cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress alters miRNA expression.

Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved, non-coding RNA that alter protein expression and regulate multiple intracellular processes, including those involved in the response to cellular stress. Alterations in miRNA expression may occur following exposure to several stress-inducing anticancer agents including ionizing radiation, etoposide, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Family Secrets: An Illustrative Clinical Case Study Guided by Bowen Family Systems Theory:

Bowen family systems theory is useful in understanding both family emotional and relationship processes and symptom formation. This article presents principles of Bowen family systems theory and sh...
Detection of alkaloids and carbohydrates by taste receptor cells of the galea of gypsy moth larvae, Lymantria dispar (L.)

Gypsy moth larvae are polyphagous feeders. The electrophysiological responses of the medial and lateral styloconic sensilla to four secondary compounds (e.g., alkaloids), two carbohydrates, and one inorganic salt were examined using an extracellular tip-recording method. In the medial sensillum, one taste receptor cell responded to the alkaloids, strychnine, caffeine, nicotine, and aristolochic acid (i.e., deterrent-sensitive cell), while another, responded to the sugar alcohol and inositol (inositol-sensitive cell). In both medial and lateral sensilla, two taste receptor cells in each sensillum responded minimally and sporadically to 30 mM potassium chloride (KCl) (i.e., KCl-sensitive cells); one cell produced much larger amplitude action potentials than the other. In the medial sensillum, only the large-amplitude KCl-sensitive cell exhibited an increased firing rate with increasing salt concentration. When binary mixture experiments were conducted, it was confirmed that the large-amplitude KCl-sensitive cell and the deterrent-sensitive cell in the medial sensillum were one in the same cell. Only a single cell in the lateral sensillum responded to the sugar, sucrose (sucrose-sensitive cell). The temporal dynamics of responses of the deterrent-sensitive, sucrose-sensitive, and inositol-sensitive cells were compared. Concentration–response data were obtained for the deterrent-sensitive cell to various alkaloids, as well as to KCl.
Structure-activity model of chemicals that cause human respiratory sensitization.

Abstract We report a structure–activity model of chemicals with the potential to cause respiratory allergy developed through the CASE/MultiCASE systems. Chemicals documented to elicit a decrease in FEV 1 of ≥20% within 24 h of inhalation provocation challenge were used to form a learning set. Additional requirements for inclusion in the learning set were that chemicals had at least two contiguous nonhydrogen atoms and were nonmetallic. Forty chemicals met these criteria. The model identified several “structural alerts” including the isocyanate functionality (N≡C≡O), primary and secondary amines, substituted aromatic moieties, and distance descriptors. An external data-withholding exercise used to validate the model yielded a sensitivity of 0.95 and a specificity of 0.95. This model is applicable to initial prediction of the sensitizing ability of untested chemicals and may provide mechanistic insight into the process(es) of respiratory sensitization.
1,5‐naphthyridines. Synthesis of 7‐chloro‐4‐(4‐diethylamino‐1‐methylbutylamino)‐2‐methoxy‐1,5‐naphthyridine and related compounds

The synthesis of 7-chloro-4-(4-diethylamino-1-methylbutylamino)-2-methoxy-1,5-naphthyridine, a compound which incorporates the structure of both chloroquine (a schizontocidal drug) and pamaquine (a gametocytocidal drug), has been carried out. In addition, two structurally related derivatives, the, “5-azachloroquine” and the “5-azapamaquine,” have also been obtained by multi-step syntheses. “5-Azachloroquine” possesses good antimalarial activity against Plasmodium berghei. The compound was also found to be less toxic than the known 4-aminoquinoline and 8-aminoquinoline antimalarial drugs.
Long-lived memory for electronic spin in a quantum dot: Numerical analysis

Techniques for coherent control of electron spin-nuclear spin interactions in quantum dots can be directly applied in spintronics and in quantum information processing. In this work we study numerically the interaction of electron and nuclear spins in the context of storing the spin state of an electron in a collective state of nuclear spins. We take into account the errors inherent in a realistic system: the incomplete polarization of the bath of nuclear spins and the different hyperfine interactions between the electron and individual nuclei in the quantum dot. Although these imperfections deteriorate the fidelity of the quantum information retrieval, we find reasonable fidelities are achievable for modest bath polarizations.
Identification and Expression of Glycine Decarboxylase (p120) as a Duck Hepatitis B Virus Pre-S Envelope-binding Protein

A 120-kilodalton protein (p120) was identified in the duck liver that binds to several truncated versions of duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) pre-S envelope protein, suggesting p120 may serve as a DHBV co-receptor. The amino acid sequences of tryptic peptides from purified p120 were found to be the duck p protein of the glycine decarboxylase complex (DGD). DGD cDNA cloning revealed extensive protein conservation with the chicken homologue except for several insertions in the N-terminal leader sequence. The DGD cDNA contained no in-frame AUG codon at the predicted initiation site of the open reading frame, and site-directed mutagenesis experiments established an AUU codon as the translational initiator. The DGD protein expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysates bound truncated DHBV pre-S protein identical to that of p120 derived from duck liver confirming DGD as p120. Moreover, transfection studies in liver- and kidney-derived cells revealed both cell surface and cytoplasmic expression of the protein. Cloning of the glycine decarboxylase cDNA will permit a direct test of whether it functions as a cell surface co-receptor or as a co-factor in the DHBV replication cycles.
Structural Forms and Transitions of Poly(dG-dC)with Cd(II), Ag(I) and NaN03

Abstract Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the structures and transitions in hydrated gels of double-helical poly(dG-dC) complexed with the metal carcinogens Cd(II) and Ag(I). For one Cd(II) per ten nucleotides (r=0.1), the B structure was stable at high and moderate hydrations with D20 and the B and Z structures coexisted at low hydrations. For poly(dG-dC) with Cd(II) at r=0.2 to 0.35, the Z structure was stable at high hydrations (94% r.h. for r=0.2). At a given value of hydration, H20 gave a higher content of Z structure than DzO. Cd(II) most likely binds to guanine residues at N7 in both the B and Z forms of poly(dG-dC) but binding to guanine N3 can not be exluded. It is unlikely that Cd(II) binds to cytosine residues at the r values studied and the cytosine residues did not protonate at N3 as Cd(II) bound to guanine residues. Poly(dG-dC) with Ag(I) at r=0.2 to 0.36, existed in a B-family structure which is different from the B-family structure of the type I complex of Ag(I) and calf-thymus DNA ...
On‐Line Detection for the HPLC Analysis of Water‐Soluble Vitamins in Multivitamin Tablets

Abstract Four water‐soluble vitamins, thiamine (B1), riboflavin (B2), pantothenic acid (B5), and pyridoxine (B6), frequently found in multivitamin tablets were analyzed by LC‐FTIR. The samples were run on a C18 column using gradient elution with a mobile phase of 0.01 M ammonium acetate and methanol. The separation was carried out on a LC‐FTIR system with a solvent elimination mode. The interface between high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and FTIR, which included an ultrasonic nebulizer and a heated drift tube removed the solvent from the HPLC effluent prior to FTIR detection. The analytes were deposited on a moving zinc selenide plate and FTIR spectra of the solid analytes were obtained. Spectral profiles of the vitamins of interest were constructed from the recorded standard spectra. The vitamins of interest in three multivitamin tablets were separated and identified, based on retention time and infrared spectral matching to those of standards.
Observations on the Effects of Music Exposure to Growing Performance of Meat-Type Chicks

Abstract One hundred eight-day old meat type chicks were randomly allotted into a control group and four music exposure treatment groups as follows: high level dinner music, low level dinner music, low level rock and roll music, and high level rock and roll music. Low level music reached a maximum decibel reading of 70 and high level music a maximum reading of 85. Feed consumption by group and individual weights were determined weekly during a nine-week feeding period. Feed consumption by groups was very similar and did not indicate any apparent tranquilizing effect or stress associated with treatments. Final live weight and carcass weight of the high level rock and roll group were somewhat less heavy than the others with the difference between low level dinner (1491 g.) and high level rock and roll (1398 g.) approaching statistical significance (P
A nonlinear compartmental formulation for some classical population interactions

Abstract A general model for n-species competition is discussed within the framework of nonlinear compartmental analysis. Each species is treated as a separate compartment and the resource as another compartment. Biomass is assumed to be conserved, that is, dead individuals and excreted material return to the resource. Qualitative results are found to be compatible with those arising from classical population models. Similar compartmental formulations are suggested for other population interactions such as predator-prey or mutualism.
George F. Kennan’s Realism

Recent studies of the career diplomat and distinguished historian George F. Kennan, and particularly a little noted intellectual biography by Lee Congdon, reveal a side of this figure that has often been neglected. Despite his reputation as a critic of the Cold War, Kennan was in fact a strong anti-Communist and profoundly conservative thinker. His conventional defenders have stressed his displeasure with vocal anti-Communism in order to create an image of him that is consistent with their left-of-center politics. This has come at the expense of playing down unfashionable opinions that Kennan expressed on a wide range of issues. Many of his opinions, which he viewed as eminently “realistic,” would have been unacceptable to his mainstream admirers even fifty years ago, were it not for his stands on the Cold War and for certain isolated statements drawn from his post-World War Two speeches mentioning racial inequality and industrial waste. What is now being published on Kennan’s life, however, provides a more balanced picture. Congdon and John Lukacs have both offered this necessary corrective to earlier views about their subject in recent biographical studies. These and other commentators are now highlighting the anti-modernist perspective from which he viewed and criticized the twentieth century.
The possible role of redox-associated protons in growth of plant cells.

The protons excreted by plant cells may arise by two different mechanisms: (1) by the action of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase and (2) by plasma membrane redox reactions. The exact proportion from each source is not known, but the plasma membrane H+-ATPase is, by far, the major contributor to proton efflux. There is still some question of whether the redox-associated protons produced by NADH oxidation on the inner side of the plasma membrane traverse the membrane in a 1 : 1 relationship with electrons generated in the redox reactions. Membrane depolarization observed in the presence of ferricyanide reduction by plasma membranes of whole cells or tissues or the lag period between ferricyanide reduction and medium acidification argue that only scalar protons may be involved. The other major argument against tight coupling between protons and electrons involves the concept of strong charge compensation. When ferricyanide is reduced to ferrocyanide on the outside of cells or tissues, an extra negative charge arises, which is compensated for by the release of H+ or K+, so that the total ratio of increased H+ plus K+ equals the electrons transferred by transmembrane electron transport. These are strong arguments against a tight coupling between electrons and protons excreted by the plasma membrane. On the other hand, there is no question that inhibitor studies provide evidence for two mechanisms of proton generation by plasma membranes. When the H+-ATPase activity is totally inhibited, the addition of ferricyanide induces a burst of extra proton excretion, orvice versa, when plasma membrane redox reactions are inhibited, the H+-ATPase can function normally. Since plasma membrane redox reactions and associated H+ excretion are related to growth, it is possible that in plants the ATPase-generated protons have a different function from redox-associated protons. The H+-ATPase-generated protons have been considered for many years to be necessary for cell wall expansion, allowing elongation to take place. A special function of the redox-generated protons may be in initiating proliferative cell growth, based on the presence of a hormone-stimulated NADH oxidase in membranes of soybean hypocotyls and stimulation of root growth by low concentrations of oxidants. Here we propose that this NADH oxidase and the redox protons released by its action control growth. The mechanism for this may be the evolution of protons into a special membrane domain, from which a signal to initiate cell proliferation may originate, independent of the action of the H+-ATPase-generated protons. It is also possible that both expansion and proliferative growth are controlled by redox-generated protons.
Synthesis, analytical characterization and use of octakis(2,3‐di‐O‐methyl‐6‐O‐sulfo)‐γ‐cyclodextrin, a novel, single‐isomer, chiral resolving agent in low‐pH background electrolytes

The third member of the family of single-isomer, sulfated gamma-cyclodextrins, the sodium salt of octakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin has been synthesized, analytically characterized and used for the capillary electrophoretic separation of the enantiomers of nonionic, weak acid and weak base analytes in low-pH aqueous background electrolytes. Though octakis(2,3-di-O-methyl-6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin complexes less strongly with many of the analytes tested than the other members of the single-isomer, 6-O-sulfo gamma-cyclodextrin family, such as octa(6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin and octakis(2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-sulfo)-gamma-cyclodextrin, it offers excellent separation selectivities, often complementary to those of both the single-isomer, 6-O-sulfo beta-cyclodextrins and 6-O-sulfo gamma-cyclodextrins. Rapid, efficient enantiomer separations were observed for a large number of structurally diverse analytes in acidic aqueous background electrolytes.
An Evaluation of the Evidence that Methamphetamine Abuse Causes Cognitive Decline in Humans

Methamphetamine (MA) is one of the most commonly abused illicit substances worldwide. Among other problems, abuse of the drug has been associated with reduced cognitive function across several domains. However, much of the literature has not attempted to differentiate cognitive difficulties caused by MA abuse from preexisting cognitive difficulties that are likely caused by other factors. Here, we address this question, evaluating evidence for a priori hypotheses pertaining to six lines of research: (a) animal studies; (b) cross-sectional human studies; (c) a twin study; (d) studies of changes in cognition with abstinence from MA; (e) studies of changes in brain structure and function with abstinence from MA; and (f) studies of the relationship between the severity of MA abuse and the extent of cognitive deficits observed. Overall the findings were mixed, with some support for a causal relationship between MA abuse and cognitive decline, and other findings suggesting that there is no relationship. The preponderance of the data, however, does support the possibility that MA abuse causes cognitive decline, of unknown duration, in at least some users of the drug. When averaged across individuals, this decline is likely to be mild in early-to-middle adulthood. However, moderator variables are likely to contribute to the presence and/or severity of cognitive decline exhibited by a given individual.
A lead isotopic study of the Stillwater Complex, Montana: constraints on crustal contamination and source regions

Analyses of the Pb isotopic compositions of plagioclase from 23 samples covering the stratigraphic thickness of the Stillwater Complex indicate a narrow range of apparent initial isotopic compositions (206Pb/ 204Pb=13.95; 207Pb/204Pb=14.95–15.01; 208Pb/204Pb=33.6). The uniformity of our data is in contrast to, but not necessarily contradictory to, other recent investigations which give indications that the complex formed by repeated injection of magmas with at least two distinct compositions that were presumably derived from different source regions. Samples from the Basal series of the complex have consistently higher 207Pb/204Pb ratios, suggesting either minor contamination from adjacent country rocks or a slight distinction between parental magmas. Apparent initial Pb isotopic compositions of the complex are very radiogenic compared to Late Archean model-mantle values, but are nearly identical to initial Pb isotopic compositions found for the the adjacent, slightly older (2.73–2.79 Ga), Late Archean crustal suite in the Beartooth Mountains. Contamination of magmas parental to the Stillwater Complex by the Late Archean crustal suite is rejected for two reasons: (1) Th and U concentrations in Stillwater rocks and plagioclase are very low (about 0.08 and 0.02 ppm respectively), yet Th/U ratios are uniform at about 4, in contrast to the highly variable (2–26) but often high Th/U ratios found for the Late Archean crustal complex; (2) it seems improbable that any contamination process would have adjusted the isotopic compositions of the diverse magmas entering the Stillwater chamber to near-identical values. The preferred hypothesis to explain the Pb isotopic data for the Stillwater Complex and the associated Late Archean crustal suite involves a major Late Archean crust-forming event that resulted in a compositionally complex crust/mantle system with relatively homogeneous and unusual Pb isotopic compositions. The parental magmas of the Stillwater Complex were generated at different levels within this crust/mantle system, before isotopic contrasts could develop by radioactive decay within compositionally discrete reservoirs. This situation limits the utility of all isotopic tracer systems in discriminating among the various mantle and crustal reservoirs that may have affected the final isotopic character of the Stillwater magmas. The late Archean crustal complex and the Stillwater Complex melts were ultimately derived from the same distinct mantle without obvious direct interaction with the Middle to Early Archean crust present in the region.
The mass extraction of potato glycoalkaloids from blossoms

A new procedure has been developed to extract gram quantities of glycoalkaloids from freeze-dried potato blossoms. The per cent recovery is 65–70%, yielding a mixed glycoalkaloid product that is greater than 90% glycoalkaloids. This method is very simple and rapid with completion in only two days. This new methodology will be very useful in entomological and toxicological research where large amounts of these glycoalkaloids are utilized.
Public Input in Toxic Site Cleanup Decisions: The Strengths and Limitations of Community Advisory Boards

Toxic sites worldwide expose millions to environmental and health risks. In response, public agencies in Western Europe and the United States have begun to identify and remediate contaminated sites. Public participation in cleanup decisions is a critical part of this process. US agencies increasingly rely on Community Advisory Boards (CABs) to facilitate long-term participation. CABs are intended to inform and consult the public and integrate citizens' input in cleanup decisions. Recent research, however, finds that participatory processes often fall short of their objectives. This paper examines the performance of CABs in involving the public in toxic sites cleanup decisions in the United States. The research (1) develops a conceptual framework and a quantitative methodology to assess CABs; and (2) uses this methodology to assess whether CABs achieve successful participation. The analysis targets CABs at five toxic sites in Tucson, Arizona, and builds on the content analysis of eighty-one CAB meeting min...
Antibiotics in the management of pediatric skin disease.

Bacterial skin infections are among the most common problems for which pediatric patients. 145 An increasingly large number of antimicrobial agents can be considered today for treatment of these infections. In this era of health-care cost-containment; rising antibiotic resistance, which threatens our ability to combat infections, and risk of litigation owing to unanticipated adverse drug reactions and interactions, it is incumbent upon the physician to have a thorough working knowledge of antimicrobial agents. Paramount is an understanding of their spectrum of activity, pharmacologic properties, potential adverse reactions and interactions, and propensity to select for the emergence of resistant organisms. This article will focus on principles of use of oral antibiotics for the treatment of uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections in immunocompetent children.
Cytogeometrical determination of ciliary pattern formation in the hypotrich ciliate Stylonychia mytilus

Specification of polar and lateral axes has been investigated in several metazoan developmental systems. In order to analyze this phenomenon in unicellular organisms, singlet cells of the ciliate, Stylonychia mytilus, were cut along their longitudinal axis and the regenerative morphogenetic sequence was analyzed. Morphogenesis in right fragments, which folded such that the posterior and anterior ends were juxtaposed and fused, leads to formation of two partially mirror-imaged incomplete ventral ciliary patterns. Regenerative morphogenesis in singlet hypotrich ciliates typically produces only one complete set of ciliary organelles. These data demonstrate that cytoplasmic orientation (cytogeometry) plays a major role in the determination of ciliary pattern and that polar and lateral axes are determined independently in this species.
Stochastic Control for Smart Grid Users With Flexible Demand

In this paper, we study the optimal control problem for the demand-side of the smart grid under time-varying prices with general structures. We assume that users are equipped with smart appliances that allow delay in satisfying demands, and one central controller that makes energy usage decisions on when and how to satisfy the scheduled demands. We formulate a dynamic programming model for the control problem. The model deals with stochastic demand arrivals and schedules the demands based on their own allowable delays, which are specified by users. However, the dynamic programming model encounters the “curses of dimensionality” and some other difficulties, thus is hard to solve. We develop a decentralization-based heuristic first, and also propose an approximation approach based on Q-learning. Finally, we conduct numerical studies on a testing problem. The simulation results show that both the Q-learning and the decentralization based heuristic approaches work well, but they have their own advantages and disadvantages under different scenarios. Lastly, we conclude the paper with some discussions on future extension directions.
RADIOMIMETIC ACTION OF POLYIMINE CHEMISTERILANTS IN NEUROSPORA.

The toxicity and mutagenicity of 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexa (1aziridinyl) -2,4,6- triphospho-1,3,5-triazine (Apholate), tris (1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (APO), and tris (1(2 methyl) aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (MAPO) was tested in a system that permits a distinction between nuclear and other cytotoxid effects; heterokaryotic conidia of Neurospora crassa. Fifteen minute exposures to unbuffered 0.5% solutions of the three compounds gave surviving fractions in the neighborhood of 0.1 on minimal medium, corresponding to a dose of about 50,000 r of x rays. It was concluded that the compounds are mutagenic for Neurospora. (P.C.H.)
Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx: A review of 53 patients

Background. Verrucous carcinoma of the larynx is a rare laryngeal neoplasm that can be confused with a benign process. Although usually curable at an early stage, it can be locally aggressive if left untreated. We describe our experience with this tumor and make recommendations for diagnosis and treatment. Methods. From 1960 through 1990, 53 patients received initial treatment for verrucous carcinoma of the larynx at the Mayo Clinic. We retrospectively reviewed the presentation, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes in these patients. All cases were confirmed by histologic examination. Results. All but two patients were men, and most were smokers. Most tumors were found in the glottis, and 72% were T1 lesions at presentation. Six patients had hybrid tumors consisting of conventional squamous cell carcinoma along with the verrucous component. Sixteen patients had lesions that had been diagnosed as benign before they were seen at our institution. Treatment ranged from transoral excision to laryngopharyngectomy. Ten patients experienced recurrence, but only two patients died of the tumor. No pure verrucous lesion metastasized, and overall survival was similar to that of an age- and sex-matched cohort from the Western North Central U.S. white population. Conclusions. When discovered early, verrucous carcinoma of the larynx can be treated by local excision with good results; extensive lesions, however, may require more-aggressive procedures. Close communication between the pathologist and the clinician as well as adequate biopsy is essential for diagnosis. Patients with a conventional squamous cell carcinoma coexistent with a verrucous lesion must be treated as if they had invasive squamous cell carcinoma.
The Personal Dimensions of Difference scale: Measuring multi-group identity with four ethnic groups☆

Abstract The Personal Dimensions of Difference (PDD) is a measure of multigroup identity. It examines seven categories of social group membership on the dimensions of: (1) ascribed group identity, (2), personal empowerment via group membership, and (3) perceived social support for group membership. In study one a principle components factor analysis of the 21 PDD measures was conducted with 1,664 university students, yielding five dimensions of social group identity. Significant between-ethnic/race group differences were found on all five of the factors. In study two a subsample of the larger group was included in a monotraitheteromenthod examination of the relationship of the PDD factors with subjective well-being, anti-Black racism, and White Racial Identity. MANOVA results yielded a significant relationship for the PDD factors with subjective well-being. For Euro- Whites, the PDD factors were significantly correlated with the White Racial Identity Attitudes and anti-Black racism.
A two-cell biosensor that couples neuronal cells to optically monitored fish chromatophores.

Abstract A two-cell biosensor was developed that uses optically detected changes in naturally colored fish chromatophores to measure the neurosecretory output of mammalian neuronal cells. The specific version of the biosensor described here is a continuous flow device that places red-pigmented, dendritic erythrophore cells directly downstream of an immobilized population of PC12 neuronal cells, a well-established model cell-line having neuroendocrine function. Agents known to stimulate catecholamine neurosecretion (secretagogues) were presented to the PC12 cells. It was found that the varying level of neurosecretion from the PC12 cells was measurable by judging the degree of pigment aggregation in the erythrophores. Increases in catecholamine secretion and consequent pigment aggregation were observed for several known secretagogues, including receptor agonists (ATP, acetylcholine), membrane depolarizing agents (high K+ concentration), and specific neurotoxins (black widow spider venom, α-latrotoxin). This particular two-cell biosensor, which is applicable to the detection of any agents that affect the levels of catecholamine secretion from PC12 cells, demonstrates the general principle that the breadth of sensitivity of a biosensor is increased by employing coupled cell types.
Mutation of highly conserved arginine residues disrupts the structure and function of annexin V.

Abstract Background Annexins are a family of structurally related proteins that bind to phospholipid membranes in a Ca 2 +-dependent manner. Annexins are characterized by highly conserved canonical domains of approximately 70 amino acids. Annexin V contains four such domains. Each of these domains has a highly conserved arginine (R). Methods To evaluate the role of the conserved arginines in the molecular structure of annexin V, negatively charged amino acids were substituted for arginines at positions R43, R115, R199, and R274 using site-directed mutagenesis. Results Mutants R199D and R274E were rapidly degraded when expressed in bacteria, and were not further characterized. R43E exhibited an electrophoretic mobility similar to the wild-type protein, while R115E migrated significantly in a slower fashion, suggesting a less compact conformation. R43E and R115E exhibited much greater susceptibility to proteolytic digestion than the wild type. While Ca 2 +-dependence for phospholipid binding was similar in both mutants (half-maximal 50–80 μM Ca 2 +), R43E and R115E exhibited a 6- and 2-fold decrease in phospholipid affinity, respectively. Consistent with the different phospholipid affinities of the annexins, a phospholipid-dependent clotting reaction, the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), was significantly prolonged by the wild-type protein and mutants R115E and R115A. The aPTT was unaffected by R43E. Conclusions Our data suggest that mutation of these highly conserved arginine residues in each of the four canonical domains of annexin have differential effects on the phospholipid binding, tertiary structure, and proteolytic susceptibility of annexin V. The site I mutation, R43E, produced a large decrease in phospholipid affinity associated with an increase in proteolytic susceptibility. The site II mutation, R115E, produced a small change in phospholipid binding but a significant modification of electrophoretic mobility. Our data suggest that highly conserved arginine residues are required to stabilize the tertiary structure of annexin V by establishing hydrogen bonds and ionic bridges.
α-Adrenergic inhibition of Na+ transport: The interaction of vasopressin and 3′,5′-AMP

Abstract It has been proposed that α-adrenergic inhibition of Na+ transport across isolated frog skin is mediated by a decrease in adenyl cyclase activity and a resultant decrease in 3′,5′-AMP synthesis. To test this hypothesis the interaction of phenylephrine, predominantly an α-adrenergic substance, with vasopressin and 3′,5′-AMP was studied in the presence of propranalol, a β-blocker. The short-circuit current (Is) technique was used. Phenoxybenzamine, an α-adrenergic blocking agent, prevented the phenylephrine-induced decrease in Is. Dose-response studies indicated the minimum and maximum effective concentrations to be approx. 1 and 100 μM, respectively. A submaximal concentration of phenylephrine (2.5 μM) decreased Is in the presence of a low vasopressin concentration (1 munit/ml), but the effect was prevented by a higher vasopressin concentration (100 munits/ml). The higher vasopressin concentration did not prevent an Is decrease by the maximal effective phenylephrine concentration (0.1 mM). These findings suggest that vasopressin and α-adrenergic stimulation affect the same Na+ transport regulatory system. In the presence of 0.1 mM phenylephrine, vasopressin did not alter Is. However, a concentration of 3′,5′-AMP which was equipotent or less increased Is in the presence of the same phenylephrine concentration. The findings are compatible with the hypothesis that α-adrenergic stimulation decreases adenyl cyclase activity and 3′,5′-AMP synthesis in the frog-skin epidermis which in turn mediates a decrease in Na+ permeability and net Na+ transport.
The Structuring Principle: Political Socialization and Belief Systems

This paper assesses the theoretical significance of data on childhood political learning. Two socialization models are involved. Each confers relevance on childhood learning by linking it with political outcomes. The first is an allocative politics model, which seeks a linkage with policy outputs. The other is a system persistence model, looking toward the stability and continued existence of political systems. Each model incorporates the following assumptions: (a) the primacy principle: childhood learning is relatively enduring throughout life; (b) the structuring principle: basic orientations acquired during childhood structure the later learning of specific issue beliefs.It is this structuring principle which we examined and tested in the present paper. The data show no or little association between childhood orientations and the later learning of specific beliefs about the most important political issues of the day. Our evidence suggests a need to carefully reexamine the basic assumptions and directions of current political socialization research.
Solid-Phase Microextraction with Temperature-Programmed Desorption for the Analysis of Iodination Disinfection Byproducts

An analytical approach for the determination of chlorination and iodination disinfection byproducts based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) was developed. Solid-phase microextraction presents a simple, rapid, sensitive, and solvent-free approach to sample preparation in which analytes in either air or water matrixes are extracted into the polymeric coating of an optical fiber. Analytes are subsequently thermally desorbed in the injection port of a gas chromatograph for separation, detection, and quantitation. Thermal degradation of iodoform was observed during desorption from a polyacrylate fiber in initial GC/MS and GC/ECD experiments. Experiments were designed to determine SPME conditions that would allow quantification without significant degradation of analytes. Isothermal and temperature-programmed thermal desorptions were evaluated for efficacy in transferring analytes with wide-ranging volatilities and thermal stabilities into chromatographic analysis columns. A temperature-programmed desorptio...
Mechanism for the Retardation of the Acid Dissolution Rate of Hydroxyapatite by Strontium

Dissolution rates and apparent solubilities for synthetic hydroxyapatite in acetate buffers containing phosphate and strontium ions in the range of 10-3 to 10-2 M were determined under various pH and buffer conditions. Critical examination of the role of strontium with a physical model suggests that a calcium-strontium apatite surface complex may govern the driving force of the dissolution reaction.
A prototrophic yeast-strain of Histoplasma capsulatum.

A newly derived strain of Histoplasma capsulatum can be grown stably as yeast in a minimal medium containing glucose, biotin, tartrate and inorganic salts.
3379 Do endoscopists utilize and understand the asa grade

Background: The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade has been used for over 50 years as a risk predictor of peri-operative morbidity and mortality. This measure may also be a predictor of endoscopy related complications, but has not yet been validated. The CORI endoscopic database has included the ASA grade as a query for endoscopic practitioners. There are 5 designated levels, from Class I-healthy patient without comorbidity to Class V- moribund patient with little chance of survival. Little is currently known about endoscopists' understanding and use of this classification system. Purpose:to assess the comprehension and utilization of the ASA grade among a large, heterogeneous group of endoscopists. Methods: All CORI sites were surveyed regardignt their use of the ASA classification and were asked to grade 5 hypothetical patients. Demographic information concerning practice type, training and years since feloowship were collectd for all responding endoscopists. Results: 41 sites and 124 providers responded to the survey. 87% were gastroenterologists, 51% at non-academic sites. 84% stated that they used the ASA classification all or most of the time. 12% utilized the CORI help feature to explain ASA classification. Overall correct grading for the hypothetical patients was 69%. This ranged from 49-98% for the 5 cases. 95% of the responses were within 1 grade of the correct response. Endoscopists using CORI for >12 months were more likely (p
Children's Literature: Perceptions of Bullying.

(2008). Children's Literature: Perceptions of Bullying. Childhood Education: Vol. 84, International Focus Issue 2008: Bullying and Violence Issues in Children's Lives: Examining the Issues and Solutions, pp. 379-382.
Educational Change Through a Taxonomy for Writing Physical Education Objectives

(1971). Educational Change Through a Taxonomy for Writing Physical Education Objectives. Quest: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 32-38.
Mode matches in hydrophobic free energy eigenfunctions predict peptide-protein interactions

The dominant statistical hydrophobic free energy inverse frequencies amino acid wavelengths as hydrophobic modes, of neurotensin (NT), cholescystokinin (CCK), the human dopamine D2 receptor [(DA)D2], and the human dopamine transporter (DAT) were determined using orthogonal decomposition of the autocovariance matrices of their amino acid sequences as hydrophobic free energy equivalents in kcal/mol. The leading eigenvalues-associated eigenvectors were convolved with the original series to construct eigenfunctions. Eigenfunctions were further analyzed using discrete trigonometric wavelet and all poles, maximum entropy power spectral transformations. This yielded clean representations of the dominant hydrophobic free energy modes, most of which are otherwise lost in the smoothing of hydropathy plots or contaminated by end effects and multimodality in conventional Fourier transformations. Mode matches were found between NT and (DA)D2 and between CCK and DAT, but not the converse. These mode matches successfully predicted the nonlinear kinetic interactions of NT-(DA)D2 in contrast with CCK-(DA) D2 on 3H-spiperone binding to (DA) D2, and by CCK-DAT but not NT-DAT on [N-methyl-3H]-WIN 35,428 binding to DAT in (DA)D2 and DAT cDNA stably transfected cell lines without known NT or CCK receptors. Computation of the dominant modes of hydrophobic free energy eigenfunctions may help predict functionally relevant peptide-membrane protein interactions, even across neurotransmitter families.
Boys, Brats and Education: Reproducing White Maturity in Colonial Zimbabwe, 1915–1935

During the 1920s and 1930s, white settlers in Southern Rhodesia (Colonial Zimbabwe) achieved responsible government and sought to claim the region as a settlers’ territory but faced a crisis with t...
Experimental observations of deformation caused by mineral dissolution in variable-aperture fractures

[1] Problems such as CO2 sequestration, petroleum production and nuclear waste isolation involve the potential for rock-water reactions. Mineral alteration resulting from reactive fluid flow can lead to significant changes to fracture transport properties. At depth, these processes are further influenced by stresses in the host rock. To quantitatively explore these coupled processes, we built a new experimental apparatus designed to directly measure changes in fracture aperture in analog fractures subjected to the combined influence of a reactive fluid and an applied normal stress. Light transmission techniques provided direct measurements of the changing fracture aperture at high spatial resolution during two experiments in identical fractures with an initial mean fracture aperture of 95 μm. The two experiments were carried out at values of the dimensionless Damkohler number (Da = reaction rate/advection rate) that differed by a factor of 2. The high-Da experiment resulted in the formation of a large-scale dissolution channel in the middle of the fracture and regions with little dissolution and slow closure of the fracture surfaces. By contrast, the low-Da experiment exhibited relatively uniform dissolution across the width of the fracture, with locally enhanced dissolution in small aperture regions. This resulted in increased stresses in contacting asperities and eventual damage of the asperities accompanied by large (up to 50 μm), instantaneous displacements of the surfaces and corresponding reductions in fracture aperture. The results demonstrate the importance of the spatial variability of dissolution rates, which are controlled by both local reaction kinetics and hydrodynamics, in fractures deforming because of combined dissolution and mechanical stress.
Media and sex among alternative school students

Abstract A school-based, cross-sectional survey was conducted among 927 Latino and African American students attending 10 alternative schools in Houston, Texas, to investigate mass media consumption and its influence on sexual risk-taking behavior. Among males, exposure to television increased their risk of engaging in early sexual intercourse. Females who reported a preference for watching television programs that show sex were more likely to ever have sex than their counterparts, more likely to have more than one partner during the past three months, and more likely to use condoms.
Inositol triphosphate-induced Ca2+ release from human platelet membranes

Abstract Inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate (IP 3 ) was observed to induce release of sequestered Ca 2+ from crude human platelet membranes. This activity was also shown to be present in purified membranes enriched in Ca 2+ -ATPase activity. Maximal Ca 2+ release occurred at 8 μM IP 3 and half maximal activity was at 0.4 μM. Release was quite rapid and was complete by 40 s. Released Ca 2+ was pumped back into the membrane vesicles and the rate of this reuptake was increased by the presence of phosphate. These results demonstrate that internal platelet membranes that possess an active Ca 2+ -pump will release sequestered Ca 2+ in the presence of the second messenger IP 3 . IP 3 did not induce release of Ca 2+ from skeletal muscle sarcoplasmic reticulum when ATP was present.
Relating Adhesion and Cohesion of Asphalts to the Effect of Moisture on Laboratory Performance of Asphalt Mixtures

Antistripping additives and polymer modifications are two common modifiers used to improve the fundamental properties of asphalt binders as those properties relate to the performance of asphalt mixtures. Adhesion and cohesion are two important related properties of asphalt binders that can affect asphalt mixture performance before and after water conditioning. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of antistripping additives and polymers on the adhesion and cohesion of binders and to relate these effects to the performance of mixtures as measured in the laboratory before and after water conditioning. The performance tests of asphalt mixtures included indirect tensile strength, uniaxial compression permanent deformation, and Hamburg wheel tracking. Asphalt mixtures were produced with different modified binders and with two aggregate types. The binders were modified with antistripping additives and polymers and by chemical treatment and oxidization methods. Granite and limestone were selected...
Evaluation of a CCrMnNiSi pressure vessel steel using fracture mechanics and C-shaped specimens☆

Abstract The mechanical fracture toughness and subcritical crack growth properties of a CCrMnNiSi pressure vessel steel were evaluated using a compact specimen and a C-shaped specimen. It was determined that the material characteristics were highly directional. The transverse properties were generally below the longitudinal and differ by a factor of five in the reduction in area and a factor of at least two in fracture toughness. The crack growth characteristics were determined from the power relationship d a d n = A(ΔK) n and were found to have different rates in the three directions of the material.
Latino Urbanism: defining a cultural urban form

Over two days in May 2011, a symposium on the topic of ‘Latino Urbanism’ was convened at the Phoenix Urban Research Laboratory at Arizona State University to discuss how Latino-American culture is shaping urban form in the US. This paper reviews the primary themes and debates surrounding the idea of Latino Urbanism, many of which emerged during that event. All presentations from this conference were videotaped and can be viewed from the Phoenix Urban Research Lab website: http://purl.asu.edu/resources/initiatives-latino-urbanism-multimedia/latino-urbanism.
Quantitative assessment of structural damage in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities.

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the pattern of structural damage in the macula and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and scanning laser polarimetry (SLP-VCC) in glaucomatous eyes with localized visual field defects. Design Prospective, cross-sectional analysis. Methods Complete examination, automated achromatic perimetry (AAP), Stratus OCT imaging (512 A-scans) of the peripapillary retina and macula, and SLP-VCC imaging of the peripapillary RNFL were performed. Thickness values in the retinal segments associated with the visual field defect (glaucomatous segments) were compared with corresponding segments across the horizontal raphe (nonglaucomatous segments) and age-matched normal controls. Results Forty eyes of 40 patients (20 normal, 20 glaucomatous) were enrolled (mean age, 71 ± 10 years; range, 50 to 89). Mean RNFL thickness using SLP-VCC and OCT in the nonglaucomatous segments of glaucomatous eyes (54.0 ± 9.7 μm, 64.7 ± 19.0 μm) were significantly ( P = .009, P = .4) differences in the macular thickness measurements were observed between nonglaucomatous (239.0 ± 19.4 μm) and normal segments (243.5 ± 15.0 μm). Compared with age-matched controls, RNFL thickness in the nonglaucomatous segment was abnormal in 15 of 20 patients (75%) with SLP-VCC and in 18 of 20 patients (90%) with OCT. Macular thickness in the nonglaucomatous segment was abnormal in 11 of 20 patients (55%). Conclusions Diffuse RNFL and retinal ganglion cell loss is present in eyes with localized visual field abnormalities. Detection of localized changes in macular thickness is limited by measurement overlap among normal and glaucomatous eyes.
Semi-fused hexaphenyl hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene: a novel fluorophore from an intramolecular Scholl reaction

Abstract A semi-fused hexaphenyl hexabenzocoronene derivative (hexaphenyl-1/2HBC) was discovered and isolated from an intramolecular Scholl reaction of an oligo(ethyleneglycol) substituted hexabiphenylbenzene. This new derivative exhibits blue-shifted λ em and significantly enhanced fluorescence in dichloromethane compared to the completely cyclized hexaphenyl-HBC derivative.
High‐Frequency Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures via Indirect Solid Freeform Fabrication

The indirect solid freeform fabrication process is used to fabricate low-loss complex geometry periodic dielectrics for use in the microwave range. Relevant processing details, such as mold fabrication, slurry rheology, curing, and binder burnout, are discussed. Woodpile electromagnetic bandgap structures exhibiting a 40 dB well were shown to be operational at frequencies >110 GHz. Novel designs of planar periodic dielectric resonators with Q 965 at 33 GHz (Q ratio of the power stored to power lost in the resonator) were realized in alumina. Metallo-dielectric filters with lowinsertion loss were also created via ISFF; modeling of these structures using resistor-inductor-capacitor-equivalent circuit analysis was performed to calculate a Q of 645.