cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GENETIC TARGET VALIDATION FOR ATP-CITRATE LYASE INHIBITION

Background: Bempedoic acid is a novel oral agent that reduces hepatic cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting ATP-citrate lyase (ACL) leading to upregulation of the LDL receptor and a reduction in plasma low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Although this mechanism of action is similar to that of
Affecting Lives: How Winning the US Diversity Visa Lottery Impacts DV Migrants Pre- and Post-Migration

Usual debates about the diversity visa (DV) programme revolve around the impact of DV initiated mass migration on African countries’ development, on whether the programme sufficiently diversifies U.S. immigrant streams, and on whether there is a tradeoff in immigrant quality for diversity. This article seeks to extend the focus of these debates by examining the impact of the diversity visa programme on DV migrants at the micro-level pre- and post-migration. Based on in-depth interviews with sixty-one diversity visa lottery winners from Ghana and Nigeria, the article examines how this immigration policy has become a contextual determinant of immigrant incorporation. It argues that an account of the impact of immigration policies on immigrants pre- and post-migration must be added to theorization of state agency in shaping migration flows. It concludes with a discussion on ways the diversity visa programme can be modified to facilitate incorporation of DV migrants in the United States.
Towards Autonomous Depth Perception for Surveillance in Real World Environments

We describe a system for autonomous depth perception for surveillance in real world environments. With the ever-increasing need for surveillance, human operators are facing a challenging task to track suspicious behavior while looking at a large number of videos in real-time. We present an autonomous suspicious object detection method using depth information obtained from the Microsoft Kinect sensor. The Kinect V2 sensor is capable of tracking six people at any time and provides their skeletal diagrams as output. We use this skeletal joints data to determine the hand position of people. The various hand gestures can be classified by training the system with the help of depth information generated by Kinect sensor. Our algorithm then works to detect and identify objects held in the human hand. The proposed system is compact and the complete video processing can be performed by a low-cost single board computer.
The Carloway Mill Harris Tweed: Tradition-Based Innovation for a Sustainable Future

Textile manufacturing, and within it Harris Tweed production, is as deeply ensconced into Scottish heritage as champagne is to French culture. Today, there are three Mills in Scotland that produce Harris Tweed (twill) fabric, which is then marketed worldwide for production of luxury clothing. The Harris Tweed industry, initially based exclusively on hand-made processes (dyeing, spinning, and weaving) was transformed in the mid-19th century into a more standardized process, still hand-crafted, and as impeccable as machine-made production methods. This led to the booming of demand for Harris Tweed, which essentially made that industry the base of the Outer Hebrides of Scotland’s economy through the 1970s. The decline of European textile industries that followed (Harris Tweed included) and the economic depression that ensued only proves how inextricably linked the local Scottish economy is to this unique type of craftsmanship. The Carloway Mill, one of the three remaining Mills, is under new leadership since 2005. The last ten years have proven critical for the Mill. Harris Tweed survived primarily because of its distinct traits and quality but also “because it is protected by an Act of Parliament limiting the use of the Orb trademark to hand woven tweeds made in the Outer Hebrides of Scotland.” In addition to governmental intervention, the new leadership took a bold approach to solving the issue of declining demand for the luxurious fabric by catalyzing an internal product development process. In other words, an industry that has relied on the same type of fabric for the last two hundred years has been revitalized from within and with the launch of the new lighter version of Harris Tweed invented exclusively at Carloway Mill. It is at that Mill that the art of weaving Harris Tweed, the culture of the local craftsmen, and the innovation that comes with a 21st century perspective on textile functionality will all contribute to the legacy of the evolving local craftsmanship. The impact of this innovative product on the local community and its economy is of tremendous significance as it also marks a transformative period in which sustainability is what drives the locals’ survival: they either introduce more positive changes into a legacy process of textile production or they suffer the financial and social repercussions that stagnation entails.
Simulated work loops predict maximal human cycling power

ABSTRACT Fish, birds and lizards sometimes perform locomotor activities with maximized muscle power. Whether humans maximize muscle power is unknown because current experimental techniques cannot be applied non-invasively. This study leveraged simulated muscle work loops to examine whether voluntary maximal cycling is characterized by maximized muscle power. The simulated work loops used experimentally measured joint angles, anatomically realistic muscle parameters (muscle–tendon lengths, velocities and moment arms) and a published muscle model to calculate power and force for 38 muscles. For each muscle, stimulation onset and offset were optimized to maximize muscle work and power for the complete shortening/lengthening cycle. Simulated joint power and total leg power (i.e. summed muscle power) were compared with previously reported experimental joint and leg power. Experimental power values were closely approximated by simulated maximal power for the leg [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC)=0.91], the hip (ICC=0.92) and the knee (ICC=0.95), but less closely for the ankle (ICC=0.74). Thus, during maximal cycling, humans maximize muscle power at the hip and knee, but the ankle acts to transfer (instead of maximize) power. Given that only the timing of muscle stimulation onset and offset were altered, these results suggest that human motor control strategies may optimize muscle activation to maximize power. The simulations also provide insight into biarticular muscle function by demonstrating that the power values at each joint spanned by a biarticular muscle can be substantially greater than the net power produced by the muscle. Our work-loop simulation technique may be useful for examining clinical deficits in muscle power production.
Die definite Sprache I

Die Methode der Syntax soll hier an zwei bestimmten symbolischen Sprachen als Objekt sprachen entwickelt werden. Die erste dieser Sprachen — wir nennen sie „Sprache I“ oder kurz „I“ — umfast auf mathematischem Grebiet die elementare Arithmetik der naturlichen Zahlen in einem gewissen beschrankten Umfang, wie er etwa denjenigen Auffassungen entspricht, die sich als konstruktivistisch, finitistisch oder intuitionistisch bezeichnen. Diese Beschrankung ist vor allem dadurch gekennzeichnet, das nur definite Zahleigenschaften vorkommen, d. h. solche, uber deren Vorliegen oder Nichtvorliegen fur eine beliebige Zahl stets in endlich vielen Schritten nach festem Verfahren entschieden werden kann. Wegen dieser Beschrankung nennen wir I auch eine definite Sprache; diese Sprache ist jedoch nicht definit in dem strengen Sinn, das jeder ihrer Satze definit, d. h. entscheidbar, ware. Spater werden wir die Sprache II behandeln, die I als Teilsprache enthalt. Sprache II enthalt auch indefinite Begriffe; sie umfast auch die Arithmetik der reellen Zahlen und die Analysis im Umfang der klassischen Mathematik, ferner die Mengenlehre.
Customer Bonding: Toward a More Formal Theoretical Perspective

Customer bonding is examined as a dynamic process that progresses through various stages. It is suggested that building buyer value may be a significant way to create higher levels of customer bonding, which can lead to long-term commitment and cooperative maintenance of a relationship by a buyer and a seller.
Abstract 1522: The CDK4/6 inhibitor G1T38 enhances response to targeted therapies in preclinical models of non-small cell lung cancer

The recent FDA approvals of palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib in breast cancer validate cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) as key therapeutic targets, and warrant investigations in other tumor types with frequently observed alterations in the CDK4/6 pathway. Towards this end, we assessed the preclinical antitumor efficacy of G1T38, an oral, potent, and selective small-molecule CDK4/6 inhibitor in clinical development, in models of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Importantly, preclinical studies have shown that G1T38 has a differentiated and potential best-in-class profile since it can be dosed continuously without causing severe neutropenia, which could result in better tumor efficacy. Initial efficacy screening of G1T38 in 60 patient-derived NSCLC xenografts revealed significant tumor growth inhibition (TGI), primarily in lung adenocarcinomas harboring frequently observed oncogenic alterations in KRAS, EGFR, BRAF, and ALK. In vitro analyses show that CDK4/6 inhibition enhances the antiproliferative effect of inhibitors targeting these oncogenes (or their signaling pathways), suggesting a possible role for G1T38 in augmenting response and/or delaying acquired resistance to agents currently utilized in the clinic. These results were validated in vivo in mouse NSCLC xenograft models with defined oncogenic alterations, including EGFR mutations. For example, in H1975 xenografts harboring EGFR L858R/T790M (the T790M mutation is responsible for over 50% of cases of acquired resistance to first-generation EGFR inhibitors), combination of G1T38 with erlotinib resulted in 77% TGI after 18 days–a significant improvement over either therapy alone. Moreover, in H1975 xenografts, G1T38 delayed resistance to the second-generation EGFR inhibitor afatinib, and upon development of resistance to afatinib monotherapy, addition of G1T38 to afatanib treatment resulted in stabilization of tumor growth. G1T38 also augmented the response of EGFR-mutant NSCLC xenografts to the third-generation EGFR inhibitor osimertinib, significantly enhancing TGI compared to either therapy alone. As a result, a safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy study of G1T38 + osimertinib (G1T38-03) is scheduled for initiation in 1Q18 in patients with EGFR-mutant, T790M-positive NSCLC. Additional efforts are ongoing to investigate the combination of G1T38 with targeted therapies in NSCLC murine models harboring alterations in KRAS, ALK, and BRAF. Together, our results suggest a compelling rationale for utilizing G1T38 as a backbone for multiple targeted therapy combination regimens in NSCLC. Citation Format: Jessica A. Sorrentino, Daniel M. Freed, John E. Bisi, Jay C. Strum, Patrick J. Roberts. The CDK4/6 inhibitor G1T38 enhances response to targeted therapies in preclinical models of non-small cell lung cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1522.
Endoscopic Assisted Retrosigmoid Approach for Cerebellopontine Angle Epidermoid Tumor.

This case is a 20-year-old male, who presented with 1 month of right facial weakness (HB4) and complaints of ipsilateral eye dryness. He was initially treated for Bell's palsy with steroids and antiviral agents, but subsequently developed diplopia with right lateral gaze and underwent an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging). MRI demonstrated a 4.5 cm irregular lesion in the right cerebellopontine angle consistent with an epidermoid cyst. Because the tumor had grown with the development of the central nervous system, it has extended into different compartments, including the tentorial incisura and pineal region. A predefined surgical corridor created by the tumor facilitated access to the majority of the tumor through a retrosigmoid approach. Angled endoscopes (30-degree up and down) provided further visualization of tumor away from the line of sight of the microscope, thus allowing for gross total resection of the lesion. This video also demonstrates a sharp dissection technique necessary for safe removal of adherent tumor from critical neurovascular structures, including the basilar artery and several cranial nerves. The ipsilateral auditory evoked responses (ABRs) showed slight improvement from baseline toward the end of the case. A gross total resection was achieved, as shown by the MRI. The patient remained at his baseline cranial nerve (CN) V, VII, and VIII deficits during the immediate postoperative period. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/vCq5juJh8hk .
How to Invent New Medical Devices

Further develop strong engineering skills, supplement with knowledge of medicine and biology. Acquire clinical problems requiring solutions from medical and biological professionals. Form design teams to solve those problems: review the literature, confer with experts, brainstorm all the possibilities, select the most promising solution, build it in the lab, test it, iterate, publish.
Vaccine-induced antibodies target sequestered viral antigens to prevent ocular HSV-1 pathogenesis, preserve vision, and preempt productive neuronal infection

The cornea is essential for vision yet highly sensitive to immune-mediated damage following infection. Generating vaccines that provide sterile immunity against ocular surface pathogens without evoking vision loss is therefore clinically challenging. Here, we tested a prophylactic live-attenuated vaccine against herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), a widespread human pathogen that can cause corneal blindness. Parenteral vaccination of mice resulted in sterile immunity to subsequent HSV-1 challenge in the cornea and suppressed productive infection of the nervous system. This protection was unmatched by a relevant glycoprotein subunit vaccine. Efficacy of the live-attenuated vaccine involved a T-dependent humoral immune response and complement C3 but not Fcγ-receptor 3 or interferon-α/β signaling. Proteomic analysis of viral proteins recognized by antiserum revealed an unexpected repertoire dominated by sequestered antigens rather than surface-exposed envelope glycoproteins. Ocular HSV-1 challenge in naive and subunit-vaccinated mice triggered vision loss and severe ocular pathologies including corneal opacification, scar formation, neovascularization, and sensation loss. However, corneal pathology was absent in mice receiving the live-attenuated vaccine concomitant with complete preservation of visual acuity. Collectively, this is the first comprehensive report of a prophylactic vaccine candidate that elicits resistance to ocular HSV-1 infection while fully preserving the cornea and visual acuity.
Analysis of a Shunt Wye–Delta Transformer for Multi-Generator Harmonic Elimination Under Non-Ideal Phase-Shift Conditions

A 12-pulse converter has been commonly used for a large-scale power generating system. The arrangement of a delta–delta (Δ–Δ) and a delta–wye (Δ–Y) phase-shift transformer pair in series with the voltage source eliminates undesirable harmonics from nonlinear loads. Recently, a novel front-end for a multi-generator power system was proposed, which utilizes a single Y–Δ transformer to shunt between the two 30° phase-shifted generator outputs and results in the comparable harmonic elimination performance to the conventional 12-pulse rectifier. The shunt-type Y–Δ transformer front-end achieves more than 75% transformer size reduction, making it extremely attractive to large-scale industrial and shipboard applications. However, the exact 30° phase shift between the two rotating generators can drift in a practical system, especially under dynamic conditions. The harmonic performance under the non-ideal 30° phase-shift condition can deteriorate with the Y–Δ shunt-type front-end. To understand the impact of non-ideal phase-shifted generator sources, this paper derives the mathematical models through the use of an equivalent circuit, a square-wave analysis, and the phasor representation to show the harmonic cancellation principle and verifies the results with the computer simulation.
Executive Compensation: If There's a Problem, What's the Remedy? The Case for

High levels of executive compensation have triggered an intense debate over whether compensation results primarily from competitive pressures in the market for managerial services or from managerial overreaching. Profs. Lucian Bebchuk and Jesse Fried have advanced the debate with their recent book, Pay Without Performance: The Unfulfilled Promise of Executive Compensation, which forcefully argues that the current compensation levels are best explained by managerial rent-seeking, not by arm's length bargaining designed to create the optimum pay and performance nexus. This paper expresses three sorts of reservations with their analysis and advances its own proposals. First, maximizing shareholder value is not, as a positive or normative matter, a sufficient framework for understanding the controversy or devising a remedy. Second, many of the compensation practices identified by Bebchuk and Fried as veritable smoking guns of managerial power may have benign explanations. Third, even accepting that the present corporate governance apparatus needs improvement in the executive compensation area, the better remedy is not a wholesale expansion of shareholder power, but a tailored serious of measures designed to bolster the independence in fact of the compensation committee. Most important, the SEC should require proxy disclosure of a Compensation Discussion and Analysis statement (CD&A) signed by the members of the compensation committee (or by the responsible independent directors for firms without a compensation committee). Such a CD&A ought to collect and summarize all compensation elements for each senior executive, providing bottom line analysis. This process ownership, reputation-staking, and publicity will strengthen the committee's hand against managerial pressure and will elicit both shareholder and public responses that necessarily contribute to the compensation bargain. In addition to the CD&A, serious thought should be given to a shareholder approval vote on the CD&A, following the new UK practice.
Bohemian but Not Anti-bourgeois

This chapter draws on interview and observational data to offer an analysis of the various ways in which Fishtown/Kensington’s artistic community maintains a lifestyle that is consistent with characteristics closely associated with the bohemian tradition. Specifically, it details the ways in which this community has supported L’art pour l’art (‘art for art’s sake’), alternative artistic venues, low cost living within a relatively low-cost urban neighborhood, artistic discussions, and the use of artistic skills in DIY (Do-It-Yourself) projects. It also discusses the tendency of the community’s artists to deny that they or their community exhibits a bohemian lifestyle and argues that such denial is itself consistent with bohemian tradition. It then demonstrates (and highlights) that this artistic community has completely eschewed the anti-bourgeois antagonism that sparked the original bohemia, and that has been reinvented, in various ways, within classical, contemporary, and neo-bohemia. Finally, it maintains that this community has largely eschewed the grit as glamour orientation that has often constituted an important theme within contemporary research on bohemia.
Association of low P27 with loss of hormone receptors in small (T1a/b) breast cancers

624 Background: P27kip1 is a nuclear protein that controls the cell cycle by inhibiting cyclin dependent kinases. In breast cancer cell lines, both estrogen and her-2/neu degrade p27 through the ub...
Boundary Detection Using a Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Multiscale Spatial Data

Spatial boundary analysis has attained considerable attention in several disciplines including engineering, shape analysis, spatial statistics, and computer science. The inferential question of int...
Endothelial Health and Delirium

The endothelium plays an integral role in the regulation of perfusion, immune cell activation and inflammation, coagulation, and maintenance of the blood-brain barrier. Disruption of each of these processes is common in critical illness and may potentially contribute to the development of delirium in patients. There are several known associations between delirium and endothelial function markers such as decreased microvascular perfusion, increased blood-brain barrier disruption, increased endothelial activation, and altered coagulation. These are consistent with biologically plausible pathophysiology and provide clues to the mechanisms underlying delirium, but there remains a large knowledge gap in understanding the specific mechanisms linking endothelial dysfunction to delirium.
Data-driven planning support system for a campus design:

The paper aims to develop a campus-level planning support system that is driven by data analytics by comparing two design approaches, anticipation and optimization. A campus is defined as a small-s...
Complex relationship between low albumin level and poor outcome after lower extremity procedures for peripheral artery disease.

Abstract Objective A low albumin level has been associated with poor outcome, including death, in surgical patients. The mechanistic relationship, however, is more complex than simply nutritional. As studies are scant in the vascular population, we sought to examine the association of low albumin level with outcomes in patients undergoing open and endovascular lower extremity procedures for peripheral artery disease. Methods Patients with peripheral artery disease undergoing lower extremity procedures (2008-2015) were selected from Cerner Health Facts database (Cerner Corporation, Kansas City, Mo) using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnosis and procedure codes. Age, sex, disease severity, and other comorbidities were captured. Outcomes were identified using codes and encounter data. A χ2analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results There were 6170 patients evaluated; 4562 (74%) underwent endovascular procedures and 1608 (26%) underwent open surgery. Low albumin level ( Conclusions Low preoperative albumin levels are associated with in-hospital death, prolonged length of stay, and severe morbidity after open and endovascular lower extremity procedures. As the majority of lower extremity procedures are elective, serious consideration should be given to deferring elective procedures until albumin levels have been optimized. Because of the pleiotropic effects of albumin, including antiplatelet and inflammatory function, study of this complex relationship may offer insights into how best to integrate this novel biomarker into vascular surgery decision-making.
Identifying behaviorally robust strategies for normal form games under varying forms of uncertainty

Abstract Recent advances in behavioral game theory address a persistent criticism of traditional solution concepts that rely upon perfect rationality: equilibrium results are often inconsistent with empirical evidence. For normal form games, the Cognitive Hierarchy model is a solution concept based upon a sequential reasoning process, yielding accurate characterizations of experimental human game play. These characterizations are enabled by a statistically estimated parameter describing the average number of reasoning steps players utilize. If an arbitrary player were to know this parameter ex ante, they could maximize their expected payoff accordingly. However, given the nature of statistical estimation, such parameter point estimates are unknown prior to experimentation and are susceptible to error afterward. Therefore, we consider the normal form game as a decision problem from the perspective of an arbitrary player who is uncertain of opponents’ reasoning ability. Assuming such a player is confronting a set of boundedly rational opponents whose play is characterized by the Cognitive Hierarchy model, we develop a suite of six mathematical programming formulations to maximize the player’s minimum payoff, and we identify the appropriate formulation for the level of information regarding an opponent population’s reasoning ability. By leveraging robust optimization, stochastic programming, and distributionally robust optimization techniques, our set of models yields prescriptive strategies of play in a normal form game with incomplete knowledge regarding adversary rationality. A software package implementing these constructs is developed and applied to illustrative instances, demonstrating how behaviorally robust strategies vary in accordance with the underlying uncertainty.
Gendered Sexual Violence: Betrayal Trauma, Dissociation, and PTSD in Diverse College Students

Young adults’ transition into college includes risk for onset of mental health problems and sexual violence, particularly for women. Compared to men and boys, women and girls across the lifespan ar...
Effects of Cyanogenesis Polymorphism in Turnera ulmifolia on Euptoieta hegesia and Potential Anolis Predators

We examine the effects of the cyanogenesis polymorphism in Turnera ulmifolia on larvae, pupae, and adults of Euptoieta hegesia, the most damaging herbivore of T. ulmifolia in terms of tissue loss per unit time. We provide evidence that female E. hegesia do not show preference for host plants on the basis of their cyanogenesis level but do prefer T. ulmifolia over equally cyanogenic, closely related secondary host-plant species (Passiflora sp.). Similarly, cyanogenesis in T. ulmifolia has little effect on the food preference, growth, or development of the larvae. The potential host range of E. hegesia is limited, even within the genus Turnera, but this does not appear to be due to host-plant cyanogenesis. Pupae suffer very high mortality levels in the wild that are not associated with host-plant cyanogenesis, although our studies indicate that larvae are capable of sequestering cyanogenic glycosides from their host plants and possibly of synthesizing these or similar compounds. We provide evidence that the presence of sequestered cyanogenic compounds in the larvae protects them from terrestrial-based predators such as Anolis lizards
The Pseudomonas aeruginosa protease LasB directly activates IL-1β.

Author(s): Sun, Josh; LaRock, Doris L; Skowronski, Elaine A; Kimmey, Jacqueline M; Olson, Joshua; Jiang, Zhenze; O'Donoghue, Anthony J; Nizet, Victor; LaRock, Christopher N | Abstract: BackgroundPulmonary damage by Pseudomonas aeruginosa during cystic fibrosis lung infection and ventilator-associated pneumonia is mediated both by pathogen virulence factors and host inflammation. Impaired immune function due to tissue damage and inflammation, coupled with pathogen multidrug resistance, complicates the management of these deep-seated infections. Pathological inflammation during infection is driven by interleukin-1β (IL-1β), but the molecular processes involved are not fully understood.MethodsWe examined IL-1β activation in a pulmonary model infection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and in vitro using genetics, specific inhibitors, recombinant proteins, and targeted reporters of protease activity and IL-1β bioactivity.FindingsCaspase-family inflammasome proteases canonically regulate maturation of this proinflammatory cytokine, but we report that plasticity in IL-1β proteolytic activation allows for its direct maturation by the pseudomonal protease LasB. LasB promotes IL-1β activation, neutrophilic inflammation, and destruction of lung architecture characteristic of severe P. aeruginosa pulmonary infection.InterpretationPreservation of lung function and effective immune clearance may be enhanced by selectively controlling inflammation. Discovery of this IL-1β regulatory mechanism provides a distinct target for anti-inflammatory therapeutics, such as matrix metalloprotease inhibitors that inhibit LasB and limit inflammation and pathology during P. aeruginosa pulmonary infections.FundingFull details are provided in the Acknowledgements section.
Effects of a Clinic-Based Exercise Program on Sleep Disturbance Among Cancer Survivors.

IntroductionSleep disturbance is the second leading negative side effect reported by cancer survivors, and evidence exists to suggest that exercise may improve sleep for cancer survivors. This stud...
Relationship between symptoms during a gastric emptying study, daily symptoms and quality of life in patients with diabetes mellitus.

AIMS Gastric emptying is of limited utility for predicting the severity of symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus and gastrointestinal symptoms. We evaluated the extent to which symptoms recorded during a 13 C-spirulina-based gastric emptying breath test (GEBT) or scintigraphy predicting the severity of daily symptoms in diabetes mellitus. METHODS Gastric emptying, symptoms during a gastric emptying study, either scintigraphy (n = 38) or GEBT (n = 111), and daily gastrointestinal symptoms were evaluated in 149 patients with diabetes mellitus and variably severe gastrointestinal symptoms. KEY RESULTS Gastric emptying was normal, delayed, and rapid in 37%, 52%, and 9% measured with the GEBT and 55%, 34%, and 11% of patients measured with scintigraphy; differences between GEBT and scintigraphy were not significant. Daily symptoms were moderately severe or more intense in 58% and 21% of patients undergoing scintigraphy and GEBT (P < 0.0001). Symptoms during the GEBT (46%) and emptying thalf (3%) explained 50% of the variance in daily symptoms in the GEBT group. In the scintigraphy group, symptoms explained 29% of this variance; the thalf was insignificant. Patients who reported that one or more symptoms were more severe than the others during the GE study were more likely (OR 3.98, 95% CI 2.16, 7.33) to report the same symptom(s) as being the most severe in the daily diary. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms during a GEBT and to a lesser extent during scintigraphy, but not gastric emptying predict the severity of daily symptoms and may serve as a biomarker in patients with diabetes mellitus.
A report from the Editor for Nuclear Science Symposium Contributions to IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science

This part of this issue of the IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science (TNS) is devoted to contributions from the 2002 Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) and Symposium on Nuclear Power Systems (SNPS) held in conjunction in Norfolk, VA, USA, from November 10–16, 2002.
Determining the Number of Simulations Needed to Demonstrate Changes in Clinical Decision Making Skills in a Simulated Acute-Care Environment.

Simulation experiences that replicate the acute care environment are increasing due to the lower risk to patients and the ability to increase student experience prior to clinical rotations. One goal of simulation experiences in acute care is to improve students' clinical decision-making prior to entering that environment. This pilot study aimed to identify the number of simulation experiences needed to change students' clinical decision-making in the acute care environment. Methods The study is a quasi-experimental, pre-test/post-test design. Sixty-nine first-year physical therapy students were randomly assigned into 3 groups that completed 1, 2, or 3 simulations. Forty-two subjects completed the Clinical Decision Making (CDM) tool at baseline and after their assigned number of simulations. A mixed ANOVA was used to assess the difference in CDM scores between the three simulation groups. Results All of the subjects' scores improved significantly between their baseline score and after participating in simulation. However, there were no significant differences in scores on the CDM tool between the simulation groups. Conclusions This study was the first in physical therapy to investigate the number of simulations needed to make changes in students' clinical decision-making in an acute care simulated environment. Further research is necessary to determine the optimal number of simulations.
Perioperative Management of Antirheumatic Medications in Patients with RA and SLE Undergoing Elective Foot and Ankle Surgery: A Critical Analysis Review.

» Recent literature has shown that continued use rather than discontinuation of various antirheumatic agents throughout the perioperative period may present an opportunity to mitigate the risks of elective surgery. » For patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, perioperative management of medication weighs the risk of infection against the risk of disease flare when immunosuppressive medications are withheld. » Broadly speaking, current evidence, although limited in quality, supports perioperative continuation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, whereas biologic drugs should be withheld perioperatively, based on the dosing interval of the specific drug. » For any withheld biologic drug, it is generally safe to restart these medications approximately 2 weeks after surgery, once the wound shows evidence of healing, all sutures and staples have been removed, and there is no clinical evidence of infection. The focus of this recommendation applies to the optimization of wound-healing, not bone-healing. » In most cases, the usual daily dose of glucocorticoids is administered in the perioperative period rather than administering "stress-dose steroids" on the day of surgery.
Effects of prenatally diagnosed congenital heart disease on timing and mode of delivery

Purpose: Prenatal diagnoses of congenital heart disease (CHD) may prompt non-spontaneous delivery (NSD). This may predispose infants and mothers to unnecessary risks associated with Caesarean section (CS) or planned induction of labor (IOL). However, there is no consensus on the appropriate mode of delivery for a fetus with known CHD. In addition, most fetuses with CHD are not at increased intrapartum risk or unable to tolerate spontaneous labor (SL). We hypothesize that a prenatal CHD diagnosis is positively correlated with the infant';s likelihood of …
ADP Sensitivity of the Native and Oligomycin-Treated Na,K-ATPase

Publisher Summary A large body of experimental evidence supports the participation of two phosphorylated forms in the main catalytic pathway of the Na, K–ATPase: E1∼P, an ADPsensitive form, and E 2 -P, a K + -sensitive one. This chapter discusses rapid-quenching techniques to measure the formation and breakdown of E 1 ∼P in microsomal enzyme obtained from Electrophorus electricus both while the enzyme was fully activated by Na + , K + , Mg 2+ , and ATP, and in the presence of oligomycin, an inhibitor believed to act mainly by blocking the E 1 ∼P → E 2 -P transition. The proportion of rapidly and slowly decaying intermediates is independent of the time of incubation with ATP. In two experiments presented in the chapter, one in which phosphorylation was allowed to proceed for 6 msec and the other for 116 msec prior to the addition of ADP, the relative proportions were identical. ADP is released rapidly from the enzyme once E–P has been formed, and the two species, sensitive and insensitive to ADP, equilibrate rapidly. In the oligomycin-treated enzyme, very little P i is released during 542 msec of reaction with ADP.
From Social Realism to the Specter of Abstraction: Conceptualizing the Visual Practices of H. R. Ocampo

This study of National Artist H. R. Ocampo argues for the critical necessity of producing a theoretical language adequate to modernist abstract painting in the Philippines. It situates Ocampo’s stylistic shift from Social Realism to what is called “Neorealism” in the context of a post-war exhaustion of the narrative possibilities of nationalism. Both as a result of foreign domination and in order to get at a “pre-ideological” reality, the visual is first sheared off from a matrix of linguistic signification unavoidably overdetermined by questions of the nation. Later, with the Marcos appropriations of Philippine modernism, the momentarily autonomous visual indexed by abstract art is itself shown to be caught up in the ongoing argument over authentic nationalism. Beginning with Ocampo’s Social Realist short story “Rice and Bullets,” the essay explores the logic of abstraction and figuration in Ocampo’s work. The essay argues that his process of abstraction is intimately connected to people’s struggles, the sense that politics was somehow deeper than available language, and a world-historical shift in the nature of signification. The essay then turns to the fate of international abstract art and proposes some readings of the later abstract paintings of Ocampo. Finally it draws on Vicente Rafael’s reading of writer Jose “Pete” Lacaba’s politicization during the First Quarter Storm, to indicate some of the ways in which abstract images dissociated from “reality” might be utilized in the struggle for social justice.
Learning to predict resistive forces during robotic excavation

Few robot tasks require as forceful an interaction with the world as excavation. In order to effectively plan its actions, a robot excavator requires a method to predict the resistive forces experienced as it scoops soil from the terrain. This paper presents methods for a robot to predict resistive forces and to improve its predictions based on experience, using "learning" methods. A simple analytical model of a flat blade translating through soil is extended to account to for phenomena specific to motions of an excavator. In addition, the paper examines how representation and methodology affect prediction performance.
Moving away from programming and towards computer science in the CS first year

After completing a pilot study using the Python programming language to transition to Java within our first-year introductory programming sequence, our department opted to make a more radical change. We assert that our students are better served in their first year of study by a focus on problems in computer science and their solutions, rather than programming. Our new introductory sequence emphasizes algorithm development and analysis, object-oriented design, and testing. As in our pilot, programming is first done in Python, switching to Java when object-oriented design and static typing become advantageous. Students reported liking the problem focus of the courses, while the distribution of grades remained similar to those in previous years. As a result, our department will be discontinuing our earlier introductory sequence, and offering the new problem-based one to all the groups of students our department services beginning in Fall 2010.
Effect of Engine Operating Parameters on Engine Combustion Chamber Deposits

A single-cylinder engine was used to study the effect of engine operating parameters on the early stage of deposit formation (first 8 hours). Deposit samples were collected from the engine cylinder using removable sampling probes. Among the engine operating parameters studied, coolant temperature had the greatest influence on deposit formation. Equivalence ratio of the air-fuel mixture was also important. Other variables such as compression ratio and intake air temperature had minimal effects. Investigations using a temperature controlled probe revealed that surface temperature is a dominant factor in the deposit forming process. Within a temperature range from 98{degrees}C to 256{degrees}C, there is an inverse relationship between the amount of deposit accumulated and the surface temperature. Extrapolating the experimental data showed that the critical surface temperature for deposit formation is near 310{degrees}C, above which no deposit is expected to form.
A novel high speed and high voltage complementary bipolar process using 1st base-poly silicon collector and soi technique

In this paper, for the first time, we suggest a unique complementary bipolar process which is using the 1st base-poly silicon in collector interface and base poly over-etching control in emitter region to obtain high voltage and high speed, in NPN and PNP transistors concurrently. We provide a novel high voltage, high speed and latch-up free complementary process fabrication technology using SOI (silicon on insulator), STI (shallow trench isolation) and DTI (deep trench isolation) technology. The biggest strong point is the NPN and PNP transistors have the same values in terms of size and speed. The peak f T for NPN and PNP transistors attained 8.0 GHz and 8.5 GHz, the BVceo for the NPN and PNP devices achieved 15 V and 17 V, respectively. These values were found to be excellent results as shown in the maximum value of Johnson-limit for the fT-BVceo product in silicon. Currently an operational amplifier product, which is higher than competitors in terms of B/W (band width) at same condition, is being developed with this process
Ribonucleic acid in a "membrane" fraction of Escherichia coli and its relation to cell-wall synthesis.

Suit, Joan C. (The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute, Houston). Ribonucleic acid in a “membrane” fraction of Escherichia coli and its relation to cell-wall synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 84:1061–1070. 1962.—A small amount of ribonucleic acid (RNA) was found in a “membrane” fraction prepared from osmotically sensitized Escherichia coli. It exhibited an elevated metabolic activity in that it attained the highest specific activity of any RNA in subcellular fractions of logarithmic-phase cells or spheroplasts prepared from logarithmic-phase cells which had been allowed to incorporate P32 briefly. The metabolic activity of this RNA, in terms of P32 incorporation, was found to be independent of cell-wall synthesis in the diaminopimelic acid (DAP)-less mutant, E. coli W 173-25, but was inhibited by penicillin in both this strain and in E. coli B. The latter effect is considered to be a result of other complex inhibitions of cellular metabolism by the antibiotic. The development of sensitivity to osmotic shock, capability of recovery, and synthesis of macromolecules in penicillin-treated and DAP-starved cultures, under these conditions, is described.
Combinatorics of symmetric designs

1. Combinatorics of finite sets 2. Introduction to designs 3. Vector spaces over finite fields 4. Hadamard matrices 5. Resolvable designs 6. Symmetric designs and t-designs 7. Symmetric designs and regular graphs 8. Block intersection structure of designs 9. Difference sets 10. Balanced generalized weighing matrices 11. Decomposable symmetric designs 12. Subdesigns of symmetric designs 13. Non-embeddable quasi-residual designs 14. Ryser designs Appendix Bibliography Index.
Older Adult Self-Efficacy Study of Mobile Phone Diabetes Management

Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate participant self-efficacy and use of a mobile phone diabetes health intervention for older adults during a 4-week period. Participants included seven adults (mean age, 70.3 years) with type 2 diabetes cared for by community-based primary care physicians. Participants entered blood glucose data into a mobile phone and personalized patient Internet Web portal. Based on blood glucose values, participants received automatic messages and educational information to self-manage their diabetes. Study measures included prior mobile phone/Internet use, the Stanford Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Scale, the Stanford Energy/Fatigue Scale, the Short Form-36, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (depression), the Patient Reported Diabetes Symptom Scale, the Diabetes Stages of Change measure, and a summary of mobile system use. Participants had high self-efficacy and high readiness and confidence in their ability to monitor changes to control their diabetes. Participants demo...
Thermal alteration of Cretaceous black shale by diabase intrusions in the eastern Atlantic. II - Effects on bitumen and kerogen

Abstract The thermal effects of three (one major and two minor) Miocene diabase intrusions on Cretaceous black shales from DSDP site 41–368 have been analyzed. A concentration gradient was observed, especially for the hydrocarbons, decreasing towards the major intrusion and between the three sills. The thermally-altered samples in the proximity of and between the sills contained elemental sulfur and an excess of thermally-derived pristane over phytane. whereas, the unaltered sediments contained no elemental sulfur, and more phytane than pristane. A maximum yield of the extractable hydrocarbons was observed at a depth of 7 m below the major sill. Two classes of molecular markers were present in this bitumen suite. The first was sesqui-, di- and triterpenoids and steranes. which could be correlated with both terrigenous and autochthonous sources. They were geologically mature and showed no significant changes due to the thermal stress. The second class was found in the altered samples, which contained only polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons with low alkyl substitution and sulfur and oxygen heterocyclic aromatic compounds. These compounds were derived from pyrolytic reactions during the thermal event. Kerogen was isolated from all of these samples, but only traces of humic substances were present. The H C , N C , δ 13 C , δ 34 S and δD all exhibit the expected effects of thermal stress. The kerogen becomes more aromatized and richer in 13C, 34S and D in the proximity of and between the sills. Maturation trends were also measured by the vitrinite reflectance and electron spin resonance, where the thermal stress could be correlated with an elevated country rock temperature and an increased degree of aromaticity. The effects of in situ thermal stress on the organic-rich shales resulted in the generation and expulsion of petroliferous material from the vicinity of the sills.
1538 AMELIORATION OF TOXIC ACUTE RENAL FAILURE BY TREATMENT WITH THYROXIN

Thyroid hormone is thought to augment renal cellular and mitochondrial metabolism and has been shown to improve the enzymatic activity of tubular cell following mercuric chloride injury. To determine the effect of this hormone on the recovery from toxic acute renal failure, rats were injected, subcutaneously, with K-dichromate (15 mg/kg), a known tubular toxin. At the peak of the renal injury, 24 hours after injection, the animals were given, intraperitoneally, either thyroxin (T4) 4 μg/100g BW (twice physiologic dose) or 0.5 cc of normal saline. Inulin clearance (Cin) was measured 24 hours later. As expected, the 11 animals given normal saline had a significant fall of Cin to 422.2 ± 27.2 μl/min/100g BW (P < 0.001 compared to control values, 1037.4 ± 48.6). In contrast, the 11 rats treated with T4 had significantly improved recovery of Cin to 678.2 ± 55.7 (P < 0.001). The same dose of T4 given to shaminjected control animals failed to produce a similar increase in Cin (1023.3 ± 33.1, P = NS). These data suggest that treatment with thyroxin will significantly ameliorate the fall in Cin following a toxic renal insult and that this effect is not due to a non-specific enhancement of glomerular filtration rate.
Development of gender labeling: Effect of age of pictured children

Toddlers (27 girls and 25 boys) between 20 and 42 months of age were given three gender discrimination tasks, each consisting of 12 pairs of photographs of girls and boys at one of three age levels: 3, 8, or 13 years. The subject's task was to point to the designated target (girl or boy) on each trial. Subjects' gender discrimination improved with age, with a fairly sharp transition from chance to accurate responding occurring at approximately 29 months. The age of pictured children did not affect performance.
Characterization of Aleutian mink disease virus.

Abstract Aleutian mink disease virus (ADV), propagated in normal mink kidney cell cultures, was resolved by centrifugation on CsCl density gradients into two components of densities 1.334 and 1.295 gm/cm 3 which were, respectively, about 85 and 15% of the total virus yield. Electron microscopic examination revealed that the major component contained predominantly intact virions of 25 nm in diameter which resembled virus particles with icosahedral structure while the minor component contained mainly empty capsids. Both the empty capsids and intact virus particles absorbed to immunoabsorbents prepared with IgG from chronically infected mink. The buoyant density, size, and structure of purified ADV are in common with viruses belonging to the picornavirus group.