cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Augmented ingestion of carbon monoxide and sulfur oxides by occupants of vehicles while idling in drive-up facility lines

In general, for a line-up of automobiles waiting for a period of time at a drive-up facility, the idling engine emissions are expelled in a rearward direction and tend to envelope the vehicles at the end portion of the queue. Factors that affect these highly localized pollutant accumulation episodes include local meteorological conditions (low altitude inversions, winds and temperatures), number, age and tune-up condition of the cars, exhaust pipe location, interior air handling equipment, vehicle separation distances and natural or artificial barriers that form troughs or partial enclosures in which vehicular emissions can accumulate or be trapped.
Reinterventions after freestyle stentless aortic valve replacement: an assessment of procedural risks

Objectives Repeat aortic valve interventions after previous stentless aortic valve replacement (AVR) are considered technically challenging with an increased perioperative risk, especially after full-root replacement. We analysed our experience with reinterventions after stentless AVR. Methods A total of 75 patients with previous AVR using a Freestyle stentless bioprosthesis (31 subcoronary, 15 root-inclusion and 29 full-root replacement) underwent reintervention in our centre from 1993 until December 2018. Periprocedural data were retrospectively collected from the department database and follow-up data were prospectively collected. Results Median age was 62 years (interquartile range 47-72 years). Indications for reintervention were structural valve deterioration (SVD) in 47, non-SVD in 13 and endocarditis in 15 patients. Urgent surgery was required in 24 (32%) patients. Reinterventions were surgical AVR in 16 (21%), root replacement in 51 (68%) and transcatheter AVR in 8 (11%) patients. Early mortality was 9.3% (n = 7), but decreased to zero in the past decade in 28 patients undergoing elective reoperation. Per indication, early mortality was 9% for SVD, 8% for non-SVD and 13% for endocarditis. Aortic root replacement had the lowest early mortality rate (6%), followed by surgical AVR (13%) and transcatheter AVR (25%, 2 patients with coronary artery obstruction). Pacemaker implantation rate was 7%. Overall survival rate at 10 years was 69% (95% confidence interval 53-81%). Conclusions Repeat aortic valve interventions after stentless AVR carry an increased, but acceptable, early mortality risk. Transcatheter valve-in-valve procedures after stentless AVR require careful consideration of prosthesis leaflet position to prevent obstruction of the coronary arteries.
Midbrain D3 Receptor Availability Predicts Escalation in Cocaine Self-administration.

Abstract Background Results from neuroimaging studies suggest that disruptions in flexible decision-making functions in substance-dependent individuals are a consequence of drug-induced neural adaptations. In addicted populations, however, the causal relationship between biobehavioral phenotypes of susceptibility and addiction consequence is difficult to dissociate. Indeed, evidence from animals suggests that poor decision making due to preexisting biological factors can independently enhance the risk for developing addiction-like behaviors. Neuroimaging studies in animals provide a unique translational approach for the identification of the neurobiological mechanisms that mediate susceptibility to addiction. Methods We used positron emission tomography in rats to quantify regional dopamine D2/3 receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) and assessed decision making using a probabilistic reversal learning task. Susceptibility to self-administer cocaine was then quantified for 21 days followed by tests of motivation and relapse-like behaviors. Results We found that deficits specifically in reward-guided choice behavior on the probabilistic reversal learning task predicted greater escalation of cocaine self-administration behavior and greater motivation for cocaine and, critically, were associated with higher midbrain D3 receptor availability. Additionally, individual differences in midbrain D3 receptor availability independently predicted the rate of escalation in cocaine-taking behaviors. No differences in mGluR5 availability, responses during tests of extinction, or cue-induced reinstatement were observed between the groups. Conclusions These findings indicate that our identified D3-mediated decision-making phenotype can be used as a behavioral biomarker for assessment of cocaine use susceptibility in human populations.
Self-Burnout – A New Path to the End of COVID-19

ABSTRACT In this work we use mathematical modeling to describe a possible route to the end of COVID-19, which does not feature either vaccination or herd immunity. We call this route self-burnout. We consider a region with (a) no influx of corona cases from the outside, (b) extensive social distancing, though not necessarily a full lockdown, and (c) high testing capacity relative to the actual number of new cases per day. These conditions can make it possible for the region to initiate the endgame phase of epidemic management, wherein the disease is slowly made to burn itself out through a combination of social distancing, sanitization, contact tracing and preventive testing. The dynamics of the case trajectories in this regime are governed by a single-variable first order linear delay differential equation, whose stability criterion can be obtained analytically. Basis this criterion, we conclude that the social mobility restrictions should be such as to ensure that on the average, one person interacts closely (from the transmission viewpoint) with at most one other person over a 4-5 day period. If the endgame can be played out for a long enough time, we claim that the Coronavirus can eventually get completely contained without affecting a significant fraction of the region’s population. We present estimates of the duration for which the epidemic is expected to last, finding an interval of approximately 5-15 weeks after the self-burnout phase is initiated. South Korea, Austria, Australia, New Zealand and the states of Goa, Kerala and Odisha in India appear to be well on the way towards containing COVID by this method.
Sensitivity of 89–190-GHz Microwave Observations to Ice Particle Scattering

AbstractThe sensitivity of microwave brightness temperatures (TBs) to hydrometeors at frequencies between 89 and 190 GHz is investigated by comparing Fengyun-3C (FY-3C) Micro-Wave Humidity Sounder-...
AGT/Z 2

We relate Liouville/Toda CFT correlators on Riemann surfaces with boundaries and cross-cap states to supersymmetric observables in four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ gauge theories. Our construction naturally involves four-dimensional theories with fields defined on different ℤ2 quotients of the sphere (hemisphere and projective space) but nevertheless interacting with each other. The six-dimensional origin is a ℤ2 quotient of the setup giving rise to the usual AGT correspondence. To test the correspondence, we work out the ℝℙ4 partition function of four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ theories by combining a 3d lens space and a 4d hemisphere partition functions. The same technique reproduces known ℝℙ2 partition functions in a form that lets us easily check two-dimensional Seiberg-like dualities on this nonorientable space. As a bonus we work out boundary and cross-cap wavefunctions in Toda CFT.
Direct Methods, and the use of Synchrotron Radiation for Macromolecular Crystallography

There is a nice match between some of the capabilities of direct phasing methods (DM) and the sort of problem that can be approached at a synchrotron-radiation (SR) source. We will begin by describing some of these matches, will discuss the ways that the SR community has developed methods to collect high enough quality data for DM to work, and will discuss ways of treating the data to extract the best possible signal.
Ultrafast photoinduced band splitting and carrier dynamics in chiral tellurium nanosheets

Trigonal tellurium (Te) is a chiral semiconductor that lacks both mirror and inversion symmetries, resulting in complex band structures with Weyl crossings and unique spin textures. Detailed time-resolved polarized reflectance spectroscopy is used to investigate its band structure and carrier dynamics. The polarized transient spectra reveal optical transitions between the uppermost spin-split H4 and H5 and the degenerate H6 valence bands (VB) and the lowest degenerate H6 conduction band (CB) as well as a higher energy transition at the L-point. Surprisingly, the degeneracy of the H6 CB (a proposed Weyl node) is lifted and the spin-split VB gap is reduced upon photoexcitation before relaxing to equilibrium as the carriers decay. Using ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we conclude that the dynamic band structure is caused by a photoinduced shear strain in the Te film that breaks the screw symmetry of the crystal. The band-edge anisotropy is also reflected in the hot carrier decay rate, which is a factor of two slower along the c-axis than perpendicular to it. The majority of photoexcited carriers near the band-edge are seen to recombine within 30 ps while higher lying transitions observed near 1.2 eV appear to have substantially longer lifetimes, potentially due to contributions of intervalley processes in the recombination rate. These new findings shed light on the strong correlation between photoinduced carriers and electronic structure in anisotropic crystals, which opens a potential pathway for designing novel Te-based devices that take advantage of the topological structures as well as strong spin-related properties. The complex band structure and carrier decay response upon photoexcitation of the chiral semiconductor tellurium remain to be unveiled. Here, the authors report unusual dynamic band modifications in Te near band-edge structure due to photoinduced symmetry breaking and strong anisotropy in carrier decay dynamics.
A Case of a Boy with Neck Pain at Night Associated with Acute Torticollis and Kyphoscoliosis

Complaints of neck and back pain in children are commonly seen in the office and hospital setting. Typically, pain is self-limiting and does not routinely require additional workup with advanced imaging or intervention. A proper history and physical examination can identify “red flag” signs and symptoms such as new or progressive deformity, radicular pain, night pain, and neurological deficits. If positive, advanced imaging is indicated.
Comparison of Cranioplasty Techniques Following Translabyrinthine Surgery: Implications for Postoperative Pain and Opioid Usage.

OBJECTIVE To assess differences in postoperative pain, opioid usage, and surgical outcomes between cranioplasty using abdominal fat graft (AFG) versus hydroxyapatite cement (HAC) following translabyrinthine surgery. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case control. SETTING Tertiary referral center. PATIENTS Sixty translabyrinthine procedures were evaluated, including 30 consecutive HAC patients and 30 matched AFG patients. Patients were matched by age, gender, body mass index, and tumor size. INTERVENTION Cranioplasty using HAC or AFG following translabyrinthine resection of vestibular schwannoma. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Postoperative patient pain ratings, narcotic usage, inpatient length of stay, and complication rates. RESULTS Patients who underwent HAC cranioplasty had lower postoperative pain scores on several measures (p < 0.05) and less postoperative narcotic usage (mean difference of 36.7 morphine equivalents, p = 0.0025) when compared to those that underwent AFG closure. HAC cranioplasty patients had shorter average length of hospital stay (2.2 vs 3.4 days, p = 0.0441). Postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leaks (one in HAC group, two in AFG group) and skin reactions in AFG closure patients (n = 1) were infrequent. CONCLUSION HAC cranioplasty is a safe technique comparable to AFG closure following translabyrinthine surgery which can decrease postoperative pain, narcotic usage, and hospital length of stay.
The shunt from hell: management based on the point of obstruction

After two years of study and conversation a group of 20 hydrocephalus investigators developed a consensus on a new classification of hydrocephalus based on point of obstruction. This new classification has proved useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hydrocephalus of all types and is especially helpful in assessing the various treatment options for the individual patient.
On the Active Site of α-Chymotrypsin CYCLIZED AND NONCYCLIZED SUBSTRATES WITH TETRASUBSTITUTED α CARBON ATOMS

Abstract Cyclized α-tetrasubstituted substrates, 1-keto-3-methyl-3-carbomethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline, designated as Compound II-C, and methyl 3-methyl-3,4-dihydroisocoumarin-3-carboxylate, designated as Compound II-D, are hydrolyzed by α-chymotrypsin readily and highly stereospecifically in the R-D sense, kcat/Km = 1.8/0.0054 = 330 m-1 sec-1 and 2.7/0.0083 = 320 m-1 sec-1, respectively. The results indicate that d-cyclized substrates associate with the enzyme with the hetero ring at the α-hydrogen position, (h); the α-tetrasubstituted cyclized compounds place the α-methyl group at the l-α-acetamido site. Compounds II-C and II-D are less reactive by factors of 60 and 70 than the corresponding α-trisubstituted cyclized substrates. Factors of 9 and 20, respectively, may arise from the effect of the α-methyl group on the nonenzymic hydrolytic reactivity. The remaining factors are due to minor effects of the methyl group on Km. Noncyclized α-tetrasubstituted substrates, methyl N-acetyl-α-methyl-phenylalaninate, designated as Compound I-C, and methyl α-methyl-α-acetoxy-β-phenylpropionate, designated as Compound I-E, are inert to α-chymotrypsin, largely because they may place neither α substituent readily at h. However RS methyl α-methyl-β-phenyllactate, designated as Compound I-D, is a noncyclized α-tetrasubstituted compound which is hydrolyzed by α-chymotrypsin, kcat/ Km = 0.47/0.014 = 35 m-1 sec-1. It is hydrolyzed preferentially in the R-D sense like the cyclized compounds because, of the two α substituents, the α-hydroxyl is better accommodated at h. Interaction at the h part of the active site is with methionine 192. Absolute configurations of α-tetrasubstituted cyclized compounds are assigned by the proposed orientation in the active site and by optical rotatory dispersion correlations. Configurations of I-D and II-D are correlated by stereospecific conversion of I-D to II-D.
Identification of potentially avoidable pediatric hospital use: admitting physician judgment as a complement to utilization review.

Objective. To determine, for acute general pediatric admissions, 1) the proportion of admissions that the admitting physician would identify as potentially avoidable; 2) services that might help reduce avoidable admissions; 3) potential savings in hospital days through eliminating avoidable admissions; 4) the role that social factors play in admission decisions; and 5) if admitting physician judgment provides a valuable complement to Utilization Review (UR) in identifying avoidable admissions. Methods. A questionnaire was used to determine the proportion of 600 acute general pediatric admissions considered potentially avoidable by the admitting physician and to identify services required to prevent such admissions. Savings through eliminating potentially avoidable admissions and social factors influencing admission decisions were examined. Physicians9 and UR assessments of necessity of inpatient care were compared. Results. Admitting physicians judged 28% of admissions as potentially avoidable, citing alternative services for each avoidable admission. Eliminating all avoidable admissions would have reduced hospital days by 7.7%. Physicians identified 6% of admissions as social admissions, most commonly due to an overwhelmed family. UR identified 1% of potentially avoidable admissions as unnecessary. Conclusion. Incorporating admitting physician judgment may significantly improve current efforts to identify and reduce avoidable hospital use.
Schneer v Commissioner: Continuing Confusion Over the Assignment of Income Doctrine and Personal Service Income

This article will analyze the proper application of the assignment of income doctrine to personal service income. Part II will trace the historical development of the assignment of income doctrine and will analyze the doctrine's underlying rationale. The importance of distinguishing between gratuitous and nongratuitous assignments of income will be developed in this Part. Part Ill will present a number of hypothetical situations drawn from actual cases and rulings that involve the application of the doctrine to personal service income. This will both show the pervasiveness of the doctrine and lay the basis for further analysis. Part IV will demonstrate that the tests currently used by the Internal Revenue Service and the courts in these situations - the similarity test and the agency test - fail to provide either a rational or workable basis for solving these problems. Instead, they have resulted in a welter of unintelligible and irreconcilable decisions. Finally, Part V will show how reference to the doctrine's underlying purpose, and particularly to the basic distinction between gratuitous and nongratuitous assignments of income, solves many of the puzzles besetting the application of the doctrine.
Biological properties of the deer papillomavirus E5 gene in mouse C127 cells : growth transformation, induction of DNA synthesis and activation of the platelet-derived growth factor receptor

We determined the biological activities of the 44-amino-acid deer papillomavirus (DPV) E5 protein in mouse C127 cells. The DPV E5 gene can induce focus formation, stable and acute morphologic transformation, and DNA synthesis, and it activates the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta receptor as assessed by increased constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of mature and precursor receptor forms. Thus, the DPV E5 protein has biological activities similar to those of the closely related E5 protein from bovine papillomavirus type 1. Moreover, like the bovine papillomavirus type 1 E5 protein, the DPV E5 protein shares a short region of sequence similarity with the B chain of PDGF. These results show that activation of the PDGF receptor is a general property of fibropapillomavirus E5 proteins, lending support to our previous proposal (L. Petti, L. Nilson, and D. DiMaio, EMBO J. 10:845-855, 1991) that activation of the PDGF receptor may play a central role in transformation of fibroblasts by E5 proteins.
Going Beyond Web Browsing to Web Tasking: Transforming Web Users from Web Operators to Web Supervisors

The web was originated as a global information space. Over time, it has been evolved into a global service platform upon which users perform transactional tasks. While web browsing is good for information retrieval and search, web browsing might not be the most optimal user model for web tasks. Tasks have defined sequences of sub-tasks advancing towards specific goals that require user input. Web tasks involve operations on resources that produce side effects. Web browsing typically involves read-only operations on resources. This paper introduces the concept of web tasking, applying the RESTful web application model of "Hypermedia as the Engine of Application State" (HATEOAS) on web tasks. It also introduces the notion of web task automations; pre-set conditions for executions at future points in time. It also discusses machine-operate goal-directed application state transitions as a part of task automation. The ubiquitous nature of interactions and monitoring of web tasking is also covered.
Frequency of physician visits for GI complaints by anorexic and bulimic patients.

TO THE EDITOR: It comes as no surprise that anorexics and bulimics suffer from a variety of upper and lower GI ailments as a result of their pathological behaviors. Studies have shown that about one-third of bulimics have esophageal inflammation or erosions on endoscopy (1), and two-thirds of bulimics show abnormalities in esophageal motility (2). Other work has demonstrated that most anorexics suffer from abnormal gastric emptying of solids (3) and prolonged small intestinal transit time (4). Anorexics and bulimics who surreptitiously abuse laxatives show a plethora of physical and endoscopic findings including colonic dilation, hypokalemia, rebound edema after diuretic discontinuation, and Melanosis coli (5).
The Bipolar Child: The Definitive and Reassuring Guide to Childhood's Most Misunderstood Disorder

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry - Vol. 40 - N° 1 - p. 124-125
Topography at the core‐mantle boundary

Analysis of the Earth's gravity field using ratio of gravity to geoid (g/N) and cumulative degree contribution curve techniques improves resolution of the mass, depth, and dimensions of anomalous mass sources within the planet. The source for four of the ten major geoid anomalies of the Earth has large contributions from harmonic degrees 2 and 3, lie at the core-mantle boundary, and the greatest has a mass anomaly of 4.2·1022 grams. That boundary has a density contrast (4.4 gm/cm³) which is greater than at any other location, including the contrast at the Earth's surface with space. Thus, relatively small vertical undulations of that boundary produce very large mass anomalies. Topographic relief of less than 3 km at the core-mantle boundary occurs, and accounts for the existence of the largest geoid anomalies occurring on the Earth.
Physiological roles of STIM1 and Orai1 homologs and CRAC channels in the genetic model organism Caenorhabditis elegans.

The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans provides numerous experimental advantages for developing an integrative molecular understanding of physiological processes and has proven to be a valuable model for characterizing Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. This review will focus on the role of Ca2+ release activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel activity in function of the worm gonad and intestine. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent oscillatory Ca2+ signaling regulates contractile activity of the gonad and rhythmic posterior body wall muscle contraction (pBoc) required for ovulation and defecation, respectively. The C. elegans genome contains a single homolog of both STIM1 and Orai1, proteins required for CRAC channel function in mammalian and Drosophila cells. C. elegans STIM-1 and ORAI-1 are coexpressed in the worm gonad and intestine and give rise to robust CRAC channel activity when coexpressed in HEK293 cells. STIM-1 or ORAI-1 knockdown causes complete sterility demonstrating that the genes are essential components of gonad Ca2+ signaling. Knockdown of either protein dramatically inhibits intestinal cell CRAC channel activity, but surprisingly has no effect on pBoc, intestinal Ca2+ oscillations or intestinal ER Ca2+ store homeostasis. CRAC channels thus do not play obligate roles in all IP3-dependent signaling processes in C. elegans. Instead, we suggest that CRAC channels carry out highly specialized and cell specific signaling roles and that they may function as a failsafe mechanism to prevent Ca2+ store depletion under pathophysiological and stress conditions.
Modeling, design and performance of integrated power electronics using MEMS toroidal inductors

This paper presents the design and optimization of MEMS-microfabricated toroidal inductors targeted for use in integrated power electronics. The process is based on Monte-Carlo inductor synthesis, performance evaluation based on analytic inductor models and circuit simulation, and Pareto-optimal filtering. The models and simulation are verified through comparison with magnetic finite element analysis and measurements. The design process is illustrated through the development of a buck converter in a 25-W LED driver that uses air-core toroidal inductors and GaN transistors. Design results indicate that efficiencies higher than 90% and power densities higher than 100 W/in3 are possible. In the resulting designs the inductors are no longer the physically largest part of the converter.
Timing of immunosuppression in the natural history of autoimmune diseases.

We have insufficient data to guide us to the optimal timing of immuno-suppressionin the natural history of any autoimmune disease. Moreover, there are differences among the many autoimmune diseases and the many drugs available for use. Nevertheless, certain principles have emerged. Prophylactic non-specific immunosuppression prior to the onset of the immune-mediated process often is of minimal benefit. Vigorous immuno-suppression shortly after the onset of the immune-mediated process is most effective; many agents are of benefit at such times. If the disease has progressed to susbstantial clinical involvement, certain drugs previously useful may no longer be effective. At such a time of moderately advanced clinical involvement, only selected agents may suppress the disease. With substantial loss of function of irreplaceable organs, or parts thereof, immunosuppression becomes progressively less effective. Such drugs can interfere with inflammatory processes, but are of little benefit after deletion of cells or scarring of an organ. Therefore, to have any benefit, immunosuppression must be instituted prior to the time of irreversible loss of critical organs or parts thereof.
Development of Counseling Trainees' Multicultural Awareness Through Mentoring English as a Second Language Students

This study reports the development of trainee multicultural awareness through a content anaiysis of reflections on mentoring English as a second language students. Identified themes show relationships with the Multicultural Counseling Inventory (G. R. Sodowsky, 1996) and White Racial Identity Attitudes Scale (J. E. Helms, 1990). Results suggest that guided experiential components of multicultural training can be effective.
A methodology for designing toolkits for specification level verification of interval-constrained information systems requirements

Abstract In developing automated tools for verification for an Information systems (IS), there exists a need for a methodology for the development of information requirements maintenance toolkits which will maintain IS with unconstrained and constrained requirements. In this paper, we present a methodology for building generalized designs of IS maintenance toolkits that maintain the requirements specification of IS. Our methodology will decrease the effort in building and increase the structural quality of IS maintenance toolkits that are used for verification of an IS in areas such as command, control, communication, computer, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C 4 ISR) organizations. The methodology represents a reuse-oriented Unified Modeling Process (UMP) and consists of a method for developing an enterprise model, a method for developing use cases of the toolkit services, a method for developing logic designs and a method for developing the component view of the software.
Temporal Variations in Predictability.

Those characteristics which most significantly contribute to temporal variations in error growth are presently examined in light of a large ensemble of predictability runs conducted in the course of a long equilibrium run in a two-level, nonlinear, quasi-geostrophic model which incorporates orography. In the error spectrum thus developed, all scales grow with a similar doubling time until saturation is first reached at the smallest scales. Due to a lag relationship between equilibrium kinetic energy and available potential energy, it is possible to marginally predict times of small and large error growth.
Isolation and characterization of histones from Anopheles albimanus Weidemann

1. Histones from Anopheles albimanus adults were prepared by a combination of techniques including chromatin isolation and selective extractions. 2. The anopheline histones were identified on acid urea gels by comparing their electrophoretic profile with that of calf thymus histones and histones isolated from other tissue. 3. Excellent separation of histones was obtained after the extractions by a single electrophoretic run. 4. In addition to the five major classes of histones found in eukaryotes, a sixth class was detected and tentatively identified as histone H5. 5. This is the first report of histone H5 and its function in insects.
Clues for new therapeutics in osteoporosis.

A recent study shows that the mouse 12/15-lipoxygenase gene contributes to variation in bone mass and that inhibiting its protein product results in increased bone mineral density and strength.
Managing Dog Waste: Campaign Insights From the Health Belief Model

Aiming to help municipalities develop effective education and outreach campaigns to reduce stormwater pollutants, such as pet waste, this study applied the Health Belief Model (HBM) to identify perceptions of dog waste and corresponding collection behaviors from dog owners living in a small U.S. city. Results of 455 online survey responses strongly support the HBM, a well-established health communication theory, and provide evidence for helping municipalities develop dog waste reduction campaigns. These findings guide dog waste behavior change campaign strategies discussed at the end of the article, and point to HBM's potential application to other environmental issues.
Evidence of large particle allergen inhalation from contact with surfaces

Background To establish a more accurate relationship between dust mite allergen on surfaces such as bedding with respiratory uptake, an exposure method is needed which correlates exposure of allergen on surfaces with respiratory dose. Objectives Assess if aerodynamically large allergen particles (>10 μm), similar in nature to dust mite allergen, is inhaled into the nose from direct head-and-hand contact with allergen contaminated surfaces. Methods Short ragweed pollen (20-μm diameter) was used as a surrogate for dust mite allergen exposure because of its similar aerodynamic and physiologic properties. Pillows and a section of linoleum (followed by a hand press) were embedded with 99M Technetium labeled pollen. Particles on the linoleum were transferred to the sampler after a hand press to the surface. Simulated human exposure was performed by surface-sampling particles, at a capture velocity of the nose, onto a filter. Human evaluation of hand transfer to the nose or direct inhalation from a pillow was performed with three subjects. Percentage respiratory uptake and deposition location was determined by gamma camera imaging. Results Simulated respiratory uptake of pollen by hand-to-nose transfer and directly off pillows was 20% and 1.4%, respectively. Human subject respiratory uptake by hand-to-nose transfer and directly off pillows was 6.6% and 1.5%, respectively. Most of the regional activity was found immediately in the nasal vestibule with 13% to 39% of the total activity localized in the pharyngeal region. Conclusions Aerodynamically large allergen particles (pollen) are inhaled and deposited into the anterior nose and pharyngeal areas of the respiratory tract from direct contact with allergen-containing surfaces.
Studies on the Incorporation of Isotopically Labeled Nucleotides and Amino Acids in Planaria

Neither intact nor regenerating planaria incorporated any significant amount of tritiated thymidine, tritiated L-leucine, or C14-L-leucine from free solution even over long periods of exposure. Tritiated thymidine was incorporated into regenerating rat liver and fed to planaria, but tritium hydrogen exchange rendered this method useless. A large incorporation of C14-uracil and C14-L-leucine into planaria was obtained by growing baker's yeast in a defined medium containing the labeled compound and then feeding the acetone dried yeast to the planaria. C14 assay of the amino acid components of planaria fed on C14-L-leucine labeled yeast showed C14 in only the L-leucine component and yielded a minimum estimate for protein turnover of 46% in seven weeks. Radioautographs of planaria fed on C14-uracil labeled yeast exhibited specific incorporation into ribonucleic acid. Previous radioisotopic studies on planaria are evaluated and criticized. The amino acid composition of planarian protein was determined.
An extension of the mixed primal–dual bases algorithm to the case of more constraints than dimensions

Abstract The problem of minimizing a quadratic function with linear inequality constraints is considered with applications to nonparametric regression with shape assumptions. For many problems, the set defined by the constraints is a closed convex cone. The mixed primal–dual bases algorithm (Fraser and Massam, 1989, Scand. J. Statist. 16, 65–75) for regression under inequality constraints finds a least-squares regression estimate over such a cone in a finite number of steps, with the restriction that the number of constraints does not exceed the number of dimensions in the space. Some applications, however, require more constraints than dimensions, and the main purpose of this paper is to extend the algorithm to this more general case. Properties of the constraint cone and its polar cone are presented in the generality necessary in this situation. One surprising result is that the number of generators of the constraint cone can be much larger than the number of generators for the polar cone. Applications are presented for least-squares regression, and regression in which a roughness penalty term is included in the function to minimize.
System Throughput Optimization and Runtime Communication Middleware Supporting Dynamic Software-Hardware Task Migration in Data Adaptable Embedded Systems

The complexity of embedded applications has led to highly configurable algorithms and standards that support a wide range of data inputs. Design time optimization of these algorithms is not possible due to combinatorial explosion of data configurations - or data profiles - that can be observed at runtime. To address these challenges, data adaptable design methodologies can be utilized to directly model the correlation of data profiles and algorithmic requirements. This approach enables a reconfigurable implementation that adapts the system execution at runtime to utilize profile-specific hardware tasks in response to changes in the data profile of the current input data. In this paper, we present a simulation-based methodology and heuristic search methodology for determining system configurations considering available hardware accelerators and the sizes of FIFO queues within those accelerators to determine Pareto optimal configurations for system throughput and area. We further present a hardware/software communication wrapper and middleware to support seamless communication between software and hardware tasks.
The use of densimetry and fixed-cell scanning calorimetry to probe solute and solution structure and reactions from 270 K to 400 K

Abstract We have used a vibrating-tube densimeter to investigate the densities and volumetric properties of aqueous solutions, and a fixed-cell scanning calorimeter to measure aqueous solution heat capacities. Solutions investigated include sugars, neutral weak acids and bases, neutralized acids and bases, neutral and protonated amino acids, surfactants, and both strong and ion-paired electrolytes. We have made measurements at molalities m from 0.005 mol·kg −1 to 0.5 mol·kg −1 , at temperatures T from 278.15 K to 393.15 K, and at the pressure p = 0.35 MPa. We have calculated the apparent molar volumes V φ and apparent molar heat capacities C p,φ of the solutions and fit them by regression to equations that describe the surfaces (V φ , T, m) and (C p,φ , T, m). These results reflect changes and differences in both solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions. Standard state partial molar volumes V 2 ° and heat capacities C p,2 ° were estimated by extrapolation to the m = 0 mol·kg −1 plane of the fitted surfaces. We have calculated (Δ r ,C p,m , T, m) surfaces for various proton dissociation reactions, and we have created surfaces representing (Δ r H m , T, m) and (pQ a , T, m) by integration of our (Δ r C p,m , T, m) surfaces using values for (Δ r H m , m) and (pK a , m) at a reference T as integration constants. We have also created surfaces representing (Δ r S m , T, m) and (Δ r V m , T, m) for these dissociation reactions.
Computer-controlled multidimensional display device for investigation and modeling of physiologic systems

Abstract A system is described in which the space- and time-sampled data can, by manipulation, be displayed as a variety of contoured structures according to the investigator's preference. Additionally, the device can be used to display an appropriate model of the system under study, such as a dipole model of a potential field. The time dimension can be manipulated in a variety of ways, one of the most instructive being that of a movie-like display of the moment-to-moment spatial contours. The basic system consists of a digital computer which samples data from a specified electrode array, increases the number of data points 25-fold by statistical interpolation, and provides a variety of moving displays or graphic output options. The initial systems were digital but a hybrid system was eventually developed which provided maximal flexibility and efficiency for the medium-sized computer available.
Use of Alcohol Mixed With Energy Drinks as a Predictor of Alcohol-Related Consequences Two Years Later

Objective:This study examines the use of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) as a predictor of alcohol problems and alcohol-related consequences and accidents two years later in a college student sample.Method:Longitudinal data on AmED use, alcohol consequences, and alcohol problems were collected from the fall of students’ second year of college to the fall of their fourth year (N = 620, 49% male).Results:After we controlled for demographic indicators and heavy episodic drinking, AmED use was a consistent predictor of negative alcohol-related outcomes 2 years later. Compared with no AmED use, both infrequent (i.e., one to three times per month) and frequent (i.e., one or more times per week) AmED use were associated with an increased risk of negative alcohol consequences and harmful/hazardous alcohol use (≥8 on Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test [AUDIT]). Frequent AmED use was also associated with serious alcohol problems (≥16 on AUDIT) and an increased risk of alcohol-related accidents in the...
Large-Scale Proteomic Characterization of Melanoma Expressed Proteins Reveals Nestin and Vimentin as Biomarkers That Can Potentially Distinguish Melanoma Subtypes

Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer, which accounts for only 4% of skin cancer cases but causes around 75% of skin cancer deaths. Currently, there is a limited set of protein biomarkers that can distinguish melanoma subtypes and provide an accurate prognosis of melanoma. Thus, we have selected and profiled the proteomes of five different melanoma cell lines from different stages of progression in comparison with a normal melanocytes using tandem mass spectrometry. We also profiled the proteome of a solid metastatic melanoma tumor. This resulted in the identification of 4758 unique proteins, among which ∼200–300 differentially expressed proteins from each set were found by quantitative proteomics. Correlating protein expression with aggressiveness of each melanoma cell line and literature mining resulted in the final selection of six proteins: vimentin, nestin, fibronectin, annexin A1, dipeptidyl peptidase IV, and histone H2A1B. Validation of nestin and vimentin using 40 melanoma samples revealed...
Discovery and Design of Functional Materials: Integration of Database Searching and First Principles Calculations

The development of strategies for the integration of crystallographic database searching with first-principles density functional methods for the discovery and design of novel functional materials is discussed. Qualitative guidelines for the design of norm-conserving designed nonlocal pseudopotentials developed for high-throughput searches are also discussed, as are the preliminary results of four underdeveloped families of functional materials.
The Cancer Pain Practice Index: A Measure of Evidence-Based Practice Adherence for Cancer Pain Management in Older Adults in Hospice Care

Various clinical practice guidelines addressing pain assessment and management have been available for several years that pertain, at least to some extent, to older patients with cancer. Nonetheless, systematic evaluations or methodologically sound studies of adherence to pain management practice guidelines within Medicare-certified hospice programs are lacking. As part of a larger translating-research-into-practice pain improvement study involving older patients with cancer in hospice programs, we recognized the need to create a valid and reliable tool that can facilitate critical evaluation of hospice medical records for nurse and physician adherence to pain management guidelines to create a consolidated score for comparative and quality improvement purposes. We report the process used to create this tool, named the Cancer Pain Practice Index, and a guide to its use.
A developmental study of the composition and biosynthesis of the cuticular hydrocarbons of Trichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The cuticular lipids of the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni are comprised mostly of hydrocarbons. The type of hydrocarbons present varies with development. Over 98% of the hydrocarbons of the larva and pupa are 2-methyl-and internally branched mono-, di- and tri-methylalkanes of 31–42 carbons. Methylalkanes comprise 74.5 and 86.1% of the hydrocarbons from 3-day-old adult females and males, respectively. Newly emerged adults contain traces of n-alkanes which increase in amount to day 5. No significant increase in methylalkanes was observed in adults with age. Larvae readily incorporated [1-14C]acetate into each major hydrocarbon component, whereas [3H]valine preferentially labelled the 2-methylalkanes and [1-14C]propionate labelled the internally branched alkanes almost exclusively. [9,10-3H]Palmitate was not incorporated into methyl alkanes which was consistent with the methyl branches being inserted early during chain elongation. Adult insects incorporated radioactive precursors into their hydrocarbon at much lower rates than did larvae, and switched from the almost exclusive synthesis of methylalkanes during larval stages to producing only n-alkanes as adults.
TOPOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COILED HELICAL SYSTEMS

ppling Disease, Harvard Medical School and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General spital. 1 K. R. Porter and P. Vanamee, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 71, 513, 1949; S. F. Jackson, in r. Randall (ed.), Nature and Structure of Collagen (New York: Academic Press, 1953), p. 140. 2 G. Bahr, Exptl. Cell Research, 1, 603, 1950; P. Vanamee and K. R. Porter, J. Exptl. Med., 94, i, 1951; H. Noda and R. W. G. Wyckoff, Biochem. et biophys. acta, 7, 494, 1951; J. Gross, ins. Fourth Josiah Macy Conf. on Metabolic Interrelationships, p. 32, 1952; S. F. Jackson and r. Randall, in Randall, op. cit., p. 181. 3 J. H. Highberger, J. Gross, and F. 0. Schmitt, these PROCEEDINGS, 37, 286, 1951. 4 A. A. Tustanovsky, Biokhimiya, 12, 285, 1947; V. N. Orekhovich, A. A. Tustanovsky, A. A. ekhovich, and N. E. Plotnikova, Biokhimiya, 13, 55, 1948; V. N. Orekhovich, Proc. 2nd Intat. Cong. Biochem., Paris, 1952 (Moscow: Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R., 1952), p. 106. 5 M. B. McEwen and M. I. Pratt, in Randall, op. cit., p. 158; P. Gallop, in press; S. E. Bresler et al. mpts. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. [Moscow], 72, 555, 1950) from ultracentrifuge and diffusion studies ort a molecular weight of 70,000 for "procollagemn." M. B. Mathews, E. Kulonen, and A. Dorfn (Arch. Biochem. and Biophys., 52, 247, 1954) report the same figure obtained by osmotic prese studies on similar solutions. However, neither group determined whether or not the collagen solution could be reconstituted to form fibrils, and there is reason to believe that in both cases collagen was degraded to a "parent" gelatin. 6 F. 0. Schmitt, J. Gross, and J. H. Highberger, these PROCEEDINGS, 39, 459, 1953. 7 J. Gross, J. H. Highberger, an(d F. 0. Schmitt, these PROCEEDINGS, 40, 679, 1954. R. D. Harkness, A. M. Marks, H. M. Muir, and A. Neuberger, in Randall, op. cit., p. 208. 9 R. D. Harkness, A. M. Marko, H. M. Muir, and Z. Neuberger, Biochem. J., 56, 558, 1954. 0 J. H. Highberger, J. Am. Leather Chemists Assoc., 9, 345, 1936. 1 J. H. Bowes and R. H. Kenten, Biochem. J., 46, 1, 1950. 2 It has been noted that skin which has been frozen solid for more than a week yields very little a-extractable collagen. 3 H. N. Christensen, T. R. Riggs, and N. E. Ray, Anal. Chem., 23, 1521, 1951. 4 C. J. Martin and A. E. Axelrod, Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med., 83, 461, 1953. mR. E. Neuman and M. A. Logan, J. Biol. Chemn., 184, 299, 1950. 6 It should be realized that these ionic strengths are not the final ones because of dilution by :ue water. 7 H. Boedtker and P. Doty, J. Phys. Chem. 58, 968, 1954.
Volatile leaf oils of Caribbean Myrtaceae. VI. Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh of Jamaica.

ABSTRACT The foliar oil of Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaugh (Myrtaceae), which was collected in Jamaica, was examined by GC/MS. It was found that the oil was dominated by limonene (55.99%) and α-terpineol (10.85%) with lesser amounts of 1,8-cineole (7.09%) and α-pinene (6.92%).
Improved currents for heavy quarks

We discuss lattice artifacts for matrix elements of hadrons containing one or more heavy quark. In particular, we analyze interrelations between lattice artifacts and the 1/ m Q expansion. The implications for calculations of heavy-light decay constants and of semi-leptonic form factors are discussed.
Cycle Kronecker products that are representable as optimal circulants

Broere and Hattingh proved that the Kronecker product of two cycles is a circulant if and only if the cycle lengths are coprime. In this paper, we specify which of these Kronecker products are actually optimal circulants. Further, we present their salient characteristics based on their edge decompositions into Hamiltonian cycles. It turns out that certain products thus distinguished have the added property of being tight-optimal, so their average distances are the least among all circulants of the same order and size. A benefit of the present study is that the existing results on the Kronecker product of two cycles may be used to good effect while putting these circulants into practice. The areas of applications include parallel computers, distributed systems and VLSI.
Derivation of a Melamine Oral Reference Dose (RfD) and Drinking-Water Total Allowable Concentration

Due to its high nitrogen content, melamine has been used to adulterate food to increase apparent protein content. In 2008, thousands of Chinese infants consumed reconstituted formula derived from melamine-adulterated milk. Urinary-tract stones (comprised of melamine and uric acid) accumulated in some victims and lead to acute renal failure or death. Premature infants and children ( or =72 mg/kg-d. Bladder epithelial damage was followed by epithelial hyperplasia that progressed to bladder papillomas and carcinomas in male but not female F344 rats or male or female B6C3F1 mice. Short-term assays suggest, at best, weak genotoxic activity, and kinetic data show that melamine is not metabolized. Since reliable exposure information was lacking from the clinical reports, an oral reference dose (RfD) based on urolithiasis in male rats after 13 wk of continuous melamine ingestion was calculated as a 10% benchmark dose (38 mg/kg-d). Incorporation of 10-fold interspecies and intraspecies (for the increased susceptibility of infants) uncertainty factors and a threefold database uncertainty factor (for the lack of immunological, neurological and reproduction toxicity data) yields an oral RfD of 0.13 mg/kg-d. Assuming the 70-kg adult consumes 2 L of drinking water daily, a total allowable concentration of 0.9 mg/L (900 microg/L) was calculated for melamine in drinking water.