cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Jesuit Values, Ignatian Pedagogy, and Service Learning: Catalysts for Transcendence and Transformation Via Action Research

The focus of this paper is the transformative and transcendental nature of the service learning experience for Regis University graduate education students, in the Education Research Methods and Critical Reflection course (EDRS600). In an eight-week intensive framework, the course is a unique combination of Jesuit values, Ignatian pedagogy, service learning, and action research. Via the mechanism of reflection, inherent in the Ignatian pedagogy and the process of their work and action research at their service learning sites, students often experience transcendence and transformation that further aligns them with Jesuit values and prepares them to be ethical, connected, proactive members of their professional communities.
Cryogenic safety aspect of the low -\beta magnet systems at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)

The low -\beta magnet systems are located in the LHC insertion regions around the four interaction points. They are the key elements in the beams focusing/defocusing process and will allow proton collisions at a luminosity of up to 10**34/cm**2s. Large radiation dose deposited at the proximity of the beam collisions dictate stringent requirements for the design and operation of the systems. The hardware commissioning phase of the LHC was completed in the winter of 2010 and permitted to validate this system safe operation. This paper presents the analysis used to qualify and quantify the safe operation of the low -\beta magnet systems in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the first years of operation.
1‐(Butylseleno)‐1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8‐heptadecafluoro octane

[671801-86-8] C12H9F17Se (MW 555.13) InChI = 1S/C12H9F17Se/c1-2-3-4-30-12(28,29)10(23,24)8(19,20)6(15,16)5(13,14)7(17,18)9(21,22)11(25,26)27/h2-4H2,1H3 InChIKey = KHNUKAHAPMNFDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (organoselenium reagent for the preparation of a fluorous seleninic acid as organocatalyst for allylic oxidation and oxidation of aryl alkyl ketones to ketoacids) Alternate Names: perfluorooctyl butyl selenide; butyl perfluorooctyl selenide. Physical Data: mp 135–137 °C. Solubility: due to its fluorous nature this selenium reagent may not dissolve well in common organic solvents; soluble in fluorous solvents such as perfluorohexanes, benzotrifluoride, and hexafluoro-2-propanol. Form Supplied in: oily material when prepared as described below. Preparative Method: 1-(butylseleno)-1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluoro octane 11, 2 can be conveniently prepared by the reaction of perfluorooctyl iodide and dibutyl diselenide in the presence of sodium hydroxymethylsulfinate (Rongalite) according to a general procedure described by Magnier et at. (eq 1).3 (1) Dibutyl diselenide (1.20 g, 4.41 mmol) was dissolved in DMF (15.0 mL) under nitrogen. Perfluorooctyl iodide (2.36 mL, 8.80 mmol), prewashed with a 10% aqueous solution of Na2S2O5 was added followed by water (0.5 mL). Sodium hydroxymethanesulfinate (2.04 g, 13.2 mmol) was then introduced in portions over 3 h. The solution was stirred at room temperature for 20 h and extracted with Et2O. The organic layer was washed with 5% aqueous NaHCO3 and water, and dried over Na2SO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The product was purified by flash chromatography on silica gel using hexanes as eluent to afford 4.15 g of the selenide (85%). Handling, Storage, and Precautions: due to potential toxicity, care should be taken when handling organoselenium compounds. Direct contact of this reagent with skin should be avoided.
Earthquake location for small networks using the generalized inverse matrix

Abstract The usual method of earthquake location which minimizes the sum of the squared residuals fails when the number of known arrival times is less than the number of location parameters. A generalized inverse matrix A† exists which yields a solution A†b of minimum Euclidean length to the condition equations Ax = b. (This situation often arises in geodesy.) Because the rank of A equals the number of rows, which is one less than the number of columns, the computation of the appropriate A† is very simple for only three stations. A worked example is given for the relocation of the trial position of an explosion using two stations.
Rapid Detection Tool for Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE) Directly from Human Specimens

A new, simple, and one-step tool for the direct detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterocococcus (VRE) EPI-V® (Pilots Point LLC, Sarasota, FL) is presented. It contains all the ingredients in a unique stable powder form in a standard test tube. One only needs to add water, inoculate the specimen, and incubate. Specimens consisted of 553 sequential human rectal/perirectal swabs for VRE surveillance. The presence of VRE was denoted by the production of two sequential color changes corresponding to growth in bile-esculin and production of a positive PYR reaction. The EPI-V® tool was compared to reference VRE detection methods. EPI-V® showed a sensitivity of 102% and a specificity of 98.4% for the detection of VRE. The EPI-V® tool offers significant advantages: no skilled technologist time required, simple quality control, highly conserved incubator and refrigerator space, and low cost.
POLARIZATION DEPENDENCE OF PHONON INDUCED DESORPTION OF He ATOMS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

We directly observe the desorption of He atoms from a thin film on the surface of a solid by both longitudinal and transverse ballistic phonons. Ballistic propagation of the He atoms, sound in the vapor and second sound in the bulk liquid are all separately observed. Comparison of the data reveals that the efficiency of conversion of L and T phonons is the same for these three different modes of coupling.
Predicting regional space-time variation of PM2.5 with land-use regression model and MODIS data.

Purpose Existing land-use regression (LUR) models use land use/cover, population, and traffic information to predict long-term intra-urban variation of air pollution. These models are limited to explaining spatial variation of air pollutants, and few of them are capable of addressing temporal variability. This article proposes a space–time LUR model at a regional scale by incorporating aerosol optical depth (AOD) data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).
Best Approximation of Finite Sets in Normed Linear Spaces

In a Hilbert space, or in general, in a uniformly convex Banach space E, if K is a closed convex subset of E and a ∊ E, then there is a unique point x 0 ∊ K, called the best approximation of a in K, such that . In this paper, we consider the more general problem when a is replaced by a finite subset A = {a 1 a 2,…an } of a normed linear space E.
THE MOTOR AREAS AND PYRAMID TRACT IN THE CANADIAN PORCUPINE (ERETHIZON DORSATUS, LINN.)

In the Canadian porcupine the cerebral cortex was exposed on the left side and the motor region located by electrical stimulation. Areas were found and mapped out, excitation of which led to movements of the tail; hind-limb; body; fore-limb; face, mouth, and tongue; head and eyes. In no case out of seven experiments was there failure to obtain responses from each of these areas. Although the movements were readily induced, it was found difficult to delimit the areas with accuracy, because of their tendency to overlap at the margins. In six, out of the seven individuals stimulated, the entire motor region on the left side was removed, and the resulting degeneration followed by the Marchi method. In the midbrain, pons, and upper part of the medulla oblongata, the degenerated pyramid tract is found to occupy the usual position. Many fibres leave the main mass in the crusta and pass into the tegmentum, and there is much fine degeneration scattered amongst the cells of the nuclei pontis. There is evidently an extensive connexion between the cerebral cortex and the grey matter of these regions. In its passage through the pons the tract forms a compact bundle, which is not broken up by the transverse pontine fibres to the same extent as in the cat, dog, and monkey. In the lower part of the medulla oblongata most of the fibres decussate into the dorsal column of the opposite side, a few, however, passing into the lateral column of that side. Some fibres pass into the dorsal column of the same (lesion) side, and a considerable number continue downwards into the spinal cord in the ventral column, forming a well-marked tract extending along the margin of the ventral median fissure. Several bundles of fibres on both sides end in the formatio reticularis at the base of the substantia gelatinosa of Rolando. There are thus in the porcupine four pyramid tracts entering the spinal cord, viz. the crossed dorsal pyramid tract, the crossed lateral pyramid tract, the direct dorsal pyramid tract, and the direct ventral pyramid tract. Arranged according to their importance, that is, judging by the number of fibres which they contain, the order is— crossed dorsal, direct ventral, direct dorsal, crossed lateral. The crossed lateral tract disappears in the mid-thoracic region, between the seventh and tenth segments; the direct dorsal and ventral between the second and fifth lumbar segments; while the crossed dorsal tract can be followed to the lower end of the sacral region. The decussation takes place at a low level in the medulla oblongata, much of it extending into the upper cervical segment of the spinal cord. It is also less abrupt than in some other animals with a crossed dorsal pyramid tract (e.g. the squirrel and chipmunk) which the writer has had the opportunity of examining. In conclusion, I desire to express my indebtedness to Mr A. E. Livingston for assistance rendered at the operations.
Systematics of isolated populations of short-tailed shrews (Soricidae: Blarina) in Texas

Abstract Two isolated and taxonomically unassigned populations of short-tailed shrews (Blarina) exist in Texas, 1 in the Lost Pines region including Bastrop County and 1 at Aransas National Wildlife Refuge on the Gulf Coast. Molecular and morphological methods were used to determine the systematic status of the 2 disjunct Texas populations. Multivariate analyses of size-influenced cranial measurements were unsuccessful in identifying specimens from these populations at the species level. Phylogenetic analyses of the mitochondrial cytochrome-b gene revealed that the samples from disjunct Texas populations form a monophyletic sister clade to B. hylophaga from Kansas and Nebraska; there is little divergence between the 2 Texas populations. Genetic divergence between Texas and Kansas–Nebraska B. hylophaga is comparable to taxonomically recognized east–west divisions within B. brevicauda and B. carolinensis. Therefore, the name Blarina hylophaga plumbea, which originally was applied to the Aransas County popul...
Deep-sea current flow in the Late Cretaceous Caribbean: Measurements on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands

Abstract New measurements of sedimentary structures in rocks on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands, record deep-ocean currents in the northeastern part of the Caribbean during the Late Cretaceous. Flow was directed toward the west, a direction parallel to the surface circulation in this region. Paleocurrent analysis of marine volcaniclastic sections of Late Cretaceous age reveals a two-phase depositional pattern: primary emplacement by turbidity currents flowing toward the south, and the subsequent reworking of these layers by W-flowing bottom currents. Sands were first transported to lower slope aprons, and these were then reworked along bathymetric contours by bottom water flow, probably driven by thermohaline processes. At the end of the Cretaceous, the paleo-Atlantic was much narrower and the Caribbean configuration considerably different than at present. The abundance of current-reworked turbidites and bioturbation structures, however, provide clear evidence of active deep water circulation in the tectonically active island arc setting, and the maintenance of oxygenated conditions on the sea floor, as at present.
Depression, II: Localization of Pathophysiology

In depression, neuronal activity patterns change in several regions in the human brain. These changes mark the regions that are putatively involved in the expression of the symptoms of depression or the maintenance of the mood disorder. The image on the far left shows some of these regions and is a comparison of neuronal activity (measured by using positron emission tomography with fluro-deoxyglucose) between volunteers with unipolar depression and healthy comparison subjects. The regions of hypometabolism in the depressed patients include the dorsal and ventral prefrontal cortex (F9/46), the inferior parietal region (P40), and the anterior cingulate cortex (CG24) as well as the anterior insula and posterior cingulate (not shown). There is an overlap of abnormalities in these regions in persons with unipolar depression and those with depression and Parkinson’s disease, suggesting that the mood change itself, not the overall diagnosis, accounts for the change in activity patterns. Since mental functions subserved by these areas are adversely affected in actively depressed persons (e.g., seen in altered cognitive performance), these observations hold face validity in addition to their experimental demonstration. Beyond these findings, we were interested in identifying brain regions that would vary with treatment response and eventual depression remission. Thus, we analyzed pretreatment regional neuronal activity as a function of treatment outcome. As displayed in the other three images, a discrete area in the rostral cingulate cortex (CG24a) predicted eventual treatment response. In those who responded, glucose metabolic activity in this area was high; in nonresponders, it was low, measured prospectively. In persons in full remission, increased activity in this region persisted, suggesting a central role for this region in relation to the normalization of cortical and paralimbic dysfunction that accompanies recovery from depression. The presence of this metabolic signature may prove useful in identifying those at risk for a nonresponding disease course.
Self and Society: Social Change and Individual Development

How does his social environment change an individual, and why do these changes occur? Can social institutions be shaped and molded profoundly enough to afford each member of a society his maximum potential for happiness, effective functioning, and complete development? In this new work a distinguished psychologist evolves a theory of personality and society designed to help guide the work of institutions responsible for individual growth and development. Drawing on his vast experience--as an educator, a prison psychologist, a practicing psychoanalyst, and as the director of major studies in child development, personality assessment, the social psychology of higher education, and alcoholism and related problems--Professor Sanford has designed a developmental model intended to guide work in institutions which mold the individual: from family through schools, colleges, child guidance clinics, and mental hospitals. With exceptional lucidity, he examines the central issues in furthering desirable change through intervention in individual and group processes. He achieves notable advances in integrating personality theory and sociological theory: he joins psychoanalytic "ego psychologists" and other personality theorists in developing a dynamic-organismic theory broader than that of classical psychoanalysis and more in keeping with contemporary social theory. The author's clear style and firm grasp of his subject add further to the significance of Self and Society. It will be a stimulating textbook in social psychology, personality, and culture, and personality, and will make indispensable reading for behavioral scientists, psychiatrists, and educators, as well as for all professionals who work to promote mental health, education and social welfare.
The combustion of unsupported heptane/hexadecane mixture droplets at low gravity

The results of an experimental study of the effect of fuel composition on burning of unsupported droplets in a reduced gravity environment are reported. The liquids studied were mixtures of heptane and hexadecane. The experiments were conducted in a drop tower which provided an experimental observation time of about 1.2 s. The experimental technique consisted of projecting a test droplet within a closed container in a near vertical trajectory and then releasing a camera positioned at the apex of the droplet's trajectory, the combustion chamber containing the droplet, and associated instrumentation into free fall when the droplet reached the apex. In this way the test droplet was effectively captivated with respect to the moving frame of reference. Some droplets occasionally drifted with respect to the camera during free fall, and this motion corresponded to a droplet Reynolds number of the order of .01 or smaller. The evolution of droplet diameter was similar to that of the classical “d2” law, though with some evidence of droplet heating and extinction being revealed for some of the liquids. Microexplosions were not observed for the range of compositions studied.
Temporal changes in open-field activity following progressive lesions of entorhinal cortex: evidence for enhanced recovery.

Simultaneous bilateral lesions of the entorhinal cortex typically result in an increase in locomotor activity followed by a decline toward control levels. The present investigation evaluated the effects of “progressive” or “serial” entorhinal lesions on open-field activity. Progressive lesions were made by destroying either the medial or lateral portion of entorhinal cortex bilaterally during one operation and then destroying the remaining portion 11–15 days later. By contrast, serial lesions were made by destroying the entorhinal cortex totally on one side during one operation and then destroying the contralateral side 15 days later. Progressive lesions enhanced the rate and extent of the decline in activity, whereas serial lesions did not. Interoperative testing experience did not appreciably alter the pattern of changes in activity following either type of lesion. The present results indicate that progressive (but not serial) lesions of entorhinal cortex enhance behavioral recovery, and that the degree of recovery following such lesions may be related to the spatial and temporal pattern of sprouting in the hippocampus.
Bleeding duodenal ulcer in infancy: Asurgical problem

Summary 1. Two cases in female infants under 1 year of age are reported successfully treated by surgery during acute hemorrhage. 2. Bleeding duodenal ulcer should always be seriously considered in thedifferential diagnosis of gastrointestinal hemorrhage in infancy. 3. Hematemesis is not a necessary criterion to establish the diagnosis. 4. The margin of safety in conservative treatment of this condition of the infant is considerably reduced in contrast to that of the adult. 5. The advances in preoperative and postoperative care combined with modern surgical technique remove this condition from the hopeless field of therapy.
Assessing the impact of imprisonment on recidivism

There is debate about the extent to which imprisonment deters reoffending. Further, while there is a large literature on the effects of imprisonment, methodologically sound and rigorous studies are the exception due to problematic sample characteristics and study designs. This paper assesses the effect of imprisonment on reoffending relative to a prison diversion program, Community Control, for over 79,000 felons sentenced to state prison and 65,000 offenders sentenced to Community Control between 1994 and 2002 in Florida. The effect of imprisonment on recidivism is examined within one-, two-, and three-year follow-up periods using Logistic Regression, Precision Matching, and Propensity Score Matching. Findings indicate that imprisonment exerts a criminogenic effect and that this substantive conclusion holds across all three methods. The main contribution of this study is that various methods yield results that are at least in a similar direction and support overall conclusions of prior literature that imprisonment has a criminogenic effect on reoffending compared to non-incarcerative sanctions. Limitations and directions for future research are noted.
On the possibility of resonant transfer processes in nuclear reactions

Small-angle elastic particle-transfer processes in nuclear reactions are discussed, using Li/sup 6/ bombarded by deuterons or alpha particles as an example. Li/sup 6/ may be thought of as being composed of He/sup 4/ + d, and the possibility of transfer of the d to the incident alpha , or of the He/sup 4/ to the incident d, is explored. The existence of the transfer is dependent on the collision time between the incident and target particles, and on the time required for the particle transfer to occur. The possibllity of a back-and-forth shuttling of the resonantly transferred particle is also considered. (T.F.H.)
Experimental nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin G versus cyclosporin A

Experimental nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and pharmacokinetics of cyclosporin G versus cyclosporin A. Cyclosporin G (CsG) is an analogue of cyclosporin A (CsA) with strong immunosuppressive activity. We compared these two drugs in a rat model in which salt depletion promotes irreversible renal interstitial fibrosis with renal dysfunction in animals given CsA for three weeks. When both drugs were given in the same dosage on a weight basis (15 mg/kg/day, subcutaneously), CsA blood levels were higher than CsG (3305 vs. 1824 ng/ml, P
Detection of Phase Characteristics of Alpha Waves in the Electroencephalogram

A method of obtaining a continuous record of the average center frequency of the EEG and the instantaneous phase fluctuations about that average is described. A phase-locked loop with a wide range phase detector has been implemented on a hybrid computer for this purpose. This new technique provides another way to extract information from the EEG and tends to emphasize the time-varying features of such recordings.
Attitudes Towards Multinationals: The Middle East in the World Context

Introduction The purpose of this article is to examine the evolution of the attitudes of Middle Eastern countries towards foreign direct investment and, more specifically, towards multinational corporations. It is important from the point of view of both the multinationals and the host countries to know whether the climate is becoming more favourable for foreign direct investment. Such a situation would mean less risk for the foreign investor and, other things being equal, a lower cost of capital which would reduce costs for both the foreign investor and the host country.
The characteristics of CdS x Se 1-x thin-film transistors

Thin-film transistors were fabricated using CdS x Se 1-x semiconducting alloys prepared by flash evaporation of the mixture of CdS and CdSe compounds.
Short communication: Hepatic gene expression for gluconeogenic enzymes in lactating dairy cows treated with bovine somatotropin.

Eight lactating Holstein dairy cows (80 d in milk) were used to examine the effects of exogenous bovine somatotropin (bST) on hepatic contents of mRNA encoding pyruvate carboxylase (PC), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), and microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP). Concentrations of bST in plasma were higher and milk production increased 20% in bST-treated cows. Liver samples from cows treated with bST had significantly higher total lipid contents than those from control cows. Although there were small numerical tendencies, neither triglyceride concentrations in liver nor nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), or glucose in plasma differed significantly between bST-treated and control cows. Short-term bST treatment had no detectable effects on contents of PC, PEPCK, and MTP mRNA in the liver. In summary, exogenous bST stimulation of milk production is not mediated through enhanced liver gluconeogenesis, but may involve partitioning of glucose and fatty acids for preferential use by the mammary gland.
Scattering in the quasiperiodic and chaotic regimes

Abstract The results of a quasiclassical investigation of the scattering process for a collinear collision between a particle and two coupled anharmonic oscillators is reported. The energy transfer was found to fall at the critical energy where the oscillators made the transition from quasiperiodic to chaotic motion.
Alterations in Diastolic Function in Masked Hypertension: Findings from the Masked Hypertension Study

BACKGROUND In a prior study of patients with diabetes, diastolic function was similarly impaired in masked hypertension (MHT) and sustained hypertension (SHT). We evaluated whether MHT is associated with impaired diastolic function compared with SHT and sustained normotension (NT) in the general population.
Cultural Attitudes, Knowledge, and Skills of a Health Workforce

This study describes cultural attitudes, knowledge, and skill of 409 health care workers using the Ethnic Attitude Scale, the Cultural Self-Efficacy Scale, and a demographic inventory. Findings suggest cultural knowledge and educational preparation of the health worker may influence cultural skills. Workers that were most confident in their cultural skills in working with other cultural groups were more confident in knowledge of cultural concepts and had higher education levels. The results also suggest gaps in workers' knowledge of other cultures and how to care for them in culturally sensitive ways. Educational interventions may enhance workers' knowledge. Whether such enhanced knowledge yields improved patient care outcomes remains to be answered.
Impact of iceberg C‐19 on Ross Sea primary production

[1] For the second time in 26 months, a large iceberg (C-19) calved off the face of the Ross Ice Shelf. Rather than breaking up, as did its predecessor B-15, the iceberg C-19 remained largely intact, eventually stopping temporarily near Pennell Bank before moving out of the southwestern Ross Sea. The presence of C-19 restricted advection of sea ice out of the region, resulting in unusually high sea ice cover during the spring and summer. Consequently, phytoplankton blooms in the region were diminished dramatically and primary production was reduced by over 90%, relative to normal years. Calving events over the last two decades indicate that reduced primary productivity may be a typical consequence of large icebergs that drift through the southwestern Ross Sea during spring and summer.
Ventral onlay buccal mucosal grafts for anterior urethral strictures: long-term followup.

ABSTRACTPurpose: We present our long-term experience with buccal mucosal grafts, placed ventrally, for the treatment of anterior urethral strictures.Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients with anterior urethral strictures underwent urethral reconstruction using buccal mucosa as a ventral onlay graft, with 18 grafts placed in the bulbar and 5 in the penile urethra. All operations were performed in 1 stage by a single surgeon (NAA). Mean graft length was 4.9 cm (range 3 to 12). International Prostate Symptom Score and uroflowmetry were obtained preoperatively, at 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and annually thereafter. Urethral imaging was obtained preoperatively, at catheter removal and selectively thereafter.Results: Patients were followed for a mean of 50 months (range 17 to 94). Etiology of the strictures was instrumentation (in 9), idiopathic (in 9), prior hypospadias repair (in 2), urethritis (in 2) and trauma (in 1). Of the 23 patients 21 (91%) were previously treated for urethral strictur...
A simple comparative test of multiple versus single-centered spherical gaussians

HeH++ was selected as a simple model for the comparison of relative efficiencies of single and multi-centered Gaussian functions in computing molecular orbitals and their corresponding energies. One-, two-, and three-center linear combinations of twelve basis functions were applied to the calculation of potential curves for the ground state and lowest two excited sigma states of HeH++. A point-by-point comparison was made with the same states generated by an exact solution calculation. This comparison demonstrated that the multi-centered functions were capable of reproducing energy minima, potential curve crossings and dissociation modes in agreement with the exact calculation. The single center functions were not capable of duplicating this behavior.
Autocrine A2 in the T-system of ventricular myocytes creates transmural gradients in ion transport: a mechanism to match contraction with load?

Transmural heterogeneities in Na/K pump current (IP), transient outward K+-current (Ito), and Ca2+-current (ICaL) play an important role in regulating electrical and contractile activities in the ventricular myocardium. Prior studies indicated angiotensin II (A2) may determine the transmural gradient in Ito, but the effects of A2 on IP and ICaL were unknown. In this study, myocytes were isolated from five muscle layers between epicardium and endocardium. We found a monotonic gradient in both Ip and Ito, with the lowest currents in ENDO. When AT1Rs were inhibited, EPI currents were unaffected, but ENDO currents increased, suggesting endogenous extracellular A2 inhibits both currents in ENDO. IP- and Ito-inhibition by A2 yielded essentially the same K0.5 values, so they may both be regulated by the same mechanism. A2/AT1R-mediated inhibition of IP or Ito or stimulation of ICaL persisted for hours in isolated myocytes, suggesting continuous autocrine secretion of A2 into a restricted diffusion compartment, like the T-system. Detubulation brought EPI IP to its low ENDO value and eliminated A2 sensitivity, so the T-system lumen may indeed be the restricted diffusion compartment. These studies showed that 33–50% of IP, 57–65% of Ito, and a significant fraction of ICaL reside in T-tubule membranes where they are transmurally regulated by autocrine secretion of A2 into the T-system lumen and activation of AT1Rs. Increased AT1R activation regulates each of these currents in a direction expected to increase contractility. Endogenous A2 activation of AT1Rs increases monotonically from EPI to ENDO in a manner similar to reported increases in passive tension when the ventricular chamber fills with blood. We therefore hypothesize load is the signal that regulates A2-activation of AT1Rs, which create a contractile gradient that matches the gradient in load.
Psychosocial Rehabilitation Services in Community Support Systems: A Review of Outcomes and Policy Recommendations

OBJECTIVE: This review examines the place of psychosocial rehabilitation services within community support systems in light of the need for mental health service systems to develop policies to direct the use of limited resources. METHODS: Literature reporting experimental or quasi-experimental outcome studies of psychosocial rehabilitation interventions for persons with severe and persistent mental illnesses was reviewed, with a focus on skills training, family psychoeducation, and supported employment. A meta-analysis of the findings from recent outcomes studies was done. An integrative cost-outcome analysis examined allocation of resources among various levels of service intensity. RESULTS: The clinical characteristics and service needs of persons with serious and persistent mental illness vary significantly throughout the life cycle and course of the illness. Outcomes research strongly supports use of psychosocial rehabilitation but is insufficiently developed to determine the effects of service compon...
Pulsed-PECVD Films from Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane for Use as Insulating Biomaterials

Thin films produced by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have potential application as conformal coatings on implantable devices with complex topologies and small dimensions. Coatings on such devices need to be biocompatible, insulating, and flexible enough to minimize static forces on the surrounding tissue. In this study, we describe the use of pulsed-PECVD to deposit thin films from hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3). Pulsed-PECVD is a method in which plasma excitation is modulated to favor deposition from neutral and radical species. Thin, conformal coatings were demonstrated on nonplanar substrates suitable for implantation, such as copper wires and neural probes. Coatings were resistant to prolonged immersion in warm saline solution, and wire coatings produced by pulsed-PECVD showed more flexibility than analogous coatings deposited by continuous-wave (CW) excitation. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that the mode of plasma excitation is important in de...
Quadrupole moment of the 2+ phonon and the structure of the odd mass spherical nuclei

Abstract The effect of the coupling to the quadrupole moment of the phonon on the structure of the odd mass nuclei is shown to be of great importance. In particular, it explains certain anomalous features in the low energy spectra of odd mass Ag-isotopes.
Blood and interstitial flow in the hierarchical pore space architecture of bone tissue

There are two main types of fluid in bone tissue, blood and interstitial fluid. The chemical composition of these fluids varies with time and location in bone. Blood arrives through the arterial system containing oxygen and other nutrients and the blood components depart via the venous system containing less oxygen and reduced nutrition. Within the bone, as within other tissues, substances pass from the blood through the arterial walls into the interstitial fluid. The movement of the interstitial fluid carries these substances to the cells within the bone and, at the same time, carries off the waste materials from the cells. Bone tissue would not live without these fluid movements. The development of a model for poroelastic materials with hierarchical pore space architecture for the description of blood flow and interstitial fluid flow in living bone tissue is reviewed. The model is applied to the problem of determining the exchange of pore fluid between the vascular porosity and the lacunar–canalicular porosity in bone tissue due to cyclic mechanical loading and blood pressure. These results are basic to the understanding of interstitial flow in bone tissue that, in turn, is basic to understanding of nutrient transport from the vasculature to the bone cells buried in the bone tissue and to the process of mechanotransduction by these cells.
Complete order- α 3 calculation of the cross section for polarized Compton scattering

The construction of a computer code to calculate the cross sections for the spin-polarized processes ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\ensuremath{\gamma}}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}{,e}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{\gamma}{,e}^{\ensuremath{-}}{e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ to order ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{3}$ is described. The code calculates cross sections for circularly polarized initial-state photons and arbitrarily polarized initial-state electrons. The application of the code to the SLD Compton polarimeter indicates that the order-${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{3}$ corrections produce a fractional shift in the SLC polarization scale of $\ensuremath{-}0.1%$ which is too small and of the wrong sign to account for the discrepancy in the $Z$-pole asymmetries measured by the SLD Collaboration and the CERN LEP Collaborations.
Nematocladia tesserata genus et species novae (Myriniaceae)

Nematocladia tesserata is described from northeastern Mexico. It differs from other genera in the family in its gymnostomous condition. Its relationships are withHelicodontium andAustinia.
Instantaneous Optimal Control of Seismically-Excited Structures Using a Maximum Principle:

An optimal control scheme is proposed for linear dynamic system models, and the optimal control forces are derived using a maximum principle. Numerical examples are presented demonstrating the characteristics of the control scheme. An instantaneous extension to the optimal control method is proposed to deal with the unknown nature of seismic disturbances. Examples of the effectiveness of the method and a tradeoff curve are presented.
Sediment Characteristics Affecting Desorption kinetics of Select PAH and PCB Congeners for Seven Laboratory Spiked Sediments

Measures of desorption are currently considered important as potential surrogates for bioaccumulation as measures of the bioavailability of sediment-sorbed contaminants. This study determined desorption rates of four laboratory spiked compounds, benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP), 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP), and pyrene (PY), to evaluate the effect of sediment characteristics. The compounds were sorbed onto seven sediments with a broad range of characteristics. Desorption was measured by Tenax-TA extraction from aqueous sediment suspensions. Desorption rates were modeled using an empirical three compartment model describing operationally defined rapid, slow, and very slow compartments. The sediments were characterized for plant pigments, organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), lipids, NaOH extractable residue, lignin, amino acids, soot carbon, and particle size fractions. Desorption from the rapid compartment for each of the planar compounds BaP, PY, and TCBP was significantly correlated to sediment characteristics that could be considered to represent younger (i.e., less diagenetically altered) organic matter, e.g., plant pigment, lipid, and lignin contents. However, for these compounds there were no significant correlations between desorption and OC, TN, soot carbon, or amino acid contents. HCBP desorption was different from the three planar molecules. For HCBP, the flux from the rapid compartment was negatively correlated (0.1 > p > 0.05) with the OC content of the sediment. Overall, HCBP desorption was dominated by the amount of OC and the particle size distribution of the sediments, while desorption of the planar compounds was dominated more by the compositional aspects of the organic matter.
Intelligent Assembly Planning of Triaxial Products

The paper describes an approach to automatic generation of assembly sequences, which uses formal and heuristic knowledge in the area of assembly. A design process is envisioned where the engineer specifies individual part geometries and relates parts to each other to create assemblies. A computerized tool then analyzes the design and suggests sequences for assembling the product. The high-level modeling scheme is described first. Parts are represented in terms of their features, while products consist of parts related to each other through mating conditions. Automatic reasoning processes applied to the design representation plan selected assembly sequences in two stages: A graph transformation method generates an exploded view of the product and a rule-based procedure derives selected assembly sequences. An implementation for triaxial assemblies is described and demonstrated.
Significance of Vehicle Composition I: Relationship between Topical Vehicle Composition, Skin Penetrability, and Clinical Efficacy

The penetration of two topical steroids, fluocinolone acetonide and fluocinonide, through human abdominal skin was investigated for various propylene glycol‐water gels. Release, penetration, and in vivodata were compared as a function of vehicle composition. The similarity between the in vivoand in vitrocomposition profiles for both steroids suggested that clinical efficacy can be predicted from in vitro data and from the physical properties of the steroids. The correlations indicated that the in vivoresults were directly dependent upon penetrability.
Electrostatically actuated copper-blade microrelays

Abstract Electrostatically actuated microrelays have been fabricated. The structural material, copper, is electroformed onto patterned areas. The typical dimensions of a single-blade relay are 1.88 mm ×1 mm ×0.01 mm (length×width×thickness). Microrelays with connected sectioned blades have also been fabricated, which showed improvement in lowering contact resistance. It is believed that sectioned blades not rigidly connected together have better flexibility and more contact points. Fabricated relays are capable of carrying current loads of several amperes and are able to switch 1 A resistor loads. When switching off an inductive load, the energy stored in the motor coils will discharge through the relay gap and reduce the relay service life. Using a Zener diode as a discharge path for the inductive load increased the relay operation cycles. The time delay in making and breaking the contact is approximately 50 μs. To check the mechanical fatigue property, relays were used to switch a low load, 50 mA resistor load and were able to operate for more than 1.7×106 cycles without failure.
Modeling the lifetime costs of treating schizophrenia in Australia

Schizophrenia is arguably one of the most costly mental illnesses in terms of its impact on the economy, on the health system, and on patients and their families. This paper provides a framework for analyzing schizophrenia; this framework, in a limited data environment, generates estimates of the costs and outcomes of this disease based on location of treatment. This model differs from previous cost-of-illness studies in that it uses a Markov framework to estimate the incidence costs associated with schizophrenia based on a projected amount of a patient's lifetime spent in these treatment locations. The author believes this is the first time such a model has been developed and applied to estimating not only the community costs of schizophrenia but also the cost implications of treatment options and policy choices in Australia. Using a fundamental matrix solution, lifetime costs of illness are calculated and the principal cost drivers in schizophrenia treatment are identified.
Primordial power spectra from anisotropic inflation

We examine cosmological perturbations in a dynamical theory of inflation in which an Abelian gauge field couples directly to the inflaton, breaking conformal invariance. When the coupling between the gauge field and the inflaton takes a specific form, inflation becomes anisotropic and anisotropy can persist throughout inflation, avoiding Wald’s no-hair theorem. After discussing scenarios in which anisotropy can persist during inflation, we calculate the dominant effects of a small persistent anisotropy on the primordial gravitational wave and curvature perturbation power spectra using the “in-in” formalism of perturbation theory. We find that the primordial power spectra of cosmological perturbations gain significant direction dependence and that the fractional direction dependence of the tensor power spectrum is suppressed in comparison to that of the scalar power spectrum.
Clindamycin in Treatment of Aspiration Pneumonia in Children

Twenty-eight patients with anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections were treated with clindamycin alone or clindamycin with gentamicin. Sixteen of the patients presented with pneumonitis, nine with necrotizing pneumonia, and three with lung abscesses. The average length of treatment was 13.8 days, and the duration of temperature after initiation of therapy was 3.1 days. The predominant isolates were anaerobic gram-positive cocci (23 isolates), Bacteroides melaninogenicus (14), Bacteroides fragilis (9), and Fusobacterium nucleatum (11). The most frequent aerobic isolates were alpha-hemolytic streptococci (12), Diplococcus pneumoniae (12), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (9), Klebsiella pneumoniae (7), group A beta-hemolytic streptococci (5), Staphylococcus aureus (9), and Escherichia coli (6). All patients responded to the therapy and were cured of the infection. There were no side effects observed from the administration of clindamycin. None of the patients developed any blood dyscrasia, liver damage, diarrhea, or colitis. Clindamycin appears to be effective in the treatment of mixed aerobic and anaerobic pleuropulmonary infections in children, alone or with an aminoglycoside when indicated.
GENERALIZATION AND MAINTENANCE OF PRESCHOOL CHILDREN'S SOCIAL SKILLS: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND ANALYSIS

This paper summarizes the results of a retrospective review of generalization in the context of social skills research with preschool children. A review of studies from 22 journals (1976 to 1990) that assessed generalization as part of social interaction research provided information concerning the prevalence of studies that have assessed generalization, common practices concerning the production and assessment of generalization, and the overall success of obtaining generalization and maintenance of social behaviors. A comparison of the most and least successful studies, with respect to generalization, revealed some differences concerning the practices employed by studies within each group. Differences differentially related to the production of generalization are discussed and recommendations are provided to guide and support future research efforts.
Interface profile evolution between binary immiscible fluids induced by high magnetic field gradients

A mechanical analysis is done to find the evolution of the interface profile between binary immiscible fluids induced by a three-dimensional orthogonal magnetic field gradient. In the experiments, the changes of the interface profile between four groups of binary immiscible fluids are investigated under the same horizontal magnetic field gradients. The binary immiscible fluids are made of benzene and other liquids, like CuSO4, Fecl3, FeSO4 or Cucl2 aqueous solutions. In addition, the interface profile between the benzene and CuSO4 aqueous solution is examined under different horizontal magnetic field gradients. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical analysis. This study explains the enhanced Moses effect from a mechanics standpoint. Furthermore, a new method for susceptibility measurement is proposed based on this enhanced Moses effect.
Estimation of cardiac output and pulmonary vascular resistance by contrast echocardiography transit time measurement: a prospective pilot study

Studies with other imaging modalities have demonstrated a relationship between contrast transit and cardiac output (CO) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). We tested the hypothesis that the transit time during contrast echocardiography could accurately estimate both CO and PVR compared to right heart catheterization (RHC). 27 patients scheduled for RHC had 2D-echocardiogram immediately prior to RHC. 3 ml of DEFINITY contrast followed by a 10 ml saline flush was injected, and a multi-cycle echo clip was acquired from the beginning of injection to opacification of the left ventricle. 2D-echo based calculations of CO and PVR along with the DEFINITY-based transit time calculations were subsequently correlated with the RHC-determined CO and PVR. The transit time from full opacification of the right ventricle to full opacification of the left ventricle inversely correlated with CO (r = -0.61, p < 0.001). The transit time from peak opacification of the right ventricle to first appearance in the left ventricle moderately correlated with PVR (r = 0.46, p < 0.01). Previously described echocardiographic methods for the determination of CO (Huntsman method) and PVR (Abbas and Haddad methods) did not correlate with RHC-determined values (p = 0.20 for CO, p = 0.18 and p = 0.22 for PVR, respectively). The contrast transit time method demonstrated reliable intra- (p < 0.0001) and inter-observer correlation (p < 0.001). We describe a novel method for the quantification of CO and estimation of PVR using contrast echocardiography transit time. This technique adds to the methodologies used for noninvasive hemodynamic assessment, but requires further validation to determine overall applicability.
The design of an open data service architecture for cyber-physical systems

In this paper, we discuss the data management issues in cyber-physical systems, and propose an open data service architecture to address the problem.