cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Good” and the Things That are Good

The present study has as its focus Moore’s normative ethics; its aim is to elucidate and assess his account of the principles of right and wrong. It will be helpful, however, to begin with an exposition of Moore’s value theory. Accordingly, this first chapter presents Moore’s understanding of the meaning and nature of good and reviews his account of those things that are intrinsically valuable.
Review: The Librarian's Guide to Homelessness: An Empathy-Driven Approach to Solving Problems, Preventing Conflict, and Serving Everyone

A few years ago, on a job interview at a busy downtown library, the inevitable question, “Do you have any questions for us?” came up, and all that came to mind was, “How do you handle the problem o...
High-Intensity Aerobic Exercise Acutely Increases Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor.

Aerobic exercise (AEx) exerts antidepressant effects, although the neurobiological mechanisms underlying such effects are not well understood. Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and elevated cortisol have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression and appear to normalize with antidepressant treatment. Thus, BDNF and cortisol may serve as biological targets for developing AEx as an antidepressant treatment. Purpose This study examined the effects of AEx, of different intensities, on serum BDNF and cortisol in individuals with and without depression. Methods Thirteen participants with depression (10 females; age = 27.2 ± 6.9 yr; Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale = 21.7 ± 4.7) and 13 control participants (10 females; age 27.2 ± 7.2 yr; Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale = 0.5 ± 0.9) participated. Experimental visits consisted of 15 min of low-intensity cycling (LO) at 35% heart rate reserve, high-intensity cycling (HI) at 70% heart rate reserve, or sitting (CON). During each visit, blood samples were obtained at baseline, immediately postexercise (IP), and then every 15 min postexercise for 1 h (15P, 30P, 45P, and 60P). Group, condition, and time differences in BDNF and cortisol were assessed. Results There were no group differences in cortisol and BDNF. Secondary analysis revealed that BDNF increased in an intensity-dependent nature at IP, and cortisol was significantly elevated at 15P after HI. Changes in BDNF and cortisol showed significant linear relationships with changes in HR. Conclusion HI AEx can elicit acute, transient increases in BDNF and cortisol in young, healthy, and physically active, nondepressed and mild to moderately depressed individuals. This work suggests that AEx has potential to significantly affect the central nervous system function, and the magnitude of such effect may be directly driven by exercise intensity.
Increasing Online Engagement between the Public and the Legal Profession with Gamification

The purpose of this paper is to identify methods of increasing online engagement between the public and the legal profession for the purpose of increasing access to justice. In this paper, I provide a brief overview of the legal need that exists in America and look at who lawyers are trying to engage. This paper looks at the differences between online and face to face (FtF) engagement in terms of addressing legal needs and transferring skills and resources from online to the real world. This paper provides an introduction to the science behind increasing online engagement and specifically looks at gamification as a means to increasing online engagement. I provide case studies of some of the existing gamification, games, and simulations created for access to justice and lessons learned from these. In the conclusion, I propose methods for increasing online engagement between the public and legal service providers with gamification that might empower the public with legal education and assistance.
Children’s and Adults’ Math Attitudes Are Differentiated by Number Type

People’s attitudes toward mathematics are multifaceted. Across four studies, we found that children and adults have different attitudes about mathematics when asked specifically about whole numbers...
Interplay between DNA damage repair and apoptosis shapes cancer evolution through aneuploidy and microsatellite instability

Driver mutations and chromosomal aneuploidy are major determinants of tumorigenesis that exhibit complex relationships. Here, we identify associations between driver mutations and chromosomal aberrations that define two tumor clusters, with distinct regimes of tumor evolution underpinned by unique sets of mutations in different components of DNA damage response. Gastrointestinal and endometrial tumors comprise a separate cluster for which chromosomal-arm aneuploidy and driver mutations are mutually exclusive. The landscape of driver mutations in these tumors is dominated by mutations in DNA repair genes that are further linked to microsatellite instability. The rest of the cancer types show a positive association between driver mutations and aneuploidy, and a characteristic set of mutations that involves primarily genes for components of the apoptotic machinery. The distinct sets of mutated genes derived here show substantial prognostic power and suggest specific vulnerabilities of different cancers that might have therapeutic potential. The interplay between driver mutations and aneuploidy during tumorigenesis is largely unexplored. Here, the authors show two types of associations, leading to different therapeutic vulnerabilities and prognoses.
More than an Apple a Day: Factors Associated with Avoidance of Doctor Visits Among Transgender, Gender Nonconforming, and Nonbinary People in the USA

Transgender, gender non-conforming, and non-binary (TGNCNB) people commonly experience disrespect or discrimination from health care providers when attempting to utilize health care services and tend to avoid or postpone obtaining necessary care. Informed by Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use and Lerner and Robles’ Adapted Behavioral Model of Health Care Utilization among Transgender People, we examine avoidance of health care utilization among TGNCNB adults based on anticipated disrespect or mistreatment from doctors. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to analyze data from the 2015 United States Trans Survey (N = 27,715), the largest TGNCNB sample, to date, collected in 2015. A total of 21,930 participants were selected for the current study. Nearly one fourth (22%) of the sample reported not utilizing health care when necessary because they anticipated being disrespected or mistreated when visiting a doctor. Cost (OR = 2.51, CI = 2.32–2.72), invasive questions (OR = 2.38, CI = 2.16–2.63), refusal of care (OR = 2.20, CI = 1.78–2.71), being verbally harassed (OR = 2.18, CI = 1.86–2.56), and needing to educate a provider (OR = 1.89, CI = 1.73–2.07) were the strongest predictors of avoidance of health care utilization. Perceived doctor discriminatory behaviors, cost, need to educate a provider, verbal harassment, and perception of gender conformance are major barriers to TGNCNB people utilizing health care. Reducing transphobia among health professionals utilizing cultural safety by developing providers that are comfortable and affirming of TGNCNB people is critical. Federal policy, such as the Equality Act, is also vital so that transphobia is considered an illegal form of discrimination across the USA that will continue to discourage health insurance companies from denying claims for medically necessary, transition-related health care.
Effects of Orbit Variations and J2 Perturbations on a Class of Earth-Orbiting Interferometric Observatories

This paper revisits a class of Earth-orbiting interferometric observatories introduced previously and reviews the general procedures to achieve wave-number plane coverage. The effect of eccentric spacecraft trajectories and gravity field J2 perturbations on wave-number plane coverage are considered. Conditions for complete wave-number plane coverage are found for certain classes of orbit perturbations. This analysis leads to design criteria for interferometric observatories that ensure wave-number plane coverage as a function of perturbation strength.
Can We Stratify Quality and Cost for Older Patients With Proximal and Midshaft Humerus Fractures

Introduction:This study sought to investigate whether a validated trauma triage tool can stratify hospital quality measures and inpatient cost for middle-aged and geriatric trauma patients with iso...
Emotions and psychophysiology

Abstract The relationship between the autonomic nervous system and emotion has been a topic of intense debate and research throughout the history of psychology. The present article considers some of the more influential theoretical frameworks that continue to drive contemporary research on the relationship between emotion and psychophysiological processes.
Pediatric OSA: Evidence-Based Review of Treatment Results

Review current evidence-based treatment outcomes and future management directions for children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Effective medical therapies include weight loss, leukotriene modifiers, nasal corticosteroids, oral appliances, and positive airway pressure. The first randomized controlled trials for adenotonsillectomy in childhood OSA show improved polysomnography results but no postoperative change in neurocognitive outcomes when compared to watchful waiting. Factors have been identified (e.g., craniofacial disorders and obesity) which can lead to decreased adenotonsillectomy success. The tongue base and supraglottis are common additional sites of obstruction, and supraglottoplasty and lingual tonsillectomy are commonly performed procedures for persistent OSA. Additional surgical targets include the nasal cavity, palate/pharynx, tongue base, and larynx. The management of pediatric OSA is multidisciplinary and includes a variety of medical and surgical therapies. Although adenotonsillectomy remains first-line treatment, favorable outcomes exist for nonsurgical modalities. In children with persistent OSA after adenotonsillectomy, several procedures exist to address additional obstruction, but further investigation to delineate their appropriate indications is warranted.
Relationship between number of medications and incidence of falls or bone fracture in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: Shinken database analysis.

Aim Polypharmacy is known to be a risk factor for falls or bone fracture (F/F) in elderly patients. However, this relationship is not fully described in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF), for which F/F may lead to serious clinical outcomes, including major bleeding. Methods We analyzed 509 elderly (aged ≥75 years) patients with NVAF who had recently visited a hospital specializing in cardiology, of which 272 patients had paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) and 237 had persistent/permanent atrial fibrillation (PeAF). Patients were divided into four groups according to the number of medications: ≤3, 4-6, 7-9, and ≥10. The relationship between the number of medications and incidence rate of F/F in AF patients was analyzed. In addition, this relationship was analyzed in patients with each AF type. Results Cumulative incidence of F/F at 3 years in the respective categories was 3.7%, 5.4%, 4.3% and 5.7% for PAF, and 5.2%, 7.5%, 7.8% and 25.0% for PeAF (log-rank test, P = 0.930 and 0.003, respectively). In a multivariable model, patients with ≥10 medications showed a significantly higher risk for F/F compared with those with ≤3 medications as reference only in PeAF (adjusted hazard ratio 4.82, 95%CI 1.42-16.33), without significant interaction (P = 0.081). Conclusions Elderly NVAF patients using ≥10 medications showed a higher risk for F/F. In subgroup analysis, this association was observed only in patients with PeAF, although there was no significant interaction between number of medications and AF type. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••-••.
How DNA Studies May Advance Knowledge of Pathogenesis and Immunity

No other health profession than veterinary medicine must understand the health needs and individual disease states of such a diverse number of animal species. How can the health care of domesticated animals be rapidly improved to provide a reliable food source without the age-old threat of epidemics or severe economic loss to producer groups? Several fruitful areas of investigation may produce the answers to improving the well-being of animals.
Characterization of the Binding Affinity of a Cancer Biomarker and Its Antibody Using Dielectrophoresis

We demonstrate a label-free method to characterize the antibody and antigen binding affinity using the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and its antibody in a phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solution using dielectrophoresis and image processing.
MHC-Ig induces memory T cell formation in vivo and inhibits tumour growth

Induction of a T cell mediated immune response is critical for the eradication of viral infections and tumours. Soluble peptide-loaded major histocompatibility complex-Ig (pep−MHC-Ig) have been shown to bind their cognate ligands, T cell receptor, with high affinity, and are successfully used to visualize antigen-specific T cells. Furthermore, immobilized pep−MHC-Ig can activate and expand antigen-specific T cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we investigate the use of pep−MHC-Ig as a potential strategy to modulate antigen specific T cell immune responses in vivo. SIY−Kb-Ig immunization, together with the pre-activation by an anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, is able to stimulate a strong expansion of adoptively transferred 2C transgenic T cells and the formation of long term antigen-specific memory T cells. In addition, mechanistic studies show that the pep−MHC-Ig molecules directly activate T cells in vivo without requiring uptake and reprocessing by antigen-presenting cells. Furthermore, B6 mice immunized with pep−MHC-Ig molecules inhibit tumour growth in a B16-SIY melanoma prevention model. Thus, soluble pep−MHC-Ig molecules represent a powerful tool for active immunotherapy.
Baseline characteristics of a pregnant, primarily African American cohort residing in the Mississippi Delta: Delta Healthy Sprouts (806.7)

Inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) is associated with adverse maternal and infant outcomes and increased risk for childhood obesity. Interventions designed to optimize maternal GWG may be effective at improving the health of women and their infants. Delta Healthy Sprouts (DHS) is a randomized, controlled, comparative trial testing the efficacy of two Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting programs on weight status and health behaviors of mothers and their infants residing in the rural Mississippi Delta. We describe baseline demographic, psychosocial, diet, and physical activity (PA) characteristics of this cohort of women early in their 2nd trimester of pregnancy. The majority of participants are single (88%), African American (94%), and obese (56%), with no more than a high school education (53%), and a mean age of 23 (SD=5.3) years. Over one third (38%) screened for mild to major depression and 91% reported low PA. Mean baseline diet and PA related expectations, social support, and...
Centrosomal proteins are reorganized in fused trophoblastic cells. (LB57)

Cell-cell fusion is a cardinal event in the formation of multinucleate syncytia and is part of the normal biology of the syncytiotrophoblast (STB) layer of the human placenta. We have found numerous differences between non-fused and fused trophoblastic cells in culture. We have now compared centrosomal proteins and microtubules in non-fused and fused BeWo cells. In non-fused BeWo cells, the centrosomal proteins, pericentrin and gamma-tubulin, were present as one or two perinuclear dot-like structures. Following forskolin-induced cell fusion, the immunofluorescence labeling pattern for pericentrin and gamma-tubulin was dramatically altered and appeared to increase in amount and had a “cloud-like” distribution. Microtubule nucleation experiments in which microtubules regrow following depolymerization with nocodazole were conducted. In non-fused cells, microtubules regrow from the single microtubule organization center (MTOC). However, in fused cells there were multiple sites of regrowth corresponding to per...
Multiplicities and Chern classes in local algebra

1. Prime ideals and the Chow group 2. Graded rings and Samuel multiplicity 3. Complexes and derived functors 4. Homological properties of rings and modules 5. Intersection multiplicities 6. The homological conjectures 7. The Frobenius map 8. Projective schemes 9. Chern classes of locally free sheaves 10. The Grassmannian 11. Local Chern characters 12. Properties of local Chern characters 13. Applications and examples.
Social Life in Northwest Alaska: The Structure of Iñupiaq Eskimo Nations

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Jr Burch and Ernest S. Year: 2006 Pages: 496 Publisher: University of Alaska Press ISBN: 978-1-889963-78-5 (hard cover). Prices: $65.00 USD(hard cover).
Abundancia y patrones de actividad del mapache (Procyon cancrivorus) en un bosque Chiquitano de Bolivia

Abundance and activity patterns of the Crab Eating Raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) in a Chiquitano forest of Bolivia. The crab-eating raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus) is a carnivore widely distributed in Central and South America, but due to its nocturnal habits and evasive conduct, little is known about its natural history. This study reports the first data on home range, abundance and activity of raccoons based on sys- tematic camera trap surveys conducted in the Chiquitano dry forest of San Miguelito ranch. Two sampling efforts (Sep 17-Nov 21, 2002, and Jun 5-Aug 8, 2004) totaled 3197 camera trap-nights and rendered 133 captures of 17 and 15 individuals, respectively, recognizable by the number, width, and shape of the tail rings. By applying capture-recapture statistics we estimated abundances of 20 and 22 individuals and population densities of 19 and 40 individuals/100 km². Records of single individuals at several stations allowed us to estimate travel distances of 0.7-4.2 km and minimum observed ranges of 0.28-1.97 km². Raccoons traveled through most of the available habitats except Cerrado forests, and seemed to prefer dirt roads over trails, salt licks, river banks, and springs. Given the preference for roads and differences in individual capture probability, the estimation of abundance needs to be based on individual recognition, and comparisons require that effort be distributed evenly across types of sites and habitats. Camera trapping has
A Content Comparison of Literacy Lessons from 2004 and 2010 for Students with Moderate and Severe Intellectual Disability.

Mandates such as No Child Left Behind (2001) and Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) shifted the emphasis of instruction to include skills that access the general curriculum for students with moderate to severe intellectual disability. The purpose of this study was to describe changes in literacy instruction of teachers who participated in literacy research using secondary data analysis of instructional videos from 2004 to 2010. Results from the study suggest that teachers in 2004 focused on fewer components of reading that did not include phonemic awareness or phonics than teachers in 2010. Other changes in instruction included use of systematic instruction, grade-appropriate materials, and structure of literacy lessons.
Calorimetric Heats of Adsorption and Adsorption Isotherms. 1. O2, N2, Ar, CO2, CH4, C2H6, and SF6 on Silicalite

A Tian−Calvet type calorimeter is applied to the simultaneous determination of adsorption isotherms and heats of adsorption. This is the first of a series of studies of the effect of adsorbate size and polarity on the energetics of adsorption in zeolites. The adsorbate gases used in this study are quadrupolar (N2 and CO2) and nonpolar (Ar, O2, CH4, C2H6, and SF6). The heats of adsorption of both polar and nonpolar gases are either constant or increase with coverage, so silicalite may be classified as a relatively homogeneous adsorbent compared to X type zeolite. Reversibility was established by comparing adsorption and desorption isotherms. Reproducibility was studied by comparing runs for different samples of the same adsorbent. The average experimental error in loading is ±0.6%. The error in the isosteric heat of adsorption is ±2% for heats larger than 20 kJ/mol and ±5% for heats smaller than 20 kJ/mol.
Comparison of direct and indirect estimates of apparent total tract digestibility in swine with effort to reduce variation by pooling of multiple day fecal samples

The intent of this study was to establish a fecal sampling procedure for the indicator method (IM) to provide digestibility values similar to those obtained by the total collection (TC) method. A total of 24 pigs (52.6 ± 1.5 kg) were fed 1 of 4 diets with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of virginiamycin and phytase (PHY) added to a corn-soybean meal diet with no inorganic P supplement. Pigs were housed in metabolism crates for a 5-d TC period after 7 d of adaptation. Immediately after the TC, a fecal collection period followed, using the IM by including 0.25% of Cr2O3 in the feed for 10 d. Fecal collection for the IM started the day after diets containing Cr2O3 were first fed, and continued for 9 consecutive days with a single grab sample per day. Similar portions of feces from d 5 to 9 were also composited into 4 samples to evaluate multi-day pooling combinations. Highly variable means and CV among samples for apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) were observed at d 1 and 2 using the IM. The mean ATTD for DM, GE, and nutrients appeared to be stabilized by d 5 or 6 in all dietary treatments. The TC data seemed to have lower CV than the IM data for many components. Based on the linear broken-line analysis, fecal Cr concentration plateaued at d 3.75 (P < 0.001) after the first feeding of Cr. Mean ATTD values by the IM were lower than those by the TC method for DM (P < 0.05), GE (P < 0.01), P (P < 0.01), and Ca (P < 0.001). The PHY supplementation improved ATTD of P (P < 0.001) and Ca (P < 0.001) in both collection methods, whereas the PHY effect on ATTD of DM was observed only for the IM (P < 0.05). Differences related to PHY effect on ATTD were detected from d 4 to 9 in a single grab sample for P and DM but the ATTD of DM had inconsistent P-values by day. Fecal sampling after 4 d of initial feeding of marker always allowed detection of treatment effects on ATTD of P but not on ATTD of DM. Results indicated that the IM results in lower digestibility values than the TC method and does not provide the same treatment difference as the TC digestibility for energy and nutrients that are not highly impacted by the dietary treatment. For the IM, ATTD values and fecal Cr concentration stabilize at least on d 5 after initial feeding of diets containing Cr2O3. At least 2-d pooling of feces for the IM appears to be needed to provide greater accuracy and lower variations than a single grab sample.
vBET: a VM-based emulation testbed

With the increasing requirement of robustness and predictability for network protocols and distributed systems, it becomes necessary to develop realistic, customizable, and scalable emulation testbeds for the testing and evaluation of network and distributed protocols. A number of recently proposed emulation testbeds have clearly demonstrated the advantage and promise of this approach. Meanwhile, more efforts are necessary to achieve higher degree of flexibility and customizability, especially for the creation of arbitrary network topology and for the customization of network-level entities.In this paper, we present vBET, an efficient and flexible emulation testbed using the virtual machine technology. Based on Linux, vBET can be installed in a high-end desktop or a commodity server and is therefore easily deployable in a research lab. vBET creates a virtual distributed environment with both network infrastructure and end systems. Each entity, such as a router, switch, firewall, or application-level proxy, is emulated by a virtual machine running unmodified system or application software. The entities emulated by vBET are user-configurable. Furthermore, the same (physical) vBET server can be easily setup as testbed for different experiments, such as Internet routing, distributed firewalls, and peer-to-peer networks.We describe the design, implementation, and application of vBET. For the design and implementation, we present key enabling techniques including virtual OS, virtual networking, and small-footprint file system. For the application of vBET, we demonstrate the creation of different experimental environments using vBET, including OSPF routing, distributed firewall, and Chord peer-to-peer network. These experiments reflect the versatility, customizability, and efficiency of vBET.
Selective extraction of size-fractioned DNA samples in microfabricated electrophoresis devices

We have designed and constructed a microfabricated device for separation of double-stranded DNA fragments using a crosslinked sieving medium and spatially selective extraction of the desired fraction. Based on measuring the width and spacing of migrating bands, a narrow side channel is constructed perpendicular to the separation channel to collect the DNA fragments of interest. This selective collection technique was tested using a 100 base pair double-stranded DNA ladder. We successfully demonstrate selective extraction of the desired fragment with minimal interference from the adjacent bands in an electric field of 31 V/cm. We also achieve extraction of multiple DNA fragments using an array of microelectrodes in this side channel. The device uses cross-linked polyacrylamide gel matrix, allowing the separation to be performed in a distance of 1 cm or less and at a low electric field strength. Together with on-chip electrode, this design is amenable to integration with reaction chambers into a single device for portable genetic-based analysis.
Sequential configuration model for firing patterns in local neural networks

This paper presents a sequential configuration model to represent the coordinated firing patterns of memory traces in groups of neurons in local networks. Computer simulations are used to study the dynamic properties of memory traces selectively retrieved from networks in which multiple memory traces have been embedded according to the sequential configuration model. Distinct memory traces which utilize the same neurons, but differ only in temporal sequencing are selectively retrievable. Firing patterns of constituent neurons of retrieved memory traces exhibit the main properties of neurons observed in multi microelectrode recordings. The paper shows how to adjust relative synaptic weightings so as to control the disruptive influences of cross-talk in multipy-embedded networks. The theoretical distinction between (primarily anatomical) beds and (primarily physiological) realizations underlines the fundamentally stochastic nature of network firing patterns, and allows the definition of 4 degrees of clarity of retrieved memory traces.
MANAGING SUPPLY CHAIN INVENTORIES: A MULTIPLE RETAILER, ONE WAREHOUSE, MULTIPLE SUPPLIER MODEL

Abstract Inventories exist throughout the supply chain in various forms for various reasons. Since carrying these inventories can cost anywhere from 20 to 40% of their value a year, managing them in a scientific manner to maintain minimal levels makes economic sense. This paper presents a near-optimal (s, Q) -type inventory policy for a production/distribution network with multiple suppliers replenishing a central warehouse, which in turn distributes to a large number of retailers. The model is a synthesis of three components: (i) the inventory analysis at the retailers, (ii) the demand process at the warehouse, and (iii) the inventory analysis at the warehouse. The key contribution of the model is the seamless integration of the three components to analyze simple supply chains. The decisions in the model were made through a comprehensive distribution-based cost framework that includes the inventory, transportation, and transit components of the supply chain.
Nail-it-down: nailing and fixing configuration faults in cloud environments

Faults due to configuration of resources account for majority of errors in distributed software systems. Yet, the problem of identifying faulty configuration remains at large. Current approaches for fault identification are focused on event correlation techniques which suffer from limited granular data generated by software components. As complexity of cloud environments increase, resource sharing increases many-fold thereby making it even harder to isolate configuration faults through analysis of events. In this paper, we propose a scalable approach that not only identifies the presence of a configuration fault but also attempts to nail down the parameter that is the source of the observed fault. We leverage the knowledge of shared resources in the environment and use a simple matrix representation for providing near real-time analysis of the faults. This enables the solution to be used for both reactive management and for automated proactive problem determination. Experiments through simulations demonstrate that our approach is effective in identifying configuration faults with reduced time and increased accuracy. Our algorithm gracefully handles the complexity of the problem as the system size grows.
Permanent Pacemaker Insertion: A Five-Year Appraisal

uring the past five years, 115 permanent pacemakers have been implanted in 93 patients at the Newark Beth Israel Hospital. D An analysis of this experience has suggested what seem to be safe surgical techniques that can be used under a variety of circumstances. The choice of one method over another has become a complex matter because of the continuous development of new surgical techniques and new and improved equipment. This report will summarize the results of the past five years and will suggest what appears to be a sensible approach to surgical management of complete heart block and Stokes-Adams syndrome. The figures presented, it will be seen, are quite similar to those reported by others [2-4, 13-15].
Inverse kinematic functions for redundant spherical wrists

By upgrading to a manipulator with a three-axis wrist, it is possible to expand the workspace and largely eliminate the effects of singularities. The author achieves these goals using the inverse kinematic function approach to redundancy. He shows that an ideal wrist should be mounted with its first axis perpendicular to the major axis of the manipulator's forearm. With regard to commercially available manipulators, he shows that the pointing workspace of a PUMA-560 can be expanded by approximately 20% by using all three wrist axes as compared to using only the first two wrist axes. The results can also be applied to kinematic control of a four-axis spherical wrist applied to three-degree-of-freedom orientation tasks. >
Special Care Units in Pennsylvania nursing homes

A 1993 probability sample of all Pennsylvania nursing homes with licensed intermediate and skilled beds finds that 19 percent, by administrator report, are operating a Special Care Unit (SCU) for residents with dementia. Pennsylvania units contain an average of 33 beds, a permanently assigned staff door devices to prevent wandering, and utilize separate dining, congregate and sleeping areas. SCUs in Pennsylvania are more often found in larger homes and in the nonprofit sector. The age, sex, tenure and other measured characteristics of administrators are not related to the presence or absence of such units. Homes with SCUs are more likely to provide inservice training on dementia care and may place greater emphasis on special therapeutic activities. Ninety percent of the administrators with SCUs believe they provide better dementia care than is possible in integrated units.
Adaptive Embedded/Immersed Unstructured Grid Techniques

Embedded mesh, immersed body or ficticious domain techniques have been used for many years as a way to discretize geometrically complex domains with structured grids. The use of such techniques within adaptive, unstructured grid solvers is relatively recent. The combination of body-fitted functionality for some portion of the domain, together with embedded mesh or immersed body functionality for another portion of the domain offers great advantages, which are increasingly being exploited. The present paper reviews the methodology from an implementational perspective.
Analysis of the Interaction of the Adenovirus L1 52/55-Kilodalton and IVa2 Proteins with the Packaging Sequence In Vivo and In Vitro

We previously showed that the adenovirus IVa2 and L1 52/55-kDa proteins interact in infected cells and the IVa2 protein is part of two virus-specific complexes (x and y) formed in vitro with repeated elements of the packaging sequence called the A1-A2 repeats. Here we demonstrate that both the IVa2 and L1 52/55-kDa proteins bind in vivo to the packaging sequence and that each protein-DNA interaction is independent of the other. There is a strong and direct interaction of the IVa2 protein with DNA in vitro. This interaction is observed when probes containing the A1-A2 or A4-A5 repeats are used, but it is not found by using an A5-A6 probe. Furthermore, we show that complex x is likely a heterodimer of IVa2 and an unknown viral protein, while complex y is a monomer or multimer of IVa2. No in vitro interaction of purified L1 52/55-kDa protein with the packaging sequence was found, suggesting that the L1 52/55-kDa protein-DNA interaction may be mediated by an intermediate protein. Results support roles for both the L1 52/55-kDa and IVa2 proteins in DNA encapsidation.
VM3: Measuring, modeling and managing VM shared resources

With cloud and utility computing models gaining significant momentum, data centers are increasingly employing virtualization and consolidation as a means to support a large number of disparate applications running simultaneously on a chip-multiprocessor (CMP) server. In such environments, contention for shared platform resources (CPU cores, shared cache space, shared memory bandwidth, etc.) can have a significant effect on each virtual machine's performance. In this paper, we investigate the shared resource contention problem for virtual machines by: (a) measuring the effects of shared platform resources on virtual machine performance, (b) proposing a model for estimating shared resource contention effects, and (c) proposing a transition from a virtual machine (VM) to a virtual platform architecture (VPA) that enables transparent shared resource management through architectural mechanisms for monitoring and enforcement. Our measurement and modeling experiments are based on a consolidation benchmark (vConsolidate) running on a state-of-the-art CMP server. Our virtual platform architecture experiments are based on detailed simulations of consolidation scenarios. Through detailed measurements and simulations, we show that shared resource contention affects virtual machine performance significantly and emphasize that virtual platform architectures is a must for future virtualized datacenters.
In vitro culture of lemon juice vesicles

This study explores the possibility of culturing Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f. cv. ‘Eureka’ (lemon) juice vesicles as isolated intact tissues capable of retaining their unique growth structure in vitro. Isolated juice vesicles either attached to or detached from the endocarp/mesocarp (albedo) tissue of origin were grown on various nutrient media using several physical environments. Various growth responses achieved in vitro from cultured vesicles are described. Intact vesicles attached to endocarp/mesocarp tissue were found to grow up to 6 months in culture as a distinct tissue with a minimum of adverse callus proliferation. Callus formation from some cultured explants occurred on all media and physical environments tested. Callus production eventually obliterated and irreversibly altered the normal development of juice vesicles. Inherent vesicle physiology rather than the tissue culture environment was the major determining factor affecting culture growth. Reducing the concentration of carbohydrates (fructose, glucose or sucrose) added to media from 3 to 0.01% or 0.0% reduced, but still did not totally prevent, callus production. Treatment of vesicles with 1000 mg/l ascorbic acid or citric acid, or 0.1 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid or abscisic acid enhanced the occurrence of normal appearing vesicles.
Hegemonic masculinity and the variability of gay-sounding speech: The perceived sexuality of transgender men

Sociophonetic inquiry into sexuality and the voice has often focused on the perception of men’s sexuality on the basis of disembodied voices. However, inconsistencies across these studies limit our ability to unite their findings into a cohesive model of gay-sounding speech. This paper focuses on variability among gay-sounding speakers by analyzing the voices of female-to-male transgender individuals, or trans men. Trans men who make use of testosterone typically experience a significant drop in vocal pitch, yet may maintain stylistic traits acquired while living in a female social role. An acoustic and perceptual analysis of trans and non-trans men’s voices reveals that even as trans men may be perceived as gay-sounding, their sociolinguistic styles also differ from those of gay-sounding non-trans men. These findings support the notion that gay-sounding speech does not constitute a single phonetic style, but rather numerous deviations from the hegemonic norm.
Pulmonary capillary permeability to sodium in unilateral transplanted canine lungs.

Abstract Five dogs with autotransplanted left lungs, four with allotransplants and immunosuppression, and five with allotransplants but without immunosuppression were studied 4 to 5 days after surgery. The indicator dilution technique was used to measure the pulmonary capillary permeability to sodium from the left and right lungs separately. The permeability in each lung was evaluated with the blood flow (using carbonized microspheres), the steady-state albumin and sodium spaces and the lung morphology. In the allotransplanted lung there was an increase in capillary permeability to sodium, an increase in both water and solid content and a reduction in blood flow. These alterations were most marked in the allotransplants with immunosuppression, but were also present in the contralateral right nontransplanted lung in which pneumonia was frequently present.
Comparison of a Veterinary Breakpoint Minimal Inhibitory Concentration System and a Standardized Disk Agar Diffusion Procedure for Antimicrobic Susceptibility Testing

The correlation between the antimicrobic standard disk agar diffusion procedure and a veterinary antimicrobic breakpoint minimal inhibitory concentration system was evaluated. Bacterial isolates representing 5 different genera were tested against 15 antimicrobics. There were 3,795 tests performed; 77.3% of the test results were in agreement, 22.6% were in disagreement. Thirty-one percent of the conflicting results were due to the organism being intermediate on the standard disk agar diffusion procedure. Results suggest that the breakpoint system needs more than 1 antimicrobic dilution per antimicrobic, or a change in some of the single dilutions in the breakpoint system would eliminate some of these discrepancies. Another possibility would be to utilize more than 1 panel design, i.e., 1 for gram-positive organisms, 1 for gram-negative organisms, and 1 for fastidious organisms.
Anticholinesterase administration during acute altitude exposure

1. 1. Red blood cell cholinesterase activity was decreased an average of −31±9%, −41+8%, −35±7% and −41±13% after 2, 26, 50 and 74 h of pyridostigmine treatment (30 mg. t.i.d.). 2. 2. Pyridostigmine decreased resting heart rate at sea level (SL) by 7±10 b∝min−1 after 74 h (P < 0.05). Resting esophageal temperature (Tes) was −0.28±0.16°C at 10,000 ft and −0.10±0.22°C after 74 h (SL) compared to SL control; and was +0.10±0.10°C after 2 h and +0.10±0.13°C after 26 h at 10,000 ft compared to altitude control (P <0.05). 3. 3. The thermosensitivity of forearm sweating to increasing Tes was 26±3% lower at altitude compared to sea level (P <0.05). This depressio in thermosensitivity was not observed at altitude with pyridostigmine. The Tes threshold for onset of forearm sweating was increased 0.2°C after 26 h of pyridostigmine compared to control altitude experiments (P <0.05). 4. 4. The depressing effect of acute hypobaric hypoxia on thermosensitivity of sweating was confirmed by this study. Pyridostigmine administration did not affect skin blood flow responses during acute altitude exposure.
Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense systems in rat liver after chronic ethanol feeding

The effects of chronic ethanol feeding on hepatic lipid peroxidation, ascorbic acid, glutathione and vitamin E levels were investigated in rats fed low or adequate amounts of dietary vitamin E. Hepatic lipid peroxidation was significantly increased after chronic ethanol feeding in rats receiving a low-vitamin E diet, indicating that dietary vitamin E is an important determinant of hepatic lipid peroxidation induced by chronic ethanol feeding. No significant change was observed in hepatic non-heme iron content, but hepatic content of ascorbic acid and glutathione was increased by ethanol feeding. Both low dietary vitamin E and ethanol feeding significantly reduced hepatic α-tocopherol content, and the lowest hepatic α-tocopherol was found in rats receiving a combination of low vitamin E and ethanol. Plasma α-tocopherol was elevated after ethanol feeding, probably because of the associated hyperlipemia. Both the ratio of plasma α-tocopherol/plasma lipid and the red blood cell α-tocopherol were reduced by ethanol feeding. Furthermore, ethanol feeding caused a marked increase of hepatic α-tocopheryl quinone, a metabolite of α-tocopherol by free radical reactions. Ethanol feeding caused little changes of α-tocopherol and α-tocopheryl quinone content in mitochondria, whereas a striking increase in α-tocopheryl quinone was observed in microsomes. These data suggest that ethanol feeding causes a marked alteration of vitamin E metabolism in the liver and that the combination of ethanol with a low-vitamin E intake results in a decrease of hepatic α-tocopherol content which renders the liver more susceptible to free radical attack.
Prediction of planing hull side forces in yaw using slender body oblique impact theory

Recent advances in the slender body theory and computational methods have enabled the study of asymmetric and oblique impacts of wedges on a flat free surface. These two-dimensional oblique impact predictions are often used for studies of wave slam loadings, as well as observations of the asymmetric formation of the spray jets. In the present study, an existing zero gravity, inviscid two-dimensional oblique impact model is applied to the three-dimensional planing case using slender body theory, producing estimates of planing hull side force as a function of yaw angle. Plots are generated to predict the side force generated by planing surfaces as a function of speed, beam, wetted length, trim angle and yaw angle. The resulting predictions are compared with previously published and new measurements of planing hull side forces during steady drift tests. The comparisons are used to establish recommended limitations of the method and provide insight into future work.
Single Character Chinese Named Entity Recognition

Single character named entity (SCNE) is a name entity (NE) composed of one Chinese character, such as "[Abstract contained text which could not be captured.]" (zhong1, China) and "[Abstract contained text which could not be captured.]" (e2, Russia). SCNE is very common in written Chinese text. However, due to the lack of in-depth research, SCNE is a major source of errors in named entity recognition (NER). This paper formulates the SCNE recognition within the source-channel model framework. Our experiments show very encouraging results: an F-score of 81.01% for single character location name recognition, and an F-score of 68.02% for single character person name recognition. An alternative view of the SCNE recognition problem is to formulate it as a classification task. We construct two classifiers based on maximum entropy model (ME) and vector space model (VSM), respectively. We compare all proposed approaches, showing that the source-channel model performs the best in most cases.
Periodontal disease and the oral microbiota in new‐onset rheumatoid arthritis

Objective To profile the abundance and diversity of subgingival oral microbiota in patients with never-treated, new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Periodontal disease (PD) status, clinical activity, and sociodemographic factors were determined in patients with new-onset RA, patients with chronic RA, and healthy subjects. Multiplexed-454 pyrosequencing was used to compare the composition of subgingival microbiota and establish correlations between the presence/abundance of bacteria and disease phenotypes. Anti–Porphyromonas gingivalis antibody testing was performed to assess prior exposure to the bacterial pathogen P gingivalis. Results The more advanced forms of periodontitis were already present at disease onset in patients with new-onset RA. The subgingival microbiota observed in patients with new-onset RA was distinct from that found in healthy controls. In most cases, however, these microbial differences could be attributed to the severity of PD and were not inherent to RA. The presence and abundance of P gingivalis were also directly associated with the severity of PD and were not unique to RA. The presence of P gingivalis was not correlated with anti–citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA) titers. Overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar between patients with new-onset RA and controls, observed in 78% of patients and 83% of controls. The presence and abundance of Anaeroglobus geminatus correlated with the presence of ACPAs/rheumatoid factor. Prevotella and Leptotrichia species were the only characteristic taxa observed in patients with new-onset RA irrespective of PD status. Conclusion Patients with new-onset RA exhibited a high prevalence of PD at disease onset, despite their young age and paucity of smoking history. The subgingival microbiota profile in patients with new-onset RA was similar to that in patients with chronic RA and healthy subjects whose PD was of comparable severity. Although colonization with P gingivalis correlated with the severity of PD, overall exposure to P gingivalis was similar among the groups. The role of A geminatus and Prevotella/Leptotrichia species in this process merits further study.
Basic audiology for medical students

AbstractDelay in the identification, diagnosis and intervention of hearing impairment and deafness is mainly linked to the lack of knowledge and commitment of medical doctors (MDs) towards this impairment. In 1997 and in 2006, a multicentre study on the status of prevention of hearing impairment (HI) and deafness in Mexico, directed towards the parents of deaf children, clearly showed this. Similar findings were obtained with a 10-item questionnaire designed to evaluate knowledge and attitudes towards hearing loss (HL) and used with those MDs selected in the annual national examination for the selection of candidates for residencies. From 23,482 applicants, 5464 MDs – the elite of general practitioners (GPs) who had graduated from more than 70 medical schools all over the country – were selected to start their specialization in 2007, and from these a total of 2727 completed questionnaires (49.9%) were obtained. These again showed a very low level of knowledge and misguided attitudes towards hearing, deafn...