cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Conflicts Over the Utilities of Teaching Using Educational Technologies: An Interpretive Critical Inquiry

Public research universities are experiencing a major transformation today as they become more entrepreneurial and engage in academic capitalism (Bok, 2003; Slaughter & Rhoades, 2004). At the same time, faculty members in higher educational institutions are pushed to integrate educational technology into their teaching (Bennett & Bennett, 2003). These two requirements appear to be conflicting demands and affect, among others, faculty performance and job motivation. An interpretive critical inquiry was conducted to understand the faculty experience of attending to the two apparently conflicting demands. Based on the findings, offered are suggestions and recommendations for organizational change that will serve to alleviate the conflicts faculty may experience as well as implications for HRD in public research universities in terms of addressing academic capitalism and teaching using educational technology. The stakeholders at whom this inquiry is aimed include faculty, administrators, students, HRD scholar...
Instability analysis of space trusses

Abstract Reduction methods and computational procedures are presented for the instability analysis of space trusses with both geometric and material nonlinearities subjected to combined loads. A mixed formulation is used with the fundamental unknowns consisting of both the member forces and the joint displacements. The governing equations of the truss consist of the two sets of member constitutive relations and joint equilibrium equations. The vector of fundamental unknowns is expressed as a linear combination of a small number of path derivatives (derivatives of nodal displacements and member forces with respect to path parameters), and a Bubnov-Galerkin technique is used to approximate the governing equations by a small system of algebraic equations. The reduced equations are then used to determine the stability boundary and trace the nonlinear equilibrium paths. The potential of the proposed approach is discussed and its effectiveness is demonstrated by means of numerical examples of space trusses with combined geometric and material nonlinearities. The constitutive relations in these examples are assumed, for convenience, to be represented by Rambergsgood polynomials.
High temperature helium-cooled fast reactor (HTHFR)

Abstract Scoping calculations have been performed for a very high temperature (1000 °C) helium-cooled fast reactor involving two distinct options: (1) using graphite foam into which UC (12% enrichment) is embedded into a matrix comprising UC and graphite foam molded into hexagonal building blocks, shown in Fig. 1, and encapsulated with a SiC shell covering all surfaces, and (2) using UC only (also 12% enrichment) molded into the same shape and size as the foam–UC matrix in option 1. Both options use the same basic hexagonal fuel matrix blocks to form the core and reflector. The reflector contains natural uranium only. Both options use 50 μm SiC as a containment shell for fission product retention within each hexagonal block. The calculations show that the option using foam (option 1) would produce a reactor that can operate continuously for at least 25 years without ever adding or removing any fuel from the reactor. The calculations show further that the UC only option (option 2) can operate continually for 50 years without ever adding or removing fuel from the reactor. Doppler and loss of coolant reactivity coefficients were calculated. The Doppler coefficient is negative and much larger than the loss of coolant coefficient, which was very small and positive. Additional progress on and development of the two concepts are continuing.
Viadent®, Ethanol, and pH Effects upon Gingival Epithelial-like Cells, in Vitro

Interest has recently been directed towards the use of antiplaque mouthrinses. Most published material concerns the antimicrobial effects of these agents rather than their effects upon oral tissue. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of a sanguinarine-containing mouthrinse called Viadent® upon epithelial-like gingival cells. The cells were grown for 24 hours in supplemented Earle's medium, with and without different Viadent® dilutions. Cell counts were made with a hematocytometer. It was found that 50% of the cells were inhibited at 1.2% Viadent®. In similar studies, it was found that 70% ethanol and two pH buffers were less toxic than Viadent®. Exposure of preformed cell monolayers to Viadent® also showed significant inhibition. The relative toxicity of different antiplaque agents may be compared using such cells as a model system. In conclusion, it was observed that Viadent® significantly affected gingival cell growth in vitro, that viable cell numbers were greatly reduced by short time expo...
Corrections to "On the design of coupling networks for coupled oscillator arrays" [Apr 03 794-801]

In the above-named article [ibid., vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 794-801, Apr. 2003], the line below (8), Y should be Y0. Also, (18) is incorrect. The correct equation is provided. These changes decrease the computed numerical values of for Qnet the presented examples thus supporting the conclusion that is small even more strongly than the values in the original article.
Managing business health in the presence of malicious attacks

Business metrics play a critical role in determining the best system-level configuration to achieve an organizational business-level goal. We present a framework for reasoning about business-level implications of malicious attacks affecting information technology (IT) systems that underlie various business processes. Through an exemplar web-based retail company scenario, we demonstrate how to quantify both the relative value of the individual business processes, and the relative cost to the business caused by breach of key security properties. The framework allows for mapping business-level metrics to IT system-level metrics, and uses a combination of those metrics to recommend optimal response actions and to guide recovery from security attacks. We validate the framework against three high-impact attack classes common in such web-based retail company situations.
Challenges and Opportunities Revealed by the Impact of No Child Left Behind on Evaluation as a Discipline.

The field of evaluation faces a number of serious challenges in light of No Child Left Behind legislation, among them feasibility, resources, and blurring lines among research, evaluation, and assessment. At the same time, these challenges open the door for opportunities in evaluation. Now more than ever, the expertise of evaluators is needed and the demand for well-prepared evaluators has increased. The external demands of this legislation on evaluation practice suggest multiple opportunities for research on evaluation that will extend knowledge within the discipline of evaluation. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Derrida, Heidegger, and Van Gogh's ‘old shoes‘

(1992). Derrida, Heidegger, and Van Gogh's ‘old shoes‘. Textual Practice: Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 87-100.
Rapid and Persistent Sensitization to the Reinforcing Effects of Cocaine

The development of drug addiction involves a transition from recreational use to compulsive drug seeking and taking, and this progression can occur rapidly with cocaine use. These data highlight the importance of early drug exposure and the development of drug dependence; however, little experimental attention has been paid to this phenomenon in animal models of drug abuse. The present experiments demonstrate a progressive and rapid sensitization to the reinforcing strength of cocaine assessed using a progressive ratio (PR) schedule in rats. The first experiment found that rats show increased breakpoints over a 2-week period following acquisition. Subsequent experiments examined the role of total cocaine intake during the initial exposure period and found that low intakes (20 mg/kg/day x 5 days) resulted in sensitization, whereas relatively higher intake (60 or 100 mg/kg/day x 5 days) suppressed the development of sensitization. In contrast, this higher level of intake (60 mg/kg/day x 5 days) only transiently suppressed the expression of sensitization. Examination of breakpoints maintained by various doses of cocaine revealed an upward and leftward displacement of the cocaine dose-effect curve, relative to nonsensitized animals. These studies describe a form of sensitization that occurs rapidly to the reinforcing effects of cocaine, and provide a model to study the potential impact of initial experience on the development of drug dependence.
Does the language in which aversive stimuli are presented affect their processing

A popular theme in the literature on bilingualism is that emotions are stronger if experienced in the dominant language. Substantiation of this phenomenon, however, mostly relies on anecdotes and subjective ratings. This study aimed to determine whether evidence of the phenomenon could be provided by measures of processing efficiency and arousal during online language processing. Students for whom English and Spanish coexist, albeit English is dominant in their academic and occupational lives, read aloud taboo and neutral words in either language while skin conductance measurement appraised arousal. Overall, Spanish was processed less efficiently and yielded greater arousal than English, suggesting a more effortful analysis of Spanish. Processing efficiency and arousal were greater for taboo than neutral words presented in English but not Spanish. Frequent use of a language can make processing not only less effortful but also likely to reflect emotional responses to aversive/threatening stimuli.
Randomized Pilot Trial of Gene Expression Profiling Versus Heart Biopsy in the First Year After Heart Transplant Early Invasive Monitoring Attenuation Through Gene Expression Trial

Background—The endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is considered the gold standard in rejection surveillance post cardiac transplant, but is invasive, with risk of complications. A previous trial suggested that the gene expression profiling (GEP) blood test was noninferior to EMB between 6 and 60 months post transplant. As most rejections occur in the first 6 months, we conducted a single-center randomized trial of GEP versus EMB starting at 55 days post transplant (when GEP is valid). Methods and Results—Sixty heart transplant patients meeting inclusion criteria were randomized beginning at 55 days post transplant to either GEP or EMB arms. A positive GEP ≥30 between 2 and 6 months, or ≥34 after 6 months, prompted a follow-up biopsy. The primary end point included a composite of death/retransplant, rejection with hemodynamic compromise or graft dysfunction at 18 months post transplant. A coprimary end point included change in first-year maximal intimal thickness by intravascular ultrasound, a recognized surrogat...
Collaborative Study of Aerobic Media for Sterility Testing by Membrane Filtration

The USP XVIII and NF XIII (first supplement) have replaced the sterility test medium, fluid Sabouraud, with a soybean-casein digest medium. A collaborative study performed by 12 laboratories showed that soybean-casein digest medium is superior to fluid Sabouraud medium for sterility testing by membrane filtration.
A School Is a Lousy Place To Learn Anything in

1 This chapter was originally published in American Behavioral Scientist (1972): 85-105, and is reproduced in BURGESS R G (1995) Howard Becker on Education Buckingham: OU Press (which includes the sources for his references, not reproduced here because of course they are very old) nstitutions create myths to explain to their participants and the public generally what they do, how they do it, why society needs it done, and how successful they are. Every institution fails in some measure to do the job it promises, and its functionaries find it necessary, to explain both that they are trying to do better and that the disparity between promise and performance does not exist, is not serious, or occurs only rarely. Institutional apologias divert our attention from the way the very organization of an institution produces its failures. Further, they divert us from comparisons which might show how others, under a different name and rhetoric, actually perform the institution’s characteristic function more effectively.
Laboratory Test Results Of The High Speed Optical Tracking System For The Spaceborne Geodynamic Ranging System

The high speed, high resolution optical tracking system for the Spaceborne Geodynamic Ranging System employs a two-axis gimbaled pointing device that can operate from a Space Shuttle platform and can track multiple retroreflector ground targets with arcsec accuracy. Laboratory tests of the stepping characteristics of the pointing system for various step sizes and directions has shown arcsec repeatability with little wasted motion, overshoot, or ringing. The worst rms tracking jitter was 1 and 2 arcsec in the roll and pitch axes, respectively, at the maximum tracking rate of 2 deg/sec.
Analysis of baseball-to-helmet impacts in major league baseball

Background:In Major League Baseball (MLB), helmet hit-by-pitch (H-HBP) incidents are a leading cause of concussion. However, not all H-HBPs result in diagnosed concussion.Purpose:This study was designed to (1) quantify batter concussion risk as a function of H-HBP pitch velocity, time duration batter spent on the ground post–H-HBP, first responder assessment time duration, and number of days missed post–H-HBP and (2) estimate H-HBP impact locations on the helmet with respect to current National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment (NOCSAE) helmet test standards and correlate impact locations with concussion diagnosis.Study Design:Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:A retrospective case-control study of 18 MLB players with H-HBP incidents in the 2009 and 2010 seasons was undertaken. A database was compiled via quantitative and qualitative analysis using video coverage obtained from MLB. Quantitative factors included batter concussion diagnosis, pitch velocity, number of days...
Creep analysis of zircaloy-4 and its application in the prediction of residual stress relaxation

Abstract Creep tests of zircaloy-4 were conducted in argon at 400, 500 and 600°C. A graphical analysis yielded a creep equation at each temperature to describe the creep curves for strains up to about 10%. A general equation incorporating temperature was also developed and shown to predict experimental strains within a factor of 2 in time over this temperature range for most of the creep curve. Using the creep analysis, together with a strain hardening history dependence, stress relaxation from various initial stresses was calculated. These calculations compared favorably with the results of some manual unloading tests. It was, therefore, possible to make some qualitative predictions to apply to the analysis of dimensional stability of reactor components in cases where residual stresses are present. These predictions were consistent with reported measurements on actual BWR channels, tested after fabrication.
A generalized view of self-citation: direct, co-author, collaborative, and coercive induced self-citation

The phenomenon of self-citation can present in many different forms, including direct, co-author, collaborative, and coercive induced self-citation. It can also pertain to the citation of single scientists, groups of scientists, journals, and institutions. This article presents some case studies of extreme self-citation practices. It also discusses the implications of different types of self-citation. Self-citation is not necessarily inappropriate by default. In fact, usually it is fully appropriate but often it is even necessary. Conversely, inappropriate self-citation practices may be highly misleading and may distort the scientific literature. Coercive induced self-citation is the most difficult to discover. Coercive Induced self-citation may happen directly from reviewers of articles, but also indirectly from reviewers of grants, scientific advisors who steer a research agenda, and leaders of funding agencies who may espouse spending disproportionately large funds in research domains that perpetuate their own self-legacy. Inappropriate self-citation can be only a surrogate marker of what might be much greater distortions of the scientific corpus towards conformity to specific opinions and biases. Inappropriate self-citations eventually affect also impact metrics. Different impact metrics vary in the extent to which they can be gamed through self-citation practices. Citation indices that are more gaming-proof are available and should be more widely used. We need more empirical studies to dissect the impact of different types of inappropriate self-citation and to examine the effectiveness of interventions to limit them.
RESILIENCE IN CHILDREN A Review of Literature With Implications for Education

In spite of the most adverse circumstances, some children manage to survive and even thrive, academically and socially, into adulthood. A complex array of individual, family, and community factors has been identified that best explains resilience and lays the foundation for programs and interventions targeted at fostering the development and maintenance of resilience in at-risk youth. The literature is reviewed to identify and explain those factors, discuss their mutual interaction, and explain their implications for the creation of programs designed to support resilience in school-aged children.
Development and Implementation of a New Industrial Internship Program in Polymer Synthesis and Processing

A new master’s level internship program in polymer synthesis and processing offered in the chemistry and physics departments at the University of Oregon is described. The program is designed to meet the needs of the burgeoning number of polymer and semiconductor companies that are moving into Oregon. Students with an undergraduate degree in chemistry or physics are admitted to the one-year program. The program starts with intensive coursework in the summer. In the fall, following the successful completion of their summer coursework, the students are placed in a local industrial laboratory for a period of about nine months. During this time they gain practical experience and knowledge. The students meet with their university committee and industrial supervisors once a month to turn in progress reports and give talks on their work. The possible pitfalls in setting up an internship program are discussed.
The development of pulsed flow air classification theory and design for municipal solid waste processing

Abstract The development of pulsed flow air classification theory and design for municipal solid waste (MSW) processing is described. The results of previous theoretical and empirical work is summarized and the results of recent experimental studies are presented in greater detail. Pulse flow air classification using smaller scale (air flow regimes of approximately 161 cm2) air classifiers is found to process MSW into combustible and noncombustible fractions more efficiently than zig-zag and straight air classifiers. In recent studies with larger air classifiers (air flow regimes of 929 cm2 and greater), this result has been confirmed. Furthermore, with active pulsed air classifiers, the pulse frequency was found to have little effect on the efficiency in the 1 to 2.5 Hz range, while symmetric and quick-rise pulse shapes appeared to outperform slow-rise pulse shapes. Active pulsed air classifier performance improved as the percentage of the air flow pulsed increased. In direct comparisons using simulated and actual MSW feeds the passive pulsed stacked-triangle outperformed the active pulsed which in turn outperformed the zig-zag non-pulsing air classifier.
Synthesis and evaluation of a series of C5′-substituted duocarmycin SA analogs

Abstract The synthesis and evaluation of a key series of analogs of duocarmycin SA, bearing a single substituent at the C5′ position of the DNA binding subunit, are described.
Drug Interactions with Propafenone

Propafenone is a Class IC antiarrhythmic drug that has been under investigation for over 10 years and is on the threshold of release for general use. Clinical trials have been completed that present compelling evidence of the safety and efficacy of the drug for the treatment of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. As with other potent antiarrhythmic agents, propafenone has the propensity to interact with a variety of other drugs, and these interactions are of critical importance to physicians who will prescribe the drug to patients with cardiac arrhythmias. A particularly detailed knowledge of the interactions between propafenone and such commonly used drugs as anticoagulants, digoxin, cimetidine, other antiarrhythmics, and even food is essential to its safe administration. This paper reviews current information regarding the drug interactions of propafenone so that, once released and available, it will be used appropriately and safely.
A fast derivation of Karhunen-Loeve transform kernel for first-order autoregressive discrete process

Karhunen-Loeve Transform (KLT), also called principal component analysis (PCA) or factor analysis, based signal processing methods have been successfully used in applications spanning from eigenfiltering to recommending systems. KLT is a signal dependent transform and comprised of three major steps where each has its own computational requirement. Namely, statistical measurement of random data is performed to populate its covariance matrix. Then, eigenvectors (eigenmatrix) and eigenvalues are calculated for the given covariance matrix. Last, incoming random data vector is mapped onto the eigenspace (subspace) by using the calculated eigenmatrix. The recently developed method by Torun and Akansu offers an efficient derivation of the explicit eigenmatrix for the covariance matrix of first-order autoregressive, AR(1), discrete stochastic process. It is the second step of the eigenanalysis implementation as summarized in the paper. Its computational complexity is investigated and compared with the currently used techniques. It is shown that the new method significantly outperforms the others, in particular, for very large matrix sizes that are common in big data applications.
Statistical Techniques and the Management of Quality Improvement

In this article the author first reviews the management activities of “control”, “improvement” and “the rest”. Using various examples, the use of people and data are explained in the management of control and improvement. It is concluded that if companies are to improve their product's quality, they must review the needs for improvement of data collection and presentation and the quality skills needed at all managerial levels.
Dosimetric evaluations of the interplay effect in respiratory-gated intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

The interplay between a mobile target and a dynamic multileaf collimator can compromise the accuracy of intensity-modulated radiation therapy(IMRT). Our goal in this study is to investigate the dosimetric effects caused by the respiratory motion during IMRT. A moving phantom was built to simulate the typical breathing motion. Different sizes of the gating windows were selected for gated deliveries. The residual motions during the beam-on period ranged from 0.5 to 3 cm. An IMRT plan with five treatment fields from different gantry angles were delivered to the moving phantom for three irradiation conditions: Stationary condition, moving with the use of gating system, and moving without the use of gating system. When the residual motion was 3 cm, the results showed significant differences in dose distributions between the stationary condition and the moving phantom without gating beam control. The overdosed or underdosed areas enclosed about 33% of the treatment area. In contrast, the dose distribution on the moving phantom with gating window set to 0.5 cm showed no significant differences from the stationary phantom. With the appropriate setting of the gating window, the deviation of dose from the respiratory motion can be minimized. It appeals that limiting the residual motion to less than 0.5 cm is critical for the treatments of mobile structures.
COMMENT ON "A THEORY OF THE VALUE OF CHILDREN"*

The authors dispute the theoretical model proposed by Friedman Hechter and Kanazawa on the value of children in developed countries that is related to the capacity to reduce uncertainty for individuals and to enhance marital solidarity for couples. The authors of this paper argue that the proposed theory has limited potential is internally inconsistent and fails empirical tests. Friedman et al. recognize other reasons for giving value to children that include the expansion of the self an outlet for creativity and desire for accomplishment and an opportunity to guide teach and exert control. It is argued that marriage creates uncertainties and it is not plausible that parenthood uncertainty is any less than uncertainty associated with labor force participation or marriage. Desire for control is more plausible as an explanation for the value of children which is in agreement with the proposed theory. However it is argued that focusing on the precise nature of why parenting occurs is not a good point of departure for exploring systematic variation in fertility behavior. It is argued the first and second hypothesis are contradictory. Evidence is given that supports a negative rather than the proposed positive relationship between divorce and fertility. Evidence is also presented that supports the opposing theory that differences between spouses in education religion race age intelligence and race are associated with a smaller family size. The literature indicates both that marital satisfaction is higher among couples who are voluntarily childless and that marital satisfaction is lower. Empirical evidence is lacking about the influence of strong support from outside sources on fertility. It is viewed as likely that the profamily context of Orthodox Jews supports higher fertility. It is argued that the proposed theory does not distinguish between marital and nonmarital childbearing. It is posited that there is strong support for the rational choice and human capital theory of fertility. Marital status is conducive to childbearing and that strong unions are likely to have higher fertility.
An Efficient Smolt Trap for Sandy and Debris-Laden Streams

Abstract Tripod weir and box traps are traditionally used to capture and enumerate out-migrating salmonid smolts in short-term studies and in streams where temporary or portable traps are the only practical option. Although traditional traps can be effective when conditions are ideal, they are often unable to withstand high-discharge events in streams containing a large amount of debris or sandy substrates. We created a rotary-screw trap and resistance board weir hybrid design that we evaluated along with a tripod weir and box trap, both in a 6.1-m-wide flume and in the field. The new design outperformed the tripod weir in both situations. The tripod weir failed in 10 min in the flume trial, whereas the new design was still operating at the conclusion of an 8-h trial under the same conditions. The new design operated continuously in the field during a high-discharge event that caused the tripod weir to fail. The new design also required less frequent cleaning than the tripod weir. The trap efficiency of t...
Giant viscosity enhancement in a spin-polarized fermi liquid

The viscosity is measured for a Fermi liquid, a dilute $^{3}\mathrm{He}\mathrm{\text{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}\mathrm{He}$ mixture, under extremely high magnetic field/temperature conditions ($B\ensuremath{\le}14.8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{T}$, $T\ensuremath{\ge}1.5\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{mK}$). The spin-splitting energy $\ensuremath{\mu}B$ is substantially greater than the Fermi energy ${k}_{B}{T}_{F}$; as a consequence the polarization tends to unity and $s$-wave quasiparticle scattering is suppressed for $T\ensuremath{\ll}{T}_{F}$. Using a novel composite vibrating-wire viscometer an enhancement of the viscosity is observed by a factor of more than 500 over its low-field value. Good agreement is found between the measured viscosity and theoretical predictions based upon a $t$-matrix formalism.
Accidents, Scandals, and Political Support for Regulatory Agencies

Numerous scholars have observed that accidents and scandals have had an impact on support for regulatory policies and agencies in Congress and the White House. There has been, however, no systematic attempt to determine their impact. In the research reported here, the effect of accidents and scandals was tested using budgetary data for three regulatory agencies: the Securities and Exchange Commission (1947-80), the Federal Communications Commission (1947-80), and the Federal Aviation Administration (1958-78). Accidents and scandals were found to have a significant impact on budgetary support. The specific magnitude, direction, and quality of the response of Congress and the presidency depended upon party control and the relative status of the three agencies in the two institutions.
A comparison of high versus low involvement bank customers

Empirical research related to the use of involvement as a segmentation variable for service customers is sparse, despite its potential managerial utility. The present study utilized a survey methodology to examine service involvement as well as selected perceptions and demographics of bank customers. Multiple discriminant analysis found high involvement customers to hold more favorable perceptions of bank attributes than low involvement customers. High involvement customers also tended to be older and have less education. Research related to the construct of involvement holds the potential for increasing our understanding of consumer behavior within the service sector as well as offering insights to service marketers.
Microfabrication of conductive PDMS on flexible substrates for biomedical applications

In this paper, we present microfabrication of a novel photopatternable conductive PDMS material with silver powder as conductive filler and benzophenone as photosensitive component, employing standard photolithography approach. An array of miniaturized capacitive pressure sensors is micromachined onto flexible polymeric transparency using this approach. Highest conductivity of ∼104 S·m−1 and minimal feature resolution of 60 µm have been successfully achieved. In addition, a thermal compression step can mold the microfabricated device into a desired shape (e.g., contact lens). The unique combination of physical properties from both silver filler and PDMS matrix along with photopatternability makes the conductive PDMS composite an excellent material for biological and clinical sensing applications.
Strong and tunable nonlinear optomechanical coupling in a low-loss system

A major goal in optomechanics is to observe and control quantum behaviour in a system consisting of a mechanical resonator coupled to an optical cavity. Work towards this goal has focused on increasing the strength of the coupling between the mechanical and optical degrees of freedom. However, the form of this coupling is crucial in determining which phenomena can be observed in such a system. Here we demonstrate that avoided crossings in the spectrum of an optical cavity containing a flexible dielectric membrane enable us to realize several different forms of the optomechanical coupling. These include cavity detunings that are (to lowest order) linear, quadratic or quartic in the membrane’s displacement, and a cavity finesse that is linear in (or independent of) the membrane’s displacement. All these couplings are realized in a single device with extremely low optical loss and can be tuned over a wide range in situ. In particular, we find that the quadratic coupling can be increased three orders of magnitude beyond previous devices. As a result of these advances, the device presented here should be capable of demonstrating the quantization of the membrane’s mechanical energy. An optical cavity coupled to a micrometre-sized mechanical resonator offers the opportunity to see quantum effects in relatively large structures. It is now shown that a variety of coupling mechanisms enable investigation of these fascinating systems in a number of different ways.
Robust simulation and design using semi-infinite programs with implicit functions

A method is presented for guaranteeing robust steady-state operation of chemical processes using a model-based approach, taking into account uncertainty in the model parameters and disturbances in the process inputs. Intractable constrained max?min optimisation formulations have been proposed for this problem in the past. A new approach is presented in which the equality constraints (process model equations) are solved numerically for the process variables as implicit functions of the uncertain parameters and controls. The problem is then formulated as a semi-infinite program (SIP) constrained only by the performance specifications as semi-infinite inequality constraints. A rigorous, finite e-optimal convergent algorithm for solving such SIPs is proposed, making no assumptions on convexity, which makes use of the novel developments of parametric interval-Newton methods for bounding implicit functions, and novel developments in McCormick relaxations of algorithms.
Dependence of Uterine Cyclooxygenase2 Expression on Luteinizing Hormone Signaling

Several previous studies have demonstrated that uterine Cox2 (also known as Ptgs2) is required for implantation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) released from anterior pituitary gland and human chorionic gonadotropin released from placenta (hCG) can upregulate the uterine Cox2 gene expression. The Lhcgr knockout (herein designated LHRKO) animals have implantation failure even after estradiol and progesterone therapy. These findings led us to investigate the dependence of uterine Cox2 gene expression on LH signaling in LHRKO animals. The results revealed that, while Cox1 (also known as Ptgs1) mRNA levels were similar, Cox2 mRNA levels were lower in uterus of null animals than in wild-type siblings. Treatment with hCG did not increase Cox2 mRNA levels in null endometrial stromal or myometrial smoothmuscle cells unless gene therapy was performed to introduce native LHCGR. The Cox1 mRNA levels, on the other hand, did not change regardless of the introduction of native or activated Lhcgr or hCG treatment. The Cox2 mRNA increase paralleled the cAMP raise, suggesting that LH uses the cAMP second messenger system. Treating the wild-type uterine cells with hCG resulted in a Cox2 but not Cox1 mRNA increase. This increase became exaggerated when additional native LHCGR were introduced by gene therapy. In conclusion, deletion and reinsertion of Lhcgr further support that uterine Cox2 gene expression is dependent on LH signaling. adenoviral vectors, cAMP signaling, Cox1 and Cox2 mRNA, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, female reproductive tract, gene regulation, LHCGR, Lhcgr gene therapy, LHRKO, luteinizing hormone, uterus
Development of a Whole Cell High Throughput Screen for Muscarinic Receptor Agonists

We have developed a high throughput screen using intact cells to identify muscarinic receptor agonists. Chinese hamster ovary cells stably transfected with the Ml muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (CHO-Ml) were pre-labeled with [3HJ-arachidonic acid (AA). Stimulation of muscarinic receptors with known muscarinic agonists resulted in release of AA from the cells into the culture medium. The released [3H]-AA in this assay was counted using both standard scintillation methods and Luma Plates. Because muscarinic antagonists do not cause release of AA, only agonists are identified. A follow-up screen using a competitive antagonist was used to confirm agonist properties of active compounds. This screen was relatively simple, reproducible, and compatible with many organic solvents and natural products growth media. Thus, it may be useful for the discovery of muscarinic agonists from natural product broths or synthetic compounds.
Temperature compensation of the AlN Lamb wave resonators utilizing the S 1 mode

The temperature compensation techniques for the first-order symmetric (S 1 ) Lamb wave mode in the AlN Lamb wave resonators are firstly investigated in this paper. The S 1 mode simultaneously offers very high phase velocity (ν p ) and large coupling coefficient (k2) when h AlN /λ is smaller than 0.4, but its thermal stability needs further improvement. The AlN/SiO 2 bilayer and SiO 2 /AlN/SiO 2 sandwiched temperature compensation structures are investigated and compared in this study. The SiO 2 /AlN/SiO 2 symmetric structure shows higher vp and larger k2 than the lowest-order quasi-symmetric (QS 1 ) mode traveling in the AlN/SiO 2 bilayer structure because the symmetric structure trapes more acoustic energy inside the AlN piezoelectric layer. Despite the trade-off between first-order temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and k2, the SiO 2 /AlN/SiO 2 structure can provide large k2 and near-zero TCF at the same time with proper thickness selection of AlN and SiO 2 . The temperature-compensated resonator utilizing the S 1 mode in the symmetrical SiO 2 /AlN/SiO 2 sandwiched membrane can simultaneously offer excellent thermal compensation, and large k2 at super-high frequency.
Applications of laser-trimming for all-quartz package, surface acoustic wave devices

A laser-based technique that allows the frequency of sealed, all-quartz package (AQP) surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators to be accurately set to within +or-1 p.p.m. of a prescribed frequency has previously been reported (J.A. Greer et al., 1987). SAW resonator devices in the range of 300 MHz to 1 GHz have been laser-trimmed by as much as 100 p.p.m. The laser-trimming process is extended to a variety of new applications, including accurately adjusting the insertion phase shift of AQP SAW delay lines by as much as 90 degrees ; effectively suppressing the distortion caused by the third-order transverse mode in resonators with nonapodized transducers, which usually results in improved insertion phase shift and insertion-loss responses for the device; and frequency trimming, used either to form accurately matched pairs of AQP SAW resonators for high-power applications by effectively doubling the acoustic aperture using two SAW resonators fabricated on the same substrate surface, or to form matched pairs of devices fabricated on opposite surfaces of the same substrate. The latter application is for high-vibration environments, reducing the combined vibration sensitivity due to the cancellation of strain-induced frequency shifts. The influence of laser-trimming on the residual flicker noise and long-term frequency stability of AQP SAW devices is discussed. >
Impact of the introduction of index-linked bonds on a nonindexed bond

In 1982 the British government began to issue bonds indexed to the inflation rate. This article investigates the impact of the introduction of this asset on the market for a nonindexed security. The impact is estimated in the context of a model derived from the literature on interest rate determination and, implicitly, from the consumption technology model. As expected, the introduction of the new asset is found to reduce the price of a pre-existing nonindexed asset, as the introduction of a substitute good should do. Further, changes in the prices of indexed bonds are positively related to the price of the nonindexed security.
Gendered boundaries: Using a “Boundary” metaphor to understand faculty members’ descriptions of engineering

Programs and theories that form around women's underrepresentation in engineering tend to use pipeline or chilly climate metaphors for their theoretical foundation. This paper investigates a metaphor new to engineers, that of "boundaries," to help make visible the disciplinary work engineering faculty members regularly do that could construct academic engineering as a gendered field. Through quotations drawn from an interview-based study of 10 engineering faculty members, I explore ideas of boundary language and work, and suggest ways in which the conceptual boundary of engineering can be interpreted as gendered. This paper provides CSET audiences with a new "tool to think with" when considering gender in engineering.
Development and preliminary validation of a pain measure specific to neuropathic pain The Neuropathic Pain Scale

Neuropathic pain syndromes are commonly seen in clinical practice and are frequently used as pain models in testing new therapies. However, no pain scale exists with the primary purpose to measure pain in neuropathic syndromes. This paper describes the development and preliminary validation of the Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), which is designed to assess distinct pain qualities associated with neuropathic pain. Results support the discriminant and predictive validity of the NPS items. Moreover, the NPS items appear to be sensitive to treatments known to impact neuropathic pain. These findings provide support for the further development of the NPS.
Constructing trial wave functions for a many electron system confined to a quantum well in a strong magnetic field

Incompressible quantum liquid (IQL) states occur when the single particle angular momentum l and the number N of electrons in the partially filled Landau level satisfy the equation 2l = ν−1N − Cν. ...
Retiming edge-triggered circuits under general delay models

The retiming transformation can be used to optimize synchronous circuits for maximum speed of operation by relocating their storage elements. For relatively simple delay models, an optimal retiming of a given circuit can be computed in polynomial time. Under more comprehensive delay models, however, the retiming problem is solved by resorting to branch-and-bound techniques. In this paper, we investigate retiming under delay models that encompass load-dependent gate delays, register delays, interconnect delays, and clock skew. For the most general of our delay models, we express the retiming problem as a set of integer linear programming (ILP) constraints that can be solved using ILP techniques. For less general delay models, which encompass circuits with monotonic clock skews and load-dependent gate delays, we give an integer monotonic programming formulation for the retiming problem and an asymptotically efficient retiming algorithm. Our algorithm re-times any given edge-triggered circuit to achieve a specified clock period in O(V/sup 3/ F) steps, where V is the number of combinational logic gates in the circuit and F is a constant no greater than the circuit's register count. We have implemented our algorithms in DELAY, a software tool for optimizing synchronous circuits, and have evaluated their performance on benchmark circuits.
Acquisition of lexical semantics through unsupervised discovery of associations between perceptual symbols

This paper introduces an unsupervised method to acquire the lexical semantics of action verbs. The eventual goal of the presented method is allowing a robot to acquire language under realistic conditions. The method acquires lexical semantics by forming association sets that contain general perceptual symbols associated with a certain concept as well as perceptual symbols of the utterances of the name of a concept. The lexical semantics is learned with the help of a narrator who comments on what the robot sees. The technique works even if the narrator only occasionally comments on what the robot sees. The paper presents experimental results that show that the method can acquire the lexical semantics of action verbs while the robot is watching a human who performs actions and hearing a narration that only occasionally actually describes what the robot is currently seeing. A comparison with supervised learning algorithms shows that the method discussed in this paper outperforms other techniques.
Abstract 3545: Cytoprotective Actions of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy After Acute Myocardial Infarction

Introduction: Mesenchymal cells (MSCs) have diverse effects that contribute to improved cardiac function and reduced MI size following acute myocardial infarction (MI). In addition to antibibrotic and regenerative effects, we hypothesized that MSC therapy activates molecular pathways that exert cytoprotection of endogenous adult cellular elements that potentiate endogenous cardiac repair. Methods: Accordingly, we randomized female pigs(n=27) to receive intramyocardial injections of syngeneic porcine MSCs or placebo 3 days after MI. Animals were sacrificed at day 3, 14, and 60 post-injection. The degree of adult cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiomyocyte entry into the cell cycle were determined by using the fluorescent staining for TUNEL, and intranuclear Ki-67. Gene expression analysis was performed, using the Porcine Genome Array (Affymetrix) at day 3 and 14 to assess the impact of of MSC therapy on the activation of pathways involved in cardiac repair after myocardial injury. Results: Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the zone remote from infarction was significantly reduced in the MSC treated animals at 8weeks (0.6±0.05/mm 2 placebo vs. 0.2±0.1/mm 2 , p 0.001), while the rate of cardiomyocyte entry into the cell cycle was significantly increased in the infarct border zone soon after delivery of the cells at day 3 (2.3±1.8/mm 2 placebo vs. 21±8, P 3]; and at day 14, there were 245 significantly changed genes in treated pigs (n=3) compared with placebo (n=5) [q 3]. Importantly, the pathways with greatest downregulation included the TGF B1, CASP2, and Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3(IGF BP3). Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that MSCs have cytoprotective effects and potentiate endogenous repair mechanisms. MSC therapy activates sustained anti-apoptotic and and anti-inflammatory effects that contribute to adult myocyte survival and entry into the cell cycle.
Laboratory Methods for Processing and Interpretation of Endoscopic Gastrointestinal Biopsies

Accurate interpretation of endoscopic gastrointestinal biopsies requires proper handling and processing of the specimens. Close communication with clinicians is essential to correct diagnosis, as the appearances of biopsy specimens are often nonspecific. A growing number of specialized techniques are available to assist interpretation in selected cases.
HOSPITALIZATION AFTER DIAGNOSIS OF PERIPHERAL ARTERIAL DISEASE IN THE COMMUNITY

Cumulative burden and risk factors for hospitalization after diagnosis of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are unknown. We identified all diagnosed cases of PAD in Olmsted County Minnesota between 1998 and 2011 and ascertained all hospitalizations for this cohort through 2013. For each case we
Energy Transduction and Deterministic Protein Motions

The activity of numerous biological molecules is controlled by the binding of a receptor which produce changes in structure. These structural changes, in turn, modify the barriers to various catalytic and transport functions. The molecular response function to the stimulus for motion involves specific structural changes that require the correlated displacement of thousands of atoms. Given the enormous number of degrees of freedom involved in these functionally relevant motions, it is clear that the energy of interaction with the receptor is being transferred in a highly directed fashion into the key atomic displacements. To understand the biomechanics, it is necessary to determine how energy is exchanged amongst these different degrees of freedom and the length scale of the forces displacing the atoms. In this regard, heme proteins provide ideal model systems. Large amounts of energy can be optically deposited in the center of the protein and the spatial dispersion or redistribution of this energy can be monitored using optical probes sensitive to vibrational or translational energy. It is also possible to optically trigger the functionally important structural changes involved in the al-losteric regulation of oxygen transport in heme proteins. Thus, both energy exchange processes and functionally important motions can be studied in a single system.