cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Extracellular magnesium regulates intracellular free Mg2+ in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Regulatory effects of extracellular magnesium ions ([Mg2+]o) on intracellular free ionized magnesium ([Mg2+]i) were exmained in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) fromrat aorta by digital imaging microscopy using the Mg2+ fluorescent probe, Mag-fura-2. With normal Mg2+(1.2 mM)-containing incubation media, [Mg2+]i in VSMCs was 0.63±0.09 mM. The ratio of [Mg2+]i/[Mg2+]o was 0.52±0.07. Elevation of [Mg2+]o up to 4.8 mM induced consistent increments in [Mg2+]i (to a mean values of 1.63±0.08 mM) in 5 min and lowered the ratio of [Mg2+]i/[Mg2+]o to 0.34±0.02. Our data suggest that [Mg2+]o can regulate [Mg2+]i, which may be related to its effects on intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and tone of VSMCs.
Directed Specifications and Assumption Mining for Monotone Dynamical Systems

Given a dynamical system and a specification, assumption mining is the problem of identifying the set of admissible disturbance signals and initial states that generate trajectories satisfying the specification. We first introduce the notion of a directed specification, which describes either upper or lower sets in a partially ordered signal space, and show that this notion encompasses an expressive temporal logic fragment. We next show that the order preserving nature of monotone dynamical systems makes them amenable to a systematic form of assumption mining that checks numerical simulations of system trajectories against directed specifications. The assumption set is then located with a multidimensional bisection method that converges to the boundary from above and below. Typical objectives in vehicular traffic control, such as avoiding or clearing congestion, are directed specifications. In an application to a freeway flow model with monotone dynamics, we identify the set of vehicular demand profiles that satisfy a specification that congestion be intermittent.
Quick analysis of multi-benzene series and halohydrocarbon in water by GC-FID coupled to purge and trap technology

Objective:To simultaneously separate and analyze multi-benzene series and halohydrocarbon in water.Methods:Optimizing the parameters of purge and trap-gas chromatograph(PT-GC),separated by capillary column(Rtx-225 30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm),detected by hydrogen flame ionization detector(FID).Results:Established method was used to determine seven benzene series(Benzene,Toluene,ethylbenzene,o.m.p-Xylene and styrene) and six halohydrocarbon(cholroethylene,1,1-dichloroethylene,trichloroethylene,tetrachloroethylene,chlorobenzene and hexachloro-1,3-butadiene) in water,which were feasible.The linearity range of method reaches two orders of magnitude(r0.999),the detection limits were than 0.15～0.30 μg/L,the recovery is between the range of 91%～105% and RSD 3.0%～5.5%.Conclusion:The method is applied to separation and determination of multi-benzene series and halohydrocarbon in the process of regular water quality investigation,convenient operation,save time,and the low detection limits satisfy the indices requirement of standards for water quality,better repeatability,and obtained content results.
Statistical analysis of typhoon landing and impacting Fuding area of Fujian Province during 1948-2007

Fuding of Fujian Province suffered 16 landing typhoons during the past 60 years from 1948 to 2007.Most of the landing typhoons originated from northwest Pacific at east of Philippine,with northwest path as the main track.On the average,3 typhoons every year landed or impacted Fuding areas during the past 60 years,with a relatively big interannual change and slight upward trend.Most of the impacting typhoons mainly occurred in July to September,showing a normal distribution with August as the centre.
Root growth potential, water relations and carbohydrate status of ash alternative species following pre-plant storage

Abstract The catastrophic loss of ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in the midwestern United States due to emerald ash borer has emphasized the need for greater diversity in urban and community forests. However, the availability of some important Fraxinus alternative species may be limited due to difficulties in nursery production. We conducted two trials to examine growth and physiological responses of bare-root tree liners to pre-plant storage and handling. In both trials, bare-root liners were given one of four treatments for three weeks prior to planting: 1) control, 2) cold storage (4 °C), 3) sweating (warm, moist storage), or 4) heeled-in (outdoor storage). Subjecting trees to a warm, moist environment before planting (sweating) increased shoot dieback of Celtic occidentalis trees. Root growth potential was very low for Quercus spp. trees and varied by treatment for Celtis occidentalis trees. Taxodium distichum trees had a relatively high root growth potential in all treatments. Stem water potential measured immediately before and after pre-plant treatments indicated that Quercus spp. trees and T. distichum trees were able to rehydrate during sweating while water stress in C. occidentalis trees remained high (stem water potential
Patch graft urethroplasty for urethral stricture disease.

AbstractThe results with 34 cases of patch graft urethroplasties for urethral stricture disease were compared to the results in other series and found to be significantly worse. Various factors that might have influenced the surgical results were analyzed. Patients dilated least frequently had the best results.
The disposition and pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole in the rat

The disposition, biliary excretion, and pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole in Sprague-Dawley rats were determined after intravenous administration. Greater than 80% of the radioactivity after a 5 mg/kg iv dose of 3H-ketoconazole was excreted in the feces. Urinary excretion was essentially complete after 48 hr; however, fecal excretion was prolonged over a 7-day period. Biliary excretion of radioactivity averaged 54.3 +/- 18.0% of the dose over a 7.5-8-hr period in pentobarbital-anesthesized rats. The possibility of enterohepatic recirculation was examined using a linked rat technique. Less than 2% of the radioactivity was found in the recipient bile over 9-12 hr. In eight male rats, the plasma pharmacokinetics of ketoconazole, as determined by an HPLC assay with fluorescence detection, were as follows: VD = 655 +/- 91 ml/kg, Cl = 14.4 +/- 5.1 ml/min/kg, and t 1/2 = 35.0 +/- 12.3 min. Three of the rats were given an additional oral dose to determine absolute bioavailability. The time to peak was 30-60 min, and the bioavailability was 35.8 +/- 3.55%. Previous studies have indicated that ketoconazole is well absorbed in rats; therefore, the poor bioavailability is probably due to first pass metabolism. The prolonged fecal excretion of radioactivity from an intravenous dose was probably caused by slow elimination of ketoconazole metabolites.
Flicker Regularity Is Crucial for Entrainment of Alpha Oscillations

Previous studies have shown that alpha oscillations (8-13 Hz) in human electroencephalogram (EEG) modulate perception via phase-dependent inhibition. If entrained to an external driving force, inhibition maxima and minima of the oscillation appear more distinct in time and make potential phase-dependent perception predictable. There is an ongoing debate about whether visual stimulation is suitable to entrain alpha oscillations. On the one hand, it has been argued that a series of light flashes results in transient event-related responses (ERPs) superimposed on the ongoing EEG. On the other hand, it has been demonstrated that alpha oscillations become entrained to a series of light flashes if they are presented at a certain temporal regularity. This raises the question under which circumstances a sequence of light flashes causes entrainment, i.e. whether an arrhythmic stream of light flashes would also result in entrainment. Here, we measured detection rates in response to visual targets at two opposing stimulation phases during rhythmic and arrhythmic light stimulation. We introduce a new measure called ‘behavioral modulation depth’ to determine differences in perception. This measure is capable of correcting for inevitable artifacts that occur in visual detection tasks during visual stimulation. The physical concept of entrainment predicts that increased stimulation intensity should produce stronger entrainment. Thus, two experiments with medium (Experiment 1) and high (Experiment 2) stimulation intensity were performed. Data from the first experiment show that the behavioral modulation depth (alpha phase-dependent differences in detection threshold) increases with increasing entrainment of alpha oscillations. Furthermore, individual alpha phase delays of entrained alpha oscillations determine the behavioral modulation depth: the largest behavioral modulation depth can be found if targets presented during the minimum of the entrained oscillation are compared to those presented during the maximum. In the second experiment stimulation with higher light intensity during both rhythmic and arrhythmic stimulation lead to an increased behavioral modulation depth, supposedly as a consequence of stronger entrainment during rhythmic stimulation. Altogether, our results reveal evidence for rhythmic and arrhythmic visual stimulation to induce fundamentally different processes in the brain: we suggest that rhythmic but not arrhythmic stimulation interacts with ongoing alpha oscillations
Step-by-Step Guide to Depositing Parylene

In this chapter we will present a step-by-step procedure that one would use to deposit parylene using a typical deposition system. The steps for your deposition will most likely deviate from these but they are not meant to be followed exactly but more to give the general understanding of the process of parylene deposition.
Hemingway in the Soča vally

Hemingway is a very popular writer in Slovenia. One of my students in Ljubljana pointed out a very well known passage lin A Farewell to Arms about two refugee girls Frederic Henry and his driver, Aymo, pick up in Gorizia (Gorica) during the retreat from Caporetto (Kobarid). What interested many of my students about the episode was that the two girls seem to speak a dialect that neither Aymo, who is Italian, nor Frederic, who is fluent in Italian,' understands. My students belived that these girls are speaking Slovenian. The only Italian they seem to understand are the words in Italian for sexual intercourse, which makes them very upset, and virgin and sister, which calm them down. It is very likely that two Slovenian girls would know a little Italian, particularly if they came from Gorizia, which at the time of the first world war was predominantly Slovene.
Efficiency Improvements for Parallel Subgraph Miners

Algorithms for finding frequent and/or interesting subgraphs in a single large graph scenario are computationally intensive because of the graph isomorphism and the subgraph isomorphism problem. These problems are compounded by the size of most real-world datasets which have sizes in the order of 105 or 106. The SUBDUE algorithm developed by Cook and Holder finds the most compressing subgraph in a large graph. In order to perform the same task on real-world data sets efficiently, Cook et al. developed a parallel approach to SUBDUE called the SP-SUBDUE based on the MPI framework. This paper extends the work done by Cook et al. to improve the efficiency of MPI SUBDUE by modifying the evaluation phase. Our experiments show an improvement in speed-up while retaining the quality of the results of serial SUBDUE. The techniques that we have used in this study can also be used in similar algorithms which use static partitioning of the data and re-evaluation of locally interesting patterns over all the nodes of the cluster.
Exploring Hardware Heterogeneity to Improve Pervasive Context Inferences

Context-aware inference apps have become pervasive as a result of the Internet of Things (IoT). However, most of these apps run continuously on a single device, resulting in limited sensor coverage and high energy consumption. Recent advances in IoT devices, specifically hardware heterogeneity, can be leveraged to improve the accuracy and energy efficiency of context inferences.
Pyridoxine deficiency after solid organ transplant

Objective:Pyridoxine is 1 of 8 B vitamins that assist in a variety of essential functions including immune functions. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk factors associated with low py...
Pediatric Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Long-Term Results and Effects on Renal Growth

The Domier HM3 lithotripter was used to treat 55 stone events in 44 pediatric patients. The mean patient age at treatment was 11.3 years, with the youngest patient being 13 months of age. Sixty-two extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL§) treatments were necessary for the 55 stone events at a mean of 1,186 shock waves (range, 250 to 2,100) at 19.6 kV (range, 16 to 26 kV). Follow-up was available for 95% of the treated stone events; 79% were stone free at three months, and 83% eventually became stone free. Risk factors for retained fragments in the pediatric population appear to be similar to those for adults. Renal growth of 14 treated renal units in 12 patients has been unimpaired after ESWL treatment.
Never, non-daily, and daily smoking status and progression to daily cigarette smoking as correlates of major depressive episode in a national sample of youth: Results from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health 2013 to 2015

Abstract Background Cigarette smoking is associated with depression, and new initiates who progress more quickly to daily smoking may be at enhanced risk. In a nationally representative sample of youth, this study examined the association between daily, non-daily, and never smoking with past-year and lifetime major depressive episode (MDE) and, among daily smokers, whether faster progression to daily smoking was associated with increased MDE risk. Methods Data were from n = 44,921 youth aged 12–17 in the 2013–2015 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. Weighted adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to examine the association of smoking status (daily, non-daily, never) with lifetime and past-year MDE, and the association between progression from cigarette trial to daily smoking with MDE outcomes among daily smokers. Results Daily and non-daily smokers had similar rates of lifetime and past-year MDE; rates of MDE were approximately 50% lower among never smokers. Compared to never smokers, adjusted models showed that non-daily smokers had a higher risk of past-year and lifetime MDE, while daily smokers had a higher risk of past-year but not lifetime MDE. Daily smoking youth who progressed more quickly from cigarette trial to daily use had an increased risk of both lifetime and past-year MDE. Conclusions Prevention programs should target factors associated with the shift from cigarette experimentation to regular use to curb deleterious consequences of use.
Compliance with NCCN screening and chemoprevention recommendations among carriers of deleterious mutations in the adenomatous polyposis coli gene.

571Background: Deleterious mutations in adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) lead to familial adenomatous polyposis [FAP] and attenuated FAP (aFAP) syndromes associated with hereditary colorectal ...
A vibration-assisted method to reduce separation force for stereolithography

Abstract Current stereolithography (SL) technology can print layer-based three-dimensional (3D) objects with high precision and fast speed. However, for a constrained surface based top-down or bottom-up SL process, it will be very difficult to separate the building layers from the constrained glass due to the near vacuum environment between the built layer and the constrained glass. The separation force will significantly increase when the contact area increases. Current existing methods to address this problem include tilting the vat, sliding the vat, and adopting the oxygen permeable membrane. However, the construction complexity and cost of the building systems will increase significantly with the increase of the maximum area that the system can build using the existing methods. In this paper, a novel separation method for the SL process utilizing a vibration-assisted glass is presented. A pair of general loudspeakers were used to provide a low frequency vibration for the constrained glass used in the SL process. Two force sensors are used to measure the separation force in real time. Controlled experiments have been implemented and the corresponding data was collected and analyzed. The analyzed results have demonstrated that the proposed method can significantly reduce the separation force for the SL process. Two test cases are presented to show the effectiveness of the presented vibration-assisted SL process.
Elements of next-generation, non-WIMP user interfaces

I w il l su rv e y s o m e o f th e q u a lit ie s I se e as lik e ly to c h a ra c te r iz e th e n e x t g e n e ra t io n o f e m e rg in g “ n o n -W IM P ” u se r in te r fa c e s . R a th e r th a n try in g to p re d ic t sp e c if ic fu tu re u se r in te r fa c e s , I a m se e k in g to a b s tra c t a c ro ss a ra n g e o f th e se in te r fa c e s to f in d g e n e ra l p ro p e r tie s th a t th e y w ill sh a re , p a r tic u la r ly th o se lik e ly to a f fe c t h o w w e b u ild u se r in te r fa c e s o f tw a re in th e fu tu re — sp e c if ic a lly : c o n tin u o u s in p u t an d o u tp u t, m e rg e d w ith d is c re te in te ra c t io n ; p a ra lle l in te ra c t io n a c ro s s m u lt ip le m o d e s ; n a tu ra l o r “ re a li ty -b a se d ” in te ra c tio n , p a r tic u la r ly in c lu d in g v ir tu a l re a li ty a n d .ta n g ib le m e d ia ; n a tu ra l in te ra c t io n a u g m e n te d b y a r tific ia l e x te n s io n s ; a n d l ig h tw e ig h t, n o n -c o m m a n d , p a s s iv e in te ra c tio n s , g le a n in g in p u ts f ro m c o n te x t a n d f ro m p h y s io lo g ic a l o r b e h a v io ra l m e a su re s . I w ill a ls o d e s c r ib e m y e x p e r im e n ta l w o rk o n new in te ra c t io n te c h n iq u e s fo r e y e m o v e m e n t-b a se d in te ra c t io n , l ig h tw e ig h t te c h n iq u e s fo r b ro w s in g in a d ig ita l lib ra ry , an d ta n g ib le u s e r in te r fa c e s , a s e x a m p le s o f so m e o f th e se c h a ra c te r is tic s . F in a lly , w h ile new , m o re p o w e rfu l in te ra c tio n te c h n iq u e s a n d m o d e s c a n m a k e in te r fa c e s e a s ie r to le a rn a n d u se , th e y a re b e c o m in g m o re d if f ic u lt to d e s c r ib e an d b u ild . I w ill d is c u s s m y w o rk o n d e v e lo p in g n ew so ftw a re m o d e ls a n d a b s tra c t io n s fo r sp e c ify in g a n d im p le m e n tin g n o n -W IM P in te r fa c e s , a im e d a t th e p ro b le m s ra ise d by c o n tin u o u s a n d p a ra lle l in te ra c t io n .
Privacy Protection in a Video Surveillance System

This chapter presents mechanisms for privacy protection in a distributed, multicamera surveillance system. The design choices and alternatives for providing privacy protection while delivering meaningful surveillance data for security and retail environments are described, followed by performance metrics to evaluate theeffectiveness of privacy protection measures and experiments to evaluate these in retail store video. This chapter concludes with a discussion including five principles for data presentation of privacy protection systems.
Metadata-Based Feature Aggregation Network for Face Recognition

This paper presents a novel approach to feature aggregation for template/set based face recognition by incorporating metadata regarding face images to evaluate the representativeness of a feature in the template. We propose using orthogonal data like yaw, pitch, face size, etc. to augment the capacity of deep neural networks to find stronger correlations between the relative quality of the face image in the set with the match performance. The approach presented employs a siamese architecture for training on features and metadata generated using other state-of-the-art CNNs and learns an effective feature fusion strategy for producing optimal face verification performance. We obtain substantial improvements in TAR of over 1.5% at 10^-4 FAR as compared to traditional pooling approaches and illustrate the efficacy of the quality assessment made by the network on the two challenging datasets IJB-A and IARPA Janus CS4.
Putrescine — α-Ketoglutarate transaminase in E. coli

Abstract A mutant of E . coli B was obtained which can grow on putrescine as the sole C and N source. This mutant converts putrescine to succinate via γ-aminobutyraldehyde, γ-aminobutyrate and succinic semialdehyde in similar manner as found in Pseudomonas fluorescens . The first reaction, however, was not catalyzed by a diamine oxidase, but by a transaminase which is constitutive in this strain of E . coli .
Structure and functional expression of cloned human liver MAO A and B

Monoamine oxidases (MAOs) play a vital role in the metabolism of biogenic amines. MAO A prefers serotonin as substrate whereas MAO B prefers phenyl ethyl amine as substrate. Using oligonucleotide probes derived from three sequenced peptide fragments, we have isolated cDNA clones that encode one subunit of the A and B forms of MAO. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences shows that there are~70% identity between them, and they appear to be derived from separate genes. Further, these cDNAs have been transfected and expressed in mammalian cells. The expressed proteins exhibit substrate and inhibitor specificities similar to that of the endogenous enzymes. These results suggest that the functional differences between these two forms of the enzyme reside in their primary structures and that a single polypeptide of MAO A (or B), existing as either a monomer or homodimer is catalytically active.
Biocompatibility and Hardness of Ti-Hf and Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Orthopedics

Every year, about 300,000 total hip replacement (THR) surgeries are performed in the United States.The typical lifespan of an implant ranges between 10 and 20 years, with implant failures largely due to materials issues such as biocompatibility, wear, corrosion, and premature stress failures.The objective of this research is to examine the feasibility of using a new class of materials, namely Ti-Hf alloys and low friction diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings, for improving the performance of orthopedic devices.Biocompatibility and hardness tests were performed, which showed Hf did not adversely affect the biocompatibility of Ti and that the DLC coating did not adversely affect the biocompatibility of the Ti-Hf alloy.Furthermore, the biocompatibility of the Ti-Hf alloy was comparable to that of Ti-6Al-4V.The research was done as a collaborative effort between the College of Engineering and the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Wisconsin – Madison and NASA Glenn, Cleveland, OH.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Fresh Ground Meats Obtained from Retail Grocery Stores in the Brookings, South Dakota, Area

Salmonella is one of the most common foodborne pathogens found in retail fresh meat products. The purpose of this study was to characterize the Salmonella that is found in common types of fresh ground meats available to consumers in grocery stores in the Brookings, South Dakota, area. Salmonella serotypes were detected in 50 (19%) of 261 retail fresh ground meat samples, with 2 (2%) of 115 ground turkey samples, 6 (14%) of 42 chicken samples, and 42 (40%) of 104 ground pork samples testing positive for Salmonella. The Salmonella isolates were sequenced using an Illumina MiSeq genome sequencer. The resulting genomic sequences were analyzed to determine the serotypes of the isolates and to detect the presence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. The Salmonella isolated from the ground meats belonged to 23 different serotypes. The predominant serotype isolated from ground chicken was Enteriditis (5 of 6, 83%). Among the ground pork isolates, the most common serotypes were the potential monophasic variant of Typhimurium (5 of 42, 12%), Uganda (5 of 42, 12%), Anatum (4 of 42, 10%), Derby (3 of 42, 7%), Infantis (3 of 42, 7%), and London (3 of 42, 7%). Among the 45 Salmonella isolates tested to determine their resistance to common veterinary antibiotics, 25 (56%) were found to be susceptible to all 14 antibiotics tested, 11 (24%) were resistant to 1 antibiotic, 4 (9%) were resistant to 2 antibiotics, 1 (2%) was resistant to 3 antibiotics, 2 (4%) were resistant to 4 antibiotics, 1 (2%) was resistant to 8 antibiotics, and 1 (2%) was resistant to 10 antibiotics. The most common antibiotic resistances observed in this study were to streptomycin (15 of 45, 33%), tetracycline (11 of 45, 24%), and sulfisoxazole (7 of 45, 16%). The results of phenotypic evaluation of antibiotic resistance profiles of Salmonella isolates correlated well with the antibiotic resistance genes detected in the genomic sequences of the isolates.
Gasified Rice Hull Biochar Affects Nutrition and Growth of Horticultural Crops in Container Substrates

Phosphate fertilizers used in the production of greenhouse crops can be problematic if released into the environment. Furthermore, the price of phosphate is increasing as demand increases and world supplies decrease. The objective of this research was to determine if gasified rice hull biochar (GRHB), inherently high in phosphorus concentration, could be used as an amendment to greenhouse substrates to eliminate the need for phosphorus fertilizer application. Geranium (Pelargonium xhortorum ‘Maverick Red’), pansy (Viola xwittrockiana ‘Mammoth Blue Deep Dazzle’), sunflower (Helianthus annus ‘Pacino Gold’), zinnia (Zinnia elegans ‘Oklahoma White’), and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum ‘Mega Bite’) were grown in a standard commercial soilless medium composed of 85 : 15 sphagnum peat moss : perlite (v:v) and amended volumetrically with 0, 5, or 10% GRHB (v/v). A group of plants labeled as NPK-fertilized controls were fertilized with 7.1 mM N, 0.7 mM P, and 1.4 mM K derived from ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) and potassium phosphate (K2HPO4). Other treatments received 0, 5, or 10% GRHB and fertilized with 7.1 mM N using NH4NO3. Gasified rice hull biochar had little effect on substrate pH over the course of the experiment. While pH was higher with 10% GRHB than NPK30 fertilized controls by 6 weeks after potting (WAP), the difference was only 0.19 pH units. The GRHB used in this study is an excellent source of readily available phosphate when incorporated at 5% or 10%. However, P is readily leached from containers and lacking in substrate solution concentration by 4 WAP when containers are irrigated and leached in a manner similar to this experiment. While the five crops grown in this study were of similar size and lacked any signs of nutrient deficiency when amended with GRHB, foliar concentrations of P were low when their only source was from pre-incorporated GRHB. Gasified rice hull biochar has potential to be used as a 36 P source in floriculture crop production, however, leaching of the substrate must be minimized to prevent P loss.
Standardization of Postcranial Nonmetric Traits and Their Utility in Ancestry Analysis

Throughout the forensic anthropology and archaeology disciplines, postcranial nonmetric traits have varied in name, descriptions, and scoring methodology. This research focuses on synthesizing the literature to select the most prevalent traits, standardize their definitions, and create corresponding line drawings for each trait. By defining and illustrating each trait and its different states, a novel visual approach for scoring a suite of 11 postcranial nonmetric traits was created. Data collection allowed for the calculation of frequency distributions for ancestry comparison. Results indicate that four traits have statistically significant differences between two groups, American Blacks and American Whites, when using the Bonferroni adjusted p-value of 0.0045. These traits include spinous process bifurcation of the C3 and C4 vertebrae, the septal aperture, the third trochanter, and the anterior and middle calcaneal facets. While the frequencies and the chi-square results of these traits are not enough to be used in isolation, this analysis of a nonmetric postcranial trait list identifies the necessity for further research into these traits and their associations with ancestry estimation.
The Oversocialized Founder? Impact of Founder’s Coinventor Network on New Venture Knowledge Creation

This research examines the ways in which pre-existing network ties of technical founders with their coinventors impacts knowledge creation in new ventures. Using a sample of 869 firms across four i...
The life of Plasmodium: an overview.

Historical records, some >3,000 years old, attest to the antiquity of the disease malaria. Using a light microscope, Alphonse Laveran noticed some crescent-shaped bodies among the red blood cells that were almost entirely transparent, save for some pigment inclusions. He recognized that these bodies were alive, and that he was looking at an animal parasite, not a bacterium or a fungus. Subsequently, he examined blood samples from 192 malaria patients: in 148 of these, he found the telltale crescents. Where there were no crescents, there were no symptoms of malaria. He named the parasite Oscillaria malariae and communicated his findings to the Societe Medicale des Hopitaux on 24 December 1880. Although malaria can be induced in a host by the introduction of parasites (called sporozoites) through the bite of an infectious female mosquito, the parasites do not immediately appear in the blood. This was surprising in view of the fact that in 1903 Fritz Schaudinn claimed to have seen sporozoites directly invade erythrocytes. All human malarial agents (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, and Plasmodium malariae) are transmitted through the bite of an infected female anopheline mosquito when she injects sporozoites from her salivary glands during blood feeding. Investigations at the molecular level of enzyme structure, gene sequences, chromosomal arrangements, and transcriptional control will permit an uncovering of the adhesive molecules that mediate cell-cell interactions, determine the mechanisms of protein trafficking, and identify putative drug targets and vaccine candidates.
SPECIAL ISSUE: URBAN GEOGRAPHY IN THE 1960s

(2001). SPECIAL ISSUE: URBAN GEOGRAPHY IN THE 1960s. Urban Geography: Vol. 22, Urban Geography in the 1960s, pp. 511-513.
Surface coverage effects on water gas shift activity of ZrO2 supported Mo sulfide catalysts

Abstract ZrO2-supported Mo sulfide water gas shift (WGS) catalysts were prepared by the incipient wetness impregnation method with varying MoO3 surface coverage. TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and XPS characterization revealed the formation of a topmost Mo-S layer and Mo-O subsurface in the ZrO2-supported Mo sulfide catalysts above MoO3 monolayer surface coverage. The CO conversion during WGS reaction over the ZrO2-supported Mo sulfide catalysts increased with Mo content up to the monolayer coverage and correlated with the extent of Mo sulfidation.
Characterization of scaled MANOS nonvolatile semiconductor memory (NVSM) devices

In this paper, the authors have fabricated MANOS NVSM devices with high-k Al2O3 as the blocking oxide, which demonstrate good speed, 10-year retention, and endurance performance for future low voltage operation and improved NVSM array efficiency.
The future of fintech

This article describes the growing field of financial technology (fintech) and the different financial paradigms and technologies that support it. Fintech is primarily a disintermediation force where disruptive technologies are the drivers. This framework discusses 10 primary areas in fintech comprising a taxonomy, which categorizes research in the field and also proposes a pedagogical structure. Pitfalls of fintech are also analyzed. Overall, the great strides made in computing technology, mathematics, statistics, psychology, econometrics, linguistics, cryptography, big data, and computer interfaces have combined to create an explosion of fintechs.
Participation and Performance of Dermatologists in the 2017 Merit-Based Incentive Payment System

This cross-sectional study explores participation in the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System by dermatologists, including those who would benefit from resources to enhance engagement and performance.
The Cost-Effectiveness Implications of Carbon Price Certainty

While a firm knows the carbon price with certainty under a tax, it must form an expectation about future allowance prices to identify its cost-effective abatement investment under a cap-and-trade program. We illustrate graphically how errors in forming this expectation increase the costs of irreversible pollution abatement investment under cap-and-trade relative to a tax. We describe empirical "cost-effectiveness anomalies" in allowance markets that may be attributed to cap-and-trade's inherent uncertainty. We model investment under simulated US carbon tax and cap-and-trade policies and find that allowance price uncertainty can increase resource costs 20 percent for a given quantity of emission abatement.
Towards In-Flight Transfer of Payloads Between Multirotors

Multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UASs) are often used to transport a variety of payloads. However, the maximum time that the cargo can remain airborne is limited by the flight endurance of the UAS. In this letter, we present a novel approach for two multirotors to transfer a payload between them in-air, while keeping the payload aloft and stationary. Our framework is built on a visual-feedback and grasping pipeline that enables one UAS to grasp the payload held by another, thereby allowing the UASs to act as swappable carriers. By connecting the payload outwards along a single rigid link, and allowing the UASs to maneuver about it, we let the payload remain online while it is transferred to a different carrier. Furthermore, building entirely on monocular vision, the approach does not rely on precise extrinsic localization systems. We demonstrate our proposed strategy in a variety of indoor and GPS-free outdoor experiments, and explore the range of operating limits for our system.
Nondestructive Evaluation and Characterization of Complex Composite Structures

Because of the variety of materials used and the nature of manufacturing processes it is often very difficult to effectively inspect and characterize complex composite structures. While no single NDE technology might be expected to totally provide the necessary information, we have found that microwave NDE can address and answer most inspection and characterization needs. This paper describes a series of tests that have been performed on a variety of thick, complex composite structures. The measurements were performed to assess the efficacy of this method when looking for typical flaws and defects found in this type of material. These include: delaminations between plies, resin rich and resin poor areas, porosity, inclusions, contact and correct filling between laminate and adhesive, thickness of adhesive, correct placement of components and assemblies, impact damage, etc. Special attention was placed on areas where there are significant changes in the types of materials used (transition areas) and variations in the thickness and/or geometry of the structure being inspected. Microwave results will be compared with ultrasonic and x-ray radiography.
Changes in Self- and Informant-Reported Frontal Behaviors in Parkinson's Disease: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective:Frontal behaviors (i.e., executive dysfunction, disinhibition, apathy) are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, it is unclear if patient and informant reports of patient frontal b...
Party frequency, party-safety strategies, and sexual victimization among first-year female college students.

This study examined whether the use of party-safety strategies weakens the association between frequency of party attendance and sexual victimization among first-year female college students. Parti...
Abstract 17074: Methadone Potently Blocks Cardiac IK1 Leading to Membrane Instability

Introduction: Methadone is the second most frequently reported cause of drug-induced cardiac arrest in pharmacovigilance databases, yet the mechanism of its pro-arrhythmia is unclear. Methadone-ind...
Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Developmental Outcomes for Head Start Eligible Low Income Children

This study examined the effects of adverse childhood experiences (ACE)s on Head Start eligible low-income children’s developmental outcomes based on the Head Start Impact Study data (n = 4442). The...
Lack of association of HLA with thyroid cancer. An effect of iodine sufficiency and safe environment

We examined HLA association with differentiated thyroid carcinoma in 45 patients from Newfoundland. No association was found. This finding contrasts with the description of an association of thyroid cancer with HLA-DR1 in Italy and Hungary (iodide deficient areas) and with DR7 in the American mid-west. We suggest that iodide deficiency predisposes DR1 + individuals to thyroid cancer and that this risk is negated by iodide sufficiency unless some other risk factor supervenes.
Intermediate Stiffeners for Thin-Walled Members

An effective width approach is presented for predicting ultimate strengths of thin-walled compression elements with intermediate stiffeners. The study is limited to intermediately stiffened assemblies in which the stiffener is located in the center of the stiffened plate and is of relatively small width compared to the plate. In conjunction with procedures for predicting ultimate strength, a requirement for adequate stiffener rigidity is given. Stiffener adequacy is assessed as that rigidity for which the ultimate strength of each component plate element, one on either side of the stiffener, equals that of an element of similar dimensions and material properties, but supported by webs at both longitudinal edges. Critical and post-critical behavior are studied analytically and experimentally; however, the stiffener requirement is developed based primarily on the experimental results. Simple formulations for assessing the performance of the stiffener and plate elements are presented.
Evolutionary Data Mining Approach to Creating Digital Logic

Abstract : A data mining based procedure for automated reverse engineering has been developed. The data mining algorithm for reverse engineering uses a genetic program (GP) as a data mining function. A genetic program is an algorithm based on the theory of evolution that automatically evolves populations of computer programs or mathematical expressions, eventually selecting one that is optimal in the sense it maximizes a measure of effectiveness, referred to as a fitness function. The system to be reverse engineered is typically a sensor. Design documents for the sensor are not available and conditions prevent the sensor from being taken apart. The sensor is used to create a database of input signals and output measurements. Rules about the likely design properties of the sensor are collected from experts. The rules are used to create a fitness function for the genetic program. Genetic program based data mining is then conducted. This procedure incorporates not only the experts? rules into the fitness function, but also the information in the database. The information extracted through this process is the internal design specifications of the sensor. Significant mathematical formalism and experimental results related to GP based data mining for reverse engineering will be provided.
Asymmetric emission-line regions with out-flowing mass in QSOs and the z/ab/ at least equal to z/em/ systems

A heuristic asymmetrical model for a quasar emission-line region, with material streaming out, is described. The physical parameters are essentially the same as those of static models; the geometry turns out to be the dominant factor in determining the emission line profiles. Calculations are carried out for a variety of parameterized flow models and for the Blumenthal and Mathews (1975) theoretical model of a radiatively driven flow. The emission-line profiles are insensitive to the details of the acceleration, the filling factor, and the ionization profile. Absorption is assumed to take place in stationary matter in the QSO's galaxy or associated group or cluster, so that z(ab) is identified with the cosmological redshift. Due to the flow, the emission-lines are shifted with respect to the absorption-lines; in cases of a flow directed towards the observer systems with z(ab) at least equal to z(em) result. The distribution of absorption redshifts is symmetric about z(em).
The Curious Case of the Secondary Market with Respect to Investor Protection

The primary mission of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission is to protect investors. However, current securities regulation clearly separates between public markets and private markets with respect to investor protection. While the federal securities laws impose strict and costly disclosure and anti-fraud requirements on issuers that offer their securities to the public, they exempt private offerings from such rigid regime. The liberal approach toward private offerings is based on the assumption that investors in private markets are sophisticated and thus can "fend for themselves". This Article explores the validity of such traditional dichotomy between the public market and the private market in a relatively new, organized secondary market for ownership interests in private companies with retail investor access (the "Secondary Market"). The Secondary Market provides investors and employees with an opportunity to sell their holdings even before the first exit event. It also allows greater flexibility in capital formation, which may enhance productivity and job growth. However, the Secondary Market raises serious problems with regard to investor protection. As this Article shows, the rise of the Secondary Market has revealed conspicuous cracks in the wall traditionally separating the public and the private markets and the two markets’ participants – the sophisticated investors versus the unsophisticated investors. This separation was undermined by the penetration of unsophisticated investors to the private market sphere and by the erosion of the assumptions regarding the ability of Secondary Market’s participants to fend for themselves. The Article suggests that the erosion of the sophistication presumption deems the classic dichotomy between the heavily regulated public market and the lightly regulated private market artificial. It calls for a reexamination of the current regulatory regime with respect to investor protection. Such reexamination is of particular importance in light of the new Jumpstart Our Business Startups (JOBS) Act that would enable private companies to stay private longer, and the Secondary Market to thrive.
ON BEHALF OF RIGHTS

Though responses to Stout's book, Democracy and Tradition, have touched on his discussion of rights, none has comprehensively examined his position on the subject. Having endorsed several objections Stout raises against some influential views on democracy and rights, this article proceeds to criticize Stout's description and theoretical account of the natural and human rights traditions. The central argument is that Stout cannot successfully both affirm the traditions and adhere to his account.
Is there a “July effect” for head and neck cancer surgery?

Objectives/Hypothesis A “July effect” of increased complications when new trainees begin residency has been reported widely by the media. We sought to determine the effect of admission month on in-hospital mortality, complications, length of hospitalization, and costs for patients undergoing head and neck cancer (HNCA) surgery. Study Design Retrospective cross-sectional study. Methods Discharge data from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample for 48,263 patients who underwent an ablative procedure for a malignant oral cavity, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, or oropharyngeal neoplasm in 2005 to 2008 were analyzed using cross-tabulations and multivariate regression modeling. Results There were 3,812 cases admitted in July (8%). July admission was significantly associated with Medicaid (RRR 1.40, P = 0.011) or self-pay payor status (RRR 1.40, P = 0.022), medium hospital bed size (RRR 1.63, P = 0.033) and large hospital bed size (RRR 1.73, P = 0.013). There was no association between July admission and other patient or hospital demographic characteristics. Major procedures and comorbidity were significantly associated with in-hospital death, surgical and medical complications, length of hospitalization, and costs, but no association was found for July admission, July through September discharge, or teaching hospital status and short-term morbidity or mortality. Teaching hospitals and large hospital bed size were predictors of increased length of hospitalization and costs; and private, for profit hospitals were additionally associated with increased costs. No interaction between July admission and teaching hospitals was found for any of the outcome variables studied. Conclusions These data do not support evidence of a “July effect” or an increase in morbidity or mortality at teaching hospitals providing HNCA surgical care. Level of Evidence 2c. Laryngoscope, 123:1889–1895, 2013
Classification of muscarinic responses in hippocampus in terms of receptor subtypes and second-messenger systems: electrophysiological studies in vitro

The hippocampal slice preparation was used to classify cholinergic effects in terms of muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1 or M2) and biochemical effector systems linked to these effects in CA1 pyramidal cells. Based on the action of the M1 antagonist pirenzepine and the M2 antagonist gallamine, the muscarinic-induced membrane depolarization and blockade of the afterhyperpolarization appear to result from activation of an M1 receptor, while the cholinergic depression of the EPSP and the blockade of a potassium current termed the M-current appears to involve the activation of an M2 receptor. All of the muscarinic actions could be observed in pertussis toxin-treated hippocampi, suggesting that a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein is not involved in these actions. Cholinergic agents that are weak agonists of phosphoinositide (PI) turnover are fully effective in all of the muscarinic actions except the blockade of the M-current on which they had little agonist activity and actually blocked the action of full agonists. These results strongly suggest that the blockade of the M-current may involve stimulation of PI turnover. In addition, we show that the blockade of the M-current is mimicked by intracellular application of inositol trisphosphate. Our results do not show any obvious relationship between the muscarinic receptor subtypes and the biochemical effector systems.
On-demand electrochemical release of DNA from gold surfaces.

Abstract Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) is used to probe the electrochemically triggered release of nucleic acids from gold surfaces to solutions of physiological pH. The immobilization of nonthiolated DNA onto the gold surface is followed by an electrostatic desorption at −1.0 V (vs. Ag/AgCl). Steady-state frequency signals, corresponding to the removal of 261- and 644-ng/cm 2 single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), respectively, were attained within 75 and 330 s. As expected for electrostatic repulsion, the amount released can be manipulated by tuning the potential. The small nonsteady-state frequency signals observed at lower potentials indicate promise for a sustained DNA release. Applicability to gold ultramicroelectrodes (12.5-μm radius) is demonstrated in connection with voltammetric blocking experiments. We expect that such on-demand electrochemical release would be a useful addition to the arsenal of nonviral gene delivery routes.