cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Concise Formal Synthesis of Diazonamide A by the Stereoselective Construction of the C10 Quaternary Center

Diazonamide A (1, Figure 1) is a marine-derived natural product with potent antimitotic activity and an unusual architecture.[1] Its mechanism of action has been studied, and though it displays differential cytotoxicity in the NCI COMPARE[2] screen consistent with a tubulin-active agent,[3] recent studies by Harran, Wang and McKnight suggest a unique mechanism of action involving the mitochondrial matrix enzyme, ornithinine δ-amino transferase (OAT).[4] Prior to these studies, OAT had no known mitotic function, and diazonamide A does not inhibit the amino transferase activity of this enzyme, yet it disrupts its interaction with mitotic spindle promoting proteins. These same workers showed that a close synthetic analogue of diazonamide A lacking the two chlorine atoms retains the cytotoxicity of the natural product, but does not display overt toxicity nor does it cause weight loss, change in overall physical appearance, or evidence of neutropenia in mice.[4a] The combination of limited supply, unique biological activity, and structural complexity, renders this molecule and analogues thereof important targets for chemical synthesis.
Frozen storage of Tritrichomonas foetus for 5.6 years.

SYNOPSIS. Tritrichomonas foetus was cultivated in Diamond's medium without phosphates or agar; 10% glycerol was added to the medium and the protozoa were frozen slowly and stored at −28 or −95 C. About half of the trichomonads died within the first day at either temperature. Thereafter, they continued to die off slowly during storage at −28, and none remained alive at or after 1024 days. New cultures could not be initiated with them after 64 days. At −95, almost as many trichomonads were alive after 256 days as after 1 day. Thereafter, however, they decreased in numbers, but 11% were still alive after 2048 days (5.6 years). The survivors appeared in good condition, and new cultures were readily initiated with them.
Secure information sharing enabled by Trusted Computing and PEI models

The central goal of secure information sharing is to "share but protect" where the motivation to "protect" is to safeguard the sensitive content from unauthorized disclosure (in contrast to protecting the content to avoid loss of revenue as in retail Digital Rights Management). This elusive goal has been a major driver for information security for over three decades. Recently, the need for secure information sharing has dramatically increased with the explosion of the Internet and the convergence of outsourcing, offshoring and B2B collaboration in the commercial arena and the real-world demonstration of the tragic consequences of lack of information sharing in the national security arena. As technology has made the "share" aspect ever easier so has it increased the difficulty of enforcing the "protect" aspect. The central contribution of this paper is to show that the emergence of industrial strength Trusted Computing (TC) technology offers a range of novel solutions to the long-standing problem of secure information sharing. To this end we introduce a new framework of three layered models to analyze requirements and develop solutions, and demonstrate the application of this framework in context of TC and secure information sharing. The three layers are policy models (topmost), enforcement models (middle), and implementation models (bottom). Hence the name PEI models. At the policy model layer the secure information sharing space is divided into three categories called password based, device based, and credential based. For each of these policy categories various enforcement and implementation models can be developed. While we believe the PEI framework is relevant to security problems beyond secure information sharing, our goal in this paper is to demonstrate its application in this particular arena and identify questions for future research in this context. An essential benefit of PEI is that the three layers allow us to focus on the more important issues at a higher level of abstraction at the policy and enforcement layers, while leaving deep detail to the implementation layer. This paper focusses on the policy and enforcement layers with only passing mention of the implementation layer.
An optimization based genetic algorithm heuristic for the berth allocation problem

Genetic algorithms have been used extensively in the studies on the Berth allocation problem (BAP). In this paper we present an optimization based genetic algorithm heuristic for the discrete and dynamic BAP that is independent of the objective function of the problem. It is evaluated by considering the problem of allocating space at a berth for vessels with the objective of minimizing the total weighted service time of all the vessels. The problem is formulated as a linear mixed integer program. Computational experiments are reported to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed heuristic.
Salmonella DNA adenine methylase mutants confer cross-protective immunity.

Salmonella isolates that lack or overproduce DNA adenine methylase (Dam) elicited a cross-protective immune response to different Salmonella serovars. The protection afforded by the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Dam vaccine was greater than that elicited in mice that survived a virulent infection. S. enterica serovar Typhimurium Dam mutant strains exhibited enhanced sensitivity to mediators of innate immunity such as antimicrobial peptides, bile salts, and hydrogen peroxide. Also, S. enterica serovar Typhimurium Dam− vaccines were not immunosuppressive; unlike wild-type vaccines, they failed to induce increased nitric oxide levels and permitted a subsequent robust humoral response to diptheria toxoid antigen in infected mice. Dam mutant strains exhibited a low-grade persistence which, coupled with the nonimmunosuppression and the ectopic protein expression caused by altered levels of Dam, may provide an expanded source of potential antigens in vaccinated hosts.
Retrogenic Modeling of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis Associates T Cell Frequency but Not TCR Functional Affinity with Pathogenicity

The properties of a self-specific T cell’s TCR that determine its pathogenicity are not well understood. We developed TCR retroviral transgenic, or retrogenic, models of myelin oligodendroglial glycoprotein (MOG)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) to compare the pathologic potential of five H-2 Ab/MOG35–55-specific TCRs. The TCRs were cloned and retrovirally transduced into either TCRαβ-deficient hybridoma cells or Rag1−/− bone marrow progenitor cells. Comparison of the hybridomas, identical except for TCR sequence, revealed distinct responsiveness, or functionally determined affinity, for cognate Ag. Retrogenic mice were produced by transfer of transduced progenitor cells into Rag1−/− recipients. T cells were detected within 4 wk. Engraftment levels varied considerably among the different TCRs and showed separate variability among individual mice. T cells were predominantly naive and virtually exclusively CD4+ and CD25−. Relative responses of the retrogenic T cells to Ag paralleled those of the hybridoma cells. Induction of EAE through active immunization led to rapid and severe disease in all mice expressing MOG-specific TCR. The mice additionally developed spontaneous disease, the incidence of which varied with the individual receptors. Interestingly, spontaneous disease frequency and intensity could not be correlated with the functional affinity of the respective TCR. Instead, it was associated with engraftment level, even when measured weeks before the onset of disease symptoms. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of using retrogenic modeling to compare TCRs in the EAE system. They further suggest that affinity is not a primary determinant in spontaneous EAE development in mice expressing monotypic TCRs and that autoreactive T cell frequency is of greater significance.
Metaprogrammable toolkit for model-integrated computing

Model-integrated computing, specifically model-integrated program synthesis (MIPS) environments that include visual model building, constraint management, and automatic program synthesis components, are well suited for the design and implementation of complex computer based systems. However, building such an environment from scratch for each new domain can be cost-prohibitive. This paper presents a toolkit that makes the rapid creation of MIPS environments possible through metaprogramming.
Amino Acid Supplementation of a Sesame Meal Diet

Abstract SESAME meal used as the only protein source in the diet of the growing chick is adequate in all amino acids for this species except lysine. Almquist and Grau (1944), conducted experiments to study the supplementary effect of sesame and soybean meals and found that best gains were made by chicks fed a ration in which the ratio of sesame-soybean protein approached 7:13. In a subsequent paper, Grau and Almquist (1944), reported that optimum chick growth was obtained when 0.5% l -lysine was added to an all sesame protein diet. These observations were confirmed when Block and Boiling (1945), reported the amino acid analysis of sesame seed protein. Patrick (1953), found that the addition of 0.5% dl -lysine to a grain-sesame diet improved growth, and that further improvement in growth was obtained when 0.5% dl -lysine with either 10% soybean meal or 5% albumin was added to the basal diet. Because of these . . .
IFT20 Links Kinesin II with a Mammalian Intraflagellar Transport Complex That Is Conserved in Motile Flagella and Sensory Cilia

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism thought to be required for the assembly and maintenance of all eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Although IFT proteins are present in cells with sensory cilia, the organization of IFT protein complexes in those cells has not been analyzed. To determine whether the IFT complex is conserved in the sensory cilia of photoreceptors, we investigated protein interactions among four mammalian IFT proteins: IFT88/Polaris, IFT57/ Hippi, IFT52/NGD5, and IFT20. We demonstrate that IFT proteins extracted from bovine photoreceptor outer segments, a modified sensory cilium, co-fractionate at 17 S, similar to IFT proteins extracted from mouse testis. Using antibodies to IFT88 and IFT57, we demonstrate that all four IFT proteins co-immunoprecipitate from lysates of mouse testis, kidney, and retina. We also extended our analysis to interactions outside of the IFT complex and demonstrate an ATP-regulated co-immunoprecipitation of heterotrimeric kinesin II with the IFT complex. The internal architecture of the IFT complex was investigated using the yeast two-hybrid system. IFT20 exhibited a strong interaction with IFT57/ Hippi and the kinesin II subunit, KIF3B. Our data indicate that all four mammalian IFT proteins are part of a highly conserved complex in multiple ciliated cell types. Furthermore, IFT20 appears to bridge kinesin II with the IFT complex.
Extracorporeal Life Support: Moving at the Speed of Light

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS), or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as it is also known, has been used to support over 45,000 patients to date. Overall survival is 62%. After many years of no change in equipment and technology, there has been a recent flurry of new pumps, cannulas, and oxygenators available for ECLS use. While the impact of this new technology is not yet completely defined, initial results have found that these systems provide safe support with lower priming volumes and less bleeding complications. New cannulas are also available, some making it easier for venovenous support in patients, from infants through adults. The reported success of ECLS in patients with H1N1 during the 2009–2010 epidemic and the improved survival of patients randomized to the ECMO arm of a recently completed adult study of respiratory failure have also brought ECLS into the spotlight much more than other years. Whether these developments will usher in a new era of ECLS expansion to a wider range of patients will require close consideration and observation. Other areas that need to be further refined include anticoagulation management, treatment of bleeding complications, learning to “nurse” patients in an awake state, such as is done in some European (and a few United States) centers, and neurodevelopmental outcome on a long-term basis.
Portfolio Optimization & Stochastic Volatility Asymptotics

We study the Merton portfolio optimization problem in the presence of stochastic volatility using asymptotic approximations when the volatility process is characterized by its time scales of fluctuation. This approach is tractable because it treats the incomplete markets problem as a perturbation around the complete market constant volatility problem for the value function, which is well-understood. When volatility is fast mean-reverting, this is a singular perturbation problem for a nonlinear Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman PDE, while when volatility is slowly varying, it is a regular perturbation. These analyses can be combined for multifactor multiscale stochastic volatility models. The asymptotics shares remarkable similarities with the linear option pricing problem, which follows from some new properties of the Merton risk-tolerance function. We give examples in the family of mixture of power utilities and also we use our asymptotic analysis to suggest a "practical" strategy which does not require tracking the fast-moving volatility. In this paper, we present formal derivations of asymptotic approximations, and we provide a convergence proof in the case of power utility and single factor stochastic volatility. We assess our approximation in a particular case where there is an explicit solution.
Preventing Chronic Illness in Young Veterans by Promoting Healthful Behaviors

Since October 2001, more than 2 million Americans have served in the US wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, and nearly half of these veterans have been deployed more than once (1). Most are adults younger than age 35 when they return home from service. Upon return, veterans can choose to remain active, be inactive while serving in a component such as the Reserves or National Guard, or be separated from service. In the general population, the transition from adolescence to young adulthood is a time of increased risk for behavioral chronic disease risk factors such as excess weight gain and tobacco use escalation. However, few studies have examined the health behaviors of young veterans, and, perhaps as a result, few programs, interventions, and policies are designed to promote healthful behaviors for recently returned veterans. There are a variety of reasons as to why veterans are at increased risk for chronic disease risk behavior. We will also highlight opportunities to develop innovative strategies to promote healthful behaviors among veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.
Color quality scale

The color rendering index (CRI) has been shown to have deficiencies when applied to white light-emitting-diode-based sources. Furthermore, evidence suggests that the restricted scope of the CRI unnecessarily penalizes some light sources with desirable color qualities. To solve the problems of the CRI and include other dimensions of color quality, the color quality scale (CQS) has been developed. Although the CQS uses many of elements of the CRI, there are a number of fundamental differences. Like the CRI, the CQS is a test-samples method that compares the appearance of a set of reflective samples when illuminated by the test lamp to their appearance under a reference illuminant. The CQS uses a larger set of reflective samples, all of high chroma, and combines the color differences of the samples with a root mean square. Additionally, the CQS does not penalize light sources for causing increases in the chroma of object colors but does penalize sources with smaller rendered color gamut areas. The scale of the CQS is converted to span 0-100, and the uniform object color space and chromatic adaptation transform used in the calculations are updated. Supplementary scales have also been developed for expert users.
THE PROFESSIONAL MENTOR PROGRAM PLUS: AN ACADEMIC SUCCESS AND RETENTION TOOL FOR ADULT LEARNERS

To promote the academic success of and to retain adult students of color, the Academic Services Unit at the University of Detroit Mercy (UDM), an urban Catholic university, in Detroit Michigan, has designed and implemented the Professional Mentor Program Plus, funded by the State of Michigan’s King-Chavez-Parks (KCP) higher education initiative, that fuses academic support programming, and mentoring, designed exclusively for adult students, into a proactive academic success and retention model. The program’s rationale, history, and findings from the 2003-04 year-end evaluation are presented, followed by the program’s future development plan.
Earth System Model, Modeling the Land Component of

Land covers about 29%of the Earth’s surface and represents an important component of the Earth’s climate system. The land surface encompasses soil, snow, vegetation, glaciers, urban, lakes and rivers, mountains, etc. Land surface processes refer to various biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes occurring within and over these components and interacting with the atmospheric processes.
PVN lesions prevent the endothelin 1-induced increase in arterial pressure and vasopressin

Endothelin (ET) acts within the central nervous system to increase arterial pressure and arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion. This study assessed the role of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) in th...
Composition, biomass and structure of mangroves within the Zambezi River Delta

We used a stratified random sampling design to inventory the mangrove vegetation within the Zambezi River Delta, Mozambique, to provide a basis for estimating biomass pools. We used canopy height, derived from remote sensing data, to stratify the inventory area, and then applied a spatial decision support system to objectively allocate sample plots among five strata. Height and diameter were measured on overstory trees, saplings and standing dead trees in nested plots, and biomass was calculated using allometric equations. Each of the eight mangrove species occurring in Mozambique exist within the Delta. They are distributed in heterogeneous mixtures within each of the five canopy height classes, not reflecting obvious zonation. Overstory trees averaged approximately 2000 trees ha−1, and average basal area ranged from 14 to 41 m2 ha−1 among height classes. The composition of the saplings tended to mirror the overstory, and the diameter frequency distributions suggest all-aged stands. Above-ground biomass ranged from 111 to 483 Mg ha−1 with 95 % confidence interval generally within 15 % of the height class mean. Despite over 3000 trees ha−1 in the small-tree component, 92 % of the vegetation biomass is in the overstory live trees. The objective inventory design proved effective in estimating forest biomass within the 30,267 ha mangrove forest.
Hospitalized UTI Demographics after 2011 AAP UTI Guidelines

Prior results from a single institution looking at UTI admissions before and after the 2011 revised AAP UTI guidelines showed a similar admission rate, a predominance of younger patients requiring admission and Medicaid as an independent risk factor for admission. It is unclear if the demographics of children hospitalized for UTI have changed nationally since the 2011 guidelines. The aim of this study was to look …
Path analyses of grain P, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Ni in a biosolids-amended dryland wheat agroecosystem

Biosolids land application is an effective means of recycling plant nutrients and is the preferred method of biosolids reuse by the US Environmental Protection Agency. One issue concerning biosolids application is the extent of the contribution of biosolids-borne plant nutrients to the overall crop concentration and uptake or removal of these nutrients. We hypothesized that the nutrients associated with the biosolids would have the greatest impact on wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) grain phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron, and nickel concentrations and uptake at two dryland agroecosystem sites from 1993-2014. We employed path analyses in combination with multiple linear regressions to differentiate the direct and indirect effects of soil ammonium biocarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, cumulative biosolids nutrient additions, soil pH, and organic carbon. Biosolids rates applied in a wheat-fallow rotation were 0, 2.24, 4.48, 6.72, 8.96, and 11.2 Mg/ha from 1993-2014. Biosolids additions had the greatest positive direct impact on grain iron concentrations and on grain phosphorus, zinc, iron, and nickel uptake (removal). Soil ammonium biocarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and pH directly and indirectly affected some grain concentrations and cumulative uptake, but no consistent trends were noted. Soil organic carbon did not have any direct or indirect impacts. This approach allowed differentiation between causation and simple correlation effects for the effects of biosolids-borne nutrients on wheat phosphorus, zinc, copper, iron, and nickel concentrations and cumulative uptake.
Detailed Characterization of the Radiation Response of Multijunction Solar Cells Using Electroluminescence Measurements

The response of triple-junction solar cells to proton and electron irradiation is analyzed using electroluminescence (EL) measurements. This analysis allows the dark current of each individual subjunction to be determined providing insight into the radiation response mechanisms.
Hypersonic Entry Vehicle State Estimation Using High-degree Cubature Kalman Filter

In this paper, the state trajectories of a hypersonic vehicle is estimated using a new generalized cubature Kalman filter. This new nonlinear estimation technique is based on a class of arbitrary-degree cubature rules to compute the multivariate integrals in the Bayesian filtering algorithm and can achieve higher degree of estimation accuracy. The performance of this new cubature Kalman filter is compared with the Extended Kalman filter, the unscented Kalman filter and the conventional third-degree cubature Kalman filter. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed filter outperforms those three filters in estimation accuracy and convergence rate. It is also computationally more efficient than many other point-based estimation techniques.
The emperor of all maladies--the beginning of the beginning.

In his Pulitzer Prize–winning book, Siddhartha Mukherjee explores the great ideas of oncology, up to the development of imatinib. But the research direction set by imatinib has yielded few useful drugs; its model seems to be the wrong roadmap for finding magic bullets.
Learning based in projects to promote interdisciplinarity in Secondary School

A aprendizagem baseada em projetos e uma estrategia de aprendizagem ativa que auxilia na quebra do paradigma dos metodos tradicionais de ensino. O estudante que esta envolvido em uma proposta de ensino que contempla a PjBL deixa de ser passivo e passa a ser o principal ator do seu processo de ensino-aprendizagem. Nessa estrategia de ensino, o professor passa a ser um articulador entre a teoria e a pratica, propiciando a ambientes de aprendizagem naturalmente interdisciplinaridades, onde as diferentes areas “conversam” entre si para desenvolver um tema comum. A proposta dessa estrategia de aprendizagem foi aplicada em uma oficina realizada com os professores de escolas de ensino medio e fundamental a fim de auxiliar o professor na abordagem dessa estrategia em sala de aula, contribuindo com experiencias e ideias voltadas a interdisciplinaridade baseada em projetos. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss3p148
Pressure Loadings in a Rectangular Cavity with and Without a Captive Store

Simulations of the flow past a rectangular cavity containing a model captive store are performed using a hybrid Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes/large-eddy simulation model. Calculated pressure fluctuation spectra are validated using measurements made on the same configuration in a trisonic wind tunnel at Mach numbers of 0.60, 0.80, and 1.47. The simulation results are used to calculate unsteady integrated forces and moments acting on the store. Spectra of the forces and moments, along with correlations calculated for force/moment pairs, reveal that a complex relationship exists between the unsteady integrated forces and the measured resonant cavity modes, as indicated in the cavity wall pressure measurements. The structure of identified cavity resonant tones is examined by visualization of filtered surface pressure fields.
Pretransfusion trigger platelet counts and dose for prophylactic platelet transfusions.

Purpose of review To assess critically both the blood platelet counts that prompt a platelet transfusion (i.e. trigger) in various clinical settings in patients with thrombocytopenia caused by marrow failure and the dose of platelets infused (i.e. number per each transfusion) for optimal hemostasis, feasibility, and safety. Recent findings Definitive studies (e.g. well-designed, prospective, randomized clinical trials) are not available either historically or at present to support evidence-based decisions. Instead, retrospective reviews and anecdotal reports provide observational data to assist in best guess clinical practices. Summary Reasonable clinical practice, until more definitive data become available, is to transfuse enough platelets per each transfusion to maintain the blood platelet count >10 x 10/L in stable nonbleeding patients, >20 x 10(9)/L in unstable nonbleeding patients, and >50 x 10(9)/L in bleeding patients or in those undergoing invasive procedures.
Womanism and Womanist Gaze

The introduction outlines arguments within cultural studies that are central to this research including questions of racial and cultural hybridity, Afro-religiosity and expressive culture, as well as the ‘tragic mulatto’ character and cinematic representations of ‘passing’. As previously discussed, the Black Magic Woman, a reversal of Hollywood’s ‘tragic mulatto’ as victim/whore, is a pivotal departure from the ‘othering’ position of black women in mainstream film. By attempting to resolve the ‘tragic mulatto’ issue of social alienation with an acceptance of ‘blackness’ in the form of African-based religions, Daughters of the Dust, Sankofa, Eve’s Bayou and I Like It Like That seek to transform the dominant images of race, sex and religion. In so doing, these films aim to present black women protagonists who possess socio-political and cultural agency. These productions further seek to challenge notions of American identity by constructing the Black Magic Woman, a female of mixed racial and cultural heritage, as a New World identity.
Assessing the influence of watershed characteristics on chlorophyll a in waterbodies at global and regional scales

Prediction of primary production of lentic water bodies (i.e., lakes and reservoirs) is valuable to researchers and resource managers alike, but is very rarely done at the global scale. With the development of remote sensing technologies, it is now feasible to gather large amounts of data across the world, including understudied and remote regions. To determine which factors were most important in explaining the variation of chlorophyll a (Chl- a ), an indicator of primary production in water bodies, at global and regional scales, we first developed a geospatial database of 227 water bodies and watersheds with corresponding Chl- a, nutrient, hydrogeomorphic, and climate data. Then we used a generalized additive modeling approach and developed model selection criteria to select models that most parsimoniously related Chl- a to predictor variables for all 227 water bodies and for 51 lakes in the Laurentian Great Lakes region in the data set. Our best global model contained two hydrogeomorphic variables (water body surface area and the ratio of watershed to water body surface area) and a climate variable (average temperature in the warmest model selection criteria to select models that most parsimoniously related Chl- a to predictor variables quarter) and explained ~ 30% of variation in Chl- a. Our regional model contained one hydrogeomorphic variable (flow accumulation) and the same climate variable, but explained substantially more variation (58%). Our results indicate that a regional approach to watershed modeling may be more informative to predicting Chl- a, and that nearly a third of global variability in Chl- a may be explained using hydrogeomorphic and climate variables.
Non-Myeloablative Hematopoietic Transplant with Sirolimus Immunosuppression: Determinants of Outcome.

Abstract We added Sirolimus to an established conditioning regimen in an attempt to optimize engraftment and anti-tumor effects while minimizing GVHD. 55 patients patients with advanced hematological malignancies (median age 60) received cyclophosphamide (1gm/m2 days −7 and −6) and fludarabine (25mg/m2 days −7 through −3) prior to peripheral blood cell (51 patients) or marrow (4 patients) transplant. All received sirolimus with tacrolimus, both adjusted to 5–15ng/ml, and methotrexate (5mg/m2 days 1,3, 6) immunoprophyllaxis. Tacrolimus was tapered from days 30–45 in matched siblings (Msib -12 patients) and days 40–100 in (most) alternative donor recipients (AltD- unrelated donor or 5/6 matched related cells - 43 patients) without acute GVHD. Median follow-up is 313 days in AltD patients and 337 days for Msib patients. All Msib cells engrafted, whereas 3/43 AltD recipients showed primary graft failure or secondary graft failure (1/43). Msib recipients engrafted more rapidly than those with AltD transplants (p Download : Download high-res image (69KB) Download : Download full-size image
Diagnostic accuracy of intravascular ultrasound-derived minimal lumen area compared with fractional flow reserve

Introduction The use of fractional flow reserve (FFR) as the gold standard for functional assessment of intermediate coronary stenosis has been well documented. Intracoronary imaging techniques such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) have been used for additional coronary lesion resolution and some of its anatomic parameters have been studied as having possible correlation with FFR, particularly IVUS minimal lumen area (MLA). We performed a comprehensive review of the available literature in the area. Evidence acquisition A Pubmed search was performed for all the literature involving comparison of diagnostic accuracy of IVUS-MLA with FFR. Evidence synthesis An extensive description of all the available data regarding IVUS-MLA diagnostic value regarding the FFR of stenotic lesions, for both non-left main (non-LM) and left main (LM) lesions. Conclusions For non-LM lesions IVUS-MLA cutoff values to identify specific FFR thresholds have marked heterogeneity and perform particularly poorly in terms of specificity and positive predictive value. For LM lesions IVUS-MLA performs better and shows a better correlation with FFR, though more data is needed to confirmed that trend.
Genetic analysis of kernel texture (grain hardness) in a hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) bi-parental population

Abstract Kernel texture (grain hardness) is a key trait that influences the milling and baking quality of wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.). Herein, hard red spring wheat varieties Butte86 and ND2603, possessing the Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1b alleles, respectively, were used as parents in the development of 132 recombinant inbred lines (RIL). The RIL population and its parents were phenotyped for single kernel characterization system (SKCS) and NIR kernel texture, grain protein content, test weight, SKCS weight, and SKCS diameter, and genotyped using next-generation genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) technology, SSR markers and allele-specific sequence tagged site markers. Linkage maps for the entire RIL population and for two subsets of RILs, grouped on the basis of the Puroindoline-D1 alleles, were developed using a total of 695 markers. Multiple QTL mapping identified 10 QTLs for SKCS and NIR kernel texture with significant loci on 1AS, 1BS, 1BL, 5AL, 5BL, 6BL and 7BS. Of these, the 1BS QTL was associated with the Glu-B3 amplicon 691, and one of the 1BL QTL with Glu-B1 . All QTL conferred an additive effect of ∼3–8 hardness units, a difference in kernel texture similar to or greater than the difference between the Pina-D1b and Pinb-D1b hardness mutations.
The Girl Who Loved Stories

Once upon a time, I was a little girl who loved stories better than human beings. I open my tale with those sacred words—“once upon a time”—because they are a key to childhood stories, and to mine more than most. You see, I know that stories made me human. It was by devouring words written by and about people, listening to, reading, and finally writing them, that I learned to understand those I shared the world with, and to connect with them instead of watching from a remove.
Verification of Fixed-Width, Credible Interval Temperature Forecasts

A new scoring scheme for verification of fixed-width, credible interval temperature forecasts, which penalizes forecasts of low probabilities for their uncertainty, has been developed. This scoring scheme encourages the forecaster to maximize the proportion of verifying forecasts and to provide probabilities that reflect his true confidence. Results of the use of this scoring scheme in the University of Michigan Forecast Game indicate that a forecaster should strive first for accuracy of the temperature forecast and second for having well-calibrated associated probabilities.
Venous Thromboembolism: Deep Venous Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is the third most life-threatening cardiovascular disease in the USA, affecting a significant number of people each year. The treatment of VTE, encompassing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), includes both medical and interventional therapies. The severity of the disease varies, with some patients requiring only outpatient medical management, while others may experience significant lifelong morbidity, limb loss, or death. This chapter discusses the pathophysiology of VTE and its historical origins and treatments. Clinical manifestations, diagnostic and treatment methods, and procedural techniques are reviewed.
Simulation of imperfect micromixing for first-order adiabatic reactions: the coalescence–dispersion model

Abstract A nonisothermal extension of the coalescence–dispersion (CD) model was developed to study the effects of micromixing on the bistability of adiabatic first-order reactions in continuously fed stirred tank reactors. The predictions of this nonisothermal CD model, which can also be used to calculate unstable solution branches, closely agree with calculations from the nonisothermal interaction exchange with the mean (IEM) model when the characteristic mass and thermal micromixing times are identical. The model predicts that micromixing has little effect on the overall conversion and temperature on the flow branch for adiabatic first-order reactions. However, the exit temperature distributions can be significantly altered as the mixing becomes decreasingly efficient. In contrast, mixing significantly influences the overall conversion and temperature when the reactor operates on the thermodynamic branch, but the exit temperature distributions show little qualitative change.
Role of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-infected primary effusion lymphomas.

Primary effusion lymphomas (PELs), which are rare lymphomas associated with Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (or human herpesvirus-8) infection, present as malignant lymphomatous effusions in body cavities. Because PELs prefer liquid growth, we hypothesized that increased vascular permeability would be required for effusions to form. We found that the PEL cell lines BC-1, BCP-1, and BCBL-1 produce high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor (VEGF/VPF). Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis of RNA from the PEL cell lines amplified the 3 VEGF-secreted isoforms: VEGF/VPF121, VEGF/VPF145, and VEGF/VPF165. Two of the PEL cell lines expressed the VEGF/VPF receptor Flt-1, but VEGF/VPF did not stimulate proliferation in these cells. Most (13/14) control SCID/beige mice inoculated intraperitoneally with BCBL-1 cells and subsequently observed or treated with control antibodies developed effusion lymphoma of human cell origin with prominent bloody ascites. In contrast, none (0/9) of the mice treated with a neutralizing antihuman VEGF/VPF antibody developed ascites and effusion lymphoma. These results demonstrate that VEGF/VPF is critical to BCBL-1 growth as effusion lymphoma in mice and suggest that VEGF/VPF stimulation of vascular permeability may be critical to the pathogenesis of PELs.
The impact of implementation support on the use of a social engagement intervention for children with autism in public schools

Several interventions have demonstrated efficacy in improving social outcomes for children with autism; however, few have been successfully implemented in schools. This study compared two implement...
Power, pitfalls, and potential for integrating computational literacy into undergraduate ecology courses

Environmental research requires understanding nonlinear ecological dynamics that interact across multiple spatial and temporal scales. The analysis of long-term and high-frequency sensor data combined with simulation modeling enables interpretation of complex ecological phenomena, and the computational skills needed to conduct these analyses are increasingly being integrated into graduate student training programs in ecology. Despite its importance, however, computational literacy-that is, the ability to harness the power of computer technologies to accomplish tasks-is rarely taught in undergraduate ecology classrooms, representing a major gap in training students to tackle complex environmental challenges. Through our experience developing undergraduate curricula in long-term and high-frequency data analysis and simulation modeling for two environmental science pedagogical initiatives, Project EDDIE (Environmental Data-Driven Inquiry and Exploration) and Macrosystems EDDIE, we have found that students often feel intimidated by computational tasks, which is compounded by the lack of familiarity with software (e.g., R) and the steep learning curves associated with script-based analytical tools. The use of prepackaged, flexible modules that introduce programming as a mechanism to explore environmental datasets and teach inquiry-based ecology, such as those developed for Project EDDIE and Macrosystems EDDIE, can significantly increase students' experience and comfort levels with advanced computational tools. These types of modules in turn provide great potential for empowering students with the computational literacy needed to ask ecological questions and test hypotheses on their own. As continental-scale sensor observatory networks rapidly expand the availability of long-term and high-frequency data, students with the skills to manipulate, visualize, and interpret such data will be well-prepared for diverse careers in data science, and will help advance the future of open, reproducible science in ecology.
Development of a return to work tool for primary care providers for patients with low back pain: A pilot study

Context: Low back pain (LBP) is a common cause of disability in adults and primary care physicians (PCPs) are commonly the first medical practitioners to assess these patients. Despite this, PCPs often feel unprepared to make return to work (RTW) recommendations. Aims: The purpose of our project was to develop RTW guidelines for patients with LBP in the form of an accessible and adaptable electronic medical records (EMR) integrated tool. Settings and Design: All licensed physicians and physician extenders who see patients over the age of 18 years, presenting with acute LBP who are currently employed were eligible for participation. PCPs were randomized with and without the RTW guidelines and charts were reviewed to assess if PCPs made RTW recommendations. Subjects and Methods: RTW guidelines were developed using the Oswestry LBP Disability Questionnaire and the Official Disability Guidelines and integrated into the EMR. Statistical Analysis Used: A Chi-square analysis was used to compare physicians in the interventional and control groups. Results: Forty-four PCPs were randomized into the intervention group and 37 into the control group. In the intervention group, 301 patient encounters met the inclusion criteria for acute LBP. Of these, RTW recommendations were used in 7.3% encounters. Comparatively, there were 256 cases of LBP in the control group and RTW recommendations were offered in 1.6% of encounters (P < 0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that PCPs with access to the RTW guidelines in an EMR-integrated tool were significantly more likely to make such recommendations.
JUST ANOTHER CASE OF ENDOCARDITIS

Endocarditis complications can include heart failure and embolic phenomena. In patients with hypoxia and increased right atrial pressures, right to left shunt should be considered. A 28 year old female with history of intravenous drug abuse presented 26 weeks pregnant with fever and dyspnea. Blood
Associations between internal and external sexual consent in a diverse national sample of women

Sexual consent can be conceptualized as an internal willingness to engage in sexual behavior. To communicate this internal feeling, people use and interpret cues—both active and passive. We proposed and tested a model for the potential mechanisms underlying women's sexual consent, which predicted associations between women's internal feelings of consent and the consent cues communicated and interpreted in a given sexual encounter. Because research on sexual consent has consistently urged researchers to collect data from samples that are not primarily college-aged and White, we conducted a pilot systematic review of peer-reviewed sexual consent literature to confirm this need. We then used structural equation modeling to test our proposed model with data from a national sample diverse regarding age and race/ethnicity (n = 589). We found that women's internal consent feelings are associated with their use of active consent cues—especially nonverbal cues. Because passive cues were unrelated to women's internal consent, not resisting or not saying no should not be used to infer women's consent.
Fabrication of Broadband Anti-reflective Surface on Fused Silica from Visible to SWIR Spectral Band

A reactive-ion etching process, can be optimized to fabricate an angle of incidence independent, anti-reflective, random-structured novel material; and can be tailored to shift the nearly perfect transmissive waveband through it from Visible to SWIR.
The Effect of Lacosamide on Chronic Migraine: Retrospective Analysis in a Single Center Healthcare Academic Institute (P3.10-023)

Objective: To assess the effectiveness of lacosamide on migraine outcomes in a single center healthcare academic institute. Background: Antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor are effective in chronic migraine therapy. Lacosamide is an antiepileptic drug that blocks CGRP release in the trigeminal system by inhibiting collapsin response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2) phosphorylation. Animal studies have demonstrated the potential efficacy of lacosamide in acute migraine therapy, though clinical investigation has yet to be initiated. Design/Methods: We identified and characterized a cohort of patients including those administered lacosamide from January 2012 to October 2018 at the University of Utah Headache clinic and possessing an ICD-10 diagnosis of migraine (G43). As a preliminary case series, we performed a retrospective chart review of 6 patients in this cohort who were prescribed lacosamide by our physician. All 6 patients were diagnosed with chronic migraine according to ICHD3-beta criteria. Results: Of the 6 patients, the average age was 33.83 (range was 18 to 62), with 67% female (n = 4). We observed a mean reduction of Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS) scores by 36.17, headache frequency by 9.83 days, and pain levels associated with headaches by 1.17 following administration of lacosamide. Medications discontinued prior to lacosamide include antidepressants such as SNRIs (venlafaxine) and TCAs (nortriptyline), other anticonvulsant drugs (phenytoin ER), and NSAIDs (indomethacin, naproxen). Conclusions: This is the first retrospective examination of the efficacy of lacosamide on clinically-assessed migraine outcomes, demonstrating potential for the drug to be used as an effective therapy for patients with chronic migraine. We plan to perform further chart review for the larger cohort of patients at our clinic and determine whether lacosamide is correlated with improved migraine outcomes. Disclosure: Dr. Yuan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wong has nothing to disclose. Dr. Davis has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ozudogru has nothing to disclose.
Introduction: The Weariness of Democracy

In this introductory chapter, the authors examine a concept they call the weariness of democracy, which they define as a heightened sense of disillusionment with the potential of liberal democracy to address large-scale social, cultural, political, and economic problems and to create just and vibrant societies. They examine how this weariness manifests itself in support of anti-pluralist populist leaders, as witnessed in recent rightwing electoral victories in Europe, Latin America, and the United States, and how the rightward turn contributes to further disillusionment among those groups that have been increasingly marginalized by populist movements. The authors argue that this contemporary problem is the historical culmination of liberal democracy’s inextricable alliance with capitalism, which has always favored the economic and political elite. Not only have these plutocracies effectively utilized the neocolonial economic model to ensure their positions, they have used their power to promote homogeneous societies that suppress diversity in language, culture, and religion. The essays introduced in this chapter provide compelling alternatives to this unjust narrative.
Ability of the misfolding avoidance hypothesis to explain protein evolutionary rates in the light of empirical evidence

In this brief communication we further discuss the relationship between the rate of protein evolution and the misfolding avoidance hypothesis (MAH), as it was originally proposed. We also discuss results of empirical tests of the MAH, and demonstrate the lack of any substantial correlation between protein stability, quantified by protein folding free energy, and protein evolutionary rates. Based on multiple available evidence, the MAH is unlikely to play any major role in explaining a strong negative correlation between protein abundance and the protein molecular clock.