cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental Involvement Buffers Associations Between Pump Duration and Metabolic Control among Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes

Objectives To examine pump duration associations with adolescents’ metabolic control and whether parental involvement moderated this association. Methods This study used a cross-sectional sample of 10to 14-year-olds with diabetes (N ¼ 252, 53.6% female) and parents’ reported parental involvement; HbA1c was obtained from medical records. Half (50.8%) were on an insulin pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, CSII), with the remainder prescribed multiple daily injections (MDI). Results Adolescents on CSII displayed better HbA1c than those on MDI. A curvilinear association revealed that participants on CSII for <2 years showed a positive pump duration-HbA1c association, while those on CSII longer showed no association. Parental involvement interacted with pump duration to predict HbA1c. Pump duration was associated with poorer HbA1c only when parents were relatively uninvolved. Conclusions Within the limitations of a cross-sectional design, data suggest that adolescents on CSII have better HbA1c than those on MDI, but may experience a period of deterioration that can be offset by parental involvement.
Building Robust Psychotherapies for Children and Adolescents.

Psychotherapies for children and adolescents have been tested in hundreds of randomized controlled trials across five decades, and many of these youth therapies have now been classified as empirica...
Ultimate and Proximal Determinants of Motivation Given an Attribution Perspective and the Metaphors Guiding Attribution Theory

Attribution theory includes mastery and maintenance of society among its ultimate determinants of action and a variety of information sources and emotions as the proximal or immediate determinants of motivation. These goals are guided by two metaphors: the person as a scientist and the person as a judge. I discuss these positions and point out some of the perceived limitations of the articles in this special issue.
Enhanced Recognition and Neutralization of HIV-1 by Antibody-Derived CCR5-Mimetic Peptide Variants

A tyrosine-sulfated CCR5-mimetic peptide, CCR5mim1, inhibits HIV-1 infection more efficiently than sulfopeptides based on the CCR5 amino terminus. Here we characterized sulfopeptide chimeras of CCR5mim1 and the heavy-chain CDR3 of the antibody PG16. Two chimeras bound a range of envelope glycoproteins and neutralized HIV-1 more efficiently than CCR5mim1. An immunoadhesin form of one of these, CCR5mim2-Ig, synergized with CD4-Ig to neutralize HIV-1. These sulfopeptides are among the broadest and most potent CCR5-mimetic peptides described to date.
Characterization of raloxifene glucuronidation. Potential role of UGT1A8 genotype on raloxifene metabolism in vivo

Raloxifene is a second-generation selective estrogen receptor modulator used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis and the prevention of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. Raloxifene is extensively metabolized by glucuronidation to form raloxifene-6-glucuronide (ral-6-Gluc) and raloxifene-4'-glucuronide (ral-4'-Gluc). The goal of the present study was to determine whether functional polymorphisms in active UGTs could play a role in altered raloxifene glucuronidation in vivo. Using homogenates from HEK293 UGT-overexpressing cell lines, raloxifene was shown to be glucuronidated primarily by the hepatic UGTs 1A1 and 1A9 and the extra-hepatic UGTs 1A8 and 1A10; no detectable raloxifene glucuronidation activity was found for UGT2B enzymes. Functional UGT1A1 transcriptional promoter genotypes were significantly (Ptrend = 0.005) associated with ral-6-Gluc formation in human liver microsomes, and, consistent with the decreased raloxifene glucuronidation activities observed in vitro with cell lines overexpressing UGT1A8 variants, the UGT1A8*2 variant was significantly (P = 0.023) correlated with total raloxifene glucuronide formation in human jejunum homogenates. While ral-4'-Gluc exhibited 1:100th the anti-estrogenic activity of raloxifene itself as measured by binding to the estrogen receptor, raloxifene glucuronides comprised about 99% of the circulating raloxifene dose in raloxifene-treated subjects, with ral-4'-Gluc comprising ~70% of raloxifene glucuronides. Plasma ral-6-Gluc (Ptrend = 0.0025), ral-4'-Gluc (Ptrend = 0.001), and total raloxifene glucuronides (Ptrend = 0.001) were increased in raloxifene-treated subjects who were predicted slow metabolizers [UGT1A8 (*1/*3)] versus intermediate metabolizers [UGT1A8 (*1/*1) or UGT1A8 (*1/*2)] versus fast metabolizers [UGT1A8 (*2/*2). These data suggest that raloxifene metabolism may be dependent on UGT1A8 genotype and that UGT1A8 genotype may play an important role in overall response to raloxifene.
Design and fabrication of a new sol-gel based planar solar concentrator for cost effective photovoltaics

A planar concentrating solar cell based on a highly transparent sol-gel concentrator, metallic mirrors, and double sided PV devices is described. Highly transparent silica glasses, synthesized by sol-gel polymerization of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), accompanied with an Ag back reflector were used for concentrating sunlight. By using TEOS, hydrochloric acid, ethanol, and water as the precursors for synthesizing sol-gel glass and optimizing the polymerization process, highly transparent glasses with absorption coefficients of as low as 0.1 cm−1 were obtained in a wide wavelength spectrum ranging from 350 nm – 1100 nm. The sol-gel material was cast into desired shape. The proposed planar solar cell was simulated using the data obtained from UV-Vis absorption measurements and it was shown that the proposed design is capable of reducing the area of PV devices up to 75%.
The Quality of Published Adverse Drug Event Reports

BACKGROUND:Case reports of adverse drug events (ADEs) are an important source of information.OBJECTIVE:To determine what variables are reported in ADE case reports, how causality was assessed for each report, and what criteria are specified for publishing ADE case reports.METHODS:A descriptive analysis of highly significant ADE case reports published in English over a 20-year period was performed. Main outcome measures included frequency distributions for the types of variables reported. The presence of causality assessment and the criteria for submitting an ADE report to practitioner journals were also examined.RESULTS:A highly significant ADE was described in 1520 published case reports during the study period. Three patient variables were reported >90% of the time, while 12 others were reported 90% of the time; 6 others were reported 14–74% of the time. Most of the relevant ADE variables were reported most often. Added information for drug interactio...
Assembling a pluton…one increment at a time

How long does it take to form a large granitic pluton, and how are plutons related in time and space to magma chambers and their erupted products? These questions are at the heart of a spirited and ongoing debate in the crustal igneous petrology community over how to reconcile field observations of
The 1960 Term of the Supreme Court: A Psychological Analysis.

Much recent research in the decision-making of the United States Supreme Court has been characterized by a pronounced emphasis upon the invocation of socio-psychological theory' and statistical methods of data processing2 in lieu of exclusive reliance upon the legal-historical theory and methods typical of most research in this field of study. Symbolic of this development is the increasing tendency of political scientists to consider constitutional law as an aspect of political behavior as well as a branch of law, and correspondingly, to study the subject matter as judicial behavior. Naturally, this recent work has evinced a preoccupation with unidimensional analysis, since it is less complicated to work with one variable than with many, and the experience so gained no doubt is a prerequisite to multivariate study. Nevertheless, students who remain committed to the more traditional workways in constitutional law are quite right in insisting, as they
Radiosynthesis of 3‐(3‐[18F]fluoropropoxy)‐4‐(benzyloxy)‐N‐[(1‐dimethylaminocyclopentyl)methyl]‐5‐methoxybenzamide, a potential PET radiotracer for the glycine transporter GlyT‐2

The recently described selective and potent GlyT2 antagonist, 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-N-[(1-dimethylaminocyclopentyl) methyl]benzamide (IC50=16 nM) provided an important additional tool to further characterize GlyT2 pharmacology. In order to identify an effective PET radioligand for in vivo assessment of the GlyT-2 transporter, 3-(3-[18F]fluoropropoxy)-4-(benzyloxy)-N-((1-dimethylaminocyclopentyl) methyl)-5-methoxybenzamide ([18F]3), a novel analog of 4-benzyloxy-3,5-dimethoxy-N-[(1-dimethylaminocyclopentyl) methyl]benzamide was synthesized using a one-pot, two-step method. The NCA radiofluorination of 1,3-propanediol di-p-tosylate in the presence of K2CO3 and Kryptofix-222 in acetonitrile gave 81% 3-[18F]fluoropropyl tosylate, which was subsequently coupled with 4-benzyloxy-3-hydroxy-5-methoxy-N-[(1-dimethylaminocyclopentyl) methyl]benzamide in the same reaction vessel. Solvent extraction and HPLC (Eclipse XDB-C8 column, 80/20/0.1 MeOH/H2O/Et3N, 3.0 ml/min) gave [18F]3 in 98.5% radiochemical purity. The radiochemical yield was determined to be 14.0–16.2% at EOS, and the specific activity was 1462±342 GBq/µmol. The time of synthesis and purification was 128 min. The final product was prepared as a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variability in State Policy Priorities: An Empirical Analysis

This article examines variability in policy priorities across the American states; that is, the ways that state governments allocate resources to meet societal needs. Specifically, our analysis uses 1992 data on state program expenditures to produce a comprehensive geometric representation- or model-of state policy priorities for that year. This model is parsimonious, powerful, and substantively meaningful. The structure of state policy priorities is manifested as a sharp contrast between programs that deliver particularized benefits and those that supply collective goods. Furthermore, we show that policy priorities are largely determined by public opinion and interest group activity within the respective states. Therefore, our analysis not only operationalizes successfully a critical aspect of the policy process; it also makes a useful contribution to the study of state politics.
SAABCOT: Secure application-agnostic bandwidth conservation techniques

High speed modern networks are tasked with moving large amounts of data to diverse groups of interested parties. Often under heavy loads, a significant portion of the data exhibits large amounts of redundancy on short and/or long-term time scales. As a result, a large body of work has emerged offering bandwidth conservation exemplified by the work in caching and multicast. The majority of the techniques that have experienced widespread adoption rely on parsing / reacting to application-specific data. With the advent of simplified end-to-end security, as introduced by IPv6, these techniques will no longer have access to the plaintext data. We present a novel technique for preserving security while allowing in-network devices to identify redundant data flows in order to apply bandwidth conservation techniques. Our communication protocol does not require modifications to existing applications nor does it inflict a significant amount of overhead to the existing network infrastructure.
Neural coding of interaural time difference

The authors present several ideas relevant to the neural coding of interaural time difference for binaural sound localization. The nonhomogeneous Poisson point process is used to model neural activity in the auditory nerve. A simple paradigm is proposed for relating acoustic stimuli to the intensity function of the Poisson process. A coincidence model for place coding of timing information is described in this framework. Some examples are included followed by comments about future research. >
Design options for a pulsed-power upgrade of the Z accelerator

We are presently considering an extensive modification of the Z accelerator at the Sandia National Laboratories to both increase the current and radiative power, and to improve the facility, diagnostics, and shot rate. Record-breaking peak x-ray powers and Hohlraum temperatures achieved in z-pinch experiments on this machine motivate this effort. The electrical design goal of the upgrade is to drive a 40-mm diameter, 20-mm long wire-array z-pinch load with a peak current of 26 MA with a 100-ns implosion. Several changes to the pulsed-power design of Z are being considered. They are to increase the energy and lower the inductance of the Marx bank, increase the capacitance of the intermediate-store water capacitor, increase the voltage hold-off capability of the laser-triggered gas switch, lengthen the first section of the water pulse-forming line, remove impedance mismatches in the pulse-forming line, and adjust field grading on the water side of the insulator stack. With these changes Z will be able to provide peak currents greater than 26 MA, and x-ray energies exceeding 2.7 MJ. We plan to use the existing oil and water tanks, use the existing insulator stack and MITL's, and as much of the existing Marx-bank hardware as feasible. Circuit-code calculations for one design option are shown. The results of these simulations, when applied to standard water-breakdown criteria, are used to determine the size of the intermediate store (IS) and pulse-forming-line (PFL) components. We also indicate where further component development is needed.
A refinement of the Four-Atom Conjecture

In network information theory, Shannon-type inequalities are not enough to describe the entropy regions if there are more than three random variables. The Ingleton inequality is one of the most interesting and useful non-Shannon-type inequalities in four random variables. It is satisfied by linear network codes, but not by all network codes. A measure of how much it fails by is given by the Ingleton score. The Four-Atom Conjecture of R. Dougherty, C Freiling, and K. Zeger states that the Ingleton score cannot exceed 0.089373. Using groups to characterize the entropy region, we propose a two-dimensional extension of the Ingleton score, which yields finer information. In particular, we conjecture constraints on this two-dimensional Ingleton score, i.e. a refinement of the Four-Atom Conjecture. Also, we present two families of examples that between them produce all permissible two-dimensional Ingleton scores.
Cardiac inflammation and innate immunity in septic shock: is there a role for toll-like receptors?

Our current understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis suggests that bacteria as well as bacterial-derived products activate an uncontrolled network of host-derived mediators such as proinflammatory cytokines (ie, tumor necrosis factor [TNF] and interleukin [IL]-1β), which can ultimately lead to cardiovascular collapse and death. Despite the potentially important role that TNF and IL-1β may play in producing cardiac dysfunction in human septic shock, little is known with regard to the basic biochemical mechanism(s) by which bacterial pathogens induce their expression in the heart. A major advance in understanding the early events that are downstream from bacterial-mediated signaling has been the identification of Toll-like receptors (TLRs). TLR-mediated signaling is known to activate the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB and to upregulate TNF expression. It has recently been shown that the heart expresses TLRs, raising the possibility that these receptors may be responsible for mediating the deleterious effects of bacterial pathogens on cardiac function. In this review, we will discuss the emerging role for TLRs in the pathogenesis of the cardiovascular collapse that occurs during sepsis.
The mosquito genome: Organization, evolution and manipulation

Apart from the genetic flexibility of the vectors, impediments to the control of vector-borne diseases include the rapid spread of drug resistance throughout parasite populations, the increasing movement of people to and from disease-endemic regions and the limited funds and public health infrastructures of most developing countries. The widely used residual insecticides and antiparasitic drugs have been inadequate solutions to the problem of vector-borne disease control. New approaches are needed. The enormous impact of recent developments in molecular genetics on the understanding of basic biology and human disease has stimulated a re-examination of the prospects for genetic manipulation of vector populations as a means for reducing or eliminating vector-borne diseases, especially malarial. Although control scenarios that exploit this technology may never be realized, Nora Besansky and Frank Collins emphasize that the increase in knowledge of basic mosquito biology on which these ideas depend will inevitably stimulate novel approaches to the control of mosquito-borne diseases.
Block copolymer-templated nitrogen-enriched nanocarbons with morphology-dependent electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction

Binder-free films of nitrogen-enriched nanocarbons, prepared by the pyrolysis of polyacrylonitrile-block-poly(n-butyl acrylate) copolymer drop-casted on glassy carbon disk electrode, exhibited high electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), matching that of Pt-based electrocatalyst. Dependence of the activity on pyrolysis temperature revealed that it is governed by the interplay of nitrogen content and electrical conductivity of the material. It was demonstrated that a nanocarbon formed by pyrolysis at 800 °C provided both large number of electrons transferred and high kinetic current density. ORR performance has been shown to critically depend on the presence of a nanoporous structure, suggesting that it facilitates high density and accessibility of catalytic sites, such as nitrogen-terminated edges of nanographitic domains.
Identifying candidate genes for variation in sleep-related quantitative traits

Materials and methods Using a two-pronged approach to solve this problem, publicly available microarray data from NCBI GEO (National Center for Biotechnology Information – Gene Expression Omnibus) database was used to develop a list of sleep-related genes for traits of interest. The data were analyzed using R Bioconductor and custom Perl scripts. The genes from this list were then matched with the genes in QTL (Quantitative Trait Loci) for the trait. The genes within the QTL chromosomal region matching any in the list of sleep-related genes were considered as potential candidates for causing variations in the quantitative trait.
An Electromyographic Analysis of Two Techniques for Squat Lifting and Lowering

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of two different alignments of the pelvis and three different loads on electromyographic (EMG) activity of the erector spinae and oblique abdominal muscles during squat lifting and lowering. Each of 15 healthy subjects lifted and lowered loads with the pelvis aligned both in an anterior tilt and in a posterior tilt. Based on total duration, both the lift and the lower were divided into two equal phases. The EMG activity of each muscle was quantified for each half of both the lift and the lower and was normalized to the total EMG produced by the muscle during a maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The results indicate (1) that the EMG activity of the erector spinae muscles was greater when subjects maintained an anterior tilt than when they maintained a posterior tilt; (2) that the EMG activity of the oblique abdominal muscles was greater in the first half of the lift than in the second half for both lifting styles, although the opposite was true for both lowering styles; and (3) that the EMG activity increased with increasing loads. The results suggest that the greater trunk muscle activity occurring with the anterior tilt position may ensure optimal muscular support for the spine while handling loads, thereby reducing the risk for low back injury.
Solving time-critical decision-making problems with predictable computational demands

In this work we present an approach to solving time-critical decision-making problems by taking advantage of domain structure to expand the amount of time available for processing difficult combinatorial tasks. Our approach uses predictable variability in computational demands to allocate on-line deliberation time and exploits problem regularity and stochastic models of environmental dynamics to restrict attention to small subsets of the state space. This approach demonstrates how slow, high-level systems (e.g., for planning and scheduling) might interact with faster, more reactive systems (e.g., for real-time execution and monitoring) and enables us to generate timely solutions to difficult combinatorial planning and scheduling problems such as air traffic control.
Adolescents' Experience with Workplace Aggression: School Health Implications.

Aggression exposure is a critical health issue facing adolescents in the United States. Exposure occurs in various settings including home, school, and the community. An emerging context for aggression exposure is in the workplace. Thirty adolescent employees age 16-18 participated in a qualitative study exploring proposed responses to future workplace aggression. Semistructured interviews were used to gather participants' proposed responses to a series of hypothetical aggressive incidents in the workplace. Conventional content analysis identified patterns and themes among the participants' responses. Results indicated adolescent employees' proposed responses to workplace aggression are similar to other forms of aggression such as peer-bullying and teen dating violence. Education and training are needed within the school setting to promote appropriate responses to various forms of aggression encountered by adolescents. Implications for school health professionals' involvement in addressing responses to such aggression and further research opportunities are explored. Language: en
Cleanability of dental instruments – implications of residual protein and risks from Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Cleaning of dental instruments is the first line of control in reducing the adherent bioburden. The threat of vCJD and the difficulty in removing prion protein has provided a new challenge for cleaning surgical and dental instruments. Prion proteins are also more resistant to many disinfection and sterilisation techniques. A number of different methods are currently available in primary care for cleaning instruments including manual washing, ultrasonic cleaners and washer disinfectors. Manual cleaning of dental instruments is time-consuming, introduces operator error and the risk of puncture wounds, is not reproducible and does not completely remove debris from instruments. Ultrasonic baths are significantly more effective than hand cleaning alone and are currently used by the majority of dental surgeries (often as an adjunct to manual cleaning). Automated washer-disinfectors appear to provide a validated, reliable and reproducible procedure for disinfection and sterilisation of dental instruments to ensure both the safety of patients and dental staff. Dental instruments that are difficult to clean are frequently contaminated with tissue debris after routine reprocessing and cannot be excluded as a potential transmission risk for infectious agents, including prions. The transmission of vCJD via dentistry is considered to be low risk, however, the Department of Health (DoH) has recently advised dentists to ensure that endodontic reamers and files are treated as single-use as a precautionary basis in order to further reduce any risk of vCJD transmission.
National Trends in Psychiatric Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) Diagnosis and Medication Use Among Adults in Outpatient Treatment.

Objective:This study examined national trends between 1999 and 2010 in not otherwise specified (NOS) DSM-IV psychiatric diagnoses and in related medication treatment patterns reported for adults during outpatient physician office visits.Methods:Data on physician office visits by adults (ages 18–64) with a psychiatric diagnosis were from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1999–2010) (N=52,026). Trends for visits with full-criteria diagnoses compared with visits with NOS diagnoses were analyzed for major psychiatric diagnostic groups, physician specialty, and prescribed medications. Population weighted chi square and logistic regression analyses were utilized.Results:Between 1999–2002 and 2007–2010, the proportion of all mental health visits by adults to office-based physicians that involved an NOS diagnosis increased significantly, from 42% to 50% (p<.001). Significant proportional increases in NOS diagnoses included bipolar disorders NOS (5% t...
Global maximum-parsimony based ancestral reconstruction with non-universal genes

Ancestral reconstruction can be useful in many facets of genetic analysis. It allows for a look into the (potential) past, and can provide a clearer idea of species divergance. Unfortunately, ancestral construction is not as easy with swiftly changing genomes as input. Confounding factors such as horizontal gene transfer and gene loss limit available information under current heuristics that mitigate the computational difficulty of finding an exact solution. Here, we address a specific limitation of these heursitics, namely the restriction that genes be present in all leaf genomes. We show that we can greatly improve the number of genes placed in an ancestral genome by accepting genes not universal to the whole data set but universal to a given subtree. We implement this approach by modifying the popular ancestral reconstruction program PATHGROUPS and test it on fruit fly and mosquito data with multiple available genomes.
Simulation in Obstetric Anesthesia

Simulation can be used to teach technical skills, to evaluate clinician performance, to help assess the safety of the environment of care, and to improve teamwork. Each of these has been successfully demonstrated in obstetric anesthesia simulation. Task simulators for epidural placement, failed intu
Preparing for the EAC-ABET Visit for a Novel Undergraduate Program in Modeling and Simulation Engineering

Fifty five years ago computer science was just beginning to see common acceptance as a growing discipline and computer science departments were rare at universities although many faculty were utilizing computers and software to enhance their methodologies. This was a similar situation for computer engineering just thirty five years ago. We believe modeling and simulation (M&S) is on a similar path. Many other disciplines utilize M&S to enhance their methodologies but we also believe that M&S fundamentals can be essential in making better decisions by utilizing the appropriate model for the problem at hand, expanding the solution space through simulation, and understanding it through visualization and proper analyses. After our students learn these fundamentals, we offer the opportunity to apply them to varied application areas. This paper shows our efforts to present our case for an ABET accredited M&S engineering (M&SE) program. Keywords— simulation, engineering, accreditation Digital Object Identifier (DOI): http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/LACCEI2015.1.1.098 ISBN: 13 978-0-9822896-8-6 ISSN: 2414-6668
Effect of Carbonization Gas Precursor on the Heteroepitaxial Growth of Sic-on-Si by Rtcvd

A comparison of several simple hydrocarbon gases, with H:C ratios ranging from 1 to 4, as precursors for the carbonization of Si is presented. The growth experiments were performed by RTCVD at reactor pressures of 760 and 5 Torr. For AP-RTCVD, we have found that C3H8, C2H4 and C2H2 have very similar dependence of growth rate on hydrocarbon partial pressure in the chamber. At 1300°C, this involved a maximum in film thickness being obtained at a hydrocarbon flow rate of 8-10 seem, representing a transition hydrocarbon fraction (in H2) of ~ 5×10-4. CH4 carbonization produces a peak growth rate at a significantly higher fraction, ~ 410×-3. For LP-CVD at 5 Torr, the transition carbonization fraction increases by approximately an order of magnitude. The AP-RTCVD carbonization activation energy for C3H8, C2H4 and C2H2 at higher temperatures ( ~ 1200-1300°C) has a common value of ~ 0.8 eV, while for lower temperatures it depends on the hydrocarbon.
Parasitism of Autographa californica (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by Apanteles yakutatensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) on Peppermint in Oregon

Field studies indicated that Apanteles yakutatensis was a relatively common parasite of Autographa californica on peppermint. Adult parasites were active throughout much of the growing season (June through September) and were present at all locations sampled. Parasitism by A. yakutatensis within individual samples of field-collected 3rd- and 4th-instar hosts ranged from 7 to 71%. Larval A. yakutatensis develop as gregarious endoparasites in 2nd- to 5th-instar hosts. An average of 29 parasites emerged per host with a highly variable sex ratio, generally 4:1. A hyperparasitoid, Stichtopithus sp., was observed to be rare.
A microstructure-guided constitutive modeling approach for random heterogeneous materials: Application to structural binders

Abstract This paper presents a microstructure-guided modeling approach to predict the effective elastic response of heterogeneous materials, and demonstrates its application toward two highly heterogeneous, unconventional structural binders, i.e., iron carbonate and fly ash geopolymer. Microstructural information from synchrotron X-ray tomography (XRT) and intrinsic elastic properties of component solid phases from statistical nanoindentation are used as the primary inputs. The virtual periodic 3D microstructure reconstructed using XRT, along with periodic boundary conditions is used as a basis for strain-controlled numerical simulation scheme in the linear elastic range to predict the elastic modulus as well as the stresses in the microstructural phases. The elastic modulus of the composite material predicted from the microstructure-based constitutive modeling approach correlates very well with experimental measurements for both the materials considered. This technique efficiently links the microstructure to mechanical properties of interest and helps develop material design guidelines for novel heterogeneous composites.
22 CHANGES IN WEIGHT, PAPILLEDEMA, HEADACHE, VISUAL FIELD, AND LIFE STATUS IN RESPONSE TO DIET AND METFORMIN IN WOMEN WITH IDIOPATHIC INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION.

We hypothesized that metformin (MET)-diet would improve signs-symptoms of idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) in women who also had polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or hyperinsulinemia without PCOS. We prospectively assessed changes in weight, papilledema, headache, visual fields, and life status on 2.25 g MET-diet or diet alone for > 4 months in 75 women with IIH, 43 also having PCOS. Life status was graded by a self-reported 1-5 scale (1-well; 2-unwell, usual activities; 3-poor, usual activities; 4-poor, no usual activities; 5-totally disabled). Conventional Rx for IIH was maintained unchanged during MET-diet Rx. The diet was hypocaloric (1,500 cal/day if BMI $ 25, 2000 cal/day if BMI The greatest % weight loss occurred in diet-MET groups. MET ( p = .012) and baseline BMI ( p = .019) were predictors for weight loss. Papilledema improved in all 4 groups. The most marked improvement in life status ( p = .004) was seen in the 31 women with PCOS on diet-MET. Since A50% of women with IIH have PCOS, and since weight loss is central to IIH treatment, diet-MET is a novel approach to treat IIH in women with concurrent PCOS or hyperinsulinemia without PCOS.
Reflections on Rockefeller University Contributions to Microbiology—Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow

When the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research was founded in 1901, infectious diseases were the most serious threat to human health—typhoid fever, tuberculosis, and diphtheria killed many people around the world, primarily poorer people but not sparing the affluent. In fact, the death of John Rockefeller's grandson of scarlet fever that year is said to have been the stimulus for the creation of the Rockefeller Institute.
The Economics of Poverty Traps and Persistent Poverty: Policy and Empirical Implications

The moral and economic imperatives to intervene in poverty traps motivate the identification of poverty traps and their structural causes so as to inform the design of appropriate policy responses. However, empirical identification remains challenging because of poverty traps’ complexity. After reviewing mechanisms that can generate poverty traps, we focus on one – multiple financial market failures – emphasising its heretofore underappreciated testable implications, including specific behaviours that are rational only in the presence of a poverty trap. We therefore recommend tests for these behaviours rather than more econometrically challenged efforts to directly test for poverty traps in estimated asset dynamics.
Abstract 879: Single cell analysis resolves combinatory targeted therapy for arresting the BRAFi-induced cellular dedifferentiation of metastatic melanomas

Targeted therapy that inhibits the BRAF (V600E) protein has shown impressive initial responses in metastatic melanoma patients. However, acquired drug resistance, derived from tumor heterogeneity, always limits its efficacy and compromises its treatment outcomes. Melanocyte to neural crest transition (MNT) has been observed to play crucial role in early stage adaptive drug tolerance, and the mathematic modeling indicates the transition is contributed from both stochastic phenotypic transition and non-genetic selection. Whole transcriptomic analysis enriched important signaling proteins that are involved in the resistance development process. Single cell proteomic analysis of those proteins was performed on patient-derived melanoma models to further study the early stage drug tolerance. This resolves how protein signaling network coordination rewires in the process, which cannot be resolved from proteomic analysis of bulk tumor tissue. Signaling network coordination analysis indicates that co-inhibiting the hubs of the network (MEK, NFKB-p65) could keep cells in the drug-susceptible stages. The combination therapy that co-inhibits mutant BRAF, MEK and NFKB-p65 together successfully arrested the MNT transition and induced a sustained tumor growth suppression in multiple patient-derived melanoma cell lines. This study provides us a brand-new way of using single cell proteomic analysis to infer effective combinations by resolving protein signaling network coordination that is inaccessible through traditional bulk-level proteomic measurement. Citation Format: Yapeng Su, Wei Wei, Min Xue, Lidia Robert, Jennifer Tsoi, Thomas Graeber, Antoni Ribas, James Heath. Single cell analysis resolves combinatory targeted therapy for arresting the BRAFi-induced cellular dedifferentiation of metastatic melanomas. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 879.
Gadolinium deposition disease: Initial description of a disease that has been around for a while.

Abstract Purpose To describe the clinical manifestations of presumed gadolinium toxicity in patients with normal renal function. Materials and methods Participants were recruited from two online gadolinium toxicity support groups. The survey was anonymous and individuals were instructed to respond to the survey only if they had evidence of normal renal function, evidence of gadolinium in their system beyond 30 days of this MRI, and no pre-existent clinical symptoms and/or signs of this type. Results 42 subjects responded to the survey (age: 28–69, mean 49.1 ± 22.4 years). The most common findings were: central pain (n = 15), peripheral pain (n = 26), headache (n = 28), and bone pain (n = 26). Only subjects with distal leg and arm distribution described skin thickening (n = 22). Clouded mentation and headache were the symptoms described as persistent beyond 3 months in 29 subjects. Residual disease was present in all patients. Twenty-eight patients described symptoms following administration of one brand of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agent (GBCA), 21 after a single GBCA administration and 7 after multiple GBCA administrations, including: gadopentetate dimeglumine, n = 9; gadodiamide, n = 4; gadoversetamide, n = 4; gadobenate dimeglumine, n = 4; gadobutrol, n = 1; gadoteridol, n = 2; and unknown, n = 4. Conclusions Gadolinium toxicity appears to arise following GBCA administration, which appears to contain clinical features seen in Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis, but also features not observed in that condition.
Laser Angiography with Indocyanine Green to Assess Vaginal Cuff Perfusion during Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: A Pilot Study

Abstract Study Objective To determine feasibility of using laser angiography with indocyanine green (ICG) to assess vaginal cuff vascular perfusion during total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). Design Pilot feasibility trial (Canadian Task Force classification II-2). Setting Academic-affiliated hospital. Patients Twenty women undergoing TLH for benign disease. Interventions Participants underwent 1:1 randomization of energy method used for colpotomy (ultrasonic vs monopolar) and vaginal cuff closure suture (barbed vs nonbarbed). After intravenous administration of ICG, laser angiography was used to capture images of the vaginal cuff before and after closure. Three reviewers analyzed fluorescent images of vaginal cuffs to determine percent of cuff perimeter with adequate perfusion when open and length of vaginal cuff adequately perfused when closed. Measurements and Main Results ICG fluorescence was visible at the vaginal cuff in all participants. Mean time to appearance of ICG in the pelvis after administration was 19.8 ± 6.8 seconds (mean ± SD) preclosure, and 26.0 ± 22.2 seconds postclosure. With ultrasonic energy 67.5% ± 17.4% of open cuff perimeter and 74.4% ± 20.5% of closed cuff length were adequately perfused, whereas with monopolar energy use 59.1% ± 17.4% of the open cuff perimeter and 66.3% ± 15.4% of closed cuff length were adequately perfused. Cuffs closed with barbed suture showed adequate perfusion along 71.5% ± 15.1% of the length, whereas those closed with nonbarbed suture showed 68.9% ± 20.9% adequate perfusion. When normalized to cervical cup circumference, ultrasonic energy required 1.0 ± .2 s/mm, whereas monopolar energy required .8 ± .3 s/mm (p = .162). Linear regression showed no association of normalized time of energy activation to percentage of perimeter of open cuff (R 2 = .007) or length of closed cuff (R 2 = .005) with adequate perfusion. No complications related to intravenous ICG administration occurred. Conclusion Laser angiography with ICG allows evaluation of vascular perfusion at the vaginal cuff during TLH. This technique may facilitate future prospective studies examining causes for vaginal cuff dehiscence, a complication with potential for severe morbidity.
MST-based Visual Parsing of Online Handwritten Mathematical Expressions

We develop a Maximum Spanning Tree (MST) based parser using Edmonds' algorithm, which extracts an MST from a directed Line-of-Sight graph in two passes. First, symbols are segmented by grouping input strokes, and then symbols and symbol pair spatial relationships are labeled. The time complexity of our MST-based parsing is lower than the time complexity of CYK parsing with 2-D Context-Free grammars. Also, our MST-based parser obtains higher formula structure and expression rates than published techniques using CYK parsing when starting from valid symbols. This parsing technique could be extended to include n-grams or other language constraints, and might be used for other notations.
Development of computational pregnant female and fetal models and Monte Carlo dose calculations of radiation dose from positron-emitting tracers

498 Objectives Molecular imaging using PET and hybrid (PET/CT and PET/MR) imaging is nowadays playing a pivotal role in clinical diagnosis, staging and restaging, monitoring and treatment of a number of diseases. The developing embryo/fetus presents a high sensitivity to ionizing radiation. Therefore, accurate radiation dose calculation for the embryo/fetus and pregnant patients from common positron-emitting radiotracers and reduction of their radiation exposure are highly desired. Methods We constructed 8 embryo/fetus models at gestation periods of 8-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, 35- and 38-weeks with 25 identified tissues according to reference data recommended in ICRP report 89 to appropriately represent the anatomical aspects of developing embryo/fetus. The developed embryo/fetus models were integrated into realistic anthropomorphic computational phantoms of pregnant female and used for estimating, using Monte Carlo calculations, S-values of 9 positron-emitting radionuclides (C-11, N-13, O-15, F-18, Cu-64, Ga-68, Rb-82, Y-86, and I-124) as well as the organ absorbed dose and effective dose for 21 positron-emitting labeled radiotracers. Results The absorbed dose is nonuniformly distributed in the fetus and the absorbed dose of the fetal liver and skin of the 8-weeks old fetus are 7.7-35.2% and 11.5-40.4% higher than the average absorbed dose of the fetal total body for all 21 investigated radiotracers. For 18F-FDG, the fetal effective doses are 2.84E-02, 3.06E-02, 1.84E-02, 1.59E-02, 1.47E-02, 1.39E-02, 1.34E-02 and 1.25E-02 mSv/MBq at 8-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, 35- and 38-weeks gestations, respectively. Conclusions The developed pregnant female/fetal models matching the ICRP reference data and the generated S-values can be exploited in software packages dedicated for internal and external dose calculations to produce new standardized dose estimates to pregnant patients and embryo/fetus from various PET radiotracers used in clinical and research settings. Table 1. Comparison of fetal absorbed dose for 18F-FDG in pregnant women at different periods of gestation. Figure 1. 3D visualization of developed computational pregnant female phantoms showing (A) the side views at 8-, 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-, 30-, 35- and 38 weeks gestations, respectively. The uterine were set transparent to exhibit the fetus. (B) 3D visualization of the fetus phantoms at same gestation periods. .
Flexible parametrization of variance functions for quantal response data derived from counts.

Although the Poisson model has been widely used to fit count data, a well-known drawback is that the Poisson mean equals its variance. Many alternative models for counts that are overdispersed rela...
A Further Characterization of Empirical Research Related to Learning Outcome Achievement in Remote and Virtual Science Labs

This paper further characterizes recently reviewed literature related to student learning outcome achievement in non-traditional (virtual and remote) versus traditional (hands-on) science labs, as well as factors to consider when evaluating the state and progress of research in this field as a whole. Current research is characterized according to (1) participant nationality and culture, (2) participant education level, (3) participant demography, (4) scientific discipline, and (5) research methodology, which could provide avenues for further research and useful dialog regarding the measurement and interpretation of data related to student learning outcome achievement in, and thus the efficacy of, non-traditional versus traditional science labs. Current research is also characterized by (6) research publication media and (7) availability of non-traditional labs used, which demonstrate some of the obstacles to progress and consensus in this research field.
Further Properties of LNDs

The first three sections of this chapter investigate derivations in the case B has one or more nice divisorial properties, in addition to the ongoing assumption that B is a commutative k-domain, where k is a field of characteristic zero. Subsequent sections discuss quasi-extensions, G-critical elements, the degree of a derivation, trees and cables, exponential automorphisms, construction of kernel elements by transvectants and Wronskians, and recognition of polynomial rings.
Validation of the distress tolerance scale‐short form in obsessive compulsive disorder

Objective This study aimed to develop and validate the Distress Tolerance Scale-Short Form (DTS-SF), a modification of the original Distress Tolerance Scale, in a severe/complex sample of individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). Currently, there are multiple self-report measurements of distress tolerance (DT), highlighting the need for a more refined measure. Method Participants included 222 individuals with a primary diagnosis of OCD (57% male, average age = 31) seeking intensive/residential treatment. Participants completed surveys at admission, discharge, and each week. Results An exploratory factor analysis revealed a one-factor solution representing overall DT ability. The DTS-SF was found to be sensitive to treatment effects. Appropriate associations between the DTS-SF and other measures were also found, with lower DT associated with greater OCD and depression severity and lower reported quality of life. Conclusion The DTS-SF was found to be a valid and reliable measure with high clinical utility for quickly and accurately measuring DT.
Truth Bias and Partisan Bias in Political Deception Detection

This study tests the effects of political partisanship on voters’ perception and detection of deception. Based on social identity theory, in-group members should consider their politician’s message...
Use of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Postpartum Management of a Patient with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Current guidelines do not recommend pregnancy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). This is due to the associated high mortality, which both dissuades PAH patients from becoming pregnant and encourages termination of pregnancy due to high maternal mortality risk. As a result, there is a lack of data and, consequently, there are only general guidelines available for management of pregnancy in PAH patients. Additionally, novel therapeutic strategies such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), although used in the management of nonpregnant PAH patients as a bridge to lung transplantation, have not been used to treat cardiopulmonary collapse in pregnant PAH patients. In an attempt to bridge this paucity of data, we report the successful use of ECMO in resuscitation and management of a pregnant PAH patient who experienced cardiopulmonary collapse following a caesarian section.
The Everyday as Survival among Ex-Gaza Refugees in Jordan

This article examines the role of repetition in the making of everyday life among ex-Gaza refugees in Jordan. It argues that the quotidian struggles of stateless ex-Gazans challenge theories of the...