cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data Anomalies within the Management Literature

Various sorts of bias exist within the published literature that use econometric techniques. Publication bias and file-drawer bias serve to shift the distribution of published results. However, another type of bias – that of data dredging – has gained less play. Researchers may be dredging through their data to push p-values below levels of significance deemed necessary to publish. We examine a random sample of papers from top management articles and compare their hypotheses and p-values to a simulated distribution of results that should occur if no data dredging bias exists. Our analysis reveals that data dredging may be occurring. The distribution of p-values shows suspicious and statistically significant upswellings preceding the common levels of significance of 0.05 and 0.1. Not a single paper found more than half of its hypothesized results to be nonsignificant, which is statistically infeasible. Furthermore, robustness tests invariably demonstrated results to be robust. Finally, even nonsignificant results demonstrate some level of data dredging, as an anomalous number of nonsignificant results nevertheless seem to exhibit a sign in the direction of the proposed hypothesis.
Challenges in nuclear molecular physics

Despite over thirty years of experimental and theoretical effort in the study of molecular resonance and cluster phenomena in nuclei, fundamental questions still remain to be answered. The most important of these relate precisely to those experimental quantities which would directly prove the underlying nature of the phenomenon — decay widths and transition strengths. The status of the understanding of these quantities is reviewed and new experiments suggested.
Ponseti Method Treating Congenital Clubfoot

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Ponseti method on infants with congenital clubfoot.MethodsForty congenital clubfoot(aged from 7 days to 6 months) were managed with Ponseti method from August 2006 to September 2008.ResultsAll infants were followed followed up for average 18 months,the longest time is two years.The deformities of foot were rectified in all patients,excellent and good rate was 100%.Conclusion Ponseti method has satisfactory therapeutic effect on congenital clubfoot.
The expression of sexual hormone receptor in different age patients with gastric carcinoma

Objective: To explore the difference expression state of sexual hormone receptor in different age patients with gastric carcinoma.Methods: Thirty middle-aged or older-aged men(the aged group,50 years old) and 30 young men(the young group,35 years old) with gastric carcinoma were selected into our study.The clinical feature of all patients with gastric carcinoma,such as course of disease,invasion position,pathotype and Brrmann category,were all investigated.The expression state of androgen receptor(AR) and estrogen receptor(ER) were detected too.Results: The pathotype and the Br-rmann category between the patients with gastric carcinoma in the aged group and the young group were different.The ex-pression rate of ER and AR in the young group patients were all higher than that in the aged group patients(P0.05).Conclusion: The incidence rate of hormone dependent in young patients with gastric carcinoma was higher than that in middle-aged or older-aged patients with gastric carcinoma.
Radioassay by gas-liquid chromatography of lipids labeled with carbon-14

A method for radioassay of carbon-I4 labeled substances analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography is described. The column effluent is automatically fractionated by condensing the vapor in a series of cartridges filled with anthracene crystals coated with silicone oil. The radioactivity in each cartridge is then assayed directly by scintillation counting. The considerations leading to the design and operation of an automatic fraction collector based on this principle are explored. Application of the method to several types of analyses demonstrates its high sensitivity and defines its limitations.
Continuous Distributions of Dislocations

As shown in Sect. 17, each single dislocation may be considered as a state of self-stress in the classical elasticity theory. Sometimes, however, we are more interested to know the mean values of the strains and stresses produced in a crystal by a large number of dislocations. It is then convenient to consider the limiting case of a continuous distribution of dislocations, for which the number of dislocations tends to infinity, while the Burgers vector of each tends to zero, in such a way that the product remains finite in any bounded region. In performing this limiting process it is natural to assume that the product of the number of dislocations and of their individual core volumes tends to zero.
Characterization of macroscopic outward currents of canine colonic myocytes

Outward currents of colonic smooth muscle cells were characterized by the whole cell voltage-clamp method. Four components of outward current were identified: a time-independent and three time-depe...
The Control of Schedule-Induced Polydipsia by Meal Size: Interaction with Prior Within-Session Eating and Drinking

An experiment was conducted that varied, within sessions, the number of pellets presented at each food delivery by two response-independent fixed-time (FT) schedules of reinforcement. Water intake was measured throughout. A reinforcer magnitude of either one or five pellets was delivered for each half of a session. The larger meal size generally produced more drinking, but only when this meal size was in effect for the first half of the session. Results are compared with equivocal findings of previous polydipsia studies that varied reinforcer magnitude. Results indicate that meal size is an important variable controlling polydipsia, but that its influence is mediated by other variables including prior within-session eating and drinking.
Tunneling Electron Induced Charging and Light Emission of Single Panhematin Molecules

The charging and tunneling electron induced light emission from single Panhematin (hemin) molecules were studied with the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Hemin molecules were dosed onto Al2O3 thin film grown on NiAl (110) surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) revealed LUMO state at 1.3 V, which formed the SOMO (−0.8 V) and SUMO (2.3 V) states when an electron was injected from the tip into the molecule. Vibronic states were resolved in the light emission spectrum for the charged hemin ion. Analysis of tunneling electron induced light emission spectrum suggests the possibility of hemin to form a doubly charged transient state that facilitates radiative decay into the substrate.
Vesicoureteral Reflux and Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction: Late Occurrence of Ureteropelvic Obstruction After Successful Ureteroneocystostomy

AbstractUreteropelvic junction obstruction occurred in 2 patients after successful correction of vesicoureteral reflux. The correction of vesicoureteral reflux does not always allow complete resolution of pelvioureteral tortuosity, kinking and periureteritis. In cases with a severe degree of these changes the possibility of ureteropelvic junction obstruction occurring either early or late after ureteroneocystostomy should be considered when unsatisfactory renal function is noted during followup.
Spectral Preprocessing and Calibration Techniques

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses image-preprocessing techniques. It presents the methods and materials, which can be used for hyperspectral image wavelength calibration. It discusses radiometric reflectance/transmittance calibration, including calibration to percentage reflectance, relative reflectance calibration, calibration of hyperspectral transmittance data, and spectral normalization. It focuses on noise reduction and removal. It reveals techniques such as dark current removal, spectral low pass filter, Savitzky–Golay filtering, noisy band removal, and minimum noise fraction transformation. The need for spectral preprocessing and calibration of image data is due to the fact that hyperspectral imaging systems are an integration of many different optical and electronic components. Such systems generally require correction of systematic defects or undesirable sensor characteristics before performing reliable data analysis. The main goals for calibration include wavelength alignment and assignment, converting from radiance values received at the sensor to reflectance values of the target surface, and removal and reduction of random sensor noise. The cost, time, and complexity associated with each preprocessing technique and calibration method vary significantly. It is the user's decision to choose the right spectral preprocessing method or a combination of methods to respond to the needs of each food safety and food security application.
Retail lighting and packaging influence consumer acceptance of fluid milk

Abstract Little is known about the effect of retail light-emitting diode (LED) exposure on consumer acceptance of milk. The study objective was to determine effects of fluorescent and LED lighting under retail storage conditions on consumer acceptance of milk. Consumer acceptance of milk stored under retail conditions was determined through sensory evaluation (2 studies; n=150+ each) and analytical measures (dissolved oxygen, secondary oxidation products, riboflavin retention). Study 1 evaluated milk stored in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) packages for 4h under LED light (960 lx). Commercially available HDPE package treatments included translucent HDPE (most commonly used), white HDPE [low concentration (1.3%) TiO 2 ], and yellow HDPE; in addition, HDPE with a higher TiO 2 concentration (high white; 4.9% TiO 2 ) and a foil-wrapped translucent HDPE (control) were tested. Translucent and control packages also were tested under fluorescent light. Study 2 evaluated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages for 4h under fluorescent and LED light (1,460 lx). The PET packaging included 2 treatments (medium, 4.0% TiO 2 ; high, 6.6% TiO 2 ) as well as translucent HDPE (exposed to fluorescent), clear PET (fluorescent and LED), and light-protected control. Overall mean acceptability of milk ranged from "like slightly" to "like moderately" with significantly lower acceptability for milk exposed to fluorescent light. Milk in HDPE and PET packages had comparable overall acceptability scores when exposed to LED light. Only the fluorescent light condition (both PET and HDPE) diminished overall acceptability. Fluorescent light exposure negatively influenced flavor with significant penalty (2.0–2.5 integers) to overall acceptability of milk in translucent HDPE and clear PET. The LED also diminished aftertaste of milk packaged in translucent HDPE. Changes in dissolved oxygen content, as an indication of oxidation, supported the observed differences in consumer acceptance of milk stored under fluorescent and LED light. Consumers like the flavor of fresh milk, which can be protected by selecting appropriate packaging that blocks detrimental light wavelengths.
Making the World Body Whole and Complete: Plato’s Timaeus, 32c5-33b1

Plato’s demiurge makes a series of questionable decisions in creating the world. Most notoriously, he endeavors to replicate, to the extent possible, some of the features that his model possesses just insofar as it is a Form. This has provoked the colorful complaint that the demiurge is as raving mad as a general contractor who constructs a house of vellum to better realize the architect’s vellum plans (Keyt 1971). The present paper considers the sanity of the demiurge’s reasoning in light of Timaeus 32c5-33b1, where he invokes considerations of wholeness, completeness, uniqueness, and eternality in deciding to build the body of the world from all of each of the simple bodies. Since the passage makes no appeal to the demiurge’s intelligible model, one can mine it for indications of the value that the demiurge takes those features to have independent of mimetic goals. I argue that, for Plato, those features are intrinsically good-making and, thus, that it is not only appropriate for them to characterize Forms qua Forms but also that it is appropriate for the demiurge to aim at replicating them, to the extent possible, in his creation. In particular, I argue that the demiurge’s success in instilling a circumscribed version of each feature in his creation helps to qualify it as a genuine being despite the fact that it comes to be .
Black and White Esophagus: Rare Presentations of Severe Esophageal Ischemia

Benign esophageal strictures are typically the result of long-standing gastroesophageal reflux, and are usually treated with serial dilations and acid-suppressive therapy. Other causes of benign esophageal strictures include external beam radiation, caustic ingestions, prior surgery, and external compression from mediastinal fibrosis. We report 2 rare causes of ischemic esophageal structuring occurring after operations unrelated to the esophagus. The first is a patient who developed esophageal injury following radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation. The direct thermal injury resulted in a "white esophagus" with a full-thickness, long-segmental stricture. The second patient presented with a "black esophagus" also known as acute necrotizing esophagitis. This occurred after an orthotopic liver transplant, which was complicated by multiple organ dysfunction secondary to hemorrhagic shock. In this report, we present 2 rare causes of esophageal stricturing that occurred after procedures not necessarily related to the esophagus itself. Early recognition and active management of these esophageal injuries may lead to better outcomes.
Ecofriendly Carbon Nanomaterials for Future Electronic Applications

Dr. Volker Strauss is currently a German Research Foundation (DFG)-funded postdoctoral researcher with Prof. Richard B. Kaner at the University of California, Los Angeles. His work is dedicated to the investigation of functional carbon-based materials in nanoelectronics. Volker received his PhD at the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg in Germany under the supervision of Prof. Dirk M. Guldi. His PhD thesis focused on photophysical investigations of charge-transfer events in supramolecular assemblies based on carbon nanostructures. Volker is also a member of Chem 's Next-Generation Advisory Board.
Happy parents in Latin America? Exploring the impact of gender, work-family satisfaction, and parenthood on general life happiness

This study explores the impact of gender, employment, parenthood, and work-family satisfaction on happiness in three Latin American countries using data from the 2002 International Social Survey. Results indicated the existence of significant differences in happiness, family life satisfaction, and division of household labour between Latin American men and women who report being married and working full-time. Overall, men were happier than women but women experienced higher levels of family life satisfaction. Results from a regression analysis indicate being male, having high levels of job and family satisfaction, and presence of children in the household are positive predictors of happiness. However, being female and experiencing time binds have a negative impact on general life happiness. Contrary to research in Western countries, children were found to be a source of increased happiness for employed and married Latin American men and women. Results are discussed in the context of cultural differences in gender and marriage values.
Q Value of In 115 → Sn 115 ( 3 / 2 + ) : The Lowest Known Energy β Decay

Using precision, cryogenic, Penning-trap mass spectrometry we have measured the atomic mass difference $M[^{115}\mathrm{In}]--M[^{115}\mathrm{Sn}]$ to be $497.489(10)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{keV}/{c}^{2}$. Combined with the energy of the $3/{2}^{+}$ first excited state of $^{115}\mathrm{Sn}$ [J. Blachot, Nuclear Data Sheets 104, 967 (2005)], the $Q$ value of the $^{115}\mathrm{In}(9/{2}^{+})\ensuremath{\rightarrow}^{115}\mathrm{Sn}(3/{2}^{+})$ beta decay is determined to be 155(24) eV. This confirms the inference of Cattadori et al. [Nucl. Phys. A 748, 333 (2005)] that this small branching-ratio beta decay has the lowest-known $Q$ value. We also report improved values of the individual atomic masses: $M[^{115}\mathrm{In}]=114.903\text{ }878\text{ }774(16)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{u}$ and $M[^{115}\mathrm{Sn}]=114.903\text{ }344\text{ }697(17)\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{u}$.
The Date of the Council of Serdica: A Reassessment of the Case for 343

The precise date of the Council of Serdica is so important because it is essential for establishing the chronology of numerous events in fourth-century Christianity, and thus for reconstructing its overall history and developments. Unfortunately, this date has been under debate for nearly two centuries. Traditionally, the council was dated to 347 C.E., but discoveries in the 18 th and 19 th centuries led scholars to favor first 344 and then 343. In the early 20 th century, Eduard Schwartz inaugurated a new stage in the debate when he argued for 342. In his wake, most French, Italian, and English-speaking scholars argued for 343, whereas most German-speaking scholars followed Schwartz9s authority and endorsed 342. In 1974, Marcel Richard advanced a novel argument in favor in 342 that appeared to cement this date for its advocates. Recently, however, 343 appears to be the preferred date even in German scholarship. After more than a century of debate, it seems, a consensus has been reached. This essay offers the most comprehensive reassessment of this debate to date to see if it really should be considered concluded. It re-examines all the evidence and all the arguments made in support of one date or another, in particular those of Schwartz and Richard, and argues that the case for the Council of Serdica9s having been held in the autumn of 343 should be considered conclusive; thus, the lengthy debate can rightly be closed.
Less than two versus greater than two hour invasive strategy in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Background: Optimal timing for an invasive strategy in non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) is unclear. Whether clinical outcomes are improved with a less than two (LT2) compared with greater than two hour (GT2) invasive strategy remains to be determined. We performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LT2 vs GT2 for NSTEMI.Methods: A comprehensive literature search for RCTs comparing LT2 vs. GT2 in NSTEMI patients was performed. Three eligible studies consisting of 1,075 patients (LT2: 537, GT2: 538) with NSTEMI were identified. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 12 months.Results: Time from randomization to sheath insertion ranged from 0.5–2.2 and 14.0–85.0 hours in the LT2 and GT2 groups. More percutaneous coronary interventions and fewer coronary artery bypass grafting were performed in the LT2 vs. GT2 group. There was no significant difference in all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), and major bleeding between the two groups. LT2 was numerically, bu...
Deadly Clerics: Blocked Ambition and the Paths to Jihad

Deadly Clerics explains why some Muslim clerics adopt the ideology of militant jihadism while most do not. The book explores multiple pathways of cleric radicalization and shows that the interplay of academic, religious, and political institutions has influenced the rise of modern jihadism through a mechanism of blocked ambition. As long as clerics' academic ambitions remain attainable, they are unlikely to espouse violent jihad. Clerics who are forced out of academia are more likely to turn to jihad for two reasons: jihadist ideas are attractive to those who see the system as turning against them, and preaching a jihad ideology can help these outsider clerics attract supporters and funds. The book draws on evidence from various sources, including large-scale statistical analysis of texts and network data obtained from the Internet, case studies of clerics' lives, and ethnographic participant observations at sites in Cairo, Egypt.
An argument for formative assessment with science learning progressions

Learning progressions—particularly as defined and operationalized in science education—have significant potential to inform teachers’ formative assessment practices. In this overview article, I lay...
Streptococcus endopeptidases promote HPV infection in vitro.

Both cervical and throat cancers are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection requires cleavage of the minor capsid protein L2 by furin. While furin is present in the vaginal epithelium, it is absent in oral epithelial basal cells where HPV infection occurs. The objective of this study was to investigate whether common oral bacteria express furin-like peptidases. By screening strains representing 12 oral Streptococcus and Enterococcus species, we identified that eight Streptococcus strains displayed high levels of furin-like peptidase activity, with S. gordonii V2016 the highest. We constructed null mutations for 14 genes encoding putative endopeptidases in S. gordonii V2016. Results showed that three endopeptidases, PepO, PulO, and SepM, had furin-like activities. All three mutants showed decreased natural transformation by chromosomal DNA, while the pepO mutant also showed reduced transformation by plasmid DNA, indicating involvement of these endopeptidases in competence development. The purified S. gordonii PepO protein promoted infection of epithelial 293TT cells in vitro by HPV16 pseudovirus. In conclusion, oral bacteria might promote HPV infection and contribute to HPV tissue tropism and subsequent carcinogenesis in the oral cavity and throat by providing furin-like endopeptidases.
Modification of dopamine receptor-mediated processes after chronic ethanol intoxication: a possible mechanism.

Animals undergoing withdrawal from chronic ethanol treatment displayed significantly impaired function of dopaminergic systems in the CNS. Autonomic and behavioral response to dopaminergic agonists were reduced, as was the stimulation by dopamine of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase from the striatal region of brain. In addition, the ability of neuroleptics to stimulate tyrosine hydroxylase activity in the subcortex was diminished. These findings suggested a decreased sensitivity of dopaminergic receptors during ethanol withdrawal, and in time course of appearance and disappearance, the decreased sensitivity appeared to parallel ethanol withdrawal hyper- excitability. Moreover, the responsiveness of dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase could be restored by in vitro exposure to physiologically attainable concentrations of ethanol, suggesting that this system had become dependent on the presence of ethanol for normal function. The mechanism of the decreased sensitivity, in particular for the adenylate cyclase, but perhaps also for other dopamine receptor-mediated processes, may be inefficient coupling between receptor and enzyme, as a result of changes in neuronal membrane structure produced by chronic exposure to ethanol and withdrawal.
Ethics in e-Business: Emerging Issues and Enduring Themes

e-business is a central element of the contemporary marketplace and models of e-business continue to evolve. While various forms of e-business offer unique opportunities for businesses to reach consumers, such practices can also raise issues of an ethical nature. In this chapter we examine and illustrate some of the ethical implications of the transformative nature of e-business. By framing these issues within the context of a general account of business ethics we show how the ethical issues involved in e-business are both related to traditional issues in business ethics and unique in their own right. In doing so, we examine several ways in which the technologies involved in e-business have intensified ethical concerns about privacy, security, and other social norms in business. A number of examples and cases are used to illustrate these ethical concerns as well. In addition to providing a theoretical framework to approach these ethical issues, we also offer some practical guidance as to how businesses can implement and maintain appropriate ethical standards to govern their e-business activities.
Internal Waves, Group Velocity and Reflection

The rather unusual dispersion relation and the nonintuitive relation between group velocity and the wave vector lead to some very unusual physical consequences.
Tail-Assisted Hind Limb Suspension as a Transitional Behavior in the Evolution of the Platyrrhine Prehensile Tail

The atelines (Ateles, Lagothrix, Brachyteles, and Alouatta) are distinguished among the New World primates by the presence of a prehensile tail, equipped with a naked volar pad covered with dermatoglyphic friction skin (Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1829). This adaptation plays a significant role in the definition of the feeding and locomotor niche of the atelines (Rosenberger and Strier, 1989). Atelines exhibit modifications of the sacral and caudal vertebrae (Ankel, 1972; German, 1982), caudal musculature (Lemelin, 1995) and cerebral cortical representation of the tail (Falk, 1980). The capuchin monkey (Cebus) also displays prehensile abilities in its relatively shorter tail, but lacks the volar pad and other distinctive caudal morphologies present in the atelines, suggesting prehensile tails evolved in parallel in Cebus and the atelines (Rosenberger, 1983; Lemelin, 1995).
Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 2 maintains neuronal structural integrity through the maintenance of golgi structure.

Abstract Golgi fragmentation and loss of Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Adenylyltransferase 2 (NMNAT2) are the early key features of many neurodegenerative disorders. We investigated the link between NMNAT2 loss, Golgi fragmentation and axon degeneration. Golgi fragmentation in the cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons resulted in caspase dependent axon degeneration and neuronal cell death. NMNAT2 depletion in the DRG neurons caused Golgi fragmentation and caspase dependent axon degeneration. NMNAT2 depletion did not cause ATP loss in the axons. These results indicate that NMNAT2 is required for maintenance of Golgi structure. Loss of Golgi structure or Nmnat2 depletion causes caspase dependent neurodegeneration. cytNmnat1 overexpression inhibited the axon degeneration induced by Golgi fragmentation or NMNAT2 depletion. These results also suggest that these degeneration signals converge on a common cytNmnat1 mediated axon protective program and are distinct from the SARM1 mediated caspase independent axon degeneration.
That silent alliance: HIV and smoke promote lung diseases

Smoking and HIV independently and synergistically promote pathophysiological changes consistent with chronic lung disease in macaques.
Intrathecal Pump Implantation Technique

Intrathecal therapy is an important technique in the management of cancer pain. Appropriate patient selection and meticulous implantation technique are essential in optimizing outcomes and reducing infective and other risks. The following chapter discusses preoperative considerations, procedural technique, and postoperative care. Text and photographic illustrations will describe intrathecal catheter and pump implantation techniques in detail. The material below is intended as a guide for practicing physicians and trainees undergoing practical training in interventional pain management.
Investigation of Neutron Cross Section for Iron in the ENDF Library with Pulsed Sphere Measurements

AbstractThis work investigates the quality of the ENDF 56Fe cross-section libraries for describing the transport of fast neutrons in iron. We have used the D(d,n)3He reaction with a pulsed 7-MeV deuteron beam energy as a neutron source and analyzed the neutrons transmitted through two natural iron spheres of thicknesses 3 and 8 cm. The experimental neutron time-of-flight transmitted spectra for various angles are compared with MCNP simulations. Our result indicates the possibility of an underestimation of the nonelastic cross section and an overestimation of the elastic cross section for 56Fe in the ENDF/B-VII.1 library for the neutron energy range of 7.2 to 10.2 MeV. Our result agrees qualitatively with the Ramsauer model and optical model calculations. This discrepancy in the library cross section might lead to an underestimation/overestimation of material damage in nuclear reactor calculations. A newer evaluation, ENDF/B-VIII.0, was released subsequent to the completion of the majority of this project....
Refined asymptotic Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests for the case of finite support

We derive asymptotic critical values for the one-sample and two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests in the case where the distribution or distributions have finite support of known size. When the numbe...
Flame Spread Over Ultra-thin Solids: Effect of Area Density and Concurrent-Opposed Spread Reversal Phenomenon

There are no existing experimental studies of flame spread rate trends for ultra-thin solid samples. Previous theory has predicted that for concurrent flame in kinetic regime, the flame spread rate decreases as the sample thickness decreases and there is a critical thickness below which burning is not possible. To test this hypothesis, a series of microgravity experiments of concurrent-flow flame spread over samples of ultra-low area densities are conducted using NASA Glenn Research Center’s Zero Gravity Research Facility (the 5.18 s drop tower). The tested samples are cellulose-based materials of various area densities, ranging from 0.2 mg/cm2 to 13 mg/cm2, as low as one order of magnitude less than those ever tested before. Each sample is 30 cm long by 5 cm wide and is burned in a low-speed concurrent air flow (5 to 30 cm/s). The results show that the concurrent flame spread rate is proportional to the flow velocity relative to the flame and is inversely proportional to the sample area density. A theoretical formulation, provided in this work, suggests that the flame length has a linear relationship with the relative flow speed and has no direct dependency on the sample area density. The experimental data supports this conclusion. From the images recorded in the experiments, a unique flame base tubular structure directed upstream away from the burnout zone is observed for thin samples. This structure is suspected to be due to flame stretching and localized blowoff caused by the oxidative pyrolysis Stefan flows at the sample burnout. This can be an indication that the chemical time becomes comparable to the flow time of the Stefan flow and the tested samples are approaching the kinetically-limited thickness. For the thinnest tested sample (0.2 mg/cm2), flames with concurrent and opposed dual natures are observed when the air flow rate is low (< 20 cm/s). At the lowest tested flow rate (5 cm/s), the flame spread rate exceeds the air flow rate and the flame transits to an opposed flame in the concurrent flow. The dual nature and flame transition are presented and discussed. This study provides detailed examination through high-resolution images of the transition between the concurrent to opposed flame spread modes.
Global analysis of polysome-associated mRNA in vesicular stomatitis virus infected cells.

Infection of mammalian cells with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) results in the inhibition of cellular translation while viral translation proceeds efficiently. VSV RNA synthesis occurs entirely within the cytoplasm, where during transcription the viral polymerase produces 5 mRNAs that are structurally indistinct to cellular mRNAs with respect to their 5′ cap-structure and 3′-polyadenylate tail. Using the global approach of massively parallel sequencing of total cytoplasmic, monosome- and polysome-associated mRNA, we interrogate the impact of VSV infection of HeLa cells on translation. Analysis of sequence reads in the different fractions shows >60% of total cytoplasmic and polysome-associated reads map to the 5 viral genes by 6 hours post-infection, a time point at which robust host cell translational shut-off is observed. Consistent with an overwhelming abundance of viral mRNA in the polysome fraction, the reads mapping to cellular genes were reduced. The cellular mRNAs that remain most polysome-associated following infection had longer half-lives, were typically larger, and were more AU rich, features that are shared with the viral mRNAs. Several of those mRNAs encode proteins known to positively affect viral replication, and using chemical inhibition and siRNA depletion we confirm that the host chaperone heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3A (eIF3A)—encoded by 2 such mRNAs—support viral replication. Correspondingly, regulated in development and DNA damage 1 (Redd1) encoded by a host mRNA with reduced polysome association inhibits viral infection. These data underscore the importance of viral mRNA abundance in the shut-off of host translation in VSV infected cells and link the differential translatability of some cellular mRNAs with pro- or antiviral function.
John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891): His Life and Malacological Contributions

This paper provides a biography, bibliography and taxonomic catalog for John Clarkson Jay (1808–1891), emphasizing his malacological research based upon his sizable collection and his contributions to the growth and expansion of the New York Lyceum of Natural History, the predecessor to the American Museum of Natural History. Jay described one new genus and 49 new species of molluscs; type specimens are known for 34 of them. He also published but did not describe 76 manuscript names mostly from material collected by Nuttall, of which 28 were made available by later authors (mostly by either Reeve or Carpenter). His collection and sizable library of rare books formed the nucleus of the malacological collection and the rare book library of the American Museum of Natural History. This paper summarizes his life, the growth of his collection, his publications, his new taxa, and his broader role in 19th-century New York professional life.
Outcomes of tbo-filgrastim, filgrastim-sndz or filgrastim for mobilization in patients undergoing an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant: A single center experience

e19000Background: Studies have reported that use of filgrastim (G) or any biosimilar result in similar stem cell yield during hematopoietic stem cell mobilization, but little is known on the effect...
The State from Below: Distorted Responsiveness in Policed Communities:

This article uses a new technology, “Portals,” to initiate conversations about policing between individuals in communities where this form of state action is concentrated. Based on more than 800 re...
Preservice and Inservice Teachers’ Perceptions of Pacing:

The purpose of this study was to examine preservice and inservice teachers’ perceptions of pacing in ensemble rehearsal settings. We used Silveira’s definition of pacing as our conceptual framework...
Atmospheric Dynamics in High Obliquity Planets

Abstract Ongoing discoveries of terrestrial exoplanets and the desire to determine their habitability have created an increasing demand for studies of a wide range of climatic regimes and atmospheric circulations. These studies have, in turn, challenged our understanding of our own planet’s atmospheric dynamics and provided new frameworks with which we can further our understanding of planetary atmospheres. In this work, we use an idealized moist general circulation model in aquaplanet configuration to study the atmospheric circulation of terrestrial planets with high obliquities. With seasonally varying insolation forcing and a shallow slab ocean as a lower boundary, we emphasize seasonal phenomena that might not be captured in simulations with annual-mean forcing and that might involve nonlinear behaviors. By progressively increasing obliquity, we explore the response of the large-scale atmospheric circulation to more extreme seasonal cycles and a reversed annual-mean equator-to-pole insolation distribution, and its impact on the energy and water cycles. We show that for high obliquities, the large-scale atmospheric circulation and the meridional energy transport are dominated by seasonally reversing broad cross-equatorial Hadley cells that transport energy from the summer to the winter hemisphere and significantly mitigate temperature extremes. These overturning cells also play a major role in shaping the planet’s hydrological cycle, with the associated ascending branches and precipitation convergence zones becoming progressively broader and more poleward shifted into the summer hemisphere with higher obliquities. While not embedded within the Hadley cell ascending branches, the hot summer poles of high obliquity planets experience nonnegligible precipitation during and at the end of the warm season: during the summer, lower-level moist static energy maxima at the summer poles force locally enhanced convective activity. As temperatures rapidly drop at the end of the summer and convective activity decreases, the water-holding capacity of the atmosphere decreases and water vapor stored in the atmospheric column rapidly condenses out, extending the duration of the summer pole rainy season into the corresponding autumn. Our study reveals novel understanding of how atmospheric dynamics might influence a planet’s overall climate and its variability.
A Study of Criminal History among Young Adults with Co-occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders in Psychiatry Outpatient

The goal of this study was to examine risk/protective factors to criminality in an adolescent population. Retrospective chart review was utilized to gather data on psychiatric history, substance us...
Literature: Mathematics:: Tenor: Vehicle

The three books reviewed here engage with science or mathematics in literary studies. Neither term on its own exactly encompasses the range of Angus Fletcher’s topological analysis as well as Matth...
Optimal timing of a hip fracture operation

There is an ongoing discussion about optimal timing of hip fracture surgery and much has been published about this subject. There is no literature-based consensus regarding the timeframe in which a hip fracture patient should be operated on; nonetheless, the National Health Care Institute in the Netherlands has been using 'time to operation' as a quality indicator since 2017. Analysis of the data from the Health and Youth Care Inspectorate on the quality indicator 'Percentage of patients operated on within one calendar day' showed that in Dutch hospitals 93% of the ASA grade 1-2 patients and 86% of the ASA grade > 2 patients were operated on within one calendar day. Delay of surgery due to preoperative optimisation of the patient is not associated with an increased mortality. The chance of complications, such as pneumonia or pressure sores, does increase with delay.
Postnatal prognosis prediction tools for infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Symptoms and prognosis of infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are various, as all mild cases might survive while those severe ones have higher mortality. Therefore, an applicable tool that can screen out high-risk CDH children may help clinicians develop an individualized treatment plan and increase the survival rate. A growing number of international studies for CDH postnatal prediction tools, including single factor index and five score models, have been conducted in recent years, whereas few in China. We hereby summarized the advances in postnatal evaluation tools to predict the outcomes of CDH. Key words: Hernias, diaphragmatic, congenital; Postpartum period; Severity of illness index; Prognosis
The influence of a statewide "Stay-at-Home" order on trauma volume and patterns at a level 1 trauma center in the united states.

The COVID pandemic of 2020 resulted in unprecedented restrictions of public life in most countries around the world, and many hospital systems experienced dramatic decreases in non-COVID related patient admissions. We aimed to compare trauma volumes, patient characteristics, and trauma mechanisms at a large, urban Level 1 trauma center in the United States during a state-wide "State of Emergency" and "stay-at-home" order to corresponding historic dates. All adult trauma activations from March 1 through April 30, 2020 and a historic control from March 1 through April 30, 2018 and 2019 were reviewed in the institution's trauma registry. Trauma volumes, patient characteristics, and trauma mechanisms were compared over time as increasingly stricter COVID-related restrictions were enacted in the Commonwealth of Virginia. After declaration of a state-wide "Public Health Emergency" on March 17, 2020, the daily number of trauma activations significantly declined to a mean of 4.7 (standard deviation, SD = 2.6), a decrease by 43% from a mean of 8.2 (SD = 0.3) for the same dates in 2018 and 2019. Trauma activations during COVID restrictions vs. historic control were characterized by significantly higher prevalence of chronic alcohol use (15.5% vs. 6.8%, p < 0.01), higher median (25th - 75th percentile) Injury Severity Score of 9 (5 - 16) vs. 6 (4 - 14), p = 0.01, and shorter median (25th - 75th percentile) length of hospital stay of 2 (1 - 6) days vs. 3 (1 - 7) days, p = 0.03. The COVID-related Public Health Emergency and "stay-at-home" order in the Commonwealth of Virginia dramatically reduced overall trauma volumes with minor but interesting changes in trauma patterns.
Abstract P053: Enhanced Exercise Capacity By Muscadine Grape Extract Treatment Is Only Evident In Older Hypertensive Female Rats And Is Independent Of Blood Pressure

Physical performance and systolic blood pressure (SBP) during aging in normotensive female Sprague-Dawley (SD) and hypertensive (mRen2)27 transgenic rats were assessed following long-term treatment...
Bimodal function of chromatin remodeler Hmga1 in neural crest induction and Wnt-dependent emigration.

During gastrulation, neural crest cells are specified at the neural plate border, as characterized by Pax7 expression. Using single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with high resolution in situ hybridization to identify novel transcriptional regulators, we show that chromatin remodeler Hmga1 is highly expressed prior to specification and maintained in migrating chick neural crest cells. Temporally-controlled CRISPR-Cas9-mediated knockouts uncovered two distinct functions of Hmga1 in neural crest development. At the neural plate border, Hmga1 regulates Pax7-dependent neural crest lineage specification. At premigratory stages, a second role manifests where Hmga1 loss reduces cranial crest emigration from the dorsal neural tube independent of Pax7. Interestingly, this is rescued by stabilized s-catenin, thus implicating Hmga1 as a canonical Wnt activator. Together, our results show that Hmga1 functions in a bimodal manner during neural crest development to regulate specification at the neural plate border, and subsequent emigration from the neural tube via canonical Wnt signaling.
Higher Order Aberrations: Differences Among Populations from Various Demographics

The understanding of the role of higher order aberrations of the visual system has explained multiple optical phenomena to the researchers and clinicians alike. Many disorders are better understood now due to application of wavefront optics in ophthalmology. In this chapter, we first summarize the current basic understanding of higher order aberrations and then review the literature on the differences in the normative data from various demographic populations in the higher order aberrations noted. A pooled analysis of the data suggested that in most of the demographic databases, at a 6-mm wavefront diameter, the adult human eye tends to have anywhere between 0.3 and 0.4 μm of higher order aberrations root mean square (HOARMS). However, there were variations noted in sub-analysis of the Zernike modes between different populations. The role of normative data for a given population is that of a guideline. It gives base information on which individual wavefront profile of an eye can be evaluated for the differences between normal and abnormal.
Confucianism and Democratization in East Asia

For decades, scholars and politicians have vigorously debated whether Confucianism is compatible with democracy, yet little is known about how it affects the process of democratization in East Asia. In this book, Doh Chull Shin examines the prevalence of core Confucian legacies and their impacts on civic and political orientations in six Confucian countries: China, Japan, South Korea, Singapore, Taiwan, and Vietnam. Analyses of the Asian Barometer and World Values surveys reveal that popular attachment to Confucian legacies has mixed results on democratic demand. While Confucian political legacies encourage demand for a non-liberal democratic government that prioritizes the economic welfare of the community over the freedom of individual citizens, its social legacies promote interpersonal trust and tolerance, which are critical components of democratic civic life. Thus, the author argues that citizens of historically Confucian Asia have an opportunity to combine the best of Confucian ideals and democratic principles in a novel, particularly East Asian brand of democracy.
KAT4IA: K-Means Assisted Training for Image Analysis of Field-Grown Plant Phenotypes.

High-throughput phenotyping enables the efficient collection of plant trait data at scale. One example involves using imaging systems over key phases of a crop growing season. Although the resulting images provide rich data for statistical analyses of plant phenotypes, image processing for trait extraction is required as a prerequisite. Current methods for trait extraction are mainly based on supervised learning with human labeled data or semisupervised learning with a mixture of human labeled data and unsupervised data. Unfortunately, preparing a sufficiently large training data is both time and labor-intensive. We describe a self-supervised pipeline (KAT4IA) that uses -means clustering on greenhouse images to construct training data for extracting and analyzing plant traits from an image-based field phenotyping system. The KAT4IA pipeline includes these main steps: self-supervised training set construction, plant segmentation from images of field-grown plants, automatic separation of target plants, calculation of plant traits, and functional curve fitting of the extracted traits. To deal with the challenge of separating target plants from noisy backgrounds in field images, we describe a novel approach using row-cuts and column-cuts on images segmented by transform domain neural network learning, which utilizes plant pixels identified from greenhouse images to train a segmentation model for field images. This approach is efficient and does not require human intervention. Our results show that KAT4IA is able to accurately extract plant pixels and estimate plant heights.