cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Activist Lab and the MOULA Program.

The Activist Lab at the University of South Florida College of Public Health is an exciting initiative that serves to build interdisciplinary advocacy and leadership skills for public health studen...
Female Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder: A Practical Guide to Causes, Clinical Diagnosis, and Treatment

Hypoactive sexual desire disorder (HSDD) in women is defined as the persistent or recurrent absence of sexual thoughts or fantasies and/or lack of desire for sexual activity that is associated with marked personal distress and/or interpersonal difficulties, and cannot be better attributed to another primary disorder, medication, or general medical condition. Notably, HSDD shares some similarity with depression, as its etiology can be explained using a biopsychosocial model that includes biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, as well as interpersonal influences. Due to its high prevalence and negative impact on the overall health and well-being of women, primary care health professionals and women's health practitioners need to be actively aware of HSDD, particularly because patients may be reluctant or unwilling to initiate a discussion about their sexual concerns during routine visits. HSDD is well established as a valid and treatable clinical entity. Even for those inexperienced in treating sexual problems, there are simple and validated screening tools such as the Decreased Sexual Desire Screener that can help identify HSDD and a need for further evaluation and treatment. There have been few established pharmacologic treatments for HSDD. Flibanserin was the first drug approved for the treatment of HSDD by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Bremelanotide, a novel melanocortin receptor agonist, was recently approved by the FDA for the treatment of acquired, generalized HSDD in premenopausal women. Increased awareness and recognition of HSDD as a medical condition should provide an incentive for further clinical development of effective treatments for HSDD.
Movements, Societal Crisis, and Organizational Theory

Abstract Public health crises test the robustness of institutions, and the current COVID-19 pandemic is no exception The spread of the virus and subsequent hospitalizations and deaths have laid bare the fragility of governments? capacities to protect their citizens, and it has strained otherwise normally functioning institutions like higher education The pandemic has exposed dramatic economic and racial inequalities, especially in countries without strong welfare infrastructure Grievances that were once contained by relatively prosperous times are now raging on the surface
Formal representation of patients' care context data: the path to improving the electronic health record

Objective To develop a collection of concept-relationship-concept tuples to formally represent patients' care context data to inform electronic health record (EHR) development. Materials and methods We reviewed semantic relationships reported in the literature and developed a manual annotation schema. We used the initial schema to annotate sentences extracted from narrative note sections of cardiology, urology, and ear, nose, and throat (ENT) notes. We audio recorded ENT visits and annotated their parsed transcripts. We combined the results of each annotation into a consolidated set of concept-relationship-concept tuples. We then compared the tuples used within and across the multiple data sources. Results We annotated a total of 626 sentences. Starting with 8 relationships from the literature, we annotated 182 sentences from 8 inpatient consult notes (initial set of tuples = 43). Next, we annotated 232 sentences from 10 outpatient visit notes (enhanced set of tuples = 75). Then, we annotated 212 sentences from transcripts of 5 outpatient visits (final set of tuples = 82). The tuples from the visit transcripts covered 103 (74%) concepts documented in the notes of their respective visits. There were 20 (24%) tuples used across all data sources, 10 (12%) used only in inpatient notes, 15 (18%) used only in visit notes, and 7 (9%) used only in the visit transcripts. Conclusions We produced a robust set of 82 tuples useful to represent patients' care context data. We propose several applications of our tuples to improve EHR navigation, data entry, learning health systems, and decision support.
Is the King-Devick Test a Reliable Tool in Wheelchair Athletes? A Preliminary Prospective Study in Wheelchair Basketball.

Objective (1) To determine the reliability of the King-Devick (KD) test among wheelchair basketball athletes across a season and (2) to compare the KD test time changes among those with and without a clinically suspected concussion. Design Prospective, observational study. Setting Division 3 college athletics department. Participants Twenty-nine intercollegiate wheelchair basketball athletes. Interventions Athletes were prospectively monitored for concussions throughout the 2018 to 2019 season. King-Devick testing was completed preseason, midseason, postseason, and after clinically suspected concussions. Main outcome measures Two-way random effects intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Friedman's test and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni correction were used to compare for change over time. Mean KD times and changes were compared between athletes with and without suspected concussion. Results The KD test demonstrated good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.826). Among participants without a concussion, there was a significant decrease in the mean KD test time from preseason to midseason (-3.3 seconds; P = 0.0167) and preseason to postseason (-3.3 seconds; P = 0.0167). No change was seen from mid-to-post season. Six athletes had 7 suspected concussions. Each demonstrated an increase in the KD test time, with a mean increase from 44.3 ± 9.5 seconds to 53.7 ± 12.8 seconds. King-Devick test times returned to or below baseline by postseason. Conclusions The KD test shows good reliability among wheelchair basketball athletes without a concussion. A learning effect is demonstrated initially but plateaus on subsequent testing. Unlike athletes without a concussion, players with a clinically suspected concussion showed an increase in the KD test time.
Emerging Co-Pathogens: New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales Infections in New York City COVID-19 Patients.

• Critically-ill COVID-19 patients with New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales infections at our medical center had poor outcomes, including death in 4 of 5 cases • Multiple insults contributed to the occurrence of co-infection in these patients, including prolonged hospitalization, intubation, invasive devices, extensive antibiotic use, immunosuppressive therapy and environmental factors • There are few antibiotic options for treatment of infections with New Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase producing Enterobacterales, contributing to poor outcomes • Hospitals and public health authorities should be vigilant for extensively drug resistant bacterial co-infections in patients hospitalized with COVID-19
Intangible Property: Protection of Virtual Property in Electronic Games in China and US

With blossoming of the electronic games, the strategy of game developer preference is that the player uses real money to buy the virtual property in the game. The purpose for the strategy which keeping the game promote and developing the game system on the platform to attract more users. With the increasing amount of game, the main strategy is same. The chain, the End User License Agreement (EULA) which between the game developer and player is vital. EULA used to rule that the virtual property is belong to the game developer. However, for now, the virtual property has different acquisition way, “all virtual property belongs to the developer” since already unfair. Staring from the first virtual property lawsuit in China, this paper introduces the virtual property of electronic game and legal protection in US and China. Second, discussion the reasons to protection virtual property and provide proposals for a potential legislative solution in China. At the end, this paper presents the reason that copyright law not suitable to protect the virtual property.
Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Challenges and Perspectives

There is broad agreement that in autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), the connectivity within and across numerous functional brain networks is affected. Resting-state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) has become a method of choice in connectivity studies of ASDs, yet a clear picture of exact patterns of atypical network organization has yet to emerge. Inconsistent findings and lack of uniquely specific biomarkers can, in part, be attributed to etiological heterogeneity. Cohort effects may be mitigated in large multisite samples, but statistically significant findings with small effect size in highly powered studies require careful interpretation. Differences in scanning protocols and diverse data processing and analysis procedures create additional methodological challenges in functional connectivity research of ASDs. Standardized data collection and rich phenotyping in large samples will be critical to overcome these challenges. However, there are also concerns about the use of “resting states” for fMRI data acquisition, and better controlled natural stimulation may be a preferable alternative.
Die Neuausrichtung der Krankenpflege in einer agilen Krankenhausorganisation

Krankenhauser stehen vor grosten Herausforderungen. Der Kostendruck wird sich weiter erhohen, die Bedarfe an Krankenhausleistungen werden uberproportional ansteigen und parallel sinkt die Anzahl der erwerbsfahigen Personen und neben dem Fachkraftemangel herrscht Krisenstatus in der Pflege. Krankenhauser mussen sich neu ausrichten, doch die Frage ist wie. Der Agile Ansatz bietet in seiner Umsetzung einen Straus an Synergien, die Krankenhauser benotigen. Doch lasst sich ein Ansatz aus der Software-Branche auf ein Krankenhaus ubertragen? Mit dieser Frage soll sich in diesem Praxisbeitrag beschaftigt werden.
White matter hyperintensity volumes are related to processing speed in long-term survivors of childhood cerebellar tumors

Across several clinical populations, higher white matter hyperintensity (WMH) burden is consistently associated with decreases in cognitive performance, especially processing speed. Research of childhood cancer survivors has not utilized WMH quantification methodology to better understand the impact of WMH burden and its relationship with core cognitive skills. The present study aimed to quantify WMH volumes in a sample of long-term survivors of childhood cerebellar tumor and investigate the relationships with performance on a measure of oral processing speed. To further explore brain–behavior relationships, multivariate sparse canonical correlations was employed to identify WMH areas that predict processing speed performance. Thirty-five survivors and 56 healthy controls underwent neuroimaging and completed a measure of oral processing speed. The survivor group was further divided based on treatment (i.e., chemoradiation therapy (n = 20) vs. surgery only (n = 15)) to better understand the impact of treatment. Survivors, and especially those treated with chemoradiation therapy, showed higher total WMH volumes and slower processing speed. Higher total WMH volumes were significantly associated with poorer processing speed (r = − 0.492, p = 0.003). Multivariate brain–behavior relationships revealed that periventricular WMHs were significantly associated with slower processing speed performance (p < 0.05). Results exemplify that long-term survivors treated with and without chemoradiation therapy are at increased risk of developing higher WMH volumes compared to healthy peers. In addition, processing speed was robustly shown to be related to periventricular WMHs using an automated neuroimaging pipeline. This methodology to monitor WMH burden has the potential to be implemented efficiently with routine clinical neuroimaging of cancer survivors.
Survey of Graduate Program Directors in Economics

In the summer of 2018 we surveyed Graduate Program Directors of Masters and PhD programs in Economics concerning their program characteristics and admissions practices, as well as their perceived attitudes concerning the training of women and under-represented minorities in the Economics Profession. Here we detail the survey, the process and the responses.
Florida Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) nests are oriented northeast

Nest microclimate can be affected by wind and solar radiation, which can influence offspring survival. The endangered Florida Grasshopper Sparrow (Ammodramus savannarum floridanus) constructs a domed nest on the ground in dry prairie and pasture habitats of central Florida. We measured the nest opening orientation for 116 Florida Grasshopper Sparrow nests across 2 sites with different habitats (2014–2016). Nest openings were primarily oriented to the northeast and orientation did not differ by site. Nest opening orientation did not influence the probability that a nest would successfully fledge at least 1 nestling. It is possible that Florida Grasshopper Sparrows may orient nests to the northeast to avoid wind-blown rain from summer storms and solar radiation during the hottest part of the day, but high local rates of nest predation documented at both sites mask the selective advantage of nest orientation on nest survival.
Metabolically Activated Proteostasis Regulators Protect against Glutamate Toxicity by Activating NRF2

The extracellular accumulation of glutamate is a pathologic hallmark of numerous neurodegenerative diseases including ischemic stroke and Alzheimer's disease. At high extracellular concentrations, glutamate causes neuronal damage by promoting oxidative stress, which can lead to cellular death. This has led to significant interest in developing pharmacologic approaches to mitigate the oxidative toxicity caused by high levels of glutamate. Here, we show that the small molecule proteostasis regulator AA147 protects against glutamate-induced cell death in a neuronal-derived cell culture model. While originally developed as an activator of the activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) arm of the unfolded protein response, this AA147-dependent protection against glutamate toxicity is primarily mediated through activation of the NRF2-regulated oxidative stress response. We demonstrate that AA147 activates NRF2 selectively in neuronal-derived cells through a mechanism involving metabolic activation to a reactive electrophile and covalent modification of KEAP1─a mechanism analogous to that involved in the AA147-dependent activation of ATF6. These results define the potential for AA147 to protect against glutamate-induced oxidative toxicity and highlight the potential for metabolically activated proteostasis regulators like AA147 to activate both protective ATF6 and NRF2 stress-responsive signaling pathways to mitigate oxidative damage associated with diverse neurologic diseases.
“I Get It Now!”: An Exercise to Highlight Unearned Privilege Using Resource Allocation and Rewards:

Individuals who are privileged are often unaware of the unearned advantages that they have. Because of this lack of awareness, individuals with privilege may attribute poor performance of a non-pri...
Transforming the General Chemistry Program at a Large Research University

Abstract The University of Central Florida has one of the largest student populations in the United States and offers many freshman chemistry laboratory courses taught by graduate teaching assistants (GTAs) every semester. As is the case with many U.S. institutions, assumptions were made that Chemistry Department GTAs enter the program with knowledge of teaching effectively and that they have retained the necessary chemistry knowledge to teach their assigned courses. Additionally, the courses were taught as verification style laboratories which encouraged a passive learning environment, and did not promote critical thinking for GTAs or students. A transformation project of the second semester Freshman Chemistry Laboratory instruction was initiated in 2011 with a focus on not only improving the learning experience for the undergraduate students but also providing long-term training in teaching methods and professional development for GTAs. The vision driving this change is that the faculty members in charge of these courses have two populations of students for whom they are responsible: the undergraduates taking the laboratory course and GTAs teaching the course. The transformation began with testing a guided-inquiry method of teaching in the laboratories. With successful results from the initial tests, further implementation of this teaching method continued. Pre-semester GTA training has been developed and successfully implemented. This training is further supported by weekly meetings with the GTAs assigned to teaching the maximum of 26 sections of the course. This presentation will cover the entire process of this transformation and the observations of the successes and challenges of various components.
Heresy Trials and English Women Writers, 1400-1670

This book charts the emergence of women's writing from the procedures of heresy trials and recovers a tradition of women's trial narratives from the late Middle Ages to the seventeenth century. Analyzing the interrogations of Margery Kempe, Anne Askew, Marian Protestant women, Margaret Clitherow and Quakers Katherine Evans and Sarah Cheevers, the book examines the complex dynamics of women's writing, preaching and authorship under religious persecution and censorship. Archival sources illuminate not only the literary choices women made, showing how they wrote to justify their teaching even when their authority was questioned, but also their complex relationship with male interrogators. Women's speech was paradoxically encouraged and constrained, and male editors preserved their writing while shaping it to their own interests. This book challenges conventional distinctions between historical and literary forms while identifying a new tradition of women's writing across Catholic, Protestant and Sectarian communities and the medieval/early modern divide.
Experimental Virtue: Perceptual Responsiveness and the Praxis of Scientific Observation

In this chapter I will develop and defend an account of one particular scientific virtue, one not easily identifiable among traditional lists of the epistemic or the moral virtues, though components or preconditions of this virtue are found in most such accounts. Although my special focus here will be the manifestation of this virtue of scientific character in experimental/observational praxis, I will show how this virtue functions in both experimental and theoretical contexts, and is in fact critical to the excellent function of each as a guide and constraint for the other. While there is no English term that captures precisely the meaning of the virtue I shall emphasize, the nearest approximation would be perceptual responsiveness. The virtue of being perceptually responsive is conceptually complex, and will require precise definition and clarification.
The Safar Center for Resuscitation Research: Searching for Breakthroughs in the New Millennium

This review, written on the occasion of the 70th anniversary of the Institute for General Reanimatology of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, provides an update of recent research in the field of resuscitation medicine carried out at the Safar Center for Resuscitation Research at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Current and recent studies describing bench to bedside investigation in the areas of traumatic brain injury (TBI), cardiopulmonary arrest, hemorrhagic shock, and ultra-novel approaches to resuscitation are discussed. Investigation in TBI across a variety of topics by many investigators including mechanism of neuronal death, oxidative and nitrative stress, proteomics, adenosine, serotonin, novel magnetic resonance imaging application, inflicted childhood neurotrauma, and TBI rehabilitation is addressed. Research discussed in the program of cardiopulmonary arrest includes optimization of the use of mild hypothermia and novel investigation in experimental asphyxial cardiac arrest. In the program on hemorrhagic shock, our recent work on the application of mild hypothermia to prolong the «golden hour» is presented. Finally, a brief overview of our studies of a novel approach to the resuscitation of exsan-guination cardiac arrest using emergency preservation for resuscitation (EPR) is provided.
The Influence of Cysteine and Methionine Supplements on Polyamine Biosynthesis in the Rat

Previous reports from this laboratory have shown that supplementation of diets containing the optimal level (0.02%) of dietary inorganic sulfate (SO4(2-] with cysteine instead of methionine can affect several metabolic pathways. It is possible that these results reflect alterations in the biosynthesis of potent physiological compounds, the polyamines. Adult male albino rats were fed diets containing 15% casein and a constant level of inorganic sulfate (0.02%) supplemented with cysteine (0.505%) or methionine (0.62%). The polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) and the controlling enzymes for their biosynthesis ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (SAMD) were evaluated in liver, kidney and brain tissue homogenates following a 17-day dietary period. Rats fed the diet supplemented with cysteine had increased ODC activity and decreased SAMD activity when compared to rats fed diets supplemented with methionine. Polyamine concentrations varied in tissues with a trend toward increasing amounts in animals fed the cysteine-supplemented diet. Based on these data, it appears that dietary cysteine stimulates the biosynthesis and increased tissue concentration of polyamines.
Control of Active Sites in Selective Flocculation: II. Role of Site Blocking Agents

Control of heteroflocculation using a lower molecular weight fraction of the flocculant as a site blocking agent is demonstrated in the apatite-dolomite-polyethylene oxide system. The most effective SBA (site blocking agent) was determined to be the highest molecular weight fraction of the flocculant itself which was not capable of flocculating any of the components of the mixture. In the presence of the SBA, flocculant adsorption decreased significantly on apatite particles, thereby inhibiting coflocculation.
Dose-response studies of gentamicin nephrotoxicity in rats with experimental renal dysfunction: I. Subtotal surgical nephrectomy

Abstract Gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity have not been widely studied in animals with preexisting renal dysfunction, despite the fact that nephrotoxicity is a continuing manifestation of clinical therapy. The present study contrasted the dose-response nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in control rats with that of rats with renal insufficiency secondary to subtotal ( 2 3 ) surgical nephrectomy. Total daily doses ranging from 0 to 120 mg/kg were given in a divided regimen, every 8 hr and doses were reduced by doubling the interval in subtotally nephrectomized (Nx) rats, in proportion to impaired renal elimination on the first day of gentamicin administration. Estimates of renal function, including creatinine clearance, fractional sodium and potassium excretion, and serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, were collected after 6 and 12 days of dosing. In addition, urinary N-acetyl-β- d -glucosaminidase excretion (6 days), in vitro renal cortical slice accumulation of tetraethylammonium (TEA) (6 days), quantified morphological lesions (12 days), and renal gentamicin concentrations (6 days) were examined. Pharmacokinetic data collected immediately after the first dose revealed a reduced gentamicin clearance and slightly reduced volume of distribution, with a corresponding prolonged half-life in the Nx rats. Based on statistical analysis of the dose-response relationships, Nx rats were functionally resistant to gentamicin nephrotoxicity after 6 days of dosing. This resistance was partially reversed by 12 days dosing, despite light-microscopic evidence of greater structural damage in the control rats. Renal parenchymal gentamicin concentrations were lower at some doses in the Nx rats, in contrast to the higher fractional reabsorption found in these rats at all doses. TEA transport was depressed at all doses in control rats but not at the lower doses in Nx rats, indicating that resistance was partially mediated at the level of the proximal tubular epithelium. This study demonstrates altered gentamicin pharmacokinetics and nephrotoxicity in a surgical model of renal dysfunction in rats.
The North American Agreement of Labor Cooperation and Its Effects on Women Working in Mexican Maquiladoras

Introduction 180 I. Exclusion of Women from NAFTA and NAALC Negotiations 185 A. The Effects of the Public-Private Dichotomy on Negotiations 185 B. The Effects of Legislative Procedures on Negotiations ... 190 II. Provisions of the NAFTA and the NAALC that Exclude Female Workers 192 A. The NAFTA 192 B. The NAALC 194 1. Description of the NAALC’s substance and procedures 194 2. Substantive provisions of the NAALC that detrimentally affect female maquiladora workers...... 197 III. The Effects of the NAFTA and the NAALC on Female Maquiladora Workers 202 A. Women in Maquiladoras Since the NAFTA’s Passage ..... 203 B. U.S. National Administrative Office Cases 211 1. Gender-neutral cases 211 2. The pregnancy discrimination case 219 IV. Recommendations 221 Conclusion 224
Faint Radio Sources and the Cosmic Microwave Background

We have mapped a single field with the VLA to an unprecedented rms sensitivity of 1.5 µJy. Our observations reveal that the excess µJy population (see Windhorst et al (1993), Fomalont et al. (1993)) is continuous down to 1 µJy. In addition, we measure a microwave sky temperature of ΔT/T = (1.4 ± 1.2) x 10−5, consistent with microwave decrements we discovered near the center of our map.
Restrictive blood transfusion protocol in malignant upper gastrointestinal and pancreatic resections patients reduces blood transfusions with no increase in patient morbidity.

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of a restrictive blood transfusion protocol on the number of transfusions performed and the related effect on patient morbidity. Methods A cohort study was performed using our prospective database with information from January 1, 2000, to June 1, 2013. The restrictive blood transfusion protocol was implemented in September 2011, so this date served as the separation point for the date of operation criteria. Results For the study, 415 patients undergoing operation for an abdominal malignancy were reviewed. After the restrictive blood transfusion protocol, the percentage of patients who received blood dropped from 35.6% to 28.3%. The percentage of patients who experienced perioperative complication was significantly higher in transfused patients compared with those who did not receive blood ( P = .0001). There was no statistical significance observed between the 5 groups for the length of stay at the hospital after their procedure. Conclusions The restrictive blood transfusion protocol resulted in a reduction of the percentage of patients transfused, and there was no evidence to suggest that it negatively affected the outcomes of patients in this group.
Male and female differences in musculoskeletal disease

Gender differences exist in the presentation of musculoskeletal disease, and recognition of the differences between men and women's burden of disease and response to treatment is key in optimizing care of orthopaedic patients. The role of structural anatomy differences, hormones, and genetics are factors to consider in the analysis of differential injury and arthritic patterns between genders.
Malnutrition and human function: a comparison of conclusions from the INCAP and nutrition CRSP studies.

The overall objective of both the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) studies and the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) was to determine if marginal malnutrition affects human function. The conclusions from the two studies were consistent, notably that growth stunting occurs early in life and is accompanied by functional impairments. These consequences of early malnutrition persist later in life. The comparison of IN-CAP and Nutrition CRSP results also illustrates that the Guatemalan children were more malnourished and stunted than those in Kenya, Mexico or Egypt and that this greater degree of stunting occurs before 18 months of age. Even the Atole did not bring the average size of supplemented children in Guatemala up to those of the unsupplemented children in the CRSP populations. It is also likely that their functional potential was not realized fully by supplementation. The CRSP studies provide evidence of multiple micronutrient defficiencies associated with poor growth and function and it is probable that these associations exist in Guatemala as well. The overall conclusion is that our attention should be directed to determining the adequacy of micronutrient status in the perinatal period and to the development of approaches that prevent early growth failure
An EBIC equation for solar cells

When an electron beam of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) impinges on an N-P junction, the generation of electron-hole pairs by impact ionization causes a characteristic short circuit current I(sc) to flow. The I(sc), i.e., EBIC (electron beam induced current) depends strongly on the configuration used to investigate the cell's response. In this paper the case where the plane of the junction is perpendicular to the surface is considered. An EBIC equation amenable to numerical computations is derived as a function of cell thickness, source depth, surface recombination velocity, diffusion length, and distance of the junction to the beam-cell interaction point for a cell with an ohmic contact at its back surface. It is shown that the EBIC equation presented here is more general and easier to use than those previously reported. The effects of source depth, ohmic contact, and diffusion length on the normalized EBIC characteristic are discussed.
Investigation on charging processes and phosphorescent efficiency of SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy

Abstract An optical charging process of SrAl 2 O 4 :Eu,Dy has been investigated to examine its efficiency. In the charging process, the luminescence grows gradually before reaching the equilibrium intensity. The unreleased area above the charging curve represents the energy stored in the traps. It is found that the integrated intensity of the released phosphorescence after excitation is larger than that of the unreleased luminescence in the charging process. Under an intensive excitation, a decrease course of the luminescence in the charging process is observed. A quenching mechanism via cross relaxation among Eu 2+ ions is proposed. The quantum efficiency is measured by comparing the integrated intensities of the phosphorescence and the pump light.
Chair Design Affects How Older Adults Rise from a Chair

OBJECTIVE: To determine how modifications of key chair design aspects, such as seat height, posterior seat tilt, backrest recline, seat compressibility, and armrest placement, affect how older adults rise from a chair and the seating comfort they experience. DESIGN: Cross-sectional comparison SETTING: Congregate housing facility and university laboratory SUBJECTS: Two groups of volunteers, Old (n = 29, mean age 84) and Young (n = 21, mean age 23). MEASUREMENTS: Analysis of time to rise, body motion (determined by use of digitized videotaping), and self-reported difficulty when subjects rose from a variety of controlled chair settings thought to represent important chair design specifications encountered by older adults. Subjects also reported their comfort while being seated in these settings. RESULTS: Lowered seat height, increased posterior seat tilt and backrest recline, and perhaps increased seat compressibility cause increased time to rise, increased body motion, and increased self-reported ratings of rise difficulty in both Young and Old groups. Under the most challenging conditions, the effect appears to be stronger in the Old than in the Young: a few Old were unable to rise, and the Old took disproportionately longer to rise and used disproportionately greater neck motion (P generally < 0.001) compared with the Young. Arm rest placement did not alter rise performance or ratings significantly. The conditions in which rise difficulty increases or decreases do not correspond exactly to conditions in which comfort increases or decreases. Some aspects that increase rise difficulty, such as tilt/recline and seat compressibility, may also increase comfort. CONCLUSIONS: Aspects of chair design such as lowered seat height, increased posterior seat tilt, increased back recline, and increased compressibility interfere with chair egress in older adults. While decreasing ease of egress, however, these same factors may increase seating comfort. Furniture designers and manufacturers must find a balance between degree of sitting comfort, ease of egress, and the degree to which the seating device facilitates functional independence, particularly to meet the needs of disabled older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 44:356–362, 1996.
Evaluation of Damage and P-Δ Effects for Systems Under Earthquake Excitation

The analysis of a degrading dynamic system is presented, and the damage-dependent response characteristics of the model structure are explored. Results from this study show that seismically induced P-delta effects can significantly affect structural response, even for small amplitudes of axial load. Additionally, this study demonstrates that the rate of damage accumulation, and not necessarily the magnitude of damage, has the greatest impact on the deformation of the model structure. Moreover, research findings indicate that reliance on displacement ductility or drift as the only measure of performance may not be reliable when damage-dependent response is considered.
School Interventions for Aggression.

The scope and nature of aggressive behavior in the schools suggests that physical and verbal assault are frequent and significant problems in educational settings. Interventions derived from contingency management and self-management perspectives of aggression are discussed. Research studies representative of each type of intervention strategy are also identified. Issues in the selection of treatment strategies are noted.
Implementing Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) Requirements to Serve Substance-Exposed Newborns: Lessons From a Collective Case Study of Four Program Models

The Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 2003 requires states to develop procedures to notify child protective services of newborns prenatally exposed to illegal substances and develop plans of safe care. In 2005 the Administration for Children and Families awarded grants to four programs to develop models for implementing these CAPTA requirements. Although the programs were quite varied, they encountered similar challenges collaborating across agencies, developing effective protocols for identifying exposed newborns, and engaging families in services. This article describes the programs, discusses how they implemented CAPTA requirements, and presents recommendations for other communities.
Developmentally Regulated Demethylase Activity Targeting the βA-Globin Gene in Primary Avian Erythroid Cells

Differential expression of globin genes has provided an interesting model system for better understanding commonly inherited diseases such as thalassemia. In the avian beta-type globin cluster (5'-rho-betaH-betaA-epsilon-3'), silencing of the embryonic rho-globin gene occurs concomitantly with the activation of the adult betaA-globin gene during embryonic development. DNA methylation is a dynamic process that regulates gene expression. We observed a progressive loss of methylation of betaA-globin gene, during avian embryonic development that was concurrent with the expression of the gene. The promoter and exon 1 regions of the template strand were completely demethylated, whereas residual methylation was retained in exons 2 and 3. Using a modified methylation-sensitive single-nucleotide primer extension (MS-SNuPE) assay, we observed stage-specific demethylase activity in the nuclear extracts of chicken red cells; activity in 5-, 8-, and 11-day-old erythroid cell nuclear extracts was 6, 76, and 24%, respectively. The demethylase targeted both hemimethylated and fully methylated substrates. Our findings demonstrate stage-specific demethylase activity in nuclear extracts from primary chicken erythroid cells that could target the fully methylated promoter of a developmentally regulated native gene.
Engineered gp120 immunogens that elicit VRC01-like antibodies by vaccination

Background One of the great challenges for an HIV vaccine is to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies specific for conserved epitopes from which the virus cannot easily escape. The CD4 binding site is one such epitope against which several antibodies (e.g. b12, VRC01) have been isolated. In macaques infected with SHIV, passive immunization with these CD4-directed neutralizing antibodies fails to control the virus, but prophylactic administration is highly protective. Similarly, patients who generate neutralizing antibodies over the course of an HIV infection derive no clinical benefit from them, but eliciting such antibodies prophylactically by vaccination may prevent the virus from establishing its lethal foothold.
Afterword: Life after the symbol system metaphor

After reviewing the papers in this special issue, I must conclude that brains are not syntactic engines, but control systems that orient to biological, interindividual, and cultural norms. By themselves, syntactic constraints both underdetermine and overdetermine cognitive operations. So, rather than serving as the basis for general cognition, they are just another kind of empirically acquired constraint. In humans, symbols emerge from a particular sensorimotor activity through a process of contextual broadening that depends on the coordination of conscious and nonconscious processing. This process provides the representational freedom and stability that constitute the human brain’s solution to the frame problem and symbol grounding problem. Symbol formation and grounding is an ongoing process of generalising constraints from particular contexts, selectively enlisting their use, and re-automating them. This process is central to the self-creation of a language-using person with beliefs, agency, and identity.
Role of aggression, rejection, and attributions in the prediction of depression in children

Concurrent and predictive relations among aggression, peer rejection, and self-reported depressive symptoms were examined in 521 third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children at three time points over 1 year. Increases in aggression were significantly associated with increases in depression, and this relation was mediated, in part, through increases in peer rejection. The relation between peer-reported rejection and depression was mediated by perceived rejection. Finally, we found support for the cognitive diathesis-stress model of depression in children. Controlling for initial levels of depression and peer rejection, the interaction between stress (increases in peer rejection) and a depressogenic attributional style contributed significantly to the prediction of self-reported depressive symptoms 1 year later.
Invited review: peripheral neuropathy in Sjogren's syndrome

Our experience and review of the literature reveal that Sjogren's syndrome (SS) is an important, poorly recognized cause of peripheral neuropathy. Several forms of peripheral nerve dysfunction occur in SS including trigeminal sensory neuropathy, mononeuropathy multiplex, distal sensory neuropathy, distal sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy and a pure sensory neuronopathy syndrome. Rarely, chronic relapsing inflammatory polyneuropathy and multiple cranial neuropathies appear. Clinical evidence of glandular involvement is often minimal or absent when patients with SS develop peripheral neuropathy; and the diagnosis of the underlying condition is elusive. We review clinical and laboratory features of this disorder and suggest appropriate evaluation of patients with neuropathy and suspected SS.
617 AMELIORATION OF HEPATIC CANALICULAR FUNCTION IN NEONATES RECEIVING PARENTERAL NUTRITION (PN) SOLUTIONS PROTECTED FROM LIGHT

Photooxidized amino acids may have a role in the pathogenesis of PN-induced hepatic dysfunction. Protection of PN solutions from light might decrease cholestatic response to PN in neonates. Eighteen premature infants (BW=1104±229g; GA=30±2 wks) were randomly administered PN under usual nursery conditions (+light) or PN protected from light (-light). PN solutions contained dextrose, amino acids, electrolytes, minerals and vitamins. Blood was drawn before and 8 days after PN was initiated and analyzed for γ-glutamyl transferase (U/ml), cholylglycine (mM) and 5'Nucleotidase (u/hr). Intake of amino acids, dextrose, energy as well as BW & GA were similar in the two groups. Results (Mean±SD)
Sporadic E in Middle Latitudes—a Reply

MY communication1 suggested that sporadic E layers are accompanied by, not formed by, discontinuities in the vertical motion of the neutral gas. The horizontal motion of the neutral gas also plays an important part in the hypothesis I outlined. The vertical drift velocity of ionization, as given by equation (10)1, is The coefficients ax, ay, which are proportional to the horizontal component of the magnetic field, undergo abrupt changes at a discontinuity of the kind contemplated in my communication. The increments of ax and ay as well as that of uz contribute to the increment of w across a layer of discontinuity. There is no obvious reason why the last contribution should be dominant, except at high geomagnetic latitudes. Thus the observations cited by Whitehead2,3 seem to support my hypothesis.
SEPARATION AND INDIRECT DETECTION OF SMALL-CHAIN PEPTIDES USING CHROMOPHORIC MOBILE PHASE ADDITIVES

Ruthenium(II) 1,10-phenanthroline, Ru(phen)3(2+), and ruthenium(II) 2,2'-bipyridyl, Ru(bipy)3(2+), salts were evaluated as mobile phase additives for the liquid chromatographic separation of small-chain peptides on a polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymeric (Hamilton PRP-1) stationary phase. In a basic mobile phase peptides are anions, and retention, resolution and detection occur because of the interactions between the stationary phase, the RuII complex and the peptide anion. Since the RuII complex concentration changes in the analyte band relative to the background eluent RuII complex concentration, the peptide can be detected by indirect photometric detection using the wavelength where the RuII complex absorbs. Peptide analyte peaks may be positive or negative depending on the counter-anion and its concentration. Small-chain peptides that do not contain chromophoric side-chains are detected without derivatization at about 0.1 nmol injected at a 3:1 signal-to-noise ratio. Factors that affect retention, resolution and indirect photometric detection are the RuII complex, its mobile phase concentration, mobile phase pH and solvent composition, and the type and concentration of the mobile phase counter-anion and/or buffer anion.
Power optical Doppler tomography imaging of blood vessel in human skin and M-mode Doppler imaging of blood flow in chick chrioallantoic membrane

We describe power optical Doppler tomography (ODT) imaging in phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (OCT) capable of providing the precise location of blood flow in human skin. The power Doppler signal is the squared amplitude of the Doppler signal. By properly setting the intensity threshold and priority displaying Doppler power in phase-resolved OCT, we obtained a Doppler power tomography image of the blood flow in human skin. Power Doppler tomography uses only the amplitude information, so it is not susceptible to aliasing and Doppler flow angle and provides more accurate and smooth imaging of the location of the blood vessels in human skin than Doppler velocimetry. We also modified the phase-resolved algorithm we published before and used it to do Doppler tomography and M-mode Doppler imaging. The dynamic of blood flow in chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) was studied using M-mode Doppler imaging.
P4.118 HIV Nondisclosure: A Right to Know?

In many jurisdictions, it is a crime for an HIV-positive person to have sex without first disclosing his or her serostatus. Such prosecutions persist in spite of substantial evidence that they do not reduce transmission or risky behaviour. I argue that an underexamined sexual autonomy rationale undergirds such prosecutions. U.S. and Canadian courts have held that nondisclosure of HIV violates a partner’s right to “informed” sexual consent, transforming otherwise consensual sex into a crime akin to rape. The sexual autonomy rationale draws on feminist insights about sexual coercion and consent, but has not yet been subjected to rigorous feminist critique. This Article presents the first-ever comprehensive analysis of identifiable nondisclosure prosecutions in the United States, and advances a critical race feminist challenge to the premises and application of this rationale. Criminal law does not protect a general rule that sexual consent be “informed”: while HIV nondisclosure is a crime, almost all other forms of sexual deception_often presumed to be normative lies men tell to women_are lawful. HIV disclosure laws are also so under- and overinclusive with respect to transmission risk that they seem better designed to reduce anxiety about HIV than to reduce transmission. Furthermore, criminal protection of this interest is selective. Although most sexual transmission of HIV_and, likely, most nondisclosure_takes place between men, most defendants are men accused of nondisclosure to women. Racialized and sexual HIV stigma intersects with gendered assumptions about sexual victimisation so that, when a woman has noncommercial heterosex without knowing that her partner had HIV, she, unlike other uninformed sexual partners, may be seen as a victim of sexual crime.
Ca2+-Dependent Protein Kinase11 and 24 Modulate the Activity of the Inward Rectifying K+ Channels in Arabidopsis Pollen Tubes

Potassium (K+) influx into pollen tubes via K+ transporters is essential for pollen tube growth; however, the mechanism by which K+ transporters are regulated in pollen tubes remains unknown. Here, we report that Arabidopsis thaliana Ca2+-dependent protein kinase11 (CPK11) and CPK24 are involved in Ca2+-dependent regulation of the inward K+ (K+in) channels in pollen tubes. Using patch-clamp analysis, we demonstrated that K+in currents of pollen tube protoplasts were inhibited by elevated [Ca2+]cyt. However, disruption of CPK11 or CPK24 completely impaired the Ca2+-dependent inhibition of K+in currents and enhanced pollen tube growth. Moreover, the cpk11 cpk24 double mutant exhibited similar phenotypes as the corresponding single mutants, suggesting that these two CDPKs function in the same signaling pathway. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation and coimmunoprecipitation experiments showed that CPK11 could interact with CPK24 in vivo. Furthermore, CPK11 phosphorylated the N terminus of CPK24 in vitro, suggesting that these two CDPKs work together as part of a kinase cascade. Electrophysiological assays demonstrated that the Shaker pollen K+in channel is the main contributor to pollen tube K+in currents and acts as the downstream target of the CPK11-CPK24 pathway. We conclude that CPK11 and CPK24 together mediate the Ca2+-dependent inhibition of K+in channels and participate in the regulation of pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis.