cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
271 ONTOGENY OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR, INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-I, AND GROWTH HORMONE IN THE RAT VITREOUS FLUID, RETINAL HOMOGENATES, AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION: RELATIONSHIP TO PHYSICAL GROWTH AND RETINAL DEVELOPMENT

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and growth hormone (GH) are important regulators of physical growth and have been shown to play key roles in retinal angiogenesis and development. In premature infants, low serum IGF-I and high GH levels in the early postnatal period were reported to be associated with severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We examined the ontogenic profile of VEGF, IGF-I and GH in rat vitreous fluid, retinal homogenates and systemic circulation from birth to 21 days postnatal age (weaning, P21). Sprague Dawley rats (litter size =15 pups) were sacrificed at P0, P7, P14 and P21 (3 litters/group). At sacrifice, the pups were weighed and measured for linear growth (nose to tail length). Vitreous fluid, retinal homogenates, and serum were analyzed for VEGF, IGF-I and GH by enzyme immunoassay. VEGF levels were 10-fold higher in the vitreous (pg/mL) than serum (pg/mL) at all stages of development. Vitreous and serum VEGF levels progressively declined at P7, P14 and P21 (p≤0.05 to p≤0.001) compared to term, however in the retinal homogenates, VEGF levels (pg/mg protein) increased with the highest concentration at P21 (p≤0.05 vs term). Vitreous IGF-I levels were decreased at P7 through P14 (p≤0.05) compared to term. Vitreous GH levels were 10-fold lower than serum levels and were decreased at P14 and P21 (p≤0.001) compared to P7. Despite a trend for increasing IGF-I and decreasing GH in retinal homogenates, no appreciable changes were detected with advancing postnatal age. Similarly, serum IGF-I levels increased with postnatal age (P14 and P21: p≤0.05 vs term), whereas serum GH levels were decreased at P7 (p≤0.05), P14 (p≤0.01), and P21 (p≤0.01) compared to term. In rats, retinal development occurs postnatally by P14. Our data demonstrate that during normal retinal development, VEGF, IGF-I and GH decrease in the vitreous; and VEGF and IGF-I increase, while GH decreases in the retinal homogenates. A quite different ontogenic pattern is noted in the systemic circulation. VEGF and GH decrease, while IGF-I increases with advancing physical growth. We therefore conclude that any future therapy for ROP should consider changes occurring in the eye rather than the systemic compartment.
Collagen metabolites in the urine and serum of patients with cancer.

Radioisotopic bone scans and measurements of hydroxyproline (Hyp) excretion rate provide complementary information concerning metastases to bone. Hyp excretion is probably a more sensitive indicator of disease activity and the effect of treatment. The value of Hyp excretion rates in diagnosing various cancers, in predicting metastases to bone, and in monitoring the response to therapy is explored.
Nutrient Cycles and Mass Balances

Chemical elements without a prominent gaseous phase at normal biologic temperature, such as calcium, magnesium, and potassium, have what is referred to as a sedimentary biogeochemical cycle (Odum 1959). That is, flux and cycling are affected primarily by hydrologic factors (including dissolution, erosion, and sedimentation), landslides, vulcanism, and biologic agents. At some places, for example, arid regions, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus have relatively large airborne fluxes of particulates, which complicate quantitative measurement of their fluxes and cycles. The presence of a prominent gaseous component in the biogeochemical cycle (e.g., C, N, and S) greatly complicates measurement and analysis at the ecosystem scale, as discussed previously. To illustrate a sedimentary cycle, the average biogeochemical relationships for calcium and potassium at HBEF will be summarized for two pentads: one near the beginning of the long-term record and one nearer the end. The cycle for sulfur will be used to show relationships for an element with a major meteorologic component. “Average” is somewhat misleading in this regard because of the large temporal changes that have occurred since 1963, as discussed in previous chapters. Nevertheless, summarizing and synthesizing long-term data into a conceptual diagram for various nutrients provides new understanding and insights.
Estimation of narrow sense heritability of powdery mildew resistance in pseudo F 2 (F 1 ) population of flowering dogwoods ( cornus Florida L)

Powdery mildew disease caused by Erysiphe (sect. Microsphaera) pulchra a (Cook & Peck, Braun & Takamatsu) is a devastating disease in flowering dogwoods (Cornus Florida) throughout southeastern USA where flowering dogwood is widely grown. Host resistance is the most sustainable and economical way for controlling this disease, but resistance breeding has been slow and genetic information on powdery mildew resistance is unavailable. In this study, pseudo F2 populations derived from crosses between selected resistant (R) and susceptible (S) plants (RxR, RxS and SxR), were evaluated for disease severity at two locations in three years, McMinnville in 2005 and 2012, and McMinnville and Nashville, TN, in 2013. Disease reaction in progeny from reciprocal crosses was similar indicating that there was no cytoplasmic inheritance of resistance genes. Disease severity of progenies showed continuous distributions, suggesting that powdery mildew resistance is inherited quantitatively. High narrow sense heritability (0.74 in 2005, 0.84 in 2012 and 0.90 in 2013) and broad sense heritability (0.9) in parental clones were observed. This information will be useful in breeding programs for dogwood improvement.
Characterization and Composting of Source-Separated Food Store Organics

Composting of food store organic wastes is an attractive alternative to incineration, or disposal of these wastes in land-fills. In this study, the total wastes as well as the organic wastes generated by individual departments in a typical U.S. food store were quantified and characterized and the organic fraction of the wastes was composted with leaves to determine the qualities of the finished compost.
Host Seeking, for Plants

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses plant-feeding insects that find their host by seeking appropriate habitats, by increase in activity that maximize the chances of encountering a plant, by completely random activity in combination with strong arrestant properties of the host, or by attraction to a plant from a distance by smell or vision or both. Some small insects that find their hosts within fairly short distances may simply rely on increases in activity and turning behavior when they detect the appropriate odor, so that they are more likely to encounter their hosts. Among chrysomelid beetles, some engage in random movements that show little change with level of host odor; crucifer flea beetles in the genus Phyllotreta. Insects are also attracted to the odors of their host plants, both by flying and by walking or crawling. Visual cues are usually important only at close range, though occasionally they attract specific herbivores from 10 m or so.
Matrix factorization reveals aging-specific co-expression gene modules in the fat and muscle tissues in nonhuman primates.

Accurate identification of coherent transcriptional modules (subnetworks) in adipose and muscle tissues is important for revealing the related mechanisms and co-regulated pathways involved in the development of aging-related diseases. Here, we proposed a systematically computational approach, called ICEGM, to Identify the Co-Expression Gene Modules through a novel mathematical framework of Higher-Order Generalized Singular Value Decomposition (HO-GSVD). ICEGM was applied on the adipose and heart and skeletal muscle tissues in old and young female African green vervet monkeys. The genes associated with the development of inflammation, cardiovascular and skeletal disorder diseases and cancer were revealed by the ICEGM. Meanwhile, genes in the ICEGM modules were also enriched in the adipocytes, smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes and immune cells. Comprehensive disease annotation and canonical pathway analysis indicated that immune cells, adipocytes, cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells played a synergistic role in cardiac and physical functions in the aged monkeys by regulation of the biological processes associated with metabolism, inflammation and atherosclerosis. In conclusion, the ICEGM provides an efficiently systematic framework for decoding the co-expression gene modules in multiple tissues. Analysis of genes in the ICEGM module yielded important insights on the cooperative role of multiple tissues in the development of diseases.
A source-free single-chip terahertz spectroscope through sub-wavelength sensing of antenna near-fields

In this work, near-field electromagnetic sensing is exploited to enable compact broadband THz spectroscope in silicon-based integrated technology. Integrating passives with active devices in a silicon chip creates a new class of miniaturized THz systems.
Trafficking Receptors and Migration of TH17 Cell Subsets

TH17 cells produce IL17 and other cytokines that regulate anti-microbial and auto-immune responses. It is well established that TH1 and TH2 effector T cells differ from each other in migratory behavior. FoxP3+ regulatory T cells apparently have the migratory features of both naive and effector T cells. It is a question of interest if TH17 cells would display a unique trafficking behavior specific for this T cell lineage. TH17 cells are highly enriched in the intestine and other tissues with certain types of inflammatory diseases. TH17 cells are unique in that almost all of these T cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6. Otherwise, TH17 cells are considered conventional, heterogeneously expressing a number of other memory/effector type trafficking receptors, which are required for migration of TH17 cells into various tissues. I will review our current understanding of the trafficking receptors and migration behavior of TH17 cell subsets.
The Expert Consensus Guideline Series: Treatment of Epilepsy

Abstract Over the past decade, many new epilepsy treatments have been approved in the United States, promising better quality of life for many with epilepsy. However, clinicians must now choose among a growing number of treatment options and possible combinations. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) form the basis for evidence-based decision making about best treatment options, but they rarely compare active therapies, making decisions difficult. When medical literature is lacking, expert opinion is helpful, but may contain potential biases. The expert consensus method is a new approach for statistically analyzing pooled opinion to minimize biases inherent in other systems of summarizing expert opinion. We used this method to analyze expert opinion on treatment of three epilepsy syndromes (idiopathic generalized epilepsy, symptomatic localization-related epilepsy, and symptomatic generalized epilepsy) and status epilepticus. For all three syndromes, the experts recommended the same general treatment strategy. As a first step, they recommend monotherapy. If this fails, a second monotherapy should be tried. Following this, the experts are split between additional trials of monotherapy and a combination of two therapies. If this fails, most agree the next step should be additional trials of two therapies, with less agreement as to the next best step after this. One exception to these recommendations is that the experts recommend an evaluation for epilepsy surgery after the third failed step for symptomatic localization-related epilepsies. The results of the expert survey were used to develop user-friendly treatment guidelines concerning overall treatment strategies and choice of specific medications for different syndromes and for status epilepticus.
Notes on Astronium Jacq. (Anacardiaceae), including a dwarf new species from the Brazilian Shield

A review of Astronium s.l. revealed a new species in section Astronium that is unusual because of its dwarf habit, presence of foliose bracts on the inflorescence, and sub-basal ovule placentation. Currently available collections suggest a disjunct distribution between the Brazilian states of Goias and Rondonia and the northeastern part of the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz, but all on the Brazilian Shield. The new species is formally described and named as Astronium pumilum. The generic limits and morphological attributes of the sections of the genus are discussed, and a key to the known species is presented. A synopsis or revision of the genus is being prepared pending results from molecular systematic studies.
Acid–base catalysis over perovskites: a review

Perovskite catalysts have been extensively studied for reduction–oxidation (redox) reactions; however, their acid–base catalytic properties are still under-explored. This review collects work aiming to study the acid–base catalytic properties of perovskites. Reports regarding combined acid–base/redox catalysis over perovskites lie beyond the scope of the present review. For the characterization of acid–base properties, researchers have studied the interaction of probe molecules with perovskite surfaces by means of multiple techniques that provide information about the density, strength and type of adsorption sites. The top-surface composition of perovskites, which relates to the abundance of the acid–base sites, has been studied by means of low energy ion scattering (LEIS), and, the less surface sensitive, conventional X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Probe reactions, with the conversion of 2-propanol as the common choice, have also been employed for characterizing the acid–base catalytic properties of perovskites. The complex nature of perovskite surfaces, which explains the still absent fundamental relations between the structure of the catalyst and reaction rates/selectivity, encounters a great challenge due to the surface reconstruction of these materials. In this review, we devote a special section to highlight recent publications that report the impact of surface reconstruction and particle shape on acid–base catalysis over perovskites. In addition, we review promising catalytic performances of perovskite catalysts for other reactions of interest. Challenges in acid–base catalysis over perovskites focus on the development of time-resolved monolayer-sensitive characterization of surfaces under operando conditions and the discernment of combined acid–base/redox reaction mechanisms. Opportunities lay on tuning the acid–base characteristics of perovskites with computation-based catalytic descriptors to achieve desired selectivities and enhanced rates.
Distribution Matching in Variational Inference.

With the increasingly widespread deployment of generative models, there is a mounting need for a deeper understanding of their behaviors and limitations. In this paper, we expose the limitations of Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), which consistently fail to learn marginal distributions in both latent and visible spaces. We show this to be a consequence of learning by matching conditional distributions, and the limitations of explicit model and posterior distributions. It is popular to consider Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) as a means of overcoming these limitations, leading to hybrids of VAEs and GANs. We perform a large-scale evaluation of several VAE-GAN hybrids and analyze the implications of class probability estimation for learning distributions. While promising, we conclude that at present, VAE-GAN hybrids have limited applicability: they are harder to scale, evaluate, and use for inference compared to VAEs; and they do not improve over the generation quality of GANs.
Multimodal Confocal Imaging of Renal Fine Needle Aspiration Samples

Methylene Blue (MB) stained cancer and normal human renal cells were imaged using multimodal confocal microscopy. The results indicate that fluorescence polarization of MB is significantly higher in cancer cells as compared to normal.
Material Design Strategies to Achieve Simultaneous High Power and High Energy Density

Emerging applications require batteries to have both high energy and high power which are not necessarily compatible. The typical inverse relationship between power and energy in batteries is often due to the slow ion diffusion in electrode materials. While the optimization of current battery technology may be sufficient to fully address this issue, we present here that novel chemistry-focused strategies based on new fundamental understanding of materials may be applied to lead to the development of a new generation of batteries that store energy sufficiently and deliver it rapidly.
When is it not Craft?: Materiality and Mediation when Craft and Computing Meet

Craft has emerged as an important reference point for HCI. To avoid a misrepresenting, all-encompassing application of craft to interaction design, this position paper first discerns craft from HCI. It develops material engagement and mediation as differentiating factors to reposition craft in relation to tangible interaction design. The aim is to clarify craft's relation to interaction design and to open up new opportunities and questions that follow from this repositioning.
Experimental philosophy and the fruitfulness of normative concepts

This paper provides a new argument for the relevance of empirical research to moral and political philosophy and a novel defense of the positive program in experimental philosophy. The argument centers on the idea that normative concepts used in moral and political philosophy can be evaluated in terms of their fruitfulness in solving practical problems. Empirical research conducted with an eye to the practical problems that are relevant to particular concepts can provide evidence of their fruitfulness along a number of dimensions. An upshot of the argument is that philosophers should not only engage with but must also be involved in conducting experimental studies that examine the practical roles that normative concepts can play. Rather than just clearing the way for philosophical work to be done, the argument has the further implication that empirical research will be required to advance at least some important debates in moral and political philosophy.
RHODIUM(II) PERFLUOROBUTYRATE CATALYZED HYDROSILYLATION OF 1-ALKYNES. TRANS ADDITION AND REARRANGEMENT TO ALLYLSILANES

Hydrosilylation of 1-alkynes catalyzed by rhodium(II) perfluorobutyrate of chloroplatinic acid forms either allylsilanes or vinylsilanes in moderate to high isolated yields, dependent on the mode of addition of reactants. The duality of these transformations appears to be dependent on coordination of the organosilane or alkyne with the transition-metal catalyst
Online Controlled Experiments at Large Scale in Society 5.0

For the digital parts of businesses in Society 5.0, such as web site and mobile applications, manual testing is impractical and slow. Instead, implementation of ideas can now be evaluated with scientific rigor using online controlled experiments (A/B tests), which provide trustworthy reliable assessments of the impact of the implementations to key metrics of interest. This chapter shows how online controlled experiments can be run at large scale.
Incident Velocity Induced Nonmonotonic Aging of Vapor-Deposited Polymer Glasses

Physical vapor deposition can produce remarkably stable glassy materials. However, a mechanistic understanding of the interplay between control parameters during such nonequilibrium processing (e.g...
Are social media good or bad for employees? It depends on when they use them

Organisations are currently adopting opposite stances when it comes to allowing employees to use social media at work, some entirely banning access to social media and others permitting their uncon...
A novel conditioning-free hematopoietic stem cell transplantation model in zebrafish.

Transplantation is the most common assay for measuring the in vivo functionality of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Although various HSC transplantation strategies have been developed in zebrafish, they are underutilized because of challenges related to immune matching and preconditioning toxicity. To circumvent these limitations, we developed a simple and robust transplantation model using HSC-deficient hosts. Homozygous runx1W84X mutants are devoid of definitive hematopoietic cells, including HSCs and adaptive immune cells; thus, they require no preconditioning regimen for transplantation. Marrow cell transplantation into runx1-mutant zebrafish 2 days after fertilization significantly improved their survival to adulthood and resulted in robust, multilineage, long-lasting, serially repopulating engraftment. Furthermore, we demonstrated that engraftment into runx1 homozygous mutants was significantly higher than into runx1 heterozygotes, demonstrating that the improved transplantation success is attributable to the empty HSC niche in mutants and not just the embryonic environment. Competitive transplantation of marrow cells into runx1 mutants revealed a stem cell frequency similar to that of murine marrow cells, which demonstrates the utility of this model for quantifying HSC function. The streamlined approach and robustness of this assay will help broaden its feasibility for future high-throughput transplantation experiments in zebrafish and will enable further novel discoveries in the biology of HSCs.
A Hidden Statutory Bar to Private Causes of Action for Breaches of the WTO's Agreement on Government Procurement

Liberalizing public procurement is free trade’s final frontier. The Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership (TTIP) is the largest free-trade agreement under negotiation. Talks will not progress without reaching an agreement on public procurement. U.S. law contains a hidden bar to the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Agreement on Government Procurement’s (GPA) challenge procedures. This statutory bar could be a deal breaker for TTIP negotiations. * Major Schoeni has been on active duty in the U.S. Air Force Judge Advocate General’s Corps since 2004, and is a program counsel at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts. He is a graduate of Brigham Young University, the University of Iowa (J.D./M.A. Philosophy), the University of Nottingham (LL.M. Public Procurement), and most recently George Washington University (LL.M. Government Procurement). He was recently admitted to a part-time Ph.D. program in public procurement at the University of Nottingham. This Article was submitted for the new Foreign Government Contracting Seminar taught by Professors Christopher Yukins and Allen Green at George Washington University. Special thanks go to Professor Yukins, Anna Muller, Jean Heilman Grier, Johannes Schnitzer, and Dean Daniel Gordon for their insights. The views expressed here are the author’s and do not reflect an official position of the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or any other U.S. government agency. 1 The Oxford Dictionary of American Quotations 316 (Margaret Miner & Hugh Rawson eds., 2d ed., 2006) (listing several variations of this quotation). 1 Schoeni: A Hidden Statutory Bar to Private Causes of Action for Breaches o Published by Penn Law: Legal Scholarship Repository, 296 U. Pa. J. Int’l L. [Vol. 37:1
Documenting Oral Genres

Languages and cultural practices are disappearing at a rapid rate and, with them, important indigenous knowledge. In Africa, which has been characterized as an oral continent, one practice that is disappearing is the narration of folktales. Since the 1970s, technology has facilitated new methods for documenting and archiving these practices. This chapter discusses the documentation of a popular fairy tale in Nyangbo, a Ghana-Togo Mountain (GTM) language spoken in Ghana. The story is about Spider and Orphan’s search for food during a period of famine, and how, because of greed, Orphan turns into a stone. It is one of the few stories in which the spider is not the villain. The chapter shows how the documentation method allows for capturing not only the story but the fact that telling stories among the Nyangbo community, as in many communities in Ghana, is a co-production process. Also discussed is how this method of documentation allows one to avoid the pitfall of reducing oral practices into writing. Thus, there is a transcription that provides truncated forms of words, which is the norm in spoken Nyangbo, on one tier, and the full form of the words that include the elided morphemes, on another tier.
Study on Inflammatory Link between Stress and Major Depressive Disorder: An Approach through the Biochemical Lens

Background: The relationship between depression and inflammation has been strengthened by different studies for which chronic stress leading to HPA axis activation and cortisol secretion has been proposed to explain pathogenesis of depression. Objective: To estimate and evaluate level of cortisol, Ferritin and hsCRP in serum of the patients suffering from Major Depressive disorder and healthy control. Methods: The role of cortisol and inflammation in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been evaluated in this study among 150 patients suffering from MDD along with 150 age and sex matched control subjects. Serum cortisol and two well-known acute phase reactant proteins namely hsCRP and Ferritin were assayed in all study subjects by Enzyme Immuno Assay method. Results: Cortisol and hsCRP concentrations in serum were found to be significantly higher in all MDD patients, whereas ferritin levels were found to be significantly lower. There was no significant difference in the parameters among different grades of MDD. The ROC curve was used to assess the viability of using these three parameters as biomarkers. Gender wise comparison of the parameters showed that significant difference is present in the level of Ferritin only. Conclusion: The significant change in biochemical parameters which is not associated with grade wise alteration suggests that probably inflammation is the early event which causes depression. As a result, there is no gradual change as the severity of the disease increases. Considering Area under curve in both female and male, hsCRP seems to be the biomarker that can be used in MDD cases.
Structure training of neural networks

Previously, a procedure for designing multilayer feedforward neural networks has been advanced based on the construction of a Voronoi diagram (VOD) in multidimensional feature space. Here, the advantage of the approach in realizing the important property of robust generalization, which demands satisfactory performance in cases where an uncertain test input pattern deviates from an exemplar is analyzed and illustrated by application to the d-bit parity problem. Next, it is shown how a neural network may be obtained directly from the Delaunay tessellation which is the abstract dual of the Voronoi diagram. >
A Time-Mode Translinear Principle for Nonlinear Analog Computation

This work proposes a novel translinear principle based on time domain processing of signals. The exponential relationship between voltage and time in an RC circuit is exploited to implement a logarithmic voltage-to-time converter and an exponential time-to-voltage converter. These circuits are the time domain analogs of the voltage mode translinear circuits that exploit the exponential relationship between current and voltage in BJTs and subthreshold MOS transistors. Just as Kirchoff's voltage laws provide a natural form of addition for the voltage-mode translinear principle, the progression of time can also be a natural source of addition for the proposed time-mode analog of this principle. In this work a time-mode adder circuit is used to realize a translinear principle in time. This paper describes the theory behind this time-mode translinear principle. Furthermore, the design of nonlinear circuit functions, e.g., multiplication and power law, based on the time-mode translinear principle is described. Simulation and measurement results for a two-input single quadrant multiplier are presented. The chip was fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process with simulation results agreeing closely with experimental results. We also present error analysis for such circuits and provide a brief discussion on future prospects of this approach.
Epidemiologic Studies of Measles, Measles Vaccine, and Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis

Histories obtained in 350 of 375 clinically cofirmed cases of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) reported to a national registry showed that 292 patients had measles and 58 had no history of measles. Forty of the latter patients received live, attenuated measles virus vaccine. In patients with a history of measles, measles illness occurred before age 2 years in 46%, and a mean of 7.0 years before onset of SSPE. In contrast, there was no relationship of SSPE with age at vaccination in 35 of the 40 patients historically associated with measles vaccine, and SSPE occurred a mean of 3.3 years after vaccination. Based on estimated national measles morbidity data and national measles vaccine distribution data, the risk of SSPE following measles vaccination (0.5 to 1.1 cases/106) appears to be less than the risk following measles (5.2 to 9.7 cases/106). Because live measles vaccine is highly effective in preventing measles illness and a high proportion of children in the United States have received measles vaccine, these data are consistent with the observed downward trend in SSPE incidence since 1969.
Equity and Access: Creating General Education Classrooms Responsive to Potential Giftedness

civil rights. achievement gaps between children from minority and lowincome homes and caucasian students from middle-high income homes is a pressing concern in the u nited States. t he purpose of this study was to examine the imple mentation of project-based learning as a school-wide initiative to increase levels of achievement and to recognize potential in a population of students that is typically underserved in gifted programs. t hrough qualitative case study methodology, the researcher reveals the voices of participants as they explore the effects that the reforms had on their beliefs and practices. t he instructional changes altered their perspectives of their students and their total classroom environment. implications for creating environments that actively engage students and aid teachers in identifying potential are discussed.
Electronic Interventions for Alcohol Misuse and Alcohol Use Disorders: A Systematic Review

BACKGROUND: The use of electronic interventions (e-interventions) may improve treatment of alcohol misuse. PURPOSE: To characterize treatment intensity and systematically review the evidence for efficacy of e-interventions, relative to controls, for reducing alcohol consumption and alcohol-related impairment in adults and college students. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE (via PubMed) from January 2000 to March 2015 and the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PsycINFO from January 2000 to August 2014. STUDY SELECTION: English-language, randomized, controlled trials that involved at least 50 adults who misused alcohol; compared an e-intervention group with a control group; and reported outcomes at 6 months or longer. DATA EXTRACTION: Two reviewers abstracted data and independently rated trial quality and strength of evidence. DATA SYNTHESIS: In 28 unique trials, the modal e-intervention was brief feedback on alcohol consumption. Available data suggested a small reduction in consumption (approximately 1 drink per week) in adults and college students at 6 months but not at 12 months. There was no statistically significant effect on meeting drinking limit guidelines in adults or on binge-drinking episodes or social consequences of alcohol in college students. LIMITATIONS: E-interventions that ranged in intensity were combined in analyses. Quantitative results do not apply to short-term outcomes or alcohol use disorders. CONCLUSION: Evidence suggests that low-intensity e-inter ventions produce small reductions in alcohol consumption at 6 months, but there is little evidence for longer-term, clinically significant effects, such as meeting drinking limits. Future e-interventions could provide more intensive treatment and possibly human support to assist persons in meeting recommended drinking limits. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Language: en
Limits for Air Separation by Adsorption with LiX Zeolite

In the present work the performance of two zeolite sorbents, namely LiX (Al/Si = 1 with 100% Li+) and NaX (13X), is compared for air separation by pressure swing adsorption, with particular attention focused on the limits in the adsorption/desorption pressure ratio. The product (O2) recovery was optimized for the two sorbents at different pressure ratios (2−10), keeping the product purity and product throughput nearly constant. It was found that in the case of the LiX zeolite it is possible to operate at a pressure ratio as low as 2 with only a slight decrease in product recovery, compared to the limit of 4 for NaX. The temperature excursion in the LiX bed was 4 times that in the NaX bed. Substitution of a portion of the LiX sorbent by inert, high-heat-capacity particles (e.g., iron) in the bed decreased the temperature excursion significantly. It was shown that an optimal amount of 5−10% (v/v) of inert substitution (at the same total bed volume) could increase the O2 product recovery by 2%.
Development and evaluation of a computerized admission diagnosis encoding system

Hospital information systems designed to support the needs of health care professionals include patient data entered using both freetext and precoded storage schemes. A major disadvantage of freetext storage schemes is that data captured in this format can only be presented as is to the user for review tasks. In the view of many health care scientists, natural language understanding systems capable of identifying, extracting, and encoding information contained in freetext data may provide the necessary tools to overcome this weakness. This paper describes the development and evaluation of a such a system designed to encode freetext admission diagnoses. This system combines both semantic and syntactic linguistic analysis techniques. Evaluation results demonstrate the overall performance of this system to be reasonable, accurately encoding approximately 76% of admission diagnoses. Inefficiencies are primarily due to the inability of this system to generate encodings in roughly 15% of test cases. When encodings are produced, however, accuracy equals that of the current manual coding method. With further modification, this application can partially automate the coding process.
Understanding Canonical Correlation through the General Linear Model and Principal Components

Abstract Canonical correlation has been little used and little understood, even by otherwise sophisticated analysts. An alternative approach to canonical correlation, based on a general linear multivariate model, is presented. Properties of principal component analysis are used to help explain the method. Standard computational methods for full rank canonical correlation, techniques for canonical correlation on component scores, and canonical correlation with less than full rank are discussed. They are seen to be essentially equivalent when the model equation for canonical correlation on component scores is presented. The two approaches to less than full rank situations are equivalent in some senses, but quite different in usefulness, depending on the application. An example dataset is analyzed in detail to help demonstrate the conclusions.
Intrusive and withdrawn depressed mothers and their infants

Abstract This review of the literature on two different interaction styles of depressed mothers, intrusive and withdrawn, shows that withdrawn versus intrusive mothers typically have an EEG pattern that is associated with negative affect (i.e., greater relative right frontal EEG activation) as well as lower levels of the activating neurotransmitter, dopamine. These profiles also occur in their newborn infants. These prenatal effects together with the less stimulating interactive behavior of their withdrawn mothers might explain why infants of withdrawn mothers are less exploratory and have lower scores than infants of intrusive mothers on the Bayley Mental scale at one year. Interventions have been differentially tailored for intrusive and withdrawn mothers, such as interaction coaching which has been designed to decrease the behaviors of intrusive mothers (imitation) or increase the behaviors of withdrawn mothers (attention-getting). Similarly, different types of music have been tried as mood inductions for the different interaction style mothers. Although immediate positive effects have been noted, more intensive, long-term interventions may be needed to alter these negative interaction behaviors.
Multiscale approach to the security of hardware supply chains for energy systems

While the cybersecurity field has focused primarily on software and network security, threats and vulnerabilities of hardware device supply chains are growing concerns. Of particular importance and interest in this vein is the way in which semiconductors and other electronic devices are increasingly deployed to support energy distribution, storage, and control at a variety of scales. Future smart grid supply chains must be secured to prevent cyber attacks from affecting energy infrastructure, and the societal and economic functions on which they depend. This perspective paper calls for a multiscale approach to address modeling and decision-making for energy system hardware supply chains. A multiscale approach, as discussed in this paper, can facilitate resilience of supply chains across the life cycles of these systems, through low- and high-tech techniques to monitor and act on the supply chain. This can incorporate both qualitative and quantitative factors to suit the variety of stakeholders, geographic scales, organizational levels, and planning and operational time horizons.
Phenology of reproductive shoots of eelgrass, Zostera marina L., at Roscoff (France)

Abstract The development of flowering shoots and the maturation of flowers and fruits of Zostera marina L. were studied from May until the beginning of September 1978 at Roscoff (France) at two different tidal depths. Branches of flowering shoots matured acropetally, with the youngest branch as terminal inflorescence, and this also applied to the spathes within each branch. So, the development and maturation appeared to be a process starting at the base and proceeding to the apex of the shoot. Within spathes, the number of flowers varied greatly. A close examination of the first order spathes showed that the number of flowers per spathe was positively correlated with increasing tidal depth and branch number and negatively correlated with the initiation time of the spathes. However, the ratio of one pistil to one anther was always found, although at the apex of the spadix some anthers sometimes failed to mature. A direct relation between the number of flowers per spathe and the mean length of the spadix and the spatial sheath could not significantly be demonstrated. The mass flower production had already begun in the high-littoral bed in May, whereas this occureed in the lower bed one month later. However, the development and maturation of flowers and fruits occurred more quickly in the low-littoral bed than in the higher bed. As the ripening of fruits did not occur simultaneously, even within one spathe, this process could not be followed in situ.
EPSP Amplitudes and Dynamics in Dendritic Spines using Voltage-Sensitive Dyes

Dendritic spines are the initial site of the processing of information carried by excitatory network activity. Spine morphology often includes a narrow neck, which is known to isolate the biochemical signaling components within the spine from the dendritic branch. To what degree spines are isolated electrically and how local excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) behave is still not fully understood. It is known, however, that the larger the electrical isolation, the larger the amplitude of membrane potential changes, which may have a significant impact on signaling mechanisms within the spine responsible for important processes such as synaptic plasticity. We are addressing this question using 2-photon imaging of voltage sensitive dyes along with synaptic activation via glutamate uncaging in acute brain slices. using a custom microscope we can control the positions of both a recording laser (fixed at the center of a spine) and the uncaging pulse directed at the desired uncaging position just off the spine. The amplitudes of the optical signals in the spine are calibrated using backpropagating action potential waveforms, which, as previously described, is consistent across spines of different sizes and shapes. Uncaging-evoked EPSP amplitudes are typically 10mV-20mV, which are highly attenuated upon reaching the soma, where they typically appear 20 fold smaller in amplitude. Additionally, EPSP dynamics within the spine are typically much faster in the spine, with half-widths around 5-10ms, compared to the same EPSPs measured at the soma, which are typically 50-100ms. The observed attenuation of EPSP amplitudes and increase in duration were used to fit a biophysical, NEURON-based model, in order to explore the role of the spine geometry. NIH grants R01 EB001963 and P41 GM103313
Separation dependence of the coupling in suoerconducting DC transformers

Abstract For superconducting de transformers with 400 nm tin primaries from 300 nm tin secondaries by SiO insulation the coupling parameter V 8 V p decreases from unity to zero as the SiO thickness increases from 500 nm to 150 nm.
The interactions of Co, Mn and water with calcite surfaces

Abstract The interactions of Co, Mn and water with surfaces of single crystal calcite (CaCO 3 ) have been examined using surface analysis techniques (primarily X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) and a specimen transfer system. The metals were deposited on the calcite by evaporation to give submonolayer concentrations. For coverages of Co as low as 0.16 ML, the metal clearly appears in both metallic and oxidized states. Immersion in deionized water completely converts all Co to a compound most consistent with the hydroxide. As previously observed for Mn, some of the Co is removed from the surface during immersion. The rate of removal of Co is two times faster than that of Mn. Further, these rates are about three orders of magnitude slower than that reported for the dissolution of bare calcite. Recently reported solution experiments suggest that Mn cations are adsorbed substitutionally from aqueous solution while most other metals, including Co, are adsorbed in a hydrated form. The significance of our results in light of the conclusions of these solution experiments is discussed.
S-100 protein and myoepithelial neoplasms.

Besides advancing our knowledge of histogenesis, immuno-cytochemical studies of salivery gland tumors have added an important objective component to the diagnosis and classification of the tumors. Cellular localization of S-100 protein now allows identification of myoepithelial cells and tumors composed of these cells. The four tumors presented in this report illustrate the diagnostic advantages afforded by S-100 protein immunocytochemistry.
The Spiritual Reality: A Christian World View

SUMMARY Every human being must answer the question, does God exist? If the answer is no, God does not exist, the follow-up question is, where or how will I anchor myself in life? If the answer is yes God exists, the follow-up question must be, what is God's nature? To acknowledge that God exists and not seek God's nature is to ignore that which we ourselves believe created and rules the universe. The Christian World View addresses the nature of God from a very specific perspective. It is a perspective that organizes the lives of many of our clients. In this article the author presents a non-theological summary of the Christian spiritual perspective and relates some of the main Christian beliefs to family systems thinking as well as to implications for practice.
Inductive measurements of critical current density in superconducting thin films

A noncontacting method of probing the current-induced breakdown of superconductivity (i.e., J/sub c/) in thin films is described which makes use of a single pancake coil pressed against the film surface. The technique has a sensitivity that is approximately 100 times greater than direct transport measurements using room-temperature electronics, and it eliminates many of the attendant difficulties of the latter. Preliminary results on Nb and Y-Ba-Cu-O films at 4.2 K reveal an exponential voltage-current dependence, as expected from the activated flux creep model. It is noted that, this being the case, no unique critical-current density can be defined. In the case of the oxide superconductors the flux-pinning parameters are such that even a practical J/sub c/ definition is probably not useful. >
Artifacts as psychological theories: The case of human-computer interaction

Abstract We cast the psychology of human-computer interaction (HCI) in terms of task analysis and the invention of artifacts. We consider the implications of this for attempts to define HCI in terms of a priori conceptions of psychology. We suggest that artifacts can be considered theory-like in HCI, and observe that they do play a theory-like role in the field as practiced. Our proposal resolves the current methodological perplexity about the legitimacy and composition of the field. We conclude that HCI is a distinct son of science: a design science.
Pyogenic granuloma caused by exposed sternotomy wires.

Background. This case describes a 75-year-old African American man who developed a pyogenic granuloma on the chest due to trauma induced by exposed sternotomy wires from his coronary bypass procedure. Objective. To describe a previously unreported cause of pyogenic granuloma. Materials and Methods. The pyogenic granuloma was excised and during the procedure, exposed sternotomy wires were uncoiled at the base of the lesion. The sternotomy wires were retightened and reappositioned along the sternum, and the wound was closed primarily. Results. The pyogenic granuloma has not recurred after 15 months of follow-up. Conclusions. Pyogenic granulomas are vascular benign tumors that commonly appear secondary to trauma. The source of the trauma in this case was the exposed sternotomy wires.
Full Spectrum Cloudy Scene Simulation

The MCScene code, a high fidelity model for full optical spectrum (UV to LWIR) spectral image simulation, will be discussed and its features illustrated with sample calculations. The MCScene simulation is based on a Direct Simulation Monte Carlo approach for modeling 3D atmospheric radiative transport, as well as spatially inhomogeneous surfaces including surface BRDF effects. The model includes treatment of land and ocean surfaces, 3D terrain, 3D surface objects, and effects of finite clouds with surface shadowing. This paper will review the more recent upgrades to the model including the development of an approach for incorporating direct and scattered thermal emission predictions into the MCScene simulations. Sample calculations presented in the paper include a full optical spectrum simulation from the visible to the LWIR for a desert scene under a broken cloud field. This scene was derived from an AVIRIS visible to SWIR spectral imaging data collect over the Virgin Mountains in Nevada. The data has been extrapolated to the thermal IR. Other calculations include complex 3D clouds over urban and rural terrain.