cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
How Promoting a Merit-Based Immigration System Can Help Alleviate the DACA Problem

The Supreme Court began hearing arguments on November 12, 2019 as to whether the Department of Homeland Security’s decision to wind down the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals policy is judicially reviewable, and whether DHS’s decision to wind down the DACA policy is lawful. The likely wind down of DACA will affect more than 700,000 individuals who came to the U.S. as children without proper documentation, commonly referred to as “Dreamers,” after the DREAM Act was proposed in 2017, but failed to pass. They are generally college-educated, high-skilled workers, members of the military, and heads of families that include U.S. citizen children. Despite overwhelming support (Recent polls indicate that 86% of the American public would like to see those who qualify for DACA granted residency), Congress has failed to provide these individuals with an opportunity to obtain permanent residency. This paper stresses the problems with the current immigration system, emphasizing the need to change the current employment-based visa system that has not been updated to keep up with technological advances in the growing international economy. Although many companies in the country publicly “stand with” those affected by the likely repeal of DACA, lobbying for a change in the employment-based system to allow for qualified individuals to obtain residency through work visas is a better approach than pushing for amnesty, which has failed in the past. Allowing DACA recipients to qualify for employment-based visas alleviates unemployment in the United States while also rewarding those individuals who obtained the skills and education to stay competitive in the current career market.
Abstract IA-024: Sirt2: A tumor suppressor or promotor?

SIRT2, an NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase, has been shown to play a pivotal role in various physiological processes, however, its role in cancer is currently controversial. In recent years, SIRT2 has been described as both a tumor suppressor and oncogene with divergent expression and function in various malignancies. Using murine xenograft melanoma models, our results suggest increased systemic expression of SIRT2 promotes tumor progression. In this study, SIRT2-overexpressing mice exhibited enhanced tumor growth and larger tumor volumes compared to their wild-type littermates. Mechanistically, systemic overexpression of SIRT2 reduces the number of tumor-infiltrating natural killer (NK) cells and suppresses NK cell activation and proliferation within tumor microenvironment (TME). Furthermore, despite the effect of increased tumor growth rate and tumor volume in wild-type littermate mice, NK cell depletion does not affect that in SIRT2-overexpressing mice. Lastly, pharmacological inhibition of SIRT2 increases NK cell tumor infiltration and suppresses melanoma tumor growth in mice. The findings of this study identify a dynamic functional interaction between systemic SIRT2 and NK cell activity, which promotes melanoma tumor progression. Given the recent renewed interest in NK-cell-mediated immunotherapy response, SIRT2 could present a new opportunity to mediate immunotherapy response and resistance. Citation Format: Fen Xia. Sirt2: A tumor suppressor or promotor? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA-024.
USE OF FOOD LABELS BY HOUSEHOLDS FOOD PREPARERS IN AKWAIBOM STATE, NIGERIA

Food labels are a contemporary tool for disseminating food product, health and nutrition, and differentiation ofinformation to consumers. This study, adopted a two-stage sampling method, collected cross-sectional data from457 respondents, and analysed the use of food labels by household food preparers in AkwaIbom State, Nigeria.Mainly, the study described the prevalence, margin and intensity of use of food labels by respondents.Additionally, it determined the factors influencing the use of food labels by household food preparers. Almost allrespondents were married females about 41years old, household size of 5persons, monthly income of N94,793and spent about 13years acquiring formal education. Descriptively, mean use of food label index as thresholdshowed that 58.42% of household food preparers had sufficient use of food labels; about 8 items on the listpresented were viewed. Furthermore, gap of 4 items between those that have sufficient and less than sufficientuse of food labels were additionally identified. The gap between the two categories was more severe when twothirdsof the mean is adopted as critical index. Age (p ≤ 0.01), education (p ≤ 0.01), confidence in safety labels (p ≤0.01) and household income (p ≤ 0.05) were significant factors influencing the probability of a household foodpreparer having sufficient use of food labels. Stimulation of use-driven programmes, by governmental and nongovernmentalorganisations are recommended to bridge the gap between those that have less than sufficient andsufficient use of food labels.
Unique Method of Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Reduction for Refractory Hepatic Encephalopathy

We report the case of a 27-year-old female patient with a history of cryptogenic cirrhosis who was admitted to the hospital due to multiple episodes of hematemesis secondary to bleeding esophageal varices. The varices were persistent and refractory to endoscopic intervention, so an emergent transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) was performed by interventional radiology (IR). Months later, the patient returned to the hospital unresponsive with acute intermittent hepatic encephalopathy which required a TIPS reduction by IR. Once the TIPS reduction was performed, the patient's hepatic encephalopathy declined, and her symptoms improved. Here, we present a unique method of TIPS reduction utilizing a single Viabahn VBX balloon-expandable stent (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc; Flagstaff, AZ) to constrain the existing TIPS stent.
Vowel Lengthening is Syntactically Determined in a Connected Discourse.

Abstract: Broad-band spectrograms were made of a connected discourse read by a single speaker of American English. Segmental durations were measured for each segment type in stressed and unstressed environments. Median durations were tabulated and deviations from the medians have been studied. Segments significantly longer than their median duration were found to mark the ends of major syntactic units, including the boundary between a noun phrase and a verb phrase. Vowels in phrase-final syllables are 40 ms longer on the average than in other positions. Further analysis indicates that the postvocalic consonant has a small influence on vowel duration except in phrase-final syllables. There is a slight tendency for word-final syllables to be longer than word-initial and medial syllables.
Time-dependent estimates of organ dose and dose equivalent rates for human crews in deep space from the 26 October 2003 solar energetic particle event (Halloween event) using the Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module

[1] The Earth-Moon-Mars Radiation Environment Module is being developed for use by a broad spectrum of researchers to predict energetic particle intensities and radiation exposures at any location in deep space. In this work we demonstrate the capabilities of the module for performing analyses of time-dependent exposures from solar energetic particle events at various locations in space by calculating cumulative dose and dose equivalent, and their time rates of change, for the skin and bone marrow of crew members shielded by as much as 10 g/cm2 of aluminum shielding for the Halloween events of late October 2003.
Integrated Ground-Based and Remotely Sensed Data to Support Global Studies of Environmental Change

Global studies of environmental change require integrated databases of multiple data types that are accurately coordinated in terms of spatial, temporal and thematic properties. Such datasets must be designed and developed jointly by scientific researchers, computer specialists, and policy analysts. The presentation focuses on our approach for organizing data from ground-based research programs so that the data can be linked with remotely sensed data and other map data into integrated databases with spatial, temporal, and thematic characteristics relevant to global studies. The development of an integrated database for Net Primary Productivity is described to illustrate the process.
Molecular heterogeneity of central synapses: afferent and target regulation

Electrophysiological recordings show a functional spectrum even within a single class of synapse, with individual synapses ranging widely in fundamental properties, including release probability, unitary response and effects of previous stimulation on subsequent response. Molecular and cellular biological approaches have shown a corresponding diversity in the complement of ion channels, receptors, scaffolds and signal transducing proteins that make up individual synapses. Indeed, we believe that each individual synapse is unique, a function of presynaptic cell type, postsynaptic cell type, environment, developmental stage and history of activity. We review here the molecular diversity of glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses in the mammalian brain in the context of potential cell biological mechanisms that may explain how individual cells develop and maintain such a mosaic of synaptic connections.
A Century of Turbulence

A brief, superficial survey of some very personal nominations for highpoints of the last hundred years in turbulence. Some conclusions can be dimly seen. This field does not appear to have a pyramidal structure, like the best of physics. We have very few great hypotheses. Most of our experiments are exploratory experiments. What does this mean?
Taylor Polynomials and Approximation

It is a fact that many functions arising in applications are difficult to deal with. A continuous function, for example, may take a complicated form or it may take a simple form that, nevertheless, cannot be integrated. For this reason, mathematicians and physicists have developed methods for approximating certain functions by other functions that are much easier to handle. Some of the easiest functions to deal with are the polynomials because apart from having other useful properties, they can be differentiated and integrated any number of times and still remain polynomials. This chapter discusses how certain continuous functions can be approximated by polynomials. It discusses Taylor's theorem and Taylor polynomials. It discusses how a function can be approximated as closely as desired by a polynomial, provided that the function possesses a sufficient number of derivatives. The chapter presents a proof of Taylor's theorem and then discusses how it is possible to estimate the maximum size of the remainder term R n ( x ). The chapter discusses how the bound on the magnitude of the remainder term can be used to find some interesting approximations.
The interaction of infectious ribonucleic acid with a mammalian cell line: I. Relationship between the osmotic pressure of the medium and the production of infectious centers☆

Abstract A method for the assay of infectious viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) involving the formation of infectious centers in a suspended cell system is described. The efficiency with which RNA infects the cells is a function of the osmotic pressure of the medium in which cells and RNA interact. Maximum efficiency of infection is obtained in solutions of NaCl or of sucrose in physiological saline when the osmotic pressure of the diluent is 4.0–4.1 times that of physiological saline. Infection of cells by intact virus is virtually abolished in solutions of NaCl or sucrose that are optimal for cell-RNA interaction.
Lysis of herpes simplex virus-infected targets. II: Nature of the effector cells

Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) from patients with herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 recurrences in the cornea only (Group I) exhibited reduced lysis of HSV-1-infected targets compared to PBL from patients with oral-facial and corneal HSV recurrences (Group II). The cytotoxic lymphocytes appeared to belong to a subpopulation of natural killer (NK-HSV) cells. Monoclonal antibodies to human lymphocyte differentiation antigens were used to define the surface phenotype of the NK-HSV cells. Most of the NK-HSV activity was mediated by lymphocytes expressing the surface markers Leu-7+ (HNK-1), OKT3+ (pan T), OKM1+ (myeloid and NK), Leu-2- (cytotoxic/suppressor T cell), and Leu-8- (regulatory T cell). In contrast, lysis of K562 cells (NK-K562) was mediated by lymphocytes bearing the surface phenotype Leu-7+, OKT3-, OKM1+, Leu-2+/-, and Leu-8-. The low level of NK-HSV activity in PBL from Group I donors appeared to be due to active suppression by suppressor T lymphocytes. Depletion of Leu-2+ cells from PBL of Group I donors resulted in significant augmentation of NK-HSV activity. Similar treatment of PBL from Group II donors either had no effect or slightly diminished the NK-HSV activity.
Civic Virtue, the American Founding, and Federalism

The question of what kind of civic virtues citizens of the United States need in order to maintain the republic and to enable it to flourish, is one that was on the minds of the Framers themselves. They recognized that good government would depend upon the moral character and intellectual abilities of the citizens, on their having certain qualities of heart and mind. While institutional arrangements were employed to minimize reliance upon such character and abilities as much as possible, the Framers did not understand themselves to be eliminating those qualities, as an examination of The Federalist shows. Further, the institutional arrangements themselves were expected to contribute to the fostering of certain civic virtues. Yet it is not the case that such formal, structural provisions were expected to be sufficient on their own to engender good citizens. Rather, the Framers left the bulk of the responsibility of forming character to the states instead of the national government, where it was already being undertaken. Public education, in particular, is one means by which the states at the time of the Founding were seeking to cultivate good citizens for republican government in the United States.
Designing Computational Clusters for Performance and Power

Abstract Power consumption in computational clusters has reached critical levels. High-end cluster performance improves exponentially while the power consumed and heat dissipated increase operational costs and failure rates. Yet, the demand for more powerful machines continues to grow. In this chapter, we motivate the need to reconsider the traditional performance-at-any-cost cluster design approach. We propose designs where power and performance are considered critical constraints. We describe power-aware and low power techniques to reduce the power profiles of parallel applications and mitigate the impact on performance.
Physics for Computer Science Students: With Emphasis on Atomic and Semiconductor Physics

This text is the product of several years' effort to fill an educational gap, namely, to teach computer scientists the fundamental physics of how a computer works. The book starts with many of the topics of a standard introductory physics course, but with the topics selected and presented in a way to be of use in the second half, which develops the physics of electronic devices. In particular, these chapters cover the fundamentals of quantum mechanics, multi-electron systems, crystal structure, semiconductor devices, and logic circuits. The mathematical complexities are alleviated by intuitive physical arguments. Students are encouraged to use their own programming skills to solve problems. An instructor's manual is available from the authors.
Deep-sea epibenthic echinoderms and a temporally varying food supply: results from a one year time series in the N.E. Pacific

Abundance and distribution of epibenthic echinoderms and detrital material at an abyssal site (4100 m) in the N.E. Pacific were examined between June 1994 and June 1995. Camera-sled surveys, time-lapse photographs, and observations from the submersible Alvin revealed a sequence of detrital deposition events. Detrital aggregates were present in summer and fall of 1994 but rare in winter and spring 1995. A layer of white flocculent material covered the sea floor from July through November 1994, constituting the first direct observations of a detrital carpet in this area. Large radiolarian patches also were observed from August 1994 through February 1995. Distribution and abundance of echinoderm species were estimated from camera-sled surveys and showed few consistent temporal patterns. Abundance varied spatially, and distributions generally could not be distinguished from random, in contrast to the clumped pattern observed for detrital aggregates. Statistically, the spatial distributions of several echinoderm species correlated significantly with the distributions of detrital aggregates, but these correlations were not consistent across transects or taxa. The lack of consistent correlation between echinoderm distribution and abundance and the presence of aggregate material is not surprising when the long duration of extensive detrital coverage of the sea floor is considered.
Low latency handoff for wireless IP QoS with NeighborCasting

This paper introduces a fast handoff mechanism, NeighborCasting, for use in wireless IP networks that utilize neighboring foreign agent (FA) information. NeighborCasting is based on the policy of utilizing, or perhaps even wasting, wired bandwidth between foreign agents, while minimizing RF (radio frequency) bandwidth exchanges, so that handoff latency is minimized. We demonstrate that the handoff latency is substantially reduced, while the typical overhead is minimally increased. Handoff latency is minimized by initiating data forwarding to the possible new foreign agent candidates (i.e., the neighbor foreign agents) at the time that the mobile node initiates the link-layer handoff procedure. NeighborCasting builds upon the Mobile IP handoff procedure by adding a small number of additional message types. The handoff mechanism is a unified procedure for inter-domain, intra-domain and inter-technology (e.g., LAN to WAN or TDMA to CDMA) handoffs and provides flexible choices to the network, while maintaining transparency to the mobile node. The neighbor FA discovery process is a distributed and dynamic mechanism, and the fast handoff schemes are scalable and reliable.
Herbicide Treated Mulches: More Bite to Bark

This article discusses the results of three studies conducted in 1998, 2000 and 2001-2002 with herbicide treated bark. These studies had two objectives: 1) determine the efficacy and duration of weed control of various treatments; and, 2) assess the phytotoxicity of different treatments. Evaluations of efficacy and phytotoxicity were conducted in two ways. Dry weight data and a visual rating of weed control, 0 (no control) to 10 (complete control) and 7 (commercially acceptable), were collected for efficacy. Dry weights and a visual rating score of 1 (no injury) to 10 (complete kill) were used for phytotoxicity. Herbicide treated Douglas fir bark nuggets were found extremely effective for weed control in studies during 1998, regardless of whether oxyfluorfen (Goal), oryzalin (Surflan) or isoxaben (Gallery) was applied to the bark. A study conducted in 2000 compared 24 treatments of novel non-chemical alternatives, conventional chemical practices and herbicide treated Douglas fir bark. Of the innovative weed control products tested in 2000, herbicide treated Douglas fir bark provided the most promising results. The data support that the Douglas fir bark nuggets are possibly acting as slow release carriers for the herbicides or reducing the leaching potential of the herbicide treatments. The 2001-02 studies looked at seven organic mulches with and without herbicides. The seven mulches investigated were those commonly used in the Midwestern United States (US). The herbicides tested with the mulches were flumioxazin at full (0.38 kg ai/ha) and half rate (0.19 kg ai/ha) and oryzalin at full (0.90 kg ai/ha) and half rate (0.45 kg ai/ha). In 2001, an additional objective was added; to compare the long-term duration of efficacy of three herbicides applied at full rate: acetochlor (2.80 kg ai/ha), flumioxazin (0.38 kg ai/ha), and oryzalin (0.90 kg ai/ha), applied alone or in combination with two mulches (pine nuggets and Douglas fir) for a total of 12 treatments.
PTEN Interactions with Focal Adhesion Kinase and Suppression of the Extracellular Matrix-dependent Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt Cell Survival Pathway *

The tumor suppressor PTEN is a phosphatase with sequence homology to tensin. PTEN dephosphorylates phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3) and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), and it can inhibit cell growth, invasion, migration, and focal adhesions. We investigated molecular interactions of PTEN and FAK in glioblastoma and breast cancer cells lacking PTEN. The PTEN trapping mutant D92A bound wild-type FAK, requiring FAK autophosphorylation site Tyr397. In PTEN-mutated cancer cells, FAK phosphorylation was retained even in suspension after detachment from extracellular matrix, accompanied by enhanced PI 3-K association with FAK and sustained PI 3-K activity, PIP3 levels, and Akt phosphorylation; expression of exogenous PTEN suppressed all five properties. PTEN-mutated cells were resistant to apoptosis in suspension, but most of the cells entered apoptosis after expression of exogenous PTEN or wortmannin treatment. Moreover, overexpression of FAK in PTEN-transfected cells reversed the decreased FAK phosphorylation and PI 3-K activity, and it partially rescued PIP3 levels, Akt phosphorylation, and PTEN-induced apoptosis. Our results show that FAK Tyr397 is important in PTEN interactions with FAK, that PTEN regulates FAK phosphorylation and molecular associations after detachment from matrix, and that PTEN negatively regulates the extracellular matrix-dependent PI 3-K/Akt cell survival pathway in a process that can include FAK.
Vortex control over sharp-edged slender bodies

An experimental study of controlling the flow over highly slender, sharp-edged bodies at high angles of attack was conducted. Four forebodies with similar planform shape will be studied: an 80-deg sweep delta wing, a diamond-shaped forebody, and two chine forebodies with different cross sections. A small flat plate used as a flow deflector on the leeward side was used as the vortex control device. Significant controlled forces and moments can be produced on all the forebodies, especially at high angles of attack. The optimal position of a deflector is inboard of the leading edge for the delta wing, and at the leading edge for the other forebodies. On the delta wing, the deflector induces a vortex that situates closer to the surface than the vortex on the side without the deflector. The opposite is true for the other forebodies. Changing the height, location, deflection angle, and shape of the deflector alter these vortex behaviors, which in-turn changes the forces and moments. At very high angles of attack the deflectors promote vortex breakdown, and the control effectiveness thereby is diminished.
Total arsenic and selenium analysis in Marcellus shale, high-salinity water, and hydrofracture flowback wastewater

Trace levels of arsenic and selenium can be toxic to living organisms yet their quantitation in high ionic strength or high salinity aqueous media is difficult due to the matrix interferences which can either suppress or enhance the analyte signal. A modified thiol cotton fiber (TCF) method employing lower flow rates and centrifugation has been used to remove the analyte from complex aqueous media and minimize the matrix interferences. This method has been tested using a USGS (SGR-1b) certified reference shale. It has been used to analyze Marcellus shale samples following microwave digestion as well as spiked samples of high salinity water (HSW) and flow back wastewater (WRF6) obtained from an actual gas well drilling operation. Quantitation of arsenic and selenium is carried out by graphite furnace atomic spectroscopy (GFAAS). Extraction of arsenic and selenium from Marcellus shale exposed to HSW and WRF6 for varying lengths of time is also reported.
Dynamic characterization of automotive exhaust isolators

AbstractDifferent approaches to measure the dynamic stiffness and damping properties of several silicone and EPDM rubber automotive exhaust isolators were investigated in this research. Shaker excitation and electrohydraulic actuator methods were used to extract the dynamic properties, both under swept sine and random excitations. The shaker testing in the frequency domain using a frequency response function from linear theory produced good results, and the experimental set-up for this case is relatively inexpensive. The electrohydraulic excitation method, however, is more suitable for testing under low frequencies and large displacements. It is ideal to study the variations in stiffness and damping with frequency, displacement, temperature and preload. This study has confirmed that the stiffness and loss factor of the samples are highly dependent on preload and input force levels. It has also been shown that the stiffness and loss factor values are relatively insensitive to the manner in which the exhaus...
Approaching capacity on correlated fading channels with unknown state

This paper presents a new coding scheme with capacity approaching performance for correlated fading channels with unknown state. The transceiver employs a deep interleaver to decompose the original channel into a bank of independent fading sub-channels. Sub-channels are successively decoded and decisions are fed back as new training symbols. The unknown state of each sub-channel can be estimated from past channel observations and future channel outputs. We show that the sub-channel has the same capacity as the original channel, given a sufficiently large estimation window. Therefore, the correlated fading channel capacity can be approached if each sub-channel uses an optimized capacity achieving code. Simulations show a universal performance within 1 dB of capacity upper bound regardless of fading rate. The scheme is also robust against decision feedback errors when the sub-channels use a long LDPC code
An Investigation in to the Rotordynamics Behavior of Mechanically Coupled Turbo Expander

Considerable amount of mathematical modeling backed by extensive experimental investigations have gone in to the study of the rotordynamics behavior of high speed turbo expanders. These investigations revolve predominantly around the linear & non-linear aspects of hydrodynamic bearings that support these rotating elements. Further, these expanders are not mechanically coupled to the prime mover and hence the impact of lateral vibrations imposed by the interfacing assemblies downstream is not a concern.However, when the expander is mechanically coupled to a prime mover, say by means of gears, lateral vibrations resulting from the interfacing system is going to have a pronounced effect on the rotordynamics behavior of this system. It is of paramount importance that we account for the stiffness & damping properties of the interface components in order to accurately predict the rotordynamics behavior of the expander.An attempt is being made by the authors to develop an expander and bearing system along with a high speed, multi stage reduction gear box, to understand the impact of lateral vibrations due to mechanical coupling of the expander.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
An Electronic Community To Enhance Workforce Skills For Dietetic Interns In Their Supervised Practice

Abstract The purpose of the project is to utilize distance learning techniques and computer technology to centralize supervision, teaching, and learning for dietetics interns who have undertaken supervised practice rotations at rural and metropolitan sites remote from their home institution. A course was developed based on electronic communication (utilizing listserves and Websites) for 1) problem-based assignments that relates to practical aspects, standards, values, and attitudes of the dietitian in the workplace and 2) student-led discussions on leadership, evaluation of dietetics systems, and current literature. Interns in the Dietetic Internship (DI) Program and senior Coordinated Program (CP) students participate for the rull period of their supervised practice, and CP students in their junior year participate on a part time basis. The professor of the course monitors student listserve discussions, and other faculty are available to contribute based on their clinical, community, and management expertise. Each student takes a turn as discussion leader. The course offers broad and immediate exchange of information on practical aspects of clinical settings, support to preceptors, and access to expertise of a diverse and experienced university faculty. The project has developed over the last three years with responses increasing from one to two per two-week period per student with about three-fourths of students participating to a current rate of two to seven responses per week per student with all students participating.
Stimuli-responsive polymers: Biomedical applications and challenges for clinical translation ☆

Over the past 25 years many interesting biomedical uses have been proposed for stimuli-responsive polymers, including uses in diagnostics, drug delivery, tissue engineering (regenerative medicine), and cell culture. This article briefly overviews the field of stimuli-responsive polymers and describes some of the most successful biomedical applications to date of such "smart" polymers. Other interesting potential applications are also discussed. The major barriers to future clinical translation of smart polymers are also critically discussed.
Removal of benzo[a]pyrene from cells by various components of medium.

Abstract Benzo[ a ]pyrene is removed from cells in culture by various additions to the medium. During post-treatment incubation, WI-38 fibroblasts were incubated with low density, very low density and high density lipoproteins, delipidated or complete serum or plasma, or serum albumin. The time course of removal was followed. Increasing concentrations of lipoproteins resulted in increasing percentages of removal of benzo[ a ]pyrene from cell membranes. The most efficient addition was 10% complete human plasma. These results indicate that benzo[ a ]pyrene remains at or close to the plasma membrane for at least several hours and readily redistributes to medium components.
Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurring at close intervals in spinal cord injury patients.

Venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism occurring at close intervals in spinal cord injury patients
Phase transition in reactively co-sputtered films of VO2TiO2

Abstract Films of mixed oxides of VO 2 and TiO 2 were prepared by reactive co- sputtering. With the addition of TiO 2 to VO 2 the metal-non-metal resistive transition is shifted to higher temperatures and broadened considerably. In films containing more than 50 vol.% TiO 2 there is no evidence for the transition.
Multifactorial aspects of the treatment of the type II diabetic patient

People with type II diabetes have a twofold to fourfold increased risk of dying from the complications of cardiovascular disease. Atherosclerosis and vascular thrombosis are major contributors. The increased risk is present before fasting hyperglycemia is seen. These individuals often have a sedentary life-style, poor physical conditioning, insulin resistance, centripetal obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a prothrombotic state. Chronic hyperglycemia is then added to these risk markers. Microalbuminuria may precede hyperglycemia in type II diabetes, occurs in 30% to 40% of these individuals after diabetes is established, and is a predictor of cardiovascular events. Early intervention in high-risk individuals may delay or prevent fasting hyperglycemia. An all-inclusive approach that focuses on early risk factor (or marker) identification and management to prevent or delay accelerated atherosclerosis and thrombosis in type II diabetes is an attractive strategy. However, the database to support this strategy is limited. In particular, large-scale prospective trial data are not available to support the concept of intensive glycemic regulation to prevent progression of macrovascular disease in type II diabetes. This is in contrast to the situation regarding microvascular disease of the eyes and kidneys. Recently, indirect data of a correlative nature have emerged, and short- and long-term prospective trials at early and late stages of type II diabetes are now being reported. These studies are analyzed and interpreted in this report. In contrast, the database to support an intensive antiplatelet regimen to prevent vascular thrombotic events in people with type II diabetes is large, and these studies are reviewed. They are of a type and magnitude to allow definite recommendations for aspirin therapy in type II diabetes. Aggressive therapy directed at hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and elevated urinary albumin in people with type II diabetes appears to be indicated. Increased attention to the multifactorial aspects of treatment of the type II diabetic patient is needed. Our present challenge is to translate these findings for patients and primary health care providers so that effective actions may be implemented.
Structure of mouse protein S as determined by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing of cDNA

Abstract The cDNA sequence of mouse protein S was derived by conventional PCR amplification from liver mRNA, initially using primers derived from the human cDNA sequence, followed by direct DNA sequencing. Seven overlapping PCR fragments covering all of the mature protein, part of the propeptide, and the 3′ noncoding region were generated and sequenced. In some cases primers based upon the human cDNA sequence were ineffective. Subsequent successful amplification with mouse-derived primers to the same regions and comparison of the mouse and human sequences in these regions suggest that the failure of the human primers was due to insufficient degree of heterospecies identity. The mouse protein S cDNA sequence of the coding region shares 82% identity to human. The 3′ noncoding region of mouse protein S cDNA has several small deletions and insertions compared to human protein S cDNA. Mature mouse protein S consists of 634 amino acids in a single polypeptide chain and displays domain organization similar to that for other species. The amino acid sequence of mouse protein S is about 80% identical to that of other species. Eleven glutamic acid residues were found in the amino terminal region and are predicted to be sites of γ-carboxylation. Amino acid residues #80244 are defined as four cysteine-rich repeat sequences homologous to epidermal growth factor. The remainder of the molecule is homologous to plasma sex steroid binding protein. The mouse protein S contains two potential N-glycosylation sites at positions #458 and 468 and is lacking the putative glycosylation site at #490 found in human protein S.
A physicist's sandbox

We discuss some recent results suggesting that certain spatially extended dynamical systems naturally evolve toward a state characterized by domains of all length scales. The analogy with second-order phase transitions has prompted the name “self-organized criticality” specific results are available for cellular automaton models, which can be thought of as caricatures of a sandpile undergoing avalances. The potential generality of the results stems from the very simple (nonlinear) diffusion dynamics governing the system.
A Continually Descending Endomorphism of a Finitely Generated Residually Finite Group

Let ϕ[ratio ] G → G be an endomorphism of a finitely generated residually finite group. R. Hirshon asked if there exists n such that the restriction of ϕ to ϕ n ( G ) is injective. We give an example to show that this is not always the case.
Is Instability Good for the Brain

In this issue of Neuron, Nahm et al. (2013) examine the Drosophila ortholog of spartin, the human gene mutated in a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Spartin inhibits BMP signaling and upregulation of BMP signaling may increase microtubule stability and neurodegeneration.
The infrared spectrum of the 12C18O dimer

Abstract The infrared spectrum of ( 12 C 18 O) 2 has been studied for the first time using a tunable diode laser spectrometer in the 2095 cm −1 region to probe a pulsed supersonic jet expansion. Very dilute gas mixtures of CO in He were used, resulting in small consumption of 12 C 18 O sample gas, as well as cold and simple spectra. The results were analyzed using a term value scheme to obtain model-independent energies for 7 rotational levels belonging to 2 stacks in the lower state, v CO =0, and 22 levels belonging to 7 stacks in the upper state, v CO =1. The two ground state isomers of the CO dimer were found to be separated by only 0.639 cm −1 for ( 12 C 18 O) 2 . These results provide a foundation for future studies of the millimeter wave spectrum.
Convergence analysis of an algorithm for blind equalization

The authors consider a key algorithm for blind equalization and derive expressions for the evolution of the equalizer output error trajectory. The authors develop a model to examine the convergence behavior of this algorithm. Suitable approximations are incorporated into the model to facilitate analysis. The validity of these approximations is demonstrated for a typical communication channel. It is shown that even for a channel for which the assumption of Gaussianity of the equalizer input data may not be very good, the analysis presented predicts the convergence behavior reasonably well. >
Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Variable Density in a Contaminant Plume

Numerical simulations are performed to investigate quantitatively density effects of a contaminant plume on its movement in time and space. The numerical model used is a characteristics/finite difference method. The density of the solute is described by an equation of state similar to sea water or lead nitrate. The results of a large number of simulations do not allow us to establish a general empirical law for predicting the fate of a density-dependent plume. Whether density effects are important or not depends on a variety of hydraulic parameters of the aquifer model, such as the permeability (isotropic or anisotropic), flow gradient, the hydrodynamic dispersivity, and the time-scale considered. Following some theoretical ideas of previously derived analytical scaling laws for buoyant plumes, the concept of a near-source and a far-source region of the plume has been found very useful. The modeled plume centerlines compare favorably with the predictions of these scaling laws in the intermediate-source region, but deviate significantly in the far-source region where diffusion processes become important or necking instabilities at the plume edges occur. It is found that the combined influence of the various model parameters above can be very different, depending on whether the plume is still within the near-source or has already extended into the far-source region. In spite of the large dependency of the density effects on these model parameters, in some cases variable density might have an effect on the plume migration for already moderate density contrasts of~0.3% (which corresponds to a concentration of~4000 ppm for a leachate of salt or lead nitrate). Hydrodynamic dispersion tends to reduce the density effects. For sufficiently small values of the dispersivity, convective instabilities and fingering phenomena occur at the horizontal plume boundaries. For a lighter-than-water contaminant, such as acetone or methylethylketone, significant buoyant movements occur only for (unrealistically) high concentration of ~ 20,000 ppm. In conclusion the results of the simulations do not provide a generally applicable guideline for the evaluation of density-dependence transport. Therefore, the individual numerical modeling of a particular site will often be indispensable.
Correlation of the components of wind-loading on tall buildings

Abstract The correlation of the three moment components of wind loading on high-rise buildings is studied. Wind-tunnel measurements of two overturning moments and a torsional moment were used to calculate cross-correlations, joint-probability densities and coherence between all three components. Four different building cross-sectional shapes were studied. The overturning moment loading on two rectangular buildings were found to be not significantly correlated. Wind loading on a parallelogram and a triangle was highly correlated between all three components. Surrounding buildings may in some cases increase the correlation.
ASSOCIATED PRIMES OVER SKEW POLYNOMIAL RINGS

ABSTRACT In this paper, we extend the recent work of C. Faith[1] in which it is proved, using results of R.C. Shock,[2] that over a commutative ring , the associated primes of the polynomial ring (viewed as a module over itself) are all extended; that is, every may be expressed as , where . This result was originally proved in 1974 by Brewer and Heinzer using localization theory (see[3]), but our work in this paper more closely parallels that of Faith. We will show that the result still holds in the more general setting of a polynomial module over a skew polynomial ring , with possibly noncommutative base ring , provided a natural -compatibility assumption on (as defined in Sec. 2 below) is fulfilled. Moreover, if we assume that , we can make the set of Laurent polynomials into a module over and , and the main result still holds in these cases as well (for -compatible ). Finally, we also show that the result does not extend to the case of skew formal power series rings and skew Laurent series rings in gen...
The influence of lead in components of a freshwater ecosystem on molluscan tissue lead concentrations

Abstract Two sites wilh elevated levels of lead (Pb) were selected at Weston's Mill Pond and Farrington Lake in central New Jersey, U.S.A. Lead concentrations in surficial sediments and overlying waters were significantly higher in Weston's Mill Pond than in Farrington Lake. Concentrations of lead in molluscs reflected the degree of lead contamination in the two sites. The gastropods, Physa integra, Pseudosuccinea columella, Helisoma trivolis and Idropoma malleata had the highest lead concentrations. The changes in lead concentration over time in the grazing snails ( P. integra, P. columella and H trivolis ) appeared to be more strongly correlated to dissolved lead concentrations in water than concentrations in the ‘aufwuchs’, macrophytes, or various sediment fractions. Campeloma decisum had the lowest lead concentrations despite its close association with the contaminated sediments. No strong correlations were noted between lead concentrations in this burrowing prosobranch and those in deriving waters, interstitial waters, or various sediment fractions. The extent of habitat contamination only partially determined the lead concentrations in the species studied.
The big-O of global visualization: challenges in scaling GIS to one billion users

Google Earth is a geographically-contextual data exploration client using streamed 3D data and 2D imagery, presently serving more than 250 million unique users. Google Maps is a web browser based, streamed 2D imagery client with an even larger user base. As their combined user base grows toward one billion users, the underlying implementation's big-O algorithmic complexities suggest areas for continued research and innovation in a variety of areas. These research areas are highlighted and promising approaches are reviewed.
Coal, Steel, and the Rebirth of Europe, 1945-1955: The Germans and French from Ruhr Conflict to Economic Community

1. Mending a broken world: coal and steel diplomacy between the wars 2. The greater and lesser wars 3. From Morgenthau plan to Schuman plan: the allies and the Ruhr, 1944-1950 4. Neither restoration nor reform: the dark ages of German heavy industry 5. The end of the war against Germany: the coal-steel pool as treaty settlement 6. The success of a failure: the European Coal and Steel Community in action, 1952-1955 Conclusion.
A marked point process perspective in fitting spatial point process models

Abstract This paper discusses a new perspective in fitting spatial point process models. Specifically the spatial point process of interest is treated as a marked point process where at each observed event x a stochastic process M ( x ; t ) , 0 t r , is defined. Each mark process M ( x ; t ) is compared with its expected value, say F ( t ; θ ) , to produce a discrepancy measure at x , where θ is a set of unknown parameters. All individual discrepancy measures are combined to define an overall measure which will then be minimized to estimate the unknown parameters. The proposed approach can be easily applied to data with sample size commonly encountered in practice. Simulations and an application to a real data example demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.
Sobolev type differential equations

Introducing new type of equations called Sobolev type differential equations, existence and uniqueness of solutions of such equations are considered. Also a Bellman-Gronwall type inequality and a variation of constants formula are obtained.
Evidence for physiologically active axonal adenosine receptors in the rat corpus callosum

Several neurotransmitter receptors have been identified on axons, and emerging evidence suggests that central axonal conduction may be modulated by neurotransmitters. We have recently demonstrated the presence of extra-synaptic adenosine Al receptors along rat hippocampal axons. We now present immunocytochemical evidence for Al receptors on rat corpus callosum axons and show that these receptors actively modulate axon physiology. Using rat brain coronal slices, we stimulated the corpus callosum and recorded the evoked extracellular compound action potential. The lipid-soluble, Al-specific adenosine receptor agonist cyclopentyladenosine, dose-dependently decreased the compound action potential amplitude, an effect reversed by the specific Al antagonist 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine. These data provide the first direct evidence that axonal Al adenosine receptors modulate axon physiology in the adult mammalian brain. Influencing axonal transmission is a potentially powerful mechanism of altering information processing in the nervous system.
Glycoproteins: what are the sugar chains for?

Abstract For many glycoproteins, the carbohydrate groups confer important physical properties such as conformational stability, protease resistance, charge and waterbinding capacity. Equally important, however, are the roles of carbohydrate groups in biological recognition, where sequence diversity provides signals for protein targeting and cell-cell interactions.