cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Large Magnetic Moment Effects at High Energies and Composite Particle Models

Spin effects are generally thought to be inessential complications in particle physics. The discovery of large spin-dependent terms in recent pp and np experiments with polarized particles, which have been discussed extensively in the previous Proceedings of this conference,1 shows that this is not the case. I shall show that spin effects not only play a major role in scattering at high energies, but also dominate the bound-state problems at short distances. Consequently any model or theory of hadrons, or any subconstituent model using spin-1/2-components (with magnetic moments) must take into account the following purely electromagnetic effect: The (electro)magnetic interactions become very strong at short distances and give rise to the formation of massive, narrow resonances between light spin-1/2— particles which subsequently decay very weakly by tunnelling. In the following we explain this phenomenon and extend it to the case of the neutrino, assumed to have a small anomalous magnetic moment.
Recording Database Searches for Systematic Reviews - What is the Value of Adding a Narrative to Peer-Review Checklists? A Case Study of NICE Interventional Procedures Guidance

This paper discusses the value of open and transparent methods for recording systematic database search strategies, showing how they have been applied at the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the United Kingdom (UK). Objective – The objectives are to: 1) Discuss the value of search strategy recording methods. 2) Assess any limitations to the practical application of a checklist approach. 3) Make recommendations for recording systematic database searches. Methods – The procedures for recording searches for Interventional Procedures Guidance at NICE were examined. A sample of current methods for recording systematic searches identified in the literature was compared to the NICE processes. The case study analyses the search conducted for evidence about an interventional procedure and shows the practical issues involved in recording the database strategies. The case study explores why relevant papers were not retrieved by a search strategy meeting all of the criteria on the checklist used to peer review it. The evidence was required for guidance on non-rigid stabilisation techniques for the treatment of low back pain. Results – The analysis shows that amending the MEDLINE strategy to make it more sensitive would have increased its yield by 6614 articles. Examination of the search records together with correspondence between the analyst and the searcher reveals the peer reviewer had approved the search because its sensitivity was appropriate for the purpose of producing Interventional Procedures Guidance. The case study demonstrates the limitations of relying on a checklist to ensure the quality of a database search without having any contextual information. Conclusion – It is difficult for the peer reviewer to assess the subjective elements of a search without knowing why it has a particular structure or what the searcher intended. There is a risk that the peer reviewer will concentrate on the technical details, such as spelling mistakes, without having the contextual information. It is beneficial if the searcher records correspondence on key decisions and reports a summary alongside the search strategy. The narrative describes the major decisions that shaped the strategy and gives the peer reviewer an insight into the rationale for the search approach.
Smoking patterns, quit behaviors, and smoking environment of workers in small manufacturing companies

Background This study describes smokers employed at 47 small manufacturing companies in Minnesota, USA. Methods Smokers (n = 713) participating in a group-randomized trial completed a baseline survey on their smoking patterns, quit behaviors, smoking environment, workplace attitudes about smoking, and correlates of smoking. These characteristics were examined by job type and a latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to group workers with similar characteristics. Results Production workers had the highest prevalence of daily smoking (88% vs. 68% among managers), and addiction (61% vs. 26% among managers), and the highest mean level of perceived stress (6.4 vs. 4.9 among managers). The LCA identified three subgroups of smokers that differed in levels of barriers to cessation. Production workers were most likely to be in the group with greater barriers (P = 0.01). Conclusions These results underscore the importance of targeting interventions to production workers and those who exhibit the greatest barriers to cessation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 58:996–1007, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BiSrCaCuO superconducting thin films on LaGaO3 and SrTiO3 by rf sputtering

Abstract Under the same rf deposition and post annealing conditions, BiSrCaCuO (BSCCO) thin films on LaGaO 3 show better superconducting properties than BSCCO films on SrTiO 3 with T c 2–3K higher and J c an order of magnitude higher at the same temperature. Besides, due to its well textured structure, the films on LaGaO 3 show good 2D behavior. The Kosterlitz-Thouless transition point T KT is about 2K lower than Ginzburg-Landau superconducting transition point T co .
Less means more for pigeons but not always.

When humans are asked to judge the value of a set of objects of excellent quality, they often give this set higher value than those same objects with the addition of some of lesser quality. This is an example of the affect heuristic, often referred to as the less-is-more effect. Monkeys and dogs, too, have shown this suboptimal effect. But in the present experiments, normally hungry pigeons chose optimally: a preferred food plus a less--preferred food over a more-preferred food alone. In Experiment 2, however, pigeons on a less-restricted diet showed the suboptimal less-is-more effect. Choice on control trials indicated that the effect did not result from the novelty of two food items versus one. The effect in the less-food-restricted pigeons appears to result from the devaluation of the combination of the food items by the presence of the less-preferred food item. The reversal of the effect under greater food restriction may occur because, as motivation increases, the value of the less-preferred food increases faster than the value of the more-preferred food, thus decreasing the difference in value between the two foods.
Expression of oligodendroglial differentiation markers in pilocytic astrocytomas identifies two clinical subsets and shows a significant correlation with proliferation index and progression free survival

The growth pattern of pilocytic astrocytoma (PAs) is unpredictable. Gene expression profiling has recently demonstrated an inverse relationship between myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and progression free survival (PFS) in PAs. We present here the pattern of expression of oligodendroglial differentiation markers (ODMs) in PAs by immunohistochemistry and their correlation with PI and PFS. Sixty-four cases of PA were reviewed and representative sections were stained for Ki-67 and ODMs, including MBP, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α (PDGFR-α), Olig-1, and Olig-2. Sections were graded semi-quantitatively for intensity (I: 0–3+) and extent (E: 0–4+) of staining. PI was expressed as a percentage of Ki-67 positive cells. Immunoreactivity of MBP, PDGFR-α, Olig-1, and Olig-2 was observed in 84, 56, 97, and 75% of cases, respectively. There was a statistically significant inverse correlation between MBP expression and PI (r 2 = .696, p = .014). A positive correlation was observed between PDGFR-α and PI (r 2 = .727, p = .011). Further analysis showed a significant difference in PFS between low expressors [I + E score ≤ 3] and high expressors (I + E score ≥ 4) for PDGFR-α with p < .001. Notably, there was a significant difference in PFS between high expressors of MBP and high expressors of PDGFR-α with p < .001. These results suggest that expression of ODMs, especially MBP and PDGFR-α, may identify two clinical subsets of PA. In addition, we have shown the expression of 4 different ODMs in PAs, which may support the possibility that PAs arise from oligodendrocyte progenitor/precursor cells probably similar to the O2A progenitor cells in the mouse.
Late-Glacial Stratigraphy of a Northern Part of the Kennebec River Valley, Western Maine

The late-glacial stratigraphy of the northern part of the Kennebec River valley of Maine indicates the following sequence of events. (1) As the last extensive ice sheet dissipated in Maine, the sea inundated parts of the deglaciated and isostatically depressed region and deposited the Presumpscot Formation. (2) During emergence, outwash of the Embden Formation was gradationally deposited on the Presumpscot Formation. (3) As emergence progressed, the Embden and Presumpscot Formations were deeply incised by the early Kennebec River. (4) Outwash (?) of the North Anson Formation was later deposited within this incision. The geologic sequence of events, radiocarbon dates in the area, and correlation of events of the Maine, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia region suggest that the last extensive ice sheet to cover the region dissipated more rapidly in eastern Maine and New Brunswick than in the highlands of New Hampshire and western Maine. The data also suggest that ice persisted in the highlands during the time of the Cary-Port Huron Interstade, perhaps dissipating during the time of the Port Huron- Valders Interstade of the mid-continental sequence. These highlands probably later became a center for ice accumulation and radial outflow. This ice cap probably grew synchronously with the main Valders ice sheet to the north, with cirque glaciers on Mount Katahdin, Maine, and with the ice cap in southwestern Nova Scotia.
Bayesian incidence analysis of animal tumorigenicity data

Statistical inference about tumorigenesis should focus on the tumour incidence rate. Unfortunately, in most animal carcinogenicity experiments, tumours are not observable in live animals and censoring of the tumour onset times is informative. In this paper, we propose a Bayesian method for analysing data from such studies. Our approach focuses on the incidence of tumours and accommodates occult tumours and censored onset times without restricting tumour lethality, relying on cause-of-death data, or requiring interim sacrifices. We represent the underlying state of nature by a multistate stochastic process and assume general probit models for the time-specific transition rates. These models allow the incorporation of covariates, historical control data and subjective prior information. The inherent flexibility of this approach facilitates the interpretation of results, particularly when the sample size is small or the data are sparse. We use a Gibbs sampler to estimate the relevant posterior distributions. The methods proposed are applied to data from a US National Toxicology Program carcinogenicity study.
Fermionic chemical potential

This paper gives a critical review of the physical meaning of the chemical potential, perhaps the most abstract of all thermodynamic quantities. To show its basic behavior, thereby to illustrate its physical significance, we have derived the chemical potential of a system of free electrons as a function of the density and temperature in different spatial dimensions. We have shown how to obtain the isothermal compressibility given the chemical potential. To emphasize the usefulness of the knowledge of dimensional dependence, both the compressibility and average kinetic energy are expressed as simple dimensional relationships of the density and, hence, the chemical potential. Finally, there is a certain temperature at which the chemical potential should identically vanish. Physical implications of zero chemical potential are discussed.
Effect of oxidizing agents on rabbit mammary prolactin receptors

Treatment of rabbit mammary membrane-bound and solubilized prolactin receptors with the oxidizing agents N-chlorobenzene sulfonamide and N-bromosuccinimide resulted in total inactivation of the ability of the receptor to bind prolactin. A similar inactivation was obtained with 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylbromide. The results suggest the possible importance of tryptophan in maintaining the activity of the prolactin receptor.
Robust controller design for attitude control of control moment gyroscope

Robust controller design in presence of disturbance and system parameter uncertainties has been a challenging task. In this paper attitude control of ECP 750 Gyroscope in presence of uncertainties is solved using LMI based multi objective state feedback H 2 /H ∞ controller. The attitude control problem addressed here resembles the formulation of polytopic model of MIMO gyroscope model to cater the parameter uncertainty and subsequent robust controller design using LMI framework is novelty of this work. MATLAB simulation results show better robust attitude control and disturbance rejection.
Personal sampler for nitrogen dioxide

A new type of personal sampler for gases in air, originally reported from this laboratory, has been adapted to measurement of NO2. The sampler depends on the transfer of NO2 by diffusion to a triethanolamine coated collector at the sealed end of a tube; the open end of the tube is exposed to the test environment. The devices are accurate, light, simple to use and have very good shelf life before and after sampling.
Comparison of natural convection of water and air in a partitioned rectangular enclosure

Abstract A numerical solution comparing steady natural convection of water and air in a two dimensional, partially divided, rectangular enclosure is presented. Rayleigh numbers investigated range from 106 to 108, and the opening ratios studied are 0, 1 4 , 1 6 , and 1 8 respectively. To obtain a comparative study, Prandtl number of 7.0 (for water) and Prandtl number of 0.71 (for air) are used for the two working fluids. This study demonstrates that the conventional use of water to model air convection in partitioned enclosures gives reasonable heat transfer results. The average Nusselt number obtained for water is only 2 ∼ 5% larger than that for air at the same conditions. The flow configuration and exchange flow rates for water and air are, however, different. The exchange flow rate for water is found to be 10 ∼ 20% larger than that for air. It is observed that for the opened partition the average Nusselt number is 13 ∼ 24% larger than that for unopened partition. On the other hand, an opening in the partition reduces the exchange volume flow rates by 5.68 ∼ 15.2% for water and 1 ∼ 11.4% for air, depending on the Rayleigh number and the opening ratio.
Time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of spinach chloroplast

Abstract Picosecond fluorescent kinetics and time-resolved spectra of spinach chloroplast were measured at room temperature and low temperatures. The measurement is conducted with 530 nm excitation at an average intensity of 2 · 1014 photons/cm2, pulse and at a pulse separation of 6 ns for the 100 pulses used. The 685 nm fluorescent kinetics was found to decay with two components, a fast component with a 56 ps lifetime, and a slow component with a 220 ps lifetime. The 730 nm fluorescent kinetics at room temperature is a single exponential decay with a 100 ps lifetime. The 730 nm fluorescence lifetime was found to increase by a factor of 6 when the temperature was lowered from room temperature to 90 K, while the 685 and 695 nm fluorescent kinetics were unchanged. The time-resolved spectra data obtained within 10 ps after excitation is consistent with the kinetic data reported here. A two-level fluorescence scheme is proposed to explain the kinetics. The effect of excitation with high light intensity and multiple pulses is discussed.
Cardiac Tamponade: A Complication of Central Venous Hyperalimentation

Complications from central venous catheterization for administration of parenteral feeding solutions are common and well documented. In a recent series, complications from catheter placement were reported as 4.8%. 1 We report the case of a patient with cardiac tamponade while receiving parenteral hyperalimentation through a polyurethane central venous catheter. (Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition10: 528-529, 1986)
Antarctic Geologic History Investigated by Diamond Drilling

After two seasons of drilling in antarctic permafrost, the Dry Valley Drilling Project has recovered more than 1,300 m of glacial, lacustrine, volcanic, and basement rock representing a cross section of geology in the McMurdo Sound region.
A possible SU(7) grand unified model with non-standard charged quarks, lepton and low-mass magnetic monopole☆

Abstract A possible SU(7) grand unified model with non-standard charged quarks, lepton and low-mass magnetic monopole is proposed. In this model, the quarks and leptons of the first and the second generations are the same as in the standard GUM, but the assignment of the fermions of the third and the fourth generations is quite different from the standard GUM. Although the charge of the top quark is 2 3 , the quark Q=− 1 3 , the τ lepton Q=−1, there are also two kinds of quarks with Q= 5 3 , − 4 3 and a lepton with Q=−2. The coupling of e−νe, μ−νμ and τ−μτ is V − A. We break SU(7) down to SU(3) and U(1)em in three steps. We estimate the proton decay lifetime tp and the mass of the magnetic monopole Mm. In the experimentally plausible ranges of the weak mixing angle sin2θw(Mw) and the strong-coupling constant αs(Mw), 0.18⩽sin2θw(Mw) ⩽ 0.22, 0.15 ⩽ αs(Mw) ⩽ 0.24, respectively, tp > 1030 yr, which sensitively depends on the mass scale of the grand unified point, and M m ⋍ 10 6 GeV , which is almost independent of sin2θw(Mw) and αs(Mw) and consistent with the big-bang theory of the universe.
Material characteristics of HgCdSe grown on GaSb and ZnTe/Si substrates by MBE

Much progress has been made in developing high quality HgCdTe/Si for large area focal plane array (FPA) applications. However, even with all the material advances made to date, there is no guarantee that this technology will be mature enough to meet the stringent FPA specifications required for long wavelength infrared (LWIR) systems. With this in mind, the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has begun investigating HgCdSe material for infrared (IR) applications. Analogous to HgCdTe, HgCdSe is a tunable semiconductor that can detect any wavelength of IR radiation through control of the alloy composition. In addition, several mature, large area bulk III-V substrates are nearly latticematched to HgCdSe giving this system a possible advantage over HgCdTe in which no scalable, bulk substrate technology exists. We have initiated a study of the growth of HgCdSe using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Growth temperature and material flux ratios were varied to ascertain the best growth conditions and study defect formation. Smooth surface morphology has been achieved using a growth temperature much lower than HgCdTe. Preliminary data suggest a linear relationship between the Se/Cd flux ratio used during growth and the cut-off wavelength as measured by FTIR.
Ventral noradrenergic bundle "area" lesions producing reduced body weight and activity.

Abstract Bilateral lesions in the area of the ventral noradrenergic bundle (VNAB) were performed on male rats. Except on a few days, food intake (FI) of the lesioned rats was not significantly different from the controls. However, body weight (BW) of the lesioned rats was significantly less than the controls 15 days after lesioning. Neither FI data nor state of hydration can explain the lesioned rats' lower BW. The lesioned animals were hypoactive but increased their running the same percentage as shams when both groups were fasted. In the lesioned rats body composition and insulin concentrations were normal while mean growth hormone concentrations and body length tended to be less than normal, but significance was not reached. Hypothalamic norepinephrine was reduced following lesioning. It is suggested that damage to a tract near the VNAB may explain the hyperphagia and obesity seen by others after lesioning in this area. Lastly, it is proposed that damage to yet another fiber tract near the VNAB may explain part of the results of present investigation.
A composite index to quantify dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer-based composite materials

Abstract Several methods with various levels of sophistication exist to quantify dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in a polymer matrix, such as the ASTM D2663 standard that is often used in engineering practice. However, most methods are limited by their accuracy, complexity of implementation, and scalability. In this paper, we present a new technique and index to quantify dispersion of CNTs in a composite material. The technique is partially based on a quadrat method, and takes into account the dispersion and agglomerate size distribution of the CNTs. This index is benchmarked against the ASTM index using computer generated images and images experimentally obtained from thirty CNT composite material specimens with different CNT loading rates up to twenty volume percent. The new index is shown to be more versatile and reliable than the ASTM index. It is easily implementable in engineering practice as opposed to other more sophisticated techniques available in the literature.
Repetitive, Negligible Force Reaching in Rats Induces Pathological Overloading of Upper Extremity Bones

Work-related repetitive motion disorders are costly. Immunohistochemical changes in bones resulting from repetitive reaching and grasping in 17 rats were examined. After 3–6 weeks, numbers of ED1+ macrophages and osteoclasts increased at periosteal surfaces of sites of muscle and interosseous membrane attachment and metaphyses of reach and nonreach forelimbs. These findings indicate pathological overloading leading to inflammation and subsequent bone resorption. Introduction: Sixty-five percent of all occupational illnesses in U.S. private industry are attributed to musculoskeletal disorders arising from the performance of repeated motion, yet the precise mechanisms of tissue pathophysiology have yet to be determined for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. This study investigates changes in upper extremity bone tissues resulting from performance of a voluntary highly repetitive, negligible force reaching and grasping task in rats. Materials and Methods: Seventeen rats reached an average of 8.3 times/minute for 45-mg food pellets for 2 h/day, 3 days/week for up to 12 weeks. Seven rats served as normal or trained controls. Radius, ulna, humerus, and scapula were collected bilaterally as follows: radius and ulna at 0, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 12 weeks and humerus and scapula at 0, 4, and 6 weeks. Bones were examined for ED1-immunoreactive mononuclear cells and osteoclasts. Double-labeling immunohistochemistry was performed for ED1 (monocyte/macrophage lineage cell marker) and TRACP (osteoclast marker) to confirm that ED1+ multinucleated cells were osteoclasts. Differences in the number of ED1+ cells over time were analyzed by ANOVA. Results: Between 3 and 6 weeks of task performance, the number of ED1+ mononuclear cells and osteoclasts increased significantly at the periosteal surfaces of the distal radius and ulna of the reach and nonreach limbs compared with control rats. These cells also increased at periosteal surfaces of humerus and scapula of both forelimbs by 4–6 weeks. These cellular increases were greatest at muscle attachments and metaphyseal regions, but they were also present at some interosseous membrane attachments. The number of ED1+ cells decreased to control levels in radius and ulna by 12 weeks. Conclusions: Increases in ED1+ mononuclear cells and osteoclasts indicate that highly repetitive, negligible force reaching causes pathological overloading of bone leading to inflammation and osteolysis of periosteal bone tissues.
Sympathetic Deficits Following Thalamotomy

SYMPATHETIC deficits have been found in 15 patients who have undergone thalamotomy for dyskinesia. These deficits have consisted of ptosis, miosis, and hemianhydrosis on the side of the body ipsilateral to the lesion. Sympathetic defects associated with brainstem lesions are not uncommon in clinical experience, as in the Wallenberg syndrome seen with lesions of the lateral medullary region. Apparently the efferent sympathetic pathways course through the lateral area of the medulla as they descend. However, reports of sympathetic loss with lesions rostral to the pons are rare. Small lesions of the upper brainstem which can be accurately localized and which result in limited defect are uncommon indeed. The investigation of these patients provides new information concerning the location of sympathetic paths at mesencephalic-diencephalic levels in man. Materials and Methods All of the patients reported in this series were operated on at the Neurological Institute of New York between May
Evoked activity in the nervous system of Callinectes sapidus following phasic excitation of the statocysts.

Experimenteller Nachweis bei der SchwimmkrabbeCallinectes sapidus, dass kurzes Rotieren uber die Statocysten im Gehirn und im Nerven Potentiale evoziert, die fur die Beinstellung von Bedeutung sind.
Heating by Raman Backscatter and Forward Scatter

This Letter presents computer simulations of the reflection and heating due to stimulated Raman scattering of intense laser light in large regions of underdense plasma. The heated electron distribution is approximately a Maxwellian of temperature $\frac{1}{2}{m}_{e}{{v}_{p}}^{2}$. A simple model of the reflection is presented. Forward Raman scattering was also observed producing extremely energetic electrons. Finally, two-dimensional simulations showed sizable Raman scattering coexisting with heating by the $2{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{\mathrm{pe}}$ instability. Raman scattering may cause a preheat problem with large laser-fusion-reactor targets.
Study of affective communication method in tactile hand gesture feedback

We are interested in the usability of haptic hand gestures in emotional online communication. To investigate how different emotions are associated with different tactile hand gestures, we built a tactile user interface device to record parameters of hand gestures exerted on it such as the hand gesture intensity, temporal frequency, spatial frequency and pattern correlation to be used as the source of information to access emotions. We observed the behavioral aspects of tactile hand gestures used for emotional interaction through the sensory input device and analyzed the data using a model-based analysis tool. The obtained gestures are categorized into the groups defined by the tactile signal parameters. Based on the findings of this research, we show a possibility that the tactile hand gesture-to-emotion map can be used to enable affective on-line communication. We are applying the relationships between tactile hand gestures and emotions to emotional online communication devices.
Visual loss after retrogasserian glycerol injection

and multiple spontaneous joint dislocations (Fig. 2). Slit-lamp examination showed punc­ tate staining and neovascularization of the infe­ rior one third of both corneas caused by sponta­ neous bilateral entropion of the lower eyelids and extreme laxity. She was treated with lateral tarsorrhaphies in both eyes, which decreased the corneal exposure and corrected the entropi­ on. Larsen's syndrome is a rare condition with severe orthopedic abnormalities. The affected individuals have a pathognomonic cylindrical shape to their fingers, which do not taper distal­ ly. Additionally, they have spatulate thumbs and short metacarpals. Only the major joints spontaneously dislocate; the shoulder, wrist, and fingers are not involved. The bone develop­ ment is normal as is the dentition; however, cleft palate, cleft uvula, or midline uvular groves have been reported. The flattened facies is accentuated by the prominent forehead and depressed nasal bridge. In this patient, the flat facies and marked cutaneous laxity contributed to the spontane­ ous entropion and subsequent keratopathy. Fortunately, both of these conditions were cor­ rected by lateral tarsorrhaphies.
Ion Binding by Surfaces of Isolated Cuticular Membranes.

One approach to the solution of problems relating to the intake and loss of nutrients by plant foliage is to separate the leaf into its various components. Ion penetration, binding, and exchange phenomena for each can then be studied. A logical beginning is with the cuticular layer which may, with some species, be separated in relatively large segments as an intact membrane. Two such enzymically isolated membranes, the stomatous green onion leaf cuticle and the astomatous tomato fruit cuticle, have been subjected to rigorous study (10). Permeability of these cuticular membranes for both inorganic cations and anions was greater from the outer to the inner surface than from the inner to the outer surfaces. Furthermore, the rate of penetration was positively related to the extent of ion binding on the surface opposite the site of initial entry (11). The degree of ion binding on the inner and outer cuticular surfaces and its relationship to surface morphology is herein described.
Occult complication of nonoperative treatment of blunt liver injury: detection by CT.

A 25-year-old motocross racer was thrown 20 ft from his vehicle, which then landed on him. His vital signs were stable at the scene and during transportation to the trauma centen. Physical examination of the abdomen revealed mild tenderness in the night upper quadrant. Gross hematumia was present. Portable antemoposteniom madiognaphs of the chest and pelvis showed no fractures. CT of the abdomen, performed in lieu of penitoneal lavage, showed a moderate amount of penihepatic fluid, a stellate laceration of the night hepatic lobe that involved the confluence of the hepatic veins (Fig. 1A), and a pennephnic hematoma associated with a laceration of the superior pole of the might kidney. No extravasation of urine or evidence of other retropenitoneal or bowel injury was noted. Because the patient remained hemodynamically stable, nonoperative management was chosen for his liver and kidney injuries. A CT scan obtained 48 hr after admission, to follow up the extensive liver injury, showed no change in the liven and kidney lacerations. Results of liver function tests remained normal. A low-grade fever developed on the fifth day after the injury. All cultures were negative for microorganisms, the fever resolved with antibiotic therapy, and the patient was discharged on the ninth day after the injury. The patient was still asymptomatic when he returned 17 days after the injury for a scheduled follow-up examination. A CT scan at this time showed that a large, low-attenuation, multilocular collection had developed at the site of his liver laceration, compressing the intrahepatic portion of the inferior vena cava (IVC) (Fig. 1 B). A nonocclusive 6-cm-long thrombus was present in the IVC immediately below the left renal vein (Fig. 1C). On sonographic examination, the intrahepatic collection was consistent with biloma, and the IVC thrombus was confirmed. An IVC filter was placed prophylactically above the thrombus via tnansjugulan access. Because the patient remained asymptomatic, the intrahepatic fluid collection was not drained.
Effect of instruction in appropriate rubato usage on performances of Mozart and Bach: Replication and extension

The purpose of this study was to investigate how instruction in the use of rhythmic nuances influences subsequent timings of a musical performance. Volunteer participants were asked to listen to and alter a performance of an excerpt from Mozart’s Concerto for Horn and Orchestra No. 2 and Bach’s Suite Number 3 for Violoncello solo, Bourree Number 1. They used recently-developed software that allowed them to control the rhythmic timing of each of the performances without changing any other musical attribute. Forty music majors served as participants for both excerpts in a counter-balanced design. When, after practice, participants generated a performance with which they were pleased, it was saved as a pretest. Students in the treatment group for each piece were taught the rhythmic tendencies that have been identified in the finest performances of these excerpts and practiced them until they felt they were prepared to make a second recording, which was saved as the posttest. Control participants were instructed simply to practice more and to make another, better recording. All note onset data were calculated and analyzed to determine if the experimental groups had successfully integrated the given rhythmic tendencies into their performances. Results indicated that students in the experimental groups did indeed more closely reflect the model professional performances in their posttest performances of both experiments.
Photo-Enhanced Catalytic Reactions

The effect of high solar flux on the catalytic methapation reaction has been investigated. Irradiation of the nickel catalyst at a flux of 1.4 MW/m2 resulted in a 100% increase in methane yield for the reaction. This high flux photo-enhancement is believed to be due to photo-enhanced dissociation of the CO molecule on the nickel catalyst surface.
The Behavior of 99Tc in Doped-Glass/Basalt Hydrothermal Interaction Tests

The release of polyvalent radionuclides from a nuclear waste repository located in basalt may be sensitively related to the redox potential (Eh) imposed by the basalt. A series of tests are reported here evaluating the effect of basalt on the concentrations of 99 Tc released into solution from a borosilicate glass waste form. Crushed PNL 76-68 glass, doped with 0.7 mg 9 99 Tc/g glass, was reacted with reference basalt groundwater under oxic hydrothermal conditions in a sampling autoclave, both alone and in the presence of crushed basalt. The steady state fluid concentrations of 99 Tc and various stable species were determined from samples obtained at the test conditions of 200 °C, 30 MPa, and a initial solution to solid mass ratio of 10 for both tests. In the glass + groundwater test, the 99 Tc concentration rose rapidly to about 50 mg/L after only 200 hr of run time and remained at a value between 50 and 60 mg/L throughout the duration of the test. For the basalt + glass + groundwater test, the 99 Tc concentration rose to an initial value of about 2.5 mg/L. At about 700 hr, the 99 Tc concentration began to drop rapidly until a value near the analytical detection limit (approximately 0.005 mg/L) was reached after a test duration of 1,400 hr. It is concluded that the presence of basalt in these hydrothermal experimtents reduces the concentration of 99 Tc in solution by nearly four orders of magnitude, probably by control of solution Eh and subsequent precipitation of a solid containing a reduced form of technetium. Reaction mechanisms are discussed that can account for these observations.
Reduction of motor artifact in antidromic ulnar sensory studies

Motor artifact often interferes with recording of antidromic ulnar sensory responses from digit 5. In the belief that this artifact is due to a volume-conducted motor response, eight different recording electrode and finger positions were evaluated in 10 normal subjects in an attempt to reduce or eliminate it. Placement of the recording electrodes over the middle and distal phalanges of digit 5 while the fingers were extended and abducted reduced this artifact most effectively, with minimal decrease in amplitude of the sensory response. This finding has important implications for the routine performance of antidromic sensory conduction studies of the ulnar nerve. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Muscle Nerve 22: 520–522, 1999.
Improvements to long-pulse system performance and operational efficiency on OMEGA EP

OMEGA EP is a petawatt-class, Nd-doped phosphate glass laser system that can be operated in both 1053-nm, short-pulse (<1- to 100-ps) and 351-nm, long-pulse (1- to 10-ns) regimes. It was completed in FY08 and began user shots in FY09 during which 350 target shots were conducted for 30 principal investigators. As of the start of FY11, over 1000 target shots have been performed. The beamline architecture consists of 40-cm, single-segment disk amplifiers in a multipass configuration to provide the necessary gain and resulting IR energy. For long-pulse operation, type-I/type-II frequency-conversion crystals are used to convert the 1053-nm fundamental wavelength to its third harmonic. An important operational goal of the Omega EP Laser Facility is to provide principal investigators with maximum UV energy on target, while maintaining UV peak fluences within an acceptable margin for safe operation. To optimize the long-pulse, on-target energy of OMEGA EP, we have pursued a threefold effort: (1) Improve the laser-induced damage threshold of beam-transport optics; (2) improve the near-field beam profile; and (3) develop simulation tools to use during shot operations that provide rapid prediction of laser-system performance. These simulation tools predict the UV near-field beam-fluence distribution and on-target energy based on measurements of the inputs to the main amplifiers and are regularly used during shot operations. They have streamlined daily system qualification, making it possible for UV energy to be maximized within current system constraints.
Single phase pressure drop in microchannels

Abstract This article focuses on investigating fully developed liquid and vapor flow through rectangular microchannels with hydraulic diameters varying from 69.5 to 304.7 μm and with aspect ratios changing from 0.09 to 0.24. R134a liquid and vapor were used as the testing fluids. During the experiments, the Reynolds numbers were varied between 112 and 9180. Pressure drop data are used to characterize the friction factor in the laminar region, the transition region and the turbulent region. When the channel surface roughness was low, both the laminar friction factor and the critical Reynolds number approached the conventional values, even for the smallest channel tested. Hence, there was no indication of deviation from the Navier–Stokes flow theory for rectangular microchannels. The friction factor data in the turbulent region were larger than the predictions from the [Churchill, S.W., 1977, Friction factor equations spans all fluid-flow regimes, Chemical Engineering 45, 91–92] equation for smooth tubes, even for the smoothest channel tested ( R a / D h = 0.14%). In addition, it was likely that surface roughness was responsible for higher laminar flow friction and earlier transition to turbulent flow in one of the channels tested.
An Acute Change in Lung Allocation Score and Survival After Lung Transplantation: A Cohort Study

Lung transplantation is an effective treatment for selected patients with advanced lung diseases (1, 2). In the United States, the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) uses the lung allocation score (LAS) to prioritize organ allocation to patients in greatest need, a system implemented in May 2005 (3). This score, ranging from 0 to 100, is assigned to potential recipients on the basis of their clinical characteristics and reflects the expected survival if on the waiting list for 1 year and that after transplantation. Higher scores indicate a greater priority for transplantation. In practice, patients are listed and then must wait before transplantation. During this time, the LAS is updated in response to changes in clinical status or at least every 6 months. Since implementation of the LAS, the absolute number of waiting-list deaths has decreased, consistent with a primary goal of the LAS to address clinical urgency for lung transplantation (4–8). However, transplant recipients with higher LASs also have increased posttransplant mortality (9–12), an important consideration when weighing the net benefit of lung transplantation. In contrast to studies focused on the LAS at transplantation (LAS-T), evidence also shows that many patients experience changes in the LAS between listing and transplantation (13). However, the clinical implications of such changes, particularly acute increases in the LAS before transplantation, are unknown. In our analysis, we hypothesized that acute increases in the LAS before transplantation would be associated with worse survival after transplantation. To test this hypothesis, we leveraged UNOS registry data collected since implementation of the LAS and modeled the effect of an acute increase in LAS on posttransplant survival time with adjustment for the LAS-T.
Peripheral neuropathies following experimental intraoperative radiation therapy (IORT)

Injury to peripheral nerves in the lumbar para-aortic region was evaluated in beagle dogs 2 years following fractionated irradiation (EBRT), intraoperative irradiation (IORT), or a combination of IORT and EBRT. Time to onset of peripheral neuropathy was determined by means of serially completed neurological and electrophysiological examinations. Peripheral neuropathies were seen beginning as early as 6 months following 35 Gy (or greater) IORT only and 35 Gy plus 50 Gy EBRT. The incidence of peripheral neuropathies increased with increasing IORT doses beginning at 15 Gy. Onsets of peripheral neuropathies following IORT alone were clustered between 6 and 18 months, with onset in some dogs occurring as late as 24 months. The combination of IORT and EBRT resulted in an incidence and latency to onset of neuropathies similar to that seen with IORT alone. Neuropathies were not seen with EBRT alone at doses from 50 Gy to 80 Gy. Recovery of nerve function did not occur in affected dogs. Histological studies of nerves 2 years following irradiation demonstrated loss of axons and myelin, with a corresponding increase in endoneurial, perineurial, and epineurial connective tissue. Percentage of axon and myelin decreased to about 60% of normal at 15 Gy IORT, and additionally at higher doses. An insignificant decrease in percentage of axon and myelin was seen following EBRT alone. A significant lesion occurring in and around nerves at most IORT doses was necrosis and hyalinization of the media of small arteries and arterioles. The dose for a 50% probability for causing severe vessel lesions in the 2-year study was 19.5 Gy IORT only and 18.7 Gy when IORT was combined with EBRT. These lesions were not seen with any EBRT only dose. These studies suggest that peripheral nerve is a dose limiting normal tissue in IORT. Neuropathies appear to result from direct effects of irradiation on nerve and secondary effects to nerve resulting from damage to regional vasculature.
Creation and Authority: The Natural Law Foundations of Locke's Account of Parental Authority

John Locke occupies a central place in the contemporary philosophical literature on parental authority, and his child-centered approach has inspired a number of recognizably Lockean theories of parenthood. But unlike the best historically informed scholarship on other aspects of Locke's thought, those interested in his account of parental rights have not yet tried to understand its connection to debates of the period or to Locke's broader theory of natural law. In particular, Locke's relation to the seventeenth-century conversation about the role of generation in grounding ‘paternal power’ is not well-known. Understanding this background is interesting in itself, but more importantly, it can provide us with a deeper appreciation of what Locke is actually saying, as well as a useful vantage-point for surveying current debates about parental rights.
A Climatological Perspective of Transient Synoptic Features during NAME 2004

Abstract This note provides a first look at a recently developed long-term climatology of transient synoptic features in northern Mexico. Key features investigated include inverted troughs, cutoff lows, cold fronts, and open troughs (westerly short waves). This 35-yr analysis of transient systems crossing northern Mexico (1967–2001) was developed to help place the summer climatology of the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) into a broader perspective. Inverted troughs are found to be the most commonly occurring transient synoptic feature during the monsoon with a mean frequency of occurrence of 55 days per summer season (June–September). Inverted troughs are found to contribute from 20% to 25% of the average summer rainfall observed in northern Mexico. Rainfall doubles during inverted trough days compared to days without transient systems being present. In 2004 the monsoon season was greatly shortened due to a poorly developed subtropical high. Compared to long-term means, inverted troughs cont...
Use of known landmarks for satellite navigation

The use of known landmark measurements along with an onboard attitude reference system for estimation of both the ephemeris and attitude of an earth orbiting satellite is discussed. Simulation results are presented which show that, although known landmarks alone do not provide sufficient information to bound the uncertainty in attitude and ephemeris, they are useful in combination with other navigation aids, such as star tracking, ground tracking, or satellite tracking. An extended Kalman filter is used for optimal estimation. The result of using a smoothing algorithm is also shown.
Free amino acids in thoraces of flown honey bees, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Abstract 1. 1. The free amino acids were compared in the thoraces of flown and unflown honey bees, Apis mellifera L. Both workers and drones were tested. 2. 2. The amino acids showed little change with flight detectable by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. By spectrophotometric analysis, a slight depletion in proline content with flight was observed. 3. 3. Evidently, proline is a minor source of flight energy in bees fed sucrose.
The mass spectrum, proton affinity and ion-molecule reactions of SO3

Abstract The electron impact mass spectrum of SO 3 has been obtained. The data suggest that neutral surface reactions of SO 3 form SO 2 and perhaps SO in the source of the mass spectrometer. Rapid charge-exchange reactions of N 2 + , Kr + and CO 2 + are observed with SO 3 , SO + and S + react rapidly with SO 3 to give SO 2 + . The proton affinity of SO 3 is 142 ± 2 kcal mol −1 .
Critical role of nociceptor plasticity in chronic pain

The transition from acute to chronic pain states might be the most important challenge in research to improve clinical treatment of debilitating pain. We describe a recently identified mechanism of neuronal plasticity in primary afferent nociceptive nerve fibers (nociceptors) by which an acute inflammatory insult or environmental stressor can trigger long-lasting hypersensitivity of nociceptors to inflammatory cytokines. This phenomenon, "hyperalgesic priming," depends on the epsilon isoform of protein kinase C (PKCepsilon) and a switch in intracellular signaling pathways that mediate cytokine-induced nociceptor hyperexcitability. We discuss the impact of this discovery on our understanding of, and ultimately our ability to treat, a variety of enigmatic and debilitating pain conditions, including those associated with repetitive injury, and generalized pain conditions, such as fibromyalgia.