cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Embarrassment and Erving Goffman's idea of human nature

What is the distinctively human manifestation of emotion? According to Darwin, it is blushing: "Blushing is the most peculiar and the most human of all expressions. Monkeys redden from passion, but it would require an overwhelming amount of evidence to make us believe that any animal could blush." (Darwin's contemporary, Mark Twain, agreed: "Man is the only animal that blushes. Or needs to.") We blush because of our "sensitive regard for the opinion, more particularly, for the depreciation of others." But Darwin explains: "It is not the simple act of reflecting on our own appearance, but the thinking what others think of us, which excites a blush."' That is a line to warm the heart of any social scientist who believes that society is a moral order sustained by the individual's internalization of thejudgments of significant other people in the world. And yet, sociology has not paid great attention to blushing or to the social situations that give rise to it. If Darwin is correct that the capacity for blushing is a distinguishing characteristic of the human being, then the social sciences have been remiss in failing to investigate it.
An approach to the optimum design of computer graphics systems

Display system designers are faced with the difficult task of selecting major subsystems in an intelligent way. Each subsystem is chosen from large numbers of alternatives; the selection is based on considerations such as system response time, system cost, and the distribution of data storage and processing between the graphics processor and its supporting data processing system. The work reported here develops an objective, quantitative design procedure and helps give a better understanding of how to configure display systems. This is accomplished by means of a mathematical model of a computer driven graphics system.The parameters of the model are functions of the capabilities of the graphics hardware and of the computational requirements of the graphics application. The model can be analyzed using numerical queueing analysis or simulation to obtain an average response time prediction. By combining the model with an optimization, the best graphics system configuration, subject to a cost constraint, is found for several applications. The optimum configurations are in turn used to find general display system design guidelines.
Pre- and post-fire pollutant loads in an urban fringe watershed in Southern California

Post-fire runoff has the potential to be a large source of contaminants to downstream areas. However, the magnitude of this effect in urban fringe watersheds adjacent to large sources of airborne contaminants is not well documented. The current study investigates the impacts of wildfire on stormwater contaminant loading from the upper Arroyo Seco watershed, burned in 2009. This watershed is adjacent to the Greater Los Angeles, CA, USA area and has not burned in over 60 years. Consequently, it acts as a sink for regional urban pollutants and presents an opportunity to study the impacts of wildfire. Pre- and post-fire storm samples were collected and analyzed for basic cations, trace metals, and total suspended solids. The loss of vegetation and changes in soil properties from the fire greatly increased the magnitude of storm runoff, resulting in sediment-laden floods carrying high concentrations of particulate-bound constituents. Post-fire concentrations and loads were up to three orders of magnitude greater than pre-fire values for many trace metals, including lead and cadmium. A shift was also observed in the timing of chemical delivery, where maximum suspended sediment, trace metal, and cation concentrations coincided with, rather than preceded, peak discharge in the post-fire runoff, amplifying the fire's impacts on mass loading. The results emphasize the importance of sediment delivery as a primary mechanism for post-fire contaminant transport and suggest that traditional management practices that focus on treating only the early portion of storm runoff may be less effective following wildfire. We also advocate that watersheds impacted by regional urban pollutants have the potential to pose significant risk for downstream communities and ecosystems after fire.
Clinical Indication for Use and Outcomes After Inhaled Nitric Oxide Therapy

Background Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) use is widespread, but the long-term outcomes after therapy in adult patients remain unknown. Methods All 376 patients receiving perioperative iNO (excluding pediatric and interventional cardiology procedures) at Columbia University Medical Center were prospectively followed from 2000 to 2003. Survival data were collected from chart review. Results Inhaled nitric oxide was used to treat pulmonary and right ventricular failure in patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT, n=67), orthotopic lung transplantation (n = 45), cardiac surgery (n = 105), and ventricular assist device placement (n = 66), and for hypoxemia in other surgery (n = 34) and medical patients (n = 59). Average follow-up was 2.9 ± 1.0 years. Overall mortality was lowest when iNO was used after OHT (25.4%) and orthotopic lung transplantation (37.8%), intermediately after cardiac surgery (61%), ventricular assist device (62%), and other surgery patients (75%), and highest among medical patients (90%; all p p = 0.001). A risk score greater than 1 (score = non-OHT use 1, plus right ventricular failure 1) predicted a mortality of 76.5% versus 37.2% ( p Conclusions Use of iNO for pulmonary hypertension in patients undergoing OHT and orthotopic lung transplantation was associated with a significantly lower overall mortality rate compared with its use after cardiac surgery or for hypoxemia in medical patients. Inhaled nitric oxide does not appear to be cost effective when treating hypoxemia in medical patients with high-risk scores and irreversible disease.
Comparison of the comet assay and the oxygen microelectrode for measuring tumor oxygenation in head-and-neck cancer patients.

Abstract Purpose To compare the Eppendorf Po 2 histograph and the alkaline comet assay as methods of measuring tumor hypoxia in patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinomas. Materials and methods As part of a larger clinical trial, 65 patients with head-and-neck squamous cell carcinoma nodal metastasis underwent tumor oxygenation measurements with Eppendorf Po 2 histographs and comet assays, performed on fine-needle aspirates at 1 and 2 min after 5 Gy. Fifty-four patients had sufficient tumor cells for comet analysis at 1 min and 26 at both 1 and 2 min. Individual cells were examined for DNA single-strand breaks by alkaline gel electrophoresis, and the distribution of values was quantified using median tail moment (MTM). Nonirradiated tumor cells from pretreatment fine-needle aspirates received 5 Gy in vitro to establish the oxygenated response. Results There was a significant correlation between the 1- and 2-min MTM ( slope = 0.77 ± 0.03). There was no relationship between DNA damage in tumor cells irradiated in vitro and in vivo . No correlation was found between Eppendorf Po 2 measurements and comet MTM. There was a statistically significant correlation between the treatment response in the node studied and comet MTMs, whereas no correlation was observed between treatment response and Eppendorf measurements. Conclusion Comet assays are reproducible, as shown by biopsies at 1 and 2 min. Intertumor variation in the MTM is not a result of intrinsic radiosensitivity but of tumor hypoxia. There was no correlation between Eppendorf Po 2 measurements and comet MTM. Comet assays were better than Eppendorf in predicting treatment response as an end point for short-term outcome. Longer follow-up is needed to determine the role of the comet assay as a predictor for locoregional tumor control and survivals.
Turbulent spectra of the brightest gamma-ray flares of blazars

We investigate the spectral properties of the brightest gamma-ray flares of blazars detected by the Fermi Large Area Telescope. We search for the presence of spectral breaks and measure the spectral curvature on typical time scales of a few days. We identify significant spectral breaks in fewer than half of the analyzed flares, but their parameters do not show any discernible regularities, and in particular there is no indication for gamma-ray absorption at any fixed source-frame photon energy. More interestingly, we find that the studied blazars are characterized by significant spectral variability. Gamma-ray flares of short duration are often characterized by strong spectral curvature, with the spectral peak located above 100 MeV. Since these spectral variations are observed despite excellent photon statistics, they must reflect temporal fluctuations in the energy distributions of the emitting particles. We suggest that highly regular gamma-ray spectra of blazars integrated over long time scales emerge from a superposition of many short-lived irregular components with relatively narrow spectra. This would imply that the emitting particles are accelerated in strongly turbulent environments.
The Callipyge gene of sheep

Abstract The callipyge locus is characterized by a novel form of nonmendelian inheritance, referred to as polar overdominance. Acquiring a molecular understanding of this novel biological phenomenon will contribute to the understanding of complex traits, including those in the human. The proposed strategy to clone the callipyge gene is one of positional candidate cloning. This strategy aims at exploiting (a) the available human transcript map, and (b) the remarkable conservation of genome organization amongst mammals, thereby allowing us to apply the advances of the Human Genome Initiative to the ovine species.
α-Synuclein, Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase-2, and Manganese in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease

Parkinson disease (PD) is the most common movement disorder. It is characterized by bradykinesia, postural instability, resting tremor, and rigidity associated with the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Another pathological hallmark of PD is the presence of α-synuclein proteiniacous inclusions, known as Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites, in some of the remaining dopaminergic neurons. Mounting evidence indicates that both genetic and environmental factors contribute to the etiology of PD. For example, genetic mutations (duplications, triplications or missense mutations) in the α-synuclein gene can lead to PD, but even in these patients, age-dependent physiological changes or environmental exposures appear to be involved in disease presentation. Several additional alterations in many other genes have been established to either cause or increase the risk of parkinson disease. More specifically, autosomal dominant missense mutations in the gene for leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2/PARK8) are the most common known cause of PD. Recently it was shown that G2019S, the most common diseasing-causing mutant of LRRK2, has dramatic effects on the kinase activity of LRRK2: while activity of wild-type LRRK2 is inhibited by manganese, the G2019S mutation abrogates this inhibition. Based on the in vitro kinetic properties of LRRK2 in the presence of manganese, we proposed that LRRK2 may be a sensor of cytoplasmic manganese levels and that the G2019S mutant has lost this function. This finding, alongside a growing number of studies demonstrating an interaction between PD-associated proteins and manganese, suggest that dysregulation of neuronal manganese homeostasis over a lifetime can play an important role in the etiology of PD.
Human parvovirus infection in patients with sickle cell disease with and without hypoplastic crisis

Presque toutes les crises hypoplasiques chez les enfants avec anemie a hematies falciformes etaient associees a une infection aigue a parvovirus. Mais toutes les infections a parvovirus chez ces enfants ne provoquent pas des crises hypoplasiques cliniquement apparentes
Perforin binding to cells and lipid membranes determined by a simple competition assay

Perforin-mediated lysis consists of at least three steps: perforin binding to the target cell, insertion into the plasma membrane, and polymerization to form pores. Perforin binding, the first step, is critical for pore formation. Accordingly, a competition assay was here established for detecting the perforin-binding activities of nucleated cells and lipid membrane vesicles such as cytoplasts or liposomes. The competition assay has certain advantages over the 51Cr release assay, since no isotope and less perforin are needed for the competition assay, and the perforin-binding activity of liposomes and proteolytic enzyme-treated and fixed nucleated cells can also be detected. The competition assay was used to study the mechanism of resistance of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) to perforin-mediated lysis. The results from this assay indicate that perforin-binding activity is not a function of membrane rigidity, and that there is a direct correlation between the ability of cells to bind perforin and their susceptibility to lysis by perforin, i.e., resistant CTL and their corresponding cytoplasts bind perforin much less effectively than susceptible tumor cells and their cytoplasts. A model is proposed whereby a surface molecule or complex of molecules on CTL interferes with perforin-binding activity, thus protecting CTL from perforin-mediated lysis.
What is a picture worth? A history of remote sensing / Quelle est la valeur d'une image? Un tour d'horizon de télédétection

Abstract Remote sensing is the use of electromagnetic energy to measure the physical properties of distant objects. It includes photography and geophysical surveying as well as newer techniques that use other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The history of remote sensing begins with photography. The origin of other types of remote sensing can be traced to World War II, with the development of radar, sonar, and thermal infrared detection systems. Since the 1960s, sensors have been designed to operate in virtually all of the electromagnetic spectrum. Today a wide variety of remote sensing instruments are available for use in hydrological studies; satellite data, such as Skylab photographs and Landsat images are particularly suitable for regional problems and studies. Planned future satellites will provide a ground resolution of 10–80 m. Remote sensing is currently used for hydrological applications in most countries of the world. The range of applications includes groundwater exploration determination...
Variations in the apparent effects of “right” and “wrong” on subsequent behavior

Summary Two experiments were performed to investigate the relative reinforcement values of saying Right or Wrong following a response. In Experiment I 96 S s were read a list of 40 common English words and instructed to say 1, 3, 5, or 7 after each. Two procedural variants were employed. In each, some of S s' responses were followed by Right , some by Wrong , and some by Nothing. On a test trial S responded to the same words in a new order. Each S was exposed to four such lists, two under each procedure. In Experiment II, S s had two lists with four response alternatives, and two lists with two alternatives. Two replications of Experiment II contained 32 and 64 S s respectively. With four alternatives S repeated responses to the same stimuli more often when Right followed the responses than when Nothing did. With two alternatives there were fewer repetitions following Wrong than following Nothing. With four alternatives there was no effect of Wrong and with two alternatives, no effect of Right . Possible explanations of these results are discussed.
The paramagnetic susceptibility of chromium hydride

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of chromium hydride increases from 3·5 × 10 −6 c.g.s. for pure Cr metal to 14·0 × 10 −6 c.g.s. at CrH 1·4 . On removal of hydrogen at room temperature the susceptibility remains high and this may be related to the formation of a defective hexagonal phase for CrH . The hexagonal phase can also exist for CrH >1·0 when it is probably metal deficient. The activation energy for the decomposition of chromium hydride is 2·36 ± 0·02 kcal/mole.
Disparities in Unmet Dental Need and Dental Care Received by Pregnant Women in Maryland

To examine prenatal dental care needs, utilization and oral health counseling among Maryland women who delivered a live infant during 2001–2003 and identify the factors associated with having a dental visit and having an unmet dental need during pregnancy. Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System is an ongoing population based surveillance system that collects information of women’s attitudes and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to model dental visits and unmet dental need using predictor variables for Maryland 2001–2003 births. Less than half of all women reported having a dental visit and receiving oral health advice during pregnancy. Twenty-five percent of women reported a need for dental care, of which 33 % did not receive dental care despite their perceived need. Multivariate modeling revealed that racial minorities, women who were not married and those with annual income <$40,000 were least likely to have a dental visit. Women who were not married, had low annual income, were older than 40 years of age, had an unintended pregnancy and received prenatal care later than desired were most likely to have an unmet dental need during pregnancy. Despite reported needs and existing recommendations to include oral health as a component of prenatal care, less than half of pregnant women have a dental visit during their pregnancy. One-third of women with a dental problem did not have a dental visit highlighting the unmet need for dental care during pregnancy.
A novel PR channelizer-based architecture for estimation and correction of timing and gain mismatches in two channel TI-ADCs

In this paper we present a novel architecture for estimating and correcting time and gain mismatches in a two channel time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (TI-ADC) which is embedded in a digital communication receiver. TI-ADCs can offer a significant increase in the sample rate however their usage is limited due to the fact that their performance is strongly degraded by timing and gain mismatches between the channels. A standard mismatches estimation approach requires the inclusion of a pilot tone between the signal spectrum and DC. As an effect of the mismatches the aliased copy of the low frequency pilot tone shows up at high frequency where it is processed through an high-pass filter and used for the estimation. After the mismatches cancellation has been performed the low frequency pilot tone needs to be removed from the ‘clean’ signal spectrum which also needs be down converted to base-band. After the down conversion the sample rate has to be adjusted to be commensurate to the new reduced signal bandwidth. Modern software defined radio architectures are based on perfect reconstruction (PR) up and down converter channelizers. In this paper we present a novel architecture for estimating time and gain mismatches in two channel TI-ADCs which is based on PR channelizers and can be naturally embedded in modern digital radio receiver architectures. The PR polyphase channelizer engines provide us a compact and unique solution for filtering the aliased high frequency tone which is used for the mismatch estimation, canceling the low frequency tone and for down converting the corrected signal spectrum to base-band while adjusting its sample rate to the reduced bandwidth.
LBO-1.3 Syphilis infection and associated behaviours among transgender women, Chicago 2010

Background Transgender women are an underserved and understudied population with unique medical and behavioural risk profiles. High rates of STIs and HIV in this population have been reported, although accurately quantifying STI rates and associated risks is difficult because of limitations in measurement of gender identity, lack of standardised reporting measures, and conflation between Men who Have Sex with Men (MSM) and transgender identities. In 2009 we reported a substantial increase in syphilis among transgender women at our clinic (from two cases in 4 years to ten cases in 1 year); in 2010 we identified 20 new cases, another substantial increase. We sought to describe morbidity and behavioural characteristics of these cases to better understand trends among this population. Methods Data were gathered using clinic-based sentinel surveillance systems and through abstraction of Interview Records completed upon DIS interview. Results Transgender women represented an increasing proportion of total syphilis cases identified from 2009 (3.7% or 10/269) to 2010 (6.4% or 20/313). The 20 cases identified in 2010 were among 19 transgender women; one client was re-infected. Of these, 2 (10%) were primary, 12 (60%) were secondary, 5 (25%) were early latent, and 1 (5%) was latent of unknown duration syphilis. The mean age increased slightly from 21.4 years (range 19–24) in 2009 to 24.9 years (range 19–41) in 2010. Reported race/ethnicity included: 13 (65%) non-Hispanic black, 3 (15%) Hispanic, 2 (10%) non-Hispanic white, 1 (5%) Asian/Pacific Islander and 1 (5%) American Indian/Alaskan Native. HIV co-infection was similar to rates observed in Men who Have Sex with Men (MSM) populations (60%); 25% of HIV-positive clients had been diagnosed in the prior year. Forty-five per cent had a history of STI (non-HIV). High rates of transient housing (30%), unemployment (55%), incarceration (25%), and transactional sex (40%) in the prior 12 months were reported. Median number of sex partners in the past year was 10 (range 0–60). No common sex partners were named during case investigation interviews during 2009 or 2010. Conclusions Increases in syphilis among transgender women in Chicago highlight a need for enhanced screening and targeted prevention messages for this population. High levels of risk and HIV co-infection reflect potential for ongoing transmission of both HIV and other STIs.
Childhood adversity, mental health, and violent crime.

BACKGROUND: Little is understood about childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) and lifetime violent crime perpetration. OBJECTIVES: The purpose was to evaluate TBI before the age of 15 years and other childhood environmental factors, mental health, and lifetime history of committing a violent crime. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 636 male and female offenders from a southeastern state prison population was conducted using Chi-squared tests, t tests, and logistic regression to determine factors associated with ever committing a violent crime. RESULTS: Committing a violent crime was associated with male gender, younger age, greater childhood sexual abuse (CSA), greater childhood emotional abuse, no TBI by the age of 15 years, and greater neighborhood adversity during childhood. DISCUSSION: Although TBI has been related to violent and nonviolent crime, this study showed that absence of TBI by the age of 15 years was associated with lifetime violent crime when adjusting for CSA, childhood emotional abuse, and neighborhood adversity during childhood. This builds upon neurobehavioral development literature suggesting that CSA and the stress of violence exposure without direct physical victimization may play a more critical role in lifetime violent criminal behavior than childhood TBI. Violence risk reduction must occur during childhood focusing on decreasing adversity, especially violence exposure as a witness as well as a direct victim. Language: en
In vivo synaptic scaling is mediated by GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors in the embryonic spinal cord

When spiking activity within a network is perturbed for hours to days, compensatory changes in synaptic strength are triggered that are thought to be important for the homeostatic maintenance of network or cellular spiking activity. In one form of this homeostatic plasticity, called synaptic scaling, all of a cell's AMPAergic miniature postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) are increased or decreased by some scaling factor. Although synaptic scaling has been observed in a variety of systems, the mechanisms that underlie AMPAergic scaling have been controversial. Certain studies find that synaptic scaling is mediated by GluA2-lacking calcium receptors (CP-AMPARs), whereas others have found that scaling is mediated by GluA2-containing calcium-impermeable receptors (CI-AMPARs). Spontaneous network activity is observed in most developing circuits, and in the spinal cord this activity drives embryonic movements. Blocking spontaneous network activity in the chick embryo by infusing lidocaine in vivo triggers synaptic scaling in spinal motoneurons; here we show that AMPAergic scaling occurs through increases in mEPSC conductance that appear to be mediated by the insertion of GluA2-lacking AMPA receptors at the expense of GluA2-containing receptors. We have previously reported that in vivo blockade of GABAA transmission, at a developmental stage when GABA is excitatory, also triggered AMPAergic synaptic scaling. Here, we show that this form of AMPAergic scaling is also mediated by CP-AMPARs. These findings suggest that AMPAergic scaling triggered by blocking spiking activity or GABAA receptor transmission represents similar phenomena, supporting the idea that activity blockade triggers scaling by reducing GABAA transmission.
Twinkling fractal theory of the glass transition

In this paper we propose a solution to an unsolved problem in solid state physics, namely, the nature and structure of the glass transition in amorphous materials. The development of dynamic percolating fractal structures near T g is the main element of the Twinkling Fractal Theory (TFT) presented herein and the percolating fractal twinkles with a frequency spectrum F( ω ) ∼ ω df-1 exp - |AE|/kT as solid and liquid clusters interchange with frequency ω. The Orbach vibrational density of states for a fractal is g(ω) ∼ ω df-1 , where d f = 4/3 and the temperature dependent activation energy behaves as ΔE ∼ (T 2 - T g 2 ). The key concept of the TFT derives from the Boltzmann population of excited states in the anharmonic intermolecular potential between atoms, coupled with percolating solid fractal structures near T g . The twinkling fractal spectrum F(ω) at T g predicts the correct dynamic heterogeneity behavior via the spatio-temporal thermal fluctuation autocorrelation relaxation function C(t). This function behaves as C(t) ∼ t -1/3 (short times), C(t) ∼ t 4/3 (long times) and C(t) ∼ t -2 (ω < ω c ), which were found to be in excellent agreement with published nanoscale AFM dielectric force fluctuation experiments on a glassy polymer near T g . Using the Morse potential, the TFT predicts that T g = 2D o /9k, where D o is the interatomic bonding energy ∼2-5 kcal/mol and is comparable to the heat of fusion ΔH f . Because anharmonicity controls both the thermal expansion coefficient α L and T g , the TFT uniquely predicts that α L XT g ≈ 0.03, which is found to be universal for a broad range of glassy materials from Pyrex to polymers to glycerol. Below T g , the glassy structure attains a frustrated nonequilibrium state by getting constrained on the fractal structure and the thermal expansion in the glass is reduced by the percolation threshold p c as α g ≈ p c α L . The change in heat capacity ΔC p = C pL -C pg at T g was found to be related to the change in dimensionality from D f to 3 in the Debye approximation as the ratio C pL /C pg = 3/D f , where D f is the fractal dimension of the glass. For polymers, the TFT describes the molecular weight dependence of T g , the role of crosslinks on T g , the Flory-Fox rule of mixtures and the WLF relation for the time-temperature shift factor αT, which are traditionally viewed in terms of Free-Volume theory. The TFT offers new insight into the behavior of nano-confined glassy materials and the dynamics of physical aging. It also predicts the relation between the melting point T m and T g as T m /T g = 1/[1-p c ] ≈ 2. The TFT is universal to all glass forming liquids.
The Ties That Bind Desistance From Gangs

The present study conceptualizes gang membership in a life-course framework. The authors focus specifically on an understudied aspect of gang membership—desistance. This study’s goal is to further develop our understanding of the process of desisting from gangs. This is done by examining the social and emotional ties that former gang members maintain with their previous gang network. Using a detention sample of juvenile arrestees, the authors first compare differences between 156 current and 83 former gang members at a bivariate level. This is followed by a multivariate analysis of former gang members that (a) examines factors that predict increases of ties to the former gang network and (b) illustrates the importance of gang ties by exploring their effects on victimization. The findings shed light on the correlates and consequences of persisting gang ties. In particular, it is found that ties have direct positive effects on recent victimizations. More important, it is found that longer lengths of desista...
Labetalol for prophylactic treatment of intractable migraine during pregnancy

Headaches tend to improve in the majority of migraineurs during pregnancy, but some patients report a worsening of migraine and present a management challenge because of the restrictions of pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Treatment options become even more limited for pregnant migraineurs who develop preeclampsia. Labetalol was tried successfully in reducing the frequency, duration, and intensity of migraine attacks in a pregnant woman with preeclampsia. There were no significant side effects and the patient delivered a healthy baby without complications.
The effects of mild traumatic brain injury on confrontation naming in adults

Primary objective: To compare confrontation-naming in adults with MTBI to a group of normal adults under increased processing load conditions.Research design: A randomized block, repeated measures design was used to examine confrontation-naming response latency and accuracy using a computerized experimental program.Methods and procedures: Twenty-four adults having sustained a MTBI (aged 18–53) and 24 age-matched controls named pictures from three levels of vocabulary as quickly and accurately as possible. All MTBI participants were assessed with the Scales of Cognitive Ability for Traumatic Brain Injury(SCATBI) for later comparison.Main outcomes and results: The results revealed a main effect of group ( p ≤ 0.001) for the latency data and a group by vocabulary level interaction ( p = 0.043) for the accuracy data. No significant correlations were found between response latency and accuracy with performance on the SCATBI. Reaction time measures may reveal inefficiencies not tapped by traditional measures.
Transition Research with Temperature-Sensitive Paints in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel

Abstract : The Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel (BAM6QT) is used for the study of noise effects on transition. A 12-inch ball valve was installed in the BAM6QT in April 2011, replacing a slow gate valve. This ball valve allows the tunnel to run without the use of diaphragms, though experiments are still typically run with the double burst diaphragm system. Four projects in the BAM6QT are also described in this paper. The first project tested a method of calibrating temperature-sensitive paints using Schmidt-Boelter heat transfer gauges. A 7-deg half-angle cone was tested at 0-deg angle of attack and compared to theory. The second project tested two von Karman ogive models. On the 7.62-cm- diameter ogive model at 0-deg angle of attack, the flow remained laminar for a smooth nosetip, a nosetip with a two-dimensional roughness strip, and a nosetip with distributed roughness. Isolated roughness elements larger than 51 m cause transition on this model at higher Reynolds numbers. A smaller 5.08-cm-diameter ogive model was constructed to allow the model to start at 2-deg angle of attack and to prevent a reflected bow shock from impinging on the model. Transition occurred on the lee ray on the smaller model. Forward-facing and aft-facing steps on the model nosetip did not appear to affect transition. Third, a 3-m circular-arc flared cone was run in different axial positions in the tunnel to determine if there was an effect. Sensors were also installed aft of the model to try to measure noise levels with an installed model in an attempt to show that transition occurs on the cone in fully quiet flow. For the last project, roughness dots were added to the same flared cone in an attempt to change vortex spacing. The flared cone remains a subject for future research.
Effect of recombinant growth hormone treatment on children with Crohn's disease and short stature: A pilot study

Background: Growth failure frequently complicates Crohn's disease in childhood. Abnormalities in the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis may occur. The effects of administered GH on growth have not been studied previously in a randomized trial. Methods: Seven children (6 boys and 1 girl; age, 11.9-16 yr) with Crohn's disease and growth failure were enrolled. In phase 1, patients were randomized to either GH (0.05 mg/kg per day) or placebo; in phase 2, patients who received placebo during the first year received GH for various time periods. Follow-up was every 3 months for up to 2 years. Results: During placebo treatment (4 patients), mean height-for-age z score (haz) increased 0.23 in the first half year and 0.55 in the second half year. The mean improvement in haz during the first half year of GH treatment (7 patients) was 0.13; during the second half year (5 patients), haz decreased 0.01. Effects of GH varied among patients; 2 patients grew only when nutritional supplementation was added. Observed changes were not statistically significant; however, the number of patients studied was small, and statistical analyses could have been affected by sample size. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 levels correlated with height velocity. Only 2 patients later reached expected adult height. Conclusions: In this pilot study, GH treatment at the dose given did not stimulate growth in children with Crohn's disease and short stature. Whether or not GH plus nutritional therapy would be effective in promoting sustained catch-up growth remains to be determined.
Rapid Effect of Testosterone on Ribonucleic Acid Polymerase Activity of Rat Ventral Prostate

The RNA polymerase activity of the purified nuclei from the prostate of castrated rats was measured shortly after the subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate to the animals. A significant enhancement of RNA polymerase activity was demonstrable within a few hours after the single injection of the androgen if the enzyme activity was measured in a reaction mixture of a relatively low ionic strength. Under the same conditions, RNA polymerase activity of thymus or liver nuclei of orchiectomized rats was not increased by the administration of testosterone to the animals. (Endocrinology 77: 763, 1965)
A three‐dimensional model of the δ‐opioid pharmacophore: Comparative molecular modeling of peptide and nonpeptide ligands

A comparative molecular modeling study of delta-opioid ligands was performed under the assumption that potent peptide and nonpeptide agonists may have common three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of pharmacophore groups upon binding to the delta-receptor. Low-energy conformations of the agonists 7-spiroindanyloxymorphone (SIOM) and 2-methyl-4a-alpha-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,3,4,4a,5,12, 12a-alpha-octahydro-quinolino[2,3,3-g]isoquinoline (TAN-67), and a partial agonist oxomorphindole (OMI) were determined by high-temperature molecular dynamics (MD). A good spatial overlap was found for the pharmacophore groups of SIOM, TAN-67, and OMI, including the basic nitrogen, phenol hydroxyl, and two aromatic ring. Based on this overlap we proposed a 3D pharmacophore model for nonpeptide delta-opioid agonists with a distance of 7.0 +/- 1.3 A between the two aromatic rings and of 8.2 +/- 1.0 A between the nitrogen and phenyl ring. The potent and highly delta-opioid receptor selective agonist [(2S,3R)-TMT(1)]DPDPE, which shares global backbone constraints of the 14-membered disulfide cycle and a strong preference for the trans rotamer of the TMT(1) side chain, was chosen as a peptide template of the delta-opioid pharmacophore. Extensive MD simulations at 300 K with the AMBER force field were performed for [(2S,3R)-TMT(1)]DPDPE and the less potent [(2S, 3S)-TMT(1)]DPDPE analogue. Multiple MD trajectories were collected for each peptide starting from the x-ray structures of DPDPE and [L-Ala(3)]DPDPE and from models proposed in the literature. Low-energy MD conformations were filtered by the nonpeptide pharmacophore query and then directly superimposed with SIOM, OMI, and TAN-67. Two conformers of [(2S,3R)-TMT(1)]DPDPE that showed the best overlap with the nonpeptide pharmacophore (rms deviation </= 1. 0 A for N,O atoms and centroids of two aromatic rings) were selected as possible delta-receptor binding conformations. These conformations have similar backbone structures, and trans rotamers of the TMT(1) side-chain group. They are reasonably close to the crystal structure of [L-Ala(3)]DPDPE, and differ significantly from the crystal structure of DPDPE. The conformer with a gauche(-) rotamer of Phe(4) is most consistent with structure-activity relationships of delta-opioid peptides. The proposed 3D models were used for rational design of new nonpeptide delta-receptor ligands.
Investigation of Engine Thrust Correlation Methods for Enclosed Test Cells

A test cell correlation program was carried out by the General Electric Company (GE) to establish a relationship between the performance of a designated F404 gas turbine engine in the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC) test cell No.5 and the GE test cell 108 at Lynn, Massachusetts. General Electric reported on the test results and provided a test cell correlation method. The test data and methods have been subsequently analyzed. Simplified methods were examined to provide ready means of correlating other test facilities. Two correlation methods are proposed which compare well with the manufacturer’s results.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
The effects of cyanide on brain mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and respiratory activities

Brain mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase and respiratory activities were compared after in vivo and in vitro exposure to cyanide. For the in vivo studies, mice were exposed to a non-lethal (4 mg kg-1) or lethal (20 mg kg-1) dose of KCN. From these mice, purified brain mitochondria were prepared and cytochrome oxidase and respiratory activities measured. Results of these experiments revealed greater inhibition of cytochrome oxidase activity following a lethal (20 mg kg-1) than a non-lethal (4 mg kg-1) KCN dose (57 and 45% inhibition, respectively). Respiration states 3 and 4 of brain mitochondria prepared from mice that received 4 mg kg-1 KCN were inhibited by 15 and 20%, respectively. In mice that received a lethal 20 mg kg-1 KCN dose, respiration states 3 and 4 were each inhibited by ca. 30% (P 50% inhibition of mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase activity, these findings suggest that a large proportion of cytochrome oxidase activity may be functional reserve and that cyanide poisoning likely involves other mechanisms in addition to inhibition of cytochrome oxidase.
Occlusion of cremaster collateral circulation alters microvascular reactivity

Abstract Surgical preparation of the rat cremaster skeletal muscle for microvascular study usually involves occlusion of the deferential artery and vein which supply a collateral circulation to the tissue. This allows removal of the testis and ductus deferens, and permits direct observation of the cremaster microvasculature. We examined with intravital microscopy the effect of this occlusion on α-adrenergic and nonreceptor-mediated (KCl) constriction of large arterioles (1A, 136 μm i.d.) and venules (1V, 193 μm i.d.). The acutely denervated cremaster was suspended in a tissue bath containing propranolol to block β-adrenergic receptors. α 1 -adrenergic (norepinephrine (NE) + rauwolscine), α 2 -adrenergic (NE + prazosin), and KCl (+ phentolamine) concentration-response curves were obtained for bath-added agonists before vs after occlusion of the deferential circulation. Occlusion had no effect on baseline 1A diameter but increased 1V diameter slightly. Arteriolar α 1 - and α 2 -adrenergic sensitivities were unaffected by occlusion, but venular sensitivities were reduced by the same amount (approximately fourfold) for both receptor types. Occlusion increased arteriolar sensitivity to KCl but had no effect on venular KCl sensitivity. These data indicate that occlusion of the deferential collateral circulation can produce significant and varied effects on α-adrenoceptor and nonreceptor-mediated constriction of cremaster large arteriolar and venular smooth muscle, and underscore the need to avoid collateral occlusion for certain studies of the cremaster microcirculation.
Correlation between head size and letency of auditory brainstem response.

The correlation between the head size of 75 normally hearing adults and the latency of their auditory brainstem responses was investigated. Positive correlations were obtained between the head size and absolute latencies of wave III, V and the I-V interpeak latency. However, no correlations were obtained between the head size and the latency when separating sexes. The rank correlation analysis for male versus famale subjects produced significantly shorter latencies for female for both wave III and V absolute latency and I-V IPL. These analyses suggest that ABR norms should be developed separately for males and females, and that head size is not the only factor accounting for differences between the sexes in ABR latencies.
Child sexual abuse: Physical examination techniques and interpretation of findings

Abstract The incidence of child sexual abuse in the United States has been estimated at 100,000–200,000 cases per year. The large numbers of known or suspected child sexual abuse cases make this a major health care concern for physicians who treat children and adolescents. The physical examination techniques used in the prepubertal and young adolescent female and the most current and controversial issues in interpreting physical findings and microbiologic/laboratory results, as well as their legal ramifications, are emphasized in this review article. Because physicians are often called upon to evaluate and report an initial complaint of possible child sexual assault within 72 hours of the incident, it is imperative that he/she be well informed of the recommended techniques for physical examination, interpreting findings, detecting and treating sexually transmitted diseases, collecting forensic evidence, testifying in court, and offering guidance for psychological therapy.
Cogenetic late Pleistocene rhyolite and cumulate diorites from Augustine Volcano revealed by SIMS 238U‐230Th dating of zircon, and implications for silicic magma generation by extraction from mush

Augustine Volcano, a frequently active andesitic island stratocone, erupted a late Pleistocene rhyolite pumice fall that is temporally linked through zircon geochronology to cumulate dioritic blocks brought to the surface in Augustine's 2006 eruption. Zircon from the rhyolite yield a 238U-230Th age of ∼25 ka for their unpolished rims, and their interiors yield a bimodal age populations at ∼26 ka and a minority at ∼41 ka. Zircon from dioritic blocks, ripped from Augustine's shallow magmatic plumbing system and ejected during the 2006 eruption, have interiors defining a ∼26 ka age population that is indistinguishable from that for the rhyolite; unpolished rims on the dioritic zircon are dominantly younger (≤12 ka) indicating subsequent crystallization. Zircon from rhyolite and diorite overlap in U, Hf, Ti, and REE concentrations although diorites also contain a second population of high-U, high temperature grains. Andesites that brought dioritic blocks to the surface in 2006 contain zircon with young (≤9 ka) rims and a scattering of older ages, but few zircon that crystallized during the 26 ka interval. Both the Pleistocene-age rhyolite and the 2006 dioritic inclusions plot along a whole-rock compositional trend distinct from mid-Holocene–present andesites and dacites, and the diorites, rhyolite, and two early Holocene dacites define linear unmixing trends often oblique to the main andesite array and consistent with melt (rhyolite) extraction from a mush (dacites), leaving behind a cumulate amphibole-bearing residue (diorites). Rare zircon antecrysts up to ∼300 ka from all rock types indicate that a Quaternary center has been present longer than preserved surficial deposits.
“The Toy Store of Life”: Myth, Sport and the Mediated Reconstruction of the American Hero in the Shadow of the September 11th Terrorist Attacks

This article interrogates the shared public efforts of athletes, sports leagues, and media myth-makers to reshape America's relationship with sport as a contemporary myth system in the wake of the 9/11 terrorist attacks. A rhetorical analysis of several articles printed directly after the attacks reveals that the periodicals' coverage bolstered sport's mythic function in significant ways. These findings point to the role mediated messages continue to play in the reinforcement of contemporary American myths and underscore the extent to which enthusiasts persist in seeking mythological explanation, social grounding, and a symbolic experience of the divine in the achievements of modern stars of sport.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CORTICAL RECRUITING RESPONSES OBSERVED DURING WAKEFULNESS AND NATURAL SLEEP.

IN 1942, Morison and Dempsey1 demonstrated that low-frequency stimulation (8–12 c/s) of the intralaminar thalamic nuclei of the anaesthetized cat diffusely evoked recruiting responses on the cerebral cortex. These long-latency, large surface-negative responses are distributed widely over the hemispheres and reach their maximal size after repetitive shocks. Long-continued stimulation at appropriate frequencies leads to a periodic waxing and waning of these potentials.
Thiophene HDS chemistry on monolayer Ni films on W(1 1 0) and Ru(0 0 0 1)

Abstract The current paper presents a surface science study of the reaction pathways of thiophene on Ni/W(1 1 0) and Ni/Ru(0 0 0 1) surfaces. Using Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), we have shown that depositing Ni on a W(1 1 0) surface enhances the yield of the selective hydrodesulfurization (HDS) products, butene and butane. On Ni/W(1 1 0) surfaces with Ni coverages of 0.4 ML Ni, the butene product starts to desorb from the surface at ∼178 K. In contrast, at Ni coverages above 2 ML, the butene product desorbs in two peaks at 209 and 259 K. When H 2 is pre-adsorbed on the Ni/W(1 1 0) surface, both butene and butane are detected at temperatures between 179 and 200 K on surfaces with Ni coverages between 0.3 and 0.5 ML Ni. For comparison, the Ni/Ru(0 0 0 1) surfaces also produce butene from the HDS of thiophene at temperatures below 300 K. However, pre-adsorbed hydrogen has only a relatively minor effect on the overall HDS activity of thiophene on the 1 ML Ni/Ru(0 0 0 1) surface.
Using Parametric Statistics to Explore the Construct Validity of the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict Mode Survey:

This study investigated some psychometric properties associated with one of the most popular instruments used to assess conflict, the Thomas-Kilmann Conflict MODE Survey. A total of 603 individuals completed an adapted version of the MODE that used a 5-point Likert scale rather than a forced-choice response format. Factor analyses revealed that items assessing three of the conflict modes proposed by Kilmann and Thomas (competition, compromise, and collaboration) loaded as predicted, however, items measuring avoidance and accommodation did not. No evidence was found for the two-dimensional underlying structure proposed by Thomas (1976). In addition, discriminant analysis revealed significant differences in conflict management styles based on gender, education, and student status. There were no significant differences for age, years of supervisory or work experience, or organizational tenure. The differences with regard to student status were especially interesting because much of the MODE validity research...