cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multi-CoDec Configurations for Low Power and High Quality Scan Test

Scan compression techniques are widely used to contain test application time and test data volume. Smart techniques exist to match the scan compression CoDec (compactor-decompressor) module with the DUT (design under test), to realize high levels of compression with no loss of coverage. DUT partitioning is often desirable for ease of implementing sub-chips and integrating them into an SOC (system-on-chip). This paper presents various multi-CoDec configurations for partitioned DUTs to enable efficient scan testing, which address the requirements of reduced test mode power with no compromise in test quality. Different configurations are examined, tradeoffs discussed, and the most suitable one amongst them identified. It is shown how the preferred configuration can be architected with low implementation overhead (with no new requirements for bounding when creating the individual partitions), and how the different CoDec – DUT partitions can be operated together to meet dual goals of high quality and low power, with no increase in test time. Experimental data is presented on industrial circuits to illustrate the benefits.
The activity of the histone chaperone yeast Asf1 in the assembly and disassembly of histone H3/H4–DNA complexes

The deposition of the histones H3/H4 onto DNA to give the tetrasome intermediate and the displacement of H3/H4 from DNA are thought to be the first and the last steps in nucleosome assembly and disassembly, respectively. Anti-silencing function 1 (Asf1) is a chaperone of the H3/H4 dimer that functions in both of these processes. However, little is known about the thermodynamics of chaperone-histone interactions or the direct role of Asf1 in the formation or disassembly of histone-DNA complexes. Here, we show that Saccharomyces cerevisiae Asf1 shields H3/H4 from unfavorable DNA interactions and aids the formation of favorable histone-DNA interactions through the formation of disomes. However, Asf1 was unable to disengage histones from DNA for tetrasomes formed with H3/H4 and strong nucleosome positioning DNA sequences or tetrasomes weakened by mutant (H3K56Q/H4) histones or non-positioning DNA sequences. Furthermore, Asf1 did not associate with preformed tetrasomes. These results are consistent with the measured affinity of Asf1 for H3/H4 dimers of 2.5 nM, which is weaker than the association of H3/H4 for DNA. These studies support a mechanism by which Asf1 aids H3/H4 deposition onto DNA but suggest that additional factors or post-translational modifications are required for Asf1 to remove H3/H4 from tetrasome intermediates in chromatin.
Faith as the Fulcrum of Psychic Change: Metaphors of Transformation in Jewish Mysticism and Psychoanalysis

This paper examines the role of faith in transformation, proposing that faith, on the part of the patient as well as the analyst, is the turning point of psychic change. It uses the metaphors of transformation of the Jewish mystical tradition as an organizing framework with which to consider the transformational experience within psychoanalytic process and the evolving view within psychoanalysis of the relationship between analyst and analysand as one of asymmetry and mutuality. It posits faith as a mutual yet asymmetrical stance within the psychoanalytic relationship of intersubjective, mutual recognition. In faith, one opens to the possibility of the transcendent Third, an experience of union with a larger whole from which one emerges with a sharper sense of one's authentic truth.
Leakage-based differential power analysis (LDPA) on sub-90nm CMOS cryptosystems

Since the vulnerability of cryptosystems to differential power analysis (DPA) was reported in 1999, various power analysis attacks and corresponding countermeasures have been studied. With the scaling down of supply voltage and CMOS technology below 90 nm, leakage power plays an increasing role in the overall power dissipation. Future cryptosystems need to address this trend, though it has not been of concern yet in low- cost cryptosystems such as smartcards and RFED tags which currently use older technologies and low performance transistors. In this paper, we explore the impact of leakage power on conventional DPA and the feasibility of a novel leakage-based DPA (LDPA). We first use SPICE simulations to explore the leakage dependence on input patterns of logic gates implemented in 90 nm, 65 nm, and 45 nm CMOS technologies. Then we simulate a successful LDPA on a subset of a DES cryptosystem with only 120 rounds, in contrast to the 200 rounds reported for a conventional DPA in 180 nm technology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how even a DES implementation using a DPA-resistant logic style can be broken with LDPA in 2000 rounds, compared with the conventional DPA using more than 5000 rounds.
Theoretic models of solar neutrinos.

Two recent solar neutrino models which produce a lowering of the neutrino counting rate are discusssed. One model involves helium fractionation in the core and the other considers the effect of small deviations from Maxwellian in the two-particle distribution function. 23 references. (BJG)
The Myth of Objectivity in Mathematics Assessment.

Awide array of alternatives to traditional quiz-and-test assessment of students’ mathematical understanding has been proposed in the last decade (e.g., Stenmark [1991]; NCTM [1995]; Greer et al. [1999]). Adding open-ended problems, performance tasks, writing assignments, and portfolios to teachers’ assessment repertoires is important, these documents argue, because “assembling evidence from a variety of sources is more likely to yield an accurate picture of what each student knows and is able to do” (NCTM 2000, p. 24). The decision by teachers to incorporate some of these less familiar assessment techniques is often framed as a trade-off between objectivity and subjectivity. Traditional assessment methods, which are sometimes narrowly focused on skills and procedures, are at least objective measures of those skills and procedures. By contrast, alternative approaches—which have the potential to assess students’ conceptual understanding and their problem-solving and reasoning ability—are unfortunately subjective. What does it mean for an assessment technique to be objective? The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language defines the word as follows:
The future of chess-playing technologies and the significance of Kasparov versus deep blue

In this paper we argue that the recent Garry Kasparov vs. Deep Blue matches are significant for the field of artificial intelligence in several ways, including providing an example of valuable baseline benchmarks for more complex alternatives to contrast and justify themselves. We will also briefly summarize some of the latest developments on computer chess research and highlight how our own work on a program called Chester tries to build on those developments to provide such justifications.
Significant Advancements in Technology to Improve Instruction for all Students: Including Those With Disabilities

Sharing thoughts on what represents significant advancements involving the education of persons for whom typical instruction is not effective seems simple enough. You think about the work you are engaged in and reflect on how you came to do what you are doing. If you have a record of being persistent in your work, then that becomes the context for your perceptions of significant advancements. While limited as a strategy for framing a vision for the future, the views of an individual do have potential when combined with the perspective of others. Emerging technologies in the realm of instructional change brought about by the Internet provide the framework for the choice of significant advancements, discussed in this article, to improve instruction for all students including students with disabilities. They include the impact of technologies that allow for measuring physiological and motivational responses of online learners that enhance the personalization of online instruction, the impact of wireless comp...
Pole and zero estimation in linear circuits

A unified method for fast, accurate estimation of dominant and nondominant poles and zeros of linear active circuit transfer functions is presented. The basis for both pole and zero estimates is an efficiently computed time-constant matrix. The major computation in the estimation process involves only the solution of linear equations, which are independent of capacitor values. This feature permits the implementation of fast real-time dominant pole-zero design based on capacitor variation. Formulas with concomitant applicability criteria are developed for estimating the four most dominant poles and zeros of a transfer function. A broad range of circuit examples is included to demonstrate the power and relative accuracy of different orders of approximation through fourth order. >
Communicating Trade-offs amid Controversial Science: Decision Support for Climate Policy☆

Abstract The paper considers the decision that arises in climate policy where there is expert disagreement about the correct scientific model and where a group of stakeholders needs to agree on a common policy target. Policy choice is posed as a decision under Knightian uncertainty, where decision-makers lack grounds for assigning a particular probability distribution across contending forecasting models. The decision is then framed as one of balancing two competing objectives that plausibly align with the dominant concern of stakeholders from each side in the policy debate. A decision criterion is proposed to identify options for compromise that balance these objectives in different ways. The criterion spans three standard non-Bayesian decision criteria. Policies generated by the criterion are combined with visual tools to communicate “what's at stake” in an environmental policy decision in which stakeholders disagree both about scientific models and about the relative importance of risks to the environment versus risks to economic growth. The approach summarizes information that could be useful to policy-makers tasked with negotiating a compromise. The framework is applied to climate policy using DICE-2007 (Nordhaus 2008). The results highlight a basic asymmetry between the mistake of “doing too little” and that of “doing too much” that suggests a strong argument for avoiding the current status quo of global inaction.
Hemodynamic effects of intrathecal fentanyl in nonlaboring term parturients

Abstract Study Objective: To determine the effect of intrathecal fentanyl on maternal hemodynamics. Design: Prospective. Setting: Labor and delivery suite of a university medical center. Patients: 23 ASA status I nonlaboring term parturients presenting for elective cesarean section. Interventions: Patients were given either 1,200 ml lactated Ringer's Solution (Group 1, n=12) or no intravenous (IV) fluid (Group 2, n=11). A combined spinal-epidural technique was then performed. Fentanyl 25 μg was administered intrathecally through a 24-gauge Sprotte or 25-gauge Whitacre spinal needle. After completion of the hemodynamic study, a catheter was threaded into the epidural space for local anesthetic administration. Measurements and Main Results: Baseline hemodynamic data [systolic (SBP), diastolic, and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, and ejection fraction] were obtained in triplicate using noninvasive blood pressure monitoring and impedance cardiography. After administration of intrathecal fentanyl, hemodynamic measurements were recorded at 3-minute intervals for 30 minutes. These values were compared with baseline for both groups. Ten patients in each group completed the study. Intrathecal fentanyl administration did not result in any maternal hemodynamic changes in Group 1, and a few small statistically significant changes in Group 2. Measured SBP was always greater than 100 mmHg in all patients during the study. Conclusion: Intrathecal administration of fentanyl 25 μg in nonlaboring term parturients does not produce clinically important maternal hemodynamic changes.
Bioelectric current image reconstruction from magneto-acoustic measurements

An investigation is conducted of the possibility of reconstructing images of current dipoles in a volume conductor from data obtained by the magnetoacoustic technique. A modified form of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) is used. Reconstruction results of simulated data show that it is possible to find the location, relative magnitude, and orientation of the dipoles with reasonable accuracy for simple dipole configurations. >
Regional fidelity and movement patterns of wintering killdeer in an agricultural landscape

Abstract Killdeer (Charadrius vociferus) is a common and widespread North American species for which there are few studies of residency patterns and movements. We quantified fidelity and movement patterns of 24 radio-tagged Killdeer in the Willamette Valley of Oregon during the winter of 1999-2000. Results from telemetry surveys and census efforts revealed that the group monitored was composed of winter residents (63%), winter transients (26%), and year-round residents (11%). Movements were localized with birds detected at an average distance of 5.15 ± 0.91 (SE) km from the site of capture. Mean home range size (95% kernel) was 7.73 ± 3.19 km2. However, results also indicated periodic exploratory movements, with some birds detected up to 30 km from marking sites. Overall, individuals exhibited a low degree of fidelity to specific sites and were detected at an average of 11.9 ± 1.1 sites. No differences were found in monthly movement patterns. In almost all cases, year-round residents were more sedentary t...
Immunoreactive growth hormone levels in pigs fed protein or energy restricted diets during the postweaning period.

Developmental changes in growth hormone levels during protein or energy malnutrition was studied in weaned pigs. Three or 4 week old pigs from control dams were fed a control diet (18% protein), an energy-restricted diet (18% protein) or a low protein diet (6% protein) for 8 weeks. Energy restriction was achieved by feeding the control diet in amounts that allowed very little growth. After the restriction period, all pigs were fed the control diet ad libitum for another 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at intervals throughout the experiment and the plasma was analyzed for growth hormone by radioimmunoassay. Post weaning protein deprivation resulted in higher growth hormone levels during the restriction period as compared to control pigs or pigs with a restricted energy intake. J. Nutr. 106: 947-951,1976.
On the spin-orbit induced radiationless decay of the b3Σ- state of BH

The spin-orbit induced radiationless decay process b3Σ- → 13Σ+ in BH is studied. The spin-orbit coupling was determined within the Breit-Pauli approximation using MCSCF/CI wavefunctions. The radiationless decay life-times of the (b3Σ-, v, N, Fi ) fine structure levels were determined in a Hund's case (b) approximation. The (b3Σ-, v = 0–2, N = 80-15) levels are not significantly predissociated. However, a spin-orbit induced b3Σ- ∼ 13Σ+ perturbation of only 0·2 cm-1 results in appreciable predissociation of the ν′ = 3 (ν′ = 2) level in BH for low N (high N).
EXPECTANCY EFFECTS IN THE SCORING OF VOCABULARY ITEMS: A STUDY OF SCORER BIAS1

A study was undertaken for the purpose of evaluating the degree to which the scoring of vocabulary items might be influenced by the scorer's expectancies. 72 Ss were given the task of scoring 20 responses to items on the Vocabulary subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC). In the bright condition (n= 37) Ss were informed that the responses were those of a child reading far above his age level, while in the dull condition (n= 35) Ss were informed that the responses were those of a child reading far below his age level. It was found that the mean score assigned to the protocol by the Ss in the bright condition was significantly higher than that assigned by the Ss in the dull condition (p less than .05). Some factors regarding generalizability were advanced and discussed.
Imaging caffeine-induced Ca2+ transients in individual fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat skeletal muscle fibers.

Fast-twitch and slow-twitch rat skeletal muscles produce dissimilar contractures with caffeine. We used digital imaging microscopy to monitor Ca2+ (with fluo 3-acetoxymethyl ester) and sarcomere mo...
A Comparison and Assessment of Scoring Scales for Mucositis

The presence and severity of OM may be determined by clinician-based scoring or by patient-reported endpoints. This chapter will focus on clinician-based scoring scales.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON LOWEST ORDOVICIAN TRILOBITES FROM THE UPPERMOST DEADWOOD FORMATION, BLACK HILLS AND BEAR LODGE MOUNTAINS, SOUTH DAKOTA AND WYOMING

Trilobites from the Missisquoia Zone and the Symphysurina brevispicata Subzone of the Symphysurina Zone (Ibexian Series, lowest Ordovician) were collected from measured sections in the uppermost Deadwood Formation in the Black Hills of South Dakota and Bear Lodge Mountains in northeasternmost Wyoming. These collections were made by Christina Lochman-Balk and her students, and turned over to the author to complete the project. They are compared with previous reported occurrences of this fauna from this area. No trilobites from the underlying Sunwaptan Stage (Upper Cambrian) occur with the lowest Ordovician trilobites, suggesting that the sharp faunal extinction at the base of the Ordovician (North American sense = Eurekia apopsis Zone, Ibexian Series) occurred in the Deadwood Formation as it did over all of the North American continent. The Black Hills is a domal uplift cored by Precambrian granites and quartzitic and schistose metamorphic rocks that was formed during the Laramide orogeny (Stitt, 1998). The Deadwood crops out as an oval belt of siltstones, sandstones, shales, and limestones unconformably overlying the Precambrian rocks. Specimens used in this study were collected from a series of measured sections located in the northernmost outcrop belt of the Deadwood. Hu (1973) identified lowest Ordovician trilobites from one section (Bridal Veil Falls) in the northern Black Hills and from three sections (Reuter Canyon, Bearlodge Ranch, and Sheep Mountain) in the nearby Bear Lodge Mountains. He also described one new genus and four new species. His composite faunal list, and subsequent taxonomic reassignments in brackets, include the following trilobites: Euloma cordilleri [= Highgatella cordilleri Winston and Nicholls, 1967], Euptychaspis trematocus, Highgatella facila [= Apoplanias rejectus Ludvigsen, 1982], Hystricurus sp., Missisquoia graphica [= Missisquoia typicalis Westrop, 1986], Missisquoia cyclochila [= Missisquoia typicalis Ludvigsen, 1982], cf. Missisquoia typicalis, Olenaspella elongata, Symphysurina brevispicata, and the brachiopod …
High Speed Resist Exposure With a Single Tip

We have shown that current-controlled scanning probe lithography (SPL) can reliably pattern nanometer-scale features in resist. However, the serial nature of SPL makes it much slower than mask-based techniques such as photolithography, x-ray lithography, or extreme ultraviolet lithography. An advantage of a direct write approach is that it does not require expensive and time-consuming mask fabrication. SPL may also have superior alignment capabilities. Nevertheless, in order for SPL to become a viable technology for high-resolution semiconductor lithography, the throughput must be dramatically increased.
From Voyeur to Lawyer: Vicarious Learning and the Transformational Advocacy Critique

This article describes existing pedagogical methods in trial advocacy and proposes the use of a "transformational critique" to supplement those techniques. This methodology is based on the concept of vicarious learning, which suggests that under the right circumstances, students learning skills can actually improve their own performances by observing an expert correct the performances of others.
High immunosuppressive burden in cancer patients: a major hurdle for cancer immunotherapy

A bottleneck for immunotherapy of cancer is the immunosuppressive microenvironment in which the tumor cells are located. Regardless of the fact that large numbers of tumor-specific T cells can be generated in patients by active immunization or adoptive transfer, these T cells do not readily translate to tumor cell killing in vivo. The immune regulatory mechanism that prevents autoimmunity may be harnessed by tumor cells for the evasion of immune destruction. Regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, inhibitory cytokines and immune checkpoint receptors are the major components of the immune system acting in concert with causing the subversion of anti-tumor immunity in the tumor microenvironment. This redundant immunosuppressive network may pose an impediment to efficacious immunotherapy, thus facilitating tumor progression. Cancer progression clearly documents the failure of immune control over relentless growth of tumor cells. Detailed knowledge of each of these factors responsible for creating an immunosuppressive shield to protect tumor cells from immune destruction is essential for the development of novel immune-based therapeutic interventions of cancer. Multipronged targeted depletion of these suppressor cells may restore production of granzyme B by CD8(+) T cells and increase the number of IFN-γ-producing CD4(+) T cells.
The search for Fc receptors on human tissues and human endothelial cells in culture.

AbstractHuman endothelial cells in culture and in tissue sections were examined for Fc receptors by several different methods, including the binding of FITC- and ferritin-labeled antibodies to IgG, rosette formation with sensitized sheep erythrocytes, and binding of opsonized latex particles. Although human polymorphonuclear leukocytes reacted positively in all of these tests, endothelial cells freshly isolated or cultured from umbilical cord veins were consistently negative. A small number of cells cultured from umbilical arteries formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes, but cells from pulmonary arteries did not. Fc receptors could not be found in vessels of the umbilical cord or in lung tissue sections, but vessels in the placenta contained prominent Fc receptors. Cultured endothelial cells that were suspended by trypsin took up latex beads and immune complexes by endocytosis. Undisturbed monolayers of cells were much less active. This finding suggests that the endothelium may be stimulated by proteolyt...
The Development of Taiwan Agricultural Products Market Information Service System and Its Illumination

Along with the economic globalization and the further development of market integration,agricultural market information service is becoming more and more important to the development of contemporary agriculture.This paper summarized the course and main methods of Taiwan agricultural market information service system development,combined with the mainland market information service system construction situation,and analyzed the valuable experiences and enlightenment to mainland.
The Vasodilatory Cascade and Intracranial Pressure

For several years, the concept that cerebral pressure autoregulation was absent in the face of significant CNS injury has been prominent. More recently evidence has been accumulating that while severe CNS injury of traumatic, neoplastic or other etiology may well partially impair such autoregulation, it still may remain grossly intact. Previous reports by this investigator suggest that CSF pressure waves are the reflection of a mostly intact and autoregulating cerebral vascular bed interacting with an unstable cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) usually induced by subtle changes in systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP).
Public Health Detailing—A Successful Strategy to Promote Judicious Opioid Analgesic Prescribing

Objectives. To evaluate knowledge and prescribing changes following a 2-month public health detailing campaign (one-to-one educational visits) about judicious opioid analgesic prescribing conducted among health care providers in Staten Island, New York City, in 2013.Methods. Three detailing campaign recommendations were (1) a 3-day supply of opioids is usually sufficient for acute pain, (2) avoid prescribing opioids for chronic noncancer pain, and (3) avoid high-dose opioid prescriptions. Evaluation consisted of a knowledge survey, and assessing prescribing rates and median day supply per prescription. Prescribing data from the 3-month period before the campaign were compared with 2 sequential 3-month periods after the campaign.Results. Among 866 health care providers visited, knowledge increased for all 3 recommendations (P < .01). After the campaign, the overall prescribing rate decreased similarly in Staten Island and other New York City counties (boroughs), but the high-dose prescribing rate decreased...
Understanding the Development and Perception of Global Health for More Effective Student Education

The concept of "global health" that led to the establishment of the World Health Organization in the 1940s is still promoting a global health movement 70 years later. Today's global health acts first as a guiding principle for our effort to improve people's health across the globe. Furthermore, global health has become a branch of science, "global health science," supporting institutionalized education. Lastly, as a discipline, global health should focus on medical and health issues that: 1) are determined primarily by factors with a cross-cultural, cross-national, cross-regional, or global scope; 2) are local but have global significance if not appropriately managed; and 3) can only be efficiently managed through international or global efforts. Therefore, effective global health education must train students 1) to understand global health status; 2) to investigate both global and local health issues with a global perspective; and 3) to devise interventions to deal with these issues.
Controversies in the Treatment of Women with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Coronary artery disease is the leading cause of death in women. Women with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions continue to have worse outcomes compared with men despite advancements in therapies. Furthermore, these differences are particularly pronounced among young men and women with myocardial infarctions. Differences in the pathophysiology of coronary artery plaque development, disease presentation, and recognition likely contribute to these outcome disparities. Despite having worse outcomes compared with men, women clearly benefit from aggressive treatment and the latest therapies. This article reviews the treatment options for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarctions and the outcomes of women after treatment with reperfusion therapies.
Invasive Renal Angiomyolipoma With Cytologic Atypia: A Diagnostic Conundrum.

Renal angiomyolipoma (AML) is a benign neoplasm of the kidney arising sporadically in an idiopathic manner, or syndromically as a component of tuberous sclerosis complex. Although the classic AML has no malignant potential, and is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the kidney, variant AML cases with epithelioid morphology have demonstrated aggressive or invasive behavior. Classic AML, on the other hand, can occasionally display focal histology concerning for sarcomatous transformation, but in the absence of invasive features, it is easy to distinguish from a malignancy. In this article, we describe a remarkable case of classic AML that harbored areas histologically mimicking liposarcoma and invaded into the renal vein and extended up to inferior vena cava, thereby presenting a unique diagnostic conundrum. However, the tumor is negative for a CPM gene amplification, arguing against a liposarcomatous transformation. In addition, the patient does not have any sign of recurrence and metastasis clinically after 2 years of follow-up, also favoring a benign diagnosis of this tumor.
Estradiol-ERβ2 signaling axis confers growth and migration of CRPC cells through TMPRSS2-ETV5 gene fusion

// Hogyoung Kim 1 , Amrita Datta 1 , Sudha Talwar 1 , Sarmad N. Saleem 1 , Debasis Mondal 2 and Asim B. Abdel-Mageed 1, 2, 3 1 Department of Urology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA 2 Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA 3 Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70112, USA Correspondence to: Asim B. Abdel-Mageed, email: amageed@tulane.edu Keywords: estrogen, ERβ2, TMPRSS2:ETV5, IGF-1R, prostate cancer Received: September 02, 2015 Accepted: July 26, 2016 Published: August 17, 2016 ABSTRACT Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) splice variants are implicated in prostate cancer (PC) progression; however their underlying mechanisms remain elusive. We report that non-canonical activation of estradiol (E 2 )-ERβ2 signaling axis primes growth, colony-forming ability and migration of the androgen receptor (AR)-null castration-resistant PC (CRPC) cells under androgen-deprived conditions (ADC). The non-classical E 2 -ERβ2 mediates phosphorylation and activation of Src-IGF-1R complex, which in turn triggers p65-dependent transcriptional upregulation of the androgen-regulated serine protease TMPRSS2:ETV5a/TMPRSS2:ETV5b gene fusions under ADC. siRNA silencing of TMPRSS2 and/or ETV5 suggests that TMPRSS2:ETV5 fusions facilitates the E 2 -ERβ induced growth and migration effects via NF-κB-dependent induction of cyclin D1 and MMP2 and MMP9 in PC-3 cells. Collectively, our results unravel the functional significance of oncogenic TMPRSS2:ETV5 fusions in mediating growth and migration of E 2 -ERβ2 signaling axis in CRPC cells. E 2 -ERβ2 signaling axis may have significant therapeutic and prognostic implications in patients with CRPC.
TransTrack: Tracking Multiple Targets by Sensing Their Zone Transitions

In this paper, we consider a variant of the multi-targettracking problem in which the tracking region is dividedinto zones and targets can only be monitored as they transitionbetween these zones. We call this the transition tracking problem. The key challenge in Transition Tracking is to estimate the numberof targets in the tracking region without being able to senseall targets simultaneously. In this paper, we propose an approachto the Transition Tracking problem called TransTrack. Unlikemost other tracking algorithms that maximize the likelihood ofthe sensor data, TransTrack applies penalty functions to find theminimum number of targets that can explain the sensor data. These penalties allow tracks with larger numbers of targets only ifthey have sufficiently fewer errors than other, alternative tracks. To evaluate this approach, we apply TransTrack to a datasetcontaining 3275 transitions between rooms in a home. We observean average room tracking accuracy of up to 94.5%.
Playing at empathy: Representing and experiencing emotional growth through Twine games

While many games use physical health as a metric and ask the player to become invested in “health” as a resource, emotional health and experiences of trauma, depression, stress, and anxiety are less frequently explored. Yet games represent a powerful space for exploring emotional conditions and allowing players to experiment with choices in the face of difficult circumstances. The Twine platform, a free open-source tool for making primarily text-based games, offers a compelling system for representations of this kind. Close play of games made with this system demonstrates that what is essential for emotional representation is not player agency: instead, it is the lack of choice that is most strongly resonant.
Yogurt inhibits intestinal barrier dysfunction in Caco-2 cells by increasing tight junctions

Chronic inflammation disrupts intestinal barrier function and may contribute to the pathology of obesity and other diseases. The goal of this study was to determine the mechanism by which yogurt improves intestinal barrier function. Caco-2 cells were differentiated on Transwell inserts and used as a model of intestinal barrier permeability. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and flux of 4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD) and lucifer yellow (LY) were used as indicators of monolayer integrity and paracellular permeability. Immunofluorescence microscopy and real time quantitative polymerase chain were used to assess the localization and expression of tight junction proteins known to regulate intestinal permeability. Differentiated cells were treated with a vehicle control (C), inflammatory stimulus (I) (interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, and lipopolysaccharide), or I and 0.03 g mL-1 yogurt (IY). After 48 h, I reduced Caco-2 TEER by 46%, while IY reduced TEER by only 27% (P < 0.0001). FD and LY flux reflected TEER measurements, with IY having significantly lower permeability than I (P < 0.05). Yogurt also improved localization of occludin and zona occludens protein 1 (ZO-1) at tight junctions of differentiated Caco-2 cells. IY increased Caco-2 claudin-1, ZO-1, and occludin mRNA relative to I (P < 0.05). In a simulated digestion, the barrier-improving bioactivity of yogurt was maintained through the gastric phase, but was reduced to the level of I after intestinal digestion (P < 0.05). Therefore, yogurt improved inflammation-disrupted intestinal barrier function in a Caco-2 model by increasing tight junctions, but the beneficial effect on barrier function was reduced at latter stages of digestion.
Tailoring non-viral delivery vehicles for transporting genome-editing tools

The CRISPR-Cas system, especially the type II CRISPR-Cas9 system from Streptococcus pyogenes , has rapidly emerged as a popular genome editing tool. The development of Cas9 derivatives further expanded the toolbox of CRISPR-Cas9 based genome editing kit. However, therapeutic translation of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in vivo is severely impeded by the absence of an appropriate delivery carrier. The complexity and high molecular weight of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, together with the physiological barriers for nucleus targeted cargo transportation have made it a huge challenge for in vivo therapeutic CRISPR-Cas9 delivery. Currently, the main stream carriers for systemic delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 are viral based, such as adeno-associated virus. However, the safety concerns surrounding viral vectors call for the development of non-viral nanocarriers. In this review, we survey the recent advances in the development of non-viral delivery systems for CRISPR-Cas9. Challenges and future directions in this field are also discussed.
Hookworm excretory/secretory products modulate immune responses to heterologous and species-specific antigens

Approximately one billion people are currently infected with hookworm. Despite its high prevalence and the concomitant immune suppression seen in infected individuals, little research has been done on the mechanism of immunosuppression by hookworm. Our study focused on characterizing mechanisms utilized by hookworm to suppress the host immune response. Splenocytes and draining lymph node cells from mice injected with hookworm excretory/secretory (ES) proteins showed decreased proliferation in response to both heterologous and species-specific antigens while also having increased nitric oxide secretion. Analysis by fluorescence-activated cell sorting revealed that mice injected with ES had reduced percentages of CD4+ T cells indicating potential effects of ES proteins on lymphocyte homeostasis. Antibody and cytokine responses analysis demonstrated that immunization with ES proteins decreased IgG and IgG1 levels, also decreased interleukin (IL-) -4 and increased IL-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) cytokine production suggesting impairment of B cell activation and a shift towards a non-healing IL-12 directed T helper-1 immune response. Together, these data demonstrate that host immunosuppression by hookworms is orchestrated by ES proteins and provide mechanisms underlying the shift towards a non-healing Th-1 profile as seen in humans suffering from hookworm infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
The Bureaucratic Harassment of U.S. Servicewomen

Focusing on the U.S. military as a gendered and raced institution and using 33 in-depth interviews with U.S. servicewomen, this study identifies tactics and consequences of workplace harassment tha...
Application of Electrochemical Techniques to the Study of Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion

As indicated by the data presented in this chapter, modem electrochemical techniques are useful for MIC investigations. However, the nature of MIC makes it extremely difficult to use electrochemical techniques for detection, quantification, mechanistic studies, or monitoring. MIC is often the result of viable microorganisms within a viscoelastic, nonconducting biofilm. Techniques that do not require application of an external signal (E corr, dual-cell measurements, and ENA) permit electrochemical measurements without disruption of the causative processes. Most corrosion reactions in MIC are of a very localized nature. This makes use of electrochemical techniques, which in general produce an average signal over the entire surface, difficult. As with all studies of localized corrosion phenomena, more detailed and reliable information can be obtained when a number of different electrochemical techniques are combined. MIC does not produce a unique form of corrosion, so any analytical technique must be accompanied by differentiation between biological and abiological processes. Resolution requires the use of microbiological, surface analytical, and surface imaging techniques.
Financing Underground Freight Transportation Systems in Texas: Identification of Funding Sources and Assessment of Enabling Legislation

AbstractFreight transportation by trucks plays a significant role in the economy of a region, and at the same time contributes greatly to the deterioration of roads and highways. The majority of go...
Dopamine D2 agonist affects visuospatial working memory distractor interference depending on individual differences in baseline working memory span.

The interplay of dopaminergic striatal D1–D2 circuits is thought to support working memory (WM) by selectively filtering information that is to be remembered versus information to be ignored. To test this theory, we conducted an experiment in which healthy participants performed a visuospatial working memory (VSWM) task after ingesting the D2-receptor agonist cabergoline (or placebo), in a randomized, double-blinded, crossover design. Results showed greater interference from distractors under cabergoline, particularly for individuals with higher baseline dopamine (indicated by WM span). These findings support computational theories of striatal D1–D2 function during WM encoding and distractor-filtering, and provide new evidence for interactive cortico-striatal systems that support VSWM capacity and their dependence on WM span.
Regulation of Human B Lymphocyte Activation, Proliferation, and Differentiation

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses several specific aspects of human B cell activation. The sequence of events and the signals involved in initial B cell activation and the relationship to subsequent proliferation and the generation of Ig-secreting cells have been delineated. The functional and phenotypic heterogeneity found among B cells as well as activation requirements of specific B cell subpopulations have been examined. Finally, the roles of various cytokines including B cell growth factor (BCGF), interleukin 2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in B cell responses and their temporal relationship to other B cell activation events are discussed. The nature of the signals transmitted during initial activation determined the capacity of the activated cells to respond subsequently with ongoing proliferation and differentiation. Anatomic site of origin, surface isotype expression, and activation status all play a role in determining the nature of the activation requirements and response potential of B cell subsets. Specific cytokines are presented to provide signals both during and after activation that governed the nature and magnitude of the resultant response. Regulation of human B cell responsiveness is an exquisitely controlled and remarkably complex process.
Temporal Profiles of Instant Utility During Anticipation, Event, and Recall

We propose the anticipation-event-recall AER model. Set in a continuous time frame, the AER model formally links the three components of total utility i.e., utility from anticipation, event utility, and utility from recall. The AER model predicts the temporal profiles of instant utility experienced before, during, and after a given event. Total utility is calculated as the integral of instant utility. The model builds on the psychological elements of conceptual consumption, adaptation, and time distance. By virtue of its rich formulation, the AER model produces a wide set of insights and testable predictions, including the U shape of instant utility during anticipation and the optimal duration of anticipation for a given event. Using both real and hypothetical events, we provide empirical evidence in support of the main implications of the AER model. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2362 . This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
Socialization in the "Virtual Hallway": Instant Messaging in the Asynchronous Web-based Distance Education Classroom

This research reports the findings from a survey that examined the differences in communication between students who used instant messenger (IM) services and those who did not in the same asynchronous distance education Web-based course. It was found that students who used IM services found it easier to communicate, felt a stronger sense of community, and had more venues for informal and social communication about not only class material, but also information about the school and their common degree program. In traditional classroom buildings, the common spaces such as hallways provide the venue for this informal communication; IM services can enhance the distance education environment by providing the “virtual hallways” for students and instructors to meet.
Study of nano-crystalline silicon deposited by VHF-PE CVD for solar cell devices

vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 5 1. Understanding the material 5
Silver Screens: A Pictorial History of Milwaukee's Movie Theaters

Review of: "Silver Screens: A Pictorial History of Milwaukee's Movie Theaters," by Larry Widen and Judi Anderson.
Raciolinguistic ideology of antiblackness: bilingual education, tracking, and the multiracial imaginary in urban schools

Based on a qualitative study of an urban middle school, this article examines student perceptions of shifting tracking structures following the dismantling of a school’s bilingual education program...
Gastric protection by meciadanol. A new synthetic flavonoid inhibiting histidine decarboxylase.

Flavonoids reportedly inhibit histidine decarboxylase and reduce gastric mucosal histamine content. We studied the effects of acute and chronic intragastric administration to rats of meciadanol, a new synthetic flavonoid (Zyma S.A., Nyon, Switzerland). The action of meciadanol was compared to that of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2. Meciadanol did not affect acid or pepsin output at any dose used. High doses of 16, 16-dimethyl PGE2 reduced both acid and pepsin output. Meciadanol partially prevented aspirin-induced lesions but the prevention required chronic administration of meciadanol. In contrast, a single dose of meciadanol completely prevented ethanol-induced lesions. Chronic administration of meciadanol also completely prevented ethanol-induced lesions. 16, 16-Dimethyl PGE2 prevented both aspirin-induced and ethanol-induced lesions in doses that did not affect acid or pepsin output. Meciadanol did not influence the effect that either aspirin or ethanol had on endogenous mucosal PGI2. Thus, the dose range of meciadanol that protected against ulcerogens did not affect either gastric acid secretion or pepsin output. Therefore, we conclude that meciadanol's action represents true cytoprotection, which was previously attributed only to prostaglandins.
Some Economic Incentives Facing a Business that Might Bring About a Technological Singularity

A business that created an artificial general intelligence (AGI) could earn trillions for its investors, but might also bring about a “technological Singularity” that destroys the value of money. Such a business would face a unique set of economic incentives that would likely push it to behave in a socially sub-optimal way by, for example, deliberately making its software incompatible with a friendly AGI framework.
Understanding Attestation: Analyzing Protocols that Use Quotes.

Attestation protocols use digital signatures and other cryptographic values to convey evidence of hardware state, program code, and associated keys. They require hardware support such as Trusted Execution Environments. Conclusions about attestations thus depend jointly on protocols, hardware services, and program behavior.
An Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Time-Domain Method for Multiphysics and Multiscale Simulations

Numerical simulations of multiphysics problems require not only an accurate solution of all the physical phenomena involved, but also an accurate representation of inter-physical couplings. As a natural consequence of the mutual couplings between different physics, most multiphysics problems are also multiscale problems. They can be geometrical, spatial, and temporal multiscales, and can span over several orders of magnitude in terms of the respective characteristics. To accurately simulate such a multiphysics and multiscale problem, it is essential that the multiscale couplings between different physics are properly modeled and simulated. In a numerical simulation, one can use either finer geometrical meshes or higher polynomial orders to resolve a smaller spatial feature, known as the $h$ - and $p$ -refinement, respectively. Unfortunately, since the multiphysics coupling is a dynamic process, the small spatial features of the physics can evolve and propagate in both space and time. In this case, a static refinement does not work well and the $h$ - or $p$ -refinement has to be performed in a dynamic fashion, which results in a numerical system with a not only large but also time-varying size. As a result, the application of $h$ - or $p$ -refinement becomes extremely expensive and impractical to apply.
Toward single-step production of functional electrochemical devices using 3D printing: Progress, challenges, and opportunities

Abstract Sensors and devices that incorporate 3D printed components have gained significant attention because they are easily customized and rapidly prototyped, can produce devices with increasingly complex geometries that are impossible to make using traditional techniques, and can produce high-quality analytical sensors and energy storage devices using inexpensive components. One additional advantage of 3D printing is that a designer can send the design file of a functioning device anywhere in the world over the internet, and the device can be printed at the point of use. This potentially makes 3D printing a viable option for producing low-cost devices for sensing applications in low-resource and difficult to reach environments. Here, we review recent examples where 3D-printing has been used to fabricate ready-to-use electrochemical systems and highlight challenges and opportunities for future development. We place special emphasis on electrochemical systems for energy storage and chemical sensing.
Advancing Culturally Relevant Discipline: An Ethnographic Microanalysis of Disciplinary Interactions With Black Students:

Culturally relevant discipline (CRD) has the potential to mitigate the disproportionate disciplining of Black students in American schools. Utilizing interaction ritual theory, this research uses e...