cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ulcerative colitis complicated by colonic lymphoma.

Summary We report the case of a 31-year-old man who had had chronic ulcerative colitis for 8 years. A colectomy was performed because of colonic lesions interpreted radiologically as carcinoma. Histologic sections demonstrated Hodgkin's disease. Some of the clinicopathologic aspects of this unusual complication of ulcerative colitis are discussed and the previously reported cases are reviewed.
Hyperkinetic movement disorders misdiagnosed as tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Objective: To describe the gamut of movements misdiagnosed as tic exacerbations in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) in a referral tertiary-care center. Background: Movements seen in GTS can be classified as: (a) tics; (b) movements related to conditions associated with GTS, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and antisocial behaviors; and (c) movements secondary to treatment. Methods: We reviewed a videotape database and patient records from a tertiary treatment center for GTS and collected GTS cases referred for disease exacerbation who had both tics and non-tic movements thought by the referring physician, the patient, and the family to be an exacerbation of tics. Results: Of 373 GTS cases, 12 had movement disorders secondary to treatment, and six had non-tic movements related to conditions commonly associated with GTS. In the former group, there were 7 patients with acute akathisia, 3 with acute dystonia, 1 with tardive chorea, 1 with withdrawal emergent chorea, and 5 with tardive dystonia. Six had movement disorders related to non-tic conditions commonly associated with GTS: four patients had movements associated with OCD, one with ADHD and antisocial behavior, respectively. Conclusion: There is a broad spectrum of movements in GTS that are not tics but can be misdiagnosed as tics. Clinical awareness of these movements is paramount to proper diagnosis and pharmacologic intervention.
Uveitis associated with septic peritonitis in a cat

Objective – To report a case of bilateral uveitis believed to be a consequence of septic peritonitis in a 19-month-old cat. Case Summary – Bilateral anterior uveitis with suspicion of extension to the posterior segment was documented in a previously healthy young cat during hospitalization for severe septic peritonitis. Based on medical history and other findings uveitis was believed to result from concurrent abdominal sepsis, due either to metastatic seeding of bacterial organisms or to effects of bacterial toxins and inflammatory mediators on the blood-aqueous barrier. The cat was surgically and medically managed, and made a full recovery with respect to both his ocular and his abdominal disease. New or Unique Information Provided – Ocular complications secondary to systemic sepsis are well documented in people but seldom reported in the veterinary literature. To the authors' knowledge this is the first report of uveitis linked to septic peritonitis in any veterinary species and the first to report sepsis-related uveitis in a cat. Ocular inflammatory disease in the context of critical illness deserves attention as a potential significant source of morbidity. The development of ocular inflammatory disease may serve as a sentinel lesion for systemic sepsis and other life-threatening conditions.
Intestinal Uptake and Biliary Excretion of the Isoflavone Genistein in Rats

The intestinal absorption, biliary excretion and metabolism of genistein, a potent and specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor that occurs naturally in soy foods, was examined in anesthetized, adult female rats fitted with indwelling biliary cannulas. 4-14C-Genistein, when infused into the duodenum, was rapidly absorbed from the intestine, taken up by the liver and excreted into the bile as its 7-O-beta-glucuronide conjugate. Cumulative recovery of 14C-radioactivity in the bile over a 4-h period was 70-75% of the dose. When genistein was infused into the portal vein, it was also taken up efficiently by the liver, conjugated with glucuronic acid and transported into bile. However, portal blood collected after duodenal infusions of genistein contained mostly genistein 7-O-beta-glucuronide, suggesting that in vivo glucuronidation occurred in the intestinal wall rather than the liver. This was confirmed using everted intestinal sac preparations. Reinfusion of genistein 7-O-beta-glucuronide into the duodenum or into the mid small intestine resulted in its reappearance in the bile, albeit more slowly than when genistein was infused. Over a 4-h collection period, the cumulative recovery of 14C-radioactivity in bile was 27 and 70-75% of the administered dose for duodenal and ileal infusions, respectively. These data indicate that genistein is highly bioavailable in rats and because of its enterohepatic circulation may accumulate within the gastrointestinal tract.
Celiac artery and superior mesenteric artery insufficiency: Unusual cause of erosive gastroduodenitis

Abstract An unusual case of chronic abdominal ischemia is reported. The clinical picture was characterized by the presence of chronic abdominal pain, sitophobia, progressive weight loss, an epigastric bruit, and the endoscopic picture of "erosive gastroduodenitis." The clinical course progressed with the development of liver infarction, ischemic cholecystitis, and intestinal gangrene.
Paradise lost and paradigm found.

Antimicrobial peptides are essential effectors of gut immunity. The cryptdin-related sequence peptides represent a newly identified large family of antimicrobial peptides that form dimers to increase diversity.
A Modified Schlieren Apparatus for Large Areas of Field

The limitations of conventional Schlieren systems are discussed briefly. A system replacing the point source of light with a grid of pinholes, and the knife edge with a negative image of the grid is presented as a means of overcoming these limitations. A simple apparatus using this system is described, and methods of preparing and adjusting the grids are discussed. A photograph of air jets is presented as experimental evidence of the sensitivity of the apparatus. It is concluded that the apparatus is adaptable to large areas of field as the field is not dependent on lens size as with conventional systems; instead, it is determined only by the size of the easily prepared grid. Added advantages of this system are that a point source of light is not required, and, as a result of a depth of field effect, undesirable striations along the optical path do not interfere with the images being studied.
Lower extremity arterial disease in elderly subjects with systolic hypertension

The ratio of ankle-to-arm systolic blood pressure (ankle/arm index or AAI) appears to be a non-invasive indicator of flow-significant atherosclerosis and may be a useful measure of burden of disease in a high risk population. The prevalence of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) was assessed by this method in the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP). Subjects were aged 60 and older with systolic blood pressure greater than 160 mmHg upon entry to the study. An AAI of 0.90 or less was considered indicative of flow-significant LEAD. The prevalence of LEAD by this method was 26.7% (50/187), while the prevalence of intermittent claudication (IC) was only 6.4% (12/187). Of those with IC, 66.7% (8/12) had confirmed LEAD. The prevalence of LEAD as measured by AAI increased with age in women and was associated with a history of current smoking and lower levels of high density lipoproteins. In this study population with systolic hypertension, LEAD, as measured by the AAI, is more prevalent than previously described in elderly populations and is associated with other risk factors for atherosclerosis.
A New Approach to Closed-Loop Autotuning for Proportional−Integral−Derivative Controllers

A simple method for the autotuning of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers which keeps the PID controllers in a closed loop is proposed. A limit cycle is generated through setpoint relay to extract relevant information about the process dynamics. Ziegler-Nichols tuning formulas based on the reaction curve method and the ultimate gain and ultimate period method are used to calculate the PID parameters. Extensive simulations have shown that the proposed method is accurate and needs not to switch off the existing controller.
On the use of homogeneous polynomials to develop anisotropic yield functions with applications to sheet forming

Abstract This paper investigates the capabilities of several non-quadratic polynomial yield functions to model the plastic anisotropy of orthotropic sheet metal (plane stress). Fourth, sixth and eighth-order homogeneous polynomials are considered. For the computation of the coefficients of the fourth-order polynomial an improved set of analytic formulas is proposed. For sixth and eighth-order polynomials the identification uses optimization. Simple constraints on the optimization process are shown to lead to real-valued convex functions. A general method to extend the above plane stress criteria to full 3D stress states is also suggested. Besides their simplicity in formulation, it is found that polynomial yield functions are capable to model a wide range of anisotropic plastic properties (e.g., the Numisheet’93 mild steel, AA2008-T4, AA2090-T3). The yield functions have then been implemented into a commercial finite element code as constitutive subroutines. The deep drawing of square (Numisheet’93) and cylindrical (AA2090-T3) cups have been simulated. In both cases excellent agreement with experimental data is obtained. In particular, it is shown that non-quadratic polynomial yield functions can simulate cylindrical cups with six or eight ears. We close with a discussion on earing and further examples.
Towards an integrated approach to role engineering

Although role-based access control has become a preferred method to manage access control, it constitutes a significant effort to develop and maintain a role structure. Role engineering, the process of defining roles and assigning permissions and users to the roles, aims to define an accurate and complete set of roles using a variety of inputs. In this paper, we describe a unified approach to role engineering supporting a combination of different methodologies, and its partial implementation in the IBM Tivoli Role Modeling Assistant, a role engineering platform reflecting the dual importance of top-down and bottom-up data collection and analysis. Data, imported from multiple sources such as LDAP registries, human resource extracts in CSV format as well as from interviews with the organization's users and subject matter experts, can be browsed, filtered, and visualized. Roles can be created and edited manually or generated automatically from mining results.
A muon detector for a large air shower array

Abstract A scintillation detector has been developed to select the muon component of extensive air showers. It consists of an array of counters buried 3 m below
Age and significance of fossil white spruce (Picea glauca), Tunica Hills, Louisiana-Mississippi

Abstract Radiocarbon dates indicate a Farmdalian through Woodfordian age for fossil white spruce (Picea glauca) in the Tunica Hills, a greater time span than previously documented. These dates, furthermore, require revision of the ages of fluvial terrace deposits in the region. Spruce-bearing Terrace 1 sediments, previously regarded as late Woodfordian to Holocene age, are of Farmdalian to late Holocene age. Terrace 2 sediments, previously assigned a Sangamonian or Farmdalian age, are of probable Altonian age. Plant fossils in Terrace 1 sediments represent two climatically and temporally distinct assemblages: a cool-temperate, Farmdalian-Woodfordian assemblage dominated by white spruce but including deciduous hardwoods suggestive of an oak-hickory association; and a warm-temperate Holocene assemblage composed of southern hardwoods and nonarboreal species representative of the modern flora of the Tunica Hills. Locally, fossils of white spruce have been reworked into younger Terrace 1 sediments containing the warm-temperate plant assemblage. The transition from the cool-temperate flora to the modern warm-temperate flora in the Tunica Hills probably occurred around 12,000 yr B.P.
Controversies in acral lentiginous melanoma.

background. Acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) is a subtype of melanoma initially described only two and half decades ago, but well-recognized by dermatologists today. However, several areas of controversy surround this entity. objective. The primary aims of this article are to review the literature, highlight recent advances, and review some of the ongoing controversies in ALM. methods. A review of the English language literature was performed. results. Controversy continues to surround ALM, particularly in regard to diagnostic histologic and clinical criteria. This leads to difficulties when reviewing studies that evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, and prognosis of ALM. conclusion. Progress in understanding ALM requires the development of standardized diagnostic criteria.
Serologic and cellular assays to monitor therapy with murine monoclonal antibodies

The emergence of new therapeutic modalities frequently requires development of relevant laboratory assays. This is especially true for the clinical uses of newly developed reagents such as murine monoclonal antibodies. We have described immunofluorescence, immunohistochemical, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) for monitoring anticancer therapy with monoclonal antibodies. Immunofluorescence assays performed on single cell suspensions and immunohistochemical assays performed on freshly frozen biopsy tissue have confirmed tissue reactivity of the monoclonal antibody prior to infusion and have been used to measure in vivo antibody binding to target cells as well as antigenic modulation during therapy. An ELISA has been used to measure the serum concentrations of monoclonal antibodies; another ELISA has been used to detect the presence of human antibodies reactive with murine monoclonal antibody. These reproducible assays can be performed with commercially available reagents and provide an important data base for making clinical decisions concerning therapy with monoclonal antibodies.
Abnormal nutrition affects waitlist mortality in infants awaiting heart transplant.

Background Although nutritional status affects survival after heart transplant (HTx) in adults and older children, its effect on outcomes in young children is unknown. This study aimed to assess the effect of pre-HTx nutrition on outcomes in this population. Methods Children aged 0 to 2 years old listed for HTx from 1997 to 2011 were identified from the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network database. Nutritional status was classified according to percentage of ideal body weight at listing and at HTx. Logistic regression analysis evaluated the risk of waitlist mortality. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the effect of nutrition on post-HTx survival. Results Of 1,653 children evaluated, 899 (54%) had normal nutrition at listing, 445 (27%) were mildly wasted, 203 (12%) were moderate or severely wasted, and 106 (6%) had an elevated weight-to-height (W:H) ratio. Moderate or severe wasting (adjusted odds ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.3–2.7) and elevated W:H (adjusted odds ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.6) were independent risk factors for waitlist mortality. HTx was performed in 1,167 patients, and 1,016 (87%) survived to 1-year post-HTx. Nutritional status at listing or at HTx was not associated with increased post-HTx mortality. Nutritional status did not affect the need for early reoperation, dialysis, or the incidences of infection, stroke, or rejection before hospital discharge. Conclusions Moderate or severe wasting and an elevated W:H are independent risk factors for waitlist mortality in patients aged
Real-time data collection quality assurance models in three-dimensional spatial information systems

Abstract Databases used in geographical information systems must be supplied with current data. Maps are usually out of date when they are published. Satellite imagery and aerial photographs supply up-to-date three-dimensional data. Three different models for real-time quality assurance control in three-dimensional data collection for geographical information systems are discussed. Emphasis is placed on the visual detection of ‘blunders’ in three-dimensional data. One data collection quality assurance model has been implemented in the Photogrammetric Analysis Laboratory at Purdue University. An example from this system is given and the precision and speed of digitization of three-dimensional data are discussed.
The Bay of Bengal — A major nutrient source for the deep Indian Ocean

Abstract The distribution of nutrient elements and dissolved oxygen in the deep Indian Ocean suggests that the Bay of Bengal Fan sediment serves as a major nutrient element source and oxygen sink. The distribution of nutrient element excesses and oxygen deficiences away from the fan is consistent with diffusion along isopycnal surfaces with circumpolar deep water acting as a sink for nutrient elements and source for dissolved oxygen. In the course of the entire GEOSECS program only at the Bengal Fan station were nutrient element excesses and oxygen deficiencies (relative to the overlying water column) observed in the benthic mixed layer. The unique aspect of this station is likely the result of very high rates of respiration and particle dissolution coupled with a high stability of the water column overlying the benthic mixed layer. The chemical data show that for each mole of organic carbon oxidized 1.5 moles of CaCO3 must dissolve and that for each mole of CaCO3 dissolved about one mole of silica go into solution. The NO3 and PO4 excesses are about two thirds those predicted from the Redfield ratios (i.e., O2 : NO3 : PO4 = 135 : 15 : 1).
The collagen crosslinking in the hypophosphatemic male mouse

In order to evaluate the influence of bone mineralization on collagen metabolism, the bone collagen crosslinks were determined in femur diaphyses of mice with X-linked hypophosphatemia and of control littermates. No quantititative difference could be elicited between the two groups. It was also noted that in the mouse, cortical bone maturation is accompanied by a slight increase in the number of reducible crosslinks.
Who participates and why?: an analysis of citizens on the internet and the mass public

Scholars continue to find that political participation, especially beyond voting, is in limited supply in the United States. However, the rise of the Internet provides possibilities to mitigate such circumstances. Some scholars suggest that the Internet disconnects citizens from public life, while other studies note that it provides a venue for further participation in public life. The question remains as to whether the Internet mobilizes or demobilizes citizens. The article explores this question using Survey2000, a comprehensive, Internet-based, social scientific survey conducted in 1998 by scholars at Northwestern University in conjunction with the National Geographic Society. A positive relationship is found between engagement on the Internet and civic and political participation. However, the article also finds that the Internet appears to exacerbate the socioeconomic bias already exhibited by civic and political participation prior to the rise of the Internet.
Partial optimization of large molecules and clusters

By examining the displacement coordinate metric three modes of constrained optimization for large molecules and clusters are suggested. The first method corresponds to a conventional optimization using internal coordinates. The second mode has applications with respect to both internal and cartesian coordinates. The final mode is particularly interesting because it can result in computational savings. A mixture of both internal and cartesian coordinates is specified where these coordinates are usually a subset of the molecules or clusters total coordinate set. In the optimization only a subset of the energy derivatives need be evaluated reducing the computational effort associated with the gradient calculation.
Clinicians' reporting of suspected child abuse: A review of the empirical literature

Abstract Although psychologists are mandated by law to report suspected child abuse, large numbers of clinicians have been found to comply inconsistently with reporting laws. A variety of factors have been shown to influence clinicians' child abuse reporting. When placed within the context of a comprehensive decision-making model, these factors explain willingness to report suspected child abuse. Legal requirements, clinician characteristics, and situational dimensions have all been found to interact to influence child abuse reporting decisions. A review of the child abuse reporting literature suggests that practitioners may take effective action toward increasing compliance with mandatory reporting laws while minimizing potential disruption to treatment. Implications for public policy, practice, and suggestions for further research are offered.
Reactions of [LiC(SiMe2H)3]·2THF: Sterically hindered tris(dimethylsilyl)methane derivatives and their hydrosilylation

Abstract Treatment of LiC(SiMe2H)3]·2THF (1) with alkeny1chlorosilanes produced sterically hindered alkenylsilanes (4–10) of structure H2CCH(CH2)nSiRR′C(SiMe2H)3 (R=Me; R′=Me or Cl; n=0, 1, or 4). The Peterson reaction of 1 with carbonyl compounds gave sterically hindered olefins R(R′)CC(SiMe2H)2. Pt or Rh catalyzed intramolecular hydrosilylation of H2CCHSiMe2C(SiMe2H)3 (4) occurred to produce a new 1,3-disilacyclobutane derivative 15. Intermolecular hydrosilylation was favored for 5, 8, and 10, producing oligomeric products.
Feature frequency effects in recognition memory.

Rare words are usually better recognized than common words, a finding in recognition memory known as theword-frequency effect. Some theories predict the word-frequency effect because they assume that rare words consist of more distinctive features than do common words (e.g., Shiffrin & Steyvers's, 1997, REM theory). In this study, recognition memory was tested for words that vary in the commonness of their orthographic features, and we found that recognition was best for words made up of primarily rare letters. In addition, a mirror effect was observed: Words with rare letters had a higher hit rate and a lower false-alarm rate than did words with common letters. We also found that normative word frequency affects recognition independently of letter frequency. Therefore, the distinctiveness of a word's orthographic features is one, but not the only, factor necessary to explain the word-frequency effect.
Chlorophyll, glycerolipid and protein ratios in spinach chloroplast grana and stroma lamellae.

Abstract The relative molar amounts of glycerolipids are similar in grana and stroma lamellae, as are the ratios of total glycerolipid to weight of membrane protein. However the chlorophyll content relative to protein of grana lamellae is about 40% higher than that of stroma lamellae from the same preparation. Previous reports of chemical composition or enzyme activity based on chlorophyll alone can be highly misleading. The large functional and conformational differences between these two membranes may be related to these differences in pigment content, but are likely to result primarily from qualitative protein differences. The data are in accord with a membrane model in which nonpolar regions of membrane protein bind lipid in fairly constant amounts.
Adsorption and Photophysics of Fullerene C60 at Liquid−Zeolite Particle Interfaces: Unusually High Affinity for Hydrophobic, Ultrastabilized Zeolite Y

Adsorption of fullerene C60 from solution to the external surface of zeolite particles has been investigated. The most intriguing result of this study was the nature of C60 adsorption to ultrastablized zeolite Y (or USY). Two commercial samples of USY were tested: CBV780 (Y780) and CBV901 (Y901). Y901 was shown in previous reports to be more hydrophobic than Y780. Higher affinity of C60 for Y901 was found relative to Y780 in a variety of hydrocarbon solvents, including toluene and cyclohexane. In these same solvents, weak or no affinity for Y901 of typical arenes such as naphthalene or pyrene was observed. In toluene, adsorption isotherms for C60 gave dissociation constants (and values of saturation binding) = 0.5 microM (5.8 micromol g(-1)) and 8 microM (1.4 micromol g(-1)) for Y901 and Y780, respectively. C60 was estimated to cover nearly one-half of the estimated external surface area of Y901 particles at saturation. Significant adsorption of C60 to the ionic zeolites NaX, NaY, and KL was observed in cyclohexane but not in toluene, consistent with the pi-cation effect as a driving force for adsorption to these materials. The main driving force for C60 adsorption to Y901 is postulated to involve the interaction of C60 with lone pair electrons of framework oxygen atoms of the 12-ring entry aperture to the supercage. In the 12-ring site, C60 is located in half-supercage bowls on the exterior particle surface. The adsorptive interaction on Y901 relies on the spherical shape of C60 and the hydrophobicity of the zeolite surface. On ionic zeolites, the presence of specific adsorption sites such as exchangeable cations and hydroxyl groups hinder the special positioning necessary for C60 interaction with the 12-ring site. The ground-state and triplet-state absorption spectrum of adsorbed C60 was solution-like on all zeolites. Quenching of the C60 triplet state was examined by using transient absorption spectroscopy. Rate constants for quenching by rubrene, ferrocene, and O2 at the Y901-toluene interface were 18, 9, and 3 times lower, respectively, relative to rate constants in solution. These differences point out that the approach of molecular quenchers to C60 at the interface is more hindered for larger molecules, an expected result for C60 located in half-supercage bowls. The high affinity of fullerenes for hydrophobic zeolite Y provides a strategy for organizing fullerenes at interfaces and for studies of fullerene photochemistry.
Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is required for differentiation of pontine noradrenergic neurons and patterning of central respiratory output

Genetic mutations affecting signaling by glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) perturb development of breathing in mice and are associated with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in humans. However, the role of GDNF in development of brainstem neurons that control breathing is largely unknown. The present study demonstrates that genetic loss of GDNF decreases the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons in the pontine A5 noradrenergic cell group, a major source of inhibitory input to the medullary respiratory pattern generator. This phenotype is associated with a significant increase in the frequency of central respiratory output recorded from the fetal medulla-spinal cord in vitro. In dissociate cultures of the A5 region from rat embryos, GDNF increases TH cell number and neurite growth without affecting total neuronal survival or proliferation of TH neurons. These effects of GDNF are inhibited by function blocking antibodies against endogenous brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), indicating that GDNF requires BDNF as a cofactor to stimulate differentiation of A5 neurons. Our findings demonstrate that GDNF is required for development of pontine noradrenergic neurons in vivo and indicate that defects in the A5 cell group may contribute to the effects of genetic disruption of GDNF signaling on respiratory control.
Medication adherence: a complex behavior of medication and illness beliefs

Medication nonadherence is a public health issue costing an estimated US$290 billion in the USA. The paper discusses the key facts known about medication nonadherence based on past research including predictors, measurements and interventions; and the recent research developments in medication nonadherence. Recent research has shown the need to approach medication adherence as a complex behavior of a patient’s beliefs regarding illnesses and medications; and how it varies across each medication for each patient. The paper concludes with the call to develop tailored interventions that match with the reasons for nonadherence for each medication.
Delay spread and time dispersion estimation for adaptive OFDM systems

Time dispersion is one of the most important characteristics of the wireless channel. The knowledge about the time dispersion of a channel can be used for designing better systems which can adapt themselves to the changing nature of the transmission medium. In this paper, algorithms for estimating the time dispersion (frequency selectivity) of the channel, which use the frequency domain channel estimates or the frequency domain received signal, are proposed. The proposed algorithms first estimate the power delay profile (PDP) from which the two important dispersion parameters, namely root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread and maximum excess delay of the channel, are estimated. It is shown that synchronization errors bias the performance of the estimators based on the channel correlation, and this bias is removed by obtaining the PDP using the magnitude of the channel estimates. The performances of the proposed algorithms are evaluated using computer simulations
Part i: Methodology and Problems in AN Urbanized Arid Environment

The methodology of operations research is judged in relation to its utility to water resource management in an urbanized arid environment and to the study of worth of data for such management. Conditions for existence of a managerial problem are reviewed as is the multilevel structure of the decision process, including decisions on social goals for Western water use. Worth of data can only be judged in relation to a particular use to meet a social or managerial objective. The role of data uncertainty on the decision process is reviewed in the light of past water decisions and present and future problems.
Interactive stereoscopic image display system for personal computers

Interactive stereoscopic image display system for personal computersAtsushi Miyazawa, Kazuya ShimS, and Kazutoshii SugimotoIBM Research, Tokyo Research LaboratoryIBM Japan, Ltd., 1623-14, Shimotsuru.ma, Yamato-shi, Kanagawa 242ABSTRACTWe have developed an experimental stereoscopic display system for personal computers that utilizes alenticular array and a high-resolution color liquid crystal display panel. This article discusses the principlesof stereopsis used in the system, describes the syetem' s mechanism and features, and evaluates theperformance ofits graphics system. We also developed a color image quantization algorithm specificallyfor this display device. In addition, we proposed a technique for interactive 3D manipulation of objects,which uses two trackballs to allow movement and rotation through six degrees of freedom.1. INTRODUCTIONVarious graphical user interface (GUI) paradigms such as those used in the Xerox Alto and Star havebeen introduced since the early 1970' s. The results have shown that interactive systems can be made easierto learn by using an analogy with the way in which business people work in an actual office. In this sense,the analogy (known as "the desktop metaphor") is considered as a two-dimensional version of virtualreality. During the past 10 years, rapid advances in personal computer techniques and technologies havemade such GUIs a famifiar feature ofour daily lives. However, the ability to present depth information in anatural way is still absent from computer-graphics environments, which usually present only a single viewofthe world, as ifthe viewer had only one eye. In future, it is expected that new GUIs will be developed toallow people to mainpulate frue three-dimensional computer-generated images interactively and in real-time.Stereoscopic capability is also becoming an important tool in such areas as multimedia, 3D visualization,
MIGRATION AND UNEMPLOYMENT DURATION AMONG YOUNG ADULTS

The relationship between migration and unemployment duration is examined. Standard job search predictors of spell length (replacement income labor force experience personal characteristics and economic conditions) are included as control variables alongside measures of migration in a Weibull hazard model. The model is estimated using data from the [U.S.] National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Young adults who migrated while unemployed had longer durations of unemployment than those who did not migrate. The rate at which they found jobs was also linked to how long they had been unemployed to being laid off being African American to going to college having a mortgage and to national unemployment conditions. (EXCERPT)
Deployment of Mobile Learning Course Materials to Android Powered Mobile Devices

The objective of this article is to facilitate mobile teaching and learning by providing an alternative course material deployment method. This article suggests a course material deployment platform for small universities or individual instructors. Different from traditional course material deployment methods, the method discussed deploys course materials by using services provided by Android Market. After comparing the traditional course material deployment and the alternative deployment, the author presents strategies to take advantage of Android Market in delivering course materials to mobile devices. Through a case study, this article illustrates the application of these strategies in deploying a class menu for an object-oriented programming course in the computer science curriculum.
Influence of fracture truncation on dispersion: A dual permeability model

Abstract Simulations with a dual permeability model show that a few discrete fractures can have a major influence on plume geometry. A limited number of truncated fractures (1–4) within a permeable matrix can create nearly circular plumes, with about the same degree of spreading in the direction transverse to the average hydraulic gradient as in the longitudinal direction. By comparison, continuous fractures in the direction of flow tend to produce elongated plumes, similar to those typically seen in granular materials. Both types of plumes have been observed in tracer experiments in fractured porous media on the Oak Ridge Reservation. Understanding the influence of fracture geometry is important in planning field characterization and subsequent remediation in fractured porous media.
Interstitial water trace-metal chemistry of laminated sediments from the Gulf of California, Mexico

Abstract This report presents major and minor element profiles for interstitial waters recovered from the oxygen-minimum zone of the Gulf of California. The major elements and nutrients show concentration-depth profiles typical for anoxic, laminated sediments, with sulfate-reduction occurring close to the sediment-water interface, accompanied by increases in alkalinity and ammonia. Barium is solubilized near the sediment-water interface, but decreases below 10 cm depth, showing concentrations consistent with barite solubility. The dissolved concentrations of Mn, Fe, and Al are higher in the upper part of the sedimentary column; Mn and Fe due to reduction of oxides and Al probably because of dissolution of siliceous material. In contrast, dissolved Mo, V, and Cr show concentrations increasing with depth. The strong correlation of the concentrations of Mo, V and Cr with “yellow substance” absorbance reflect the importance of dissolved organic matter for the mobility of these elements during early diagenesis.
Metastatic Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans of the Vulva

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the vulva is a rare, low- to intermediate-grade sarcoma of dermal origin. This case report represents the 13th reported patient with vulvar DFSP and the first reported patient with metastatic vulvar DFSP. Although metastasis is rare, the possibility remains that the frequent recurrence of DFSP will eventually metastasize. Therefore, patients must be followed up on a long-term basis to monitor the progress of this potentially lethal cancer.
Suppression of synapsin II inhibits the formation and maintenance of synapses in hippocampal culture.

Abstract Numerous synaptic proteins, including several integral membrane proteins, have been assigned roles in synaptic vesicle fusion with or retrieval from the presynaptic plasma membrane. In contrast, the synapsins, neuron-specific phosphoproteins associated with the cytoplasmic surface of synaptic vesicles, appear to play a much broader role, being involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release and in the organization of the nerve terminal. Here we have administered antisense synapsin II oligonucleotides to dissociated hippocampal neurons, either before the onset of synaptogenesis or 1 week after the onset of synaptogenesis. In both cases, synapsin II was no longer detectable within 24-48 h of treatment. After 5 days of treatment, cultures were analyzed for the presence of synapses by synapsin I and synaptophysin antibody labeling and by electron microscopy. Cultures in which synapsin II was suppressed after axon elongation, but before synapse formation, did not develop synapses. Cultures in which synapsin II was suppressed after the development of synapses lost most of their synapses. Remarkably, with the removal of the antisense oligonucleotides, neurons and their synaptic connections recovered. These studies lead us to conclude that synapsin II is involved in the formation and maintenance of synapses in hippocampal neurons.
Dynamical simulations of probabilities

Abstract It has been demonstrated that classical probabilities, and in particular, the probabilistic Turing machine, can be simulated by combining chaos and non-Lipschitz dynamics, without utilization of any man-made devices (such as random number generators). Self-organizing properties of systems coupling simulated and calculated probabilities and their link to quantum computations are discussed. Special attention was focused upon coupled stochastic processes, defined in terms of conditional probabilities, for which joint probability does not exist. Simulations of quantum probabilities are also discussed.
Cleaner production: an economical option for ISO certification in developing countries

Abstract Since its conception in early 1990s, cleaner production has helped thousands of businesses around the world in improving environmental performance and reducing risks to their staff. Developing countries, due to their economic, social and cultural limitations are slow to adapt to new ideas. Stresses of WTO and ISO certification are hitting the developing economies hard especially the export businesses. This article re-introduces the concept of cleaner production as a self-help tool as well as an economical pathway towards ISO certification. The objective is to motivate businesses anywhere to join the sustainable development trail. A simple step-by-step procedure to develop a cleaner production program is delineated. Cleaner production opportunities and how their exploration will lead to covering many requirements of the ISO14001:2004 certification is discussed. Cleaner production opportunities in the most common automotive industry are presented along with five case studies from Australia. Special attention is given to energy efficiency. A full section is devoted to equipment-specific cleaner production opportunities.
Simultaneous quantitative depth mapping and extended depth of field for 4D microscopy through PSF engineering

An extended depth of field (EDF) microscope that allows for quantitative axial positioning has been constructed. Past work has shown that EDF microscopy allows for features in varying planes to appear sharply focused simultaneously, however an inherent consequence of this is that depth information is lost. Here, a specifically engineered phase plate is used to create a point spread function (PSF) that contains both of the necessary attributes for extended depth of field and quantitative depth mapping. A two-camera solution is used to separate and capture the information for individualized post processing. The result is a microscope that can serve as an essential tool for full 3D, real-time imaging.
Antigen Production in Hyperoxic Organ Cultures.

SummaryIn hyperbarically oxygenated cultures, using phytohemagglutinin as a mito-gen, spleen and lymph node slices showed great proliferative activity for a 12-day period. Nine-tenths of the yield was obtained in the first two days. Seventy-five to 80% of the cells produced were lymphocytes. The antigenicity of these culture-grown cells did not appear to be diminished as tested by their ability to produce second-set skin graft rejection. Culture media contained no demonstrable antigen.
Genomic analysis of ischemic preconditioning in adult rat hippocampal slice cultures

Abstract Understanding endogenous mechanisms of neuroprotection may have important clinical applications. It is well established that brain tissue becomes more resistant to ischemic injury following a sublethal ischemic insult. This process, called ischemic preconditioning (IPC), can be induced in adult rat hippocampal slice cultures by a brief oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD) [Hassen, G.W., Tian, D., Ding, D., Bergold, P.J., 2004. A new model of ischemic preconditioning using young adult hippocampal slice cultures. Brain Res. Brain Res. Protoc. 13, 135–143]. We have analyzed the changes in gene expression brought about by IPC in this model in order to understand the mechanisms involved. Total RNA was isolated at different time points following a brief OGD (3, 6 and 12 h) and used to probe genome-wide expression microarrays. Genes were identified that were significantly up- or down-regulated relative to controls. We placed genes that were differentially expressed into statistically significant groups based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways and gene ontology (GO) terms. Genes involved in signal transduction, transcription, and oxidative phosphorylation are differentially expressed at each time point. The analysis demonstrates that alterations in signaling pathways (TGF-β, Wnt, MAPK, ErbB, Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT, VEGF) consistently accompany IPC. RT-PCR was used to confirm that members of these signaling pathways are regulated as predicted by the microarray analysis. We verified that protein translation following OGD is necessary for IPC. We also found that blocking the NMDA receptor during OGD does not significantly inhibit IPC in this model or produce large changes in gene expression. Our data thus suggests that changes in signaling pathways and their down-stream targets play an important role in triggering endogenous neuroprotection.
The Orbital Period and Time-variable Asymmetric Accretion Disk in the X-Ray Binary MS 1603.6+2600 (=UW Coronae Borealis)

We present CCD photometry of the low-mass X-ray binary UW Coronae Borealis (UW CrB). Its light curve shows eclipses at a period near 111 minutes, but the eclipses vary in depth and shape and often disappear. Restricting our analysis to the deeper eclipses, we find the orbital period to be -->110.976722 ± 0.000012 minutes, but the times of mideclipse can deviate by more than 0.025 in phase from the best-fit ephemeris. There is an additional large-amplitude variation with a period of -->112.58 ± 0.03 minutes reminiscent of the superhumps seen in the light curves of some cataclysmic variables. The variations of the eclipse morphology are not random, repeating at a period near 5.5 days, and the shape of the superhump-like modulation also varies at this period. We interpret the light curve as the eclipse of the accretion disk around the neutron star by the secondary star. The surface brightness of the accretion disk is strongly asymmetric and highly variable, producing the variations of the eclipse morphology and times of mideclipse. A model in which the distribution of surface brightness is elliptical and precesses at the 5.5 day period reproduces the eclipse depths and the times of mideclipse reasonably well. As 112.6 minutes is the beat period between 110.97672 minutes and 5.5 days, the superhump-like variability is closely related to the precessing elliptical disk, but the causal relationship is unclear.
Estimating river-sediment discharge to the ocean: application to the Eel margin, northern California

Abstract HYDROTREND, a synthetic river-discharge numerical model, can simulate the natural variability (daily, annually and longer) in the flux of water and sediment delivered to the coastal ocean. The numerical model is designed to make discharge predictions based on climate, even though field measurements of river flow are not available. Provided that appropriate assumptions are made regarding past climate, the model can predict how a river may have behaved in the geological past. Sediment load is determined from a river's rating coefficients. When applied to the flood-dominated Eel River, northern California, HYDROTREND captures the intermonthly and interannual variability of discharge and loads over a century or more. HYDROTREND is applied to the ice-age paleo-Eel River when sea level was lower and climate much cooler and wetter. The paleo-Eel River at 18,000 year BP would see its hinterland runoff increase, but not the magnitude of the peak discharges. The post-dicted sediment load of the paleo-Eel River was 25% greater than today's, although basin precipitation was 45% greater, and the hinterland area 4% greater (through sea-level lowering). A method is provided to obtain sediment-discharge rating coefficients for unmonitored modern rivers and paleo-rivers. The relationship Q s = αρg 1/2 H 3/2 A 1/2 provides for an estimate of a river's sediment load Q s , to within a factor of 3 over 7 orders of magnitude, from knowledge of basin relief H , and basin area A . Rating coefficients are determined from this estimate of Q s and the power-law rating curve, Q s = aQ b +1 where Q is discharge.