cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Influence of CO60 Gamma Irradiation on the Surface and Bulk Recombination Rates in Silicon

An experimental investigation has been conducted to determine the influence of Co60 gamma irradiation on the surface recombination velocity in 100 ohm-cm n- and p-type silicon. Utilization of the technique of photoconductive decay to measure the surface recombination velocity requires the knowledge of the bulk minority carrier lifetime in the material. For completeness, the effects of the irradiation on this material parameter are also presented. When etched samples of n-type float zone refined phosphorous doped silicon were irradiated with Co60 gamma rays, the surface recombination velocity exhibited a relative minimum as a function of the total gamma ray exposure dosage. In general, the surface recombination velocity was strongly influenced by the gamma irradiation for n-type material. The surface recombination velocity of irradiated samples of p-type float zone refined boron doped silicon seemed to be only slightly sensitive to gamma radiation. The velocity was a very slowly monotonically increasing function of total gamma ray flux. In order to explain these observed variations of surface recombination velocity, a more complete mathematical model was formulated. The model includes the contribution due to recombination in the space charge layer near the surface to the effective surface recombination velocity at the beginning of this space charge region. Use of this model allowed the correlation of experimental and theoretical values of surface recombination velocity. When bulk minority carrier lifetime versus reciprocal temperature data was curve-fitted to the Shockley-Read lifetime, the position of the radiation-induced bulk recombination center in the forbidden region could be determined.
THE INFLUENCE OF DIET UPON THE REGENERATION OF SERUM PROTEIN : I. STANDARDIZATION OF EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUE.

Page 889, 16th line from bottom, for 52.1 read 56.4; for 22.7 read 27.0. 13th line from bottom, for 43 read 52. 7th line from bottom, for 13.0 read 17.8. 6th line from bottom, for 29 read 40. Page 890, 3rd line from the top, for 12.5 read 13.3. 4th line from the top, for "This value, approximately 34 per cent of the total circulating serum protein, agrees very well with those recorded for dogs 3 and 4," read "This value is approximately 36 per cent of the total circulating serum protein. During the initial depletion week, 38.0 gm. of serum protein were removed from this animal." 20th line from top, for 30 to 40 read 35 to 55. Page 895, 2nd line in 3rd paragraph under Summary, for 30 to 40 read 35 to 55.
Library notes made in Trinidad onHevea

From May 3 to 11, 1947, I was in Port-ofSpain, Trinidad, and in the surrounding area and invested some hours in the Library of the Department of Agriculture to do selective reading on Hevea, especially of publications emanating from the Royal Botanic Gardens. Summarized here are some of the notes which seem to have historical importance. These Gardens, founded in 1818, had over the years prospered and served to introduce many plants into Trinidad. At the time of my visit, however, the Gardens were largely neglected, and there were no signs of plans for their rejuvenation. H. Prestoe and J. H. Hart had been superintendents of the Gardens during the years that were of interest to me, and the writings of these men are a good source of information about Hevea. Mr. Prestoe, in his report on the Gardens for 1880, said that two plants of H. brasiliensis received in 1876 from Kew-undoubtedly Wickham's-were, at the time of his writing, over 20 feet high, and, in his report for 1882, he stated that all the Hevea trees were "thriving to perfection." Demerara rubber, brought by Prestoe in 1879 from the Mazaruni District of British Guiana (and identified by him as H. Spruceana), grew more slowly than H. brasiliensis, and the latex turned yellow or brown immediately on exposure to the air and appeared to him to produce rubber of "excellent quality." He remarked that his observations were at variance in this respect from those of the Superintendent of the new Demerara Gardens. In his report for 1898, Mr. Hart noted that seed of H. brasiliensis were offered in France at ?40 per thousand or 10 d. each; in Ceylon at ? 3 per thousand, with packing and freight extra. He recorded that a tree of H. confusa had fruited, with seed larger, more angular, and with a softer testa than that of H. brasiliensis; that two plants of an
Roles of ectodermal and endodermal epithelial cells in hydra morphogenesis: Analysis of chimeras

Chimeric hydra were constructed from ectoderm of one strain and endoderm of a morphologically different strain. Body size and budding rate were assayed in three pairs of ectoderm/endoderm chimeras, which were chosen on the basis of their differences in size and budding rates. Reciprocal chimeras of one parental pair were the same size as their endodermal parent, while chimeras of another pair were closer to the ectodermal parents in size. Chimeras of the third pair were similar to one another in size, and intermediate in size between the parental strains. The budding rates of the three reciprocal pairs were similar to their ectodermal parents. This suggests that ectoderm exerts more influence than endoderm on budding rate, while both ectoderm and endoderm are capable of influencing the size of a hydra. The morphology of these three pairs of reciprocal chimeras and of a fourth pair of chimeras constructed from normal H. attenuata and a mutant strain which produces multiple basal discs were compared to the parental morphologies. Both ectoderm and endoderm contribute to the morphology of the chimeric strains.
Anchored cAMP signaling: Onward and upward - A short history of compartmentalized cAMP signal transduction

Intracellular signal transduction pathways require a high degree of spatial and temporal resolution in order to deliver the appropriate outputs. Specific signaling mediated by the ubiquitous second messenger cAMP and its effector, the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), is governed by the spatial organization of different pathway components by A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). This review discusses the history and future of anchored cAMP signaling pathways.
Zero Vibration position control of a spherical pendulum for control systems demonstration

This paper presents the control design and interface implementation of a spherical pendulum system for control education demonstration. The Zero Vibration input shaper is implemented in the robot controller to minimize command induced cable swing. To maximize user perception, the interface is developed on a LabVIEW environment within a standard PC which is interface to the robot controller by a T1 connection. The system demonstration enables a broad range of audience to appreciate control systems and its effects in improving system performance.
Concentration of Ce3+ and Oxygen Vacancies in Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Temperature variations of the electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectra and magnetization measurements are used to show that Ce3+ ions in concentration ≃18% are present in 3 nm CeO2 nanoparticles supported on silica aerogel. It is argued that the presence of Ce3+ implies the defect structure CeO2-x for ceria nanoparticles due to oxygen vacancies. This transformation of Ce4+ to Ce3+ driven by oxygen vacancies may be the key to understanding the catalytic properties of ceria.
Optimal pupil screen design for the estimation of partially coherent images

The effectiveness of optical preprocessing is examined for image-estimation applications. The problem is to design the pupil of the imaging system so that the detected image is the minimum-mean-square-error estimate of the desired image. The designs of several optimal pupil screens are presented. These designs demonstrate that both the optimum pupil screen and the effectiveness of optical preprocessing are functions of the statistics of the signal and the noise and of the coherence of the object illumination. The results indicate that preprocessing is more effective for coherent systems than for incoherent systems.
Difluorophosphaazirine and other CF2NP isomers

Abstract Stationary points on the lowest energy spin-singlet potential energy surface of CF 2 NP are characterized using correlated ab initio electronic structure methods. The geometrical parameters and harmonic vibrational frequencies of six new local minima, besides the previously studied cyanodifluorophosphine, are identified at the MP2/cc-pVDZ level. Relative energies are obtained at the CCSD(T)/cc-pVTZ level. It is shown that difluorophosphaazirine, isocyanodifluorophosphine and one additional isomer are stable, relative to dissociation products. Two of the six new isomers are metastable, and the remaining isomer is nearly isenergetic with the dissociation products. All relevant isomerization transition states have been located and show that the three thermodynamically stable isomers may also be expected to be reasonably stable kinetically.
Dynamic decision support through instantiation of UEML representations

The resulting system inherits (on demand) from representations developed and maintained by partners engaged in business alliances.
Wernicke’s Encephalopathy After Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Misdiagnosed Complication

elucidation. The proclamation that the half-life of thiamine is 10 to 20 days is inaccurate, and this should be corrected. Thiamine deficiency leads to brain lesions—usually constrained to selective, vulnerable regions, with high thiamine content and turnover—within 2– 3w eeks [2]. This timescale is related to the time necessary to deplete the body’s stores of thiamine which is only sufficient for up to 18 days [3]. The half-life of thiamine after IV administration is 96 min, while the elimination half-life after oral administration is 154 min [4]. This short half-life necessitates the administration of thiamine three times per day for patients with Wernicke encephalopathy and those at risk of developing it. This thrice daily dosing is mandatory when supplementation is administered orally because the absorption of thiamine in the duodenum is regulated by a rate-limiting process. The calculated maximum amount of thiamine that can be absorbed from a single oral dose in healthy individuals is about 4.5 mg, whereas in a patient with chronic malnutrition this amount can be reduced by up to 70% [5].
Estimating discount rates for environmental quality from utility-based choice experiments

We estimate rates of time preference using a utility-based choice experiment administered to a nationally representative sample of 2,914 respondents. For the full sample, the rate of time preference is very high for immediate benefits and drops off substantially thereafter, which is inconsistent with exponential discounting but consistent with hyperbolic discounting. Estimates of the hyperbolic discounting parameter range from 0.48 to 0.61. Visitors to water bodies have low rates of discount but exhibit hyperbolic discounting, whereas those who do not visit have consistently high rates of discount and low valuations of water quality.
STEPS for cost-effective prescribing of serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in major depressive disorder: Focus on venlafaxine (Effexor®) versus duloxetine (Cymbalta®)

Selection of an antidepressant medication is based on various factors, such as safety, tolerability, and cost. This article reviews the cost-effectiveness of the different serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs).
Transient behavior of processes in the tcp paradigm

This article derives the transient behavior of the stochastic process X(t) for which in earlier articles it was proven that for α<1, the process (X(t))1/(1−α) (approximately, under low drop probability or ECN marking probability) describes the behavior of the congestion windows in certain transport protocols in the so-called TCP paradigm. The transient distribution is found explicitly and is particularly transparent for moments like E[(X(t))k |X(0)]. The purpose of this article is to be part of the mathematical foundation when comparing the many protocols in the TCP paradigm.
Exercise training-induced adaptations in mediators of sustained endothelium-dependent coronary artery relaxation in a porcine model of ischemic heart disease.

Objective The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that exercise training enhances sustained relaxation to persistent endothelium-dependent vasodilator exposure via increased nitric oxide contribution in small coronary arteries of control and ischemic hearts. Methods Yucatan swine were designated to a control group or a group in which an ameroid constrictor was placed around the proximal LCX. Subsequently, pigs from both groups were assigned to exercise (five days/week; 16 weeks) or SED regimens. Coronary arteries (~100–350 μm) were isolated from control pigs and from both nonoccluded and collateral-dependent regions of chronically-occluded hearts. Results In arteries from control pigs, training significantly enhanced relaxation responses to increasing concentrations of bradykinin (10−10–10−7 M) and sustained relaxation to a single bradykinin concentration (30 nM), which were abolished by NOS inhibition. Training also significantly prolonged bradykinin-mediated relaxation in collateral-dependent arteries of occluded pigs, which was associated with more persistent increases in endothelial cellular Ca2+ levels, and reversed with NOS inhibition. Protein levels for eNOS and p-eNOS-(Ser1179), but not caveolin-1, Hsp90, or Akt, were significantly increased with occlusion, independent of training state. Conclusions Exercise training enhances sustained relaxation to endothelium-dependent agonist stimulation in small arteries of control and ischemic hearts by enhanced nitric oxide contribution and endothelial Ca2+ responses.
COMPUTER-ASSISTED ANALYSIS OF LEUKOEMBOLI FORMATION

An intravital microscopic system (equipped with computer-assisted analytical and graphic capabilities) has been designed and built for in vivo leukoemboli investigations. Sprague-Dawley rates were set up for intravital manipulation and microvascular documentation. Fluorescein-tagged leukocytes, prepared before experimentation, were injected intravenously into the rats. With epi-violet irradiation, the fluorescein-tagged leukocytes were activated to fluoresce and their in vivo movement characteristics were videotaped by intravital microscopy with a S.I.T, videocamera. Endotoxin-activated plasma (or zymosan-activated plasma) was then administered intravenously into the rats and the resulting leukoembolization (leukoemboli formation) and later deembolization were videotaped. Analysis and quantification were carried out by computer-assisted micro-image-processing. Video signals were digitized at a resolution of 240 × 320 pixels and at 256 gray levels with a Datacube analog/digital converter which was put on l...
The viscosity of CH4, CF4 and SF6 over a range of temperatures

Abstract The paper contains new measurements of the low-density vicosity of CH4 (25–200°C), CF4 (25–600°C) and SF6 (25–300°C). It is believed that the data are accurate to ±0.1% at 25°C and to ±0.3% at 600°C. The data can be interpolated (and, probably, also extrapolated) with the aid of our extensive law of corresponding states formulated earlier in this laboratory.
On the replication of Escherichia coli DNA

0701 07 1. Evidence is presented that the chromosome of Escherichia coli is non-covalently bonded to a rapidly sedimenting, lipoprotein cellular component. This lipoprotein component is thought to be the cytoplasmic membrane. 2. Two alternative models for the replication of membrane-associated bacterial DNA are presented, accompanied by experimental evidence in support of one of the models. The replication of E. coli DNA is thought to be carried out by a replication complex which is not associated with the cytoplasmic membrane. Instead, the chromosome is attached at one or more sites to the cytoplasmic membrane and is stationary while the mobile replication complex proceeds sequentially during the replication process. 3. A method is described for disrupting the cytoplasmic membrane such that submembrane complexes, containing a fragment of DNA, protein and lipid, are produced. Some of the properties of these complexes have been studied.
THERMAL DISPERSION AND HEAT TRANSFER IN NONISOTHERMAL BUBBLE COLUMNS

Abstract Local axial and radial temperatures were measured at steady-state conditions in a 0.078-m-I.D. bubble column heat exchanger. Nitrogen and water superficial velocity ranges were 0-0.6 m/s and 0-0.02 m/s, respectively. Average column pressures were 3.0, 5.1, and 7.1 atm. The axial temperature profile varied significantly with all conditions encountered. Radial temperature profiles were found to be nearly constant, indicating very good radial mixing. An axial thermal dispersion heat transfer model, capable of representing nonisothermal systems, was employed to characterize the measured bubble column temperature profiles. Thermal dispersion was apparent from large temperature changes in the entrance of the bubble column. Heat transfer coefficients depended on the gas and liquid flow rates. However, the thermal dispersion coefficients depended on linear gas velocity and were a weak function of liquid flow rates. The thermal dispersion coefficients obtained in this study were found to be consistent wit...
The emergence of evolutionary biology of behaviour in the early nineteenth century.

The sciences of ethology and sociobiology have as premisses that certain dispositions and behavioural patterns have evolved with species and, therefore, that the acts of individual animals and men must be viewed in light of innate determinates. These ideas are much older than the now burgeoning disciplines of the biology of behaviour. Their elements were fused in the early constructions of evolutionary theory, and they became integral parts of the developing conception. Historians, however, have usually neglected close examination of the role behaviour has played in the rise of evolutionary thought.
Mycoplasma-Associated Stevens–Johnson Syndrome in Children: Retrospective Review of Patients Managed With or Without Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Systemic Corticosteroids, or a Combination of Therapies

Administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) to patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) has been controversial. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of IVIG, systemic corticosteroids, or both in treating Mycoplasma pneumoniae-associated SJS (mpSJS). Retrospective series of 10 pediatric mpSJS cases were stratified into four treatment groups: IVIG alone, IVIG and systemic corticosteroids together, systemic corticosteroids alone, and supportive care. The efficacy of therapy was evaluated on the basis of several proxies of disease severity, including hospital length of stay (LOSt ) and number of febrile days (Febt ) after initiation of therapy. Patients treated with IVIG alone had a longer LOSt and more Febt , despite different baseline characteristics, than patients treated with supportive therapy. Of patients who received IVIG, 50% were treated with corticosteroids concurrently and had similar characteristics of disease severity but showed a non-statistically significant trend toward shorter LOSt and fewer Febt than those who received IVIG alone. A patient treated with corticosteroids alone had the shortest LOSt in this series. Therefore treatment with IVIG alone was associated with a more severe disease course than supportive therapy, although causality cannot be inferred given possible confounding by indication. When systemic corticosteroids were used alone or in conjunction with IVIG, hospital LOSt and Febt trended lower than with the use of IVIG alone, although disease severity at baseline was similar between those treated with IVIG and corticosteroids concurrently and those treated with IVIG alone. It was thus concluded that treatment with systemic corticosteroids as monotherapy or in combination with IVIG may be preferable to IVIG alone. Further large-scale studies are warranted to evaluate this hypothesis.
Relationship between solar wind low-energy energetic ion enhancements and large geomagnetic storms

[1] It is well established that energetic ion enhancements (an energetic ion enhancement will hereafter be referred to as an EIE) are partly due to acceleration by interplanetary shocks as the shocks propagate towards Earth and that arrivals of these shocks at Earth are well associated with geomagnetic storms. The observation of EIEs at satellites located at L1 is a potential tool for predicting the arrival of interplanetary shocks hours before they arrive at L1. Following an earlier study using WIND satellite data [Smith and Zwickl, 1999], we evaluate the potential of EIEs for forecasting geomagnetic storms during the period of February 1998 through December 2000. Since there are many more EIEs than large geomagnetic storms, additional associations that might improve the identification of precursors of large storms were investigated. These included probable solar sources, accompanying interplanetary shocks, and the shocks' interplanetary drivers. Solar images and data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and WIND satellites were used. The Potsdam Kp was used to specify geomagnetic storm severity. Almost all large geomagnetic storms (Kp ≥ 7) in this time period were preceded by EIEs that were associated with shocks driven by transient interplanetary disturbances. The converse is not true. Although most transient-associated EIEs were followed by some geomagnetic activity, there is a large span in the response. Most (95%) of EIEs with maximum flux ≥1.105 pfu were followed by activity with Kp > 4 and 80% by storms with Kp ≥ 5. For a threshold of 3.105 pfu, 67% of the large storms would be identified, 89% of the EIEs were followed by storms with Kp ≥ 5, and 53% by large storms (Kp ≥ 7). Using the additional information on the interplanetary drivers results in an increase in the correctly predicted events from 53% to 61%. For a threshold of 1.106 pfu, all (100%) EIEs were followed by storms with Kp ≥ 5, 76% of the events were correctly predicted but 16 of the 30 large storms were missed. Most of the EIEs were followed by significant periods of southward Bz and in close to 70% of the EIEs, the Bz following the EIE was first northward before turning southward. We also investigated the relationship of the EIEs to halo or partial-halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and found that EIE events associated with halo CMEs are more likely to be followed by a large geomagnetic storm, but a lack of halo or partial-halo CME association does not preclude the occurrence of a large geomagnetic storm.
Inferring the Linear Power Spectrum from the Lyα Forest

We discuss the determination of the linear power spectrum of dark matter fluctuations from measurements of the transmitted flux Ly? forest power spectrum. We show that on most scales probed by current measurements, the flux power spectrum is significantly affected by nonlinear corrections to the linear dark matter power spectrum due to gravitational clustering. Inferring the linear dark matter power spectrum shape is therefore difficult due to nonlinear corrections driving the nonlinear power spectrum to a k-1.4 shape nearly independent of initial conditions. We argue that some methods used in previous estimates underestimate the uncertainties in the shape of the linear dark matter power spectrum.
On the binding energy of Hen+, for n = 2–7

The atomization energy of small positively charged He clusters has been studied using ab initio methods that include correlation. The atomization energy increases monotonically with cluster size. The inclusion of correlation changes the nature of the bonding and hence changes the structure of the most stable cluster.
A Comparative Study of the Perceptions of Teacher Preparation Faculty and School Superintendents regarding the Criticisms Made against Teacher Preparation Programs

Abstract Blackwell, Futrell, and Imig (2003), in their article “Burnt Water Paradoxes of Schools of Education,” present a dismal picture of the challenges and inconsistencies facing schools, colleges, and departments of education. These criticisms have accelerated over the past few years and have been fueled by the current federal government's position on teacher preparation institutions. It is around these criticisms that we have focused our research for the purpose of comparing the perceptions of professional educators in higher education to those of superintendents in the state of North Carolina. Our results indicate a discrepancy in the perceptions of the two groups, with superintendents advocating redesigning teacher preparation programs and with faculty defending their current practice. Superintendents want preparation embedded in school practice, and faculty fear that the theoretical and philosophical framework would be lost in such a design. We conclude that schools and universities need to collab...
“You say you want an evolution…” The emerging UC libraries shared collection

For almost three decades now, the University of California (UC) libraries have worked together closely to ensure that all UC faculty, students, and staff have access to eminent library collections. To this end, UC's libraries have pursued a variety of initiatives for coordinating the acquisition, sharing, and preservation of campus collection resources. The Shared Purchase Program (now known as the Shared Collections and Access Program or SCAP) was established in 1976 to provide joint funding for library materials too costly for a single campus to buy. Since the mid-1980s, groups of bibliographers have worked to coordinate acquisitions activities system-wide, and the early 1990s saw the development of licensing for shared bibliographic databases to journal literature. This paper will discuss UC's latest initiative—the investigation of how the campus' two regional storage facilities (Regional Library Facilities or RLFs) can serve as repositories for both shared and stored collections.
Validation of an abbreviated version of the Denver HIV risk score for prediction of HIV infection in an urban ED.

Abstract Objective We sought to evaluate the performance of an abbreviated version of the Denver HIV Risk Score in 2 urban emergency departments (ED) with known high undiagnosed HIV prevalence. Methods We performed a secondary analysis of data collected prospectively between November 2005 and December 2009 as part of an ED-based nontargeted rapid HIV testing program from 2 sites. Demographics; HIV testing history; injection drug use; and select high-risk sexual behaviors, including men who have sex with men, were collected by standardized interview. Information regarding receptive anal intercourse and vaginal intercourse was either not collected or collected inconsistently and was thus omitted from the model to create its abbreviated version. Results The study cohort included 15 184 patients with 114 (0.75%) newly diagnosed with HIV infection. HIV prevalence was 0.41% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21%-0.71%) for those with a score less than 20, 0.29% (95% CI, 0.14%-0.52%) for those with a score of 20 to 29, 0.65% (95% CI, 0.48%-0.87%) for those with a score of 30 to 39, 2.38% (95% CI, 1.68%-3.28%) for those with a score of 40 to 49, and 4.57% (95% CI, 2.09%-8.67%) for those with a score of 50 or higher. External validation resulted in good discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.71-0.79). The calibration regression slope was 0.92 and its R2 was 0.78. Conclusions An abbreviated version of the Denver HIV Risk Score had comparable performance to that reported previously, offering a promising alternative strategy for HIV screening in the ED where limited sexual risk behavior information may be obtainable.
Monte Carlo simulation schemes for steady kinetic equations

The paper is concerned with the justification of Monte Carlo simulation schemes for the solution of nonlinear kinetic equations via time averaging. Some results obtained recently about systematic e...
Interpretation and Nomenclature for the Transmittance vs. Voltage Curves for LCDs

Abstract Like other fields that rpidly change from academic to commercial interest, therest, there is a need for standardization of nomenclature in liquid crystal technology. A case in point involves the interpretative features of the transmittance vs. voltage curves for 90[ddot] twisted field effect LCDs. It will be shown that a semi-logarithmic plot is far superior to the linear plot. Considerations must be given to the pronounced interferences that are introduced by internal reflection at the electrodeliquid crystal interfaces when using monochromatic light. Measurements should be made with polars both crossed and parallel. The features of these plots that have offered varying definitions and measurement details are: (1) zero field transmittance, (2) threshold or critical voltage, (3) interference fringes, (4) 90% turn-on voltage, and (5) saturation voltage. The usual practice of attributing threshold voltage solely to elastic constants and dielectric anisotropy overlooks the dominating factor of surfa...
Map-based cloning in crop plants: tomato as a model system II. Isolation and characterization of a set of overlapping yeast artificial chromosomes encompassing the jointless locus

A map-based cloning technique for crop plants is being developed using tomato as a model system. The target gene jointless is a recessive mutation that completely suppresses the formation of flower and fruit pedicel abscission zones. Previously, the jointless locus was mapped to a 3 cM interval between the two molecular markers TG523 and RPD158. Physical mapping of the jointless region by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis demonstrated that TG523 and RPD158 reside on a 600 kb SmaI fragment. In this study, TG523 was used as a probe to screen a tomato yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library. Six tomato YAC (TY) clones were isolated, ranging from 220 to 380 kb in size. Genetic mapping of YAC ends demonstrated that this set of overlapping YACs encompasses the jointless locus. Two YAC ends, TY159L (L indicates left end) and TY143R (R indicates right end), cosegregate with the jointless locus. Only one of the six YACs (TY142) contained single-copy DNA sequences at both ends that could be mapped. The two ends of TY142 were mapped to either side of the jointless locus, indicating that TY142 contains a contiguous 285 kb tomato DNA fragment that probably includes the jointless locus. Physical mapping of the TY142 clone revealed that TY159L and TY143R reside on a 55 kb SalI fragment. Southern blot hybridization analysis of the DNAs of tomato lines nearly isogenic for the jointless mutation has allowed localization of the target locus to a region of less than 50 kb within the TY142 clone.
Cartesian Based Finite Volume Formulation for LES of Mixed Convection in a Vertical Turbulent Pipe Flow

A numerical study was performed to investigate the effects of heating and buoyancy on the turbulent structures and transport in turbulent pipe flow. Isoflux wall boundary conditions with low and high heating were imposed. The compressible filtered Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a second order accurate finite volume method. Low Mach number preconditioning was used to enable the compressible code to work efficiently at low Mach numbers. A dynamic subgrid-scale stress model accounted for the subgrid-scale turbulence. The results showed that strong heating caused distortions of the flow structures resulting in reduction of turbulent intensities, shear stresses, and turbulent heat flux, particularly near the wall. The effect of heating was to raise the mean streamwise velocity in the central region and reduce the velocity near the wall resulting in velocity distributions that resembled laminar profiles for the high heating case.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Learning by Association? Interorganizational Networks and Adaptation to Environmental Change

A study of 230 private colleges over 16 turbulent years supports two arguments: (1) Strong ties to other organizations mitigate uncertainty and promote adaptation by increasing communication and in...
Simply Connected Compact Subsets of the Plane

Abstract If the condition of path-connectedness in the definition of simple-connectedness is relaxed, the concept of a set with no holes arises. A natural rank function is defined on the set NH of all compact sets with no holes in the plane. The rank function is obtained by associating a sequence of well-founded trees with each set in NH. It provides a natural measure of the complexity of these sets. It is also shown that the rank function is unbounded in ω1 on the set SC of all compact simply connected sets in the plane. From this it will follow that NH and SC are not Borel subsets of the Polish space K( R 2) of all compact sets in the plane.
Thinking Strategically: Academic–Practice Relationships: One Health System's Experience

Strategic planning and joint leverage of the strengths inherent in the academic and practice arenas of nursing are imperative to confront the challenges facing the profession of nursing and its place within the healthcare team of the future. This article presents a description and discussion of the implementation of several academic-practice partnership initiatives by Meridian Health, a health system located in central New Jersey. Included in the strategies discussed are creation of a support program for nonprofessional employees to become registered nurses; active partnership in the development of an accelerated BSN program; construction of support systems and academic partnerships for staff participation in RN-to-BSN programs; construction of on-site clinical simulation laboratories to foster interprofessional learning; and the implementation of a new BSN program, the first and only generic BSN program in two counties of the state. Outcomes of these academic-practice partnerships also are presented, including number of participants; graduation and NCLEX-RN pass rates; MH nurse vacancy rates; and nurse retention rates after first employment.
Cultured Human Skin: Heterotransplantation

We have reported that human skin, cultured in a controlled environment system (steady state), yields epidermis-like growth from adult donor split thickness specimens. A procedure for transplantation o
Prostanoids and hypothermic renal preservation injury.

Abstract The effect of 48 hours of hypothermic renal ischemia utilizing Euro-Collins flush and short term reperfusion on renal prostaglandin synthesis was studied in dogs. Hypothermic ischemia followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion in-vivo resulted in significant elevations in renal Thromboxane B 2 (TXB 2 ) production in the outer cortex, inner cortex, and medulla, relative to non-ischemic kidneys. Prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and 6-keto Prostaglandin F 1α (6-K PGF 1α ) production were not significantly affected by ischemia and reperfusion. Enhanced TXB 2 saturated buffer, indicating a blood born source or stimuli. Early postreperfusion renal blood flow after hypothermic ischemia followed a biphasic pattern; blood flow increased for the first 10 minutes of reperfusion to achieve normal values, and then steadily declined over the next 20 minutes. This pattern was not altered by the cyclooxygenase inhibitors Indomethacin (5 mg/kg, P.O.) or Mefenamic acid (10 mg/kg, I.V.). Administration of the TXA 2 synthesis inhibitor CGS-12970 (3 mg/kg, I.V.) or the TXA 2 /endoperoxide receptor antagonist SQ-29548 (80 μg/min, I.A.) significantly increased renal blood flow during reperfusion but neither agent altered the basic time dependent pattern observed in the control group. These data indicate that 48 hours of hypothermic renal ischemia results in dramatic changes in intrarenal TXA 2 synthesis at the time of reperfusion. Enhanced TXA 2 production is not dependent on reoxygenation per se, but rather requires reperfusion with blood suggesting a circulatory source. Altered renal prostanoid production does not appear to play a role in postreperfusion vasoconstriction but inhibition of TXA 2 synthesis or receptor activation unmasks a hyperdynamic renal blood flow state during reperfusion after 48 hours of hypothermic ischemia.
The effect of pressure on the absorption edge in silver halides

Abstract The absorption edge of AgCl, AgBr and AgI has been measured to over 200,000 atmospheres. The behavior of AgCl and AgBr is quite similar with pressure. There is a small red shift in the low pressure (f.c.c.) phase, a transition at 87,000 (83,000) atmospheres, probably to the simple cubic phase, accompanied by a large red shift, and a further small red shift, at higher pressures. The behavior of AgI is quite different. The atmospheric (wurtzite) phase transforms to the f.c.c. at 2900 atmospheres with a large red shift. The f.c.c. shifts red very strongly with pressure to 112,000 atmospheres, where there is a second phase change accompanied by a large blue shift. There is a further small red shift at high pressures. A peak which appears at 423 mμ (428 mμ) in AgI at atmospheric pressure has been attributed by Seitz to a forbidden internal transition in the Ag+ ion, which is permitted by the symmetry of the wurtzite lattice. The peak disappears in the high pressure phase, which is consistent with Seitz' theory.
Logarithmic Power-Frequency: An Alternative Method for Emg-Based Fatigue Assessment:

The purpose of this study was to explore different methods of processing EMG signals with a goal of obtaining more sensitive measures of fatigue. Two groups of 28 and 16 participants performed isom...
Cashing out food stamps: Impacts on food expenditures and diet quality

On July 1, 1982, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico implemented a cash food assistance program, known as the Nutrition Assistance Program, as a replacement for the existing Food Stamp Program. The Nutrition Assistance Program differs from the former Puerto Rico Food Stamp Program in two important respects: cash replaced coupons as the form of issuance and eligibility standards and benefits were reduced to bring program costs into line with a reduced funding level. Based on household food use survey data collected before and after the introduction of the Nutrition Assistance Program, this paper examines the program's impacts on household food expenditures and diet quality. The results of the analysis indicate that the cashing out of food stamp benefits in Puerto Rico had virtually no impact on food expenditures and diet quality, while restrictions on eligibility and benefits under the Nutrition Assistance Program caused a decline in the money value of food used at home of about 2 percent and reductions in the availability of food energy and five specific nutrients ranging from 1.8 to 3.2 percent of the adult male Recommended Dietary Allowances.
Probing the subband structure of a wide electron system in a parabolic quantum well via capacitance-voltage measurements.

Low-temperature capacitance-voltage measurements in an electron system realized in a remotely doped, wide AlGaAs parabolic quantum well show small (\ensuremath{\sim}1%) capacitance steps whose positions coincide with the calculated and independently measured front gate voltages at which the electric subbands are depopulated. The step positions respond to an applied in-plane magnetic field or a back-gate bias, in a manner consistent with the magnetic or electric depopulation of the subbands, respectively. We conclude that these steps are indeed related to the subband structure of the electron system.
An epigenetic view of helper T cell differentiation

Antigen and cytokine receptor signals act in synergy to direct the differentiation of CD4+ T cells. These signals initiate reciprocal activation and silencing of the interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin 4 (IL-4) cytokine gene loci, changes that are heritably maintained in the resulting T helper type 1 (T(H)1) or T(H)2 cells and their progeny. Early, unpolarized transcription and chromatin remodeling of the poised cytokine genes of naive T cells is followed by consolidation and spreading of epigenetic changes and the establishment of self-reinforcing transcription factor networks. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that establish and maintain polarized cytokine gene expression, and thus the cellular identity of differentiated helper T cells.
Hardware-based artificial neural networks for size, weight, and power constrained platforms

A fully parallel, silicon-based artificial neural network (CM1K) built on zero instruction set computer (ZISC) technology was used for change detection and object identification in video data. Fundamental pattern recognition capabilities were demonstrated with reduced neuron numbers utilizing only a few, or in some cases one, neuron per category. This simplified approach was used to validate the utility of few neuron networks for use in applications that necessitate severe size, weight, and power (SWaP) restrictions. The limited resource requirements and massively parallel nature of hardware-based artificial neural networks (ANNs) make them superior to many software approaches in resource limited systems, such as micro-UAVs, mobile sensor platforms, and pocket-sized robots.
TOWARD COMMUNITY GENOMICS

Having posited the idea that community genetics may be an important and rich area for scientific enquiry, I unfortunately couldn't find an excuse to decline the invitation to provide a commentary on the two papers featured in this issue of Ecology that use the concept of community genetics as a unifying theme! Perhaps in part reflecting some healthy skepticism on his part, the editor also asked me to comment on the issue of
Extensible component-based architecture for FLASH, a massively parallel, multiphysics simulation code

FLASH is a publicly available high performance application code which has evolved into a modular, extensible software system from a collection of unconnected legacy codes. FLASH has been successful because its capabilities have been driven by the needs of scientific applications, without compromising maintainability, performance, and usability. In its newest incarnation, FLASH3 consists of inter-operable modules that can be combined to generate different applications. The FLASH architecture allows arbitrarily many alternative implementations of its components to co-exist and interchange with each other, resulting in greater flexibility. Further, a simple and elegant mechanism exists for customization of code functionality without the need to modify the core implementation of the source. A built-in unit test framework providing verifiability, combined with a rigorous software maintenance process, allow the code to operate simultaneously in the dual mode of production and development. In this paper we describe the FLASH3 architecture, with emphasis on solutions to the more challenging conflicts arising from solver complexity, portable performance requirements, and legacy codes. We also include results from user surveys conducted in 2005 and 2007, which highlight the success of the code.
American Experiences with Alcohol

This book offers unusual strengths in several fields: It is a collection that sheds new light on important aspects of American culture; it incorporates a variety of fresh approaches that anthropologists have only recently brought to bear on the study of alcohol use and its outcomes; and it gives us insights into the several meanings of alcoholism that have rarely been articulated, despite the enormous volume of literature that exists on the subject. The contributions all appear here for the first time, and they are presented in styles that are clear and generally concise and well organized, without being monotonous or formulaic.
Evolution of isolated halos and halos inside of groups and clusters in a LCDM model

A significant fraction of mass in the universe is believed to be in the form of dark matter (DM). Due to gravitational instability, the DM collapses hierarchically into DM halos. In this contribution we present a study of the formation and evolution of such DM halos in a COBE-normalized spatially flat LCDM model (Omega_0=1-Omega_L=0.3; h=0.7) using high-resolution N-body simulations. The novelty of this study is use of the newly developed halo-finding algorithms to study the evolution of both isolated and satellite (located inside virial radii of larger group- and cluster-size systems) halos. The force and mass resolution required for a simulated halo to survive in the high-density environments typical of groups and clusters is high: ~1-3 kpc and \~10^9 M_sun, respectively. We use the high-resolution Adaptive Refinement Tree (ART) N-body code to follow the evolution of 256^3 dark matter particles with dynamic range in spatial resolution of 32,000 in a box of 60/h Mpc. We show that the correlation function of these halos is anti-biased with respect to the dark matter correlation function and is high and steeper than the correlation function of the isolated virialized objects. The correlation function evolves only mildly between z=3 and z=1. The mass evolution of isolated virialized objects determined from the simulation is in good agreement with prediction of semi-analytical models. The differences exist, however, if we include satellite halos in the halo catalogs.
Nonsuppurative tenosynovitis secondary to foreign body migration

A patient developed tenosynovitis 3 months after lacerating the palmar wrist on a glass window. The symptoms resulted from migration of a glass fragment into the long finger flexor sheath.
Jak2 Inhibitors: Rationale and Role as Therapeutic Agents in Hematologic Malignancies

Although the Jak2-V617F mutation has generated strong awareness because of its causative role in myeloproliferative disorders, reports of Jak2 gene aberrations linked to hematologic malignancies have preceded those of V617F by nearly a decade. These malignant mutations include Jak2 amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, and chromosomal translocations. As a consequence, researchers are increasingly focused on identifying Jak2 inhibitors that suppress aberrant Jak2 kinase activity. Some of these inhibitors may one day become therapeutically beneficial for individuals with Jak2-related hematologic malignancies. This review summarizes various Jak2 mutations associated with hematologic malignancies and assesses some of the Jak2 inhibitors in the preclinical phase or in clinical trials. By reviewing these specific areas, we hope to have a better understanding of Jak2’s role in hematologic malignancies and to shed light on the utility of Jak2 inhibitors.
A Game/Simulation for Transportation Management

This paper describes a game/simulation designed to involve community members in the development and selection of Transportation System Management (TSM) strategies for solving neighborhood traffic problems. The simulation is designed to be an educational aid in a city neighborhood traffic management planning process. Through this game/simulation, participants will come to comprehend the large amount of data pertaining to the nature of neighborhood traffic problems, the characteristics of possible TSM solutions to these problems, and the impacts of these alternatives. This comprehension increases the game participants’ involvement in the neighborhood traffic management planning process. It also aids in resolving conflicting perspectives among community members who participate in the exercise. The exercise is capable of manual operation in its basic form; however, for computational purposes, it is presented on a microprocessor which speeds playing, reduces complexity of operation, and permits a more elaborate simulation. The prototypical game is calibrated with data for a selected neighborhood in Washington, D.C. However, the game can be easily modified to deal with simulations involving other communities.