cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The General Solution of the Time-Dependent Maxwell's Equations in an Infinite Medium with Constant Conductivity

We solve the time-dependent Maxwell's equations in all generality for an infinite medium in which the electric and magnetic permittivities and the conductivity are constant. In addition to the Ohmic current density, we include the effects of the presence of a charge density distribution and an external current density submerged in the medium. The longitudinal component of the magnetic field is shown to be zero, and the longitudinal component of the electric field is the gradient of the Coulomb potential, as in the case of zero conductivity. The longitudinal component of the external current density is given in terms of the charge density, as a generalization of the equation of continuity. The transverse electromagnetic fields are solved in terms of the initial values of the transverse fields and the transverse part of the external current density. Riemann functions are introduced for the problem. A critical wavelength is found such that fields associated with wavelengths shorter than this critical wavelength attenuate more rapidly in time than fields associated with wavelengths longer than the critical wavelength. Moreover, the fields with the shorter wavelengths are superpositions of standing waves that have a damping factor independent of the wavelength, whereas the fields whose wavelengths are longer than the critical wavelength are superpositions of \`static' helical fields, except for the damping factor which does depend on the wavelength. Stratton's travelling and \`diffusive' plane wave solutions appear as special cases of these fields. There appear to be implications in biology and naval communications, which are discussed briefly. To obtain our results we use eigenfunctions of the curl operator, which we have used earlier to solve a variety of problems involving vector fields.
Developments in Kidney Tumor Nephrometry

With the widespread use of computed tomography imaging, the majority of renal tumors are currently detected incidentally at lower grade and stage. Partial nephrectomy has become the preferred treatment for many of these smaller, lower-stage, organ-confined tumors. Compared with radical nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy is more technically difficult to perform. Specific tumor features such as tumor size, depth, location, and proximity to the kidney vasculature and urinary collecting system affect the difficulty of resection. Classically, feasibility of resection has been determined subjectively. Recently, 3 methodologies have been proposed to provide standard, more objective preoperative assessment of tumor anatomy. These "nephrometry" systems include the R.E.N.A.L., PADUA, and C-index systems. In this article, we review aspects of each of these systems, their similarities and differences, and their relevance to clinical practice and academic reporting.
Triply ferrocene-bridged boroxine cyclophane

Mild solvothermal dehydration of 1,1′-ferrocenediboronic acid produces a triply ferrocene-bridged boroxine cyclophane. Its crystal structure reveals a rigid trigonal prism that presents a minimal boroxine-based covalent organic polyhedron (COP).
Kinematic Dynamo Problem

Summary The properties of the dynamo equation are discussed to show that the dynamo equation is self-adjoint for a curl-free velocity under a suitable restriction. The impossibility of a steady dynamo by a motion having only a radial velocity component which vanishes at the boundary surface is proved, and an attempt has been made to verify the possibility of an oscillating toroidal field dynamo. Also it is shown that any poloidal magnetic field cannot be amplified by a uniform stellar contraction, while quasi-steady toroidal fields can be maintained by a homologous contraction.
MUSCLE CATHEPSINS IN THREE SPECIES OF PACIFIC SOLE

The cathepsins in saline muscle extracts of three species of Pacific sole were investigated. A buffered hemoglobin solution (pH 3.0) served as substrate for the enzyme assay. No apparent change in catheptic activity in muscle homogenates of English sole was observed during 25 days of frozen (−26 °C) storage. Partial characterization of the cathepsins indicated a pH activity optimum of 3.0–3.5 for rex and petrale sole but a slightly higher PH optimum of 3.2–3.8 for English sole. The three species showed a temperature optimum of 45 °C for hemoglobin splitting. A wide variation in catheptic activity within the species was observed for rex sole while English and petrale sole showed more uniform catheptic activity. The mean activities for the three species varied significantly (P < 0.05). Results of sensory evaluation of muscles containing high and low levels of catheptic activity from the three species of sole did not support the assumption that cathepsins have a substantial influence upon the quality of marine food fish.
Dual tree discrete wavelet transform with application to image fusion

Image fusion involves combining two or more images to produce a single image with improved visual quality. This paper presents a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) image fusion methodology based on the intensity magnitudes of the wavelet coefficients and compares three variations of the DWT implemented separately in this fusion model. The image fusion model, using the decimated discrete wavelet transform (DDWT), the undecimated discrete wavelet transform (UDWT), and the dual tree discrete wavelet transform (DT DWT), is applied to multi-focus and multi-sensor images. The resulting fused images are compared visually and through root mean square error (RMSE) computations.
Can estrogens promote hypertension during systemic lupus erythematosus

SLE is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disorder that predominantly affects young women. Based on this observation, it has been speculated that sex steroids, particularly estrogens, contribute to SLE disease progression. Young women with SLE are at an increased risk for the development of hypertension yet the reasons for this are unclear. One potential mechanism for the increased risk of hypertension during SLE is the chronic inflammation caused by immune complex mediated tissue injury. Estrogens are known to have an immunomodulatory role that can lead to the production of characteristic autoantibodies important for immune complex formation. Therefore, it is conceivable that during SLE estrogens contribute to tissue injury, increased inflammation and hypertension. This brief review discusses the increased risk for hypertension during SLE, the role of estrogens in immune system function, evidence for estrogens in SLE, and a possible link between estrogens and SLE hypertension.
On the nonperiodic cyclic equivalence classes of Reed-Solomon codes

Picking up exactly one member from each of the nonperiodic cyclic equivalence classes of an (n, k+1) Reed-Solomon code E over GF(q) gives a code, E", which has bounded Hamming correlation values and the self-synchronizing property. The exact size of E" is shown to be (1/n) Sigma /sub d mod n/ mu (d)q/sup 1+k/d/, where mu (d) is the Mobius function, (x) is the integer part of x, and the summation is over all the divisors d of n=q-1. A construction for a subset V of E is given to prove that mod E" mod >or= mod V mod =(q/sup k+1/-q/sup k+1-N/)/(q-1) where N is the number of integers from 1 to k which are relatively prime to q-1. A necessary and sufficient condition for mod E" mod = mod V mod is proved and some special cases are presented with examples. For all possible values of q>2, a number B(q) is determined such that mod E" mod = mod V mod for 1 mod V mod for k>B(q). >
Interactions of Campylobacter jejuni Cytolethal Distending Toxin Subunits CdtA and CdtC with HeLa Cells

Campylobacter jejuni produces a toxin, called cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), which causes direct DNA damage leading to invocation of DNA damage checkpoint pathways. The affected cells arrest in G1 or G2 and eventually die. CDT consists of three protein subunits, CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC, with CdtB recently identified as a nuclease. However, little is known about the functions of CdtA or CdtC. In this work, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based experiments were used to show, for the first time, that both CdtA and CdtC bound with specificity to the surface of HeLa cells, whereas CdtB did not. Varying the order of the addition of subunits for reconstitution of the holotoxin had no effect on activity. In addition, mutants containing deletions of conserved regions of CdtA and CdtC were able to bind to the surface of HeLa cells but were not able to participate in holotoxin assembly. Finally, both Cdt mutant subunits were able to effectively compete with CDT holotoxin in the HeLa cell binding assay.
On state estimation for an orbiting single tether system

The effects of instrumentation accuracy and configuration on estimation error are studied for the small expandable-tether deployment system (SEDS) using a continuous-discrete extended Kalman filter (CDEKF) state estimator. A twelfth order model that incorporates the rigid body modes of the tether as well as the satellite attitude dynamics is developed. Simulation results using the model and the estimator indicate that the originally planned instrumentation package could not estimate the state vector adequately. Recommendations are made and results presented that reduce the estimation error by adding instruments and increasing selected measurement accuracies. >
Investigation of Turbulence in the Early Stages of a High Resolution Supernova Simulation

Cosmologists have used the light curves of Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) as tools for surveying vast distances. Previous simulations have used coarse resolution and artificial initial conditions that substantially influenced their outcome. Here, we have the unique advantage of being able to import the results from previous simulations of convection leading to ignition from our low Mach number code, MAESTRO, directly into our compressible code, CASTRO. These initial conditions include the location of ignition and the turbulence on the grid. In this video, we show the turbulence within the early ``bubble" of a supernova via renderings of the magnitude of the vorticity within the simulation. We then focus on the highest values of the magnitude of vorticity to observe the formation of "vortex tubes."
Reactions of a Ru(II) Phenyl Complex with Substrates that Possess C-N or C-O Multiple Bonds: C-C Bond Formation, N-H Bond Cleavage, and Decarbonylation Reactions

Article on the reactions of an Ru(II) phenyl complex with substrates that possess C-N or C-O multiple bonds and C-C bond formation, N-H bond cleavage, and decarbonylation reactions.
3D simulation and analysis of the radiation tolerance of voltage scaled digital circuit

In recent times, dynamic supply voltage scaling (DVS) has been extensively employed to minimize the power and energy of VLSI systems. Also, sub-threshold circuits are becoming more popular. At the same time, the reliability of VLSI systems has become a major concern under Single Event Upsets (SEUs). SEUs are very problematic even for circuits operating at nominal voltages. With the increasing demand for low power reliable systems, it is therefore necessary to harden DVS and sub-threshold circuits efficiently. In this paper, we perform 3D simulations of radiation particle strikes in an inverter implemented using DVS and sub-threshold design. We analyze the sensitivity of the inverter to radiation particle strikes by varying the inverter size, the inverter load, the supply voltage (VDD) and the energy of the radiation particles. From these 3D simulations, we make several observations which are important to consider during radiation hardening of DVS and sub-threshold circuits. Based on these observations, we propose several guidelines for radiation hardening of DVS and sub-threshold circuit designs. These guidelines suggest that the traditional radiation hardening approaches need to be revisited for DVS and sub-threshold designs. We also propose a charge collection model for DVS circuits. Our model can accurately estimate (with an average error of 6.3%) the charge collected at the output of a gate for different supply voltages and different gate sizes for medium and high energy particle strikes. The parameters of our charge collection model can be included in SPICE model cards of transistors, to improve the accuracy of SPICE based radiation simulations for DVS circuits.
Remembrance of Cilia Past

The primary cilium is thought to be disassembled prior to mitosis, freeing the centrosomes to participate in the mitotic spindle. In this issue, Paridaen et al. demonstrate that a remnant of the ciliary membrane remains attached to the mother centriole and is asymmetrically inherited in the developing neocortex.
Inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability of calliper‐based lymph node measurement in dogs with peripheral nodal lymphomas

The purpose of this study was to assess reliability of lymph node measurements between and within raters in dogs with nodal lymphomas. Three raters measured lymph nodes from 20 dogs twice prior to and once after administering chemotherapy. Sum tumour volume (TV) and sum longest diameter (LD) of all lymph nodes at each time point, and the percent change in measurements following chemotherapy, were calculated for each dog. Inter- and intra-rater reliability were assessed with the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). ICC for inter-rater sum TV and sum LD prior to chemotherapy were 0.86 and 0.80, respectively. ICC for inter-rater sum TV and sum LD after chemotherapy were 0.95 and 0.91, respectively. ICC for percent change in sum TV and sum LD were 0.96 and 0.94, respectively. ICC for intra-rater reliability ranged from 0.90 to 0.98 for each rater. Inter- and intra-rater reliability in measurements among the three raters was good to excellent.
The Direct Costs of Corporate Reorganization: An Empirical Examination of Professional Fees in Large Chapter 11 Cases

In this paper I look at a sample of firms that filed for chapter 11 protection in 1994. Unlike most other studies of the direct costs of chapter 11, this sample includes both public and private firms. The direct costs of chapter 11 - defined as professional fees and expenses for purposes of this paper - are found to represent 2.5% of pre-bankruptcy assets, when prepackaged cases are excluded from the sample. The paper then finds that this figure is comparable to the costs of other significant corporate transactions.
Type of Resource Interactions and Acquisition Success

Strategy research on mergers and acquisitions has focused on classifying mergers into related, unrelated categories and recently according to strategic motives. By contrast, we focus on how the combined resources of the merging firms interact to create value. We identify five primary types of resource interactions and examine their inherent post-merger-integration challenges as well as their probabilities of successful value creation and capture. By using this lens, acquirers will be able to identify the primary sources of value in any acquisition that they are contemplating and anticipate post-merger obstacles in realizing this value. This framework will also enable managers to reconsider acquisition strategies that they have avoided because of the poor batting average of acquisitions in general.
The Interactive Advertising Model Tested

ABSTRACTTwo, one-factor, within-subjects experiments were conducted to examine the role of Internet motives on responses to four types of banners (communicate, research, shop, and surf). Participants were each exposed to a total of 12 ads, or 3 different ads for each banner type. There were three dependent variables - attitude toward the ad, ability to persuade, and intent to click. The moderating variable was Internet motives, which had four levels (communicate, research, shop, and surf). Study 1 sampled a group of college students (N=106) and Study 2 sampled non-student adults (N=38). Results indicate that Internet motives influenced the strength of banner type on ad responses, but not for every banner ad examined. The hypothesized feature-to-motive association effect was found to some degree with the student sample, but was not found with the non-student sample. Evidence suggests that Internet motives serve different functions for students and non-students. Implications of the findings are discussed.
143 CLINICAL VIGNETTE: COMMON VACCINES, UNCOMMON PROBLEM: HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA FOLLOWING ROUTINE VACCINATION.

Objective To remind pediatricians of a rare but serious complication that can occur following routine vaccination. Case A previously healthy 12-month-old girl presented with an 18-day history of increasing irritability, somnolence, and fever that began shortly after receiving her third dose of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and her first dose of varicella vaccine. PMH: No previous vaccine reactions, surgeries, hospitalizations, or serious illnesses. PE: T36.5C, P154, R26, BP 126/59. Pale but playful girl with clear rhinorrea, normal tympanic membranes, clear lungs, 2/6 systolic ejection murmur, no organomegaly, and no edema. Labs: WBC 10.3, HGB 5.8, retics 4.3 corrected, Tbili 1.5, normal transaminases, direct Coombs9 3+ with warm autoantibodies present. The patient was admitted and treated with IV steroids, IVIG, and one transfusion. Eleven days later she was discharged with a HGB of 9.7. Serology 3 months later revealed adequate IgG antibodies to varicella and a negative direct Coombs9 test. She was tapered off steroids over 4 months, and there have been no relapses of hemolytic anemia in over 3 years despite subsequent vaccines. Discussion This case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) illustrates an extremely uncommon complication of routine vaccination in a healthy child. Although cases of AIHA have been reported after DTP, oral polio, hepatitis B, measles, H. influenza, smallpox, and other vaccines, no reports could be found implicating the varicella or pneumoccocal vaccines. This child had the most common form of AIHA, which is characterized by warm IgG autoantibodies, usually formed in response to infections, autoimmune disorders, immunodeficiency syndromes, malignancies, or medications. Mortality from warm AIHA in the pediatric age group ranges from 9 to 29% and is usually due to severe anemia or hemorrhage from associated thrombocytopenia. Corticosteroid therapy is first-line treatment followed by immunosuppressive drugs and splenectomy in refractory cases. Other treatment options include IVIG, plasmapheresis, and immunomodulary agents. As the number of recommended childhood vaccines increase, pediatricians should be aware of the possibility of rare but important complications such as AIHA.
Treatment of Parkinsonism

Over the last decade the treatment of Parkinsonism has under gone major developments. Advances deriving from a logically structured series of laboratory experiments have been transferred to the clinic to generate substantial therapeutic achievements.
Locating Questions of Group Responsibility: A Troubling Case

In late March of 1996 Bridget Ward, an African American single mother, moved into her rented row house in Bridesburg, Pennsylvania. Bridesburg was known as a quiet, safe, working-class white neighborhood, and Ward was glad to have found section 8 housing there. She thought it would be a step up from the dangerous West Philadelphia neighborhood where she and her daughters had been living. But her very first night in the house she heard people walking up and down the street yelling ‘Burn, motherfucker, burn!’ When she awoke the next morning, she found ketchup and motor oil thrown on her steps and the words ‘Nigger leave now’ written on her house.1 The local NAACP, the police, and a few community members supported Ward and decried the behavior; nonetheless, two weeks later Ward got an anonymous letter that read ‘we fire-bombed the lady on Thompson Street, and we’ll firebomb your house, too. We’ll get your daughters, you better keep them inside.’ In early May 1996, Ward moved out of Bridesburg.2
Pino Schirripa, La vita sociale dei farmaci. Produzione, circolazione, percezioni degli oggetti materiali della cura , Lecce, Argo Editrice, 2015, pp. 208

Book review of Pino Schirripa, La vita sociale dei farmaci. Produzione, circolazione, percezioni degli oggetti materiali della cura, Lecce, Argo Editrice, 2015, pp. 208.
Umbilical Hernia Repair: The Spectrum of Management Options

Umbilical hernias are frequently encountered in surgical practice. While umbilical hernias are very common, they represent a spectrum of abdominal wall disease for which debate persists regarding the ideal repair. This chapter describes the various strategies available for repair, including laparoscopic and open techniques as well as primary repair and tension-free techniques using mesh reinforcement, taking into consideration a multitude of patient factors that influence surgical decision-making. Data are also provided to assist the surgeon in tailoring his or her approach to the individual patient.
Factors Influencing Thermal Ion-Molecule Rate Constants

This talk (and chapter) should more properly be called “some factors influencing some thermal ion-molecule rate constants.” Much of this work has already appeared in print, so this chapter contains only the essential arguments necessary to understand some of our (and others’) current work in this area.
Mercury contamination in Southern New England coastal fisheries and dietary habits of recreational anglers and their families: Implications to human health and issuance of consumption advisories

Total mercury (Hg) was measured in coastal fishes from Southern New England (RI, USA), and Hg exposure was estimated for anglers and family members that consumed these resources. Fish Hg was positively related to total length (n = 2028 across 7 fish species), and interspecies differences were evident among legally harvestable fish. Many recreational anglers and their families experienced excessively high Hg exposure rates, which was attributed to the enriched Hg content of frequently consumed fishes. Specifically, 51.5% of participants in this study had Hg exposures exceeding the US EPA reference dose, including 50.0% of women of childbearing years. These results are noteworthy given that Hg neurotoxicity occurs in adults and children from direct and prenatal low-dose exposure. Moreover, this study underscores the need for geographic-specific research that accounts for small-scale spatial variations in fish Hg and dietary habits of at-risk human populations.
Current and Future Applications of Coronary CT Angiography with and Without FFR in the Emergency Room

Multiple clinical trials have established the value of Coronary CT angiography (CCTA) for the evaluation of patients presenting to the ED with chest pain and a low to intermediate risk for acute coronary syndrome (ACS). CCTA can be used to evaluate these patients rapidly, effectively, and with relatively low cost and radiation dose. New research continues to accumulate, and despite much evidence to support its use in the ED setting, at least one recently published study has presented potentially contradictory results. Additionally, newer techniques that enhance the utility of CCTA, such as fractional flow reserve (FFR) and CT perfusion analysis have been developed and are becoming increasingly available. These applications provide important information about the hemodynamic significance of coronary lesions and are potentially useful in the ED setting to aid clinical decision making. This review provides an update on the literature related to the use of CCTA in the ED, including a discussion of emerging advanced cardiac CT applications.
Base Sequence Effects in Curved and Rodlike DNA

A number of intriguing structural studies have prompted efforts to understand how the sequence of heterocyclic bases governs the conformation and properties of double helical DNA. The side groups introduce subtle irregularities in the local geometries of crystalline oligomers (Conner et al.; Dickerson & Drew 1981a; Fratini et al.; Kneale et al.; McCall et al. 1985, 1986; Shakked et al.; Viswamitra et al.; Wang et al. 1982a, 1982b) and affect the observed twisting of adjacent residues in solution (Kabsch et al.; Peck & Wang; Rhodes & Klug; Strauss et al.). The chain sequence also influences the overall dimensions of the DNA, the alternating poly d(GC) duplex being more extended (Thomas & Bloomfield) and the alternating poly d(AT) duplex more compact (Chen et al.) than random sequence B-DNA (Borochov et al.; Hagerman 1981; Kam et al.; Kovacic & van Holde; Rizzo & Schellman). Moreover, certain sequences curve naturally in solution, moving more slowly than expected on nondenaturing Polyacrylamide gels (Anderson; Bossi & Smith; Challberg & Englund; Diekmann 1985, 1986; Diekmann & Wang; Hagerman 1985, 1986; Kitchin et al.; Koepsel & Khan; Koo et al.; Ryder et al.; Simpson; Snyder et al.; Wu & Crothers; Zahn & Blattner 1985a, 1985b), exhibiting unusual rotational relaxation properties (Hagermann 1984; Levene et al.; Marini et al.), and adopting arc-like shapes under the electron microscope (Griffith et al.; Ray et al.). Finally, the chemical composition of the bases determines the extent to which intercalated fluorescent dyes wobble between adjacent residues, those within the poly dA · poly dT duplex fluctuating to a much greater extent than those within the poly dG · poly dC complex (Hogan et al.)
Urban Landslides: Challenges for Forensic Engineering Geologists and Engineers

Each year landslides cause 25–50 deaths and on the average $3.5 billion in damage in the United States. Many of these landslides occur in urban settings. Figuring out what caused these urban landslides and also how to prevent them can be a challenge to forensic engineering geologists and geotechnical engineers. Urban landslides are defined as landslides that occur in or near cities, generally involving humans, houses and/or businesses. The importance of studying each slide to determine its cause and then to recommend a mitigation is paramount. Cities need to develop landslide inventory maps and their corresponding susceptibility maps in order to help prevent loss of human life and property from landslides. Control of water and recognition of ancient landslides are two important steps needed in prevention. Case histories involving reactivation of ancient landslides (Kelso, Washington), lack of control of water (Burlingame Place, Bazazz Landslide, Newell Creek Apartments, and Estacada Landslide), and use of LiDAR (Hidden Lakes Landslide) are analyzed to accentuate the above points. The importance of lack of insurance for landslides on normal homeowner policies has great significance.
A Query Construct for Paraconsistent Databases

A data model has recently been developed for representing and manipulating two kinds of uncertain information in databases: incomplete and inconsistent. The model is based on 4-valued relations, called paraconsistent relations, and has already been employed for developing elegant methods for model computation of general deductive databases. Here, we present an SQL-like SELECT statement construct for posing queries to paraconsistent databases based on this model. The syntax of our generalised SELECT statement is similar to that of the usual SELECT statement of SQL, but its semantics is based on a 4-valued logic, making it an effective tool for querying paraconsistent databases.
Health Effects of Ozone

Ozone is the most persistent, intractable air pollutant in urban air. In 1995, according to EPA, over 70 million people in the US resided in areas not meeting the one-hour EPA ozone standard. As mentioned earlier, the adequacy of the US EPA NAAQS standard for ozone was severely criticized causing the agency to review the standard and promulgate a new standard in 1997. The previous standard was 0.12 ppm averaged over 1 hour. The new standard is 0.08 ppm averaged over 8 hours. This new standard reflects current ozone patterns more closely. Years ago, ozone concentrations peaked 2-3 hours after morning and afternoon commuting traffic and those peaks were of about 1 hour in duration. However traffic patterns have changed substantially in most US cities, and now ozone concentrations are seen to last for approximately 8 hours after first rising around 10 am. The reader should keep the old and new standards and their averaging times in mind as she or he reads the following summary of the health effects of ozone exposures.
Spatio-temporal plastic instabilities at the nano/micro scale

Recent experimental observations revealed the inherent nature of strong intermittent and heterogeneous plastic deformation at the nano- to micrometer scale. We present here a review of quantitative...
Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysm "Neck Overhang": Decreased Postclipping Residual Using the Intersecting Clipping Technique.

Background Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms continue to be viewed by many as primarily surgical entities. Objective To introduce a new, easily measurable dimension termed "neck overhang," defined as the amount of the aneurysm that extends proximal to the 2 dimensionally defined "neck" and to evaluate the utility of the intersecting clipping technique (use of straight clip and intersecting fenestrated clip) to adapt to this overhanging segment's specific dimensions and achieve better obliteration of the MCA aneurysms. Methods We reviewed retrospectively 100 MCA aneurysms treated surgically over the last 10 yr at our institution. We identified the clipping technique that was performed (intersecting vs "standard" technique) and we evaluated the presence of a postoperative remnant. We then correlated these with the aneurysm's overhanging neck length. Results Forty-three aneurysms were treated with the intersecting clipping technique. The overall rate of remnant was 16%. In the standard group, the rate of remnant was 23%, whereas with intersecting clipping that was 7% (P = .029). Within the standard clipping group, we found that the optimum threshold for length of the neck overhang was ≥1.9 mm in order to predict the occurrence of residual. Applying this threshold to the intersecting clipping technique group resulted in a reduction in remnant from 35% in the standard group to 9%. Conclusion Neck overhang >1.9 mm is associated with a higher chance of postclipping residual aneurysm in MCA aneurysms. The intersecting clipping technique is a versatile technique that can conform to various aneurysms' geometry and can reduce the rate of post clipping residual for aneurysms with high neck overhang.
Plasma-Derived Exosomes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Carry Dipeptidylpeptidase-4 and Inhibit Normal Human Hematopoiesis

Abstract Introduction: Bone marrow failure and peripheral cytopenias are common manifestations of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), that contribute significantly to disease morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms by which AML interferes with normal hematopoiesis are under intense investigation. Exosomes, the smallest (30-150nm) extracellular vesicles subsets produced by all cells, including leukemia blasts, can re-program the function of recipient cells. Newly diagnosed AML patients have higher levels of plasma exosomes that carry numerous suppressive molecules compared to those in healthy donors. We hypothesize that AML exosomes contribute to patients' cytopenias by inhibiting normal hematopoiesis. Methods: Venous blood (20-50 mL) was obtained from 10 patients newly diagnosed with AML prior to any therapy and from age-matched healthy volunteers (NC). Exosomes were isolated from the plasma of patients, NC, or cell culture supernatants of AML cell lines (THP1, Kasumi, and ML2) by size exclusion chromatography. Protein level, number and size (qNano), and exosome morphology by transmission electron microscopy were determined. Exosome cargos were studied by Western blots for evidence of proteins involved in hematopoiesis, including dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4/CD26), a serine protease that enzymatically cleaves the amino acids of proteins that regulate hematopoiesis. The effect of exosomes on hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by colony forming cell (CFC) assays. CFC assays were plated in triplicate with 10-30µg of exosomes used for every 1mL of media, and the total number of colonies on the plate were counted. The functional activity of DDP-4 was measured using a DPP4-Glo Protease Assay. Results: Exosomes isolated from the plasma of AML patients and from the supernatants of AML cell lines carry DPP-4. In addition, leukemia AML exosomes contain interleukin-3 receptor subunit alpha (CD123), erythropoietin receptor (EPO-R), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β). AML exosomes exhibited a markedly higher DPP-4 functional activity. AML exosomes enriched with DPP-4 suppressed the differentiation and proliferation of normal HPC. The degree of inhibition was dependent on the exosome dose, with marked inhibition (up to 80%) of colony formation detected when 30µg of AML exosomes was used. Exosomes isolated from NC plasma did not inhibit HPC in CFC assays. Conclusion: We report, for the first time, that AML exosomes enriched with DPP-4 having a high level of enzymatic activity inhibit normal human hematopoiesis in vitro . In the future, protection of normal hematopoiesis from suppressive AML exosomes with therapeutic antibodies and/or small molecule pharmacologic inhibitors will aim at decreasing the risk for infections and the need for transfusions in AML. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Accuracy in Adjudication

Many features of public legal systems and private schemes of dispute resolution influence the accuracy of legal outcomes, including rules of procedure and evidence, appeals, regulation of lawyers' conduct, and some aspects of substantive law. An economic inquiry into this subject is concerned with the trade-off between accuracy and cost. Much of the effort involves careful specification of the value of accuracy and cost. Much of the effort involves careful specification of the value of accuracy, which until recently has been largely taken for granted. It turns out that the benefits from greater accuracy vary greatly by context. Accordingly, the discussion separately considers problems of determining liability, assessing damages, and establishing future rights and obligations.
ARGA: Approximate Reuse for GPGPU Acceleration

Many data-driven applications including computer vision, speech recognition, and medical diagnostics show tolerance to error during computation. These applications are often accelerated on GPUs, but high computational costs limit performance and increase energy usage. In this paper, we present ARGA, an approximate computing technique capable of accelerating GPGPU applications. ARGA provides an approximate lookup table to GPGPU cores to avoid recomputing instructions with identical or similar values. We propose multi-table parallel lookupwhich enables computational reuse to significantly speed-up GPGPU computation by checking incoming instructions in parallel. The inputs of each operation are searched for in a lookup table. Matches resulting in an exact or low error are removed from the floating point pipeline and used directly as output. Matches producing highly inaccurate results are computed on exact hardware to minimize application error. We simulate our design by placing ARGA within each core of an Nvidia Kepler Architecture Titan and an AMD Southern Island 7970. We show our design improves performance throughput by up to $2.7 \times$ and improves EDP by $5.3 \times$ for 6 GPGPU applications while maintaining less than 5% output error. We also show ARGA accelerates inference of a LeNet NN by $2.1 \times$ and improves EDP by $3.7 \times$ without significantly impacting classification accuracy. CCS CONCEPTS •Computer systems organization $\rightarrow$ Multicore architectures; •Computing methodologies $\rightarrow$ Machine learning approaches.
Content and Structure in Moral Development: A Crucial Distinction

Studies of moral development in the Piaget and Kohlberg tradition have been the subject of growing and challenging debate as evidenced by the presentations today. Philosophers attack Kohlberg’s particular brand of philosophical reasoning. For example, R. S. Peters (1976) criticizes Kohlberg for his reluctance to consider other philosophical systems by suggesting that Kohlberg simply does not do his homework. At the same time it is not unheard of for some philosophers to allow that Kohlberg’s abilities as a social scientist, especially as a researcher, may really be quite good.
Dendrite formation in Li-metal anodes: an atomistic molecular dynamics study

Lithium-metal is a desired material for anodes of Li-ion and beyond Li-ion batteries because of its large theoretical specific capacity of 3860 mA h g−1 (the highest known so far), low density, and extremely low potential. Unfortunately, there are several problems that restrict the practical application of lithium-metal anodes, such as the formation of dendrites and reactivity with electrolytes. We present here a study of lithium dendrite formation on a Li-metal anode covered by a cracked solid electrolyte interface (SEI) of LiF in contact with a typical liquid electrolyte composed of 1 M LiPF6 salt solvated in ethylene carbonate. The study uses classical molecular dynamics on a model nanobattery. We tested three ways to charge the nanobattery: (1) constant current at a rate of one Li+ per 0.4 ps, (2) pulse train 10 Li+ per 4 ps, and (3) constant number ions in the electrolyte: one Li+ enters the electrolyte from the cathode as one Li+ exits the electrolyte to the anode. We found that although the SEI does not interfere with the lithiation, the mere presence of a crack in the SEI boosts and guides dendrite formation at temperatures between 325 K and 410.7 K at any C-rate, being more favorable at 325 K than at 410.7 K. On the other hand, we find that a higher C-rate (2.2C) favors the lithium dendrite formation compared to a lower C-rate (1.6C). Thus the battery could store more energy in a safe way at a lower C-rate.
Superiority of Out-of-Office Blood Pressure for Predicting Hypertensive Heart Disease in Non-Hispanic Black Adults.

Black Americans suffer disproportionately from hypertension and hypertensive heart disease. Out-of-office blood pressure (BP) is more predictive for cardiovascular complications than clinic BP; how...
Methacrylate Coatings for Titanium Surfaces to Optimize Biocompatibility.

Currently, there are more than 1.5 million knee and hip replacement procedures carried out in the United States. Implants have a 10–15-year lifespan with up to 30% of revision surgeries showing complications with osteomyelitis. Titanium and titanium alloys are the favored implant materials because they are lightweight and have high mechanical strength. However, this increased strength can be associated with decreased bone density around the implant, leading to implant loosening and failure. To avoid this, current strategies include plasma-spraying titanium surfaces and foaming titanium. Both techniques give the titanium a rough and irregular finish that improves biocompatibility. Recently, researchers have also sought to surface-conjugate proteins to titanium to induce osteointegration. Cell adhesion-promoting proteins can be conjugated to methacrylate groups and crosslinked using a variety of methods. Methacrylated proteins can be conjugated to titanium surfaces through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). However, surface conjugation of proteins increases biocompatibility non-specifically to bone cells, adding to the risk of biofouling which may result in osteomyelitis that causes implant failure. In this work, we analyze the factors contributing to biofouling when coating titanium to improve biocompatibility, and design an experimental scheme to evaluate optimal coating parameters.
Value depreciation factors for new and remanufactured high-technology products: a case study on iPhones and iPads

Governmental regulations for expansion of e-waste and customers’ awareness of green goods drive remanufacturing practices in high-technology electronic products. Selling remanufactured high-technol...
Teaching Public Engagement in Research Using the Engagement Tool

The objective of this commentary is to provide educators with suggestions for courses that focus on publicly engaged research. We present an engagement tool that can be used to contrast traditional...
Chapter 15 – Scratch behavior of polymeric materials

: Historically, a scratch has been viewed as a sliding indentation of an asperity over the surface of a material. This simplicity is deceiving, as the phenomenon of a scratch has many facets to its nature and requires much care regarding testing and evaluation. This becomes especially important when the scratch behavior of polymers is considered. Viscoelasticity, among other properties, plays a large role in the material response when a polymer is scratched. This creates a special challenge in developing test methods that address scratch behavior from a material science point of view. The challenge is augmented by the need to address the stress state the material experiences during a scratch. This is possible through numerical means (e.g. finite element methods [FEM]), but the adopted model must be able to encompass the entire material response. This chapter will present a development of the history of scratch testing that led to the development of a new testing and analysis methodology that can address polymer scratch behavior unambiguously. It will also be shown that significant advances have been made in numerical modeling of polymer scratch behavior via the FEMs, which supplements the experimental results to give a comprehensive view of polymer scratch behavior.
Can a brief assessment of social support predict outcomes after bariatric surgery

Social support is important to optimize bariatric surgery outcomes, but limited tools exist for brief and effective assessment preoperatively. The aims of the study were to determine the extent to which two ratings of social support can predict bariatric surgery outcomes, and to examine any associations between these two methods.In this retrospective study, patients were included for whom the Cleveland clinic behavioral rating system (CCBRS) and Flanagan quality of life scale (FQoLS) scores were obtained as part of their preoperative psychosocial evaluation. They were followed up for 6 to 24 months after bariatric surgery. Linear and logistic regressions were performed with patients' CCBRS and FQoLS scores as independent variables, and percent excess weight loss (%EWL), length of stay (LOS), complications, readmissions and loss to follow-up as dependent variables. The prediction of CCBRS ratings from FQoLS social support items was also evaluated. A total of 415 patients were included in the analysis. There were significant associations between the CCBRS and three of the four relevant FQoLS self-ratings. As CCBRS and FQoLS scores increased, complications decreased significantly. The CCBRS alone additionally predicted decreased length of hospital stay and approached significance for predicting decreased readmission rates. There were no associations between %EWL and behavior ratings. The degree of patients' social support is associated with important bariatric surgery outcomes. It is possible to obtain this valuable information via the administration of brief assessments prior to bariatric surgery.
Control and Functionality of Octopus Arms and Suckers

Despite recent advances in the field of soft robotics, localized actuation, sensing, and control remain inadequately addressed. While soft robots offer advantages in adaptable configurations and deformation, they still lack precision, speed, and output force. The octopus is an exemplary model for the design of soft robots, offering solutions to such obstacles, with its powerful and agile arms and dexterous, highly precise suckers. Octopus arms are muscular hydrostats, achieving movements through the conservation of volume, yet the forces they can exert through their arms and suckers are impressive. The knowledge obtained about the sensing, actuation, and control mechanisms of octopus arms and suckers will greatly assist in implementing the distributed control of soft robot arms. This review highlights the key structure–function relationships of octopus arms and suckers, and how they have inspired the field of soft robotics.
Exact Identification of Topologically Essential Interactions in the Networks Derived from Perturbation Experiments

Perturbation screens (e.g. by gene knock-downs) are one of the most promising tools available for discovering the structure of complex biological networks. Considerable obstacle in understanding the results of such screens stems from inability to distinguish the indirect effects of a perturbation from the direct effects. Thus, networks derived from typical perturbation screen are significantly more complex than true underlying networks. The problem of identifying minimal core network topology consistent with results of perturbation screen (i.e. discriminating between direct and indirect effects of a perturbation) has been accurately formulated previously but despite the attempts to solve it, only approximate methods with severe limitations have been developed. Here, we report a novel approach that is based on the theory of self-avoiding random walks which allows one to find an exact solution to the problem: given experimentally derived network one can identify core network(s) consistent with original network (note that for sufficiently complex network, more than one core network is possible). By introducing novel matrix representation of the network topology we reduce the problem of identifying core underlying networks to the counting of self-avoiding random walks in the original network, thus allowing exact solution for any input network topology. We describe application of our approach to synthetic data obtained by simulating artificially constructed networks, as well as to the results of real perturbation screens performed in yeast and mammalian systems.
Silicon Photonic MEMS Phase Shifter Using Gradient Electric Force Actuation

A foundry-compatible MEMs phase shifter for silicon photonic circuits that works with a low electro-static actuation voltage of 12V to produce an overall phase shift of 1.53π is presented in this paper.
Pott's puffy tumor in a 23-month-old: Youngest known case of a rare disease.

Abstract This case report describes a child who developed Pott's puffy tumor and was treated at the Children's Mercy Hospital in Kansas City. In addition to a discussion of a case, a review of the literature was completed on this topic describing the typical embryology and development of the frontal sinus, and the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Pott's puffy tumor. The patient was a 23-month-old boy who developed Pott's puffy tumor after recovery from influenza. The patient presented to the hospital with progressing edema of the unilateral eye that spread bilaterally within a few days. A CT scan demonstrated pansinusitis, developed frontal sinuses, right periorbital cellulitis, and medial forehead subperiosteal abscess. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery and transcutaneous abscess drainage were urgently performed and the patient made a full recovery following a course of ertapenem and levofloxacin. The presence of a developed frontal sinus in a 23-month-old is an unexpected radiologic finding. This case represents the youngest patient reported in the literature to develop this rare complication of frontal sinusitis.
Evaluation of paroxysmal sleep related complex motor behaviors with stereo-EEG

Abstract Introduction The diagnosis of sleep-related epilepsy, and differentiation from NREM parasomnia, can be difficult, particularly when seizures are refractory to anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs); and surface video EEG, neuroimaging, and PSG are negative. We describe such a scenario in a case of a man who presented for evaluation of nearly nightly paroxysmal sleep related complex motor behaviors.