. The RDE-10/RDE-11 complex and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase RRF-1 then engage the target mRNA for secondary siRNA synthesis. However, the molecular link between primary siRNA production and secondary siRNA synthesis remains largely unknown. Furthermore, it is unclear whether the subcellular sites for target mRNA recognition and degradation coincide with sites where siRNA synthesis and amplification occur. In the C. elegans germline, cytoplasmic P granules at the nuclear pores and perinuclear Mutator foci contribute to target mRNA surveillance and siRNA amplification, respectively. We report that RDE-12, a conserved phenylalanine-glycine (FG) domain-containing DEAD box helicase, localizes in P granules and cytoplasmic foci that are enriched in RSD-6 but are excluded from the Mutator foci. Our results suggest that RDE-12 promotes secondary siRNA synthesis by orchestrating the recruitment of RDE-10 and RRF-1 to primary siRNA-targeted mRNA in distinct cytoplasmic compartments.
Methylphenidate and serum prolactin in man

Methylphenidate induces psychostimulation and increases cardiovascular parameters, and its psychostimulant effects have been proposed to occur via a dopaminergic mechanism. The effect of methylphenidate on serum prolactin was utilized as a method of evaluating methylphenidate's central dopaminergic effects. Methylphenidate was not found to exhibit a consistent effect on serum prolactin. Thus, its effect on serum prolactin does not parallel its behavioral activating properties, suggesting that such activation may not involve dopamine. Possibly, norepinephrine or other noncatecholaminergic neurotransmitters are involved in methylphenidate-induced behavioral activation.
Comparison of a continuous ultrasonic irrigation device and conventional needle irrigation in the removal of root canal debris

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare a continuous ultrasonic irrigation device (VPro StreamClean System [VSS], Vista Dental Products, Racine, WI) with conventional needle irrigation when used as a final irrigation procedure to debride the apical region of the root canal. The null hypothesis that there is no difference was tested. Methods Root canals of matched pairs (N = 20) of extracted human teeth were prepared to an apical size of 36/.04 using Profile series 29/.04 rotary files (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK) with 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) irrigation. One tooth of each pair was randomly assigned to receive final irrigation with either VSS or conventional needle irrigation. The gauge of the needle (#30), the irrigation cycles (ie, 5 mL NaOCl, 5 mL 15% EDTA, and 5 mL NaOCl), the irrigant flow rate (5 mL/min), and needle depth placement (1 mm from the working length [WL]) were experimental constants. Serial sections were obtained at 1 and 3 mm from the WL, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and viewed at 100× magnification for the presence of debris. The percentage of debris in the canal lumen after VSS or conventional needle irrigation was compared by using the Wilcoxon matched pairs test. Results There was significantly less debris in the VSS group compared with the conventional needle irrigation group at the 1-mm level (1.50% [VSS] vs 9.90% [conventional needle irrigation], P = .0001) and the 3-mm level (0.45% [VSS] vs 5.16% [conventional needle irrigation], P = .0014). The null hypothesis was rejected. Conclusions Final irrigation with the VSS compared with conventional needle irrigation delivery resulted in significantly less debris present in root canals at 1 and 3 mm from the WL.
Convection and the formation of thin current sheets in the near‐Earth plasma sheet

Particle simulations are used to investigate plasma sheet convection in a realistic near-Earth magnetic field model including dipolelike and taillike regions. Convection leads to the formation of a thin current region characterized by a strong electrostatic potential and a depressed equatorial magnetic field component in which the cross tail current is carried predominantly by the electrons as a result of their E x B and diamagnetic drifts. Implications for the thin current sheets observed in the near-Earth magnetotail during substorm growth phase are discussed. 18 refs., 4 figs.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Novel Terminal and Bridging Re(V)-Sulfido Complexes.

The new μ-sulfido complex of rhenium(V) shown was one of the new complexes prepared and characterized, along with a mononuclear rhenium(V) complex with one coordinated PPh3.
MapReduce on opportunistic resources leveraging resource availability

MapReduce is a popular large-scale parallel data processing framework. In the context of MapReduce processing on volunteer computing environments, it is important to devise scheduling and data placement policies that account for characteristics of opportunistic resources. This paper investigates availability characteristics of opportunistic resources with analyses based on log traces from the SETI@Home project. Based on the analysis, the paper devises heuristics to leverage the uptime of each available session to detect possibly long-lasting resources. Our proposed session uptime-based resource availability prediction approach shows a two-fold reduction in the number of service disturbance compared to an availability-rate based model. The paper paper investigates a heuristic that differentiates stable nodes from unstable nodes while increasing the chance of leveraging existing data blocks.
Anomalous Nucleation Far from Equilibrium

We present precision Monte Carlo data and analytic arguments for an asymmetric exclusion process, involving two species of particles driven in opposite directions on a $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}L$ lattice. To resolve a stark discrepancy between earlier simulation data and an analytic conjecture, we argue that the presence of a single macroscopic cluster is an intermediate stage of a complex nucleation process: in smaller systems, this cluster is destabilized while larger systems form multiple clusters. Both limits lead to exponential cluster size distributions, controlled by very different length scales.
Survey About Pedestrian Safety and Attitudes Toward Automated Traffic Enforcement in Washington, D.C.

Objective: Pedestrians represent more than one third of all traffic deaths in Washington, D.C. The District plans to expand its long-standing automated traffic enforcement program in 2013 from speed and red light cameras to cameras to enforce pedestrian right-of-way laws at crosswalks and stop sign laws. This study collected information on the opinions, behaviors, and knowledge of D.C. residents related to camera enforcement and pedestrian safety issues. Methods: A telephone survey of 801 adult D.C. residents was conducted in November 2012 with approximately equal numbers of respondents in each of D.C.'s eight wards. Quotas were used to ensure that the sample was representative of the demographic characteristics of adults in each ward. For analyses combining responses across the wards, data were weighted to correspond with the demographic characteristics of adults in the city. Results: Most respondents believed that drivers speeding, running red lights, running stop signs, and not stopping for pedestrians...
One size does not fit all (but a good model might): the academic media & technology pyramid

This paper presents a design philosophy for the targeted and cost-effective delivery of information technology services that balance innovation and infrastructure needs within an academic institution. Utilizing case studies from Yale University, the model which describes this philosophy is presented as generalizeable allowing accommodation of academic populations of different sizes, cultures and budgets. A key element is the ability to readily adapt to new technology through appropriate innovation while maintaining core commitments to production services, both of which are necessary for the effective infusion of IT in an academic environment.
Cycloaddition to an anthracene-derived macrocyclic receptor with supramolecular control of regioselectivity

N-Ethylmaleimide and maleic anhydride add to the interior face of one anthracene wall with unusual 1,4-regioselectivity, whereas singlet oxygen adds to both anthracene walls with 9,10-regioselectivity.
Random limited-scan to improve random pattern testing of scan circuits

We propose a method of random pattern generation for at-speed testing of circuits with scan. The proposed method uses limited scan operations to achieve complete fault coverage. Under a limited scan operation, the circuit state is shifted by a number of positions which may be smaller than the number of state variables. Limited scan operations are inserted randomly to ensure that the complete test set can be generated by a random pattern generator with simple control logic.
Smoking, Nicotine Dependence, and Depressive Symptoms in the CARDIA Study Effects of Educational Status

The present study was designed to determine whether depressive symptoms are independently associated with smoking and nicotine dependence among cigarette smokers, using 1990-1991 data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. A total of 3,933 participants (788 black men, 1,090 black women, 974 white men, and 1,081 white women) aged 23-35 years were included. Analyses were stratified by race and sex. Depressive symptoms were measured by means of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) Scale. Nicotine dependence was defined as smoking one's first cigarette of the day within 30 minutes of awakening. Analysis of covariance was used to control for potential covariates (age, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and education). In unadjusted comparisons, smokers had more depressive symptoms than never smokers in all groups except white men; this relation showed little change after adjustment for age, body mass index, and alcohol consumption. However, after adjustment for education in addition to the above variables, these differences became attenuated and were significant only among white women (adjusted CES-D score difference = 1.9, p < 0.02). When analyses were further stratified by nicotine dependence, dependent smokers had higher CES-D scores than never smokers in all groups. The differences again became attenuated when education was added to the model, and were significant only among black women (adjusted CES-D score difference = 2.3, p < 0.01). These results indicate that although smoking in general and nicotine-dependent smoking in particular are related to symptoms of depression, controlling for educational level attenuates these relations.
Bridging key research dilemmas: Quantitative research using a critical eye

This chapter serves as a guide for quantitative researchers who seek to approach their research questions critically.
SYNTHETICA 2.0: SOFTWARE FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF CONSTRAINED SERIAL CHAINS

A spatial linkage is defined by a workpiece supported by one or more serial chains. We say that the spatial linkage can perform a given task when this task belongs to its workspace. A task can be specified as a discrete set of positions or as a set of curves or surfaces. Spatial serial chains can be synthesized to perform specified tasks, and combined to form more complicated linkages. Recently we developed Synthetica 1.0, a Java-based architecture for the computer-aided-design of spatial linkages that contains task definition and visualization, and linkage visualization, analysis and synthesis modules. In this paper, we present the new version, Synthetica 2.0. Among other additions, the new version includes task interpolation, a selection matrix, a generic synthesizer and several specialized synthesis procedures for constrained spatial linkages.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Connecting Self-Esteem and Achievement: Diversity in Academic Identification and Dis-identification Patterns Among Black College Students

Using a person-oriented approach, we explored patterns of self-esteem and achievement among 324 Black college students across the freshman college year and identified four academic identification profiles. Multivariate analyses revealed profile differences in academic and psychological outcomes at beginning and end of freshman year (academic contingencies of self-esteem, anxiety, depressive symptoms, perceived stress), suggesting different conditions under which connections between self-esteem and achievement relate to positive or negative adjustment. Results also suggested a strong, positive racial group identification supports psychologically adaptive connections between self-esteem and achievement. Findings highlight challenges and benefits of connecting self-esteem to achievement for Black college students, heterogeneity within this population, and the relevance of considering race and cultural factors when studying achievement motivation processes among Black students.
Propagation on a Ported Coaxial Cable Buried in Flat Earth

Consider a horizontal coaxial cable with periodic slots in the outer conductor. This ?leaky cable? is buried in the earth as one component of an intruder detection system. We develop the theory for surface-wave propagation on the cable in the presence of the planar air-earth interface. Numerical results are included for the phase velocity and attenuation constant as functions of the various parameters. Data are presented for the electric-field strength at the air-earth interface, and the electric-field distribution in the air region above the buried cable.
The Bible in the Fourteenth Century: Some Observations

One of the most pressing needs in the field of medieval biblical studies is for an adequate historical overview of developments in the late Middle Ages. One of the pioneers, the late Beryl Smalley, never fully achieved the intended sequel to her magisterial Study of the Bible in the Middle Ages, although her English Friars and Antiquity was an excellent beginning, particularly for the early fourteenth-century English group.' Other surveys end with Nicholas of Lyra, skip from the thirteenth century to the Reformation, or give only the most cursory attention to the late medieval period.2 And yet the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries were rich in biblical commentaries, and scholars have long considered a more precise understanding of developments in that period to be essential for an adequate appreciation of the character and significance of biblical commentaries in the early sixteenth century. Studies of individual commentators are not lacking. Wyclif's contributions have long been known and studied. More recently there have been monographs on Henry of Langenstein, Nicholas of Dinkelsbiihl, and others, and it will be works of this kind that eventually will provide the solid foundation on which a history of the Bible in the late Middle Ages can be written.3 By way of a supplement to what we know and as a plea for what can and ought to be done, the following remarks are an attempt to correct some misunderstand-
Incomplete Inclusion: Legal Violence and Immigrants in Liminal Legal Statuses

Although US political discourse suggests otherwise, no simple dichotomy separates “documented” from “undocumented” immigrants. By examining the integration prospects of immigrants in “liminal” legal standings beyond undocumented status but short of permanent residency, we demonstrate that even when they are legally present, the implementation practices of a multilayered immigration policy regime may cause them harm. Our analyses draw on 108 qualitative interviews with immigrants who have been granted humanitarian relief, including U Visa holders, beneficiaries of the Violence against Women Act provisions, political asylees, and Temporary Protected Status recipients. As a result of “legal violence,” these legally present immigrants remain vulnerable to blocked mobility, persistent fear of deportation, and instability, confusion, and self-blame.
Role of the GATA-1/FOG-1/NuRD Pathway in the Expression of Human β-Like Globin Genes

The human beta-globin genes are expressed in a developmentally controlled fashion. Studies on the molecular mechanisms underlying the stage-specific regulation of globin genes have been fueled by the clinical benefit of elevated fetal gamma-globin expression in patients with sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Recent reports suggested a role of the hematopoietic transcription factor GATA-1, its cofactor FOG-1, and the associated chromatin remodeling complex NuRD in the developmental silencing of HBG1 and HBG2 gene expression. To examine whether FOG-1 via NuRD controls HBG1 and HBG2 silencing in vivo, we created mice in which the FOG-1/NuRD complex is disrupted (A. Miccio et al., EMBO J. 29:442-456, 2010) and crossed these with animals carrying the entire human beta-globin gene locus as a transgene. We found that the FOG-1/NuRD interaction is dispensable for the silencing of human HBG1 and HBG2 expression. In addition, mutant animals displayed normal silencing of the endogenous embryonic globin genes. In contrast, a significant reduction of adult-type human and murine globin gene expression was found in adult bone marrows of mutant animals. These results suggest that, unexpectedly, NuRD is required for FOG-1-dependent activation of adult-type globin gene expression but is dispensable for human gamma-globin silencing in vivo.
Bonus of rebate?: the impact of income framing on spending and saving

All income increases a person’s absolute wealth, but consumption decisions may be based more heavily on perceived changes in wealth. Change is computed by comparing a current statewith a former state, and we predicted that peoplewould be more likely to spend income framed as a gain from a current wealth state than income framed as a return to a prior state. Four experiments confirmed this prediction on people’s memory for spending of a government tax rebate (Experiment 1), on unobtrusive self-report measures of spending an unexpected windfall (Experiments 2 and 3), and on actual spending on items for sale in a laboratory experiment (Experiment 4). These results can be explained, at least in part, by the reference points implied in the framing of income (follow-ups to Experiments 1 and 4). Discussion focuses on implications for the consumption of other commodities, assessments of risk, and government tax policies. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Change management and outsourcing in information technology-intensive organisations

The practice of outsourcing Information Technology (IT) is relatively commonplace as a business best practice strategy can be a very viable alternative for almost any company, but has lead to much criticism as well. As the practice is increasing rapidly in popularity, management must take proactive policies and procedures to deal directly with these criticisms in a positive manner and reduce the negative aspects of IT outsourcing. It is recommended that a change-management process is actively pursued by management in order that it becomes a critical element in IT-intensive organisations. The major goals of this paper are to document these positive and negative aspects of IT outsourcing and suggest corrective steps to minimise the negative impacts of such practices through the synergies associated with change management principles.
The Short and Long Run Effects of Daylight Saving Time on Fatal Automobile Crashes

Prior literature suggests that Daylight Saving Time (DST) can both increase the risk of automobile crashes in the short run and decrease the risk of automobile crashes in the long run. We use 28 years (1976-2003) of automobile crash data from the United States, and exploit a natural experiment arising from a 1986 federal law that changed the time when states switched to DST to identify the short run and long run effects of DST on automobile crashes. Our findings suggest that (1) DST has no significant detrimental effect on automobile crashes in the short run; (2) DST significantly reduces automobile crashes in the long run with a 8-11% fall in crashes involving pedestrians, and a 6-10% fall in crashes for vehicular occupants in the weeks after the spring shift to DST.
Hypopituitarism Associated with Epilepsy Following Head InjuryReport of Two Cases

IN THE course of our studies on hypopituitarism we have found that the pattern varies considerably from case to case. In women the usual picture is that described by Sheehan (1). In men there are a variety of causes for the condition. Among others,we have found two in whom it developed following head injuries. The association of the manifestations of hypopituitarism with epileptiform seizures in these two cases seems to us of sufficient interest to warrant publication. We have made rather extensive clinical and laboratory studies on both cases and have an autopsy on one. CASE REPORTS The case reports are as follows: the first patient, J. S. (unit no. 396,128), a 46 year old married Jewish factory worker, was referred to one of us (J. L.), because of a “gland condition” and convulsions. For many years—20 or more—he had suffered every 4–6 weeks with attacks, which were epileptiform in character. The attacks were not accompanied by visual, auditory or uncinate aura. The frequency of the attacks was only part...
Endoscopic Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage

A well-described complication of acute and chronic pancreatitis is pancreatic pseudocyst formation. As patients convalesce from acute pancreatic inflammation, it is not uncommon to develop complications from the presence or progression of pseudocyst(s). Likewise, those patients with chronic pancreatitis may experience symptoms from pseudocyst formation. These may include abdominal pain, gastric outlet obstruction, biliary obstruction, pseudocyst infection, or fistulization. In the setting of symptoms or complications from pseudocyst development, drainage of the pseudocyst by percutaneous, endoscopic (transmural or transpapillary), or surgical approach has been described. At present, no prospective studies have been performed comparing methods of pseudocyst drainage. However, endoscopic drainage appears to have acceptable success, recurrence, and complication rates to be considered first-line therapy. Transmural drainage may be either transgastric or transduodenal, and is selected based on the most easily accessible region for drainage. Transpapillary drainage can be performed when communication between the main pancreatic duct and the pseudocyst is demonstrated by pancreatography. The techniques utilized to perform transpapillary and transmural endoscopic drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts are discussed in this article. This chapter will not address the endoscopic approach to management and drainage of pancreatic necrosis or infected pseudocysts.
Channel modeling and simulation for mobile user objective system (MUOS)--Part II: selective scintillation and terrestrial multipath fading

Performance of the mobile user objective system is dominated by the channel conditions characterized by ionospheric scintillation and multipath fading. Detail analytical modeling for flat channel is provided in part I of this paper, while the emphasis for part II of this paper is on wideband waveforms. Efficient computer simulation techniques for the selective scintillation and terrestrial multipath fading channel impairment have been presented.
A Randomized, Double-Blind Evaluation of d-Cycloserine or Alprazolam Combined With Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Iraq and Afghanistan War Veterans

Six sessions of virtual reality exposure therapy reduced PTSD symptoms in Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, but the treatment was less effective when augmented with alprazolam, and only more effective with [d]-cycloserine when extinction learning was well achieved between sessions. Clinicians should be cautious in the use of benzodiazepines in patients with PTSD.
Initial response of evapotranspiration from tallgrass prairie vegetation to CO2 at subambient to elevated concentrations

Summary 1. Effects of CO 2 enrichment on leaf transpiration are well-documented, but our understanding of how CO 2 interacts with other variables to regulate evapotranspiration from plant communities is more limited. 2. A series of weighing lysimeters in which tallgrass prairie species had been planted were exposed to a subambient to elevated gradient in CO 2 in a field chamber. Lysimeters with intact monoliths of three soil types were represented along the CO 2 gradient. We used regression analysis to determine how CO 2 effects on evapotranspiration per unit of soil surface area (ET soil ) and per unit of leaf area (ET la ) depended on variation in leaf area index (LAI) and diurnal changes in environmental variables during the initial 6 weeks of CO 2 treatment. 3. CO 2 enrichment reduced ET soil and ET la , and together with air temperature and LAI accounted for most of the variance in daily values of evapotranspiration explained by multiple regression models. The CO 2 effect on ET soil did not depend on values of other variables, but CO 2 enrichment reduced ET la most at relatively low air temperatures and low LAI for all soils combined. Higher temperatures countered the CO 2 effect by increasing ET la more at elevated than subambient CO 2 . Higher LAI countered the CO 2 effect by decreasing ET la more at subambient than elevated concentrations. Plant (LAI) and environmental effects on ET la differed among soils, possibly because plant growth patterns and physiology differed among soils. 4. Our results imply that the CO 2 effect on evapotranspiration per unit of leaf area will vary with seasonal change in temperature and LAI, independent of seasonal shifts in leaf age and physiological activity.