cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Provocative testing for chest pain.

Abstract Since the first Chest Pain Center (CPC) was set up in 1981 to speed up the evaluation and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction, the original concept has been expanded to include rapid evaluation of chest pain patients with the appropriate streamlining of care and incorporation of the latest in technology. It has also been established that among patients presenting with acute chest pain, a very low-risk group with less than 5% probability of a coronary event can be identified. The recognition of this group could prevent unnecessary admissions, affording more appropriate patient care and improved cost-effectiveness. The efficient management of these chest pain patients requires that there be reductions in: (1) delays in therapy, (2) “soft” admissions, (3) inappropriate dispositions, and (4) cost. With time, provocative testing (PT) for chest pain patients has been brought forward to the frontline. PT methods are now being studied in hundreds of emergency department (ED) patients, followed up over several months to ascertain the predictive value of both positive and negative test results. More and more CPCs are now using PT as part of their management protocol, in terms of decision-making pertaining to prognostification, treatment and disposition. This could be in the form of the ECG graded exercise test (GXT), stress echocardiography (SE) and stress single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) radionuclide perfusion imaging. The GXT is fairly widely used currently, SE is gaining popularity and stress radionuclide perfusion imaging will perhaps gain more acceptance as the experience with its use as well as the number of randomized controlled studies increase. As we move into the new millennium, the emergency physicians must familiarize themselves with the latest in the state-of-the-art concepts and technology to render improved, up-to-date and more cost-effective patient care. (Am J Emerg Med 2000;18:793-801. Copyright © 2000 by W.B. Saunders Company)
Review of some recent work on acceleration radiation

Some developments in quantum field theory in accelerated frames that may not have got the attention they deserve are reviewed here. They concern (1) elementary particles as radiating accelerated detectors; (2) sound calculations of mirror and black-hole radiation; (3) vacuum energy in the presence of accelerated boundaries; (4) exhaustive study of all accelerated stationary frames in flat space, resolving the issue of the effects of rotation. Some related outstanding questions are mentioned.
Glaucoma-associated myocilin: A better understanding but much more to learn

Over a decade has passed since myocilin was identified as the first gene linked to early and late-onset primary open-angle glaucoma. During this time, considerable effort has been put forth to understand the functional role myocilin has in normal and glaucomatous eyes. Myocilin is expressed in many ocular and non-ocular tissues, is found in both intracellular and extracellular spaces, and has been linked to elevations in intraocular pressure. Mutations in the myocilin gene that have been associated with glaucoma appear to confer a gain-of-functional activity rather than loss of function. Unfortunately, what the normal function of myocilin is and how alterations in the function can confer a glaucoma phenotype have yet to be elucidated. We will review the current understanding of myocilin with special emphasis on the structural makeup of the myocilin gene and protein, its possible physiological roles internal and external to ocular cells, the regulation of intraocular pressure as evidenced through the use of perfusion culture systems and animal models, and as a causative agent in some forms of glaucoma.
Models of palliative care delivery in the United States

Purpose of reviewTo summarize the current United States healthcare system and describe current models of palliative care delivery.Recent findingsPalliative care services in the USA have been heavily influenced by the public–private fee-for-service reimbursement system. Hospice provides care for 46%
INFLUENCE OF LARGE DOSES OF ESTROGENS ON THE BLOOD PICTURE OF RHESUS MONKEYS (Macaca mulatto)

THE PRESENT STUDY was made on rhesus monkeys of the Carnegie colony in Baltimore, which had been receiving huge quantities of estrogens over long periods of time. This work seemed all the more interesting because the rhesus monkey has proved to be far more tolerant of estrogens than the dog (4) or the mouse. The animals were kept on a mixed diet (1). Blood was drawn at 9 A.M. from the femoral vein, for all determinations. Red and white blood cells were counted in the improved Neubauer chamber. Hemoglobin was determined with the Newcomer hemoglobinometer. Differential counts were made on smears stained with Wright's stain, and at least two hundred cells were counted. For the determination of reticulocytes at least 500 cells were counted. Cell volume was determined with Wintrobe's (2) hematocrit tubes. Counts determined in 4 untreated animals (8 observations) showed values similar to those established by Shukers, Langston and Day (3) (table 1).
Clinical and radiologic lacrimal testing in patients with epiphora.

Abstract Objective: The purpose of the study is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of selected clinical and radiologic lacrimal tests in patients with epiphora. Design: The study design was a prospective clinical trial. Participants: Fifteen patients with epiphora (N = 27 eyes) were studied. Methods: All patients underwent Jones testing, the dye disappearance test, canalicular probing, lacrimal scintigraphy, and macrodacryocystography. Main Outcome Measures: The dye disappearance test was graded individually by three ophthalmologists. Lacrimal scintigraphy and macrodacryocystography were evaluated by a nuclear medicine specialist and a radiologist, respectively. A panel of three ophthalmologists evaluated the data using a scoring system that relied on the preponderance of evidence to arrive at a final assessment. Results: When the Jones I test results were negative (dye recovered from the nose), the epiphora was always from hypersecretion. When the Jones I test results were positive (no dye recovered from the nose), obstruction was not always present. When the dye disappearance test results were strongly abnormal, obstruction was always present. In contrast, when the dye disappearance test results were normal, the lacrimal drainage system was not always patent. Canalicular probing was more reliable than scintigraphy in identifying canalicular obstruction. Marked stenosis of the sac or duct on dacryocystography essentially confirmed nasolacrimal outflow obstruction; however, with the authors' technique, a normal study was found in some patients with functional or partial obstruction. Conclusions: More than one lacrimal test may be required for a definitive diagnosis in patients with epiphora due to partial or functional nasolacrimal outflow obstruction.
Novel adult feeding disruption test (FDT) to detect insecticide resistance of lepidopteran pests in cotton.

BACKGROUND Resistance monitoring is an important aspect of insect resistance management and the preservation of insecticide efficacy. The adult vial test (AVT) is most often used for resistance monitoring for a variety of insects. A potential alternative method is feeding disruption where resistant insects are distinguished from susceptible insects on the basis of their ability to feed on insecticide in nectar containing a colorimetric marker to measure feeding. The advantages of a feeding disruption test (FDT) for lepidopteran adults might include a more rapid assay than AVT, an assay format easier to prepare, a bioassay applicable to both oral and contact insecticides and the provision of food and water during the course of the test. The objective of the present work was to determine the feasibility of an adult FDT. RESULTS Heliothis virescens moths fed permethrin and spinosad in dyed nectar yielded dose-dependent ingestion, fecal production and mortality data. A permethrin diagnostic dose distinguished pyrethroid-resistant from pyrethroid-susceptible moths, based on fecal production. CONCLUSION Proof of concept was demonstrated for an adult FDT in which resistant moths were distinguished from susceptible moths on the basis of the ability of the insect to feed on insecticide in dyed nectar and produce dyed feces.© 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
A quantitative study of relaxation rate enhancement produced by iron oxide particles in polyacrylamide gels and tissue

The proton relaxation rate enhancements produced by two types of iron oxide particles, M4125 and AM125 (Advanced Magnetics, Cambridge, MA) designed as potential MR contrast agents, have been measured in polyacrylamide gels and in liver and spleen. The organ uptakes, time courses, and biodistributions of these materials have been measured using radiolabeling. The relaxation rate enhancements produced by these particles have been related to the concentration of iron per gram material at different magnetic field strengths. The relaxation rates increase linearly as a function of concentration at field strengths varying from 0.15 to 7 T. The relaxation effects of these particles in tissue are significantly different from the behavior in vitro. These results suggest that several different mechanisms contribute to relaxation effects in the presence of iron oxide particles and they depend strongly on the way the particles are sequestered. Diffusion effects for a specified TE may be enhanced using gradient or single-spin echoes rather than multiple echoes. AMI25 is significantly more effective as a relaxation agent than paramagnetic metal ions only at relatively high fields, while M4125 is less effective per unit concentration. © 1989 Academic Press, Inc.
Adaptive Object Tracking using Particle Swarm Optimization

This paper presents an automatic object detection and tracking algorithm by using particle swarm optimization (PSO) based method, which is a searching algorithm inspired by the behaviors of social insect in the nature. A cascade of boosted classifiers based on Haar-like features is trained and employed to detect objects. To improve the searching efficiency, first the object model is projected into a high-dimensional feature space, and the PSO-based algorithm is applied to search over this high-dimensional space and converge to some global optima, which are well-matched candidates in terms of object features. Then, a Bayes-based filter is used to identify the best match with the highest possibility among these candidates under the constraint of object motion estimation. The proposed algorithm considers not only the object features but also the object motion estimation to speed up the searching procedure. Experimental results of tracking on vehicle and face demonstrate that the proposed method is efficient and robust under dynamic environment.
Safety considerations for new vaccine development

Vaccines are highly effective and extremely safe. Although most known vaccine reactions are minor (e.g. fever, injection site pain or swelling), rare but serious reactions such as vaccine-associated paralytic polio do occur. When large populations are vaccinated, some adverse health events may occur by chance shortly after vaccination. It is difficult to determine whether these are truly coincidental or attributable to the vaccine. The most reliable way to assess causality is in a controlled study, but clinical trials of new vaccines are typically too small to detect rare but serious effects. If the size of these trials were increased, much more could be learned about the safety of a vaccine prior to its exposure to entire populations. This information would increase confidence in the safety of vaccines, would be a valuable resource for assessing spontaneous reports of adverse events after licensure, and would reduce the risk of licensing a new vaccine that had the potential to cause severe injury to a small proportion of vaccinees.
Modeling of the generic spatial heterodyne spectrometer and comparison with conventional spectrometer

We describe the modeling of the generic spatial heterodyne spectrometer. This instrument resembles a somewhat modified Michelson interferometer, in which the power spectrum of the input source is determined by performing a one-dimensional Fourier transform on the output intensity profile. Code has been developed to analyze the performance of this type of spectrometer by determining the dependence of both spectral resolution and throughput on parameters such as aperture and field of view. An example of a heterodyne spectrometer is developed to illustrate the techniques employed in the modeling and a comparison undertaken between its performance and that of a conventional spectrometer. Unlike the traditional Fourier transform infrared system, the heterodyne spectrometer has the very desirable feature of having no moving components.
Effect of ACTH and Adrenal Hormones on Cleft Palate Frequency in CD-1 Mice

Cortisone, hydrocortisone, corticosterone, epinephrine, ACTH, and the vehicle were injected into female CD-1 mice on days 11 to 14 of pregnancy, either intramuscularly, intraperitoneally, or subcutaneously. Cortisone and hydrocortisone significantly increased cleft palate frequency in all three injection routes, and corticosterone increased the frequency only in the intramuscular and subcutaneous routes.
Top Ten Reasons the World Wide Web May Fail to Change Medical Education.

The Internet's World Wide Web (WWW) offers educators a unique opportunity to introduce computer-assisted instructional (CAI) programs into the medical school curriculum. With the WWW, CAI programs developed at one medical school could be successfully used at other institutions without concern about hardware or software compatibility; further, programs could be maintained and regularly updated at a single central location, could be distributed rapidly, would be technology-independent, and would be presented in the same format on all computers. However, while the WWW holds promise for CAI, the author discusses ten reasons that educators' efforts to fulfill the Web's promise may fail, including the following: CAI is generally not fully integrated into the medical school curriculum; students are not tested on material taught using CAI; and CAI programs tend to be poorly designed. The author argues that medical educators must overcome these obstacles if they are to make truly effective use of the WWW in the classroom.
On the mechanical energy and effective stress in saturated and unsaturated porous continua

Abstract This paper has two objectives: (a) to formulate a mechanical theory of porous continua within the framework of strong discontinuity concept commonly employed for the analysis of strain localization in inelastic solids; and (b) to introduce an effective stress tensor for three-phase (solid–water–air) partially saturated porous continua emerging from principles of thermodynamics. To achieve the first objective, strong forms of the boundary-value problems are compared between two formulations, the first in which the velocity jump at the solid–fluid interface is treated as a strong discontinuity problem, and the second in which the strong discontinuity is smeared in the representative volume element. As for the second objective, an effective Cauchy stress tensor of the form σ ¯ = σ + ( 1 - K / K s ) p ¯ 1 emerges from the formulation, where σ is the total stress tensor, K and Ks are the bulk moduli of the solid matrix and solid phase, respectively, and p ¯ is the mean pore water and pore air pressures weighted according to the degree of saturation. We show from the first and second laws of thermodynamics that this effective stress tensor is power-conjugate to the solid rate of deformation tensor, and that it includes the mechanical power required to compress the solid phase.
URBAN STRUCTURE AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF NATURAL SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SERVICE-DEPENDENT POPULATIONS*

This paper suggests that the delivery of services to dependent populations can be facilitated by the existing urban structure, particularly the prevailing patterns of homogeneity and heterogeneity. As a complement to formal attempts to improve the delivery of services and alter what often appears to be a spatially and socially unjust urban structure, the paper provides examples of simple interventions that can expand and enhance informal service delivery at the local level.
A new device to improve cast articulation procedures

Achieving accurate cast articulation is a challenge for dentists and dental technicians. To ensure accuracy, a convenient, efficient, and predictable technique is needed to stabilize dental casts together, even when the casts are wet. The purpose of this article is to describe the use of a device specifically designed to secure casts together during the articulation process.
Reduction of timed marked graphs and its applications to manufacturing systems

Marked graphs are an important class of Petri nets for modeling asynchronous concurrent systems. Their reduction theory has been well established. To evaluate the cycle time and other performance measures, their places and/or transitions can be associated with deterministic timing information. Analytical formulas are well known based on all loops in the graph. They have been used to derive the cycle time of a shop-floor production system, a robotic assembly system, and a flexible manufacturing system cell. It is observed that a marked graph model grows with the system size and results in a complexity problem to find all the loops inside the model. To challenge this problem, the paper proposes a reduction theory and algorithm for timed marked graphs. Thus the stepwise reduction of timed marked graphs can be performed efficiently. This method has been used to evaluate a flexible manufacturing system (FMS) cell. >
Children's Journeys Through the Information Age

From the Publisher: Children's Journeys Through the Information Age by Sandra Calvert addresses many of the issues surrounding our culture's continuing immersion into technology,looking particularly at the current and emerging information technologies influencing children. Calvert poses questions about the effects of these technologies and discusses their meaning for parents,teachers,and policymakers. For instance,Calvert looks at specific software designs and mediums (i. e. TV,Diskette,CD-ROM) to explore how gender role,ethnic,and racial stereotypes are carried to intended audiences through implicit messages in these programs.
Laboratory facility for flexible structure control experiments

A laboratory facility to study various control problems related to flexible mechanical structures is described. Computer, interfacing, and software issues are discussed. A novel proof-mass actuator is presented. A free-free suspended-beam experiment and a skewing-beam experiment are described. Three additional experimental setups at various stages of development are briefly considered. >
Extending Offensive Realism: The Louisiana Purchase and America's Rise to Regional Hegemony

John Mearsheimer suggests that, whenever possible, great powers are constrained to seek regional hegemony, the safest feasible situation for a state. This objective is hard to achieve because other great powers want to block the attempt, but it is doable because buck-passing and other hurdles make balancing inefficient. Contra Mearsheimer, I argue that it is the absence of balancers, not balancing inefficiencies, that best explains when states can hope to dominate their neighborhoods. Regional hegemony is only achievable when it is easy. I use property space techniques to develop an extended version of offensive realism that clarifies why states will sometimes prefer not to block a hegemonic bid. In particular, I argue that local considerations will often prevent a continental great power from responding to a rising state in another region. I test my argument by process tracing the U.S. purchase of Louisiana and show that France's decision to sell is best explained by its pursuit of its own territorial ambitions. My extended version of offensive realism suggests that its single success story of the last 200 years, U.S. dominance of North America, provides no encouragement to contemporary states contemplating a bid for regional hegemony.
Pressure and temperature dependences of the dielectric constant, Raman spectra and lattice constant of SnI4†

Abstract The pressure and temperature dependences of the Raman frequencies, static dielectric constant and lattice constant of the molecular crystal SnI4, were investigated. These results are combined to evaluate the pure volume and pure temperature (i.e. volume-independent) dependences of the molecular polarizability and of the Raman-active phonon self-energies. The pressure results also allow the separation of the Raman modes into external and internal modes of the crystal; the external modes exhibit a much stronger pressure dependence, and thereby larger Gruneisen parameters, than do the internal modes. The Raman frequencies increase (decrease) with increasing pressure (temperature) whereas the dielectric constant increases with both increasing pressure and temperature, emphasizing the importance of non-volume effects. In fact, it is found that the isobaric temperature dependence of the dielectric constant is dominated by the pure temperature dependence of the molecular polarizability. The pure volume dependence of the polarizability, on the other hand, is relatively small as is perhaps typical of most molecular crystals.
Design and implementation of a radiation portal monitor Multi-Lane Simulator

Deploying radiation portal monitors (RPMs) at U.S. ports of entry requires an understanding of an RPM system's performance at sites with a large number of RPMs. This paper describes an RPM Multi-Lane Simulator that has been designed and implemented to simulate vehicle traffic at these sites. The Simulator's flexible architecture simulates vehicle traffic with its associated radiation profiles and emulates each RPM's radiation sensor panels. The RPM vendor's embedded control computer firmware and supervisory software are left unchanged, thereby enabling hardware-in-the-loop testing of RPM system performance in configurations that exceed what is experienced in the field. The Simulator has proven to be a valuable and cost effective performance testing tool used by both Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and U.S. Customs and Border Protection systems integration and testing staff.
Microsomal N-Depropargylation of Pargyline to Propiolaldehyde, an Irreversible Inhibitor of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase

Rat liver microsomes catalyzed the conversion of pargyline (N-methyl-N-propargylbenzylamine) to propiolaldehyde, a potent inhibitor of the low Km mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (A1DH) isozyme. The involvement of cytochrome P-450 in vivo was shown indirectly by (a) the ability of SKF-525A to block pargylineinduced acetaldehydemia, (b) the prolongation of phenobarbital sleeping time by pargyline, and (c) the enhancement of pargylineinduced acetaldehydemia by phenobarbital pretreatment. Propiolaldehyde was isolated as its semicarbazone by incubating pargyline with either phenobarbital-induced or uninduced rat liver microsomes and an NADPH-generating system, the latter being required for propiolaldehyde formation. In vitro studies with liver mitochondria showed that propiolaldehyde inhibition of A1DH was temperature- and time-dependent and irreversible. We propose that the cytochrome P-450 catalyzed conversion of pargyline to its active metabolite, propiolaldehyde, proceeds via a mechanism involving N-depropargylation, viz., hydroxylation of pargyline alpha to the acetylenic bond forming a carbinolamine intermediate, followed by dissociation.
Alejo Carpentier: The Pilgrim at Home

* Preface * Preface to the Paperback Edition *1. Preamble: A Post-Carpenterian Reflection *2. Lord, Praised Be Thou *3. Fugitive Island *4. The Parting of the Waters *5. Memories of the Future *6. The Pilgrim's Last Journeys * Bibliography * Select Bibliography of Carpentier's Works * Works Cited * Bibliographical Supplement to the Paperback Edition * Carpentier's Works * Works Cited * Index
Opioids in the nucleus of the solitary tract are involved in feeding in the rat

We evaluated the effect of selective opioid peptides and naltrexone on feeding when injected into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS). Doses of 0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 nmol of [D-Ala2,N-Me-Phe4,Gly5-ol]enkephalin (DAMGO, mu-agonist), dynorphin A-(1-17) (DynA-(1-17), kappa-agonist), and [D-Ser2]leucine enkephalin-thr, (delta-agonist) were injected into the NTS in satiated male rats, and food intake was measured at 1, 2, and 4 h. Only DAMGO significantly increased feeding above control levels at doses of 2, 4, and 8 nmol. Doses of 10 and 50 microg naltrexone in the NTS significantly decreased 18-h deprivation-induced feeding. These data suggest that NTS opioid receptors (primarily mu) may be involved in the regulation of feeding.
The “Judaism” of Samaria and Galilee in Josephus's Version of the Letter of Demetrius I to Jonathan (Antiquities 13.48–57)

The slapdash, seamy character of the second half of Josephus's Antiquities frequently obscures the author's purpose; the recovery of this information is therefore often neglected, though scholars are becoming increasingly aware of the task's importance. A good example of this scholarly neglect concerns the little narrative complex of Ant. 13.1-79, covering the period from Judas's death in battle against Bacchides in 160 BCE to the appointment of Jonathan as high priest (152 BCE) and the death of Demetrius I in 150 BCE; the complex concludes with two stories about Jewish affairs in Egypt (13.62-79). These stories have been clumsily introduced into a narrative which is otherwise a close paraphrase of 1 Maccabees, and are not commonly understood to have any relation to their context other than a vague chronological aptness: both stories are said to have occurred, like most of the high priesthood of Jonathan, in the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor (13.79). I shall argue that the stories have not only a chronological but also a close thematic connection to their context, and that the narrative, properly understood, expresses a propagandists motif not hitherto noticed in Antiquities. Furthermore, this motif may have important implications for our understanding of Antiquities as a whole, and perhaps important historical implications, as well.
From paper to electron: how an STM journal can survive the disruptive technology of the Internet.

The Internet represents a different type of technology for publishers of scientific, technical, and medical journals. It is not a technology that sustains current markets and creates new efficiencies but is, rather, a disruptive technology that could radically alter market forces, profit expectations, and business models. This paper is a translation and amplification of the research done in this area, applied to a large-circulation new science journal, Pediatrics . The findings suggest that the journal of the future will be electronic, have a less volatile cost structure, be supported more by services than by content, be less able to rely on subscription revenues, and abandon certain elements of current value networks. It also provides a possible framework for other publishers to use to evaluate their own journals relative to this disruptive technology.
Hydrophobic silica aerogels by silylation

Abstract In this work, silica gel networks were modified with a silylating agent dimethoxy-methyl (3,3,3-trifluoropropyl) silane (SiF 3 ) to obtain hydrophobic aerogels of various surface energy values. The baseline aerogels were synthesized from tetraethoxy silane (TEOS) using a two-step sol–gel process followed by supercritical drying in liquid carbon dioxide. The resultant aerogels were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Instron tensile tester, contact angle goniometry, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. Three modification methods were studied. In method 1, TEOS and SiF 3 were combined before gelation; in method 2, SiF 3 was added after TEOS was hydrolyzed and before its condensation, and in method 3, SiF 3 was added after the gels were produced from TEOS. It was found that method 3 produced the best results in terms of achieving high values of hydrophobicity and compressive properties. The data on solid state 13 C and 29 Si NMR spectra revealed chemical reactions between the silylating agents and the silanol groups on silica surface. The bulk density and the fractal dimensions of silica networks gleaned from small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data showed weak dependence on the degree of silylation. The silylation process rendered the aerogels strongly hydrophobic and also doubled its compressive modulus.
New and Noteworthy: Just Give ‘Em Something New? How We Think about Innovation in Libraries

Innovation is widely considered to be an essential component of a successful library, but what does it mean? This issue's "New and Noteworthy" column focuses on just a few of the many recent books and articles discussing the innovation and why it needs to be a topic of conversation and action among library and information services leaders.
Continuous Commissioning Using Embedded Sensor Networks

Continuous commissioning focuses on optimizing the HVAC systems and the operation controls for existing building condition. However, currently the continuous commissioning processes overlook an important factor of user comfort. By not integrating the real indoor environment parameters the commissioning processes ignore the dynamics and the variations in the indoor environment which can affect the user productivity and hence the overall benefit. We built and deployed a pervasive sensor network using the CMU Critter Temperature Sensor to determine the effects of room usage on building conditions using real building performance data. Our results show that the building state is dynamic and the indoor environmental parameters vary significantly based on the usage of the room and layout. The results also underline the requirement for a pervasive, rather than sparse, sensor network for collecting building performance data. In our project, we plan to collect real time data from thousands of sensor nodes and do real time decision making for improving the building commissioning process. The challenges lie in the ability to process, store and manage the large amount of sensor data.
Differential diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis by biopsy of muscle.

Nodular inflammatory lesions in skeletal muscles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis have been reported in varying frequency. Similar lesions have also been described in a small group of other diseases. The purposes of this paper are first, to determine from our biopsy material the incidence of cellular infiltrations in skeletal muscles in diseases other than rheumatoid arthritis and second, to establish, if possible, further evidence for the histologically specific nature of the polymyositic nodules in rheumatoid arthritis. Curtis and Pollard in 1940 described cellular infiltrations in the subcutaneous tissues and skeletal muscles in 8 of a group of 11 patients: 3 with Felty's syndrome, 4 with rheumatoid arthritis, splenomegaly and leukocytosis and 4 with rheumatoid arthritis without splenomegaly and leukopenia. In the opinion of the authors, the perivascular lymphocytic infiltration was an indication of either a close relationship between, or the identity of, Felty's syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Freund and co-workers, guided by their previous findings in peripheral nerves, examined sections of skeletal muscles of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In 1945 and 1946, Steiner and co-workers' reported having found typical inflammatory nodules in biopsies or in sections of skeletal muscles taken at autopsy from 24 patients with this disease. These cellular infiltrations were present in the endoymysium and perimysium, rarely in the epimysium, and were composed of lymphocytes and plasma cells with very occasional mast cells and rare neutrophils. There were very small amounts of collagenous tissue within the nodules and no reticulin networks. The adjacent muscle fibers had undergone various types of degenerative change which they interpreted as secondary to the presence of the inflammatory reaction. The control material reported by them consisted of sections of skeletal muscles in 196 routine autopsies, and of biopsies from 7 patients in whom skeletal muscle lesions were to be expected. No similar cellular accumulations were found in any of these controls. Clawson confirmed these findings, stating that he had found similar infiltrations in biopsies of skeletal muscles of more than one-half of approximately 70 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. He also reported having seen lesions of a similar nature in a few patients with acute rheumatic fever and in one with a healed rheumatic valvular deformity. Black-SchafTer mentioned similar lesions in one patient with dermatomyositis and one with scleroderma. Gibson, Kersley and Desmarais found cellular infiltrations in the skeletal muscles taken for biopsy in all of 11 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. deForest, Bunting and Kenney examined skeletal muscles taken for biopsy from 16 patients with a clinical
Research note: employment and wage sensitivity to tourism activities - the case of US tourist arrivals and expenditure in Hawaii.

This study explores the dynamic effects of US employment, real wages, employee overtime hours, travel costs and market shocks on tourism demand to Hawaii from the US mainland. The results show that US tourist arrivals and expenditure in Hawaii are sensitive to a change in total employment. These findings suggest that employment growth is a driving force of US tourism demand for Hawaii. In examining the magnitudes of the income and substitution effects of a change in real wages, the income effect is found to outweigh its substitution effect, indicating that a rise in income resulting from a higher wage increases tourist expenditure in the USA. In addition, the 2001 terrorist attacks and the 2008 financial crisis have had detrimental impacts on tourism demand for Hawaii destinations.
A Bioassay Technique for Elm Bark Beetle Feeding Stimulants

Feeding by Scolytus multistriatus (Marsham) is restricted to the family Ulmaceae. Although Loschiavo et al. reported (1963) that S. multistriatus feeds only on species of the genus Ulmus , others have observed it feeding on nursery-grown Zelcova serrata .[3][1] Laboratory studies by Becker and Mankowsky (1965) also demonstrated that the beetles would feed on Z. serrata . In laboratory choice tests with freshly cut twigs, they found significantly less feeding on Hemiptelea Davidii than on Ulmus americana . No feeding was observed on Celtis occidentalis or Quercus alba . [1]: #fn-1
Income and Cognitive Stimulation: A Reanalysis of the Minnesota Family Investment Program

Correlational research suggests that parents engage in more cognitive stimulation with their children when their income increases as reported by Votruba-Drzal (Journal of Marriage and Family 65:341-355, 2003). The present study uses data from an evaluation of the Minnesota Family Investment Program (MFIP), a welfare program that allows families to combine their work payments with their welfare benefits. We used the dataset in order to assess the causal impact of income on how often mothers engage their young children (N = 69) in cognitively stimulating activities. Results indicated that single mothers, who were long-term welfare recipients and received the financial benefits of the MFIP without employment training services, engaged in more cognitively stimulating activities with their children, relative to mothers who received traditional Aid to Families with Dependent Children. Contrary to expectations, an increase in income did not appear to cause the increase in cognitive stimulation. Rather, a reduction in work hours, without a drastic loss of income, appeared to cause the increase in cognitive stimulation. Implications for future work and policy are discussed.
Accreditation of Mammography Facilities by the American College of Radiology: Results of a National Survey

Mammographic screening for the early detection of breast cancer is rapidly becoming an increasingly common practice in the United States. With more than 20 million mammograms estimated to be performed annually by more than 11,000 units, ongoing quality assurance and evaluative programs have gained importance. Recent federal legislative and regulatory efforts augment a patchwork of state mandates establishing or encouraging specific quality control requirements for mammography facilities, personnel, equipment, and radiation exposure. Many of these requirements are based on the American College of Radiology’s (ACR) voluntary accreditation program that has been offering facility certification since 1987. The ACR collects and maintains detailed data on the characteristics of accredited facilities; however, little is known about facilities not participating in the ACR program. This article describes national results from the 1992 National Mammography Facilities Survey, a rep resentative sample of 1,057 mammography facilities. We found statistically significant (P
Rydberg Atoms and Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics

Rydberg atoms (highly excited atoms) provide a new experimental tool for studying quantum electrodynamic phenomena. Spontaneous and stimulated emission rates can be dramatically altered by a cavity, either enhanced or suppressed, compared to the free space values. Radiation by an ensemble of atoms is inherently cooperative. A number of these effects have already been observed using Rydberg atom methods. Experiments are in progress in which a single atom is observed as it interacts with an undamped cavity. Instead of exponential damping, the atom-cavity system is expected to exhibit reversible oscillatory behavior. Other types of novel behavior have also been predicted, including the possibility of “super-cooling” a radiation field so that it is in its ground state even though the walls of the cavity are at a relatively high temperature.
African American Counselors-in-Training, the Black Church, and Lesbian-, Gay-, and Bisexual-Affirmative Counseling: Considerations for Counselor Education Programs

This article examines the challenges that may be particular to African American counseling students who identify as Christian in learning to provide competent and affirming counseling to lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) clients. The role and importance of the Black Church, race survival consciousness, and cultural constructions of sexuality and mental health may present unique barriers for these students in affirming LGB clients. Recommendations for counselor education programs are discussed.
Validation of a vitamin D replacement strategy in vitamin D-insufficient patients with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Validation of a vitamin D replacement strategy in vitamin D-insufficient patients with lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Brain and Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Transgenic Tg2576 Mice Models of Alzheimer Disease Assessed Using 18F-FDG PET Imaging.

Objective:Imaging animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) is useful for the development of therapeutic drugs and understanding AD. Transgenic Swedish hAPPswe Tg2576 mice are a good model of β-amylo...
Formation of Charge Separated State on the Inactive Side of the R-26 Reaction Center Using High Intensity Excitation

One of the most striking features of the bacterial reaction center is its unidirectional electron transfer. Though three dimensional structures of purple bacterial reaction centers reveal a two-fold symmetric configuration of the proteins and cofactors [e.g. 1, 2], photon initiated electron transfer from the special pair P was found preferentially along only one of the two branches, denoted A. The cofactors involved in the electron transfer chain are BA, HA, and QA, and the first detectable charge separated state is P+HA-. The inactive side of the reaction center is referred to B branch. No detectable FB,- state has been observed spectroscopically so far from wild type reaction centers, except under photopumping conditions [for reviews, see: 3, 4].
Trans-generational but not early life exposure to stressors influences offspring morphology and survival.

Environmental changes, such as the introduction of non-native species, can impose novel selective pressures. This can result in changes in fitness-relevant traits within an individual’s lifetime or across multiple generations. We investigated the effects of early life versus trans-generational exposure to a predatory invasive insect stressor, the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta), on the morphology and survival of the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus). We captured gravid lizards from high-stress populations with long histories of invasion by fire ants and from uninvaded sites. Resulting hatchlings were exposed weekly to one of the three treatments until they reached maturity (42 weeks): (1) sub-lethal attack by fire ants; (2) topical application of the stress-relevant hormone, corticosterone (CORT), to mimic the stress of fire ant attack; or (3) control handling. Exposure to post-natal early life stress (fire ants or CORT) did not interact with a population’s evolutionary history of stress to affect morphology or survival and early life stress did not affect these fitness-relevant traits. However, morphology and survival were associated with the lizards’ evolutionary history of exposure to fire ants. Offspring of lizards from fire ant invaded sites had longer and faster growing hind-limbs, gained body length and lost condition more slowly in the first 16 weeks, and had lower in-lab survival to 42 weeks, compared to lizards from uninvaded sites. These results suggest that a population’s history of stress/invasion caused by fire ants during ca. 38 generations may be more important in driving survival-relevant traits than are the early life experiences of an organism.
Speed Culture: Fast Strategies in Televised Commercial Ads

While various theorists explain the postmodern moment or culture by pointing at an acceleration of transformations in macro-social institutions, such explanations remain often abstract and removed from everyday experience. Seeking to concretize how speed is articulated in popular texts, I analyze here the various strategies TV commercial ads deploy to inscribe speed as a normal and desirable quality of everyday life, objects, and self. Focusing on both pictorial and textual dimensions, I call the reader's attention to these strategies, and discuss the possible social and psychological consequences of the ideological orientations they articulate.
Transmission potential of Mayaro virus in Florida Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes

Mayaro virus (MAYV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus present in Central and South America that causes arthralgia and febrile illness. Domestic mosquitoes Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) and Aedes albopictus are potential vectors of MAYV that may allow for transmission to humans in urban settings. The present paper assesses susceptibility to infection, disseminated infection and transmission potential in Florida Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for MAYV. Oral infection was significantly higher in Ae. albopictus (85-100%) than in Ae. aegypti (67-82%). Viral dissemination to the haemocoel in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes was rapid and co-occurred with infection of the salivary glands. Rates of disseminated infection were generally higher in Ae. aegypti (45-85%) than in Ae. albopictus (38-76%), although the difference was significant only at 9 days after feeding on MAYV-infected blood. Both mosquito species exhibited low rates of MAYV infection in saliva expectorates. Viral titres in the bodies of mosquitoes increased in line with the number of days post-blood feeding and were higher in Ae. aegypti than in Ae. albopictus. Although Florida mosquito vectors have the potential to transmit MAYV and thus to initiate an urban cycle after having fed on higher titres of MAYV-infected blood, lower viraemia in infected humans is likely to limit transmission potential.
Haversian remodeling corresponds to load frequency but not strain magnitude in the macaque (Macaca fascicularis) skeleton.

Abstract One way bone adapts to its mechanical environment is by Haversian remodeling, a repair process in which existing bone is resorbed and replaced by new bone. Haversian remodeling forms interconnected, cylindrical structures called secondary osteons. The amount of remodeling that occurs is related to the nature of mechanical loading and accrual of microdamage, but it is uncertain whether habitual loads of high magnitude versus high frequency result in more remodeling. The answer to this question is important if remodeling is to be a tool for inferring loading environments, and thus behavior, in past populations. Here, secondary osteon population density (OPD), osteon cross-sectional area (On.Ar), and percent Haversian bone (%HAV) were compared among mid-diaphysis femora, tibia, fibulae, and mid-level ribs of five adult crab-eating macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Ribs experience relatively low strains but have a high daily loading frequency (~33 times per minute). Limb bones are loaded for fewer cycles per day, but the femur and tibia have high load magnitudes due to gravitational forces. Strain magnitudes in the fibula are a fraction of those in the femur and tibia. Analyses of variance demonstrated significant differences in OPD (P = 0.010) and On.Ar (P
Rates of Mental Health Symptoms and Associations With Self-Reported Sleep Quality and Sleep Hygiene in Adolescents Presenting for Insomnia Treatment.

Study Objectives:Despite high prevalence rates of both psychopathology and sleep problems during adolescence, as well as frequent co-occurrence, little is known about the mental health of adolescen...
Is there a role for image science in the brave new world of artificial intelligence

Knowledge of the principles of image science is essential to the successful application of artificial intelligence in medical imaging.
Do Carbon Reserves Increase Tree Survival during Stress and Following Disturbance

Carbon (C) storage provides trees with a pool of C that can be remobilized and used to sustain vital physiological processes when photosynthesis and/or C transport cannot meet a plant’s current demands. As such, it may be an important determinant of tree survival in many cases. However, we do not yet know how often tree mortality occurs as the result of carbon limitation, and therefore it remains unclear whether C storage is important for preventing tree death. The purpose of this review is therefore to summarize and assess recent research regarding the role of C storage in tree survival under different stressors and disturbances. Both recent and older work have identified many potential mechanisms by which C storage may influence tree survival, and there is evidence that higher tissue non-structural carbohydrate concentrations or total content can be associated with survival and recovery following defoliation and aboveground tissue destruction and under deep shade, drought, flooding, biotic attack, and freezing temperatures. However, in most cases, there is also evidence suggesting that C storage does not always or even often influence survival. Both drought and flooding may lead to inhibition of C transport, particularly to the roots, suggesting that increased root storage specifically might play a critical role in survival; however, this remains to be tested. In some cases, the ability to maintain C assimilation and transport might be more critical than increasing storage. Though C storage can affect survival, we are far from knowing how common or uncommon this pattern is. Future work exploring the relationship between survival and storage needs to focus on measuring C storage in all organs and tissues, considering the importance of total storage content, not just concentrations, identifying the relevant compounds in different species that constitute the actual storage pool, and carefully separating out the effects of storage from other factors that also tend to change when storage concentrations are altered.