cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Child abuse treatment and follow-up: Can the pediatrician help improve outcome?

The pediatric role in the management of child abuse and neglect has been largely limited to detecting and reporting cases, with little involvement in long-term treatment and follow-up. A review of published clinical experience indicates that customary protective services' "treatment" strategies are all too often ineffective at preventing reabuse, improving child health and developmental status, and improving family functioning. When foster care is used as a treatment modality, children run the added risk of never returning home, nor being freed for adoption, and they may suffer the emotional harm of repeated foster placements. This situation is likely to worsen, in the light of recent cutbacks in social service programs, at a time of rising reports of maltreatment. The pediatrician is widely recognized as an expert in children's health and development, and he can effectively use his position to influence the management of cases and thereby the outcome, by actively participating in treatment decision making and providing close follow-up in a limited but important way. In order to do this, he must first become acquainted with the effects of maltreatment upon children's health and development and with the general principles and available modalities of treatment. He must be sympathetic and supportive of the difficult role of the protective service worker who must make treatment decisions. His role is to assist the worker by making medical resources available in order to adequately define the child's needs and the capacity of the family to meet those needs. Essential to answering these questions is the availability of a child development clinic and mental health resources.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-level detection of metal atoms by multiphoton ionization in a low-pressure flame sampling cell

The authors are using a low-pressure sampling cell to extract species from an air/acetylene analytical burner. Single-color multiphoton ionization by a pulsed dye laser is used for the sensitive detection of atomic species in the cell. The dye laser excites one of the low-lying two-photon accessible states, and absorption of an additional photon efficiently ionizes the excited state. Excellent detection limits are reported for sodium, lithium, calcium, and copper (Na, 20 pptr (parts per trillion); Li, 100 pptr; Ca, 7 ppb; Cu, 25 pptr). No signals were observed for neodymium of aluminum, presumably due to the consumption of the atoms to form molecular species in the cell. Potassium shows a much poorer detection limit and a quadratic dependence of signal on concentration.
Perinatal toxicology of mirex administered in the diet: II. Relationship of hepatic mirex levels to induction of microsomal benzphetamine N-demethylase activity

Abstract Hepatic levels of mirex and their relationship to microsomal metabolism were studied in rat pups exposed either prenatally, postnatally or perinatally. The exposure was dietary (25 ppm) from day 4 of gestation through day 46 postpartum. Liver mirex levels indicated both placental and lactational transfer. No remarkable quantitative or qualitative differences were noted between postnatal and perinatal exposure. Fractionation of livers indicated the highest percentage of mirex was found in the crude nuclear and microsomal fractions. Perinatal and postnatal exposure resulted in a 667 and 691% induction of N-demethylase activity at 9 days postpartum, respectively. No linear relationship could be established between the level of mirex in the microsomal subfraction and induction of benzphetamine N-demethylase activity (r = 0.56).
DSGE Models with Student-t Errors

This paper deals with Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium (DSGE) models under a multivariate student-t distribution for the structural shocks. Based on the solution algorithm of Klein (2000) and the gamma-normal representation of the t-distribution, the TaRB-MH algorithm of Chib and Ramamurthy (2010) is used to estimate the model. A technique for estimating the marginal likelihood of the DSGE student-t model is also provided. The methodologies are illustrated first with simulated data and then with the DSGE model of Ireland (2004) where the results support the t-error model in relation to the Gaussian model.
Does color of warnings affect risk perception

Abstract Colors are used with signal words in warning messages to attract attention of users and to communicate the hazards associated with a product. The signaling property of color has only recently been examined. Standards that associate colors with levels of hazards have not been based on empirical study. Four experiments reported here obtained responses relating relative risks to colors. In one experiment color of background produced a significant difference, but succeeding results suggested this was related to lack of salience of the signal words in that format. In general, the combinations of colors with signal words suggested by various standards organizations were not found to fit the population stereotype. The dominant response of red is associated with risks at all levels. The results are discussed in terms of strategies for warnings. A conclusion is that shape or other graphical configurations may serve better than color to convey level of risk. Relevance to industry Many hazardous circumstances in industry must be warned against. The form of warnings is important to gain attention. Color associated with warnings has been assumed to influence risk perception. These results suggest that without training the combinations used are not recognized. Only red is considered relevant.
A phased-array architecture for retrodirective microwave power transmission from the space solar power satellite

This paper presents a phased array architecture for retrodirective microwave wireless power transmission from the space solar power satellite (SPS). The proposed architecture uses a 2.9-GHz pilot beam and a 5.8-GHz transmit beam, with retrodirective phasing implemented directly at RF. Experimental and theoretical results are given to validate the approach.
Functional Analysis of the CAAT Box in the Major Late Promoter of the Subgroup C Human Adenoviruses

Comparisons among sequences predicted to encode the major late promoter (MLP) of adenoviruses from a wide variety of host species show that an inverted CAAT box is among the most highly conserved transcription elements found in the putative MLPs. The high degree of conservation suggests that the CAAT box plays an important role in the function of the MLP in vivo, an idea supported by a previous mutational analysis of the core CCAAT sequence. To address the importance of the CAAT box, in terms both of quantitative levels of transcription and of specificity, a further set of mutations was created and examined in the context of the viral genome. One mutation, CAAT5, contains individual changes at five positions, four of which correspond to invariant residues in a CAAT box consensus derived either by computer analysis or empirically. The CAAT5 mutation had no discernible phenotype by itself but when coupled with the previously described USF0 mutation, which disrupts binding of the upstream stimulating factor (USF) but is otherwise phenotypically silent, gave rise to virus with a severe replication deficiency. Nuclear run-on assays showed that transcription initiation at the mutant MLP was significantly reduced compared with that of the wild type or the virus containing CAAT5 alone. Replication of the double mutant was lower than that of the previously described USF0::CCCAT virus, suggesting that the additional mutations in the CAAT box had further lowered the binding of transcription factor CP1 (also called CBF, NF-Y). Replacement of the CAAT box by an ATF binding site or an OCT1 binding site had no phenotypic effect in an otherwise wild-type background, but replacement in a USF0::CCCAT background led to only partial restoration of the wild-type phenotype. The failure to restore the functional redundancy normally exhibited by the CAAT box and the proximal upstream activating element is consistent with the idea that in the adenovirus MLP the CAAT box is preferred over others as the distal transcriptional element.
Protein ISGylation modulates the JAK-STAT signaling pathway

ISG15 is one of the most strongly induced genes upon viral infection, type I interferon (IFN) stimulation, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Here we report that mice lacking UBP43, a protease that removes ISG15 from ISGylated proteins, are hypersensitive to type I IFN. Most importantly, in UBP43-deficient cells, IFN-β induces a prolonged Stat1 tyrosine phosphorylation, DNA binding, and IFN-mediated gene activation. Furthermore, restoration of ISG15 conjugation in protein ISGylation-defective K562 cells increases IFN-stimulated promoter activity. These findings identify UBP43 as a novel negative regulator of IFN signaling and suggest the involvement of protein ISGylation in the regulation of the JAK-STAT pathway.
A Typology of Divorcing Couples: Implications for Mediation and the Divorce Process

An experimental mediation procedure for the negotiation of divorce settlement agreements was studied through the intensive analysis of nine completed mediation cases. The audio recordings of mediation sessions and postdivorce interviews with both of the former marital partners provided the material on which the analysis is based. Five additional couples, drawn from a similar population but who used the traditional adversarial system, provided a comparative perspective. High levels of prenegotiation conflict and nonmutuality of the decision to divorce were negatively related to attitudes toward mediation and behavior during negotiations. The report focuses on four distinctive patterns of divorce decision-making. The typology is based on three primary dimensions: degree of ambivalence; frequency and openness of communication; and level and overtness of conflict. Couples exhibiting the enmeshed and autistic patterns of divorce were the most difficult for mediators to work with and had the poorest postdivorce adjustment; couples exhibiting the direct and disengaged conflict patterns fared better, both in mediation and in the postdivorce period. The potential importance of intercouple differences for the divorce mediation process and postdivorce adjustment are considered.
Regional and teleseismic double-difference earthquake relocation using waveform cross-correlation and global bulletin data

[1] We have developed a double-difference algorithm to relocate earthquakes recorded at global seismic networks, using differential arrival times for first and later arriving regional and global phases to invert for the vectors connecting the hypocenters. Differential times are formed from global seismic bulletins and are accurately measured on similar seismograms by time domain waveform cross correlation. We evaluate the performance of this spherical, multiphase double-difference algorithm using three-dimensional regional-scale synthetic data and two sets of earthquake data in different tectonic settings. The first includes 3783 intermediate depth earthquakes that occurred between 1964 and 2000 in the subducting Nazca plate beneath northern Chile, where the relocated seismicity confirms a narrowly spaced double seismic zone previously imaged with temporary local seismic data. Residual statistics and comparison with accurately known locations indicate mean relative location errors at the 90% confidence level of 2.4 km laterally and 1.8 km vertically. Later events typically constrained by cross-correlation data have errors of 1.6 km laterally and 1.4 km vertically. The second data set includes 75 crustal earthquakes in the 1999 Izmit and Duzce, Turkey, aftershock sequences, where the double-difference solutions image orientation and dip of individual fault segments that are consistent with focal mechanisms and near-surface information. Fault complexity likely causes a low level of waveform similarity in this aftershock sequence and thus generates fewer correlated events compared to the Chile earthquakes. Differences between the double-difference locations and corresponding locations in global seismicity catalogs (Earthquake Data Report, EDR; International Seismological Centre, ISC; Engdahl-Hilst-Buland, EHB) are typically greater than 10 km. We evaluate the potential of cross-correlation and double-difference methods to improve hypocenter locations on a global scale.
The Apocalypse of Paul and the ‘Iranische Erlösungsmysterium’

AMONG New Testament apocrypha few have been more consistently neglected by modern scholarship than the so-called Apocalypse of Paul. This represents a strange reversal in the fortunes of the book, since at one time it ruled an almost universal favorite. Diverse tokens of this its original popularity still exist. The first will be found in the multiplicity of its ancient versions, manuscripts of which have been coming to light with some regularity since the eighteenth century, when Assemani indicated the existence of Syriac and Arabic codices in the Vatican Library.' A Greek form was discovered by Tischendorf in 1843 at Milan. Its text, however, collated with that of another manuscript at Munich, was not published till 1866,2 thus permitting the Syriac version, as represented by two codices from Urumiah translated by Justin Perkins, to be the first to appear in printed form." Subsequently one complete manuscript of a Latin version and a fragment of another were discovered, the former being edited by M. R. James in 1893.4 In
Proton conduction and characterization of an La(PO3)3–Ca(PO3)2 glass–ceramic

Abstract A dual phase glass–ceramic composite is produced by heating a CaLa(PO 3 ) 5 glass at 800 °C for 20 h. The glass–ceramic consists of intertwined crystalline La(PO 3 ) 3 and amorphous Ca(PO 3 ) 2 with an overall conductivity of 1.52 × 10 − 5 S/cm − 1 at 550 °C in humidified air. For the water vapor treated glass, the vibration modes of the incorporated water, as well as of P–OH groups, are detected by infrared spectroscopy in the range 3440–1660 cm − 1 . The conductivity of the glass–ceramic is higher in humidified air than in dry air, consistent with proton conduction.
System To Assess Genome Sequencing Needs for Viral Protein Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Computational analyses of genome sequences may elucidate protein signatures unique to a target pathogen. We constructed a Protein Signature Pipeline to guide the selection of short peptide sequences to serve as targets for detection and therapeutics. In silico identification of good target peptides that are conserved among strains and unique compared to other species generates a list of peptides. These peptides may be developed in the laboratory as targets of antibody, peptide, and ligand binding for detection assays and therapeutics or as targets for vaccine development. In this paper, we assess how the amount of sequence data affects our ability to identify conserved, unique protein signature candidates. To determine the amount of sequence data required to select good protein signature candidates, we have built a computationally intensive system called the Sequencing Analysis Pipeline (SAP). The SAP performs thousands of Monte Carlo simulations, each calling the Protein Signature Pipeline, to assess how the amount of sequence data for a target organism affects the ability to predict peptide signature candidates. Viral species differ substantially in the number of genomes required to predict protein signature targets. Patterns do not appear based on genome structure. There are more protein than DNA signatures due to greater intraspecific conservation at the protein than at the nucleotide level. We conclude that it is necessary to use the SAP as a dynamic system to assess the need for continued sequencing for each species individually and to update predictions with each additional genome that is sequenced.
Survivor Guilt in the University Setting.

Urban students who have witnessed psychological casualties among family members often feel guilty about being spared. “Survivor guilt” frequently results in emotional and academic difficulties.
Maternal and infant factors associated with excess kindergarten costs.

Objective. To estimate the excess educa- tional costs at kindergarten from infant and maternal factors that are reported routinely at birth. Methods. Birth and school records were analyzed for all children who were born in Florida between Septem- ber 1, 1990, and August 31, 1991, and entered kindergar- ten from 1996 through 1999 (N 120 554). Outcome measure was cost to state, derived from base allocation for students in regular classrooms plus multiplier weights for those who were assigned to 8 mutually ex- clusive special education categories or who repeated kin- dergarten. Results. More than one quarter of the study cohort was found to be assigned to special education classes at kindergarten. Regression model estimates indicated that children who were born at 2500 g. Children who were born at 1000 to 1499 g (n 839) generated 49% higher costs. Other birth conditions, independent of birth weight, were associated with higher kindergarten costs: family poverty (31%), congenital anomalies (29%), maternal education less than high school (20%), and no prenatal care (14%). Because of their prevalence, family poverty and low maternal edu- cation accounted for >75% of excess kindergarten costs. If 9% of infants who weighed between 1500 and 2499 g (n 1027) could be delivered at 2500 g, then the state of Florida potentially could save $1 million in kindergarten costs. Savings of a similar magnitude might be achieved if 3% of mothers who left school without a diploma (n 1528) were to graduate. Conclusions. Any policy recommendation aimed at reducing education costs in kindergarten must take into consideration 3 factors: the prevalence of risk conditions whose amelioration is desired, the potential cost savings associated with reducing those conditions, and the costs of amelioration. Projecting these costs from information that is available at birth can assist school districts and state agencies in allocating resources. Pediatrics 2004;114: 720-728; developmental disabilities, epidemiology, special education, economics, very low birth weight, longitudinal studies, risk factors.
A prototype printer for laser driven micro-transfer printing

Abstract This paper demonstrates a new mode of automated micro transfer printing called laser micro transfer printing (LμTP). As a process, micro-transfer printing provides a unique and critical manufacturing route to extracting active microstructures from growth substrates and deterministically assembling them into a variety of functional substrates ranging from polymers to glasses and ceramics and to metallic foils to support applications such as flexible, large-area electronics, concentrating photovoltaics and displays. Laser transfer printing extends micro-transfer printing technology by providing a non-contact approach that is insensitive to the preparation and properties of the receiving substrate. It does so by exploiting the difference in the thermo-mechanical responses of the microstructure and transfer printing stamp materials to drive the release of the microstructure or ‘ink’ from the stamp and its transfer to substrate. This paper describes the process and the physical phenomena that drive it. It focuses on the use of this knowledge to design and test a print head for the process. The print head is used to demonstrate the new printing capabilities that LμTP enables.
MHC class I characterization of Indonesian cynomolgus macaques.

Cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) are quickly becoming a useful model for infectious disease and transplantation research. Even though cynomolgus macaques from different geographic regions are used for these studies, there has been limited characterization of full-length major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I immunogenetics of distinct geographic populations. Here, we identified 48 MHC class I cDNA nucleotide sequences in eleven Indonesian cynomolgus macaques, including 41 novel Mafa-A and Mafa-B sequences. We found seven MHC class I sequences in Indonesian macaques that were identical to MHC class I sequences identified in Malaysian or Mauritian macaques. Sharing of nucleotide sequences between these geographically distinct populations is also consistent with the hypothesis that Indonesia was a source of the Mauritian macaque population. In addition, we found that the Indonesian cDNA sequence Mafa-B*7601 is identical throughout its peptide binding domain to Mamu-B*03, an allele that has been associated with control of Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) viremia in Indian rhesus macaques. Overall, a better understanding of the MHC class I alleles present in Indonesian cynomolgus macaques improves their value as a model for disease research, and it better defines the biogeography of cynomolgus macaques throughout Southeast Asia.
Adding Third-Party Authentication to Open edX: A Case Study

In this document, we describe the third-party authentication system we added to Open edX. With this system, Open edX administrators can allow their users to sign in with a large array of external authentication providers. We outline the features and advantages of the system, describe how it can be extended and customized, and highlight reusable design principles that can be applied to other authentication implementations in online education.
GAMMA IRRADIATION STUDIES OF SOME BORATE GLASSES

The gamma-ray-induced optical absorption in a series of cabal (calcium-boron-aluminum) glasses was studied and is interpreted, wherever possible, in terms of structural concepts. A resolution of the observed absorption spectra showed that three Gaussian-shaped bands were induced with their maxima at about 2.3, 3.5, and 5.0 e.v. (550, 350, and 250 mμ). The 2.3-e.v. band decreased in intensity with increasing CaO content, reaching a minimum intensity at a composition corresponding to the four-coordination of about 20% of the boron. Further increase in CaO content was associated with an increase in the intensity of this band. The intensity of the 3.5-e.v. band decreased gradually with increased mole per cent of CaO and increased with increased Al2O3. The 5.0-e.v. band showed an abrupt increase in intensity which corresponded to the appearance of non-bridging oxygens in the network. Replacing Ca2+ by Mg2+, Sr2+, or Ba2+ or replacing Li+ by Na+ or K+ showed that glasses containing large ions of low field strength give less induced absorption than glasses containing small ions of high field strength. A potassium alumina borate glass melted under reducing conditions gave a considerably higher ultraviolet transmission, before irradiation, as compared with the same glass melted under normal conditions. The gamma-induced absorption of these two glasses showed that reducing conditions resulted in a decrease in the intensity of the 2.3- and 3.5-e.v. bands, whereas it caused an increase in the far-ultraviolet-induced absorption. The effect of additions of arsenic, thallium, titanium, germanium, and some rare-earth oxides is discussed.
Racial disparities in red meat and poultry intake and breast cancer risk

Purpose Research on the role of red meat and poultry consumption in breast carcinogenesis is inconclusive, but the evidence in African-American (AA) women is lacking. The association between consuming meat and breast cancer risk was examined in the Women’s Circle of Health Study involving 803 AA cases, 889 AA controls, 755 Caucasian cases, and 701 Caucasian controls.
Roles of SGS1 , MUS81 , and RAD51 in the repair of lagging-strand replication defects in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast cells lacking the SGS1 DNA helicase and the MUS81 structure-specific endonuclease display a synthetic lethality that is suppressed by loss of the RAD51 recombinase. This epistatic interaction suggests that the primary function of SGS1 or MUS81, or both genes, is downstream of RAD51. To identify RAD51-independent functions of SGS1 and MUS81, a synthetic-lethal screen was performed on the sgs1 mus81 rad51triple mutant. We found that mutation of RNH202, which encodes a subunit of the hetero-trimeric RNase H2, generates a profound synthetic-sickness in this background. RNase H2 is thought to play a non-essential role in Okazaki fragment maturation. Cells lacking RNH202 showed synthetic growth defects when combined with either mus81 or sgs1 alone. But, whereas the loss of RAD51 had little effect on rnh202 sgs1 double mutants, it strongly inhibited the growth of rnh202 mus81 cells. These data indicate that the primary function of SGS1, but not MUS81, is downstream of RAD51. SGS1 must have some RAD51-independent function, however, since the growth of rnh202 mus81 rad51cells was further compromised by the loss of SGS1. Consistent with these results, we show that rnh202 cells display a sensitivity to DNA-damaging agents that is exacerbated in the absence of RAD51 or MUS81. These data support a model in which defects in lagging-strand replication are repaired by the Mus81 endonuclease or through a pathway dependent on Rad51 and Sgs1.
Educational Resources "Over the Head" of Neurosurgical Patients: The Economic Impact of Inadequate Health Literacy.

Background Health literacy is the ability with which individuals can obtain, understand, and apply basic health information. Approximately 36% of Americans have basic or below basic health literacy skills. This low health literacy is particularly prevalent in neurosurgery, a growing field of medicine with considerable complexity and a patient population commonly affected with disease-related cognitive impairment. Consequences of poor patient understanding range from increased emergency department admissions rates to reduced adherence to preoperative medication instructions. Economic implications include increasing health care expenditures, decreasing access to health care, and decreasing quality of care. Health literacy costs the United States $106–236 billion per year. Methods Consequences of inadequate patient understanding vary widely. This article reviews and addresses the economic impact of the failure to address low health literacy in neurosurgery. Results Various groups have proposed techniques and devised outlines to improve health literacy, such as detailing principles targeting the underlying issues of health care illiteracy. The government, through legislation including the Affordable Care Act and the National Action Plan to Improve Health Literacy, has also shown its desire to remedy the effects of insufficient health literacy. Conclusions Despite current efforts, further action is still needed. Health literacy is a key determinant in ensuring longevity and quality of life.
What Happens When Molecules Meet Nanostructures: The Convergence of Chemistry and Electronics at the Nanoscale

A number of solid-state devices yield useful chemical information based on interactions between molecules and molecule-sized features on the device. These include nanopores, nanowire field-effect transistor sensors, nanoscale redox sensors, and tunnel junctions. Here, we consider the electrochemical requirements needed for the stable operation of such devices. We also review the sources of noise and show how the correlations in noise generated by nanoscale sensors can be used to carry out single-molecule spectroscopy.
The Law—Penttila q -Clan Geometries

For a prime power q, a q-clan is a set of q 2 × 2 matrices over GF(q) whose pairwise differences give anisotropic quadratic forms. These objects are used to construct translation planes of order q 2, flocks of quadratic cones in PG,(3, q), and generalized quadrangles with parameters(q 2, q.)
The Development of AudEx: An Audit Data Assessment System

ABSTRACT: Tools to assist auditors in making sound, complete, and consistent judgements have become increasingly important due to regulation, litigation, and the desire to increase audit effectiveness. Historically, expert systems have been problem specific and created from scratch. Such systems were challenging to update and had limited adaptability when applied to additional problem spaces. If an adaptable system is possible, then costs and time may be reduced related to production, testing, and implementation of quality audit tools. Increased availability of such tools could be a tremendous benefit to auditors. Using a design science research method, this paper describes the process used to create a fraud risk assessment audit tool by embedding audit rules into a generic expert system shell that is widely used in the medical field. The resulting decision and training aid can assist auditors in making fraud risk assessments. While prior research has addressed many components of the issue, the current sy...
Finite Element Method Based Model to Solve Three Dimensional Heat Conduction Equations for Photovoltaic Modules

In this paper, an efficient finite element based computer model to solve three dimensional heat conduction equations in photovoltaic (PV) modules is presented. Typically, a photovoltaic module experiences flux type boundary conditions all around. A complex three dimensional heat conduction occurs within the module due to the patchy thermal properties of the module materials. A detailed investigation of the unsteady heat transfer is required to study the PV performance. The heat conduction equation is solved by the node-based Galerkin finite element method. A matrix-free generalized minimal residual (GMRES) method is used to solve for the module temperatures. The present model uses an implicit method, which is very efficient and can use a large time step without losing accuracy and stability.
Submodules of Free Modules

(1981). Submodules of Free Modules. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 88, No. 1, pp. 53-53.
An investigation of the effect of tabs on jets using advanced diagnostics

M.F. Reeder’, M. Samimy2, and G.S. Elliott3 Department of Mechanical Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus OH 43210 *. . * ’ s ( 1 The effect of tabs on supersonic jets has been assessed using two laser-based experimental techniques. In the fust instance, visualizations of the mixing layer were obtained simultaneously eom two orthogonal vantage points, yielding considerable insight into the characteristics of the mixing. Secondly, quantitative data was gathered using filtered Rayleigh scattering (FRS). Instantaneous images were collected for both techniques using aNd:YAG pulsed laser and intensified CCD cameras. Average streamwise velocities were measured in isothermal Mach 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 jets using FRS across the two-dimensional image field. When tabs were employed, the molecular scattering clearly showed the drastic deformation of the jet. From these images, quantitative data was derived which definitively identifies the presence of counter-rotating streamwise vortices generated by each tab.
An Investigation of Health Status of Diagnostic Radiology and Radiotherapy Workers in Shanghai Downtown Areas

[Objective]To investigate the health status of diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy workers in Shanghai downtown areas and to find the correlation between personal dose and health indices.[ Methods] Questionnaires were collected from 2 086 radiation workers in 9 districts.[Results] The average year personal cumulative dose during 2001-2005 was 0.72 mSv,with a maximum of 1.56 mSv in interventional radiology workers and a minimum of 0.43 mSv in dental radiography workers(P0.05). The average year personal cumulative dose of workers between groups with different service length have no statistic significance(P0.05). The abnormal rates of hemoglobin(Hb),neutrophilicgranulocyte(NEUT)and lymphocyte (LYM)from persons who were engaged in interventional radiology were 33.33%(P 0.05),40.91%(P0.05)and 45.45% (P0.05),respectively slightly higher than other radiation workers. Positive correlation was found between the average year personal cumulative dose and white blood cell(WBC)(r=0.061,P=0.017),as well as and platelet(PLT()r=0.098,P=0.000). [Conclusion] The personal dose which diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy workers in Shanghai downtown areas received is relatively low during 2001-2005,while difference exists between types of work(P0.05). The abnormal rate of some blood parameters from persons who were engaged in interventional radiology is higher than others. Correlation is exists between personal cumulative dose and some blood indices.
New science brings opportunity for museums

AbstractScientific advances in medicine and related fields demand an informed and participating public. However many established venues for public communication, such as the internet or news talk shows, become conflicted in their messaging, inserting doubt about the very processes of scientific progress and discovery. Museums have managed to rise above such conflicts, vetting discussion to provide an unbiased, safe, and balanced platform to facilitate the public's understanding of issues, paving a road to policy debate and decision.
Reassessment of the Value of Post-Vascularization Biopsy Performed at Renal Transplantation: The Effects of Arteriosclerosis

AbstractBetween January 1, 1984 and December 31, 1991, 471 cadaver renal transplants were performed. We reviewed 130 transplants, which were biopsied 30 minutes to 1 hour after the establishment of renal allograft blood flow. Analysis showed a significant difference in 2-year graft survival rate between the groups with and without arteriosclerosis (71.8% versus 65.9%, p 0.8).
Community context of minors’ access to tobacco in 20 communities in the United States

Five million children and adolescents under 18 years of age in the United States will die prematurely from smoking-related diseases if current patterns of smoking persist. The commonest source of tobacco for minors is the retail store. We designed a large study to evaluate the community context in which tobacco sales to minors occur. We asked 16-year-old girls to attempt to buy tobacco in 725 stores in 20 communities and conducted telephone surveys with 579 store managers, 449 clerks and 151 community leaders to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding tobacco sales to minors.
Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Transgender Women Receiving Oral Estradiol.

Abstract Introduction One of the most serious known adverse effects of feminizing cross-sex hormone therapy (CSHT) is venous thromboembolism (VTE); however, no study has assessed the incidence of VTE from the hormone therapies used in the United States because previous publications on this topic have originated in Europe. CSHT in the United States typically includes estradiol with the antiandrogen spironolactone, whereas in Europe estradiol is prescribed with the progestin cyproterone acetate. Aim To estimate the incidence of VTE from the standard feminizing CSHTs used in the United States. Methods A retrospective chart review of transgender women who had been prescribed oral estradiol at a District of Columbia community health center was performed. Main Outcome Measure The primary outcomes of interest were deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary emboli. Results From January 1, 2008 through March 31, 2016, 676 transgender women received oral estradiol-based CSHT for a total of 1,286 years of hormone treatment and a mean of 1.9 years of CSHT per patient. Only one individual, or 0.15% of the population, sustained a VTE, for an incidence of 7.8 events per 10,000 person-years. Conclusion There was a low incidence of VTE in this population of transgender women receiving oral estradiol.
Collection and preservation of Trichoptera for use in DNA research

Methods of preservation for DNA work for Trichoptera are presented for both adult and immature stages.
The Normative, the Proper, and the Sublime: Notes on the Use of Figure and Emotion in Prophetic Argument

Too often in argumentation studies, an emphasis on argumentative norms fails to give adequate weight to elements of emotion and style that are essential to public speech at its best, not only in ordinary practice but especially in those rare moments where public speech arrives at the sublime. In this paper we examine the coordination of argument with figurative and emotive language whose combination yields sublime effects in the poetry of the Hebrew prophets as well as in examples of modern discourse. It is shown that poetic figures, while not fully reducible to argumentative norms, nor rational in the sense commonly applied to argumentation, do in fact contribute in propriety in public discourse; moreover, they surpass mere propriety to generate moments of the sublime.
The spontaneous juvenile alopecia (jal) mutation in mice is associated with the insertion of an IAP element in the Gata3 gene

Background: A combination of genetic fine-mapping and complementation testing was used previously to assign the juvenile alopecia mutation (abbreviated jal) to the GATA binding protein 3 (Gata3) ge...
Network Marker Selection for Untargeted LC-MS Metabolomics Data.

Untargeted metabolomics using high-resolution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) is becoming one of the major areas of high-throughput biology. Functional analysis, that is, analyzing the data based on metabolic pathways or the genome-scale metabolic network, is critical in feature selection and interpretation of metabolomics data. One of the main challenges in the functional analyses is the lack of the feature identity in the LC–MS data itself. By matching mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) values of the features to theoretical values derived from known metabolites, some features can be matched to one or more known metabolites. When multiple matchings occur, in most cases only one of the matchings can be true. At the same time, some known metabolites are missing in the measurements. Current network/pathway analysis methods ignore the uncertainty in metabolite identification and the missing observations, which could lead to errors in the selection of significant subnetworks/pathways. In this paper, w...
Eccentric Exercise to Enhance Neuromuscular Control.

Context:Neuromuscular alterations are a major causal factor of primary and secondary injuries. Though injury prevention programs have experienced some success, rates of injuries have not declined, and after injury, individuals often return to activity with functionality below clinical recommendations. Considering alternative therapies to the conventional concentric exercise approach, such as one that can target neuromuscular injury risk and postinjury alterations, may provide for more effective injury prevention and rehabilitation protocols.Evidence Acquisition:Peer-reviewed sources available on the Web of Science and MEDLINE databases from 2000 through 2016 were gathered using searches associated with the keywords eccentric exercise, injury prevention, and neuromuscular control.Hypothesis:Eccentric exercise will reduce injury risk by targeting specific neural and morphologic alterations that precipitate neuromuscular dysfunction.Study Design:Clinical review.Level of Evidence:Level 4.Results:Neuromuscular...
State Transportation Planning: Linking Quantifiable Performance Measures and Infrastructure Condition Outcomes:

This study focuses on whether state Departments of Transportations (DOTs) with quantifiable performance targets have better road repair and maintenance outcomes than DOTs without quantifiable perfo...
Abstract WP217: Sex Differences in Coagulation After Stroke: Factor XI Levels Drop After Acute Ischemic Stroke

Introduction: Sex differences in coagulation have been well documented, but it is unknown if post-stroke coagulation factor levels differ by sex. High levels of Factor XI (FXI) and Factor XII (FXII) have been associated with increased incidence of acute ischemic stroke (AIS), especially in women. Hypothesis: This study investigates the hypothesis that levels of FXI, FXII and Plasminogen Activating Inhibitor (PAI1) are different after AIS in men and women. Methods: This was a retrospective study using a biomarker database of patients who presented to the emergency department with stroke. Sample collection occurred 24 hours after AIS onset. Plasma levels of FXI, FXII and PAI1 were assessed with ELISA in a population of 73 patients with no prior history of coagulation disorders, including 29 controls and 44 AIS patients confirmed by MRI, mean age = 68.7+/- 15.1, and 47% female. Log transformation was done before fitting the model. ANOVA was used to investigate the relationship between factor levels in sex and stroke. Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests were used for paired group comparisons. Results: FXI levels were significantly higher in control subjects compared to AIS (p-value=0.007). FXI levels were also higher in females than in males, nearing statistical significance (p-value=0.053). PAI1 and FXII levels were not statistically different in men vs. women, or in control vs. AIS patients. Female controls had higher FXI levels than male AIS patients (0.487, 95% CI 0.085-0.889). Conclusion: Stroke patients were found to have significantly lower levels of FXI compared to controls. This demonstrates that the pathological process of AIS may result in depletion of circulating plasma FXI at 24 hours after stroke onset. Overall, in stroke and control patients, there was a trend for females to have higher levels of FXI than men. No significant sex or stroke differences were found in FXII or PAI1 levels, likely due to sample size. Additional samples are being evaluated to determine if this stroke-induced decrease in FXI levels is associated with functional outcomes.
Predicting the distribution of emotion perception: capturing inter-rater variability

Emotion perception is person-dependent and variable. Dimensional characterizations of emotion can capture this variability by describing emotion in terms of its properties (e.g., valence, positive vs. negative, and activation, calm vs. excited). However, in many emotion recognition systems, this variability is often considered "noise" and is attenuated by averaging across raters. Yet, inter-rater variability provides information about the subtlety or clarity of an emotional expression and can be used to describe complex emotions. In this paper, we investigate methods that can effectively capture the variability across evaluators by predicting emotion perception as a discrete probability distribution in the valence-activation space. We propose: (1) a label processing method that can generate two-dimensional discrete probability distributions of emotion from a limited number of ordinal labels; (2) a new approach that predicts the generated probabilistic distributions using dynamic audio-visual features and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Our experimental results on the MSP-IMPROV corpus suggest that the proposed approach is more effective than the conventional Support Vector Regressions (SVRs) approach with utterance-level statistical features, and that feature-level fusion of the audio and video modalities outperforms decision-level fusion. The proposed CNN model predominantly improves the prediction accuracy for the valence dimension and brings a consistent performance improvement over data recorded from natural interactions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of generating emotion distributions from limited number of labels and predicting the distribution using dynamic features and neural networks.
Analysis of noisy 2D angiographic images for improved blood flow rate quantification in dialysis access

Measurement of access blood flow rate pre- and post-angioplasty is a marker of interventional success and confirmation of dialysis access function restoration during endovascular procedures. In this paper, we discuss the effects of noise on indicator-dilution curves at various acquisition and flow conditions and investigate the methods to minimize such errors through the use of noise reducing techniques. It was found that for peak to peak algorithm using gamma variate curve fit, the overall mean accuracy of all simulated conditions was 23% above measured flow, while for cross-correlation algorithm using mean filter method the overall mean accuracy was 18% above measured flow. The mean quantification accuracy based on all measured flow conditions was considered best at 3 F/s-which correlate to conditions for minimum radiation risk. The results of this study will be useful to understand the impact of noise on accuracy and for selecting optimum methods and acquisition parameters to improve computational accuracy while aiming for minimum radiation dose.
The nation's energy dilemma

‘As soon as we are able to grasp that using energy more effectively is the key to extricating ourselves from the energy dilemma, the dilemma will become manageable.’
Unlimited Data?: Placing Limits on Searching Cell Phone Data Incident to a Lawful Arrest

The “search incident to arrest exception” is one of several exceptions to the general requirement that police must obtain a warrant supported by probable cause before conducting a search. Under the exception, an officer may lawfully search an arrestee’s person and the area within the arrestee’s immediate control without a warrant or probable cause, so long as the search is conducted contemporaneously with the lawful arrest. The U.S. Supreme Court has justified the exception based on the need for officers to discover and remove any weapons or destructible evidence that may be within the arrestee’s reach. Additionally, the Court has held that, under the exception, police may search any containers found on the arrestee’s person without examining the likelihood of uncovering weapons or evidence related to the arrestee’s offense. In light of these principles, should the exception permit officers to search the data of a cell phone found on an arrestee’s person? In January 2014, the Supreme Court granted certiorari to review two appellate rulings and resolve a split among the circuits and state courts on this question. This Note examines three approaches courts have taken to resolve the issue: a broad approach, a middle approach, and a narrow approach. This Note argues that the Supreme Court should adopt the narrow approach and prohibit warrantless searches of cell phone data under the exception.
Pseudoinverse Image Restoration Computational Algorithms

Digital processing techniques have been widely utilized for the restoration of blurred and noisy images . The major limitations associated with such techniques arise from the large dimensionality of practical images. Large dimensionality not only leads to lengthy processing, but more importantly, creates problems of numerical instability.
Drug Interference with the Biochemical Assessment of Nutritional Status: Analytical and Biological Effects

Drugs can interfere with the biochemical assessment of nutritional status through analytical or biological effects (Roe 1981). Analytical effects include all interferences that result from chemical interactions in the test procedure (see Table 8.1). It is generally accepted that these effects are not caused by any in vivo nutritional changes caused by the drug. Conversely, biological interference involves a drug-nutrient interaction in vivo that affects nutritional status (see Table 8.2). Analytical effects involve a change in test values that is similar in all samples from patients who have received similar doses of the drug.
Effect of applied magnetic field on microstructure of electrodeposited copper

Abstract There have been many fundamental studies on magnetic field-assisted electrodeposition that focus on the initial stages of thin film deposition but not on the resulting microstructural features (texture, grain size, grain boundary character, phase distribution) of the plating. In this communication we present results on the influence of a gradient magnetic field on the microstructural features of thick (>100μm) electrodeposited copper films. It is shown by electron backscatter diffraction characterization that the application of a gradient magnetic field influenced the grain size and twin boundary fraction. Depletion of Cu2+ ions at the substrate caused by the magnetic gradient force resulted in lower plating thicknesses and larger grain sizes when the direction of applied magnetic field and current was parallel. On the other hand, the magnetic field has little effect on the thickness and grain size for the anti-parallel case. In all cases increased convective flow offered by local magnetohydrodynamic effect resulted in substantially higher twin boundary fraction.