cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trauma increases extrahepatic arginase activity

Background: Although expressed primarily in the liver, arginase activity also is present in extrahepatic tissues and specifically in macrophages, where it may play diverse physiologic roles in wound healing, cellular proliferation, and the regulation of nitric oxide production. Arginase activity in immune cells is upregulated by certain cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β and by catecholamines. Since the release of these substances is increased after trauma, we hypothesized that arginase activity would also be increased in immune cells after trauma. The current work tests this hypothesis. Methods: A model of surgical trauma was created in C3H/HeN mice by performing an exploratory laparotomy. Tissue arginase activity and arginase I protein expression were determined. As a control, arginase activity and expression were also stimulated with the use of endotoxin. In addition, we evaluated the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the accumulation of nitric oxide metabolites in plasma. Results: Surgical trauma was associated with a significant increase in arginase activity in splenic and renal tissues (P < .05). Splenic macrophages from trauma animals exhibited arginase activity levels approximately 10 times those of controls (P < .05). Endotoxin alone increased arginase activity in the spleen, but this increase was less than that of trauma alone (P < .05). Arginase activity remained elevated after trauma for up to 4 days and normalized by day 7. Arginase I expression was upregulated by trauma in both splenic and renal tissue and by endotoxin in the spleen only. Despite upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in trauma animals, circulating nitric oxide metabolites were decreased 2 days after trauma compared with controls (P < .05). Endotoxin-induced nitric oxide metabolites were also reduced in trauma animals compared with endotoxin treatment alone (P < .05), but this normalized by day 4. Conclusions: Extrahepatic arginase expression and activity is increased after trauma and may provide the necessary precursors for cellular proliferation and repair or may play a regulatory role in the production of nitric oxide. (Surgery 2000;127:419-26.)
Beliefs and attitudes regarding smoking among young adult Latinos: a pilot study.

Abstract Background Tobacco use interventions for young adult Latinos have not yet been developed. This qualitative pilot study employed semistructured interviews to assess beliefs and attitudes regarding tobacco use interventions among young adult Latinos. Methods The size of the individual or group interviews ranged from one to four participants each. Participants were 19 Latino adults (37% female), 18–24 years of age. The interviews were videotaped and transcribed for analysis of common themes. Results Use of tobacco in Latino cultures is most common among men, and most prevalent in social situations. Tobacco use is discouraged by and often hidden from elder family members. Participants acknowledged adverse health effects of tobacco use. Barriers to preventing and stopping tobacco use are its acceptance among peers and its use during social situations. Although some Latinos would like to quit, cultural barriers included lack of knowledge, unwillingness to ask for help, and perceived deficiency of Spanish language resources regarding tobacco dependence interventions. Participants lacked understanding of how research might benefit their cultural community. Conclusion Cultural attitudes toward tobacco and perceived barriers to quitting will be useful in developing tobacco use interventions for Latinos.
Synthesis and characterization of piperidine platinum(II) complexes with dicarboxylates: crystal and molecular structure of cis-[Pt(piperidine)2Cl2]·H2O

Abstract A series of new platinum complexes of the type cis-[Pt(PIP)2X] (where PIP=piperidine and X=dichloro, sulfato, oxalato, malonato, methylmalonato, dimethylmalonato, tartronato, 1,1-cyclopropyldicarboxylato (CPDCA) or 1,1-cyclobutyldicarboxylato (CBDCA) ligand) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, and 195Pt nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The crystal structure of cis-[Pt(PIP)2Cl2]·H2O was determined by X-ray crystallography. In this complex platinum has slightly distorted square planar geometry with two adjacent corners being occupied by two nitrogen atoms of piperidine, whereas the remaining two adjacent corners are occupied by two chloride atoms. An intricate network of intermolecular hydrogen bonding holds the crystal lattice together. In these complexes, piperidine acts as non-leaving ligand, whereas the dicarboxylic acids act as leaving groups.
An aerosol and gas aging line suitable for use in inhalation toxicology research

An aging line especially designed for the aging of pollutant atmospheres is described. The line essentially js a nearly-square stainless steel duct with periodic 100-mesh stainless steel screens to promote plug flow. The line has been tested for uniformity of aging, aerosol losses, and ease of atmosphere control, Results show that a close approximation to plug flow can be achieved with excellent atmosphere control; aerosol losses in the particle size range 0.22–2.0 µm are less than 30% except at very long (96 min.) aging times, when significant sedimentation losses occur for larger particles.
Extramedullary hematopoiesis in the adult mouse liver is associated with specific hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells

In previous work, two anatomically distinct-liver sinusoid endothelial cells (LEC): LEC-1 and LEC-2, have been described. We also reported that extramedullary hepatic hematopoiesis occurs only in close contact with LEC-1, suggesting that these cells may provide the microenvironment necessary for the maintenance and growth of hematopoietic cells. In the present work, we studied the capacity of LEC-1 and LEC-2 to maintain in vitro hematopoiesis. LEC-1 and LEC-2 were isolated and cloned from livers of adult mice. Bone marrow cells (BM) enriched with primitive hematopoietic progenitors were isolated from day-2, post-5-FU-treated mice (5-FUBMC). LEC-1 supported the maintenance and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitors for more than 6 weeks in vitro. In contrast, LEC-2 cells poorly supported the proliferation of hematopoietic cells for only two weeks of the co-culture. LEC-1 and 5-FUBMC cocultures showed cobblestone-area formation and the presence of hematopoietic progenitors that are able to form colonies (CFC) in the adhering fraction after six weeks of coculture. LEC-1 co-cultures treated with a cocktail of cytokines (stem cell factor, interleukin [IL]1alpha, IL-3, and Epo) showed that megakaryocyte (CFU-Mk) and erythrocyte progenitors (BFU-e) were present during the entire period of the culture. Granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM) were present only during the first three weeks of the culture. These results suggest that LEC-1, but not LEC-2, provide an appropriate hematopoietic microenvironment for supporting the proliferation and differentiation of primitive hematopoietic cells. This could explain the anatomical restriction of hematopoietic cells for growing in LEC-1 domains during liver extramedullary hematopoiesis.
SUPPRESSION OF SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS FUNCTION IN LOW-RENIN ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION

Abstract Study of general haemodynamics in 15 patients with low-renin essential hypertension showed haemodynamic and pathophysiological heterogeneity. However, there was suppression of sympathetic nervous system function in all low-renin patients, regardless of haemodynamic pattern. Subnormal sympathetic nervous activity was manifested by a low normal mean plasma-noradrenaline concentration at rest, diminished noradrenaline responsiveness to postural stimulation, and a reduced blood-pressure response to the indirectly acting sympathomimetic amine tyramine. It is proposed that the syndrome of low-renin essential hypertension is of diverse aetiology, but with secondary sympathetic nervous system underactivity as a feature common to the various forms. The low plasmarenin activity is probably an expression of defective sympathetic nervous system stimulation of renin release.
Validation of the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA) Instrument

Background An inverse relationship between implicit rationing and quality patient outcomes has been demonstrated in European hospitals, but this relationship has not been explored in the United States. Objective To evaluate the psychometric properties of a new measure of implicit rationing, the Perceived Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care (PIRNCA). Method A cross-sectional survey design with a stratified random sample of 226 medical surgical nurses was used to evaluate the PIRNCA. The internal structure was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. Pearson correlations were used to assess the associations between implicit rationing and three related constructs: work environment, overall job satisfaction, and quality of care. Results A single-factor solution explaining 55% of the total variance and excellent reliability, Cronbach's alpha = 0.97, was supported for the PIRNCA. Moderate inverse relationships with related constructs provided evidence of concurrent validity: work environment (−0.44), overall job satisfaction (−0.48), and quality of care (−0.56). The majority of nurses (97%) reported rationing at least one of the 30 care activities listed; however, mean scores reflected a low frequency (“rarely”) of rationing overall. Conclusion The phenomenon of implicit rationing is experienced by nurses in U.S. hospitals, and the PIRNCA instrument is a valid and reliable measure of this phenomenon.
Weak Univalence and Connectedness of Inverse Images of Continuous Functions

A continuous function f with domain X and range f(X) in Rn is weakly univalent if there is a sequence of continuous one-to-one functions on X converging to f uniformly on bounded subsets of X. In this article, we establish, under certain conditions, the connectedness of an inverse image f-1(q). The univalence results of Radulescu-Radulescu, More-Rheinboldt, and Gale-Nikaido follow from our main result. We also show that the solution set of a nonlinear complementarity problem corresponding to a continuous P0-function is connected if it contains a nonempty bounded clopen set; in particular, the problem will have a unique solution if it has a locally unique solution.
Attitudes of Quebec Superior Court Judges Regarding Child Custody and Visitation Issues

Judges of the Superior Court of Qucbec located in Montreal were surveycd with regard to their attitudes dealing with custody and visitation issues. The most preferred physical custody arrangements were "School Year With One Parent and Summer With the Other Parent" and "Continuous Custody by One Parent." The remaining arrangements which were considered were “Alternate Six Months," "Alternate Months," "Alternate Weeks," and "Split Week." With regard to visitation schedules, clear preferences werc not apparent. "Less Than One Weekend Pcr Month" was the lcast preferred of the options. There were no differences among "More Than Every Weekend," "Every Weekend," "Every Other Weekend," and "One Weekend Per Month." When asked to rate the importance of 13 factors which are considered in custody decisions, the highest ratings were given to factors dealing with parent-child relationships and the family unit. The lowest ratings were assigned to the preferences of younger children.
XXIII. The positive ionization from heated platinum

(1914). XXIII. The positive ionization from heated platinum. The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science: Vol. 28, No. 164, pp. 170-187.
Light duration effects on carbon partitioning and translocation in tomato

Abstract The influence of light duration on carbon partitioning and translocation in young tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants growing under similar daily total radiation (DTR) was investigated. The plants were grown under an 8- or 16-h light period with a DTR of 8.64 mol m −2 day −1 for 7 days. The plants grown under both light durations fixed similar amounts of carbohydrate per day. However, the amounts of carbon translocated during the light period and over 24 h were higher in the 16-h light treatment as compared with the 8-h light treatment. The amounts of hexose, sucrose and starch accumulated during the light period and their rates of accumulation were higher in the 8-h than the 16-h light treatment. Thus, even though similar amounts of carbohydrate were fixed by plants in both treatments, more carbon was partitioned into sucrose and translocated out of the leaves in plants grown under 16-h light treatment. These results suggested that carbon partitioning and translocation in the source leaves may be directly affected by light duration or they could be indirectly affected by a light effect on sink activity. These two possibilities are discussed.
Achromatic N-prism beam expanders: optimal configurations

In this paper, we calculate optimal prism configurations for achromatic N-prism beam expanders of a single material; we argue that for moderate to high magnifications, that is, M ≳ [2 − l/(2N−1− 1)]N, the up-up … up–down configuration is generally optimal, in the sense that it maximizes the transmission for given magnification. We also derive exact expressions for the incidence and apex angles that optimize a nonachromatic N-prism beam expander of arbitrary materials. The use of simple three-prism (up–up–down) and four-prism (up–up–up–down) single-material achromatic beam expanders is suggested for applications requiring compactness, achromaticity, and temperature stability.
The Role of Officer Attributes, Job Characteristics, and Arrest Activity in Explaining Police Use of Force:

While numerous studies have examined the causes, correlates, and control of police use of force, many questions remain. This study contributes to the literature on police use of force by examining the role of officers’ background characteristics, job characteristics (patrol area and shift assignment), and arrest activity in explaining variation in the frequency with which officers use force. Analyses were conducted on 1,084 police officers employed in a large municipal police department. Use of force data were obtained from 477 official departmental reports from 2010. Results suggest that a small proportion of officers are responsible for a large proportion of force incidents, and that officers who frequently use force differ in important and significant ways from officers who use force less often (or not at all). Policy implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Revisiting Sociology's First Classic: The Division of Labor in Society and Its Actuality

Durkheim's doctoral dissertation can justifiably be called sociology's first classic. Rereading it 100 years later enables us to see major domains of the contemporary world where its analysis remains, of actuality, heuristic or yet to be fully appreciated: for example, its themes of anomieas economic deregulation and corporatism as an institutional arrangement to deal with anomie.At the same time, Durkheim's discourse reflects its historical embeddedness, such as his discussion of the sexual division of labor, which needs to be reworked. A second feature of emergent contemporary social solidarity unforeseen by Durkheim (and the great majority of theorists of change) is what may be termed “the return of mechanical solidarity.”
Open-bridge Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation: a New Method of Weaning from ECMO 235

Introduction: The standard ECMO circuit has a bridge between the venous drainage and infusion tubing. This allows temporary dissociation of the patient from the ECLS circuit. Traditionally, while weaning from ECMO, pump and patient flows are not reduced below 100 ml/min for newborn and kept much higher in older children to prevent clotting in the circuit and the membrane oxygenator. These low flows during weaning may represent more than a third of the patient's cardiac output. Trialing off of the patients from ECMO at these flows may fail. We have used an open-bridge technique to maintain high pump flows through the circuit and were able to reduce the patient flows to much lower rates and achieved a more stable and successful rate of decannulation. We are reporting the successful clinical application of partially opened bridge ECMO for weaning.
A combined finite element-state space modeling environment for induction motors in the ABC frame of reference: the blocked-rotor and sinusoidally energized load conditions

The combined finite element-state space (CFE-SS) modeling environment was used to predict the performance of a 1.2 hp, three-phase case-study squirrel cage induction motor under blocked rotor and typical load operating conditions. The nature of this CFE-SS environment allows one to rigorously account for the impact of space harmonics generated by the magnetic circuit, winding, and cage geometric, as well as layout peculiarities and magnetic saturation, on the current and torque profiles, and ohmic losses in the stator armature and cage. This includes the ability to predict the profiles of connector and bar currents. The results of the CFE-SS simulations compare favorably with blocked rotor and load experimental test data. Potential capabilities of this CFE-SS modeling environment, and its use in impacting motor design decisions, are discussed in the light of reported findings. >
Counting hydrodynamic modes in lattice gas automata models

Abstract A Monte Carlo scheme for the search of extensive conserved quantities in lattice gas automata models is described. It is based on an approximation to the microscopic dynamics and it amounts to estimating the dimension of the eigenspace with eigenvalue 1 of a linear operator related to the lattice gas automata model evolution operator linearized around equilibrium distributions. The applicability of this technique is limited to models with collision rules satisfying semi-detailed balance.
A study of dithiothreitol inactivation of the enzyme rhodanese

Abstract When air oxidized, partially inactivated rhodanese (EC 2.8.1.1) is treated with dithiothreitol (DTT) to regenerate the reduced essential sulfhydryl group there is an initial reactivation followed by an anomalous slower inactivation. Fully active enzyme shows only inactivation. The inactivated enzyme may be completely reactivated on long incubation with the substrate thiosulfate ion. None of the normal potentialities of DTT appear to be responsible for the inactivation. The results are interpreted in terms of disulfide formation between DTT and an essential enzymic sulfhydryl group with the resulting complex being stabilized by secondary interactions which are particularly favorable due to similarities between DTT and lipoic acid--a normal sulfur acceptor substrate.
Using contextual and lexical features to restructure and validate the classification of biomedical concepts.

Background Biomedical ontologies are critical for integration of data from diverse sources and for use by knowledge-based biomedical applications, especially natural language processing as well as associated mining and reasoning systems. The effectiveness of these systems is heavily dependent on the quality of the ontological terms and their classifications. To assist in developing and maintaining the ontologies objectively, we propose automatic approaches to classify and/or validate their semantic categories. In previous work, we developed an approach using contextual syntactic features obtained from a large domain corpus to reclassify and validate concepts of the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), a comprehensive resource of biomedical terminology. In this paper, we introduce another classification approach based on words of the concept strings and compare it to the contextual syntactic approach.
The synthesis of chiral dimethyl substituted macrocyclic polyether-diester ligands†

A new series of chiral macrocyclic polyether-diester ligands has been prepared from four chiral dimethyl substituted tetraethylene glycols (15a,b,16,17) and 2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl chloride (products 5a-7), diglycolyl chloride (products 8–10), thiadiglycolyl chloride (product 11), 2,5-furandicarbonyl chloride (product 12), 4-chloro-2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl chloride (product 13), and 4-methoxy-2,6-pyridinedicarbonyl chloride (product 14). The chiral dimethyl substituted tetraethylene glycols (15a-17) were prepared from ethyl (S)-lactate.
A Taxonomy of Marketing Planning Styles

This study examines marketing planning styles among a sample of organizations in the health care industry. A taxonomy of marketing planning styles—limited marketing planners, constituency-oriented marketing planners, and comprehensive marketing planners—is derived and then related to the literature on planning. Differences among the marketing planning styles are tested based on hypotheses relating to planning comprehensiveness. The results suggest that: (i) marketing planning styles differ fairly distinctly in their attention to selected elements of the environment; and (ii) the marketing planning style employed is related to the level of competition and to organization size and complexity.
Detrital zircon provenance evidence for large-scale extrusion along the Altyn Tagh fault

Abstract The question of whether or not the Altyn Tagh fault is a large-scale extrusion boundary is critical for understanding the role of lateral extrusion in accommodating the Indo-Asian convergence and in building the Tibetan Plateau. Oligocene conglomerate clasts in the eastern Xorkol basin are low-grade slate, phyllite, sandstone, dacite and carbonate, and associated paleocurrent indicators evince sediment derivation from the opposing side of the Altyn Tagh fault. Matching these clasts with similar basement rocks in the North Qilian and Tuolainanshan terranes requires post-Oligocene left-lateral offset of 380 ± 60 km on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, suggesting large-scale extrusion along the fault in the Cenozoic ( Yue, Y.J., Ritts, B.D., Graham, S.A., 2001b. Initiation and long-term slip history of the Altyn Tagh fault. International Geological Review 43, 1087–1094. ). In order to further define this piercing point, the detrital zircon pattern of Oligocene sandstone from the Xorkol basin and the zircon ages of basement on the southern side of the fault were established by ion microprobe dating. Characterized by strong peaks between 850 and 950 Ma and the absence of Paleozoic and Mesozoic ages, the detrital zircon age pattern of the Oligocene sandstone matches the age distribution of zircon-bearing rocks of the Tuolainanshan terrane. This match requires 360 ± 40 km of post-Oligocene left-lateral displacement on the eastern segment of the Altyn Tagh fault, supporting as well as refining the previously reported lithology-based cross-fault match. At least one of the following three extrusion scenarios must have existed to accommodate this large offset: (1) northeastward extrusion along the Altyn Tagh–Alxa–East Mongolia fault, (2) eastward extrusion along the Altyn Tagh–North Qilian–Haiyuan fault, and (3) northeastward extrusion of northern Tibet as a Himalaya-scale thrust sheet along the North Qilian–Haiyuan fault. We prefer the first scenario inasmuch as rapidly growing evidence for Cenozoic strike-slip activity on the Alxa–East Mongolia fault and mid-Miocene exhumation of northern Tibet supports it.
Asnuntuck community college's machine technology certificate and degree programs

A partnership of public agencies and small, private sector manufacturers squarely confronts the challenge of educating men and women in the field of manufacturing technology.
Oxide scale formation and isothermal oxidation behavior of Mo–Si–B intermetallics at 600–1000°C

Abstract Initial scale formation in the range 600–1000°C and isothermal oxidation behavior at 1000°C was investigated for Mo–Si–B intermetallics containing 81–88 wt% molybdenum. All compositions exhibited an initial transient oxidation period consisting of a mass gain due to MoO3 and SiO2 formation, followed by a rapid mass loss starting at 750°C due to MoO3 volatilization. After the initial transient oxidation period, oxidation proceeded at a much slower rate. During isothermal oxidation at 1000°C the oxidation rate was found to vary inversely with the ratio of B/Si in the intermetallic, indicating that viscous flow of the scale was an important factor in determining the isothermal oxidation rate at 1000°C.
Additional Revised Push-Up Test Norms for College Students

The push-up test is commonly used to assess arm and shoulder girdle strength and endurance. Baumgartner, Oh, Chung, and Hales (2002) developed a revised push-up test for college students with a standardized test protocol. The purpose of the present study was to develop percentile norms for the revised push-up test based on the push-up scores of college students and compare these norms to those established by Baumgartner, Hales, Chung, Oh, and Wood (2004). A total of 418 male and 216 female students were tested using the revised push-up protocol. The percentile norms for the present study had a distribution of push-up scores similar to the distribution established by Baumgartner et al. (2004) for male students. The result of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test suggests that the male samples from the two studies are from the same population. Therefore, an additional percentile norm by pooling the data of the two studies was done. However, a more favorable distribution for the female participants resulted from the p...
The eastern wood rat (Neotoma floridana) as a taphonomic factor in archaeological sites

Abstract Bones from six animal taxa were experimentally introduced into an active wood rat denning site in a rock shelter on the Cumberland Plateau in Tennessee. After 6 months, patterns were examined relative to taxonomy, element selection, weight selection, rapidity and distance of bone movement, and gnawing. These analyses demonstrate that wood rats can affect significant changes in the character of an archaeofaunal assemblage through their compulsive acquisitive tendencies. The presence of wood rats in enclosed sites may result in a complex and confusing array of conditions that zoo-archaeologists will want to recognize before applying basic quantitative techniques to a related faunal assemblage.
The histone acetyltransferase NCOAT contains a zinc finger-like motif involved in substrate recognition

Nuclear cytoplasmic O-GlcNAcase and acetyltransferase (NCOAT) is a bifunctional enzyme with both glycoside hydrolase and alkyltransferase activity. Its O-GlcNAcase active site lies in the N terminus of the enzyme and its histone acetyltransferase (HAT) domain lies in the C terminus. Whereas the HAT domain of the enzyme is catalytically and structurally similar to other acetyltransferases across subfamilies, NCOAT has a motif resembling a zinc finger-like domain unique to the MYST family of HATs. Among the MYST family, this zinc finger, or zinc finger-like domain, is responsible for making contacts with the histone tails within nucleosomes for the HAT to catalyze its respective reaction. Here, we show that NCOAT has the ability to directly associate with both an acetylated and unacetylated histone H4 tail in vitro, and a potential zinc finger-like motif found in NCOAT is implicated in this nucleosomal contact, and is necessary for fully efficient enzymatic activity. Subsequent to the catalysis of acetyltransfer to lysine 8 of histone H4 for the enzyme, however, the substrate is released and NCOAT can no longer bind H4 in our assays. Furthermore, this finger domain by itself is sufficient to bind histone H4.
Comparative Validities of Two Cognitive Ability Tests in Predicting Work Performance and Training Success of Psychiatric Aides

Two cognitive ability tests were evaluated using 98 state hospital psychiatric aides to determine if the use of both tests would improve the predictive validity. A verbal ability test used in the selection process correlated .20 (p .05) and with training scores was .49 (p < .01), neither of which was larger than the correlation with the best single predictor. The results demonstrated the potential use of two cognitive ability tests in improving aide selection without increasing the adverse impact on minorities, but continuing research with such tests and other selection procedures appears ...
Damage detection in composite laminates with built-in piezoelectric devices using modal analysis and neural network

The effect of prescribed delamination on natural frequencies of laminated composite beam specimens is examined both experimentally and theoretically. Delamination in composite laminate is of particular interest because they can cause catastrophic failure of the composite structure. One consequence of delamination in a composite structure is a change in its stiffness. This change in stiffness will degrade the modal frequencies of the composite structure. Modal testing of perfect beam and beams with different size of delamination is conducted using PVDF sensors and piezoceramic patch with sine sweep actuation. Model testing of beams is also conducted using PVDF sensors and instrumented hammer excitation. The results of instrumented hammer excitation and piezoceramic patch excitation are discussed. The experimental modal frequencies are compared with the results obtained using a simplified beam theory. Also, backpropagation neural network models are developed using the results from the simplified beam theory and used to predict delamination size. The effect of learning rate and momentum rate on neural network performance are discussed. Modal frequencies can be easily and accurately obtained with piezoceramic patch excitation and PVDF sensing. There is good agreement between modal frequencies from modal testing and those from the simplified beam theory. The developed neural network models successfully predict delamination size. Prediction errors varied from 0.25% to 19%.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Safety of SLICE (0.2% Emamectin Benzoate) Administered in Feed to Fingerling Rainbow Trout

Abstract SLICE (0.2% emamectin benzoate [EB]) is an in-feed treatment that has been shown to be effective and safe for controlling infestations of several ectoparasitic crustacean copepods and branchiurans in a variety of seawater- and freshwater-reared fishes. Although the safety of EB (in a pre-SLICE formulation) for use with seawater-reared Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss has been demonstrated, the safety of SLICE for freshwater-reared Rainbow Trout has not. Consequently, we conducted a trial to evaluate the safety of SLICE for freshwater-reared Rainbow Trout when administered in feed at a dose of 0 (0×), 50 (1 × the maximum proposed therapeutic dose [1×]), 100 (2×), or 150 (3×) μg of EB·kg of fish body weight (BW)−1·d−1 for 14 d (2 × the proposed 7-d treatment duration). Medicated feed was prepared by top-coating commercially available feed with SLICE. Rainbow Trout fingerlings (mean TL ± SD = 7.4 ± 0.7 cm; mean weight ± SD = 4.4 ± 1.2 g) were stocked into 57-L flow-through tanks at 20 fish/tank. Di...
Sterilization of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly by Irradiation: Comparative Mating Effectiveness of Treated Pupae and Adults

Treatment of male Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) as 2-day-old adults with 10-krad gamma irradiation did not reduce their mating effectiveness; however, the same treatment applied to pupae 2 days before adult eclosion reduced mating effectivcness about 50%. Treatment of the pupal stage with substerilizing doses of 2.5 and 5 kard did not reduce mating effectiveness, but there was no indication of hereditary transmission of sterility when partially sterile flies or their progeny were outcrossed with untreated flies.
Revisiting “Kindergarten as academic boot camp”: a nationwide study of ability grouping and psycho-social development

We revisit Harry L. Gracey’s perspective of kindergarten as academic boot camp where, at school entry, children acquire the student role through a structured program of activities. We provide further insights into the crucial mechanisms of socialization that occur in U.S. kindergartens by examining the relationship between within-class ability grouping and attributes of children’s psycho-social development that are critical for school success. Using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study (ECLS-K) and incorporating stratified propensity scores into multi-level models, our analyses link within-class ability grouping to student behaviors in a manner that supports the concerns raised by ability grouping critics. Children in low ability groups show slower development in approaches to learning than comparable ungrouped children. Children in high ability groups show more accelerated development in all psycho-social attributes considered (approaches to learning, interpersonal skills, self control and externalizing problem behaviors) than comparable ungrouped children. These asymmetrical findings suggest that children placed in high and low ability groups are socialized into different versions of the student role.
Emulating an MIMD architecture

As part of a research effort in parallel processor architecture and programming, the Ultracomputer group at New York University has done extensive simulation of parallel programs. To speed up these simulations, we have developed a parallel processor emulator, using the microprogrammable PUMA Computer System previously designed and built at NYU.
Nonselective angiography of the internal mammary artery: A fast, reliable, and safe technique

Selective cannulation of the mammary artery can be time consuming and carries a risk of arterial injury. The nonselective technique described here is faster, safer, and as reliable as the standard selective technique. A consecutive series of patients with previous coronary atery bypass graft surgery (CABG) were randomized to undergo either selective or nonselective mammary artery angiography. Selective angiography was performed using the standard selective technique. Nonselective angiography was performed by placing a standard catheter in the subclavian artery and hand injecting 10 ml of contrast while inflating a blood pressure cuff 10 mm above the systolic pressure in the ipsilateral arm. Fifty-six patients were studied, 30 patients selectively, and 26 patients nonselectively. The time to visualize adequately both native and grafted mammary arteries in the selective group was 4.83 + 5.00 min and in the nonselective group 1.76 + 1.16 minutes (P = 0.006). A nonselective technique for visualizing the mammary artery is significantly faster and as reliable as the standard selective technique. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Developing object-oriented parallel iterative methods

In this paper, we describe our work developing an object-oriented parallel toolkit on OO-MPI. We are developing a parallelised implementation of the multi-view tomography toolbox, an iterative solver for a range of tomography problems. The code is developed in object-oriented C++. The MVT toolbox is presently used by researchers in the field of tomography to solve linear and non-linear forward modelling problems. The performance of the toolbox is heavily dependent on the performance of a small number of classes present in the IML++ library. This paper describes our experience parallelising a sparse matrix algorithm provided in the IML++ object-oriented numerical library. This library comprises a number of iterative algorithms. In this work, we present a parallel version of BiCGSTAB algorithm and the block-ILU preconditioner. These two algorithms are implemented in C++ using OOMPI (object-oriented MPI), and run on a 32-node Beowulf cluster. These two routines are also fundamental to obtaining good performance when using the parallelised version of the MVT toolbox. We also demonstrate the importance of using threads to overlap communication and computation, as an effective path to obtain improved speedup.
On the distribution of sulfate in heparin

Abstract The crystalline barium acid salt of heparin (after conversion into the sodium salt) was oxidized with periodate, whereby its d -glucuronic acid residues were destroyed. The oxidized material was reduced with borohydride; the product was treated with acid, and then deaminated with nitrous acid. From the deamination mixture, 2,5-anhydro- aldehydo - d -mannose 6-sulfate was isolated as its crystalline brucinium salt, and identified by comparison with authentic material. This work definitively places the two sulfate groups (per tetrasaccharide unit) on C-6 of the 2-amino-2-deoxy- d -glucose residues, and shows that the d -glucuronic acid residues are not sulfated.
The development and treatment of oral-motor dysfunction: A review of clinical Research

Recent legislature actions have focused attention on the need to provide comprehensive educational and habilitative services to persons who are severely and profoundly handicapped. One important area of programming, directed to meeting the needs of this population, is the development and training of feeding skills. The social functions of eating in our culture and the importance of establishing and empirically validating intervention strategies designed to remediate oral-motor dysfunction are discussed. The evolution of therapies based on neuro-developmental and sensorimotor facilitation procedures and the efficacy of these therapies in remediating feeding disorders are reviewed. The implications of severe feeding dysfunction for the health of the severely and profoundly handicapped are highlighted, and the need for continued research in this area is emphasized.
HeLP MN Seniors: Workshops to Improve the Health Literacy Skills of Older Adults

Health literacy in the senior adult population is a concern to many who provide consumer health information. The Health Literacy Program for Minnesota Seniors (HeLP MN Seniors) is an evidence-based health literacy program designed to increase the health literacy skills of the senior population. Those interested in presenting the materials to their communities can take advantage of the freely available HeLP MN Seniors assessment, evaluation, and workshop materials.
A NEUROPATHOLOGICAL STUDY OF ACUTE HUMAN POLIO-MYELITIS WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE INITIAL LESION AND TO VARIOUS POTENTIAL PORTALS OF ENTRY.

The peripheral and central nervous tissues of eight patients dying of acute poliomyelitis were examined histologically to discover whether and to what extent the distribution of lesions was consistent with the hypothesis that virus enters the mucous membranes through the superficial nerve fibers, infects the neurons in peripheral ganglia, and proceeds thence into the central nervous system to infect connecting centers. Evidence consistent with this hypothesis was found in all cases. Based on concurrent lesions in the primary and secondary centers, the frequency of involvement of the various systems and the probability of their having acted as primary pathways for entering infection may be summarized as follows:— (a) Trigeminal afferent system (V cranial): very frequent. (b) Visceral afferent system (IX and X cranial): fairly common but less than V. (c) Gustatory system (VII, IX, and X cranial): occasional. (d) Sympathetic system, upper levels (pharynx, bronchial tree, upper esophagus): occasional. (e) Sympathetic system, lower (intestine): occasional or doubtful. (f) Vagal efferent (parasympathetic) system (X cranial) and olfactory (I cranial) system: uninvolved. In general, the evidence of penetration through the upper alimentary and respiratory tracts was more conspicuous and consistent than through the lower alimentary tract. The pharynx appears to be an especially favorable site for the primary penetration of virus into the body. Our data suggest that the primary lesion of poliomyelitis occurs in the peripheral ganglia. Primary invasion through the sympathetics results in initial involvement of the central nervous system at the spinal level; invasion through all the other channels described results in initial involvement of the central nervous system at the level of the brainstem (midbrain, pons, medulla). In neither instance does the level of initial involvement necessarily determine the site of initial paralysis.
Measurement of field complex noise using a novel acoustic detection system

This paper represents our recent experimental measurement study of the complex noise in industrial fields, using a novel acoustic detection system and wavelet transform algorithms. Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) continues to be one of the most prevalent occupational hazards in the United States. Number of research on NIHL showed a complex noise could produce more hearing loss than an energy-equivalent continuous or impulsive noise alone. Many workplaces in varied industries are subjected to the high level complex noise (i.e., high-level impulsive noise mixed with continuous Gaussian noise). The current noise measurement guidelines and devices (e.g., conventional sound level meters) are based on the equal energy hypothesis (EEH), which states that loss of hearing by exposure to noise is proportional to the total acoustic energy of the exposure. However, the EEH does not accurately rate the impulsive noise and the complex noise. Therefore, the conventional sound level meter may not be able to accurately assess the complex noise in industrial fields. In this project, a new waveform profile based noise measurement system has been developed for evaluation of the high level complex noise in industrial fields. The system consists of four ½″ condenser microphones, and it can simultaneously detect and record four waveforms of the complex noise with high sampling rate (125 KHz). In addition, a wavelet transform based signal analysis algorithm has been modified and implemented to characterize the complex noise. Pilot field measurements have been conducted in selected local coal mining fields (e.g., wet coal preparation plant and dry coal handling plant) using the developed system. The preliminary results showed that the system successfully detected and recorded waveforms of complex noise in industrial fields. The modified algorithm can decomposed the complex noise signals and display the detailed features in the time-frequency joint domain. The key parameters of complex noise can be determined, and the hazardous complex noise in industrial fields can be identified. In addition, when measuring the equivalent A-weighted averaged sound pressure level, the developed system is comparable to a conventional sound level meter.
BEYOND SIMPLE EXPOSURE: Media Orientations and Their Impact on Political Processes

This study adopts a broad approach to problems associated with confusion in the literature on media orientations and political processes. Three different dependent variables representing cognition, attitude and behavior are examined in relation to multiple measures of media dependence: time spent, reliance, exposure to content, level of attention and gratifications sought. Results suggest complex relationships between media use and the dependent variables and again confirm an integrative role for television that is often hidden in analyses based on simple exposure time.
Flight Qualified Pulsed Electric Thruster for Satellite Control

Abstract : A solid fuel pulsed plasma thruster (PPT) has been designed, built and flight qualified for the LES-8/9 program (due to be launched in March 1975). The satellite attitude control system will contain six PPTs for orbit acquisition, east-west stationkeeping, three-axis attitude control and station changes. Each thruster has fuel for 2650 lb-s total impulse and at 25 w generates 69 micropounds thrust at 1100 s specific impulse. A prototype thruster has passed flight qualification shock and vibration tests and operational lifetime. (Modified author abstract)
Inhibition of selected fungi by bacterial isolates from Tripsacum dactyloides L.

A bacterium (Pseudomonas sp.), which was repeatedly isolated from the caryopses of the grass,Tripsacum dactyloides, inhibited the growth of selected species of fungi, includingPenicillium chrysogenum, Rhizopus stolonifer, andTrichoderma viride. This inhibition may prevent fungal decomposition of caryopses ofT. dactyloides.
Real-space calculations of atomic and molecular polarizabilities using asymptotically correct exchange-correlation potentials

The static electric dipole polarizabilities for a variety of atoms and molecules are calculated using a finite-field method based on ab initio pseudopotential density functional theory. The calculations are performed in real space without an explicit basis. We employ different representations of the exchange-correlation potential: the local density approximation, generalized gradient approximation, and asymptotically corrected functionals introduced by van Leeuwen and Baerends and by Casida and Salahub. Our calculations show that the computed values of polarizabilities are strongly influenced by the asymptotic behavior of the density functional exchange-correlation potential. The accuracy of theoretical atomic and molecular polarizabilities is substantially improved by the use of asymptotically correct exchange-correlation functionals. This result can be explained in terms of electronic excitation energies and the polarizability sum rule.
Expression of the rice yellow mottle virus P1 protein in vitro and in vivo and its involvement in virus spread.

Abstract Rice yellow mottle sobemovirus (RYMV) is responsible for the yellow mottle disease on rice in Africa. The expression and function of the protein P1 (17.8 kDa) encoded by the first open reading frame (ORF) of RYMV was investigated. Using an antibody raised against purified P1, two proteins with apparent molecular masses of 18 and 19 kDa were identified in in vitro translation reactions of transcripts of the full-length cDNA of RYMV. Likewise, gene products with similar molecular mass were detected in inoculated and systemically infected rice leaves and in infected rice protoplasts. A mutant from which ORF1 nucleotides 88 to 547 were deleted and a frameshift mutant that resulted in truncation of 83 amino acids from the C terminus of P1 were incapable of replicating in protoplasts. In contrast, a mutant that does not express P1 due to a mutation at the initiation codon replicated efficiently in protoplasts but at a reduced level (about 0.5- to 2-fold less) compared to replication of wild-type RNA. None of these mutants caused systemic infection in rice plants. Transgenic rice plants that express P1 complemented the initiation codon mutant, but not the deletion mutants, and produced systemic infection. These experiments demonstrate that P1 of RYMV is dispensible for virus replication, although nucleotide deletions or additions in ORF1 are apparently lethal for virus replication. Furthermore, P1 of RYMV is required for the infection of plants and is important for virus spread.
Sex differences, hormones, and fMRI stress response circuitry deficits in psychoses

Response to stress is dysregulated in psychosis (PSY). fMRI studies showed hyperactivity in hypothalamus (HYPO), hippocampus (HIPP), amygdala (AMYG), anterior cingulate (ACC), orbital and medial prefrontal (OFC; mPFC) cortices, with some studies reporting sex differences. We predicted abnormal steroid hormone levels in PSY would be associated with sex differences in hyperactivity in HYPO, AMYG, and HIPP, and hypoactivity in PFC and ACC, with more severe deficits in men. We studied 32 PSY cases (50.0% women) and 39 controls (43.6% women) using a novel visual stress challenge while collecting blood. PSY males showed BOLD hyperactivity across all hypothesized regions, including HYPO and ACC by FWE-correction. Females showed hyperactivity in HIPP and AMYG and hypoactivity in OFC and mPFC, the latter FWE-corrected. Interaction of group by sex was significant in mPFC (F = 7.00, p = 0.01), with PSY females exhibiting the lowest activity. Male hyperactivity in HYPO and ACC was significantly associated with hypercortisolemia post-stress challenge, and mPFC with low androgens. Steroid hormones and neural activity were dissociated in PSY women. Findings suggest disruptions in neural circuitry-hormone associations in response to stress are sex-dependent in psychosis, particularly in prefrontal cortex.