cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of temperature-dependent AC dielectric loss data

The analysis of dielectric loss data is frequently complicated by the presence of ohmic conductivity, especially at lower frequencies. Two simple methods are discussed for locating transition temperatures and for determining activation energies in such cases. In the first method the permittivity derivative [de′(T)/dT] is used; in the second, permittivity difference spectra e′(T, v1) – e′(T, v2) (v1 ≪ v2 are used. The latter technique, however, cannot be used for activation energy determination. The theoretical basis of these methodologies and an analysis of representative experimental data are presented. The data set include measurements of pure and filled polyurethanes and of radiation-cured unsaturated polyester resins. Finally, the advantages of data presentation in the form of e′ and e″ instead of tan δ are discussed.
Concurrent viewing of multiple attribute-specific subspaces

In this work we present a point classification algorithm for multi-variate data. Our method is based on the concept of attribute subspaces, which are derived from a set of user specified attribute target values. Our classification approach enables users to visually distinguish regions of saliency through concurrent viewing of these subspaces in single images. We also allow a user to threshold the data according to a specified distance from attribute target values. Based on the degree of thresholding, the remaining data points are assigned radii of influence that are used for the final coloring. This limits the view to only those points that are most relevant, while maintaining a similar visual context.
Hypersonic transport technology

The possibility of developing a hypersonic commercial transport (HST) for the early 21st century is explored in terms of potential performance characteristics and recent advances in propulsion and structures technology. Range-gross weight characteristics indicate that a 200 passenger, Mach 6 aircraft with a range of 9200 km (5000 n.mi.) would have a gross take-off weight not too different from that of current wide-body subsonic transports. The low cruise sonic boom overpressures generated by the HST opens the possibility of supersonic overland flight which, if permitted, would greatly increase the attractiveness of this type of aircraft. Recent advances in hypersonic propulsion systems and long-lived hypersonic aircraft structure are also discussed. The airframe-integrated scramjet and the actively-cooled airframe structure are identified as the most promising candidates for the HST and current approaches are described in some detail.
A Comparative Evaluation of High-Level Hardware Synthesis Using Reed–Solomon Decoder

Using the example of a Reed-Solomon decoder, we provide insights into what type of hardware structures are needed to be generated to achieve specific performance targets. Due to the presence of run-time dependencies, sometimes it is not clear how the C code can be restructured so that a synthesis tool can infer the desired hardware structure. Such hardware structures are easy to express in an HDL. We present an implementation in Bluespec, a high-level HDL, and show a 7.8× improvement in performance while using only 0.45× area of a C-based implementation.
A Residential Summer Camp for Children With Vertically Transmitted HIV/AIDS: A Six-Year Experience at The Hole In The Wall Gang Camp

Residential camping sessions for children with vertically transmitted human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome have been offered at The Hole In The Wall Gang Camp for the past six summers. More than 600 children 6 to 12 years of age have attended. Such sessions are expensive and require extensive planning. Medical and nursing needs have increased greatly over the 6-year period, reflecting advances in treatment and especially an escalation of prescribed medications. We have found it possible for these children to have a fun-filled camping experience and participate in a wide variety of activities.
μ-, δ- and κ-opioid receptor populations are differentially altered in distinct areas of postmortem brains of Alzheimer’s disease patients

The putative role of the opioid system in cognitive and memory functions prompted us to search for possible changes in the cohort of the major opioid receptors, mu, delta and kappa, in Alzheimer's disease. The present study examines alterations in opioid receptor levels by quantitative autoradiography. These experiments were carried out on coronal sections of postmortem brains from Alzheimer's disease patients and from aged-matched, dementia-free individuals. Brain sections were labeled with the tritiated forms of mu-, delta- and kappa-opioid ligands; DAMGO ([D-Ala(2),N-Me-Phe(4),Gly-ol(5)]-enkephalin), DPDPE ([D-Pen2,5]-enkephalin) and bremazocine (in the presence of mu- and delta-ligands), respectively. Nonspecific binding was determined in the presence of naloxone (10 microM). Brain areas analyzed were caudate, putamen, amygdaloid complex, hippocampal formation and various cerebral and cerebellar cortices. Image analyses of autoradiographs show, that in comparison to the same areas in control brain, statistically significant reductions in mu-opioid receptor binding occur in the subiculum and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease brains. Binding of delta-opioid receptors is also decreased in the amygdaloid complex and ventral putamen of Alzheimer's disease brains. In contrast, large increases of kappa-opioid receptor binding are found in the dorsal and ventral putamen as well as in the cerebellar cortex of Alzheimer's disease brains. Levels of mu- delta- and kappa-opioid receptor binding are unaltered in the caudate, parahippocampal gyrus and occipito-temporal gyrus. These results may suggest an involvement of the endogenous opioid system in some of the multitude of effects that accompany this dementia.
Socialist realism in the Australian literary context: With specific reference to the writing of Katharine Susannah Prichard

(1997). Socialist realism in the Australian literary context: With specific reference to the writing of Katharine Susannah Prichard. Journal of Australian Studies: Vol. 21, Battlers and stirrers, pp. 38-44.
Allogeneic Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Postinfarcted Rat Myocardium Short- and Long-Term Effects

Background— Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the potential to replace infarct scar, but the long-term effects are unknown. We studied short- and long-term effects of MSC transplantation on left ventricular (LV) function in a rat myocardial infarction model. Methods and Results— Saline (n=46) or MSCs labeled with 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′3′-testramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI; n=49, 2×106 cells each) were injected into the scar of a 1-week-old myocardial infarction in Fischer rats. The presence and differentiation of engrafted cells and their effect on LV ejection fraction was assessed. At 4 weeks, LV stroke volume was significantly greater in the MSC-treated group (145±9 μL) than in the saline group (122±3 μL, P=0.032), and LV ejection fraction was significantly greater in MSC-treated animals (43.8±1.0%) than in the saline group (38.8±1.1%, P=0.0027). However, at 6 months, these benefits of MSC treatment were lost. DiI-positive cells were observed in the MSC group at 2 weeks and at 3 and 6 month...
Stimulation of Mn peroxidase activity: a possible role for oxalate in lignin biodegradation.

Abstract Oxalate is produced by numerous wood-degrading fungi. Our studies here show that the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium produces extracellular oxalate under conditions that induce synthesis of the ligninolytic system. Little or no oxalate was detected in cultures grown under high nutrient nitrogen or carbon. This extracellular oxalate was identified and quantitated by HPLC. Its identity was further substantiated by its decomposition by the enzyme oxalate oxidase. The oxalate content of the extracellular fluid (peaking at 60 microM) paralleled the extracellular activity of the lignin-degrading enzyme, Mn peroxidase. Significantly, we demonstrated that oxalate, at physiological concentrations, substantially stimulated Mn peroxidase-catalyzed phenol red oxidation, presumably by its ability to chelate Mn. Stopped flow studies also indicate that oxalate accelerates the turnover of Mn peroxidase. Furthermore, we discovered that oxalate can support Mn peroxidase-catalyzed oxidations in the absence of exogenous H2O2 and in the presence of dioxygen. These results allow us to propose an important role for oxalate, a ubiquitous compound produced by wood-destroying fungi, in lignin biodegradation.
Single-Molecule, Motion-Based DNA Sequencing Using RNA Polymerase

We present a method for sequencing DNA that relies on the motion of single RNA polymerase molecules. When a given nucleotide species limits the rate of transcription, polymerase molecules pause at positions corresponding to the rare base. An ultrastable optical trapping apparatus capable of base pair resolution was used to monitor transcription under limiting amounts of each of the four nucleotide species. From the aligned patterns of pauses recorded from as few as four molecules, we determined the DNA sequence. This proof of principle demonstrates that the motion of a processive nucleic acid enzyme may be used to extract sequence information directly from DNA.
Giant-cell tumor of the mandible associated with hyperparathyroidism and osteitis fibrosa cystica generalisata.

Abstract 1. 1. The clinical, roentgenographic, and histologic oral findings for a case of primary hyperparathroidism are recorded. The outstanding observations and laboratory determinations are as follows: 1.1. (a) Clinically, a firm, smooth, tender swelling (brown tumor) could be palpated on the right side of the mandible unattributable to dental origin. The teeth in the region of tumefaction were markedly mobile. 1.2. (b) Roentgenographically, extensive osteoporosis of the right side of the mandible was apparent. The buccal and lingual cortices were expanded. The lamina dura was visible about several anterior teeth while within the osteo-porotic area it was undetectable. Considerable displacement of the teeth occurred due to the growth of the tumor, but without evidence of root resorption. 1.3. (c) Laboratory studies of the blood and urine revealed the characteristic biochemical syndrome of hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypercalciuria, and a rise in the alkaline phosphatase level. 1.4. (d) Histologically, there was a replacement of the original bone trabeculae of the right side of the mandible by a young connective tissue stroma. Numerous multinucleated giant cells were scattered throughout the fibrotic marrow cavity. 2. 2. Bones or areas of bones, such as the jaws which are continuously in a state of active bone growth as a result of stimulation by strong functional stresses and strains, seem most likely to be implicated in the disease. 3. 3. Early recognition of the condition is imperative if serious skeletal and renal complications are to be avoided. 4. 4. The impetuous and unnecessary removal of sound functional teeth can be averted in this disease, if the cooperation of an internist is sought in corroborating the diagnosis in patients with jaw involvement before oral surgical procedures are injudiciously undertaken.
Scattering model for X-ray bursts: massive black holes in globular clusters

A model for the X-ray bursts discovered from 3U 1820-30 (NGC 6624) is presented. The temporal and spectral variations observed in the bursts are interpreted as Compton scattering of a primary pulse in a hot cloud surrounding the X-ray source. The cloud parameters derived imply the presence of a collapsed core in the globular cluster source with a mass greater than several hundred solar masses.
Classification of the quality of surface waters by means of pattern recognition

Abstract Pattern recognition is shown to provide a means of classifying various types of surface waters on the basis of physicochemical data. Based on eleven relevant features, five different clusters were found in an evaluation of about 150 000 observations made over a period of 8 years. Discrimination between these clusters pertaining to water quality required seven chemical and two physical features only. Combination of a selection of these features into one eigenvector, dominated by total ionic nitrogen and ortho -phosphate, and a second eigenvector dominated by nitrate and ammonia with different signs. defines a projection plane in a five-dimensional feature space that accounts for 91% of the information content of the data matrix; 65% is attributed to total ionogenic nitrogen and phosphate and 26% is associated with the nitrogen redox balance.
The lower cretaceous ferns in the genus Anemia (Schizaeceae), Potomac group of Virginia, and relationships within the genus

Abstract Based on characters of the fertile fronds, two species of fossil ferns from the Lower Cretaceous Potomac Group of the U.S.A., originally described as species of Osmunda by Fontaine in 1889, are transferred to the genus Anemia. The two species display primitive characters for that genus. Analysis of these and other characters of Anemia and related species, using parsimony and compatibility programs, suggests possible phylogenetic arrangements and facilitates delimination of three taxonomic units within Anemia that were already distinct during Cretaceous time. The subgenera Coptophyllum and Anemia are shown to be paraphyletic in the suggested phylogenies and the schemes agree with the known stratigraphy of the fossil ferns.
PARSIMONY AND CHARACTER WEIGHTING

— The likelihood justification of parsimony proposed in Sober (1983, 1984a) is applied to some problems posed by character weighting. An argument is provided for thinking that the point frequency of a character is not a good descriptor for parsimonious reconstructions of phylogeny. The idea that a good character will be conservative or nonadaptive is also examined from a likelihood point of view.
The Past as Prologue in Life Extension

Aging research may significantly lengthen human life spans in the foreseeable future. This paper argues that we do not need to wait until this happens to prepare for the dislocations that may result. Increased longevity over the past century has already raised urgent, unresolved issues of equity, social cohesion, and human dignity. These developments, and our past experiences in dealing with them, provide a basis for revisiting the basic questions raised by all attempts to extend human life: what does life mean, and why is it worth extending?
Synthesis and Structure of Asymmetric Bis(sulfonamide) Based Copper(II) Complexes: Influence of Diastereomeric Interactions in the Solid State.

The new bis(sulfonamide) bis(pyridyl) ligand 1 readily binds to copper(II) in a tetradentate fashion giving monomeric, dimeric, and polymeric complexes. The solid state structures of these compounds were found to depend on the use of racemic vs resolved ligand.
Epidemiological studies of acute ozone exposures and mortality.

Many, but not all, observational epidemiological studies of ozone (O(3)) air pollution have yielded significant associations between variations in daily ambient concentrations of this pollutant and a wide range of adverse health outcomes. We evaluate some past epidemiological studies that have assessed the short-term association of O(3) with mortality, and investigate one possible reason for variations in their O(3) effect estimate, i.e., differences in their approaches to the modeling of weather influences on mortality. For all of the total mortality-air pollution time-series studies considered, the combined analysis yielded a relative risk, RR=1.036 per 100-ppb increase in daily 1-h maximum O(3) (95% CI: 1.023-1.050). However, the subset of studies that specified the nonlinear nature of the temperature-mortality association yielded a combined estimate of RR=1.056 per 100 ppb (95% CI: 1.032-1.081). This indicates that past time-series studies using linear temperature-mortality specifications have underpredicted the premature mortality effects of O(3) air pollution. For Detroit, MI, an illustrative analysis of daily total mortality during 1985-1990 also indicated that the model weather specification choice can influence the O(3) health effects estimate. Results were intercompared for alternative weather specifications. Nonlinear specifications of temperature and relative humidity (RH) yielded lower intercorrelations with the O(3) coefficient, and larger O(3) RR estimates, than a base model employing a simple linear spline of hot and cold temperature. We conclude that, unlike for particulate matter (PM) mass, the mortality effect estimates derived by time-series analyses for O(3) can be sensitive to the way that weather is addressed in the model. The same may well also be true for other pollutants with largely temperature-dependent formation mechanisms, such as secondary aerosols. Generally, we find that the O(3)-mortality effect estimate increases in size and statistical significance when the nonlinearity and the humidity interaction of the temperature-health effect association are incorporated into the model weather specification. We recommend that a minimization of the intercorrelations of model coefficients be considered (along with other critical factors such as goodness of fit, autocorrelation, and overdispersion) when specifying such a model, especially when individual coefficients are to be interpreted for risk estimation.
Zonation and geostrophic flow of the Antarctic circumpolar current at Drake Passage

Abstract The Antarctic Circumpolar Current in Drake Passage comprises four regimes characterized by distinct temperature-salinity relationships in the near-surface waters and by different depths of common temperature-salinity characteristics in deeper water. Between the Subantarctic Zone in the northern passage and the Antarctic Zone farther south is a transition region, the Polar Frontal Zone. The southernmost regime is the Continental Zone, which is restricted to a narrow band near the southern continental slope. Historical hydrographic data are used to determine the mean positions of the fronts that separate the zones. Expandable bathythermograph data show that the Subantarctic and the Polar fronts fluctuate about 100 km north and south of their mean positions. No seasonal differences in the mean frontal positions are evident. Baroclinic geostrophic transport calculations relative to 2500 dbar were made from synoptic hydrographic station pairs that span the passage. For sections that encompass the Subantarctic and Continental zones, the mean summer transport is 78.7 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 , about 10% higher than the winter mean of 70.6 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 . Transport calculations were also made from the average values of dynamic height and transport function within the Subantarctic and Continental Zones. The mean summer transport of 80.9 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 is significantly different from the winter mean of 73.4 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 . The largest flow in summer is between the Subantarctic and Polar Frontal Zones, whereas in winter the flow between the Polar Frontal Zone and the Antarctic Zone is predominant. The lower winter transport is associated with shallower isopycnals throughout the water column in the Subantarctic Zone. Seasonal dynamic height averages are used to estimate the baroclinic component of the pressure signals from gauges deployed at each side of the passage between 1976 and 1978. The total transport (baroclinic plus barotropic) is estimated to be on the order of 26 × 10 6 m 3 s −1 greater in winter than in summer.
Simultaneous electron capture and target ionization in bare-fluorine-helium collisions

Abstract Projectile final charge states were measured in coincidence with recoil ion final charge states for a bare fluorine beam incident on a helium gas target. Absolute partial cross sections were determined for pure single target ionization, pure double target ionization, pure one-electron capture, and transfer ionization in the energy range 7–38 MeV. The four types of events were collected simultaneously by measuring the time of flight of the recoil ions and by charge-state analyzing the projectile beam using a position-sensitive detector. The pure-capture and transfer-ionization cross sections were corrected for pure ionization of the helium by contaminant hydrogenlike fluorine in the projectile beam. This correction was found to be as large as 50% in the case of the high-energy cross sections. The correction is much larger for pure capture than for transfer ionization; therefore, the relative contributions of these channels to total one-electron transfer are shifted relative to the uncorrected values.
THE GRAPHICAL DISPLAY OF SIMULATION RESULTS WITH APPLICATIONS TO THE COMPARISON OF ROBUST IRT ESTIMATORS OF ABILITY

Simulation studies of the performance of (potentially) robust statistical estimators usually proceed by applying each of several estimators to several samples of datasets generated under a variety of circumstances. The estimators which do “best” (have the least bias or MSE or both) under many circumstances are declared “good”. Such studies produce large quantities of numbers, in the form of indices of the performance of the various estimators under various conditions. These numbers form the results of the study, and so must be examined in detail. In our current study of robust IRT ability estimators, tabular presentation of the results has become truly unmanageable; that is, obtaining the numbers or doing the simulation is only part of the problem, understanding the excessively plentiful results is another considerable part. To aid in the digestion of such a collection of numbers, we have turned to multivariate graphical display.
Deliberate faking on personality and emotional intelligence measures.

Summary.—This study examined the extent the Big Five personality traits and emotional intelligence can be faked. Using a student sample, the equivalence of measurement and theoretical structure of models in a faking and honest condition was tested. Comparisons of the models for the honest and faking groups showed the data fit better in the faking condition. These results suggest that faking does change the rank orders of high scoring participants. The personality dimensions most affected by faking were emotional stability and conscientiousness within the Big Five and the general mood and stress management dimensions of Bar-On’s Emotional Quotient Inventory–Short Form (1997) measure of emotional intelligence.
NOTE ON THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF ASSERTIVENESS IN OCCUPATIONAL CONTEXTS

The extent to which the literature shows assertiveness produces favorable social outcomes in several occupational contexts was examined. Assertive job-seeking behavior may have a variable impact depending on such factors as the riskiness of the behavior, the size of the company, and the nature of the pool of applicants. Managers view assertive behavior, displayed in work-related interactions, more favorably than self-effacing behavior. Assertive customers more readily stand up for their rights and have more positive perceptions of business than nonassertive consumers. Less reliance on analogue studies and improved measurement systems for assessing social reactivity to assertiveness were recommended.
A program for semi-automatic sequential resonance assignments in protein 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra

Abstract A new approach to the sequential resonance assignment of protein 1 H NMR spectra based on a computer program is presented. Two main underlying concepts were used in the design of this program. First, it considers at any time all possible assignments that are consistent with the currently available data. If new information is added then assignments that have become inconsistent are eliminated. Second, the process of the assignment is split into formal steps that follow strictly from the available data and steps that involve the interpretation of ambiguous NMR data. The first kind of step is safe in the sense that it never leads to false assignments provided that the input does not contain any error; these steps are executed automatically by the program when the input files are read and whenever new data have been entered interactively. The second kind of step is left to the user: An interactive dialog provides detailed information on the current situation of the assignment and indicates what kind of new data would be most promising for further assignment. The user then provides new data to the program and restarts the automatic part which will attempt to draw logical conclusions from the joint use of the new data and the earlier available information and will eliminate assignments that have become inconsistent. Results of test problems using simulated NMR data for proteins consisting of up to 99 residues as well as the application of the program to obtain the complete assignment of α-bungarotoxin, a 74-residue snake neurotoxin, are reported.
A robust multiple watermarking scheme in the discrete wavelet transform domain

Because of the transition from analog to digital technologies, content owners are seeking technologies for the protection of copyrighted multimedia content. Encryption and watermarking are two major tools that can be used to prevent unauthorized consumption and duplication. In this paper, we generalize an idea in a recent paper that embeds a binary pattern in the form of a binary image in the LL and HH bands at the second level of Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) decomposition. Our generalization includes all four bands (LL, HL, LH, and HH), and a comparison of embedding a watermark at first and second level decompositions. We tested the proposed algorithm against fifteen attacks. Embedding the watermark in lower frequencies is robust to a group of attacks, and embedding the watermark in higher frequencies is robust to another set of attacks. Only for rewatermarking and collusion attacks, the watermarks extracted from all four bands are identical. Our experiments indicate that first level decomposition appear advantageous for two reasons: The area for watermark embedding is maximized, and the extracted watermarks are more textured with better visual quality.
Ectopic Release of Synaptic Vesicles

Exocytosis of synaptic vesicles is generally assumed to occur only at ultrastructurally defined presynaptic active zones. If release is restricted to these sites, receptors not located within the synaptic cleft must be activated by transmitter that diffuses out of the cleft or not be activated at all. Here we report that AMPA receptor-mediated quantal events resulting from climbing fiber release are observed in Bergmann glial cells in the cerebellar cortex. These quantal events are not coincident with quanta recorded in neighboring Purkinje cells which receive input from the same climbing fiber. As Bergmann glial membranes are excluded from the synaptic cleft, we propose that exocytosis can occur from climbing fiber release sites located directly across from Bergmann glial membranes. Such ectopic release may account for the majority of the Bergmann glial AMPA response evoked by climbing fiber stimulation.
AM630 is a competitive cannabinoid receptor antagonist in the guinea pig brain

AM630 has been demonstrated to be a cannabinoid receptor antagonist in the mouse brain and vas deferens. Conversely, it was recently reported that AM630 acts as a cannabinoid agonist in the guinea pig ileum. This research was designed to determine whether the difference in the action of AM630 is species specific. Studies conducted in guinea pig brain reveal that AM630 antagonizes the stimulatory effect of the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2 on [35S]GTPgammaS binding suggesting that difference in AM630 activity in different tissues is not due to species variation.
Communication among scientists and engineers: A commentary: A PSYCHOM '72 paper

IT IS a pleasure to have this opportunity to meet with the IEEE Group on Professional Communication in its first independent conference. As a specialist in communication theory and research, I am delighted to find we share so many common interests.
The poverty trap: a case study of Thai farmers

This article theoretically proves that a poverty trap problem is a result of endogenous fertility behaviour. The theoretical results were supported by empirical evidence from Thai farmer census data and a socioeconomic survey. Thai farmers tend to have a larger family size and smaller household incomes than nonfarmer households. Thai farmers are not covered by the social security programme and, thus, they have to rely more on intergenerational transfer from their children during retirement years. They fall into the poverty trap because the consumption level of their household increases as the number of children increases. Current government policies for Thai farmers only focus on providing more lending to farmers without saving incentives. As a result, the farmers' debt levels have become increasingly high. The government also provides the farmers with a debt suspension programme, which can have a long-term distortion effect on prudent agricultural lending activities. This article suggests that the poverty trap problem and distortion effect can be alleviated through a policy revision that could close the gap in the current farmer assistance programmes with a saving incentive and risk management scheme. In the long run, Thai farmers should be able to rely more on their own safety net than on government support.
The Salmonella PmrAB regulon: lipopolysaccharide modifications, antimicrobial peptide resistance and more.

Microbes are able to sense and respond to their environment primarily through the use of two-component regulatory systems. Many of these systems activate virulence-factor expression and are regulated by host-derived signals, having evolved to control gene expression at the key time and place for optimal establishment and maintenance of infection. Salmonella spp . are enteric pathogens that are able to survive both within host macrophages during systemic spread and killing by innate immune factors at intestinal mucosal surfaces. This review focuses on a key mechanism of pathogenesis that involves the PmrA–PmrB two-component system, which is activated in vivo by direct or indirect means and regulates genes that modify lipopolysaccharide, aiding survival in host (and non-host) environments.
Intestinal oxygenation and mucosal permeability with luminal mother's milk in developing piglets.

Intestinal Oxygenation and Mucosal Permeability with Luminal Mother's Milk in Developing Piglets
Toward a Rhetoric of Journal Writing.

Except for the essay and the research paper, perhaps no component of the college composition course is as prevalent as the personal journal, and in recent years the journal has become a principal export in the Writing-Across-the-Curriculum movement. Most composition textbooks contain a section on journal-keeping, and several, such as Christopher C. Burnham's Writingfrom the Inside Out, place the journal at the heart of the writing course. The journal is often associated with what James Berlin has called the "Subjective" approach to composition instruction, which assumes that insights arising from within the writer are of paramount importance, that "reality is a personal and private construct" (145). But the journal has proven versatile enough to fit almost any pedagogical model. Textbooks and instructor's guides commonly list a number of functions for the journal: creative stimulant, idea repository, experimental forum, and learning tool. The multidisciplinary essays in Toby Fulwiler's The Journal Book show its protean manifestations, including dialogue journal, learning log, team journal, math record, and office log. Theoretically, we place considerable faith in the journal and what it represents for our students-an opportunity to take control of their writing and to engage in independent inquiry. Yet many instructors who initially sense the potential of this genre give up on it when it leads to disappointing results.
Optical and electrical modeling of an amorphous-silicon tandem solar cell with nonhomogeneous intrinsic layers and a periodically corrugated back-reflector

A tandem solar cell comprising two p-i-n solar cells made of amorphous-silicon alloys and backed by a periodically corrugated metallic back-re ector was theoretically investigated. The intrinsic semiconductor layers in both constituent solar cells were taken to be nonhomogeneous with linearly varying bandgap. An AM1.5 solar irradiance spectrum was incorporated in the nite-di erence-time-domain calculations (Lumerical TM ) to obtain the generation rate of electron-hole pairs, which was then used in Synopsys Sentaurus TM to compute the electrical properties of the solar cell. The short-circuit current increases when the intrinsic layers are nonhomogeneous as compared to homogeneous intrinsic layers. However, electrical simulations showed that a new approach to modeling is needed that can take into account the continuously varying bandgap instead of considering it as piecewise uniform.
Sustainability of Fiber Reinforced Composites: Status and Vision for Future

Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite products offer many significant environmental benefits such as light weight, superior mechanical properties, extended service life, low maintenance and resistance to corrosion. But until now it has been difficult to compare sustainability of different FRP materials and production for processes. Concern for the environment, both in terms of limiting the use of finite resources and the need to manage waste disposal, has led to increasing pressure to recycle materials. This paper focuses on two issues that must be addressed to ensure continued growth in FRP usage is the disposal of waste generated during product manufacturing and the disposal of the products at the end of their useful life. The major cost drivers for FRPs are labor and raw materials. The use of recycled FRPS offers low-cost raw materials. This paper presents a review of the current status and outlook of FRP composites recycling and re-manufacturing techniques. A future vision for the use of FRP composites with sustainability applications is underway at many university research institutes and in industries. This paper will also state the sustainability problems of fiber reinforced composite products, and potential solutions.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Relationship of Substance Use/Abuse with Psychological and Physical Intimate Partner Violence: Variations Across Living Situations

This study addresses whether the relationship between illicit drug use/abuse measures and intimate partner violence (IPV) varies across socioeconomic status, racial status, and environmental indictors of a drug supportive culture. Data from 19,131 respondents who were living with intimate partners and had not been treated for a substance abuse problem in the last year and participated in the National Household Survey on Drug Abuse were analyzed. Marijuana use/abuse was a stronger predictor of IPV and psychological abuse for minorities, but was not a significant predictor of Caucasians’ IPV. Marijuana use/abuse also was a stronger predictor of IPV for those having a low socioeconomic status, but indicators of a drug supportive culture did not moderate the relationship. Minorities’ marijuana use/abuse increased their yelling and insulting behavior toward each other, and this psychological abuse mediated the effect of marijuana use/abuse on IPV. By contrast, stimulant use, sedative use, and alcohol abuse or dependence had independent direct effects on IPV after controlling for psychological abuse. Implications for research and policy are discussed.
Optical Imaging of Cancer and Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Fluorescent contrast agents were topically applied in vivo to colon tissue in a mouse model of colorectal cancer. Excised tissue was imaged with confocal microscopy ex vivo to differentiate dysplasia from normal tissue and benign inflammatory lesions.
Vibration signal modulates the behavior of house-hunting honey bees (Apis mellifera)

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) in house-hunting swarms perform vibration signals (dorsoventral abdominal vibration (DVAV)) of 18.05 ± 0.45 Hz for 1.36 ± 0.23 s throughout the house selection process. These signals are performed by a specialized subset of bees, most of whom never perform recruitment dances to nest sites. Individuals repeatedly vibrate others. The patterns of vibration signal performance are consistent with the hypothesis that it serves to activate bees for take-off, but may also activate bees to scout for nest sites.
Homologies of process and modular elements of embryonic construction

There are several signal transduction pathways that integrate embryonic development. We find that both within species and between species, these pathways constitute homologous modules. The processes, themselves, can be considered homologous, just as structures can be considered homologous. Just like vertebrate limbs, these pathways are composed of homologous parts (in this case, the proteins of the pathway) that are organized in homologous ways. These pathways are conserved through evolutionary time, and they undergo descent with modification. Such homologies of processes become critical to the discussion of evolution and development when we consider (1) that evolution depends on heritable changes in development, (2) that development is modular such that different modules can change without affecting other modules, (3) that modules can be co-opted into new functions, and (4) that modules depend on intercellular communication.
Preparing autoradiographs of monolayer cell culture grown in polystyrene multiwell plates for scoring labeling indices.

(1982). Preparing Autoradiographs of Monolayer Cell Culture Grown in Polystyrene Multiwell Plates for Scoring Labeling Indices. Stain Technology: Vol. 57, No. 5, pp. 319-321.
Did Darwin write the Origin backwards

After clarifying how Darwin understood natural selection and common ancestry, I consider how the two concepts are related in his theory. I argue that common ancestry has evidential priority. Arguments about natural selection often make use of the assumption of common ancestry, whereas arguments for common ancestry do not require the assumption that natural selection has been at work. In fact, Darwin held that the key evidence for common ancestry comes from characters whose evolution is not caused by natural selection. This raises the question of why Darwin puts natural selection first and foremost in the Origin.
Search for nonintegrally charged projectile fragments in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions

Using dioctyl-phthalate-doped CR-39 plastic track detectors with charge resolution ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{Z}\ensuremath{\approx}0.06e$, the authors have made the first dynamic search for fractionally charged particles bound to nuclei. They find, from charge measurements in the first \ensuremath{\sim} 2 cm after production, that no more than 3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ (95% confidence level) of the projectile fragments of 1.85-GeV/u $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ interactions with $10l~Zl18$ have charges differing from an integer by as much as $0.3e$. This rules out explanations of anomalons based on models in which the anomalons have nonintegral charge in such charge range.
Genetic and Antigenic Characterization of a Serotype P(6)G9 Human Rotavirus Strain Isolated in the United States

Abstract During an epidemiologic survey of rotavirus infections established to monitor the prevalent G serotypes circulating in the United States, human P[6]G9, subgroup I rotavirus strains causing symptomatic infections were identified as the fourth most common serotype. In this report we describe the molecular and antigenic characterization of one of these P[6]G9 isolates (US1205). Neutralization and sequencing studies have demonstrated that both outer capsid proteins, VP7 and VP4, of US1205 are closely related to but genetically and antigenically distinguishable from those of standard G9 strains (e.g., F45, WI61) and standard P2A[6] strains (e.g., ST3, M37). Thus the complete antigenic type of US1205 is P2A[6]G9, subgroup I. Sequence analysis of the VP6 and NSP4 genes of US1205 indicates that strain US1205 possessed VP6 subgroup I and NSP4A genotype specificities. Finally, Northern hybridization studies suggest that the P[6]G9 strains are closely related to members of the DS-1 genogroup except for their P[6] VP4 gene, which has been commonly identified in strains of both major human genogroups, and their G9 VP7 gene, which may have been derived by reassortment with a Wa genogroup strain. Examination of historic collections and prospective surveillance of strains will be needed to determine whether this strain has been present for some time or if it is emerging to compete with the other common serotypes of rotavirus.
Response and habituation of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression to repeated acute stress

Abstract Introduction Acute stress induces increases in plasma inflammatory mediators, which do not habituate to repeated stress. Inflammation is a risk factor for age-related illnesses, highlighting the need to understand factors controlling inflammation. No studies have examined changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression in response to repeated acute stress in humans. Methods RNA was isolated from peripheral blood before, 30 and 120 min after exposure of n = 32 healthy human participants to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) on two days. Gene expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, nuclear factor (NF)-κB and IκB was measured repeatedly on both days. We further assessed leukocyte numbers, plasma IL-6, and salivary cortisol. Results Stress induced IL-6 (F = 44.7; p Conclusions Stress response and habituation of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression as found here might indicate that even on an intracellular level, inflammatory responses to acute stress are adaptive in that they respond to initial, but habituate to repeated, similar stress. Future studies will need to test whether non-habituation is predictive of disease.
Suicide and its impact on campus

Death by suicide can magnify and complicate bereavement, leaving community members struggling to sort through grief, anger, guilt, and the overwhelming feeling that they should somehow have been able to prevent the death.
Freedom and happiness in mill's defence of liberty

Mill's aim in On Liberty is "to assert one very simple principle as entitled to govern absolutely the dealings of society with the individual in the way of compulsion and control".l That principle, which is often called Mill's harm principle, is this: the sole end for which mankind are warranted, individually or collectively, in interfering with the liberty of action of any of their number is self-protection . . . the only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own good, either physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot rightfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be better for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the opinion of others, to do so would be wise or even right. . . . The only part of the conduct of anyone for which he is amenable to society is that part which concerns others. In the part which merely concerns himself, his independence is, of right, absolute (pp. 95-6). What this principle is designed to preclude, of course, is "paternalism", as we now refer to it. No sane adult may be forced to do anything other than what he or she wants to do, on Mill's view, simply for paternalistic reasons. To justify the use of force, Mill says, we must show that the conduct we are attempting to control is likely to do harm to someone other than the agent. If this cannot be shown, we have no right to resort to force, whether in the form of social pressure or legal sanctions. Now Mill's defence of the harm principle is interesting not only because it is aimed at establishing such an uncompromising doctrine of individual autonomy but also because it is aimed at establishing that doctrine on strictly utilitarian grounds: his defence of the harm principle will be based solely on the principle of utility, Mill says, the principle that an action is right if it tends to promote at least as much happiness (or as little unhappiness) as any alternative action that is open to the agent and wrong if it does not (p. 97). Even if we were to imagine Mill to be arguing simply for a very strong (but defeasible) presumption against paternalistic interference with individual autonomy, which is in fact what he does in Book V of The Principles of Political Economy,2 his enterprise would nonetheless have to
H-PHOSPHONATE APPROACH FOR SOLID-PHASE SYNTHESIS OF OLIGODEOXYRIBONUCLEOSIDE BORANOPHOSPHATES AND THEIR CHARACTERIZATION

Substitution of a borano (BH3-) group for nonbridging oxygen in the phosphate backbone of DNA results in a new class of isoelectronic and isoionic DNA analogues. An effective chemical method of syn...
Foreign ownership and firm scope in India

We examine how foreign ownership influences the extent to which firms engage in outsourcing. We observe a significant and positive relationship between the extent of foreign ownership and the level of internal sourcing for the firms. Second, when foreign owners have at least 51% ownership versus where foreign ownership is less than 51% we observe dramatic differences in outsourcing levels. Also we find that for firms with controlling foreign ownership undertaking in-house activities, the motivation to keep their property rights as inviolate as possible when their capability contributions within the Indian economy are large and significant is intense. For firms considering locating in India a strategy of internalization of activities in India is central towards retaining their competitive advantage.
Insulin Levels in Primates by Immunoassay

Only trace amounts of insulin were detected by an immunoassay system with guinea pig antibody to pork insulin in the New World primates Cebus and Saimiri. The system found insulin levels in the Old World primates rhesus and chimpanzee which were quite like those of human beings. The findings suggest important structural differences in the insulins of the two primate divisions.
Dental Radiological Research

Dental radiological research carried on between January 1960 and November 1961 is reviewed. Topics considered include physics, new technics, roentgenographic interpretation, radiation hygiene, tissue changes induced by radiation, and chemical protection against radiation damage. (R.H.D.)
Molecular Imaging with Theranostic Nanoparticles

Nanoparticles (NPs) offer diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities not available with small molecules or microscale tools. As the field of molecular imaging has emerged from the blending of molecular biology with medical imaging, NP imaging is increasingly common for both therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The term theranostic describes technology with concurrent and complementary diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities. Although NPs have been FDA-approved for clinical use as transport vehicles for nearly 15 years, full translation of their theranostic potential is incomplete. However, NPs have shown remarkable success in the areas of drug delivery and magnetic resonance imaging. Emerging applications include image-guided resection, optical/photoacoustic imaging in vivo, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, and thermoablative therapy.Diagnosis with NPs in molecular imaging involves the correlation of the signal with a phenotype. The location and intensity of NP signals emanating from a living subject indica...