cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proclaiming the jubilee year for undocumented migrants: anti-immigration biopolitics and a Christian theopolitical response

President Obama announced a major executive action on immigration policy on November 20, 2014, which will protect up to 5 million undocumented immigrants from deportation. Obama's executive order, however, outraged Republicans in Congress, who argue that the president does not have the authority to delay deportations in such magnitude. On December 3, 2014, a coalition of 17 U.S. states led by Texas Governor-elect Greg Abbott sued the Obama administration to stop it from protecting undocumented immigrants from deportation. The purpose of this paper is to respond to the current political (d)evolvement with a new theological appropriation of the biblical concept of “jubilee.” I argue in this paper that Christian churches and communities should adopt a new theopolitical paradigm modeled after jubilee in engaging the political process to promote justice and peace for many undocumented people. The strength of this new model lies in its theological emphasis on the Christian ideal of forgiveness, and a key theolo...
Batch Adsorption Kinetics in Sewage—Activated Carbon

Batch adsorption experiments using a well-mixed system of secondary effluent domestic waste water and granular activated carbon were performed, and the rate of decay of organic contaminants associated with bacterial action was determined. These results were used to establish that a Freundlich type adsorption isotherm characterized the system and that the decay of organic solutes by bacteria could be represented by a modified first order rate expression. Comparison of the experimental concentration histories, expressed in terms of the total organic carbon content of the liquid phase, with theoretical results for two assumed mass transfer models (internal diffusion and pore diffusion) permitted evaluation of diffusion coefficients for the system. For internal diffusion the coefficients ranged between 1.6 x 10\U-9\N sq cm per sec and 2.6 x 10\U-8\N sq cm per sec, while for pore diffusion the range was from 3.4 x 10\U-9\N sq cm per sec to 1.6 x 10\U-7\N sq cm per sec.
[N-(2-Oxido­phenyl)­salicyl­aldiminato-κ3N,O,O′](2,2′:6′,2′′-ter­pyridine-κ3N)copper(II)

The title compound, [Cu(C13H9NO2)(C15H11N3)], was prepared by direct reaction of the ligands with copper(II) salts in methanol solution. The air-stable compound crystallizes in the mononclinic space group C2/c. Although the imine portion of the chelate is disordered over a twofold axis, the copper environment is well defined as a meridionally substituted, tetragonally distorted octahedron.
New York's Bank: The National Monetary Commission and the Founding of the Fed

I review the original Monetary Commission’s origins and contribution to the legislative effort that led to the passage of the Federal Reserve Act. My immediate purpose is that of identifying that Commission’s merits and shortcomings, with the aim of informing the current effort to establish a new monetary commission. But I also seek, in passing, to respond to conventional, celebratory accounts of the Fed’s establishment by drawing attention to the way in which special interests, and representatives of the major New York City banks in particular, seized control of the pre-Fed currency reform movement, and then took it a direction better suited to preserving and enhancing Wall Street’s profits than to ending financial crises.
Behavioral Response of Bidrin®-Treated Male Indian-Meal Moths to the Female Sex Pheromone

Surviving male Plodia interpunctella (Hubner) at 1 and 2 days after treatment with an LD50 dose of Bidrin® (3-hydroxy- N, N -dimethyl- cis -crotonamide dimethyl phosphate) were as responsive to the female sex pheromone as non treated males. Head and thoracic cholinesterase in surviving males was inhibited 55% at 2 days after treatment.
Atlantic near-term climate variability and the role of a resolved Gulf Stream

There is a continually increasing demand for near-term (i.e., lead times up to a couple of decades) climate information. This demand is partly driven by the need to have robust forecasts and is partly driven by the need to assess how much of the ongoing climate change is due to natural variability and how much is due to anthropogenic increases in greenhouse gases or other external factors. Here we discuss results from a set of state-of-the-art climate model experiments in comparison with observational estimates that show that an assessment of predictability requires models that capture the variability of major oceanic fronts, which are, at best, poorly resolved and may even be absent in the near-term prediction of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change class models. This is the first time that air-sea interactions associated with resolved Gulf Stream sea surface temperature have been identified in the context of a state-of-the-art global coupled climate model with inferred near-term predictability.
Nonheme iron in sickle erythrocyte membranes: association with phospholipids and potential role in lipid peroxidation

Previous studies documented the abnormal association of heme and heme proteins with the sickle RBC membrane. We have now examined RBC ghosts and inside-out membranes (IOM) for the presence of nonheme iron as detected by its formation of a colored complex with ferrozine. Sickle ghosts have 33.8 +/- 18.2 nmol nonheme iron/mg membrane protein, and sickle IOM have 4.3 +/- 3.0 nmol/mg. In contrast, normal RBC ghosts and IOM have no detectable nonheme iron. The combination of heme and nonheme iron in sickle IOM averages nine times the amount of membrane- associated iron in normal IOM. Kinetics of the ferrozine reaction show that some of this nonheme iron on IOM reacts slowly and is probably in the form of ferritin, but most (72% +/- 18%) reacts rapidly and is in the form of some other biologic chelate. The latter iron compartment is removed by deferoxamine and by treatment of IOM with phospholipase D, which suggests that it represents an abnormal association of iron with polar head groups of aminophospholipids. The biologic feasibility of such a chelate was demonstrated by using an admixture of iron with model liposomes. Even in the presence of tenfold excess adenosine diphosphate, iron partitions readily into phosphatidylserine liposomes; there is no detectable association with phosphatidylcholine liposomes. To examine the bioavailability of membrane iron, we admixed membranes and t-butylhydroperoxide and found that sickle membranes show a tenfold greater peroxidation response than do normal membranes. This is not due simply to a deficiency of vitamin E, and this is profoundly inhibited by deferoxamine. Thus, while thiol oxidation in sickle membranes previously was shown to correlate with heme iron, the present data suggest that lipid peroxidation is related to nonheme iron. In control studies, we did not find this pathologic association of nonferritin, nonheme iron with IOM prepared from sickle trait, high-reticulocyte, postsplenectomy, or iron-overloaded individuals. These data provide additional support for the concept that iron decompartmentalization is a characteristic of sickle RBCs.
The Constitutionality of the Utah Legal Tender Act

In March, 2011, Utah’s Governor Gary Herbert signed into law the Utah Legal Tender Act, which purports to make some gold and silver coins legal tender in the state of Utah. This paper addresses the effect of that law and its constitutionality. It concludes that the act does not violate the Constitution’s provisions regulating state monetary authority, is not preempted, and is not a violation of the dormant Commerce Clause. One of the chief reasons for this is that the Utah Legal Tender Act does not truly create a new form of state legal tender in the traditional sense. Broader legislation may confront a different set of issues.
Culture Moderates the Relation Between Perceived Stress, Social Support, and Mental and Physical Health:

Cultural differences in the relations between perceived stress and mental and physical health, and the role of social support in buffering these relations, are examined in a survey of multiple U.S. cultural/ethnic groups. Findings from a health survey of N = 603 adults comprising approximately equal numbers of non-Hispanic Whites, Mexican Americans, Korean Americans, and African Americans show that perceived stress is negatively correlated with one’s perceived mental and physical health, in line with previous research. However, the role of social support in mitigating this relationship is culturally contingent. A buffering effect of social support on the relation between perceived stress and both mental and physical health was only observed for Mexican Americans, not for the other cultural/ethnic groups. These patterns are discussed in the context of research on differences in social help seeking among distinct types of collectivistic cultural groups. The findings are consistent with recent research on ho...
Energy value of hominy feed for finishing ruminants.

Three trials were conducted to evaluate the energy value of hominy feed in finishing diets for ruminants. Hominy feed contained 56.9% starch, 25.2% NDF, 11.1% CP, and 5.3% fat (DM basis). In all trials, hominy feed replaced dry-rolled corn. As the level of hominy feed or ground corn increased in a lamb digestion trial, DM digestibility decreased (P < .01); however, starch digestibility increased (P = .09). Hominy feed and ground corn interacted (linear, P = .08) with respect to NDF digestibility. As the level of ground corn increased, NDF digestibility decreased (linear, P = .10). In a finishing trial, yearling heifers were fed either hominy feed with or without fat added to hominy feed at 0, 13.3 (.67% added fat), 26.7 (1.33% added fat), and 40.0% (2.0% added fat) of diet DM. Fat addition did not interact with hominy feed level. Heifers fed 13.3 or 26.7% hominy feed or hominy feed + fat consumed more DM (P = .10) than heifers fed the 0 or 40.0% diets; however, gain and feed efficiency were similar. In a second finishing trial, steers fed 40% (diet DM) hominy feed consumed more (P = .05) DM, but daily gain and feed efficiency were similar to those of cattle fed dry-rolled corn. Steers fed all-concentrate diets were more efficient (P < .01) than cattle fed 7.5% forage. Results indicated that expeller-extracted hominy feed contained 1.35 Mcal of NEg/kg, or 87% of the energy of corn, when included at levels up to 40% of cattle finishing diets, despite its containing 20% less starch than corn.
General Motors Global Ergonomic Manufacturing Engineering Process Appling consistent strategies and methodologies for success

General Motors (GM) ergonomics activity began over 30 years ago as a decentralized, ad-hoc effort in various plants and divisions. In the mid-80’s GM and The United Automobile Workers (UAW) Union p...
THE QUANTUM-MECHANICAL HARTREE-FOCK STAIRCASE METHOD FOR MOLECULAR ELECTRONIC ENERGIES

A new method involving highest-occupied Hartree-Fock orbital energies and Hartree-Fock proton removal energies is shown to lead to improvements over the traditional quantum mechanical Hartree-Fock expectation values for total atomic and molecular electronic energies, leading to improvements in molecular dissociation energies, even though only Hartree-Fock wavefunctions are employed. Also, as an alternative to Koopmans' theorem, it is proven that the magnitude of the highest-occupied Hartree-Fock orbital energy would equal the exact ionization energy if the ground-state wavefunction were to contain no singly-excited antisymmetric products with respect to replacement of the highest-occupied Hartree-Fock orbital. Singly-excited antisymmetric products are known to make relatively small contributions to the exact ground-state wavefunction.
AB0065 Galectin-3 Is A Major Determinant of Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density in A Partial Regression Model: A Preliminary Study

Background Low bone mass is an essential extra-articular feature of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Patients with RA might present an increased risk of low bone mass as a result of systemic inflammation by alteration of the RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin and Wnt/ catenin pathways. In RA, serum galectin-3 correlated with C-reactive protein levels and was considered as biomarker of inflammation. However, recent studies showed abundant galectin-3 observed in the area of severe bone destruction may act as a negative regulator for the upregulated osteoclastogenesis. The role of Galectin-3 is unclear in the regulation of bone resorption in RA. Objectives The objectives of our study were to evaluate bone mineral density (BMD) and the levels of Galactin-3 and Dkk-1 in RA patients and to study the relation between these parameters. Methods Patients with active RA were checked with galactin-3, Dkk-1 and followed up with BMD assessment and inflammatory evaluation by ultrasonography (US). Serum galectin-3, Dkk-1 concentrations were assayed with ELISA assay. BMD was measured at hip neck by a Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Explorer; Hologic Inc., USA). Grey scale and Power doppler US were graded using a 4-grade semiquantitative scoring system, on a scale of 0–3 at wrist. Each wrist was scanned from lateral to medial aspects in longitudinal planes Radius-Lunate-capitate (volar and dorsal), dorsal Radius-scaphoid-trapezoid, and dorsal Ulna-triquetral. Demographic and clinical data, DAS-28, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were recorded for each patient. Correlations between variables and multilinear regression analysis were performed to check serum galectin-3 expression levels and BMD parameters. Results (1) Six RA patients 50% were female, age was 57.3±4.4 years, disease duration was 6.9±3.8 years and disease activity DAS 28 was 6.33±0.31. (2) The galectin-3, Sonography inflammatory score and serum iPTH levels showed a significant negative association with BMD at the hip.(Table.1) (3) The multilinear regression analysis showed iPTH, Galactin3 and US score were found to explain 99% of the variance in BMD in hip neck.(4) However, the galectin-3 in multilinear regression analysis showed a positive association with BMD at the hip. (correlation coefficient=0.126, p value=0.014) (Table.2) Conclusions Galectin-3 is a major determinant of femoral neck BMD in this partial regression model, after controlling iPTH and sonography inflammatory score, in our preliminary study. References Diarra, Danielle, et al. Nature medicine 13.2 (2007): 156–163. Ohshima, Shiro, et al. Arthritis & Rheumatism 48.10 (2003): 2788–2795. Li, Yin-Ji, et al. Laboratory Investigation 89.1 (2009): 26–37. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Surface Modification of Proteins

The covalent bonding of proteins to soluble polymers is closely related chemically to immobilization. Reactions similar to the activation of polymers are used. Polymers with a chemical structure similar to those used for solid phases and surfaces (gels, membranes, coatings) may be used. The disadvantage of using soluble polymers instead of insoluble compounds is the more laborious purification needed after polymer activation and reaction with the protein. The excessive reagent and unreacted protein have to be separated by precipitation (often with organic solvents), gel filtration, ultrafiltration or dialysis.
Introduction to journal of human-robot interaction special issue on law and policy

We are delighted to guest edit this special law and policy issue of the Journal of Human-Robot Interaction. The issue comes at a time of heightened interest in robotics by policymakers at all levels. The HRI community is already deeply interdisciplinary and wide-ranging in its research questions. But to date, there has been relatively little work specifically focused on the ways robot design and user experience interacts with ongoing law and policy debates. This special issue is a chance to collect excellent examples of research at this intersection and, hopefully, to spark more.
Hoverboards: spectrum of injury and association with an uncommon fracture

Self-balancing electric scooters, commonly known as hoverboards, are a new and popular consumer item with recognized fall hazards. The spectrum of injuries associated with hoverboard use has not been studied. The purpose of this study is to determine the spectrum of radiologically apparent injuries associated with hoverboard use. We retrospectively reviewed all imaging studies interpreted at our institution for hoverboard-related injuries during an 8-month period. We recorded patient demographics and injury characteristics. Thirty-two of the 47 pediatric patients imaged for hoverboard-related injury had radiologically detectable injuries, all fractures. Fifty percent of these 32 patients were female and 50% were male, with a mean age of 12.4 years. There were 42 fractures total, all involving the appendicular skeleton, with 74% in the upper extremities and 26% in the lower extremities. Thirty-eight percent of the fractures involved the physis. A distinct injury pattern was seen in three patients who sustained open distal phalanx juxta-epiphyseal fractures. Most of the fractures sustained during hoverboard use are commonly seen in everyday pediatric radiology practice, with an overall pattern paralleling that reported in association with skateboard use. However an otherwise uncommon fracture, the distal phalanx juxta-epiphyseal fracture, was identified in association with hoverboard use, and this finding has important treatment implications including need for irrigation and debridement, antibiotic therapy, and potential surgical fixation.
Does where you live affect how much you spend on transit? The link between urban form and household transit expenditures in Mexico City

Long and expensive transit trips burden millions of households in many low- and middle-income cities. Geography likely plays an important role. In Mexico City, suburban households earn 30% less than urban households, have 40% longer commutes, and spend nearly twice as much per transit trip. This paper examines the relationship between where households live in Mexico City and how much they spend on transit using a large metropolitan household travel survey matched to measures of the built environment. Transit expenditures vary systematically with neighborhood population density, land-use diversity, municipal job density, street network density, and distance to the metro and urban center. These relationships are complex and nonlinear but robust with the inclusion of household income, size, and structure. They are also relatively strong with job density, destination diversity, distance to the metro, and population density being as strongly correlated with transit expenditures as household income. In dollar values, the savings associated with more convenient household locations are substantial and in the same ballpark as total metro fare revenues and a back-of-the-envelope estimate of the total daily external costs of suburban congestion.
Biosynthesis of hypothalamic peptides.

In this paper, I will attempt to summarize current knowledge about the biosynthesis of hypothalamic peptides of biological interest and will emphasize methodological aspects of peptide biosynthetic studies, a subject which I feel is of utmost importance at the present time.
Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration Diagnosis of Secondary Tumors Involving Pancreas: An Institution's Experience

Introduction Metastases that present as pancreatic masses are rare. Understanding and recognizing this uncommon occurrence during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) will help in making an accurate diagnosis and planning for clinical management. In this study, we reviewed our experience in diagnosing pancreatic secondary tumors. Materials and Methods A pathology archive database search was performed for EUS-FNAs of the pancreas with a diagnosis of metastatic tumor at our institution. The corresponding clinical presentations, imaging studies, cytological diagnoses, ancillary studies, and surgical follow-up were collected. Results A total of 30 cases were identified with 18 male and 12 female patients. Twenty-eight patients (93.3%) had a prior history of malignancy, with a latency ranging from 0 to 36 years. The secondary tumors included carcinoma (18 of 30), neuroendocrine tumor (5 of 30), melanoma (4 of 30), and sarcoma (3 of 30). The most common metastatic tumor was clear cell renal cell carcinoma (37%, 11 of 30). Correct diagnoses were rendered in 28 cases (93.3%). The remaining 2 cases failed to be accurately diagnosed: one pleomorphic carcinoma (reported as pleomorphic sarcoma) and one liposarcoma (reported as poorly differentiated malignant neoplasm). Both cases did not have immunohistochemistry performed because of a lack of diagnostic materials in cell blocks. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma was the most common secondary tumor involving the pancreas. Secondary tumors involving the pancreas can be accurately diagnosed by EUS-FNA. Knowing the prior history of malignancy, recognizing uncommon cytomorphologic features, and performing ancillary studies are keys to improve diagnostic accuracy.
Isolation Within Isolation: The Public and Personal Politics of Hospital Infection

By the 1890s the Metropolitan Asylums Board’s massive archipelago of fever hospitals had completely reshaped the everyday experience of many of the most common infections and “childhood diseases”—this despite the very real contagious dangers that lurked in the hospitals themselves. This chapter examines the controversies about hospital infection that served to remake the isolation hospitals into epidemiological laboratories and sites for the investigation and construction of the hygienic body. The fever hospital emerged as an institution dedicated to the public. It became a place not only for establishing external perimeters but also internal partitions and blockades—seen in practices of “isolation within isolation” such as partial walls, glass partitions, and rituals of barrier nursing.
Enzymatic conversion of sucrose to glucose and its anomerization by quantitative NMR spectroscopy: Application of a simple consecutive reaction rates approach

Abstract The anomerization of carbohydrates is an essential process that determines the relative stabilization of stereoisomers in an aqueous solution. In a typical real-time enzyme kinetics experiment, the substrate (sucrose) is converted to glucose and fructose by the enzyme invertase. The product (α-D-glucose) starts to convert to β-D-glucose immediately by hydrolysis. Though the anomerization process is independent of the enzyme catalysis, the progress curve describing the production of β-D-glucose from α-D-glucose is directly affected by the kinetics of consecutive reactions. When α-D-glucose is continually converted to β-D-glucose, by the enzymatic action, the time course of both α- and β-D-glucose is influenced by the enzyme kinetics. Thus, a reversible first-order rate equation is not adequate to model the reaction mechanism, leading to erroneous results on the rates of formation of the glucose anomers. In this manuscript, we incorporate an approximate method to address consecutive general reactions involving enzyme kinetics and first-order reaction processes. The utility of the approach is demonstrated in the real-time NMR measurement of the anomerization process of α-D-glucose (enzymatically produced from sucrose) to β-D-glucose, as a function of invertase enzyme concentration. Variable temperature experiments were used to estimate the thermodynamic parameters of the anomerization process and are consistent with literature values.
Society of critical care medicine discovery: Collaborative critical care research network

Large-scale clinical trials networks are best suited for understanding how care is delivered, generating evidence to minimize unnecessary heterogeneity of patient care, and testing different care patterns and medications to improve clinical outcomes. Discovery, the Critical Care Research Network, was launched in 2017 as a combined effort of the United States Critical Illness and Injury Trials (USCIIT), the Critical Care Pharmacotherapy Trials Network (CCPTN), and the Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM). In collaboration with our colleagues we hope to contribute evidence to help improve the care of the critically ill and injured
The time is "right:" Electrophysiology reveals right parietal electrode dominance in time perception.

Abstract In the present study, healthy undergraduates were asked to identify if a visual stimulus appeared on screen for the same duration as a memorized target (2 s) while event-related potentials (ERP) were recorded. Trials consisted of very short (1.25 s), short (1.6 s), target (2 s), long (2.5 s) or very long (3.125 s) durations, and a yes or no response was required on each trial. We examined behavioral response as signal detection ( d ′) and response bias via a Generalized Accuracy Coefficient (GAC). We examined the mean amplitude as well as the change in amplitude of the initial Contingent Negative Variation (iCNV) and overall CNV (oCNV) and P350 (a P300-like component that follows stimulus extinction) potentials in paired, lateralized posterior electrodes. Results showed a bias to identifying shorter trials as the target more than longer trials via negative GAC scores. The slope and amplitudes of the iCNV and oCNV were consistently greater in right parietal electrodes. Also in right parietal electrodes, the iCNV correlated to d ′ scores while greater P350 amplitudes in the short condition correlated with more negative GAC scores. The results indicate dominance in the right hemisphere in temporal processing for durations exceeding 1 s. The P350 should also be studied further.
Fast-neutron detector developments for the TREAT hodoscope

Abstract This work describes the theoretical and experimental performances of four alternatives to the original Hornyak Button-type device that was used in the construction of the Transient Reactor Test (TREAT) Facility hodoscope. The alternatives considered differ in geometry, construction and detection materials to improve performance while decreasing some of the negative aspects of the original device. A Geant4 model of the original Hornyak Button was developed as a benchmark to validate the physics modeled, which agreed well with the reported values. The four alternatives considered were (1) a homogenized ZnS:Ag/PMMA rectangular bar outfitted with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs), (2) a layered ZnS:Ag/PMMA rectangular bar detector also outfitted with SiPMs, (3) a microstructured neutron detector (MSND) backfilled with hydrogenous material and (4) a pressurized, organic gaseous scintillator. In two scintillation devices, SiPMs were considered as a replacement for photomultiplier tubes for greater light collection. These alternatives were considered as they each had the potential to provide better signal-to-noise ratios, reduce Cerenkov light production, increase detection efficiency, and/or improve neutron-to-gamma discrimination. At comparable lengths, the layered design has been experimentally determined to yield an efficiency of 1.3% (the Hornyak button exhibits 0.4%), while studies on the performances of the other detectors are still underway.
Molluscan Hemocyanins: Structure and Function

Hemocyanins are copper proteins that serve oxygen transport in two, and only two, phyla: Arthopoda and Mollusca. Although molluscan and arthropod hemocyanins share certain general features (for example, each has a binuclear copper site for oxygen binding) and exhibit much similarity in function, it is now becoming apparent that the structural differences between the hemocyanins from these two phyla are much more significant than their similarities. For example, size and arrangements of subunits are wholly different, and comparison of amino acid sequences indicates little homology except in one limited region. It is now generally held by workers in the field that the molluscan and arthropod hemocyanins are at best very distantly related, and probably arose in their separate phyla through independent evolutionary events (Mangum 1985; Drexel et al. 1987).
Media Publicity and the Voluntary Sector: The Case of Nonprofit Organizations in New York City

Media publicity is an important resource for contemporary voluntary associations, but very little is actually known about the resources and organizational characteristics that are most important for getting media attention. To address this question, we collected and analyzed data on the organizational attributes and news publicity of 739 nonprofit organizations in New York City. We find that an organization's income, paid staff, membership size, and library resources are significantly related to getting media publicity, whereas the number of chapter affiliations is inversely related to publicity. Association type is also a significant factor that influences an organization's ability to get publicity. We discuss the implications that these findings have for current debates about advocacy and civic engagement in the nonprofit sector.
Hotel feasibility in the recessionary economy of 2010: A case study in Reno, Nevada

iii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF TABLES v LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF APPENDICES v PART ONE
SseL Deubiquitinates RPS3 to Inhibit Its Nuclear Translocation

Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens use type III secretion systems to deliver virulence proteins (effectors) into host cells to counteract innate immunity. The ribosomal protein S3 (RPS3) guides NF-κB subunits to specific κB sites and plays an important role in the innate response to bacterial infection. Two E. coli effectors inhibit RPS3 nuclear translocation. NleH1 inhibits RPS3 phosphorylation by IKK-β, an essential aspect of the RPS3 nuclear translocation process. NleC proteolysis of p65 generates an N-terminal p65 fragment that competes for full-length p65 binding to RPS3, thus also inhibiting RPS3 nuclear translocation. Thus, E. coli has multiple mechanisms by which to block RPS3-mediated transcriptional activation. With this in mind, we considered whether other enteric pathogens also encode T3SS effectors that impact this important host regulatory pathway. Here we report that the Salmonella Secreted Effector L (SseL), which was previously shown to function as a deubiquitinase and inhibit NF-κB signaling, also inhibits RPS3 nuclear translocation by deubiquitinating this important host transcriptional co-factor. RPS3 deubiquitination by SseL was restricted to K63-linkages and mutating the active-site cysteine of SseL abolished its ability to deubiquitinate and subsequently inhibit RPS3 nuclear translocation. Thus, Salmonella also encodes at least one T3SS effector that alters RPS3 activities in the host nucleus.
How Do We Know? Comparisons of Existing Datasets for Overseas Surgical Missions

Over five billion people lack access to safe surgery when they need it. Short-term surgical missions from high-resource countries are a popular strategy to try and address this deficit. Each year, thousands of providers spend billions of dollars participating in short-term surgical missions. These missions are poorly characterized in aggregate. In this exercise, we performed reviews of two databases in an attempt to identify and characterize short-term surgical missions to Uganda. The first, a traditional search of the medical literature. The second, an unorthodox search of the internet. We compare the results of each in terms of motive, trip length, operations performed, surgery type, country of origin, evidence of teaching, recurring missions, and year of mission. We found only one article in the academic literature that fits our criteria. We found 43 individual organizations responsible for 129 individual trips in our internet search. These are characterized in this paper. The medical literature contains few traces of short-term surgical trips in Uganda. The internet contains many traces. These traces are rich in both qualitative and quantitative data. It is possible to mine, organize, and evaluate this data to better understand what is happening on the ground in Uganda and potentially the rest of the world.
Poroelastic solution to the Brazilian test

Abstract The fully-coupled, poroelastic solution for the time-dependent stress and pore fluid pressure of a hollow or solid, cylindrical specimen of porous, fluid-saturated rock undergoing the diametral compression test is derived and presented. The long-time asymptote of the poroelastic solution for the case of solid specimen recovers the related elastic solution of Hondros.9 Findings reveal the nontrivial trend and substantial effect of the pore fluid pressure disturbances on the rock effective stress. The failure of solid cylinder is predicted to occur instantaneously after the compressive load is applied, yet, at a point away from the specimen center point. Conversely, delayed failure of hollow cylinder may occur after the pore fluid disturbances within the specimen diminish.
The Impact of Glaucoma Drainage Devices on the Cornea

To discuss the relevant clinical associations between glaucoma drainage device (GDD) implantation and health of the cornea, focusing on corneal endothelial disease and success of viability of keratoplasty. Corneal endothelial injury and risk of graft failure continues to demonstrate association with GDD placement; however, newer studies demonstrate improved outcomes associated with Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty. Additionally, newer adverse effects associated with GDD placement have been described. GDD implantation certainly carries risk of endothelial injury and keratoplasty viability, but newer keratoplasty techniques may improve visual outcomes. Furthermore, attention to placement and location of the GDD may affect the risk of progressive corneal injury.
High Pressure Freezing/Freeze Substituion: Comparison of Chemical Fixation Versus Cryoimmobilization of Candida Albicans Cultured in Cellulose Tubing

In the interactions of Candida albicans with host cells, the cell wall of the yeast may play important roles in the adhesion of yeast cells to tissues. The outer cell wall of yeast (e.g. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, C. albicans) has been shown to consist of a dense network of radially projecting fibrils composed of mannoproteins that are known as fimbriae and which previously have required cryopreservation either by jet propane freezing or by plunge freezeing for their visualization. High pressure freezing provides an advantage over jet or plunge freezing in terms of the higher consistancey in the quality of freezing, and the minimization of formation of ice I with this method. Hohenberg et al reported a method utilizing cellulose capillary tubes to cryoimmobilize suspensions of microoganisms by high pressure freezing (HPF) and freeze substitution (FS), and herein, we describe an adaptation of this method by culturing microorganisms within the tubing to increase cell density prior to high pressure freezing and freeze substution.
On the Reliable Identification and Effectiveness of Computer-Based, Pop-Up Glossaries in Large-Scale Assessments.

Computer-based, pop-up glossaries are perhaps the most promising accommodation aimed at mitigating the influence of linguistic structure and cultural bias on the performance of English Learner (EL)...
Computational biophysical characterization of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding with the ACE2 receptor and implications for infectivity

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel highly virulent pathogen which gains entry to human cells by binding with the cell surface receptor - angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE2). We computationally contrasted the binding interactions between human ACE2 and coronavirus spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) of the 2002 epidemic-causing SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and bat coronavirus RaTG13 using the Rosetta energy function. We find that the RBD of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 is highly optimized to achieve very strong binding with human ACE2 (hACE2) which is consistent with its enhanced infectivity. SARS-CoV-2 forms the most stable complex with hACE2 compared to SARS-CoV-1 (23% less stable) or RaTG13 (11% less stable). Notably, we calculate that the SARS-CoV-2 RBD lowers the binding strength of angiotensin 2 receptor type I (ATR1) which is the native binding partner of ACE2 by 44.2%. Strong binding is mediated through strong electrostatic attachments with every fourth residue on the N-terminus alpha-helix (starting from Ser19 to Asn53) as the turn of the helix makes these residues solvent accessible. By contrasting the spike protein SARS-CoV-2 Rosetta binding energy with ACE2 of different livestock and pet species we find strongest binding with bat ACE2 followed by human, feline, equine, canine and finally chicken. This is consistent with the hypothesis that bats are the viral origin and reservoir species. These results offer a computational explanation for the increased infection susceptibility by SARS-CoV-2 and allude to therapeutic modalities by identifying and rank-ordering the ACE2 residues involved in binding with the virus.
Predictors of HbA1c Trajectories in Predominantly Black Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes.

Objective Following the Journal of Pediatric Psychology's special edition on health disparities, calling for Phase 2 research exploring mechanisms of racial groups in health disparities, this study aims to explore social information processing predictors of longitudinal hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) trajectories in a racially diverse group of adolescents. The social information processing model of glycemic control in type 1 diabetes (T1D) posits that adolescents who make negative attributions about reactions of friends are likely to find adherence difficult in social situations, have increased stress, and have suboptimal glycemic control. Methods One hundred eighty-four youth with T1D completed self-report measures and HbA1c at three time points within 1 year was extracted from medical records. Growth mixture modeling empirically derived classes of HbA1c trajectories and explored predictive relationships of social information processing variables, demographics, and diabetes characteristics. Results Three classes emerged: High Decelerating, Mid-High Accelerating, and Near-Optimal Accelerating. Black/African American participants were highly likely to be in the High and Mid-High groups. Higher anticipated adherence difficulties in social situations predicted increased odds of being in the Mid-High versus Near-Optimal HbA1c group. Increased diabetes stress predicted increased odds of being in the High versus Near-Optimal and Mid-High groups. Conclusions Continuing research on mechanisms behind this health disparity is necessary with more representation from varied racial and ethnic groups. Equal access to diabetes technology and psychosocial treatments are recommended and implications for clinical intervention development are discussed.
Dual frequency comb absorption spectroscopy of CH4 up to 1000 Kelvin from 6770 to 7570 cm-1

Abstract As infrared telescopes are finding evidence of methane in hot exoplanet atmospheres, it is becoming increasingly important to have accurate high-temperature methane absorption models. To evaluate and update several spectroscopic databases (HITRAN2016, HITEMP, ExoMol), we collected laboratory spectra of the methane icosad (6770–7570 cm-1) using a 200 MHz (0.0067 cm-1) dual frequency comb spectrometer. The pure methane data span 18 to 300 Torr and 296 to 1000 K. We found good agreement with the HITRAN2016 model spectrum at room temperature, and substantial mismatch between our spectra and all absorption models at elevated temperature. We present several updates to HITRAN2016 to improve agreement with the measured high-temperature spectra. Specifically, we assign 4283 lower-state energies which had previously been given a default value in HITRAN2016 ( E H I T ″ = 999 cm-1), update existing lower-state energies for 92 features, and add 293 new high-temperature features in order to improve HITRAN2016 above 300 K. Additionally, we update the band-wide line positions by ∼ 0.001 cm-1, the self-widths by +7%, and we estimate band-averaged temperature-dependence exponents for self-width (0.85) and self-shift (0.58). These measurements are an important step towards merging empirical and theoretical high-temperature methane databases, with the goal of enabling better understanding of exoplanet atmospheres.
The Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 and University Industry Technology Transer: A Model for Other OECD Governments?

The efforts of a number of OECD governments to emulate the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, which permitted United States institutions receiving government research funds to patent their inventions, are critiqued.This critique is based on a review of recent research on the characteristics of the university-industry knowledge exchange and technology transfer.Following this review, the effects of the Bayh-Dole Act on patenting are discussed. Although many observers have argued that Bayh-Dole facilitated university-industry technology transfer, the effects of the measure are not wholly positive: increased university patenting could hinder downstream research and product development.It could also encourage academic researchers to pursue "open science," which could in turn lead to publication delays and withholding of data and materials.Even though the supposedly catalytic effects of the Bayh-Dole Act are perhaps overrated, OECD countries such as Denmark, Canada, Germany, Sweden, and Japan have adopted policies similar to Bayh-Dole; ironically, these policies often differ from one another and from Bayh-Dole itself.OECD countries wishing to generate higher levels of university-industry interaction would do well to stop attempting to emulate Bayh-Dole and to focus on reforms that support inter-institutional competition, as well as the external contributors to business creation and technology commercialization.(SAA)
Sex, Sleep Duration, and the Association of Cognition: Findings from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Background: We aimed to examine the association between sleep duration and cognitive impairment among elderly Chinese people. Methods: generalized linear modeling was used to analyze the baseline data for adults aged 65 years and over (n = 4785) selected from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). The two aspects of cognitive impairment assessed in the study were mental status and memory. Sex-stratified logistic regression models were conducted to identify the effect of sleep duration in the different gender groups. Results: of all the participants, 49.8% were females and 32.5% aged 75 years and over. Of the participants, 59.7% had short sleep duration ( 8 h/day). Compared to normal sleep duration, long sleep duration was associated with lower mental status scores (β = −0.43, p = 0.001) and lower memory scores (β = −0.26, p = 0.006). Long sleep duration was associated with lower mental status in both men (β = −0.37, p = 0.033) and women (β = −0.46, p = 0.025), however, only in men was long sleep duration found to be associated with low memory scores (β = −0.26, p = 0.047). Conclusions: Our study showed that long sleep duration was significantly associated with poorer mental status and memory scores in elderly Chinese people. Paying greater attention to the effects of sleep patterns on the risk of cognitive decline may yield practical implications for dementia prevention and health promotion, especially among older women with lower educational attainment, living in rural areas, and those who have long sleep duration.
Undrained Shear Tests on Clays

The proposed model describes the anisotropic properties of rate-independent saturated clays under undrained loading conditions. The model is applied to relate the various undrained shear strengths measured in common soil tests, including laboratory triaxial, plane strain, simple shear, and in-situ pressuremeter tests. The model predictions are shown to agree very well with available experimental test results. It is shown that the disturbances caused by the installation of the pressuremeter probe affect the derived shear stress-strain curves significantly, and are responsible for both their strain-softening features and high shear strengths. It is shown that a simple correction allows the true material shear stress-strain curve to be obtained from pressuremeter test results.
Direct photolabeling of the EcoRII methyltransferase with S-adenosyl-L-methionine

Ultraviolet irradiation of EcoRII methyltransferase in the presence of its substrate, S-adenosyl-L-methionine (AdoMet), results in the formation of a stable enzyme-substrate adduct. This adduct can be demonstrated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after irradiation of the enzyme in the presence of either [methyl-3H]AdoMet or [35S]AdoMet. The extent of photolabeling is low. Under optimal conditions, 4.5 pmol of [3H]AdoMet is incorporated into 100 pmol of enzyme. Use of the 8-azido derivative of AdoMet as the photolabeling substrate increases the incorporation by approximately 2-fold. However, this adduct, unlike the one formed with AdoMet, is not stable when treated with thiol reagents or precipitated with trichloroacetic acid. A catalytically active conformation of the enzyme is needed for AdoMet photolabeling. Heat-inactivated enzyme or proteins for which AdoMet is not a substrate or cofactor do not undergo adduct formation. Two other methyltransferases, MspI and dam methylases are also shown to form adducts with AdoMet upon UV irradiation. The binding constant of the EcoRII methyltransferase for AdoMet determined with the photolabeling reaction is 11 microM, which is similar to the binding constant of 9 microM previously reported (Friedman, S. (1986) Nucleic Acids Res. 14, 4543-4556). The AdoMet analogs S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine (Ki = 0.83 microM) and sinefungin (Ki = 4.3 microM) are effective inhibitors of photolabeling, whereas S-adenosyl-D-homocysteine (Ki = 46 microM) is a poor inhibitor. These experiments indicate that AdoMet becomes covalently bound at the AdoMet-binding site on the enzyme molecule. The EcoRII methyltransferase-AdoMet adduct is very stable and could be used to identify the AdoMet-binding site on DNA methyltransferases.
The Asymptotic Number of Lattices

Publisher Summary The chapter considers the question discussed upon the “lattices” as construct. There have been some explicit numerical results for small values of n. The chapter describes two levels and general lattices.
Distributing Security-Mediated PKI

The SEM approach to PKI (by Boneh et al [4]) offers many advantages, such as instant revocation and compatibility with standard RSA tools. However, it has some disadvantages with regard to trust and scalability: each user depends on a mediator that may go down or become compromised.
Untangling Unstructured Cyclic Flows – A Solution Based on Continuations

We present a novel transformation method that allows us to map unstructured cyclic business process models to functionally equivalent workflow specifications that support structured cycles only. Our solution is based on a continuation semantics, which we developed for the graphical representation of a process model. By using a rule-based transformation method originally developed in compiler theory, we can untangle the unstructured flow while solving a set of abstract continuation equations. The generated workflow code can be optimized by controlling the order in which the transformation rules are applied.
Non-Radiative Accretion and Thermodynamics

It has been suggested that the laws of thermodynamics are violated by what we have called a convection-dominated accretion flow (or a 1/2-law accretion flow) -- an accretion flow characterized by a constant outflow of energy. We show that both the 1/2-law flow and the Bondi flow (also known as ADAF, advection dominated accretion flow) are thermodynamically admissible.
The FBI transform on compact ^{∞} manifolds

We present a geometric theory of the Fourier-Bros-Iagolnitzer transform on a compact C∞ manifold M . The FBI transform is a generalization of the classical notion of the wave-packet transform. We discuss the mapping properties of the FBI transform and its relationship to the calculus of pseudodifferential operators on M . We also describe the microlocal properties of its range in terms of the “scattering calculus” of pseudodifferential operators on the noncompact manifold T ∗M .