cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In-situ characterization of oxalic acid breakdown at elevated P and T: Implications for organic C-O-H fluid sources in petrologic experiments

Decomposition of oxalic acid in the presence of water was examined in a hydrothermal diamond-anvil cell up to 800 °C and 970–1480 MPa as a function of oxygen fugacity to assess its usefulness as a C-O-H fluid source in petrologic experiments. Fluid, vapor, and solid species were identified in situ at elevated temperature and pressure with Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. Under oxidizing conditions (buffered by the reaction NiO ↔ Ni+½O2), oxalic acid decomposes to carbon dioxide and water. Under reducing conditions (buffered by the reaction Mo+O2 ↔ MoO2), oxalic acid decomposes to methane and hydrogen. Under unbuffered conditions, at intermediate oxygen fugacity (~0 to 1 log units below the fayalite-quartz-magnetite buffer), oxalic acid disproportionates to graphite and minor methane and carbon dioxide. The results from the Ni-NiO-buffered and Mo-MoO2-buffered experiments result in observed fluid species that are similar to those predicted by previous investigations. However, there are substantial differences between our results and previous studies of oxalic acid decomposition in the unbuffered experiment that was within a log unit of the fayalite-magnetite-quartz (FMQ) buffer. These include the detection of aqueous C-H species at temperatures as low as 400 °C and a solid graphite-like phase at 800 °C. These differences can be explained if we consider that aqueous H2 in our experiment reacted to form the C-H species, instead of being lost via diffusion through the H2-permeable capsules used in previous studies. Consequently, for experiments within about 1 log unit of the FMQ buffer curve, oxalic acid is likely a poor choice for a C-O-H fluid source because the formation of graphitic carbon would result in significant deviations from the expected C-O-H fluid composition and concentration (i.e., CO2+H2O). At oxygen fugacities outside a log unit of FMQ, the observed fluid species are similar to those predicted by previous investigations and the use of oxalic acid as a C-O-H fluid source is permissible from the perspective of oxygen fugacity, although other system parameters (e.g., sample geometries, capsule thickness, capsule materials, gasket materials, wall thickness) must still be considered.
Experimental Epiphyseal Cartilage Anomalies by Dietary Strontium

Abstract Experimental bone growth anomalies produced by graduated replacement of the dietary Ca requirement with Sr revealed that the bone ash of the growing birds could be reduced significantly below that of the controls and that this reduction was primarily at the expense of bone Ca at growing portions of the bones, i.e., the proximal and distal epiphyses, as evidenced by lowered bone Ca and reduced bone densities in these areas. High levels of Sr could be incorporated into the bone, but at least 25% of the Ca requirement could be spared by Sr. Histological and roentgenological examination confirmed the lack of calcification in diaphyseal regions.
Correlating homicide and suicide

BACKGROUND: The relationship between homicide and suicide has been studied extensively, but with conflicting results. The primary objective of this study was to examine the correlation between homicide and suicide rates in a large cross-sectional sample of UN member states. METHODS: The study used age-standardized data on homicide and suicide for 65 international locales compiled by the World Health Organization. Weighted correlation coefficients between homicide and suicide rates were computed by sex, income level, and geographic region. RESULTS: The overall correlation between homicide and suicide rates was weak and statistically insignificant (rho = -0.08, P = 0.5178). However, when analysed by geographic region the data revealed two distinct patterns: homicide and suicide rates were positively correlated in European countries (rho = 0.89, P
Broadband radiation-absorbing metamaterial

Using the broadband “super-singularity” in the density of states of (meta) materials with hyperbolic dispersion, we demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, a new concept of radiation-absorbing systems.
A survey and overview of habitat fragmentation experiments.

Habitat destruction and fragmentation are the root causes of many conservation problems. We conducted a literature survey and canvassed the ecological community to identify experimental studies of terrestrial habitat fragmentation and to determine whether consistent themes were emerging from these studies. Our survey revealed 20 fragmentation experiments worldwide. Most studies focused on effects of fragmentation on species richness or on the abundance(s) ofparticular species. Other important themes were the effect offragmentation in interspecific interactions, the role of corridors and landscape connectivity in in- dividual movements and species richness, and the influences of edge effects on ecosystem services. Our com- parisons showed a remarkable lack of consistency in results across studies, especially with regard to species richness and abundance relative to fragment size. Experiments with arthropods showed the best fit with the- oretical expectations of greater species richness on larger fragments. Highly mobile taxa such as birds and mammals, early-successional plant species, long-lived species, and generalist predators did not respond in the "expected" manner. Reasons for these discrepancies included edge effects, competitive release in the habitat fragments, and the spati.al scale of the experiments. One of the more consistently supported hypotheses was that movement and species richness are positively affected by corridors and connectivity, respectively. Tran- sient effects dominated many systems;,for example, crowding of individuals on fragments commonly was ob- served afterfragmentation, followed by a relaxation toward lower abundance in subsequentyears. The three long-term studies (?14 years) revealed strong patterns that would have been missed in short-term investiga- tions. Our results emphasize the wide range of species-specific responses to fragmentation, the need for eluci- dation of behavioral mechanisms affecting these responses, and the potentialfor changing responses to frag- mentation over time.
Endoscopic appearance of gastroduodenal artery aneurysm.

Uncommon causes of upper GI bleeding include Dieulafoy’s lesion, arteriovenous malformation, and benign and malignant tumors.1 We describe a case of an elderly man with a gastroduodenal artery (GDA) aneurysm presenting as a bleeding duodenal mass. A Medline search of articles published from 1966 to 1999 failed to reveal a study of the endoscopic appearance of GDA aneurysms. Recognition of such a lesion is essential in preventing endoscopically related adverse outcomes.
cis-acting sequences required for class II gene regulation by interferon gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha in a murine macrophage cell line.

In this report, we have demonstrated that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha increase expression of both the I-A and I-E region gene products on the surface of the myelomonocytic cell line WEHI-3, and that they mediate this increase via an increase in A alpha transcription. Constructs containing 5' deletion mutations of the A alpha promoter attached to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyl transferase gene were used to delineate the minimum 5' flanking sequences required for promoter activity, and for inducibility by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. Approximately 115 bp of 5' sequences are required for minimum induction by IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha when the cytokines are present separately. This includes the three conserved promoter elements, the X, Y, and H boxes. Nested linker-scanner mutations demonstrated that additional regions were also critical for optimal induction by IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha. These include the kappa B-like enhancer and a TNF-alpha-specific sequence that we have tentatively called the T box. The T box sequence was also found in the promoter regions of the human HLA-DQ alpha and rat RT1.B alpha genes. Although the entire T box sequence element was not found in the other mouse class II genes, all class II alpha genes contained the SV40 core enhancer element in the regions included by the T box. Mouse class II beta genes appear to contain neither the T box nor the core enhancer element in this region, suggesting differential regulation of class II alpha and beta genes by TNF-alpha.
The Generalized Sensitivity Scatterplot

Scatterplots remain a powerful tool to visualize multidimensional data. However, accurately understanding the shape of multidimensional points from 2D projections remains challenging due to overlap. Consequently, there are a lot of variations on the scatterplot as a visual metaphor for this limitation. An important aspect often overlooked in scatterplots is the issue of sensitivity or local trend, which may help in identifying the type of relationship between two variables. However, it is not well known how or what factors influence the perception of trends from 2D scatterplots. To shed light on this aspect, we conducted an experiment where we asked people to directly draw the perceived trends on a 2D scatterplot. We found that augmenting scatterplots with local sensitivity helps to fill the gaps in visual perception while retaining the simplicity and readability of a 2D scatterplot. We call this augmentation the generalized sensitivity scatterplot (GSS). In a GSS, sensitivity coefficients are visually depicted as flow lines, which give a sense of continuity and orientation of the data that provide cues about the way data points are scattered in a higher dimensional space. We introduce a series of glyphs and operations that facilitate the analysis of multidimensional data sets using GSS, and validate with a number of well-known data sets for both regression and classification tasks.
Inferring selection intensity and allele age from multilocus haplotype structure.

It is a challenging task to infer selection intensity and allele age from population genetic data. Here we present a method that can efficiently estimate selection intensity and allele age from the multilocus haplotype structure in the vicinity of a segregating mutant under positive selection. We use a structured-coalescent approach to model the effect of directional selection on the gene genealogies of neutral markers linked to the selected mutant. The frequency trajectory of the selected allele follows the Wright-Fisher model. Given the position of the selected mutant, we propose a simplified multilocus haplotype model that can efficiently model the dynamics of the ancestral haplotypes under the joint influence of selection and recombination. This model approximates the ancestral genealogies of the sample, which reduces the number of states from an exponential function of the number of single-nucleotide polymorphism loci to a quadratic function. That allows parameter inference from data covering DNA regions as large as several hundred kilo-bases. Importance sampling algorithms are adopted to evaluate the probability of a sample by exploring the space of both allele frequency trajectories of the selected mutation and gene genealogies of the linked sites. We demonstrate by simulation that the method can accurately estimate selection intensity for moderate and strong positive selection. We apply the method to a data set of the G6PD gene in an African population and obtain an estimate of 0.0456 (95% confidence interval 0.0144−0.0769) for the selection intensity. The proposed method is novel in jointly modeling the multilocus haplotype pattern caused by recombination and mutation, allowing the analysis of haplotype data in recombining regions. Moreover, the method is applicable to data from populations under exponential growth and a variety of other demographic histories.
Medical Education: Part of the Problem and Part of the Solution

Medical education today is pedagogically superb, but the graduates of our educational programs are still unable to successfully translate decades of biomedical advances into health care that reliably meets the Institute of Medicine quality criteria. Realizing the promise of high-quality health care will require that medical educators accept that they must fulfill their contract with society to reduce the burden of suffering and disease through the education of physicians. Educational redesign must begin with the understanding that the professional identity of the physician who was successful in the acute disease era of the 20th century will not be effective in the complex chronic disease era of the 21st century. Medical schools and residency programs must restructure their views of basic and clinical science and workplace learning to give equal emphasis to the science and skills needed to practice in and lead in complex systems. They must also rethink their relationships with clinical environments so that the education of students and residents accelerates the transformation in health care delivery needed to fulfill our contract with society.
Religious Ideas and Attitudes in the Early Frontier

The early American frontier imported all of its basic religious ideas, yet was not slow in taking very significant liberties with them. The carriers of these various concepts represented a number of rather distinct cultural groups with antecedents reaching back to the British Isles and to the continent of Europe. A common background of Christian tradition existed, most of it Protestant; and English was the prevailing tongue. As in the case of every great movement of population, there came about of necessity a continuous exposure to new environmental influences which, in turn, placed their mark upon the attitudes, ideas and institutions making up the religious and general cultural life of the migrating people. It is natural, therefore, that our interest should be attracted not only to such ideas and attitudes as may appear to have been more or less indigenous to the very soil of the frontier, but more perhaps to such traditional religious concepts as may have assumed new forms or taken on new emphasis in the process of becoming acceptable to the frontiersman who again and again found himself confronted by entirely unlooked-for problems. The so-called "early frontier" may, by common consent, be taken as extending temporally from the close of the Revolution (1783) to the election of Andrew Jackson (1828); and spatially from the Alleghenies on the east to the Mississippi on the west. The term "religious ideas" may on occasion be used broadly to include the many concepts, attitudes and emotions which seem to have been characteristic of backwoods people of the period and region named, and to have had some reference to their religion. An appreciation of the historical background of the whole frontier development is of course prerequisite to an understanding of the religious ideas of the time. A few facts here cited will serve as a reminder. First, the Proclamation Line which the British crown set along the Allegheny watershed at the close of the French and Indian war as the farthest westward limit for settlement, proved, as should have been foreseen, a challenge to the American spirit 152
The Effect of a Diabetes Education Program Incorporating Coping Skills Training on Emotional Well-Being and Diabetes Self-Efficacy

This study examines the effects on emotional well-being and diabetes-related competence of an intensive education program taught by a multidisciplinary staff, including mental health professionals who taught diabetes-specific coping skills. Ninety-one adults who participated in the program completed the entire research protocol and follow-ups at 6-months and 12-months. The study assessed depression, anxiety, self-esteem, and diabetes-specific knowledge and self-efficacy. Participants improved initially on all measures and maintained the improvements at 1-year follow-up on measures of anxiety, self-esteem, and diabetes-specific knowledge and self-efficacy The implications of these findings for the design of educational interventions are discussed.
Cytotoxic and mutagenic response of mismatch repair-defective human cancer cells exposed to a food-associated heterocyclic amine

The cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of 2-amino-1-methyl6-phenylimidazo-[4,5-b]-pyridine (PhIP), a food-associated heterocyclic amine, were measured in three human cancer cell lines possessing different mismatch repair (MMR) defects and in matched cell lines corrected for the MMR deficiencies by specific chromosome transfer. Cells deficient in MMR were more resistant to PhIP-induced cytotoxicity and displayed ~3-fold more induced mutations at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus. These results suggest that defects in MMR carried by patients with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome may result in enhanced sensitivity to certain dietary and environmental carcinogens such as PhIP.
Exercise blunts declines in lipolysis and fat oxidation after dietary-induced weight loss in obese older women

Weight loss (WL) by hypocaloric diet decreases adipocyte lipolysis and fat oxidation, adaptations that might predispose individuals to regain weight. Our hypothesis was that the addition of endurance exercise (EX) to dietary-induced WL (6 mo; 250-350 kcal/day deficit) would prevent declines in abdominal (ABD) and gluteal (GLT) adipocyte lipolysis and fat oxidation in obese older women. At baseline, the WL (n = 9) and WL+EX (n = 11) groups had similar body composition, fat distribution, aerobic fitness (VO2max), and resting fat metabolism. Reductions in body weight (WL = 11%, WL+EX = 8%), percent body fat, and intra-abdominal fat area with the interventions were similar in both groups, but VO2max increased (9%, P < 0.01) only in the WL+EX group. Basal and adrenergic receptor- and postreceptor-stimulated lipolysis in ABD and GLT adipocytes decreased (20-70%, P < 0.05) in the WL group but did not change in the WL+EX group. Fat oxidation decreased (38%, P < 0.05) in the WL group but not in the WL+EX group. The changes in fat oxidation and GLT lipolysis differed significantly between groups. Fat oxidation correlated positively with ABD and GLT adipocyte basal lipolysis at baseline (r = 0.45 and r = 0.53, P < 0.05), and the changes in fat oxidation with the interventions correlated positively with changes in ABD and GLT adipocyte basal lipolysis (r = 0.50 and r = 0.42. P < 0.05) in the entire group of women. These results indicate that exercise counteracts the decline in fat oxidation with WL, in part by maintaining adipocyte lipolytic responsiveness in some weight-reduced postmenopausal women.
Tips for communicating with overweight and obese patients.

DISCLOSURES Dr. Campos discloses that he is on the advisory boards and speakers’ bureaus for Bristol-Myers Squibb Company; Eli Lilly and Company; Novo Nordisk, Inc.; and Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc. INTRODUCTION A chronic disease such as obesity is primarily managed by the patient who will make decisions on a daily basis that affect their health outcomes. To effectively self-manage their disease, overweight and obese patients must have the necessary knowledge, skills, and motivation to implement a treatment plan that should be developed in collaboration with their health care team. A 2013 survey of overweight patients and their physicians found that only half of these patients reported ever having discussed weight with their physicians. Yet, all physicians indicated they counsel their overweight and obese patients about diet and exercise. These findings, which are relatively unchanged from a 2008 survey, indicate a disconnect in the patient-provider relationship, and suggest an opportunity to improve patientprovider communication regarding excess weight. The importance of good patient-provider communication cannot be overemphasized due to its significant impact on patient weight and attitudes related to weight management. Moreover, a study of 824 patients who completed a previsit and postvisit questionnaire pertaining to their physician’s consultation style showed that patients valued 3 elements of the office encounter: communication, partnership, and health promotion. This article describes various communication techniques that can be implemented in the primary care setting to foster good patient-provider communication as part of a collaborative decision-making process. The goal is to improve patient self-management and motivation, and to achieve better health outcomes. Although patient-provider relationships in conjunction with their health system influence patient-centered communication, the empahsis in
Biobanking of a Marine Invertebrate Model Organism: The Sea Urchin

The sea urchin has long been used as an invertebrate model organism in developmental biology, membrane transport and sperm oocyte interactions, and for the assessment of marine pollution. This review explores the effects of cryopreservation and biobanking in the biology and development of sea urchins, all the way from germaplasm through to juveniles. This review will provide an integral view of the process and all that is known so far about the biology of cryopreserved sea urchins, as well as provide an insight on the applications of the biobanking of these model organisms.
The nature of the CO2− radical anion in water

The reductive conversion of CO2 into industrial products (e.g., oxalic acid, formic acid, methanol) can occur via aqueous CO2− as a transient intermediate. While the formation, structure, and reaction pathways of this radical anion have been modelled for decades using various spectroscopic and theoretical approaches, we present here, for the first time, a vibrational spectroscopic investigation in liquid water, using pulse radiolysis time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy for its preparation and observation. Excitation of the radical in resonance with its 235 nm absorption displays a transient Raman band at 1298 cm−1, attributed to the symmetric CO stretch, which is at ∼45 cm−1 higher frequency than in inert matrices. Isotopic substitution at C (13CO2−) shifts the frequency downwards by 22 cm−1, which confirms its origin and the assignment. A Raman band of moderate intensity compared to the stronger 1298 cm−1 band also appears at 742 cm−1 and is assignable to the OCO bending mode. A reasonable resonance enhancement of this mode is possible only in a bent CO2−(C2v/Cs) geometry. These resonance Raman features suggest a strong solute-solvent interaction, the water molecules acting as constituents of the radical structure, rather than exerting a minor solvent perturbation. However, there is no evidence of the non-equivalence (Cs) of the two CO bonds. A surprising resonance Raman feature is the lack of overtones of the symmetric CO stretch, which we interpret due to the detachment of the electron from the CO2− moiety towards the solvation shell. Electron detachment occurs at the energies of 0.28 ± 0.03 eV or higher with respect to the zero point energy of the ground electronic state. The issue of acid-base equilibrium of the radical, which has been in contention for decades, as reflected in a wide variation in the reported pKa (−0.2 to 3.9), has been resolved. A value of 3.4 ± 0.2 measured in this work is consistent with the vibrational properties, bond structure, and charge distribution in aqueous CO2−.
Diagnostic imaging of children's congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation

Objective: To investigate the imaging features of children's congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation,and improve knowledge of the disease.Methods: The clinical data of 14 patients with children's congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation from 1998 to 2010 in our hospital were analyzed.Results: Chest X-ray inspection,7 patients had single or multiple large cyst containing gas,5 patients had multiple honey combing-like vesicles,2 patients had tumor-like pathological changes,9 patients incorporated with pulmonary mediastinal hernia,and 10 patients with emphysema at the affected side;CT examination,right lung was implicated in 6 patients,left lung was implicated in 8 patients,and 5 patients incorporated with large cysts,3 patients had circular thin-walled cystic lesion,5 patients had honey combing-like vesicles,3 patients had a few liquid;pathologic finding: 6 patients incorporated with atypical hyperplasia at cavity wall.Conclusion: Imaging findings is a reliable method in order to diagnose children's congenital cystic adenomatoid lung malformation.
Lithium as a plasma facing component to optimize the edge plasma

The use of lithium to coat plasma-facing components (PFCs) or serve directly as liquid PFCs has resulted in energy confinement improvement in several devices. Coupled with the demonstrated ability of liquid Li to exhaust high power fluxes, the use of Li could resolve the two leading problems of high-Z PFCs. The effect of Li in NSTX, EAST, and DIII-D is compared, and common features are identified. A compact spherical tokamak-based Fusion Nuclear Science Facility design could deliver an attractive neutral wall loading for materials testing, with Li PFCs enabling access to the required high confinement scenarios.
Office diagnosis and treatment of essential hyperlipemia.

(1955). Office Diagnosis and Treatment of Essential Hyperlipemia. Postgraduate Medicine: Vol. 18, No. 2, pp. 83-85.
77Se NMR Spectroscopy of Selenoproteins

One of the most essential contributions of selenium to biology is the specialized chemistry performed by selenoproteins. Elucidating the mechanisms by which selenoproteins govern the reactivity of their selenocysteine (Sec) requires exploring how the protein environment primes Sec interactions with substrates, prevents inactivation, and otherwise optimizes the use of this unique amino acid. 77Se nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a particularly powerful technique to study the chemical properties of selenocysteine, its conformational preferences and mobility, and the molecular interactions by which it is stabilized. Recent advances have simplified sample preparation and data analysis, extending the utilization of 77Se in NMR studies of biological samples. These improvements include the development of efficient procedures for enriching proteins with the 77Se isotope, the reports on NMR parameters of different selenoproteins that greatly expand the available basis for data analysis, and the progress in utilizing theoretical calculations for data interpretation. We discuss these areas of progress in 77Se NMR of biological systems, and we consider the range of questions for which 77Se NMR is most useful.
Eco-Health linkages: assessing the role of ecosystem goods and services on human health using causal criteria analysis.

In the last decade, we saw an upsurge of studies evaluating the role of ecosystem goods and services (EGS) on human health (Eco-Health). Most of this work consists of observational research of intermediate processes and few address the full pathways from ecosystem to EGS to human health, limiting our ability to assess causality. We conducted a causal criteria analysis of Eco-Health literature using Eco-Evidence, a software tool that helps evaluate evidence of cause–effect relationships. We focus on the context of green spaces providing “buffering” EGS that may influence disease. We found support for a causal linkage between green spaces and all of the EGS tested, and sufficient evidence linking EGS to gastro intestinal disease and heat morbidities. Inconsistencies were found when assessing the link between EGS to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. Few studies directly link green spaces to health. Those that do, support a connection to cardiovascular disease, and heat morbidities, but provide inconsistent evidence regarding respiratory illness. Our results help establish an agenda to shape future Eco-Health research and define priorities for managing green spaces to provide human health benefits.
Problem solving improved major depression in primary care

Source Citation Mynors-Wallis LM, Gath DH, Lloyd-Thomas AR, Tomlinson D. Randomised controlled trial comparing problem solving treatment with amitriptyline and placebo for major depression in prima...
Probing reaction dynamics with Rydberg states: The ring opening reaction of 1, 3-cyclohexadiene

Electrocyclic reactions involving polyenes are important in many natural processes, such as photosynthesis and the natural synthesis of vitamin D. A detailed understanding of the intramolecular energy flow upon excitation is essential to understand the photochemistry of such molecules. This chapter investigates the energy flow associated with the ring-opening reaction of 1, 3-cyclohexadiene (CHD), which often serves as a model system for electrocyclic reactions. It applies a newly developed technique that uses photoionization via Rydberg states as a probe. The decay kinetics of the intermediate electronic states involved in the photo-induced electrocyclic ring-opening reaction of 1,3-cyclohexadiene to form 1,3,5- hexatriene are determined. The initially populated 1 B 2 state decays rapidly to the 2 1 A 1 state within the duration of the laser pulse. The 2 1 A 1 state crosses to the ground electronic state with a decay time of 93 fs. The experiments show that photoionization via a highly excited valence state, and a set of Rydberg levels, provides a useful probe of the molecular dynamics taking place on electronic surfaces of lower energy. Since all neutral molecules have Rydberg states, it can be presumed that the technique is widely applicable. The internal conversion dynamics to the Rydberg levels is very fast, providing for an accurate representation of the molecular dynamics. Finally, the Rydberg states are long lived, which makes the Rydberg spectra well defined and straightforward to interpret.
Cholinergic Sites in Skeletal Muscle

The physiological properties of mammalian skeletal muscle vary considerably as a function of innervation. Developmentally, the resting membrane potential, the cell surface distribution of acetyl-choline sensitivity and the characteristics of the action potential all change (1, 2, 25). Experimental denervation causes the muscles to revert to a state similar to the one observed prior to innervation ontogenetically. In recent years considerable effort has been directed towards the correlation of molecular properties of the membrane with denervation induced changes in physiological properties of the muscle (3, 5, 8–11, 15–17, 19, 21, 22). This approach, is pertinent to the understanding of both the molecular mechanisms of these physiological phenomena, and their significance to the innervation process.
Constructions and Embeddings of Hamilton Decompositions of Families of Graphs

In this paper, a discussion of the use of amalgamations in constructing Hamilton decompositions of graphs is presented. Edge-colorings that are fair in various senses are critical to this endeavor, so some discussion of them is also included. Finally, the power of amalgamations is demonstrated in the overview of results in the literature that take a given edge-coloring of a graph and extend it to one of a family of graphs (e.g., a complete graph or a complete multipartite graph) in which each color class is a Hamilton cycle.
Usability and Learning Effectiveness of Game-Themed Instructional (GTI) Module for Teaching Stacks and Queues

Computer science majors are expected to learn many concepts related to computer programming. Amongst the concepts are data structures - methods used to arrange and store program-related data. Two commonly-used data structures in computer science are stacks and queues. Traditional instruction promises to instill this knowledge in undergraduate computer science majors. However, students sometimes find it difficult to learn stacks and queues (amongst other CS-related concepts) due to the high complexity of the subject. Emerging research has been exploiting virtual reality and gaming as an educational tool. The game-like appeal that these works feature coupled with educational content motivate students to learn and help students understand that subject at hand. Research investigating educational VR has been demonstrating enhancements in students' learning experience. With this said, a game theme based instructional (GTI) module was developed to teach undergraduate computer science majors about stacks and queues. The module features gaming metaphors to help students construct their own knowledge about the two data structures. In this paper, the GTI module's design is discussed along with a user study involving 18 undergraduate students evaluating it. The user study results prove that the proposed module helps students learn stacks and queues while being satisfactorily usable.
Souther: Believing in Cleveland: Managing Decline in the “Best Location in the Nation”

In recent years, cities facing long-term decline have garnered increasing attention within planning scholarship and practice. Cities such as Cleveland (OH), Detroit (MI), and other so-called shrink...
Diabetes pharmacotherapy and effects on the musculoskeletal system

Persons with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher fracture risk than age-matched persons without diabetes, attributed to disease-specific deficits in the microarchitecture and material properties of bone tissue. Therefore, independent effects of diabetes drugs on skeletal integrity are vitally important. Studies of incretin-based therapies have shown divergent effects of different agents on fracture risk, including detrimental, beneficial, and neutral effects. The sulfonylurea class of drugs, owing to its hypoglycemic potential, is thought to amplify the risk of fall-related fractures, particularly in the elderly. Other agents such as the biguanides may, in fact, be osteo-anabolic. In contrast, despite similarly expected anabolic properties of insulin, data suggests that insulin pharmacotherapy itself, particularly in type 2 diabetes, may be a risk factor for fracture, negatively associated with determinants of bone quality and bone strength. Finally, sodium-dependent glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors have been associated with an increased risk of atypical fractures in select populations, and possibly with an increase in lower extremity amputation with specific SGLT2I drugs. The role of skeletal muscle, as a potential mediator and determinant of bone quality, is also a relevant area of exploration. Currently, data regarding the impact of glucose lowering medications on diabetes-related muscle atrophy is more limited, although preclinical studies suggest that various hypoglycemic agents may have either aggravating (sulfonylureas, glinides) or repairing (thiazolidinediones, biguanides, incretins) effects on skeletal muscle atrophy, thereby influencing bone quality. Hence, the therapeutic efficacy of each hypoglycemic agent must also be evaluated in light of its impact, alone or in combination, on musculoskeletal health, when determining an individualized treatment approach. Moreover, the effect of newer medications (potentially seeking expanded clinical indication into the pediatric age range) on the growing skeleton is largely unknown. Herein, we review the available literature regarding effects of diabetes pharmacotherapy, by drug class and/or by clinical indication, on the musculoskeletal health of persons with diabetes.
Dasatinib Reinitiation After Poststroke Thrombolysis Associated with Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage.

Background Dasatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor commonly used in treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chronic myelogenous leukemia, is often associated with hemorrhagic complications. Safety of dasatinib after thrombolytic therapy in acute ischemic stroke is unknown. Case Description A 63-year-old man with multiple vascular risk factors and chronic myelogenous leukemia (in molecular remission) on dasatinib presented with signs and symptoms of right hemispheric stroke owing to acute intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion that was treated with intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy resulting in near-complete resolution of stroke symptoms. The patient developed clinical worsening (>24 hours of thrombolytic therapy) after receiving a second dose of dasatinib that was due to symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage and necessitated decompressive hemicraniectomy. Routine coagulation profile was normal. The etiology of this hemorrhagic complication was likely secondary to primary platelet dysfunction due to dasatinib as reported in some recent in vitro and ex vivo studies. Conclusions It is advisable to withhold dasatinib during the poststroke period owing to its associated risk of symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage.
An alternative to cesarean: a description of external cephalic version in noncephalic presenting twin.

Objective: External cephalic version (ECV) is utilized in breech presenting singleton gestations but ECV of the noncephalic presenting twin has been considered technically unfeasible. We have succe...
Parent-directed intervention in promoting knowledge of pediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle among low-SES families with toddlers: A randomized controlled trial.

Objective The objective of this study is to determine the efficacy of an interactive, home visiting curriculum tailored to low socio-economic status families in improving parental knowledge of paediatric nutrition and healthy lifestyle. Methods Parents of toddlers aged 13-16 months living with a household income below 200% of the federal poverty line were randomized into healthy lifestyle intervention and control home visiting curriculum groups. Each curriculum consisted of 12 one-on-one educational sessions with parents facilitated by a trained home-visitor that were administered over a 6-month intervention period. Knowledge assessments were administered before and after the intervention period. Results Results of a one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) analysis showed that parents in the intervention group (M = 26.05, SD = 4.24) scored significantly higher than control parents (M = 23.84, SD = 4.26) post-intervention, controlling for parent education level, F(1, 102) = 7.494 (95% confidence interval [-3.68, -0.59]). One-way ANCOVA analysis showed no significant mean difference between the parents in the intervention group (M = 24.13, SD = 4.37) and the control group (M = 23.93, SD = 4.16) at baseline, controlling for parent education level, F(1, 163) = 0.002 (95% confidence interval [-1.28, 1.22]). Conclusions An interactive healthy lifestyle intervention focused on low-SES families significantly improved parental knowledge of paediatric healthy lifestyle. Changes in parental knowledge is a key preliminary step in behaviour change to ultimately affect behaviour. Informing and encouraging parents of toddlers to guide healthy lifestyle development early remains a promising point of intervention for prevention, rather than remediation, of childhood obesity.
Functionality of freeze‐dried berry powder on frozen dairy desserts

In the present work, the use of different freeze‐dried berry powders as stabilizers to avoid the melt‐down of frozen desserts was investigated. Samples were prepared using 3.5% freeze‐dried berry powder (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, and blueberry) and compared with a control containing no berries. The addition of strawberry or raspberry powder completely prevented the melt‐down of the frozen desserts. These samples retained their original shapes once the ice crystals melted. Blackberry powder prevented the melting of the frozen desserts, but the foam structure collapsed and lost its original shape. The incorporation of blueberry powder did not prevent the melting of the frozen desserts. The blueberry samples showed phase separation with a fraction of clear serum. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Freeze‐dried strawberries and raspberries could be used to replace stabilizers in the production of “clean label” and nutritionally enhanced ice creams. Also, the production of frozen dairy desserts that do not melt at ambient temperature will allow the creation of complex structures using new technologies, such as 3D printing under ambient conditions.
Parallelizable reachability analysis algorithms for feed-forward neural networks

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have displayed considerable utility in a wide range of applications such as image processing, character and pattern recognition, self-driving cars, evolutionary robotics, and non-linear system identification and control. While ANNs are able to carry out complicated tasks efficiently, they are susceptible to unpredictable and errant behavior due to irregularities that emanate from their complex non-linear structure. As a result, there have been reservations about incorporating them into safety-critical systems. In this paper, we present a reachability analysis method for feed-forward neural networks (FNN) that employ rectified linear units (ReLUs) as activation functions. The crux of our approach relies on three reachable-set computation algorithms, namely exact schemes, lazy-approximate schemes, and mixing schemes. The exact scheme computes an exact reachable set for FNN, while the lazy-approximate and mixing schemes generate an over-approximation of the exact reachable set. All schemes are designed efficiently to run on parallel platforms to reduce the computation time and enhance the scalability. Our methods are implemented in a MATLAB® toolbox called, NNV, and is evaluated using a set of benchmarks that consist of realistic neural networks with sizes that range from tens to a thousand neurons. Notably, NNV successfully computes and visualizes the exact reachable sets of the real world ACAS Xu deep neural networks (DNNs), which are a variant of a family of novel airborne collision detection systems known as the ACAS System X, using a representation of tens to hundreds of polyhedra.
The ownership structure contingency in the sequential international entry mode decision process: Family owners and institutional investors in family-dominant versus family-influenced firms

Extending our understanding of family firms and international business research with respect to entry mode decisions, this study explains how entry mode choice is the product of a sequential decision-making process, with an important ownership structure contingency. We propose that firms with a dominant family owner (family-dominant firms) prefer low equity ownership as their entry mode for the purpose of preserving their socioemotional wealth. Their preference is persistent even when the institutional investors are the dominant shareholders in the firm (family-influenced firms). This nuanced examination of the role family values play in the entry mode decision extends our understanding of how family firms enter international markets.
Heterogeneity of p16 immunohistochemistry and increased sensitivity of RNA in situ hybridization in cytology specimens of HPV‐related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

BACKGROUND Many patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-related head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HPV-HNSCC) initially present with cervical lymph node metastases. Although p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is the most commonly used surrogate marker for HPV, however criteria in cytologic material are not well established. The objective of this study was to better characterize p16 IHC in cell blocks of metastatic HPV-HNSCC, and to evaluate the performance of HPV RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH). METHODS p16 IHC was performed on cell blocks from 97 metastatic HPV-HNSCC fine-needle aspiration specimens with HPV status confirmed by DNA or RNA ISH or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Tumor cellularity ( 500 cells) and quality (presence of cell clusters, necrosis) were recorded. p16 staining intensity and extent (1%-9%, 10%-69%, and ≥70%) were scored. In addition, RNA ISH was performed on 38 PCR-positive cases. RESULTS p16 IHC was positive in 90 of 97 cases (93%), demonstrating variable patterns. p16 staining was found to be moderate to strong in 69 cases, with 37 cases (38%) demonstrating positivity in ≥70% of tumor cells. Weak staining occurred in 21 cases (22%) and 7 cases (7%) were negative. Of the 60 cases with weak and/or absent expression or staining in <70% of cells, 30 cases (50%) had <100 tumor cells, 12 (20%) lacked cell clusters, and 19 cases (32%) had extensive necrosis. RNA ISH was positive in 37 of 38 cases (97%) that were HPV positive by PCR. CONCLUSIONS p16 is heterogeneous in cell blocks of metastatic HPV-HNSCC, suggesting that any p16 positivity should prompt confirmatory HPV studies. RNA ISH appears to demonstrate high sensitivity, and laboratories even may consider using RNA ISH as a first-line HPV test in cytologic specimens.
Mentorship for Nurse Scientists: Strategies for Growth From the Oncology Nursing Society Research Mentorship Task Force.

Problem statement To describe research mentorship strategies needed to strengthen oncology nursing science and ensure that a cadre of nurse scientists are available to carry out the research mission of the Oncology Nursing Society (ONS). Design Multimethod consensus-building approach by content experts of the ONS Research Mentorship Task Force and approval by the ONS Board of Directors was employed. Data sources Expert opinion, surveys, notes from an all-day research mentorship retreat, and literature review were used. Analysis Content analysis was used to synthesize notes from the research mentorship retreat. Findings Various strategies were identified to strengthen the pipeline of oncology nurse scientists and promote development across the career trajectory. Implications for practice Mentorship is essential to advance the growth and impact of oncology nursing science and requires support throughout the career trajectory.
Clinical Decision Support in the Electronic Medical Record to Increase Rates of Influenza Vaccination in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Objectives Vaccination against influenza has been shown to decrease the morbidity and mortality from the virus; however, rates remain below the Healthy People 2020 target of 70%. The emergency department (ED) provides a unique opportunity to administer influenza vaccines; however, interventions must be efficient to be successful. During the 2014 to 2015 season, an electronic medical record (EMR) intervention was implemented in an effort to increase influenza vaccination rates. Methods Using Lean methodology, a multidisciplinary team designed a series of triggers, alerts, and orders in the EMR to address the barriers to adoption and their root causes. The EMR functionality was implemented for the 2014 to 2015 influenza season. Reports on compliance with each EMR step were completed for the 2014 to 2015 and 2015 to 2016 influenza seasons. Results In the 2013 to 2014 influenza season, the ED administered 42 doses of the vaccine, representing 0.3% of eligible visits. After implementation of the EMR tool, the ED administered 1320 doses of influenza vaccine. This represents approximately 8.8% of qualified patients based on age group and eventual discharge from the ED. The results were sustained during the 2015 to 2016 influenza season with 1031 doses administered, representing 6% of eligible visits. Conclusions The ED influenza vaccination program vaccinated approximately 20 times the number of eligible patients after automated EMR screening and ordering. Using knowledge of a multidisciplinary team, integration into the existing workflow, and visual cues in the EMR, we were able to increase the number of influenza vaccines administered substantially.