cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring Passive Transport Using Confocal Microscopy of Giant Lipid Vesicles

The ability of a molecule to pass through the plasma membrane without the aid of any active cellular mechanisms is central to that molecule's pharmaceutical characteristics. Existing techniques for measuring this passive transport capacity are hampered by the presence of an unstirred layer (USL) which dominates transport considerations across the bilayer. We are developing assays based on confocal microscopy of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) that allow for the detailed investigation of passive transport processes and mechanisms. At the size of GUVs (generally less than 100 μm), the effect of the USL on membrane transport processes is minimized, giving more accurate values of membrane permeability.We have constructed several series of drug-like fluorescent molecules by covalently modifying the dye 4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1, 3-diazole (NBD). A series of molecules of increasing hydrophilicity was constructed from polyethylene glycol (PEG) having 4, 8, and 12 repeating units. Alkane chains with 3, 5, and 7 carbons were used as the hydrophobic representatives. Transport of both series of modified NBD molecules was observed by tracking NBD fluorescence as the molecules passed through the GUV membrane. Weak acyclic acid with 2, 4, and 6 carbons were also examined, using a pH-sensitive dye to track their transport.An analytical theoretic passive transport model was devised, original data was regressed to the model, and permeability was calculated for each dataset. Finite element modeling (FEM) was used to simulate the experiments. The simulation supported the experimental results well.
The governance of innovation: Vertical integration and collaborative arrangements in the biotechnology industry☆

Abstract This paper analyzes and compares the various governance structures through which new biotechnologies have been developed and commercialized over the past decade and a half. These governance structures include (1) forward vertical integration by new biotechnology firms (NBFs) from RD (2) backward integration by established firms from downstream industries into biotechnology RD and (3) various forms of collaboration between NBFs and established firms involving R&D, technology transfer, production, and distribution. The institutional, technological, and organizational forces affecting the incidence of these governance structures over time are discussed and examined with data from several sources.
Z-transform theory and the FDTD method

In implementing the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method on materials which are dispersive or nonlinear, the relationship between the flux density and the electric field can be the most complicated part of the problem. Because the FDTD method is a sampled time-domain method, this relationship can be can be looked upon as a digital filtering problem. The Z transform is typically used in digital filtering and signal processing problems. The paper illustrates the use of the Z transform in implementing the FDTD method where complicated dispersive or nonlinear materials are involved.
Factor VIIa for correction of traumatic coagulopathy.

Introduction: Activated factor VIIa (FVIIa) was developed to treat hemophiliacs with high-titer antibodies to factor VIII. FVIIa initiates thrombin formation by binding with exposed tissue factor. Anecdotal reports have described the utility of FVIIa in correcting coagulopathy from trauma, but no large series exists. We present our experience with 81 coagulopathic trauma patients treated using FVIIa in years 2001-2003, compared with control patients matched from the trauma registry from the same time period. Methods: Use of FVIIa was restricted to active hemorrhage with clinical coagulopathy. We recorded the cause of coagulopathy, dose of FVIIa administered, effect on clinical coagulation, pertinent laboratory values, length of stay, number and type of blood products administered, and patient outcome. For the same time period we also examined outcomes in coagulopathic patients who did not receive FVIIa. Results: Causes of coagulopathy were diverse, and included acute traumatic hemorrhage (46 patients), traumatic brain injury (20), warfarin use (9), congenital Factor VII deficiency (2), and other acquired hematologic defects (4). Coagulopathy was reversed in 61/81 cases (75%), with an associated reduction in PT from 19.6 to 10.8 (p = 0.000018). 34 patients (42%) survived to hospital discharge (20/46 traumatic hemorrhage, 5/20 TBI, 4/9 on warfarin, 2/2 factor deficient, 3/4 other). Patients died from irreversible shock, multiple organ system failure, or traumatic brain injury. FVIIa patients had a higher mortality than coagulopathic controls matched by specific anatomic injuries, admission lactate value, and predicted probability of survival. Only a group identified by all three characteristics had a similar mortality to the FVIIa cohort, but the number of patients that could be matched this way was too small to be meaningful. Conclusion: FVIIa therapy lead to an immediate reduction in coagulopathic hemorrhage in most cases, accompanied by a significant improvement in laboratory measures. Application of FVIIa as a therapy of last resort makes the identification of equivalent control patients difficult. Use of FVIIa should be considered for any patient with coagulopathic hemorrhage in which surgically-accessible bleeding has been controlled. Prospective trials of FVIIa in patients with traumatic coagulopathy are strongly indicated, and should focus on appropriate patient selection and the dose and timing of therapy.
Excitatory and inhibitory effects of lingual nerve stimulation on reflexes controlling the activity of masseteric motoneurons.

Abstract The masseteric reflex was suppressed for 200–400 msec following a single shock stimulus to low threshold fibers in either the ipsilateral or contralateral lingual nerve of decerebrate cats. There were two phases of suppression; the maximum reduction in the amplitude of the reflex occurred 5–10 msec after the stimulus in the first phase, and approximately 40 msec after the stimulus in the second phase. Between these two phases of suppression was a recovery period characterized by an increase in reflex amplitude. Following midline section of the brain stem between the trigeminal motor nuclei the first phase of suppression of the masseteric reflex induced by contralateral lingual nerve stimulation was completely blocked. It was replaced by a facilitation of the reflex which occurred from 4 to 16 msec after the contralateral stimulus. The second phase of suppression was not effected by the section. The intravenous injection of picrotoxin did not effect the first phase of suppression but significantly reduced the degree of suppression attained in the second phase. Stimulation of the contralateral lingual nerve induced primary afferent depolarization (PAD) in ipsilateral lingual nerve terminals. The same contralateral stimulus also blocked the first phase of suppression of the masseteric reflex induced by ipsilateral lingual nerve stimulation. The time course of the disinhibitory effect was similar to that of the PAD, and the proposal was made that depolarization of the ipsilateral terminals was responsible for the disinhibition.
Lessons from melanocyte development for understanding the biological events in naevus and melanoma formation.

Recent advances in mouse genetics have identified molecular changes that are critical for melanocyte maturation and differentiation. This review briefly summarizes the current knowledge of distinct steps in melanocyte development, and identifies for each step the most important molecules such as the growth factors stem cell factor and endothelin-3, with their respective receptors. Classical cadherins, i.e. E-cadherin, N-cadherin and P-cadherin, determine melanocyte positioning in the skin. During naevus and melanoma development, the two growth factor signalling pathways are downregulated, whereas cadherin expression shifts concomitantly with re-positioning of the naevus and melanoma cells in the skin. Loss of E-cadherin and gain of N-cadherin by melanoma cells has profound consequences for the regulatory cross-talk between various types of cells in the skin. Naevus and melanoma cells that do not express E-cadherin are resistant to control by keratinocytes and establish close communications with fibroblasts and endothelial cells. However, forced expression of E-cadherin in melanoma cells can reverse the malignant phenotype by re-establishing the control of keratinocytes over the melanoma cells. Even highly aggressive metastatic melanoma cells can be signalled to turn off the expression of genes associated with tumour invasion and metastasis, suggesting that this strategy could be utilized in the therapy of melanoma.
Analysis Tools for Sizing and Placement of Energy Storage in Grid Applications

The purpose of this report was to review pertinent literature and studies to identify current state-of-the-art models and analytical tools that optimize the siting, sizing, and economic value of energy storage in a smart grid infrastructure. In recent decades, research and development has significantly improved the cost and reliability of energy storage systems. However, a relatively small percentage of that work has focused on engineering tools for integrating energy storage into existing or future electric grids. This literature review revealed that only a small number of software tools exist, and that those tools only partially address the needs for placement, sizing, and overall control strategies of stationary energy storage within a smart grid infrastructure. None of the tools comprehensively captures the benefits of energy storage, which would reveal all of the potential values. None of the tools or models provides optimization features that identify optimal placement and sizing options within a transmission or distribution system context. This review identifies a need for tool development to fill the gap in the grid analytics and provides some recommendations of guiding principles for advancing the analytical capabilities needed for the engineering and grid planning communities.
POSTOPERATIVE CARE OF THE TRAUMA PATIENT

The postoperative care of seriously injured trauma patients can be challenging and frustrating, yet very satisfying. Recent advances in critical care have been spurred on by improvements in technology, as well as by refinements of our understanding of the basic sciences such as physiology, microbiology, pharmacology, and molecular biology. As the prehospital and initial hospital care of injured patients improves, the role of postoperative care in reducing postinjury mortality is expected to expand. Improved care in intensive care units (ICUs) may contribute to decreases in preventable trauma death rates, particularly in regionalized trauma centers. 12, 13, 75 Because postoperative complications are the rule rather than the exception in severely injured patients, anesthesiologists and surgeons caring for critically ill trauma victims in the postoperative period must be vigilant and prepared to diagnose and treat problems as they arise. This article reviews current concepts in the "routine" postoperative care of the trauma patient and in the management of some of the more common postoperative complications. The reader is encouraged to consult other sources for more thorough discussions of this topic, including trauma in elderly, pregnant, or pediatric patients. 42, 49, 67, 68, 71
An investigation on fatigue and dwell-fatigue crack growth in Ti-6Al-2Sn-4Zr-2Mo-0.1Si

Abstract This paper presents the results of a combined experimental and analytical study of fatigue crack growth and dwell-fatigue crack growth in forged Ti–6Al–2Sn–4Zr–2Mo–0.2%Si (Ti-6242). Following an initial characterization of microstructures and basic mechanical properties, the micromechanisms of long fatigue crack growth are presented for three microstructures. These include: a duplex α/β structure, an elongated α/β structure, and a colony α/β microstructure. The colony microstructure is shown to have the best resistance to fatigue crack growth. The elongated α structure has intermediate resistance, while the equiaxed α structure exhibits the fastest fatigue crack growth rates. The fatigue crack growth rates in the near-threshold, Paris and high ΔK regimes are then characterized with empirical crack growth laws that relate the crack growth rates to the stress intensity factor range and key parameters on the fatigue crack growth curve. Finally, the results of dwell-fatigue crack growth experiments are presented for the three microstructures. The dwell-fatigue crack growth rates are shown to be almost identical to the fatigue crack growth rates in the intermediate ΔK regime. However, the fatigue crack growth rates are faster at higher stress intensity factor ranges. The underlying mechanisms of dwell crack growth are compared with the mechanisms of fatigue crack growth before discussing the implications of the work for the prediction of dwell or fatigue crack growth in Ti-6242. The effects of cyclic frequency on fatigue crack growth are also explored.
Two Ridges, One Explanation

Abstract We attribute the phenomenon known as “the ridge” to long range initial state correlations from Color Glass Condensate flux tubes and later stage radial flow. We show that this description can explain the amplitude and azimuthal width of the soft ridge and nearly explain that of the hard ridge, suggesting that the two are essentially the same phenomenon.
Hybrid adaptive control for tracking of rigid-link flexible-joint robots

A hybrid adaptive tracking controller for rigid-link flexible-joint (RLFJ) robot manipulators is designed. The controller is hybrid in the sense that an adaptive indirect controller is used to compensate for parametric uncertainties in the rigid-link equation whereas an adaptive robust controller corrects for the dynamics (i.e. mechanical flexibilities) and parametric uncertainty associated with the actuators. That is, in spite of these detrimental uncertainties and effects, we are still able to ensure a global asymptotic stability (GAS) result for the link position tracking error.
Experimental intensity and lineshape parameters of the oxygen A-band using frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy

Abstract Line intensities, self- and air-broadened linewidths, pressure-induced shifts, and collisional narrowing coefficients were measured from 2 ⩽ J′ ⩽ 32 in the P branch of the O2 A-band (12 975–13110 cm−1) utilizing Galatry line profiles. Spectra were recorded using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer located at NIST, Gaithersburg, MD with a spectral resolution
Live From New York, It's the Fake News! Saturday Night Live and the (Non)Politics of Parody

Though Saturday Night Live's “Weekend Update” has become one of the most iconic of fake news programs, it is remarkably unfocused on either satiric critique or parody of particular news conventions. Instead, the segment has been shaped by a series of hosts who made a name for themselves by developing distinctive comic personalities. In contrast to more politically invested contemporary programs, the genre of fake news on Saturday Night Live has been largely emptied to serve the needs of the larger show, maintaining its status as just topical, hip, and unthreatening enough to attract celebrities and politicians, as well as a mass audience.
THE EFFECTS OF WATER TEMPERATUHE ON INFECTION AND ANTIBODY FORMATION INDUCED BY Vibrio anguillarum IN JUVENILE COHO SALMON (Oncorhynchus kisutch)1

Effects of environmental temperature on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) experimentally infected with Vibrio anguillarum were examined at 7 water temperatures from 3 to 21°C. The mean day to death and total mortality were each related to temperature. The shorter mean day to death and higher mortality were observed at the elevated water temperatures. Growth curves of V. anguillarum cultured in Brain Heart Infusion broth were determined at 6, 12 and 18°C. Growth rates were directly related to temperature. The effect of temperature on the production of V. anguillarum agglutinating antibodies following parenteral injection was determined in juvenile coho salmon held at 6, 12 and 18°C. Titers were first observed on days 10, 15, and 25 in fish held at 18, 12 and 6°C, respectively.
Influence of hormones on the inhibitory activity of oocyte maturation present in conditioned media of porcine granulosa cells

This study examines the influence of follicular maturation as well as the role of various hormones upon the secretion of an oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI) from porcine granulosa cells incubated in vitro. The results demonstrate that the OMI substance, secreted into the media by granulosa cells, is present in a low molecular-weight fraction (< 10,000 daltons) similar to that found in follicular fluid of porcine antral follicles. Also, as follicular development progresses, the granulosa cells lose their ability to secrete OMI. More importantly, hormones appear to regulate OMI secretion: FSH stimulates OMI secretion and androgens inhibit OMI secretion. These data provide evidence for the proposal of the following hypothesis concerning hormonal regulation of oocyte, meiosis by OMI in the porcine follicle: Whether the oocyte resumes meiosis, either during atresia or ovulation, is dependent upon the proper milieu of gonadotropins, cyclic-AMP, and steroids within the microenvironment of the follicular compartment. The cellular interactions of these hormones, particularly FSH and androgens, control the amount of OMI (and possibly other intrafollicular factors) secreted in the follicle, which may be involved in either maintaining the immature state or permitting meiotic maturation.
Parkinson's disease: a rethink of rodent models.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease with a complex etiology that results from genetic risk factors, environmental exposures and most likely a combination of both. Rodent models of parkinsonism aim to reproduce key pathogenic features of the syndrome including movement disorder induced by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, accompanied by the formation of α-synuclein containing Lewy body inclusions. Despite the creation of many excellent models, both chemically induced and genetically engineered, there is none that accurately demonstrates these features. Recent pathological staging studies in man have also emphasized the significant non-CNS component of PD that has yet to be tackled. Herein, we summarize rodent models of PD and what they offer to the field, and suggest future challenges and opportunities.
Jurisdiction, inscription, and state formation: administrative modernism and knowledge regimes

In seventeenth-century France, Colbert built a more effective state administration not by rationalizing state offices but by using public documents to increase the government’s intellectual capacity to exercise logistical power and engage in territorial governance. This pattern calls into question Weber’s model of the genesis of “modern officialdom,” suggesting that its source was not social rationalization, but rather the identification and management of expertise. Colbert recruited into government nascent technocrats with knowledge useful to territorial politics, using contracts and other documents to limit their independence and subordinate them to patrimonial authorities. They exercised specific duties and impersonal powers in jurisdictional areas—much like modern technocrats. Their expertise enhanced the intellectual capacity of the administration to exercise territorial power and made the state less dependent on patrimonial clienteles without challenging the patrimonial culture of power/knowledge.
ANTIGENIC HETEROGENEITY OF HUMAN RH ANTIBODIES, RHEUMATOID FACTORS, AND COLD AGGLUTININS.

Abstract Antigenic studies of purified individual 19S γ-globulin rheumatoid factors and 7S γ-globulin Rh antibodies coating Rh+ cells reveal them to be heterogeneous in their antigenic structure and to contain determinants for antigenic Type I as well as Type II. In contrast, five 19S γ-globulin cold agglutinins resembled paraproteins in their homogeneity since all belonged entirely to antigenic Type I and contained no Type II protein.
Quantitative analysis of phytosterols in edible oils using APCI liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

Previous methods for the quantitative analysis of phytosterols have usually used GC–MS and require elaborate sample preparation including chemical derivatization. Other common methods such as HPLC with absorbance detection do not provide information regarding the identity of the analytes. To address the need for an assay that utilizes mass selectivity while avoiding derivatization, a quantitative method based on LC–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS–MS) was developed and validated for the measurement of six abundant dietary phytosterols and structurally related triterpene alcohols including brassicasterol, campesterol, cycloartenol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and lupeol in edible oils. Samples were saponified, extracted with hexane and then analyzed using reversed phase HPLC with positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry and selected reaction monitoring. The utility of the LC–MS–MS method was demonstrated by analyzing 14 edible oils. All six compounds were present in at least some of the edible oils. The most abundant phytosterol in all samples was β-sitosterol, which was highest in corn oil at 4.35 ± 0.03 mg/g, followed by campesterol in canola oil at 1.84 ± 0.01 mg/g. The new LC–MS–MS method for the quantitative analysis of phytosterols provides a combination of speed, selectivity and sensitivity that exceed those of previous assays.
Paternal behavior in six species of muroid rodents

In Experiment I parental behavior was studied in 10 pairs of each of six species of muroid rodents: Microtus californicus, M. ochrogaster, M. californicus, M. montanus, Peromyscus maniculatus, and P. leucopus. Appreciable amounts of sitting on the nest, licking pups, and manipulating nesting materials were observed for all species, and manipulation and retrieval of pups for all Microtus species. Sex differences in parental behavior were relatively infrequent, reaching statistical significance in 9 of 60 comparisons. Species differences were significant in 58 of 150 comparisons for males and 46 of 150 for females. In Experiment II it was found that parity had little effect on parental behavior in the two Peromyscus species. These data both expand the catalog of species for which paternal behavior has been described and extend previous observations in several species. However, they provide little support for hypotheses that such behavior in the laboratory either is indicative of paternal behavior in the field or is a correlate of monogamous breeding systems, certainty of paternity, or adoption of a K-strategy in nature.
Tunable ring-loaded patch element for beam-steerable reflectarray applications

In this paper, a tunable multi-resonant element designed by coupling a ring element to a microstrip patch antenna is presented. By loading the antenna element with a variable Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) capacitor, tunability is realized. To showcase its enhanced performance, compared to single resonant elements, a reference patch and a ring are also simulated. The ring-loaded patch element is shown to have a significantly higher phase range and enhanced bandwidth compared to the reference elements. The presented unit cell finds applications where higher phase ranges and compact form-factor are desired for reflectarray design.
Social Change in the South

This discussion of the changing South undertakes to present those major recent changes which are clearly observable and, to a considerable extent, measurable. The theme, "Social Change in the South," finds its setting not only in the framework of a changing America but in the changing structure of modern society everywhere. It therefore is not only a theme of perennial interest, but of peculiar importance at this time in America's reconversion program of the future.
Clinical trial of interconceptional antibiotics to prevent preterm birth: subgroup analyses and possible adverse antibiotic-microbial interaction.

Objective The purpose of this study was to explore whether endometrial microbial colonization and plasma cell endometritis are risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes, and whether these outcomes are influenced by interactions between interconceptional antibiotics and the micro-flora. Study Design Subgroup analyses of data from a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of a course of metronidazole plus azithromycin given every 4 months to women with a prior preterm delivery to prevent recurrent preterm delivery. Endometrial cultures and histology were obtained at randomization and repeated 2 weeks after the first treatment. Fifty-nine on antibiotics versus 65 on placebo had pregnancy outcomes. Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes (pregnancy loss or preterm birth P values for significance set a priori at P values Results The prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcome was 62.7% in the presence of endometrial microbial colonization at baseline (any microbe) and 50% in the absence of colonization (RR = 1.25; 99% CI 0.42-3.7). Prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was 61.9% with plasma cell endometritis, and 70.8% without; RR=0.87 (0.50-1.5). There was a nonsignificant reduction in adverse pregnancy outcome in the absence of Gardnerella vaginalis or Gram-negative rods with RR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.3-1.2) and 0.66 (0.4-1.2), respectively. In the presence of these microbes, antibiotics appeared to increase adverse outcomes: RR=1.5 (1.1-2.0) and 1.5 (1.1-2.1), respectively. This reversal of impact represents a crossover interaction. Conclusion Neither baseline endometrial microbial colonization nor plasma cell endometritis were risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcome. However, colonization with specific microbes interacted with antibiotics to increase adverse outcomes.
Fabry disease: Diagnosis by α-galactosidase activities in tears

The enzymatic diagnosis of hemizygotes with Fabry disease and heterozygous carriers was accomplished by the fluorometric determination of alpha-galactosidase activities in tears. Two components of total alpha-galactosidase activity were differentiated by their relative thermostabilities and by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The major component, alpha-galactosidase A, was thermolabile and represented approximately 90% of total activity; the remaining activity was thermostable, eluted at a slightly higher salt concentration and was designated alpha-galactosidase B. A single, symmetric pH optimum was observed for total alpha-galactosidase activities from heterozygotes and normal individuals, whereas the total activity from hemizgotes, which was about 10% of that in normal controls, had a broad pH profile, identical to those for alpha-galactosidase B activities from all individuals studied. The apparent Km values for total activities were 3.2, 4.0, and greater than 13 mM for normal individuals, heterozygotes, and hemizygotes, respectively. In contrast, apparent Km values for alpha-galactosidase B activities were greater than 13 mM for all individuals, further suggesteng that the residual activity in hemizygotes with Fabry disease represented the alpha-galactosidase B component. of the potential inhibitors studied, alpha-D-melibiose was found to competitively inhibit total alpha-galactosidase activity (Ki approximately 10 mM). These studies demonstrate that tears provide an easily obtainable source of freshly secreted enzyme for the diagnosis of hemizygotes and heterozygotes with Fabry disease and suggest that tears may be useful for the diagnosis of other inborn errors of metabolism.
Ototoxicity of polymyxin B, neomycin, and hydrocortisone suspension in tympanoplasty surgery.

Objectives(1) To determine the safety of using a commercially available suspension of polymyxin B, neomycin, and hydrocortisone (PNH) in tympanoplasty surgery. (2) To apply evidence-based medicine ...
Understanding the antecedents to defaulting on direct response financial obligations

Abstract Three exploratory hierarchical causal models were tested that examined the relationship between credit-related variables and the likelihood of defaulting on direct response financial obligations. First, causal modeling was used to explore the hierarchical interrelationships between the variables that in a previous study were found to best predict default status (general model). The second model examined these hierarchical relationships when two types of direct response media are utilized—direct mail and magazine (media model). Finally, the third hierarchical model examined the interrelationships between default variables when two different product offers are considered—book clubs and collectibles (offer model). This research is based in part on recommendations by the reviewers of our initial research and the editor of the journal to study the interrelationships between default variables and to determine whether these relationships are generalizable to multiple situational contexts.
On interpolation and integration in finite-dimensional spaces of bounded functions

Abstract : We observe that, under very mild conditions, an n-dimensional space of functions (with a finite n) admits numerically stable n-point interpolation and integration formulae. The proof relies entirely on linear algebra, and is virtually independent of the domain and of the functions to be interpolated.
Fesselin binds to actin and myosin and inhibits actin-activated ATPase activity

Fesselin is an actin binding protein that bundles actin filaments and accelerates nucleation of actin polymerization. The effect of fesselin on actin polymerization is regulated by Ca(++)-calmodulin. Because actin filaments serve both structural and contractile functions we also examined the effect of fesselin on activation of myosin S1 ATPase activity. Fesselin inhibited the activation of S1-catalyzed ATP hydrolysis in a similar manner in both the presence and absence of tropomyosin. This inhibition was unaffected by Ca(++)-calmodulin. Fesselin inhibited the binding of myosin-S1 to actin during steady-state ATP hydrolysis. Fesselin also displaced caldesmon from actin. S1 displaced fesselin from actin in the absence of nucleotide when the affinity of S1 for actin was much greater than the affinity of fesselin for actin. It is likely that fesselin and S1 share common binding sites on F-actin. We also observed that fesselin could bind to smooth muscle myosin with muM affinity. Fesselin shares some similarities to caldesmon in binding to several other proteins and having multiple potential functions.
Correction to the article ``A comparison of the extended finite element method with the immersed interface method for elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients and singular sources'' by Vaughan et al.

A recent paper by Vaughan, Smith, and Chopp [Comm. App. Math. & Comp. Sci. 1 (2006), 207–228] reported numerical results for three examples using the immersed interface method (IIM) and the extended finite element method (X-FEM). The results presented for the IIM showed first-order accuracy for the solution and inaccurate values of the normal derivative at the interface. This was due to an error in the implementation. The purpose of this note is to present correct results using the IIM for the same examples used in that paper, which demonstrate the expected second-order accuracy in the maximum norm over all grid points. Results now indicate that on these problems the IIM and X-FEM methods give comparable accuracy in solution values. With appropriate interpolation it is also possible to obtain nearly second order accurate values of the solution and normal derivative at the interface with the IIM.
The informative act and its aftermath: Toward a predictive science of information

The paradigm statement for a predictive science of semantic information is presented in the form of an informative act, a one-sentence concatenation of a performative preamble with one bit of perceived “hard” information. Such sentences produce stress in the receiver which can be measured subjectively using the Holmes-Rahe stress scale. A unit called the whomp is introduced which describes the net effect of receiving a message with both hard information and human stress points. Such messages can be said to “produce” records. In an extension of the concept of the informative act to a major personage, such as a Head of State, we examine the public records in the form of books produced. Although the prediction is not as refined as we would like, we project somewhere between 16 and 32 titles to be listed in Cumulative Book Index under the subject heading “Nixon, Richard M.” during the twenty-year period 1974-1994, all other things being equal.
Ideologies of mental healers: evolving therapy orientations of novice psychotherapists.

“The first group initially scored high on the modes of change popularly considered the hallmark of psychoanalytic orientation. By the end of their rotation period resident's faith in these modes declined most significantly. ...The second group showed no preference for the presumptive hallmarks of the analytic orientation even at the beginning of their training.”
A Case of Hut Lung: Scanning Electron Microscopy With Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis of a Domestically Acquired Form of Pneumoconiosis

Hut lung is a pneumoconiosis caused by exposure to smoke derived from biomass fuels used for cooking in poorly ventilated huts. We report, to our knowledge, the first analysis of the dust deposited in the lungs in hut lung by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). A Bhutanese woman presented with shortness of breath and an abnormal chest radiograph. Chest CT scan showed innumerable tiny bilateral upper lobe centrilobular nodules. Transbronchial biopsy revealed mild interstitial fibrosis with heavy interstitial deposition of black dust. SEM/EDS showed that the dust was carbonaceous, with smaller yet substantial numbers of silica and silicate particles. Additional history revealed use of a wood/coal-fueled stove in a small, poorly ventilated hut for 45 years. The possibility of hut lung should be considered in women from countries where use of biomass-fueled stoves for cooking is common. Our findings support the classification of this condition as a mixed-dust pneumoconiosis.
Effect of high temperature on bond strength of near-surface mounted FRP reinforcement

Abstract This paper presents results from an experimental study on the effect of temperature on bond strength and modulus of near-surface mounted (NSM) fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthened concrete. 36 NSM FRP specimens, fabricated using different types of epoxy adhesive and FRP reinforcement, were tested to evaluate bond strength in 20–400 °C temperature range. Results from these tests indicate that bond strength and modulus decrease significantly in 20–200 °C temperature range, and only retain 20–30% of their original values at 200 °C. NSM FRP strips and rods possess negligible bond strength beyond 400 °C. Data from tests also indicates that NSM FRP system exhibits similar bond stress–slip response at both room and high temperatures. However, the peak value (bond strength) and the slope (bond modulus) are much lower at high temperatures. Data from the tests is utilized to propose empirical relations for variation of bond strength and modulus of NSM FRP strengthening system with temperature.
Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation and thoracolumbar spine trauma : a review of 55 cases

A series of 55 patients treated with posterior Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation and osteosynthesis for unstable thoracolumbar spine fractures were reviewed. Follow-up averaged 48.3 months. The fractures were all unstable, with 27 classified as fracture-dislocations (FD) and 28 classified as flexion compression injuries or unstable burst fractures (FC/B). The study population was composed of 29 men and 26 women with an average age of 31 (range 20-45) years. Mechanisms of injuries included 35 motor vehicle accidents, 19 falls, and one blunt trauma. No case worsened as a result of surgery, and 31% of the cases improved an average of 0.5 Frankel grade (range 0-2). Sixty percent of patients were braced with a custom molded thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) fitted after surgical stabilization. Minor complications occurred in 45% of the cases (urinary tract infection most common). There was a singular deep wound infection and another iliac crest donor site infection. There were no instrument failures or pseudarthroses. Radiographic analysis showed the following improvements in fracture angle, vertebral body compression, and fracture displacement. The pattern of radiographic improvement in the FD and FC/B subgroups showed significant improvement in each parameter when comparing preoperative to immediate postoperative values. Of importance, the radiographic findings comparing 1 month to the final follow-up showed little to no deterioration. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation proved to be a highly effective device for immediate restabilization of unstable thoracolumbar injuries.
de Haas-van Alphen Effect and the Fermi Surface of Dilute Alloys of Zinc

Torsion measurements have been made of the de Haas-van Alphen magnetic-susceptibility oscillations in dilute Zn-Cu (up to 0.2 at.%) and Zn-Al (0.1%) alloys in magnetic fields up to 33kG. Sizeable alloying effects occur in the two longest periods ${P}_{1}$ and ${P}_{2}$ (the two smallest orbits on the zinc Fermi surface). Both periods decrease by 30% with only 0.2% Cu. With 0.1% Al, ${P}_{2}$ increases substantially while ${P}_{1}$ is only slightly increased, by an amount comparable to the 4% uncertainty in period determination (the oscillation amplitude is very small in the alloys). Following an earlier suggestion of Harrison, these alloying changes have been interpreted using the nearly-free-electron construction. The model explains both the sign and the magnitude of the ${P}_{1}$ changes, in particular demonstrating that the dominant effect of the axial-ratio change can make a metal of lower electron concentration act to increase the size of an electron piece of the Fermi surface. The model accounts for the sign but not the magnitude of the ${P}_{2}$ changes, which are more than a factor of three larger than predicted by the model. No changes greater than 1% were observed in the third longest period ${P}_{3}$. An unexplained result is the observation of a period of order 400\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}$${\mathrm{G}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for fields in the (0001) plane in crystals containing copper impurities, but not in pure zinc or Zn-Al.
Why are there so few women in information technology? Assessing the role of personality in career choices ☆

Despite increases in female labor force participation, women remain substantially under represented in most scientific and technical fields. The small number of women in engineering, physics, chemistry, computer science and other similar fields has variously been attributed to discrimination, differences in ability or choice. This paper uses a unique data set containing information on vocational interests to examine the determinants of entry in to Information Technology occupations. We show that men and women differ systematically in their interests, and that these differences can account for an economically and statistically large fraction of the occupational gender gap.
Universality in dissipative Landau-Zener transitions

We introduce a random-variable approach to investigate the dynamics of a dissipative two-state system. Based on an exact functional integral description, our method reformulates the problem as that of the time evolution of a quantum state vector subject to a Hamiltonian containing random noise fields. This numerically exact, nonperturbative formalism is particularly well suited in the context of time-dependent Hamiltonians, at both zero and finite temperature. As an important example, we consider the renowned Landau-Zener problem in the presence of an Ohmic environment with a large cutoff frequency at finite temperature. We investigate the ``scaling'' limit of the problem at intermediate times, where the decay of the upper-spin-state population is universal. Such a dissipative situation may be implemented using a cold-atom bosonic setup.
Somatostatin in the Management of Gastrointestinal Fistulas: A Multicenter Trial A. J. TORRES, J. I. LANDA, M. M. AZCOITA, ET AL Archives of Surgery 127:97-99, 1992

Somatostatin is a naturally occurring 14-amino acid peptide that exhibits strong inhibitory effects on gastrointestinal hormone secretion. This results in a decrease in gastric and hepatobiliary secretory outputs. The presence of gastrointestinal fistulas may lead to "short-gut" syndrome and malabsorption in the absence of replacement of fluid and protein losses. This may, in turn, result in the development of malnutrition and immune system suppression that in many cases, lead to sepsis and death. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) has been the mainstay of gastrointestinal fistula therapy, allowing maintenance of nitrogen balance and resulting in decreased fistula output. This therapeutic modality has allowed many fistulas to heal without surgical intervention.To determine whether somatostatin would improve fistula closure rates, 40 patients with postoperative gastrointestinal fistulas were randomized either to a group treated with TPN alone or to a group treated with TPN and a continuous intravenous infusi...
Do Interruptions Affect the Quality of Work

In today’s modern-day world where people are constantly being interrupted by cell phone calls, emails, instant messages, and co-workers, it is apparent that interruptions have become a common occurrence. Further, given the growth of technology in the workplace, that is unlikely to dissipate. Although much research has been conducted on interruptions and their impact on performance, little of that work has focuses on the overall quality of performance on the primary task. The current study investigates the role interruptions have on overall quality of work in a creative, complex task. Interruptions were found to reliably reduce quality of work when introduced at different phases of the task.
Bonding Composite to Glass lonomer with Adhesive Resin Cements

This study was to determine the bond strength of composite to glass ionomer using the following adhesive resin cements: Imperva Dual, CB Metabond, All-Bond, Geristore, and Panavia. All materials were mixed following the manufacturer's specifications. Bonded samples were thermocycled for 2000 x between 5 degrees C and 55 degrees C. Shear bond strengths were determined using an Instron Testing Machine. No statistical differences were noted between materials at the p < .05 level of significance. In addition, scanning electron micrographs were taken of the primed glass ionomer surfaces. These micrographs revealed varying amounts of matrix dissolution along with roughened surface topographies.
Iodine chemistry in the water column of the Chesapeake Bay : evidence for organic iodine forms

Abstract During the summer of 1987, we collected and analysed Chesapeake Bay water samples for the inorganic iodine species: iodide (by cathodic-stripping squarewave voltammetry) and iodate (by differential pulse polarography); and total iodine (by hypochlorite oxidation of the seawater sample to iodate). The difference between the sum of the inorganic iodine species and the total iodine was significant for about one-third of the samples collected from the Bay. Thus, in these samples, a third (or more) ‘new’ form(s) of iodine was present. These samples were primarily from oxygen-saturated surface waters of high biological activity (primary productivity and bacterial processes). This ‘new’ form can make up as much as 70% of the total iodine. Waters containing low oxygen concentrations showed less of this ‘new’ form of iodine whereas anoxic and sulphidic bottom waters contained only iodide. This ‘new’ form of iodine is organic in nature and probably non-volatile. It may reside in the peptide and humic fractions. Only reduced iodine (iodide and organic iodine) was detected in waters from the northern section of the Bay, whereas only iodide and iodate were detected in the southern section of the Bay. In only two samples were iodide, iodate and the ‘new’ form of iodine found to coexist. Iodide and organic iodine are probably cycled in the surface waters of the northern section of the Bay via a combination of biogeochemical and photochemical processes which produce the reactive intermediates, molecular iodine and hypoiodous acid. These react quickly with reduced inorganic and organic compounds to maintain the reduced forms of iodine in the water column. Only total iodine is conservative throughout the estuary. The inorganic iodine forms can be used as geochemical tracers.
Cell models for interstitial solid solutions

Abstract A statistical mechanical treatment is presented for ternary solid solutions in which an interstitial species is dissolved in a binary substitutional solvent lattice. The interstitial atoms occupy distinguishable cells (interstitial sites) in the f.c.c. lattice having differing numbers of substitutional atoms in the first coordination shell. The distribution of the interstitial species is subject to Fermi-Dirac statistics. In the high-temperature limit the system approximates to Maxwell-Boltzmann behavior. The thermodynamic properties of the system are discussed in this limit. The applications of this model and simplified forms of it, are discussed with respect to ternary metal-interstitial solutions.
On colorings of finite projective planes

Abstract Using counting arguments we extend previous results concerning the coloring of lines in a finite projective plane of order n whose points are n-colored.
Ultrasonic measurements of Vp and Qp: relaxation spectrum of complex modulus on basalt melts

Abstract Ultrasonic compressional wave velocity V p and quality factor Q p have been measured in alkali basalt, olivine basalt and basic andesite melts in the frequency range of 3.4–22 MHz and in the temperature range of 1100–1400°C. Velocity and attenuation of the melts depend on frequency and temperature, showing that there are relaxation mechanisms in the melts. Complex moduli are calculated from the ultrasonic data. The results fit well a complex modulus of Arrhenius temperature dependence with log-normal Gaussian distribution in relaxation times of attenuation. The analysis yields average relaxation time, its activation energy, relaxed modulus, unrelaxed modulus and width of Gaussian distribution in relaxation times. Relaxed modulus is smaller (17.5 GPa) for basic andesite melt of high silica and high alumina contents than for the other two basalt melts (18.1–18.4 GPa). The most probable relaxation times decrease from ∼ 3 × 10 −10 s for basic andesite to ∼ 10 −11 s for alkali basalt at 1400°C. Activation energies of attenuation, ranging from 270 to 340 kJ mol −1 in the three melts, are highest in basic andesite. Longitudinal viscosity values and their temperature dependences are also calculated from V p and Q p data. The volume viscosity values are estimated from the data using the shear viscosity values. Longitudinal, volume and shear viscosities and their activation energies are highest in the basic andesite melt of the most polymerized structure.
Leadership styles and Deming's behavior factors

Although total quality management scholars, including W. Edwards Deming, consider leadership to be important, there has been little work which considers linkages between specific leadership styles and TQM behaviors/policies. This paper examines the relationship between a full range of leadership styles (Bass & Avolio, 1994) including laissez-faire, management-by-exceptionpassive, management-by-exception-active, transactional and transformational leadership, and five specific TQM behavior factors derived from Deming's (1986) Fourteen Points, i.e., change agency, teamwork, trust-building, short-term goal eradication and continuous improvement.