cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of an apical sodium conductance in rabbit cecum

Rabbit cecum in vitro exhibits electrogenic Na+ absorption not blocked by amiloride but inhibited by the amiloride analogue phenamil, suggesting transport mediated by modified Na+ channels in the apical membrane. To further characterize the mechanism(s) of Na+ absorption, microelectrode impalements of single epithelial cells were performed to measure intracellular potential difference (psi mc) and fractional resistance of the apical membrane, to characterize ionic conductances of the apical and basolateral membranes, and to determine the response to phenamil. The electrical potential profile of cecum (psi mc = -31 +/- 2 mV, fractional resistance = 0.71 +/- 0.03) was qualitatively similar to distal colon. The apical membrane exhibited responses suggesting both Na+ and K+ conductances, whereas the basolateral membrane appeared to have a predominant K+ conductance. Phenamil elicited a depolarization of psi mc and a decrease in fractional resistance; neither response is consistent with inhibition of an apical Na+ conductance. Studies were performed in apical membrane vesicles to characterize ionic conductances by a second independent methodology. These additional studies confirmed the presence of an apical Na+ conductance not inhibited by either amiloride or phenamil. Thus both microelectrode impalement and vesicle studies demonstrated an apical membrane Na+ conductance in rabbit cecum; this is the likely mechanism of electrogenic Na+ absorption in this epithelium. However, the anomalous response to phenamil suggests that the inhibitory effect of this agent is not directly on the conductance. The cecal transporter may be one of a family of cation channels related to, but significantly different from, the classic Na+ channel found in distal colon and other tight epithelia.
Thoracic outlet syndrome. The results of first rib resection in 100 patients.

SUMMARY We examined 100 patients with the TOS treated surgically. One hundred and twenty first ribs were resected using the transaxillary approach. Ninety per cent good and excellent results were obtained. EMGs and conduction studies through the outlet are of little value. Many of our patients presented with a double crush syndrome. Trauma was a significant antecedent in 44 per cent of our patients. The diagnosis of TOS depends on a careful clinical evaluation. There are no laboratory tests, x-rays, electrical studies, or infallible clinical tests to establish the diagnosis. There will always be some errors in diagnosis, and surgery must be advised on a basis of exclusion and with great reservation.
Barriers to Independently Accessing Care Among Detention Youth

Youth in juvenile detention suffer from various health disparities that warrant access to health and mental health care. Although adjudicated youth receive health care while detained, many are disconnected from youth-serving institutions that may facilitate access to care when in the community. Examining the unique challenges impacting detention youth’s independent access to health services has the potential to improve health care services for this high-risk population. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 13 detention youth, and five health professionals serving justice-involved youth to identify barriers preventing detention youth from independently accessing care. Individual-level and structural barriers were identified. Individual-level barriers included youth’s lack of knowledge in a variety of areas, including fear, disinterest, and instability. Structural barriers included clinic restrictions on when patients can access services, challenging scheduling processes, and difficult interactions wi...
The Foreign-Born and the Native-Born: Are Their Elderly Migration and Settlement Growth Patterns Different?

This chapter illustrates a general method for analyzing the demographic processes that contribute to population growth and distribution in a multiregional population system that is “open” to international migration. The method incorporates a historical perspective that can be used to trace dynamic population processes as they evolve over time and space. It uses an open multiregional projection model framework for identifying the contributions to regional growth rates made by each of the principal demographic components of change: fertility, mortality, outmigration, inmigration, emigration, and immigration. At the same time, the method recognizes the importance of disaggregating the native-born and foreign-born populations. Publically available data and indirect estimation techniques are used to develop the inputs for the projection model, with which the regional population changes are reconstructed for each five-year period between 1950 and 1990. Regional growth rates for the native-born and foreign-born populations are partitioned into the separate demographic components of change, and the projection model also identifies the separate contributions made by each of the sub-populations. This allows a direct comparison of the impacts of immigration with those of native-born contributions effected through internal migration and natural increase.
Omniscient Narrators and the Return of the Gothic in Northanger Abbey and Bleak House

In the preceding chapter, I argued that Smith’s invisible hand functions through the use of a spatialized ‘double perspective’ that combines the knowledge of the helpless sovereign with the moral agency of the limited individual economic (and moral) agent, the limits of each position being comprehended by a theorist with a view of the whole. In this chapter and the ones that follow, I will be examining some of the ways that novelists writing in the years of political economy’s first flush of prestige (roughly 1800–50) adopted similar techniques in order to dramatize the unpredictable fates of moral actions in complex societies. Like Smith, they tried to imagine the invisible order that lurked behind the chaos of visible details, and constructed stories composed of several different perspectives to do so. They heightened the dramatic irony of the epistemological distance between author and characters to both tragic and comic effect. In doing this they adopted some of Smith’s mordant awareness of folly and delusion as well as his assertion of generally optimistic outcomes. In this chapter I will focus on two novels that respond to the difficulties of representing multiple points of view in complex societies by inventing uneasy and yet dialectically vibrant composites of genres and narrative perspectives.
Teaching the Special Needs Learner: When Words Are Not Enough

Extension educators and volunteers provide programs to people of all ages and abilities. This includes individuals with developmental disabilities. Individuals with autism and other developmental disabilities often have difficulty communicating verbally but have strong visual learning skills. This article describes the importance of using visual tools in Extension programs and provides models using the software application Boardmaker®. Visual supports increase communication and learning and help to ensure that content matter is accessible to all audiences.
Risky Mothers and the Normalcy Project: Women with Disabilities Negotiate Scientific Motherhood

Feminist scholars have been critical of the expectations placed upon mothers to accomplish a perfect version of motherhood, but have often failed to interrogate the values about normalcy and disabi...
Governing Risk and the Information Silo Problem: Engineering a Systemic Cultural and Communications Solution for Cyber

Cyberattack may be the single biggest threat to enterprises of any size. Corporate directors are required to manage and mitigate such risks. Cybersecurity is currently an expensive and ineffective mess. All too often cyber defense is viewed through any of several myopic lenses, for example, as primarily a “code” or “crypto” problem. However, contemporary cybersecurity requires a systemic engineering approach that recognizes the organizational, cultural and social psychological barriers to effectively dealing with this problem. As with most things in life, effective communications is the key to organizing disparate groups of humans into collective behavioral change needed to accomplish a common objective - in this case, effective cybersecurity. At the most fundamental level our basis cyber problem is that we have at least three diverse groups of cyber constituents (individuals, government, and business) who lack a behavioral pattern of talking with each other very much. Worse than that, sub cultures within these groups have developed folkways over time where candor has not been rewarded and telling inconvenient truths to superiors about major problems has become systematically discouraged. Therefore, navigating the cyber ecosystem and structuring effective solutions to the cyber problem will require recognizing and overcoming difficult truths about organizational and human behavior. To be truly useful, this paper must identify and provide a schematic to break down the communication silos existing in and between academia, industry, governments, and among the general population. To be effective, this paper must be read and discussed. My hope is that this brief essay will influence the dialogue regarding national approaches required to organize, equip and conduct aggressive defensive and deterrent activities in the information sphere.
Wind-integration benefits of controlled plug-in electric vehicle charging

Flexibility in plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) charging can reduce the ancillary cost effects of wind variability and uncertainty on electric power systems. In this paper, we study these benefits of PEV charging, demonstrating that controlled PEV charging can reduce costs associated with wind uncertainty and variability. Interestingly, we show that the system does not require complete control of PEV-charging loads to mitigate the negative cost impacts of wind variability and uncertainty. Rather, PEV owners giving the system a two-hour window of flexibility in which to recharge their vehicles provides much of the benefits that giving full charging control does.
A novel reproducible model of aortic aneurysm rupture.

Abstract Introduction Given the unknown biologic antecedents before aortic aneurysm rupture, the purpose of this study was to establish a reproducible model of aortic aneurysm rupture. Methods We fed 7-week-old apolipoprotein E deficient mice a high-fat diet for 4 weeks and osmotic infusion pumps containing Angiotensin II were implanted. Angiotensin II was delivered continuously for 4 weeks at either 1,000 ng/kg/min (n = 25) or 2,000 ng/kg/min (n = 29). A third group (n = 14) were given Angiotensin II at 2,000 ng/kg/min and 0.2% β-aminopropionitrile dissolved in drinking water. Surviving mice were killed 28 days after pump placement, aortic diameters were measured, and molecular analyses were performed. Results Survival at 28 days was significantly different among groups with 80% survival in the 1,000 ng/kg/min group, 52% in the 2,000 ng/kg/min group, and only 14% in the Angiotensin II/β-aminopropionitrile group (P = .0001). Concordantly, rupture rates were statistically different among groups (8% versus 38% versus 79%, P Conclusions A reproducible model of aortic aneurysm rupture was developed with a high incidence of abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm. This model should enable further studies investigating the pathogenesis of aortic rupture, as well as allow for targeted strategies to prevent human aortic aneurysm rupture.
HPV impacts survival of stage IVC non-oropharyngeal HNSCC cancer patients.

Objectives Human papillomavirus (HPV) status is a favorable prognostic marker for patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and non-metastatic head and neck non-OPSCC. We evaluated the impact of HPV status on overall survival (OS) for patients with Stage IVC non-OPSCC. Materials and methods Patients diagnosed with Stage IVC non-OPSCC and known HPV status between 2010-2013 were identified in the National Cancer Database. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with OS. Propensity score-weighted Kaplan-Meier estimation was used to adjust for confounders in OS analyses. Multiple imputation method was used for sensitivity analysis. Results We identified 708 patients with Stage IVC non-OPSCC with 30% being HPV-positive. Unadjusted median survival was 10.3 months for HPV-negative patients and 21.4 months for HPV-positive patients (p<0.0001). Age ≥ 65 and tumor diameter were associated with worse OS (p<0.05) while treatment versus no treatment and HPV-positive status were associated with improved OS on multivariate analysis (p<0.001). Adjusted median survival for patients with HPV-negative and HPV-positive disease was 11.1 months and 23.8 months, respectively (p<0.001). On unadjusted subgroup analysis, patients with HPV-positive oral cavity disease exhibited improved outcomes (p<0.0001) while HPV-positive hypopharynx (p<0.06) and larynx (p<0.12) patients exhibited a trend for improved OS compared to HPV-negative patients. The survival advantage associated with HPV positivity was maintained on sensitivity analysis (p<0.01). Conclusion These data demonstrate a clinically meaningful association between HPV status and OS in patients with non-OSPCC presenting with Stage IVC disease. In the absence of randomized data, these findings support active consideration of HPV status in clinical decision making, clinical trial design, and patient counseling regarding prognosis.
Pancreatic Cancer: Recent Advances in Nanoformulation-Based Therapies

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States and has a 5-year life expectancy of ~8%. Currently, only a few drugs have been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for pancreatic cancer treatment. Despite available drug therapy and ongoing clinical investigations, the high prevalence and mortality associated with pancreatic cancer mean that there is an unmet chemopreventive and therapeutic need. From ongoing studies with various novel formulations, it is evident that the development of smart drug delivery systems will improve delivery of drug cargo to the pancreatic target site to ensure and enhance the therapeutic/chemoprevention efficacy of existing drugs and newly designed drugs in the future. With this in view, nanotechnology is emerging as a promising avenue to enhance drug delivery to the pancreas via both passive and active targeting mechanisms. Research in this field has grown extensively over the past decade, as is evident from available scientific literature. This review summarizes the recent advances that have brought nanotechnology-based formulations to the forefront of pancreatic cancer treatment.
Influence of dietary o,p'-DDT on reproduction and lactation of ewes.

T. Randall Wrenn, Joan R. Weyant, George F. Fries and Joel BitmanEwesInfluence of Dietary o,p¢-DDT on Reproduction and Lactation ofJ ANIM SCI€1971, 33:1288-1292.http://jas.fass.org/content/33/6/1288services, is located on the World Wide Web at: The online version of this article, along with updated information and
Nutrient accumulation in faba bean varieties.

ABSTRACTIncreasing the amount of nutrients in plant-based foods will help to improve the nutritional status of people in the World. Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) as a staple food in developing countries has the potential to provide many nutrients in human diets. The objective of this study was to characterize the nutrient concentrations in leaf, pod, and seed of faba bean varieties. A field study was conducted with six faba bean varieties. Variation in the elemental concentrations of nutrients and protein occurred among varieties and different parts of the plants. The highest concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, or copper and protein were in the seeds. However, the highest accumulation of calcium, magnesium, iron, or manganese was in the leaves. We recommend that faba bean can be considered as a valuable crop in the diet of nutrient-deficient consumers due to high concentration nutrients in edible parts of the plant.
The marketing of protest and antinomies of collective organization in Lebanon

With the onset of the garbage crisis in Lebanon in July 2015, the unbearable odors and mounting heaps of waste presented the tipping point for people’s growing anger and resentment against self-ser...
Historical changes in New York State streamflow: Attribution of temporal shifts and spatial patterns from 1961 to 2016

Abstract To better understand the effects of climate change on streamflow, the hydrologic response to both temperature and precipitation needs to be examined at the mesoscale. New York State provides a hydrologically diverse mesoscale region, where sub-regional clusters of watersheds may respond differently to changes in temperature and in seasonal precipitation rates. Connections between streamflow and climate were examined for 97 gaging stations across the state and surrounding areas, for a historical period of 56 years of daily average streamflow. Gages were grouped into clusters if their mean annual discharge rates were strongly correlated to one another. Within each cluster, sharp temporal changes in discharge, or change points, were identified. These change points clustered both spatially and by flow regime, with low, medium, and high flows increasing around 1970 for much of the state consistent with other studies in the region. A step increase in Catskill low flows in 2003 coincides with increases in summer precipitation, and is consistent with a positive correlation between summer precipitation and annual low flows. Our results support previous studies that have shown that streamflow at this mesoscale is strongly tied to precipitation, and the strength of that connection is modulated by land cover, geographic position, and seasonal moisture conditions. Across the state, the winter-spring center of volume date has moved earlier along with increasing January streamflow rates, the result of warmer winter temperatures and an increased proportion of precipitation as rain. The transition to a post-1970s pluvial period also coincided with more frequent peak over threshold flows statewide, and this wetter period has continued to the present day.
Cataloging practices through an ethnographic lens: workarounds, disagreements, and manifestations of culture

Cataloging models emphasize selective aspects of cataloging and serve the purposes of conceptual debates and theoretical developments. Many complexities, uncertainties, dilemmas, challenges, and “rare” scenarios that catalogers encounter in practice are not presented in the models. To study cataloging practices, the author presents cataloging scenarios observed from an ongoing fieldwork. Through weekly participatory observations and unstructured interviews of catalogers, the work presents cases among the diverse and complex cataloging practices, and surfaces the tensions and time involved in cataloging. This paper will focus on three themes: workarounds, disagreements, and manifestations of culture in cataloging practice. The first scenario describes a non-linear cataloging process and the different workarounds applied. The workarounds highlight the tacit knowledge of experienced catalogers. The second scenario shows catalogers’ different perspectives about the authorship of stone rubbings. Disagreements, negotiation, and compromises in cataloging process are often not documented or explained. This scenario examines cataloging contexts that we cannot observe from analyzing cataloging standards or records. The third scenario describes the proposal of a Library of Congress Demographic Group Term (LCDGT): Zhiqing, and how it was approved as a LCSH: Zhiqing generation instead. The term encompasses a combination of regional, temporal, and cultural aspects of a demographic group. In the proposal process, I identified cultural manifestations in cataloging process through observing “the missing pieces” and local adaptations. This study contributes to the knowledge organization literature by presenting cataloging scenarios that require prolonged engagement to study.
Unusual polymorphs of rac-3-phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione with Z′ = 1, 2, and 3

3-Phenylpyrrolidine-2,5-dione (PPD) is the pharmacologically relevant metabolite of the clinically used antiepileptic drug phensuximide. In 1973, Gy. Argay and A. Kalman, Acta Crystallogr., Sect. B: Struct. Crystallogr. Cryst. Chem., 1973, 29, 636–638 described an orthorhombic modification (polymorph I) of rac-PPD with one molecule in the asymmetric unit (Pna21; Z′ = 1) and mentioned the existence of another, monoclinic modification (polymorph II). By varying the crystallization conditions, we were able to obtain diffraction-quality crystals of the monoclinic polymorph II (P21/c; Z′ = 2) and of novel triclinic polymorph III (P; Z′ = 3). In this paper, we report a detailed structural comparison of these variable-Z′ polymorphs of rac-PPD. We found a remarkable diversity of intermolecular interactions (medium-strength N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, weak C–H⋯O hydrogen bonds, carbonyl–carbonyl interactions, edge-to-face aromatic–aromatic interactions). We also explored the relative stability of these polymorphs (as indicated by crystal lattice energies and thermal analysis data). Our results are expected to aid in developing a better understanding of solid-state structure of cyclic imide-based antiepileptic drugs.
Who Attends Farmers’ Markets and Why? Understanding Consumers and their Motivations

This study assesses consumer motivations for attending farmers’ markets through in-person survey data. Results indicate that consumers attend primarily to purchase fresh produce, followed by social interaction. Purchasing ready-to-eat foods or packaged foods, arts, and crafts were not strong motivators. Consumers attending primarily to purchase fresh produce tend to be married females at higher income levels, individuals with strong diet or health concerns, and individuals who are supportive of local farming and agriculture open space. Those attending for social interaction are more likely to be unmarried males or larger families attending events. Implications for market vendors, managers, and policy makers are discussed.
Colorimetric Assay Reports on Acyl Carrier Protein Interactions

The ability to produce new molecules of potential pharmaceutical relevance via combinatorial biosynthesis hinges on improving our understanding of acyl-carrier protein (ACP)-protein interactions. However, the weak and transient nature of these interactions makes them difficult to study using traditional spectroscopic approaches. Herein we report that converting the terminal thiol of the E. coli ACP 4′-phosphopantetheine arm into a mixed disulfide with 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate ion (TNB−) activates this site to form a selective covalent cross-link with the active site cysteine of a cognate ketoacyl synthase (KS). The concomitant release of TNB2−, which absorbs at 412 nm, provides a visual and quantitative measure of mechanistically relevant ACP-KS interactions. The colorimetric assay can propel the engineering of biosynthetic routes to novel chemical diversity by providing a high-throughput screen for functional hybrid ACP-KS partnerships as well as the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents by enabling the rapid identification of small molecule inhibitors of ACP-KS interactions.
Developing priorities to achieve health equity through diabetes translation research: a concept mapping study.

Introduction The goal of diabetes translation research is to advance research into practice and ensure equitable benefit from scientific evidence. This study uses concept mapping to inform and refine future directions of diabetes translation research with the goal of achieving health equity in diabetes prevention and control. Research design and methods This study used concept mapping and input from a national network of diabetes researchers and public health practitioners. Concept mapping is a mixed-method, participant-based process. First, participants generated statements by responding to a focus prompt (“To eliminate disparities and achieve health equity in the prevention and treatment of diabetes, research should…”). Participants then sorted statements by conceptual similarity and rated each statement on importance and feasibility (Likert scale of 1–5). A cluster map was created using multidimensional scaling and hierarchical cluster analysis; statements were plotted by average importance and feasibility. Results Ten clusters were identified containing between 6 and 12 statements from 95 total generated statements. The ranges of average importance and feasibility ratings for clusters were fairly high and narrow (3.62–4.09; 3.10–3.93, respectively). Clusters with the most statements in the “go-zone” quadrant (above average importance/feasibility) were community and partner engagement (n=7), dissemination and implementation principles (n=4), and enrichment and capacity building (n=4). Clusters with the most statements in the “innovative-targets” quadrant (above average importance, below average feasibility) included next generation interventions (n=6), policy approaches (n=4), and interventions for specific populations (n=4). Conclusions This study created a framework of 10 priority areas to guide current and future efforts in diabetes translation research to achieve health equity. Themes rated as highly important and feasible provide the basis to evaluate current research support. Future efforts should explore how to best support innovative-targets, those rated highly important but less feasible.
Soft Tissue Sarcoma (STS)

Image-guided thermal ablative therapies offer a therapeutic option for primary and metastatic soft tissue sarcoma as an adjunct or alternative to other focal therapies, such as surgery or radiation therapy, when those treatments either have failed or have been deemed less appropriate. While limited, current data suggest that percutaneous ablation is safe and feasible for soft tissue sarcoma metastases of various histologic subtypes and in diverse anatomic locations, particularly for local oncologic or symptom control. In addition, emerging data suggest that liver-directed therapies including transarterial embolization or radioembolization are a safe and effective palliative or salvage therapy in patients with hepatic soft tissue sarcoma metastases treated in the elective setting. Ultimately, a multimodality combined treatment approach is often necessary in patients with soft tissue sarcoma metastases and involves various combinations of systemic therapy combined with percutaneous ablation, radiation, and/or surgery depending on tumor location and type.
Characterization and influence of ipsilateral scapula fractures among patients who undergo surgical stabilization of sub-scapular rib fractures

Current decision algorithms involving surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF) do not consider either specific fracture locations or other chest wall bony injuries. Our objective was to characterize the impact of scapula fractures on morbidity among patients who underwent fixation of sub-scapular rib fractures. We hypothesized that an ipsilateral scapula fracture was associated with poor acute and long-term outcomes. Retrospective review of two institutions’ prospectively maintained SSRF databases (October 2010 to January 2019). Patients who underwent repair of ≥ 1 sub-scapular rib fracture were included. Patients were grouped by the presence of an ipsilateral scapula fracture. Outcomes were acute SSRF complications, long-term rib implant removal, and quality of life via phone survey. A total of 144 patients were analyzed; 53 (36.8%) had an ipsilateral scapula fracture. Patients with a scapula fracture had a higher injury severity score (p = 0.02), degree of pulmonary contusion (p < 0.01), and RibScore (p < 0.01). The overall incidence of both acute re-operation (n = 4, 2.8%) and long-term implant removal (n = 5, 3.8%) following SSRF was low and did not vary by the presence of a scapula fracture. Only twenty-one patients completed phone questionnaires a median of 38 months after SSRF; both shoulder and rib outcomes were excellent and did not vary by the presence of a scapula fracture. Ipsilateral scapula fractures are common in patients who undergo surgical stabilization of sub-scapular rib fractures. Despite higher injury severity, patients with an ipsilateral scapula fracture did not incur worse outcomes.
Real-world Outcomes of Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitors Continued Beyond First Disease Progression in Hormone Receptor-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Abstract Background CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i), in combination with aromatase inhibitors, are United States Food and Drug Administration-approved for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The effectiveness of continuing them beyond first disease progression (PD) is currently unknown. This retrospective study evaluated the impact of the continuation of CDK4/6i beyond first PD in HR+/HER2− MBC using real-world experience. Patients and Methods A single-institution retrospective review of patients with HR+ MBC who received CDK4/6is from 2015 to 2018 and where CDK4/6is were continued beyond first PD. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS) after initial PD on CDK4/6i therapy. Results Thirty women with HR+/HER2− MBC met eligibility criteria. Patients were identified from a prospective database of patients at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation who were prescribed CDK4/6is. The median age and follow-up duration were 47.5 years and 27 months, respectively. Most patients received palbociclib (PA)/letrozole as initial therapy (67%), followed by PA/fulvestrant (23%), and PA/other aromatase inhibitor (20%), and abemaciclib with either fulvestrant or letrozole (6%). As of January 31, 2019, 25 (83.3%) patients were still alive, and 19 (63%) patients had progressed. The estimated median PFS for continued CDK4/6i use beyond the first PD was 11.8 months (95% confidence interval, 5.34-13.13 months). Conclusions Among a small cohort of patients with HR+ MBC in a non-clinical trial setting, continuation of CDK4/6i-endocrine treatment post initial PD was associated with a median PFS of about 12 months. Formal randomized clinical trials evaluating the continuation of CDK4/6is beyond the first PD are currently ongoing and will provide more answers to this important clinical question.
Novel Chimeric Poxvirus CF17 Improves Survival in a Murine Model of Intraperitoneal Ovarian Cancer Metastasis

Despite improvements in surgical techniques and chemotherapy, ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Thus, there is an urgent need for more effective therapeutics, particularly for chemo-resistant peritoneal ovarian cancer metastases. Oncolytic virotherapy represents an innovative treatment paradigm; however, for oncolytic viruses tested from the last generation of genetically engineered viruses, the therapeutic benefits have been modest. To overcome these limitations, we generated a chimeric poxvirus, CF17, through the chimerization of nine species of orthopoxviruses. Compared with its parental viruses, CF17 has demonstrated superior oncolytic characteristics. Here, we report the oncolytic potential of CF17 in ovarian cancer. Replication of CF17 and its resulting cytotoxicity were observed at multiplicities of infection (MOIs) as low as 0.001 in human and mouse cancer cell lines in vitro. Furthermore, CF17 exerted potent antitumor effects in a syngeneic mouse model of ovarian cancer at doses as low as 6 × 106 plaque-forming units. Together, these data merit further investigation of the potential use of this novel chimeric poxvirus as an effective treatment for aggressive intraperitoneal ovarian cancer.
Preventing Surgical Delay and Cancellation with Patient-Centered Interventions.

Abstract Delay and cancellation can significantly impact cost and outcomes among surgical patients. While the causes of delay and cancellation are not fully enumerated, possible reasons include delivery-related causes such as facility, equipment, and provider availability as well as patient-related issues such as readiness and health status. Despite limited research explaining patient-related causes, there are many studies that evaluate patient-centered interventions to decrease delay and cancellation. This article highlights patient-centered interventions including preoperative clinics, preoperative screening, and focused education that have been shown to reduce delay and cancellation. This information provides perianesthesia nurses and advanced practice nurses ideas to maximize their roles in improving efficiency by prevention of delay and cancellation. This article should also stimulate additional research to help better understand the causes and the role of the nurse in the implementation of evidence-based practice projects that use patient-centered interventions.
Epigenetic potential affects immune gene expression in house sparrows.

ABSTRACT Epigenetic mechanisms may play a central role in mediating phenotypic plasticity, especially during range expansions, when populations face a suite of novel environmental conditions. Individuals may differ in their epigenetic potential (EP; their capacity for epigenetic modifications of gene expression), which may affect their ability to colonize new areas. One form of EP, the number of CpG sites, is higher in introduced house sparrows (Passer domesticus) than in native birds in the promoter region of a microbial surveillance gene, Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4), which may allow invading birds to fine-tune their immune responses to unfamiliar parasites. Here, we compared TLR4 gene expression from whole blood, liver and spleen in house sparrows with different EP, first challenging some birds with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), to increase gene expression by simulating a natural infection. We expected that high EP would predict high inducibility and reversibility of TLR4 expression in the blood of birds treated with LPS, but we did not make directional predictions regarding organs, as we could not repeatedly sample these tissues. We found that EP was predictive of TLR4 expression in all tissues. Birds with high EP expressed more TLR4 in the blood than individuals with low EP, regardless of treatment with LPS. Only females with high EP exhibited reversibility in gene expression. Further, the effect of EP varied between sexes and among tissues. Together, these data support EP as one regulator of TLR4 expression.
Incidence of syphilis infection and syphilis-related care utilization among adolescents and young adults living with HIV.

BackgroundIncidence of syphilis has been rising in recent years and disproportionately affects young adults, racial/ethnic minority men, and people living with HIV. This study describes patterns of...
Fan/dom: People, practices, and networks

The announcement of Kindle Worlds as open to writers of fan fiction provides an opening to discuss the field of fan studies in terms of fandom communities and individual self.
Gigahertz FPGAs with new architectural ideas

The demand for high speed Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) has always been on a rise. This was never possible using CMOS as the basic device. People were able to achieve frequencies in the range of 10-220 MHz using CMOS. The availability of SiGe HBT devices has opened the door for Gigahertz FPGAs. Speeds over 5 GHz were reported by B. S. Goda and Channakeshav et al. using SiGe 5HP technology. Using IBM's new 7HP technology, SiGe HBT devices with cutoff frequencies (f/sub T/) over 100 GHz can be fabricated. Apart from the improvement in device speed, architectural changes have been made to improve the speed and reduce the power. This paper is mainly going to elaborate on the architecture of the new SiGe FPGA and its advantages over the previous generation SiGe FPGA. The entire Configurable Logic Block (CLB) has been implemented using 3 Current Mode Logic (CML) trees. The power consumption of the redesigned CLB is "5.04 mW - sequential, 3.36 mW - combinational" and the maximum operating frequency of the new logic cell is 11.7 GHz. Apart from these, 2 memory planes have been added to change the personality of the FPGA dynamically. The original Widlar current mirror has been replaced by a CMOS current mirror which avoids the loading effect.
Nearest Neighbors Revisited

The nearest neighbor graph (NNG), defined for a set of points in Euclidean space, has found many uses in computational geometry and clustering analysis. Yet there seems to be surprisingly little knowledge about some basic properties of this graph. In this talk, we ask some natural questions that are motivated by geometric embedding problems. For example, in the simulation of many-body systems, it is desirable to map a set of particles to a regular data array so as to preserve neighborhood relations, i.e., to minimize the dilation of NNG. We will derive bounds on the dilation by studying the diameter of NNG. Other properties and applications of NNG will also be discussed. (Joint work with Mike Paterson)
Evolução do cuidado na enfermagem até o cuidado transdimensional: uma revisão de literatura

It makes of one review of literture whose aim was to check the evolution of nursing care. We saw that it was born with Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910), and from that, goes throught importants changes, names like Leininger, Watson, Paterson and Zderad, Bevis, Carper, Ray and Colliere, are summoned like experts in american nursing subject. At the brazilian literature consulted, also we met expressive names which show up names of Waldow, Neves-Arruda and Silva. The "Transdimenstional Care: a emergent paradigm" from Silva (1997), thought recently, it has been emphasized on scenery of nursing care. It has like philosophy basis the care of human being in its interrelation with te environment in the context of own experience of like, with direction on the process of dead-rebirth with views on process to be and do live in the way more healthy like possible.
A Review of: “Medical Toxicology”

The first volume of Medical Toxicology, published in 1988, was the sole product of the labors of Matthew Ellenhorn and Donald Barceloux. A unique book for its time, the first volume was widely embr...
Perspectives in the Philosophy of Pure Mathematics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses perspectives in the philosophy of pure mathematics. As in all research philosophical analysis, of concepts and of aims, is needed in mathematics; particularly for the discovery of proper questions and conjectures, and for civilized formulations. In the chapter, the term, “Proofs” is understood to refer to abstract mental processes; for a complementary discussion referring to verbal arguments. Accordingly, the general topic of the symposium is here restricted to pure mathematics, where proofs are indeed central, while for many uses of mathematics in other sciences, the truth of a theorem is relevant, not the way it is proved.
The action of digitonin on rat liver mitochondria. Electron microscopy

1. Rat liver mitochondria were examined in the electron microscope by using negative staining in the presence of 0·3m-sucrose. The intact outer membrane does not appear to be freely permeable to the stain. Where the stain penetrated through a tear it was seen that the inner membrane had randomly oriented grooves, many of which contained round structures varying between 200 and 900a in diameter. Laminar structures containing two to five layers of approx. 50a each were found at the periphery. 2. When the outer membrane was removed by treating the mitochondria with digitonin several types of inner-membrane complexes were formed and they showed a general correlation with those observed in sectioned samples of the same preparations. The main types were: (a) a condensed form looking very much like the intact mitochondrion without the outer membrane (this still showed the grooves, some of which contained the round structures, and the laminar whirls at the edges); (b) a more transparent form containing tubules of uniform width and various lengths (some of these appeared to terminate in a hole at the surface of the inner membrane); (c) a large torn sac, probably the inner membrane, containing some tubules and vesicles. 3. When the inner-membrane complex was further treated with digitonin it was disrupted and the resulting material consisted of pieces of membrane, doughnut-shaped units and lamellar structures. Most of these pieces varied in size between 500 and 1000a.
Luc Xi: Prostitution and Venereal Disease in Colonial Hanoi – By Vu Trong Phung

Vu Trong Phung [1912–1939] is one of the most famous and intriguing authors of modern Vietnamese literature. His writings are numerous, especially considering his brief life, and bring to light, in...
CROSS-VALIDATION OF PSYCHOMOTOR TESTS FOR CHILDREN.

Portions of a fine motor performance test for children, standardized in the Netherlands, were administered to a sample of 8-, 9-, and 10-yr.-old American children. The results indicated that in certain fine motor tasks (1) there is an improvement with age, (2) there are significant sex differences, and (3) European and American children appear to be different.
Low power memristor-based ReRAM design with Error Correcting Code

The emerging memristor-based Resistive RAM (ReRAM) has shown great potential as one of the most promising memory technologies, with the unique properties such as high density, low-power, good-scalability, and non-volatility. However, as the process technology scales, the process variation will cause the deviation of the actual electrical behavior of memristor. Recently, researchers have observed that the probability of a single ReRAM cell switching successfully follows a function of the logarithm of the total programming time. As a result, the uncertainty of the electrical behavior results in different degrees of error rates in ReRAM-based memory. Traditional ECC (Error Correcting Code) design for conventional DRAM memory is used to detect and correct the errors in the memory system. In this paper, based on the mathematical analysis of the error patterns in memristor-based ReRAM and the study of ECC designs, we proposed to use ECC code to relax the BER (Bit Error Rate) requirement of a single memory to improve the write energy consumption and latency for both the MOS based and cross-point based memristor ReRAM designs. In addition, the performance/power/area overhead of the proposed design options is also evaluated in detail.
Review: combination therapy with renin-angiotensin inhibitors reduces proteinuria more than single drugs alone in renal disease.

Source Citation Kunz R, Friedrich C, Wolbers M, Mann JF. Meta-analysis: effect of monotherapy and combination therapy with inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system on proteinuria in renal disease...
Stratigraphical viewpoints in measurement of geologic time

Although geologists are dependent wholly on physical and chemical research dealing primarily with radioactive substances in the Earth's crust for reliable long-range quantitative measurement of geologic time, stratigraphical information is indispensable for interpretation of findings if they are to be useful in geochronology. A chief problem is placement of time-measured mineral or rock samples in proper position in the geologic succession, and unless such accurate placement can be made, the age determinations have relatively little value. Stratigraphical methods for establishing age relationships of different rock bodies are applicable to Precambrian, as well as to Paleozoic and younger rocks, but only in fossil-bearing strata can correlation of rock units in widely separated regions be fixed with reasonable accuracy. Given geologic-time bench marks distributed through the rock column, stratigraphical techniques based on studies of sedimentation, paleontology, paleogeography, and diastrophism may be employed in constructing reasonably trustworthy interpolations in the time scale. Progress in the direction of precise detailed geochronology depends on coordination of diverse skills, coupled with improvement and greatest possible extension of researches serving to measure geologic events in terms of time.
Quantification of Predictive Skill for Mesoscale and Synoptic-Scale Meteorological Features as a Function of Horizontal Grid Resolution

Abstract To quantitatively assess numerical predictive skill for synoptic and mesoscale features as a function of horizontal grid resolution, a series of experiments is conducted using the Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model. For eight cases of continental cyclogenesis, 72-h integrations are examined using grids of 160, 80, and 26.7 km. First, we briefly examine error statistics for synoptic-scale cyclones and anticyclones. Next, a detailed analysis of model errors for mesoscale features is presented. A bandpass filtering technique, based on the Barnes objective analysis scheme, is used to separate perturbation quantities associated with the mesoscale features from the synoptic-scale fields. Error statistics are then compiled for various mesoscale features, including the intensity of mesolows, damming ridges, and postfrontal troughs, and the thermal gradients, propagation speed, and vertical velocity maxima associated with surface cold fronts. Finally, th...
Analytical ultracentrifugation with absorption optics and a scanner-computer system

Abstract A computer system has been designed which measures directly individual photomultiplier pulses of the Beckman model E analytical ultracentrifuge and converts digitized values for the pulses into an optical density (OD) as a function of radius. The system consists of a Nova computer with 8K memory, a 12 bit analog/digital converter, a Sykes cassette tape recorder for long-term storage, and a logic control and multiplexing unit which triggers the A/D converter and provides cell and sector identification for use with multihole rotors. The system can, in two revolutions of the rotor, measure the sample and reference pulses of up to five cells as well as the baseline or dard value of the photomultiplier. The radial position of the collected data is determined by counting the number of revolutions of the rotor to interpolate the distance between the outside and inside counterbalance holes. In actual operation, data are collected for 50 or 100 revolutions, sorted in terms of rotor hole and sample or reference sector, and converted into an average optical density for each cell. This single data point for each cell is then stored and the procedure is repeated for the next 100 revolutions. Calculation of OD within the computer eliminates the possibility of systematic or random error as may be present in the scanner log amplifier, holding circuits, and associated electronics. The routine for averaging the data from 100 revolutions also calculates the standard deviation for each final OD value which may be used in any analysis program for weighting the data. After the scan, the data in the computer can be stored on magnetic tape, typed out for examination, or analyzed with various fitting routines. Present developments with the system include application to high-speed and low-speed sedimentation equilibrium. The results of a sedimentation equilibrium run with myoglobin are presented to illustrate the operation and performance of the system. The useful range of OD measurements currently available with the computer system is from 0.005 to 1.6 OD.
Formal Synthesis of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2-C-methyl D-erythritol From D-(+)-Arabitol.

Abstract 2- C -Methyl- d -erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) is a key chemical intermediate of the non-mevalonate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis employed by many pathogenic microbes. MEP is also the precursor for the synthesis of 4-diphosphocytidyl-2- C -methyl d -erythritol (CDP-ME), another key intermediate of the non-mevalonate pathway. As this pathway is non-existent in higher animals, including humans, it represents great opportunities for novel antimicrobial development. To facilitate the in-depth studies of this pathway, we reported here a formal synthesis of CDP-ME through a new synthesis of 2- C -methyl- d -erythritol-4-phosphoric acid from d -(+)-arabitol.