cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A joint-modeling approach to assess the impact of biomarker variability on the risk of developing clinical outcome

In some clinical trials and epidemiologic studies, investigators are interested in knowing whether the variability of a biomarker is independently predictive of clinical outcomes. This question is often addressed via a naive approach where a sample-based estimate (e.g., standard deviation) is calculated as a surrogate for the “true” variability and then used in regression models as a covariate assumed to be free of measurement error. However, it is well known that the measurement error in covariates causes underestimation of the true association. The issue of underestimation can be substantial when the precision is low because of limited number of measures per subject. The joint analysis of survival data and longitudinal data enables one to account for the measurement error in longitudinal data and has received substantial attention in recent years. In this paper we propose a joint model to assess the predictive effect of biomarker variability. The joint model consists of two linked sub-models, a linear mixed model with patient-specific variance for longitudinal data and a full parametric Weibull distribution for survival data, and the association between two models is induced by a latent Gaussian process. Parameters in the joint model are estimated under Bayesian framework and implemented using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods with WinBUGS software. The method is illustrated in the Ocular Hypertension Treatment Study to assess whether the variability of intraocular pressure is an independent risk of primary open-angle glaucoma. The performance of the method is also assessed by simulation studies.
Purification and Properties of a Palmityl Thioesterase II from Escherichia coli

Abstract A palmityl thioesterase II which is insensitive to inhibition by diisopropyl fluorophosphate has been purified 20-fold from extracts of Escherichia coli. This enzyme exhibits properties which distinguish it from the more substratespecific diisopropyl fluorophosphate-sensitive palmityl thioesterase I known also to be present in E. coli. The present palmityl thioesterase II has a general specificity for long chain fatty acyl thioesters of coenzyme A or acyl carrier protein. The enzyme will catalyze the hydrolysis of saturated, unsaturated, or β-hydroxy fatty acyl coenzyme A thioesters. Palmityl, palmitoleyl, and d(-)-β-hydroxymyristyl derivatives are the preferred substrates in each respective series of homologues and Vmax values are 0.53, 0.49, and 0.20 µmole per min per mg, respectively, for each CoA thioester.
Pressure Distribution and Vortex Structures in a Rigid Model of a Human Larynx

In spite of several recent studies, a firm understanding about aerodynamic effects associated with presence of false vocal fold in the larynx is lacking. Of interest is the pressure distribution and formation of laryngeal vortex inceptions. In order to find pressure distribution, two synthetic life-size rigid larynxes were mounted in a wind tunnel and pressure distribution was evaluated at five pressure taps on the surface of each larynx. The formation of laryngeal vortex inceptions was also investigated by performing a twodimensional numerical simulation. In this way, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a sharp-interface technique on a fixed Cartesian grid. The results revealed a complex flow pattern including formation of two vortex structures and possibility of asymmetric glottal jet flow.
Effect of Host Instar on Measuring Parasitism of Lygus spp. (Hemiptera: Miridae) Nymphs by Peristenus spp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

The accurate measurement of insect mortality by parasites is critical in biological control research, both in baseline studies to determine the absence or inadequacy of native parasites and in subsequent efforts to measure the effectiveness of introduced endoparasitic species. Although rearing has been most frequently used to measure parasitism, dissection has been shown to be more accurate in several cases. Selection of the host instar, whether for rearing or dissection, was also found to be important in this study. In two species [Lygus lineolaris (Palisot) and L. hesperus Knight], parasitism by Peristenus digoneutis Loan and P. howardi Shaw, respectively, was highest in instars 3 and 4. Parasitism was underestimated in instars 1 and 2 (because of reduced exposure time) and in instar 5 (because of parasites killing the hosts in instar 4).
Lymphocyte Stimulation by a Mammary Carcinoma Associated Glycoprotein

A glycoprotein was isolated from 3M KC1 extracts of mammary carcinoma. Addition of an optimal amount of the carcinoma associated glycoprotein induces proliferation of both peripheral blood lymphocytes from normal donors and from patients with mammary carcinoma. RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase levels were found to be markedly increased in glycoprotein-untreated lymphocytes from patients with mammary carcinoma and in glycoprotein-treated lymphocytes of both normal donors and tumor-bearing patients. A factor (“Blocking Factor”) was eluted at pH 3.1 from the cell membrane of the mammary carcinoma cells. Addition of an optimal amount of this factor inhibits the glycoprotein induced stimulation of the RNA-dependent DNA-polymerase activity in glycoprotein-treated lymphocytes of both normal donors and tumor-bearing patients.
The Role of Positive Affect and Individual Differences in Intuition in the Accuracy of Pattern Recognition

Two studies examined the interaction of individual differences in intuitive processing style and induced positive affect in implicit pattern recognition in undergraduates. In Study 1 (N = 187), induced mood and intuition interacted to predict accuracy in pattern recognition using an implicit learning paradigm. Participants high in intuition in a positive mood were the most accurate. In Study 2 (N = 90), induced mood interacted with intuition to predict accurate reports of stimulus-reward contingencies in an operant conditioning paradigm. Intuition predicted accuracy in judgments of reward contingencies in the positive mood condition. This research suggests that individual differences in faith in intuition predict accurate implicit pattern recognition in the presence of positive affect.
Trail Pheromones: Responses of the Texas Leafcutting Ant, Atta texana to Select Halo- and Cyanopyrrole-2-Aldehydes, Ketones, and Esters

Several halo- and cyanopyrroles related to the trail pheromone of Atta texana (Buckley), were prepared and tested by a faster and more sensitive bioassay than was previously available. Responsiveness of the ants in descending order to these compounds, based on the substituent in the number two position, is: esters, methyl ketones, aldehydes. Slight activity was observed when the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring was alkylated.
Nuclear Resonance Absorption and Nuclear Zeeman Effect in Fe 57

Nuclear resonance absorption in Fe/sup 57/ was measured at an angle theta = 30 deg as a function of temperature. Zeeman splitting was observed in the resonance absorption curve not corrected for absorber thickness or finite velcoity resolution and is considered due to the interaction of the magnetic moment mu * of the excited state with the magnetic field H at the nucleus. The magnetic moment of the excited state was estimated to be mu * = 0.50 mu /sub n/. The measured width of the central line, 2 GAMMA = 3.4 x 10/sup -6/ ev, was larger than the predicted value. (C.J.G.)
SUSPENDED SEDIMENT AND LONGSHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT DATA REVIEW

A review of laboratory and field studies on suspended sediment under waves shows that although about five analytical or semi-empirical approaches have been attempted to predict the vertical distribution of suspended sediment, none of the approaches has had its general validity proven. This is mainly due to the lack of knowledge about the characteristics of turbulence of the wave boundary layer and to the lack of a suitable suspended sediment measuring technique for use in waves. Six different suspended sediment measuring techniques have been used in the studies previewed. Although none of them gives completely reliable laboratory or field measurements, an optical system appears to show promise in obtaining information on the mechanics of suspension under waves. The reanalysis of longshore sediment transport data and tests of the relationships Q = A..E , Q = A,,E , and I = A„E , where Q is volume transport rate in cubic yards per day, E is longshore component of wave energy flux in lbs per day per foot of beach and I is immersed weight transport rate in lbs per day, for different subsets of data and using the method of least squares, showed that a single set of A-, A„ and B does not fit all subsets of data with minimum average percentage deviation of observed values from those predictable by the relationships. The subset of data consisting of all but the observations with light weight sediments can be described by the line of fit, Q =1.93 X 10-4E , with the observed data differing from the predicted ones by 74 percent on the average.
Karyotype and Sperm of the Red Palm Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

The red palm weevil, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, a serious pest of the coconut palm, Cocos nucifera L., in India and other coconut-producing countries, has a chromosomal formula of 10 A + Xy p . The karyotype of the red palm weevil consists of 22 metacentric chromosomes. Spermiogenesis was found in last-stage larvae, 2-week-old adults, and 4-week-old adults. The sperm of the red palm weevil are described.
Incidence of Papillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) and Other Scarab Larvae in Nursery Fields

Arborvitae ( Deja occidentals ‘Pyramidal’), Colorado blue spruce ( Peace pungent ), taxes ( Taxus x media ‘Densiformis’), and dwarf burning bush ( Eponymous Alta ‘Compacts’) nursery fields in Ohio and Michigan were sampled for Japanese beetle, papilla japonica Newman, adults and larvae. Nursery fields in counties with the highest adult catches were the most likely to have larvae in the field. Nursery fields where <5,000 beetles per trap were caught during 4 wk of peak activity were unlikely to be infested with larvae (5 larvae in 3,120 cup-cutter samples). Larvae were 4-fold more abundant in grassy areas bordering fields than in nursery fields. Weedy nursery fields supported 10-fold more larvae than clean fields. European chafer, Rhizotrogus majalis (Razoumowsky); Phyllophaga sp.; and Strigoderma arboricola (Fabe.) were also found in nursery fields. S. arboricola larvae could be mistaken for Japanese beetle because they have a similar astral pattern. The labium should be examined to confirm identification of these 2 species. Nurseries located in areas where Japanese beetles are active should keep fields as free of weeds as possible to minimize the risk of shipping larvae in the root system of nursery plants to states where Japanese beetle is not yet established.
Health Policy: Timely and Interdisciplinary

As professional psychology becomes increasingly involved in providing healthcare services beyond traditional mental healthcare, the enactment of President Obama’s Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act provides a unique opportunity to shape the nation’s rapidly evolving healthcare environment. The study of health policy should be incorporated into accreditation requirements for graduate psychology training, using the experience of nursing as an informative model. It is also critical to foster interdisciplinary team-based skills throughout clinical and research training. It is important that our next generation appreciate the unique language, culture, and history of the public policy process, as well as that of other disciplines. Engagement in public policy will ultimately improve patient care and expand psychology’s role in promoting and serving the healthcare of the nation.
Using the Delphi Technique to Identify Key Elements for Effective and Sustainable Visitor Use Planning Frameworks

Protected areas around the world receive nearly 800 billion visits/year, with international tourism continuing to increase. While protected areas provide necessary benefits to communities and visit...
Clinical significance of serum CK-MB and cardiac troponinIin febrile convulsion children

Objective To explore the clinical detecting significance of the changes of CK-MB and cardiac troponin I(cTnI) levels on serum in children with febrile convulsion.Methods From Jan,246 children who were diagnosed with febrile convulsion were chosen as two experimental group according to the duration of seizure.ELISA detecting method was applied to detect CK-MB and cTnI.Results CK-MB and cTnI level of febrile convulsion had some degree change,there were significant difference associated with time of febrile convulsion.Conclusion It is indicated that febrile convulsion may be due to heart damage in children,especially,time of febrile convulsion longer.
Occupational hazard survey in a shoe-making enterprise in Baodi District of Tianjin City

[Objective]To understand the current situation of occupational hazards in a shoe-making enterprise in Baodi District of Tianjin City.[Methods]Occupational hazard survey and occupational health checks were based on the corresponding national technical specifications and standards.[Results]The short-term exposure concentrations of air benzene at operating position were not in line with the requirements of the occupational exposure limits,the unqualified rate was 100%.The abnormal rate of occupational health examination was relatively high.[Conclusion]Severe occupational hazards exist in bonding process of this enterprise.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision over enterprises and to ensure the health of laborers.
Oncocytoma in a Horseshoe Kidney

AbstractRenal oncocytoma is an unusual tumor that has been identified with increasing frequency during the last decade, and more than 150 cases have been reported in the literature, including multifocal and bilateral tumors. We report a case of oncocytoma in a horseshoe kidney. Oncocytoma and tumors in horseshoe kidneys are discussed.
Massacres North and South

From almost the first conflicts in North America, colonists resorted to destroying Indian crops and villages as the surest way to defeat Indians. Hundreds of Pequots died when the Puritans burned their village on the Mystic River in Connecticut in 1637; French expeditions into Mohawk country in the 1660s targeted Mohawk villages for destruction, and British troops carried fire and sword to Cherokee towns in 1760. During the American Revolution, patriot troops launched recurrent assaults on Cherokee and Shawnee villages, and General John Sullivan’s expedition in 1779 rampaged through Iroquois country burning crops, cutting down orchards, and burning forty towns.
Troubleshooting Nuclear Medicine Instrumentation Problems

Etude des problemes, de leurs causes et de leurs solutions, des equipements diagnostiques suivants: camera a scintillation, detecteur a scintillation, et systemes informatiques
Primary Hyperparathyroidism and the Kidney

The kidney occupies a unique position in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). It is largely responsible for setting the concentration of calcium and phosphate in extracellular fluid and determining active transport of dietary calcium and phosphate. It does so by virtue of the action of PTH on the renal tubule to regulate reabsorption of calcium and phosphate, and to control the secretion rate of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Measurement of calcium and phosphate processing by the kidney is essential for diagnosis and management of PHPT. Hypercalcemia with hyperparathyroidemia is the diagnostic biochemical feature of PHPT. Drugs acting on the kidney and chronic renal failure modify the serum biochemical and tissue manifestations of the disease. The kidney is one of the few organs that unequivocally manifest primary hyperparathyroid disease clinically. Abnormalities in urinary and pre-urinary risk factors in PHPT increase the risk of recurrent renal stone formation and nephrocalcinosis.
Finding areas of motion in camera trap images

Camera trapping is used by conservation biologists to study snow leopards. In this research, we introduce techniques that find motion in camera trap images. Images are grouped into sets and a common background image is computed for each set. The background and superpixel-based features are then used to segment each image into objects that correspond to motion. The proposed methods are robust to changes in illumination due to time of day or the presence of camera flash.
Dynamic Resolution of Photocurrent Generating Pathways by Field-Dependent Ultrafast Microscopy

Combining E-field-dependent ultrafast photocurrent and transient absorption microscopy, we develop a novel measurement to extract the rates determining photocurrent efficiency. For WSe2, both techniques yield the same dissociation rate dependence.
Vascular calcification in CKD-MBD: Roles for phosphate, FGF23, and Klotho

Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in aging, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). VC is a strong predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the CKD population. Complex pathological mechanisms are involved in the development of VC, including osteochondrogenic differentiation and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells, instability and release of extracellular vesicles loaded calcium and phosphate, and elastin degradation. Elevated serum phosphate is a late manifestation of CKD, and has been shown to accelerate mineral deposition in both the vessel wall and heart valves. α-Klotho and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are emerging factors in CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) and are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of uremic VC. There are discordant reports regarding the biomedical effects of FGF23 on VC. In contrast, mounting evidence supports a well-supported protective role for α-Klotho on VC. Further studies are warranted to elucidate potential roles of FGF23 and α-Klotho in VC and to determine where and how they are synthesized in normal and disease conditions. A thorough systemic evaluation of the biomedical interplay of phosphate, FGF23, and α-Klotho may potentially lead to new therapeutic options for patients with CKD-MBD.
On designing of an intro to web development course for non-majors with modern frameworks and tools

Mobile web development is one of the fast growing fields in IT. New and powerful front-end development technologies and tools are available to help users with limited experience build mobile-friendly responsive websites. However, these recent technologies, such as responsive web design frameworks, are rarely covered in intro-level web development courses, especially to students with no programming background. We present our experience in the redesign of an introduction course to web front-end development that integrates the recently released W3.CSS responsive framework and other development tools commonly used in industry. The previous HTML + CSS structure of the course is replaced by HTML + CSS + W3.CSS Framework along with the usage of various tools. The goal is to help students gain experience with modern web development, boost their confidence in mastering new technologies and develop transferable skills in problem solving. The initial evaluation shows very positive response from non-major students.
Examining Consumers' Multiplatform Usage And Its Contribution to Their Trust in Advertising: The Impact of the Device on Platform-Use Frequency And Trust in Advertising across Platforms

ABSTRACT Advertising is evolving rapidly as digital and mobile technologies continue to develop. These platforms offer consumers unique experiences and a diverse selection of content. With so many platforms at consumers9 disposal, advertisers struggle to track the usage of each platform and the response to advertising on it. Marketers aim to reach, resonate with, and evoke a reaction from the right audience at the right time, which increases the importance of multiplatform metrics. In two studies, this research examined usage and response metrics across platforms. Use frequency varied across platforms and contributed to consumers9 trust in advertising. Age also played a meaningful role. The authors offer further theoretical explanations and managerial implications.
Precariousness and the queer politics of imagination in China

ABSTRACTInstead of pursuing reformist LGBT politics, queer activism in China today should embrace imaginative utopianism because it offers the most expansive political method that allows for fully flourishing lives while also addressing the affective needs of the lala (queer women) community. In the neoliberal context of China’s metropolises, female same-sex relationships are socially unrecognised and ungrievable, and romantic love between lalas is deprived of the structural support of kinship, resulting in a state of futurelessness. A sense of precariousness pervades throughout lala culture, as lalas float in a temporal limbo, longing for anchorage.The pragmatist politics espoused by mainstream LGBT organisations in China does not fully address the problem, as it clings onto normative ideals of a good life. A queer politics of imagination, on the other hand, responds to the affective experience of precariousness with the embrace of futurity. Utopian politics defies the power of the limited present and en...
AL Cardiac Amyloidosis: Classification, Diagnosis, and Treatment

Cardiac amyloidosis is a restrictive cardiomyopathy characterized by extracellular deposition of protein fragments known as amyloid. The natural history of the disease, involvement of other organs, and treatment options vary significantly based on the protein of origin. In AL amyloidosis, amyloid protein is derived from immunoglobulin light chain, and most often involves the kidneys and the heart. Cardiac involvement is associated with symptoms of heart failure and dictates the clinical course of the disease. Cardiac amyloidosis can be diagnosed noninvasively by echocardiography and cardiac MRI, in the presence of a plasma cell dyscrasia and an extracardiac biopsy demonstrating amyloid. In the case of equivocal imaging findings or discordant data, endomyocardial biopsy may be used for diagnosing cardiac amyloid and for determining the protein of origin. Treatment is aimed at relieving congestive symptoms and targeting the underlying plasma cell dyscrasia. Modern chemotherapy regimens and autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) have resulted in durable hematologic response and prolonged survival, but patients with significant cardiac amyloidosis are often not candidates for ASCT. In some cases, orthotopic heart transplantation followed by ASCT is an effective treatment option, although few patients may be eligible for this course of treatment. While AL amyloidosis remains a disease with significant morbidity and mortality, newer treatment options including anti-light chain antibodies and RNA silencing drugs hold great promise.
Moment-by-Moment in Women's Recovery: Randomized controlled trial protocol to test the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention on treatment retention and relapse prevention among women in residential treatment for substance use disorder

Although therapeutic treatments exist for substance use disorder (SUD), about half of individuals who enter treatment leave early and relapse to substance use. Early dropout from residential treatment places individuals at risk of relapse, and women in SUD residential treatment represent a vulnerable population. Evidence gaps persist for the use of mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) among racially and ethnically diverse women with SUDs, especially regarding the efficacy of MBIs adapted to prevent residential dropout and relapse. We previously developed and pilot tested an MBI, Moment-by-Moment in Women's Recovery (MMWR), adapted to support women with SUD during residential treatment. The 12-session MMWR program tested in the present study integrates relapse prevention, addresses literacy level and trauma experiences and mental health problems, and is relevant to issues surrounding treatment- and relapse-related stressors among women. The primary objective of the current Phase II randomized controlled trial is to adequately test the efficacy of MMWR on residential treatment retention and substance use relapse and determine psychosocial and neural mechanisms of action underlying MMWR. Participants are women in residential SUD treatment from a community-based residential site that serves mainly women who are low-income and racially and ethnically diverse. A subgroup of participants from each treatment group also completes functional and structural neuroimaging assessments before and after the intervention to explore possible structural and functional brain correlates of change associated with participation in the MMWR program. Findings are expected to inform the utility of adapting MBIs to improve treatment success among vulnerable women in SUD residential treatment.
Use of a self-reported psychosocial distress screening tool as a predictor of need for psychosocial intervention in a general medical setting

This study describes the development of a self-reported psychosocial distress screening tool for a general medical population and criteria to predict the need for psychosocial intervention. The objectives were to develop criteria to determine which patients need in-person screening and establish criteria identifying patients who are more likely to require psychosocial interventions. The outcomes have bearing on reducing initial psychosocial screening workload for medical social workers in high volume medical settings. Furthermore, a criterion for scoring the self-reported tool can predict which patients will need further social work intervention. The results suggest criteria are a score on the adapted Distress Thermometer of five or greater, at least two negative emotions, and a lack of health insurance. The optimal criterion identified 36% (446/1228) of patients in need of in-person screening with the remaining 64% (782/1228) screened low risk through the tool, representing a significant workload reduction.
Choosing College in the 2000s: An Updated Analysis Using the Conditional Logistic Choice Model

In this paper I investigate the college enrollment decisions of a nationally representative cohort of students who first attended in the mid-2000s. I find that while cost, distance, and match continued to be important in the choice between colleges, characteristics of the most-likely college choice appear less important in the choice of whether to enroll at all when controlling for student characteristics and local labor market conditions. Subpopulation analyses on students with high SAT scores and students with low family income, two groups that remain the focus of many financial aid policies, indicate some differences in the way these particular students chose college. Extending prior work by modeling discrete steps in the enrollment decision process—application and enrollment conditional on application—I find choice characteristics were most significant in the application stage. These results support other research that shows students may self-select out of potentially better college matches due to lack of information about actual costs or limited geographic opportunity.
Quantitative Evaluation of the Haines Index’s Ability to Predict Fire Growth Events

The Haines Index is intended to provide information on how midtropospheric conditions could lead to large or erratic wildfires. Only a few studies have evaluated its performance and those are primarily single fire studies. This study looks at 47 fires that burned in the United States from 2004 to 2017, with sizes from 9000 ha up to 218,000 ha based on daily fire management reports. Using the 0-h analysis of the North American Model (NAM) 12 km grid, it examines the performance of the start-day Haines Index, as Haines (1988) originally discussed. It then examines performance of daily Haines Index values as an indicator of daily fire growth, using contingency tables and four statistical measures: true positive ratio, miss ratio, Peirce skill score, and bias. In addition to the original Haines Index, the index’s individual stability and moisture components are examined. The use of a positive trend in the index is often cited by operational forecasters, so the study also looks at how positive trend, or positive trend leading to an index of 6, perform. The Continuous Haines Index, a related measure, is also examined. Results show a positive relationship between start day index and peak fire daily growth or number of large growth events, but not final size or duration. The daily evaluation showed that, for a range of specified growth thresholds defining a growth event, the Continuous Haines Index scores were more favorable than the original Haines Index scores, and the latter were more favorable than the use of index trends. The maximum Peirce skill score obtained for these data was 0.22, when a Continuous Haines Index of 8.7 or more was used to indicate a growth event, 1000 ha/day or more would occur.
Environmental and management factors associated with bacterial diseases of onion in Pennsylvania

Bacterial diseases of onion may result in over 60% yield loss in crops grown in the Mid-Atlantic region, even when managed with recommended chemical and cultural practices. To identify environmenta...
Fetal assessment in buprenorphine‐maintained women using fetal magnetoencephalography: a pilot study

Background and aims In-utero exposure to opioids including buprenorphine (BUP) has been shown to affect fetal activity, specifically heart-rate variability (FHRV) and fetal movement (FM). Our objective was to extract simultaneous recordings of fetal cardiac and brain-related activity in BUP-maintained and non-opioid exposed pregnant women using a novel non-invasive biomagnetic technique. Design A pilot study was conducted, recording and analyzing biomagnetic data from fetuses of BUP-maintained and non-opioid exposed pregnant women. Signals were acquired with the non-invasive 151-channel SARA (SQUID-Array for Reproductive Assessment) system. Advanced signal-processing techniques were applied to extract fetal heart and brain activity. Setting University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA). Participants Eight BUP-maintained pregnant women from UAMS Women's Mental Health Program between gestational ages (GA) of 29-37 weeks who were treated with 8-24 mg of BUP daily. Sixteen pregnant women with no known opioid exposure in the same GA range were also included. Measurements Outcome measures from the fetal heart and brain signals included: heart rate (FHR), FM, FHR accelerations, FHR-FM coupling, FHRV, fetal behavioral states (FBS) and power spectral density (PSD) of spontaneous brain activity. These measures were analyzed at three GA intervals. Findings Fetal heart and brain activity parameters were extracted and quantified successfully from 18 non-opioid and 16 BUP recordings. Overall analysis in both groups show that: FHR and FM ranged from 131 to 141 beats per minute (b.p.m.) and 5 to 11 counts, respectively. In the 35-37 weeks GA, the coupling duration (~9 s) was the shortest, while three of the FHRV parameters were the highest. The PSD of brain activity revealed highest power in 0.5-4 Hz bandwidth. Transitions in FBS from quiet to active sleep were > 50% of sessions. Conclusions This pilot study showed that a novel biomagnetic technique allows simultaneous quantification of cardiac and brain activities of a group of buprenorphine-exposed and non-exposed fetuses in the third trimester.
Oral History as a Social Justice Project: Issues for the Qualitative Researcher

I am writing this to assist researchers in training and experienced researchers in understanding ways to view oral history as a social justice project. This paper will illuminate the importance of oral history in terms of enriching the knowledge base of qualitative research methods as well. Oral history provides us with an avenue of thick description, analysis, and interpretation of people’s lives through probing the past in order to understand the present .The postmodern appreciation of the study of people and their stories, those stories from persons generally on the outside or periphery of society, offer a unique opportunity to view and conduct oral history as a social justice project. Key Words: Oral history, Social Justice, and Qualitative Research
Biochemical and Molecular Characteristics of β-Adrenergic Receptor Binding Sites

The availability of radiolabeled hormones, drugs and analogs which retain their characteristic biological activity and selectivity has provided a valuable tool for the study of the interaction of these agents with their target cell receptors. Despite the major advances in the investigation of receptors for polypeptide (14, 37) and steroid hormones (13) and nicotinic cholinergic drugs (11) using these techniques, the confident identification of the β-adrenergic receptors for catecholamines has remained until recently an elusive goal. Initial studies employed tritium labeled β-adrenergic agonists to identify binding sites in membrane fractions containing catecholamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase. However, some of the characteristics of binding observed with these agents diverged from which might be expected of the physiological β-adrenergic receptor (3, 17, 18). Perhaps the difficulties in these studies can be attributed to: 1) the multiple potential binding sites in addition to the adenylate cyclase coupled β-adrenergic receptor for labeled native catecholamines, 2) the relatively low affinity for cata-cholamines in in vitro membrane preparations (KD ≅ 10−6M), 3) the unimpressive specific radioactivity of available tritiated ligands (≅ 1 Ci/mmol), or 4) the absence of tissue preparations which provided a high concentration of β-adrenergic receptors relative to other constituents. Even in the case of the high affinity β-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, which would not likely interact with degradative enzymes and uptake mechanisms directed at catecholamines, binding characteristics indicated that this ligand binds disproportionately to non β-adrenergic receptor sites (40), possibly those responsible for the so-called “anaesthetic” properties of this drug.
Radiologic versus Endoscopic Placement of Gastrostomy Tube: Comparison of Indications and Outcomes at a Tertiary Referral Center.

Objectives Percutaneous gastrostomy tube placement is performed in patients requiring long-term enteral nutrition. Although both endoscopic and fluoroscopic techniques may be used, there are inherent risks and potential complications associated with both procedures that are not generally known to referring physicians. The purpose of this study was to compare and contrast indications for placement and procedurally related complications between fluoroscopic and endoscopic gastrostomy tubes techniques at a tertiary care facility. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed. All consecutive patients with either percutaneous endoscopic (PEG) or percutaneous radiologic (PRG) gastrostomy tube placement between October 2011 and January 2013 were eligible for inclusion. Basic demographic information, American Society of Anesthesiologists score, procedure indication, laboratory data, and use of anticoagulation were recorded. Both direct and indirect procedural complications were documented if they occurred 30 days after gastrostomy tube placement, and were classified and scored based on severity and need for further intervention. Results A total of 297 patients met the inclusion criteria, 150 of whom had gastrostomy tubes placed fluoroscopically and 147 of whom had them placed endoscopically. There was no statistically significant difference in direct complications within the first 30 days (PEG 6.8% vs PRG 8%); however, the type of complication observed varied between the two groups. Although superficial wound infections and buried bumpers were more common in the PEG group, bleeding was more common in the PRG group. Conclusions Placement of gastrostomy tubes either endoscopically or fluoroscopically is relatively safe with similar indications. Although the complication rate between the two groups was not significant, the types of procedural complications observed did vary.
Dichoptic vision in the absence of attention: neither fusion nor rivalry

When the two eyes’ processing streams meet in visual cortex, two things can happen: sufficiently similar monocular inputs are combined into a fused representation, whereas markedly different inputs engage in rivalry. Interestingly, the emergence of rivalry appears to require attention. Withdrawing attention causes the alternating monocular dominance that characterizes rivalry to cease, apparently allowing both monocular signals to be processed simultaneously. What happens to these signals in this case, however, remains something of a mystery; are they fused into an integrated representation? In a set of experiments, we show this not to be the case: visual aftereffects are consistent with the simultaneous yet separate presence of two segregated monocular representations, rather than a joint representation. These results provide evidence that dichoptic vision without attention prompts a third and previously unknown mode, where both eyes’ inputs receive equal processing, but escape interocular fusion.
Biases in Genetic Association of Coronary Heart Disease Events May Be Less Likely Than Suspected: Here Is When to Check for Them.

Investigating lethal diseases like coronary heart disease (CHD) and major adverse events like myocardial infarction (MI) and death can sometimes seem a bit macabre. We are interested in understanding the events with the hope of preventing them; yet, to demonstrate effects, it is essential for a high rate of such unfortunate events to occur and to be observed. Fortunately, the increasing availability of big [event] data supports an unprecedented ability and power to explore genetic influences on primary and subsequent CHD events. Tempering the enthusiasm around this opportunity is the concern for biases that threaten the internal and external validity of such investigations. See Article by Hu and Schmidt et al In particular, selection and survival biases are of concern to the context of CHD events. When subjects are nonrandomly selected or tend to be systematically included based on the presence of a related risk profile, diagnosis, or event, this is deemed selection bias (also known as index event bias). Survival bias occurs when sampling is dependent on an individual’s likelihood of surviving an event in the first place, or when attrition or study closure prevents complete observation of time to censoring. These types of bias can systematically distort variance and lead to spurious outcomes. Selection bias has been a well-acknowledged concern in genetic association.1 …
Drug recrystallization in drug-in-adhesive transdermal delivery system: A case study of deteriorating the mechanical and rheological characteristics of testosterone TDS.

Abstract This study investigated the effects of drug recrystallization on the in vitro performance of testosterone drug-in-adhesive transdermal delivery system (TDS). Six formulations were prepared with a range of dry drug loading in the adhesive matrix from 1% to 10% w/w with the aim of generating TDS with various levels of drug crystals. We visually quantified the amount of crystals in TDS by polarized light microscopy. The effect of drug recrystallization on adhesion, tackiness, cohesive strength, viscoelasticity, drug release, and drug permeation through human cadaver skin were evaluated for these TDS samples. The Optical images showed no crystals in 1% and 2% testosterone TDSs; however, the amount of crystals increased by increasing testosterone loading from 4 to 10%. A proportional and significant decrease (p 0.05) to affect the drug release and permeation. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the extent of drug recrystallization can be quantitatively correlated with the deterioration of performance characteristics of TDS products.
Juridical Justification of Private Rights

Private law theory is on the rise in the United States. A wave of theoreticians, myself included, have been developing “internal,” interpretive theoretical perspectives on various facets of private law under the banner of the New Private Law (NPL). There is, refreshingly, no orthodoxy in the NPL. But heterodoxy comes with a downside: the NPL is characterized by a conflux of methodologies the mutual compatibility of which have yet to be analyzed. For example, NPL theorists have yet to debate what it means to interpret private law from an internal point of view, and why it might be necessary or important to engage in interpretation in this way. In this chapter, I frame and instigate debate over these and similar issues. I do so by explaining the sense in which interpretive private law theory may be concerned with elucidation of the juridical justification of private rights, as reflected in juridical reasons for those rights. To some extent, this is a matter of elaborating and refining a methodology that informs my own work. But it also, I think, offers one way in which to focus and defend methodological proclivities that have come to characterize the New Private Law.
Lives of significance (and purpose and coherence): subclinical narcissism, meaning in life, and subjective well-being.

Abstract Three studies addressed two research questions. First, does accounting for meaning in life (MIL) wipe out the association between narcissism and other aspects of well-being? Second, among the three facets of MIL (significance, purpose, and coherence), does significance explain the association between narcissism and MIL? All studies measured narcissism and MIL. Study 1 was a re-analysis of cross-sectional data, including measures of subjective well-being (SWB) and self-deceptive enhancement (N = 415; Womick et al., 2019). Study 2, N = 300, measured the facets of MIL in a sample of adults. Study 3, N = 295, included MIL facets and self-esteem in a sample of students. In Studies 1 and 3, MIL fully mediated the relationship between narcissism and SWB. SWB did not fully mediate the association between narcissism and MIL. Studies 2 and 3 showed that all MIL facets accounted for the association between narcissism and MIL. Self-esteem partially mediated the association between narcissism and MIL, but self-esteem and MIL, both, independently wiped out the link between narcissism and SWB. Narcissism contributes to SWB through MIL, and the paths from narcissism to SWB through MIL and self-esteem are independent. Implications are discussed.
Medical student education for injury prevention: closing the gap

Introduction Injury is a major public health issue in the USA. In 2017, unintentional injury was the leading cause of death for ages 1 through 44. Unfortunately, there is evidence that the sciences of injury prevention and control may not fully and widely integrated into medical school curriculum. This paper describes a novel injury prevention and control summer programme that was implemented in 2002 and is ongoing. Methods The main component of the Series includes at least seven injury-related lectures and discussions designed to provoke students’ interest and understanding of injury as a biopsychosocial disease. These lectures are organised in a seminar fashion and are 2–4 hours in duration. Kirkpatrick’s four-part model guides evaluation specific to our four programme objectives. Trainee satisfaction with the programme, knowledge and outcome (specific to career goals) is evaluated using several mixed-methods tools. Results A total of 318 students have participated in the Series. Evaluation findings show an increase in knowledge of injury-related concepts as well as an increase in interest in pursuing injury-related research topics in the future. Implications The Series is a novel and innovative programme that provides training in injury and injury prevention and control-related topics to medical students, as well as undergraduate, graduate and pharmacy students. We hope that by increasing students’ knowledge and understanding of injury prevention and control we are contributing to a physician workforce that understands the importance of a public health approach to injury prevention, that implements public health principles in practice and that advocates for policies and practices that positively impact injury prevention and control to help make our communities healthier and safer.
Discovering in-network Caching Policies in NDN Networks from a Measurement Perspective

Caching is integral to Named Data Networking (NDN). Routers in NDN networks are encouraged to cache content and serve later requests from their caches. As NDN has evolved, researchers have realized that different caching schemes work better for different types of content and patterns of content requests. From a measurement perspective, this means that being able to determine the caching schemes in use within an NDN network can be essential to understanding the network's performance. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of detecting NDN caching schemes via active measurement (i.e., by sending requests into the network and measuring responses) from edge systems (e.g., by users). We show it is possible to determine what algorithms routers are using to decide what content to cache. Furthermore, for stochastic caching schemes with fixed caching probabilities, we show it is possible to infer the caching probability. Finally, while we do not seek to understand routers' cache replacement policies (which we leave to future work), we find that the methods for determining the caching algorithm are robust to cross traffic that may impact the content of a router's cache.
Leapfrog dynamics in phage-bacteria coevolution revealed by joint analysis of cross-infection phenotypes and whole genome sequencing

Viruses and their hosts can undergo coevolutionary arms races where hosts evolve increased resistance and viruses evolve counter-resistance. Given these arms race dynamics (ARD), each species is predicted to evolve along a single trajectory as more recently evolved genotypes replace their predecessors. Here, by coupling phenotypic and genomic analyses of coevolving populations of bacteriophage λ and Escherichia coli, we find conflicting evidence for ARD. Virus-host infection phenotypes fit the ARD model, yet whole genome analyses did not. Rather than coevolution unfolding along a single trajectory, cryptic genetic variation emerges during initial virus-host coevolution. This variation is maintained across generations and eventually supplants dominant lineages. Our observations constitute a new type of 9leapfrog9 coevolutionary dynamics (LFD), revealing weaknesses in the predictive power of standard coevolutionary models. The findings shed light on the mechanisms that structure coevolving ecological networks and reveal the limits of using phenotypic assays alone in characterizing coevolutionary dynamics.