cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping among african-american, hispanic, and non-hispanic white women recently treated for early stage breast cancer

Relatively little is known about how members of minority groups cope with experiences such as diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer – in particular, whether coping patterns among minorities differ from that of the majority. This study adds to the existing knowledge base using a cross-sectional sample of middle-class African-American (n = 26), Hispanic (n = 59), and non-Hispanic White women (n = 151) who had been treated for early stage breast cancer in the past year. We tested for differences in coping responses per se and also for the possibility that coping would relate to distress differently in different groups. There were only two differences in coping (controlling for medical variables, education, and distress): compared to non-Hispanic White women, the other two groups both reported using humor-based coping less, and religion-based coping more. There was one difference in how coping related to distress: venting related more strongly to elevated distress among Hispanic than among non-Hispanics. D...
Assessment of Materials for Engaging Students in Statistical Discovery.

As part of an NSF funded project we developed new course materials for a general introductory statistics course designed to engage students in statistical discovery. The materials were designed to ...
Thermal Stress Failure of Ceramics under Repeated Rapid Heatings

A plasma jet thermal shock testing method was developed for evaluating the mechanical response of ceramics to repeated thermal shock heat up. The extent of damage involving changes in the populations of critical microstructural heterogeneities was characterized through statistical distributions of residual strengths. This thermal shock testing method was applied to silicon-based ceramics, including two grades of silicon nitride and a commercial silicon carbide. The thermal fatigue behavior was finally simulated using failure probability computations produced by the CERAM computer code for reliability analysis.
Antiarrhythmics After Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation (5A Study)

Background— Atrial arrhythmias are common early after atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. We hypothesized that empirical antiarrhythmic drug (AAD) therapy for 6 weeks after AF ablation would reduce the occurrence of atrial arrhythmias. Methods and Results— We randomized consecutive patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing ablation to empirical antiarrhythmic therapy (AAD group) or no antiarrhythmic therapy (no-AAD group) for the first 6 weeks after ablation. In the no-AAD group, only atrioventricular nodal blocking agents were prescribed. All patients wore a transtelephonic monitor for 4 weeks after discharge and were reevaluated at 6 weeks. The primary end point of the study was a composite of (1) atrial arrhythmias lasting more than 24 hours; (2) atrial arrhythmias associated with severe symptoms requiring hospital admission, cardioversion, or initiation/change of antiarrhythmic drug therapy; and (3) intolerance to antiarrhythmic agent requiring drug cessation. Of 110 enrolled patients (age 55±9 years, 71%...
Molecular and clinical correlations in fragile X syndrome

Since the advent of DNA testing after 1991, variations in molecular patterns, such as the CGG expansion length, mosaicism, partial methylation, and X-inactivation, have been correlated with the degree of phenotypic involvement in fragile X syndrome. Although some reports conflict it appears that a low CGG repeat number within the full mutation range or lack of methylation, whether almost complete or partial, is associated with only mild involvement in males. A subgroup of individuals with the premutation may also demonstrate mild problems associated with fragile X syndrome. This article reviews preliminary studies of FMRP expression and discusses a hypothesized correlation between FMRP expression and phenotypic involvement. Molecular and clinical correlations are advancing our understanding of the mild range of phenotypic involvement in fragile X syndrome, which involves learing disabilities and emotional difficulties, but not mental retardation. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Bohr Effect

The control of oxygen binding by hemoglobin (Hb) with pH is of profound importance in facilitating gas exchange in blood. This modulation, known as the Bohr effect, reflects the fact that protons are released upon Hb oxygena­ tion at physiological pH (the alkaline Bohr effect), and protons are taken up upon oxygenation at low pH (the acid or reversed Bohr effect). Reciprocally, changes in pH modulate oxygen affinity. These proton exchanges arise because conformational changes in the Hb associated with ligand binding at the heme result in pK changes in certain acid groups that are distant from the heme. Changes in proton binding also result from differential interaction of buffer ions with oxyand deoxy-Hb (3, 18). The binding of salt ions can be considered a special kind of Bohr effect (3). Resonance Raman spectroscopy shows that the iron-proximal histidine stretching motion is exquisitely sensi­ tive to amino acid substitutions distant from the heme (34). This review examines recent experiments to determine which groups are responsible for the Bohr effect and how these ligand-linked processes are modulated by other allosteric factors, e.g. buffer ions, organic phosphates, CO2, and chloride, all of which lower the oxygen affinity of Hb by preferential binding to deoxy-Hb. A central problem has been to determine the relative quantitative roles of different ionizable groups responsible for in the Bohr effect. What kinds and numbers of groups are involved? Attempts have been made to calculate pK values by using electrostatic theory. How do such electrostatic calculations compare with other methods for estimating the contributions of different groups?
The Role of Gasping in Resuscitation

Gasping is a physiologic entity that, among other conditions, is seen typically in mammals who have sustained a global ischemic insult such as sudden cardiac arrest or severe hemorrhagic shock [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13]. Scientists have defined a gasp formally in nomenclature consensus processes as “an abrupt, sudden, transient inspiratory effort” [13] and it has been described in the published literature since 1812 [11]. The classic gasping that occurs after sudden cardiac arrest is also sometimes referred to as “agonal breaths” or “agonal respirations” [1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9]. However, the term agonal breathing may also be used by some when referring to a broader variety of respiratory efforts or conditions [12, 14]. Agonal breathing may, therefore, refer to various kinds of abnormal breathing observed at the time of clinical death, during certain types of stroke, or in progressive respiratory failure when rapid breathing reverts to slower and often shallow breaths [6, 11, 12, 14]. Classic gasps, according to strict definition, however, are usually sudden, abrupt, and much brisker and larger than normal respiratory efforts [13].
Collaborative Data Compression Using Clustered Source Coding for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks

Data redundancy caused by correlation has motivated the application of collaborative multimedia in-network processing for data filtering and compression in wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). This paper proposes an information theoretic data compression framework with an objective to maximize the overall compression of the visual information gathered in a WMSN. To achieve this, an entropy-based divergence measure (EDM) scheme is proposed to predict the compression efficiency of performing joint coding on the images collected by spatially correlated cameras. The novelty of EDM relies on its independence of the specific image types and coding algorithms, thereby providing a generic mechanism for prior evaluation of compression under different coding solutions. Utilizing the predicted results from EDM, a distributed multi-cluster coding protocol (DMCP) is proposed to construct a compression-oriented coding hierarchy. The DMCP aims to partition the entire network into a set of coding clusters such that the global coding gain is maximized. Moreover, in order to enhance decoding reliability at data sink, the DMCP also guarantees that each sensor camera is covered by at least two different coding clusters. Experiments on H.264 standards show that the proposed EDM can effectively predict the joint coding efficiency from multiple sources. Further simulations demonstrate that the proposed compression framework can reduce 10% - 23% total coding rate compared with the individual coding scheme, i.e., each camera sensor compresses its own image independently.
Can being scared cause tummy aches? Naive theories, ambiguous evidence, and preschoolers' causal inferences

Causal learning requires integrating constraints provided by domain-specific theories with domain-general statistical learning. In order to investigate the interaction between these factors, the authors presented preschoolers with stories pitting their existing theories against statistical evidence. Each child heard 2 stories in which 2 candidate causes co-occurred with an effect. Evidence was presented in the form: AB → E; CA → E; AD → E; and so forth. In 1 story, all variables came from the same domain; in the other, the recurring candidate cause, A, came from a different domain (A was a psychological cause of a biological effect). After receiving this statistical evidence, children were asked to identify the cause of the effect on a new trial. Consistent with the predictions of a Bayesian model, all children were more likely to identify A as the cause within domains than across domains. Whereas 3.5-year-olds learned only from the within-domain evidence, 4- and 5-year-olds learned from the cross-domain evidence and were able to transfer their new expectations about psychosomatic causality to a novel task.
Hacia una teoría de la literatura de vanguardia en México

This essay, rather than presenting a theory of avant-garde art in Mexico, aims to bring some of the problems that its to literary studies. The first part shows a synthesis of the theories of the most widespread avant-garde art; in the second, a couple of meanings of “autonomy of art” are contrasted. In the third part the concepts of the previous sections take advantage to weigh its relevance when talking about literature of vanguard in Mexico. Rather than conclusions, what is being sought are the questions allowing you to configure further investigation.
Fiber-Multivitamin Combination Therapy: A Beneficial Influence on Low-Density Lipoprotein and Homocysteine

Proven effective alternative and adjunctive therapies for lipid lowering could be beneficial for patients with hyperlipidemia. We evaluated a 90% soluble fiber for its ability to alter lipid, lipoprotein, and homocysteine levels in the setting of coadministered folate and B vitamins. Patients (n 119) were randomized to either the fiber and vitamin combination, or placebo. Fasting lipid, glucose, and homocysteine concentrations, and body mass index (BMI) were obtained at baseline and weeks 4 and 8. Both between-group (Wilcoxon rank-sum test) and within-group (paired t test) comparisons were used to evaluate treatment effects. After 6 weeks of a diet therapy (National Cholesterol Education Program [NECP] Step I) run-in period, subjects in both groups had similar low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels (159 mg/dL v 158 mg/dL). The treated group showed a 7.1% 11.6% reduction by 4 weeks, which was maintained at 8 weeks (7.9% 11.0%). Placebo patients had a slight increase in LDL-C values over the same period (2.4% 11.7%), for a 10.3% difference between groups. The treatment effect was statistically significant both between groups (P < .001) and within the active-treatment group (P < .001) after the 8-week intervention. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) levels in a representative subset of the treated group (n 53) decreased by 20% (P .004). The fiber blend neither raised triacylglycerol (TG) (P .95) nor lowered high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P .54), and lowered homocysteine (active, 9.8 to 8.7/mol/L, P .02; placebo, 9.4 to 9.2 /mol/L, P .98). Thus, a significant LDL-C lowering effect, with parallel Apo B reduction, was demonstrated for this fiber/vitamin combination. No adverse changes on TG or HDL-C levels were noted, and folate/B vitamin benefits attributed to homocysteine reduction were preserved. Concurrent administration of fiber and vitamins represents a preventive approach that may reduce the need for concomitant lipid-lowering therapies or serve as an adjunct therapy.
Individual Differences in Susceptibility to False Memory in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott Paradigm.

The authors addressed whether individual differences in the working memory capacity (WMC) of young adults influence susceptibility to false memories for nonpresented critical words in the Deese–Roediger– McDermott associative list paradigm. The results of 2 experiments indicated that individuals with greater WMC recalled fewer critical words than individuals with reduced WMC when participants were forewarned about the tendency of associative lists (e.g., bed, rest, . . .) to elicit illusory memories for critical words (e.g., sleep). In contrast, both high and low WMC participants used repeated study–test trials to reduce recall of critical words. These findings suggest that individual differences in WMC influence cognitive control and the ability to actively maintain task goals in the face of interfering information or habit.
Efficient partitioning of fragment shaders for multiple-output hardware

Partitioning fragment shaders into multiple rendering passes is an effective technique for virtualizing shading resource limits in graphics hardware. The Recursive Dominator Split (RDS) algorithm is a polynomial-time algorithm for partitioning fragment shaders for real-time rendering that has been shown to generate efficient partitions. RDS does not, however, work for shaders with multiple outputs, and does not optimize for hardware with support for multiple render targets.We present Merging Recursive Dominator Split (MRDS), an extension of the RDS algorithm to shaders with arbitrary numbers of outputs which can efficiently utilize hardware support for multiple render targets, as well as a new cost metric for evaluating the quality of multipass partitions on modern consumer graphics hardware. We demonstrate that partitions generated by our algorithm execute more efficiently than those generated by RDS alone, and that our cost model is effective in predicting the relative performance of multipass partitions.
Evaluation of Corrugated HDPE Pipes Manufactured with Recycled Content underneath Railroads

Corrugated high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes are an attractive product for culvert and drainage applications in the railroad industry due to their resistance to corrosion and abrasion, long service life, and flexibility. Railroad specifications currently require these pipes to be manufactured with 100% virgin materials. However, due to the push for more sustainable and cost-effective engineering materials and practices, the railroad industry would benefit from using pipes made with recycled content provided their long-term performance was equivalent to pipes made with virgin materials. To evaluate the performance of corrugated HDPE pipes made with recycled content in rail applications, a pilot study was conducted with the Southeastern Pennsylvania Transit Authority (SEPTA). The study was funded cooperatively by SEPTA and the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Project 4-39. Two 30-inch diameter corrugated HDPE pipes, one manufactured with 100% virgin materials and one manufactured with post-consumer recycled content, were installed underneath a regional commuter rail line in northeast Philadelphia with 2 feet of cover from the top of the pipe to the bottom of the railroad tie. The pipes were instrumented with strain gages and extensometers to record live-load data and monitor the pipes over time. A laboratory study was also developed to assess the long-term durability of pipes made with recycled content with regards to cyclical live loads. The pipes have been in service for over 1 year and are performing as designed, with no change in performance since the date of installation. This was a groundbreaking study as it included the first corrugated HDPE pipe manufactured with post-consumer recycled content installed underneath one of SEPTA’s regional commuter lines. The research project is a key component of SEPTA’s ongoing sustainability initiatives.
A novel Xenopus SWS2, P434 visual pigment: structure, cellular location, and spectral analyses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to clone and characterize the green rod pigment in Xenopus laevis. Methods: The cDNA for the Xenopus “green rod” pigment was cloned and sequenced from Xenopus retina mRNA by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and the 5' end cloned by rapid amplification of the cDNA ends. The cellular localization of the Xenopus opsin was determined by immunolabeling of flat-mounted retinas using a specific antibody against this opsin. Spectral properties of the expressed protein were determined by absorption spectroscopy using recombinant pigment. Results: A novel Xenopus opsin cDNA containing a full-length coding region has been cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence predicts a protein of 362 amino acids, forming 7 hydrophobic helices. Sequence analysis indicates that it belongs firmly to the SWS2 class of visual pigments and has 89%, 80%, and 75% amino acid sequence identity with bullfrog, tiger salamander, and newt SWS2 pigments, respectively. Staining of Xenopus retina with a Xenopus SWS2 opsin-specific polyclonal antibody demonstrated that the SWS2 pigment is expressed in green rods. After expression in COS cells, reconstitution with 11- cis retinal, and purification, the SWS2 pigment exhibits an absolute absorption maximum of 434 nm Thus, the name “SWS2, P434” was assigned for this opsin. The pigment decays rapidly in hydroxylamine in the dark, unlike the red rod pigment, rhodopsin. Conclusions: A novel green rod opsin cDNA has been cloned and sequenced from the retina of adult Xenopus laevis, which encodes a protein belonging to the SWS2 group of opsins. The expressed opsin possesses cone-opsin-like properties although it was identified only in the Xenopus green rod cells.
Industrial Structure and Unemployment in Regional Labor Markets

Even during periods of moderated national joblessness, certain regions face stubbornly high unemployment. "Rust Belt" areas are often particularly affected and raise the question of whether such labor markets may not clear even in equilibrium. This article examines evidence from a panel data set of West Virginia counties, along with case-study surveys. The combined findings help provide a better understanding of persistent local unemployment, which appears to be due to nonclearing labor markets.
Thin Film Deposition Processes

Thin film materials pervade our everyday life as transparent conductors in LCD watches and computer displays and in defrosters for automobiles... antireflection coatings for camera lenses… optical fibers for communication … architectural glass coatings for both color and energy efficiency… solar cells… decorative coatings on plastics such as for toys and automobiles parts… a whole host of electronic and optoelectronic devices… hard coatings for cutting tools, drill bits, and bearings … even metallic coatings inside potato chip bags to keep the chips crisp!Without thin films our lifestyles would be drastically different. And this trend toward increased use of thin film technology will only continue.The varied reasons for using thin films and the specific deposition processes for preparing them are often complex; but usually relate to function, cost, beauty, materials and energy efficiency, and performance. In addition to technological applications, scientists are finding thin films to be an invaluable tool for investigating new physical phenomena, even at the quantum level. For instance, two of the most important new materials—high temperature ceramic superconductors and diamond coatings — are currently being made by several thin film deposition processes in order to explore both their scientific and technological potential.Just 25 years ago the variety of deposition processes for preparing thin films was quite limited. Thin film scientists and technologists had at their disposal electrodeposition, elementary chemical vapor deposition, evaporation, and dc sputtering. Commercial equipment for electron-beam evaporation, a mainstay in the optical coatings industry, was just being developed. Most of the deposition processes reviewed in this and next month's MRS BULLETIN were either not commercially available or were not even conceived of then.
Kinetics of Soot Oxidation by Molecular Oxygen in a Premixed Flame

In this study, a two-stage burner was used to determine kinetic parameters of soot oxidation by molecular oxygen. The two-stage burner technique produced soot particles from different fuels in the first burner and then oxidized the particles under either fuel lean or rich conditions in the secondary burner. Methyl decanoate/n-dodecane (surrogate for biodiesel/diesel) and n-butanol/n-dodecane (alcohol/diesel) were studied and compared with previous results using pure m-xylene, pure n-dodecane, and m-xylene/n-dodecane mixtures (surrogate for conventional jet fuel (JP-8)). Particle size distributions, determined using samples taken from the center line of the secondary burner and characterized by a scanning mobility particle sizer, were used to determine the experimental oxidation rates. The evolution of major gas-phase species was measured experimentally by an online GC, and kinetic modeling was used to predict the concentration of OH radicals. The results revealed two regions in the flame: (i) a region clo...
Anorectal manometry may identify children with spinal cord lesions

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE We previously showed that approximately 10% of patients with intractable constipation have spinal abnormalities without any other physical findings. Given that spinal magnetic resonance imaging is costly and often requires deep sedation in children, it would be useful to find a screening tool to determine who has a higher likelihood of having a spinal abnormality. The aim of the study was to determine whether anorectal manometry is a useful screening test in predicting which patients will have abnormal spinal MRIs. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a case-control study comparing the anorectal manometries of 10 children with constipation who had abnormal spinal MRIs (cases) to the manometries of 10 age-matched children with normal MRIs (controls). RESULTS The maximum relaxation of the sphincter after balloon distention was achieved with a significantly smaller balloon in the cases as compared with the controls (35 ± 20 vs 60 ± 23 mL; P = 0.02). The dose-response curve of sphincter relaxation at different balloon distention was shifted to the left in patients with spinal lesions. Anal spasms after balloon distention were noted in 60% of the patients with abnormal magnetic resonance images compared with 0% of the controls (P < 0.003). There were no other differences. CONCLUSIONS Patients with spinal cord abnormalities may show changes in anorectal manometry. Anal spasms on anorectal manometry are significant predictors of spinal abnormalities. Also, patients with spinal abnormalities have maximum sphincter relaxations with smaller balloon sizes. Further studies are needed to determine the utility of anorectal manometry as a screening test for spinal abnormalities in patients with constipation.
Evaluation of Select Surface Processing Techniques for In Situ Application During the Additive Manufacturing Build Process

Although additive manufacturing offers numerous performance advantages for different applications, it is not being used for critical applications due to uncertainties in structural integrity as a result of innate process variability and defects. To minimize uncertainty, the current approach relies on the concurrent utilization of process monitoring, post-processing, and non-destructive inspection in addition to an extensive material qualification process. This paper examines an alternative approach by evaluating the application of select surface process techniques, to include sliding severe plastic deformation (SPD) and fine particle shot peening, on direct metal laser sintering-produced AlSi10Mg materials. Each surface processing technique is compared to baseline as-built and post-processed samples as a proof of concept for surface enhancement. Initial results pairing sliding SPD with the manufacture’s recommended thermal stress relief cycle demonstrated uniform recrystallization of the microstructure, resulting in a more homogeneous distribution of strain among the microstructure than as-built or post-processed conditions. This result demonstrates the potential for the in situ application of various surface processing techniques during the layerwise direct metal laser sintering build process.
The Taxonomic Significance of Eye Pattern in Female Tabanidae (Diptera)

Eye patterns are illustrated for 86 of 92 species and varieties of Tabanidae known from Tennessee. Only female eye patterns are included. Figures show relative eye size, shape, presence or absence of pattern, and shape and position of pattern on the corneal surface. The absence of eye pattern among all individuals of five genera implies that the unicolorous condition is primitive. Genera which normally exhibit patterned eyes may have some unicolorous representatives in which the condition is thought to be secondarily derived. Seven of the 8 genera from Tennessee which exhibit patterned eyes may be separated by eye pattern alone. Possible phylogenetic relationships, based on eye pattern in conjunction with other characters, are presented for species of the genus Tabanus .
Capturing the Interpersonal Implications of Evolved Preferences? Frequency of Sex Shapes Automatic, but Not Explicit, Partner Evaluations:

A strong predisposition to engage in sexual intercourse likely evolved in humans because sex is crucial to reproduction. Given that meeting interpersonal preferences tends to promote positive relationship evaluations, sex within a relationship should be positively associated with relationship satisfaction. Nevertheless, prior research has been inconclusive in demonstrating such a link, with longitudinal and experimental studies showing no association between sexual frequency and relationship satisfaction. Crucially, though, all prior research has utilized explicit reports of satisfaction, which reflect deliberative processes that may override the more automatic implications of phylogenetically older evolved preferences. Accordingly, capturing the implications of sexual frequency for relationship evaluations may require implicit measurements that bypass deliberative reasoning. Consistent with this idea, one cross-sectional and one 3-year study of newlywed couples revealed a positive association between sexual frequency and automatic partner evaluations but not explicit satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of automatic measurements to understanding interpersonal relationships.
Nation-Wide Survey of Core Curricular Content in Physical Education for College Women

Abstract In this study 299 schools were surveyed to determine the number having a core curriculum and the various types of courses which were included. From the 198 respondents it was found that 75 schools had no core requirement while 123 have some type of core requirement. The study shows a marked trend toward an area, basic orientation course or specific activities requirement of all participants in the service program. In addition to a basic course, the requirements emphasize body mechanics, team sports, individual sports, swimming, and some form of dance.
Animal Models of Pulmonary Hypertension

Much of our knowledge of the pathophysiology for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), and our identification of effective interventions have been based on the availability of relevant and authentic animal models of disease. Each of the current and historical models of PAH have distinguishing features that capture different presentations or etiologies of PAH, with respect to their natural history, physiology, histopathology, and responsiveness to specific interventions. In this chapter we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of several of the most widely used or most influential model systems, and how their complementary features have been used to advance our understanding of disease mechanism and effective therapy.
Simplifying Wheelchair Mounted Robotic Arm Control with a Visual Interface.

Wheelchair mounted robotic arms can assist people that have severe physical handicaps with activities of daily life. Manufacturer-provided direct input devices may not correlate well to the user’s motor skills and may require a high level of cognitive awareness. Our goal is to provide methods for independent manipulation of objects in unstructured environments utilizing a wheelchair mounted robotic arm for manipulation. We hypothesized that users would prefer a simple visual instead of the default interface provided by the manufacturer and that with greater levels of autonomy, less user input is necessary for control. An experiment was designed and conducted to investigate these hypotheses.
Biochemical termination of sustained fibrillation occurring after artificially induced ischemic arrest.

A method of biochemical termination of persistent ventricular fibrillation is presented. The technique consists of re-cross-clamping the ascending aorta while the patient is still on cardiopulmonary bypass, infusing 37° C buffered potassium cardioplegic solution into the coronary system, and, after having achieved flaccid standstill, pacing the heart by the ventricular mode.
Physical activity in older adults in a combined functional circuit and walking program.

Abstract Our study examined the impact of a 16-week functional circuit/walking program on physical activity (PA) in older adults in independent-living facilities. Exploratory goals included examination of associations among self-efficacy, neighborhood and mobility. Participants ( N = 13) were female ( M = 77.8, SD = 7.44, range = 65–85 years). One third were African-American; the remainder Caucasian; 1/3 used assistive devices. PA increased from 70 min/week (SD = 35.51) at baseline to 81.31 min/week (SD = 34.21) at 16 weeks. PA was associated with self-efficacy for overcoming neighborhood and facility barriers to walking at all measurement points (baseline r = .73, p r = .68, p r = .58, p r = .66, p r = .58, p r = .70, p r = .72, p r = .76, p r = .71, p r = .80, p
The Power of Running on Empty: On the Road in Post-Soviet Cuba

This chapter expands on the issue of truncated mobility in Latin America and the difficulty of any self-propelled road trip in Cuban road movies. Unruh argues, however, that, far from paralyzing mobility, films such as Guantanamera (Tomas Gutierrez Alea and Juan Carlos Tabio, 1995), Lista de espera (Juan Carlos Tabio, 2000), Miel para Oshun (Humberto Solas, 2001), and Viva Cuba (Juan Carlos Cremata, 2005) reveal simultaneously conservative impulses—conserving resources and revolutionary values—and progressive or critical ones that question those cultural givens. Cuban road movies expose fissures in the revolutionary project: in the rhetoric of solidarity, hard work, and future fulfillment. But they also explore alternative or refashioned material and human energy sources as fixes for past mistakes and current ruptures.
Parallel tree building on a range of shared address space multiprocessors: algorithms and application performance

Irregular, particle-based applications that use trees, for example hierarchical N-body applications, are important consumers of multiprocessor cycles, and are argued to benefit greatly in programming ease from a coherent shared address space programming model. As more and more supercomputing platforms that can support different programming models become available to users, from tightly-coupled hardware-coherent machines to clusters of workstations or SMPs, to truly deliver on its ease of programming advantages to application users it is important that the shared address space model not only perform and scale well in the tightly-coupled case but also port well in performance across the range of platforms (as the message passing model can). For tree-based N-body applications, this is currently not true: while the actual computation of interactions ports well, the parallel tree building phase can become a severe bottleneck on coherent shared address space platforms, in particular on platforms with less aggressive, commodity-oriented communication architectures (even though it takes less 3 percent of the time in most sequential executions). The authors therefore investigate the performance of five parallel tree building methods in the context of a complete galaxy simulation on four very different platforms that support this programming model.
POTENTIAL SITES FOR LEARNING IN THE GASTROPOD CNS

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the potential sites for learning in the gastropod central nervous system. The search for suitable systems for the analysis of the cellular basis of learning has led several investigators to the neuronal machinery which controls feeding behavior in gastropod mollusks. This is due in part to the accessibility and re-identifiability of neurons that are responsible for sensory, interneuronal and motor output that controls the response. Furthermore, the central nervous elements that drive the behavior maintain functional integrity even when the nervous system is isolated. The experiments with buccal ganglion neurons of the gastropod mollusk Tritonia indicate that certain motor neurons exert powerful influences on the expression of the feeding motor output pattern. The pattern is turned on, off, reset, and its cycle frequency modulated by DC applied directly to motor neurons. It is suggested that the search for the sites of origin of learning in the molluskan feeding control system should clearly not be limited to sensory and premotor elements because multiple aspects of the pattern are readily modified at the level of the final common path.
Src42A required for collective border cell migration in vivo

The tyrosine kinase Src is over-expressed in numerous human cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. While Src has been extensively studied, its contributions to collective cell migration in vivo remain incompletely understood. Here we show that Src42A, but not Src64, is required for the specification and migration of the border cells in the Drosophila ovary, a well-developed and genetically tractable in vivo cell migration model. We found active Src42A enriched at border cell/nurse cell interfaces, where E-cadherin is less abundant, and depleted from border cell/border cell and border cell/polar cell junctions where E-cadherin is more stable, whereas total Src42A protein co-localizes with E-cadherin. Over-expression of wild type Src42A mislocalized Src activity and prevented border cell migration. Constitutively active or kinase dead forms of Src42A also impeded border cells. These findings establish border cells as a model for investigating the mechanisms of action of Src in cooperative, collective, cell-on-cell migration in vivo.
A Study of the Longitudinal Patterns of Stimulant and Amyl Nitrite Use and Sexual Behavior Pre- and Post-HIV Seroconversion Among MSM

The use of stimulant drugs alone or in combination with amyl nitrites (stimulant/nitrites) has been associated with higher rates of risky sexual behavior and predictive of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. However, the temporal pattern of stimulant/nitrite use pre- and post-seroconversion has not been well established. This study assessed changes in stimulant/nitrite use and risky sexual behavior among seroconverting MSM over time. Data were collected in the Baltimore-Washington, DC; Pittsburgh; Chicago; and Los Angeles sites of the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), a longitudinal study of the natural history of HIV infection among MSM. We used propensity scores to select 1044 MSM from 7087 MACS participants composed of 348 seroconverting, 348 seronegative, and 348 seroprevalent participants matched on demographics, recruitment cohort, and study visits. We centered up to four-years of semi-annual data around the seroconversion visit of the seroconverting case within each matched group of participants. Mixed effects regressions estimated the effects of serostatus, recruitment cohort, and time on self-reported stimulant/nitrite use, numbers of male intercourse partners, and numbers of unprotected receptive anal intercourse (URAI) partners. Covariates included demographics, binge drinking, and marijuana use. Seroconverters had the highest odds of stimulant/inhaled nitrite use (AOR 10.3, CI 4.8-22.0), incident rates of intercourse (IRR 1.6, CI 1.3-2.1), and URAI partners (IRR 5.1, CI 3.5-7.3). All participants decreased drug use and sexual risk behavior over time. However, the decreases were largest for seroconverters who nevertheless maintained the highest rates of stimulant/nitrite use and sexual risk. Cohort-related effects were associated with sharp reductions in stimulant/nitrite use and URAI in the early 1990s that rebounded considerably within the first decade of the 2000s. Although all participants decreased risky sexual behavior and stimulant and/or nitrite use over time, seroconverters had the largest decreases. There was no evidence for abrupt or substantial increases in drug use or risky sex post-seroconversion. However, there was substantial variation at the individual level, with the factors underlying this variation not well understood and worth further study. Moreover, stimulant/nitrite use and risky sexual behavior appear to have been strongly influenced by contextual historical and socio-cultural effects. The manner in which contextual factors influence individual behavior is also not well understood and also warrants further study.
Trends in Contemporary Holistic Nursing Research: 2010-2015.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe and summarize the characteristics of contemporary holistic nursing research (HNR) published nationally. Design: A descriptive research design was ...
Emergency Department Management of Pediatric Shock

Shock, a state of inadequate oxygen delivery to tissues resulting in anaerobic metabolism, lactate accumulation, and end-organ dysfunction, is common in children in emergency department. Shock can be divided into 4 categories: hypovolemic, distributive, cardiogenic, and obstructive. Early recognition of shock can be made with close attention to historical clues, physical examination and vital sign abnormalities. Early and aggressive treatment can prevent or reverse organ dysfunction and improve morbidity and mortality.
Improved Small Baseline processing by means of CAESAR eigen-interferograms decomposition

Abstract The Component extrAction and sElection SAR (CAESAR) is a method for the selection and filtering of scattering mechanisms recently proposed in the multibaseline interferometric SAR framework. Its strength is related to the possibility to select and extract multiple dominant scattering mechanisms, even interfering in the same pixel, since the stage of the interferograms generation, and to carry out a decorrelation noise phase filtering. Up to now, the validation of CAESAR has been addressed in the framework of SAR Tomography for the model-based detection of Persistent Scatterers (PSs). In this paper we investigate the effectiveness related to the use of CAESAR eigen-interferograms in classical multi-baseline DInSAR processing, based on the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) strategy, typically adopted to extract large scale distributed deformation and atmospheric phase screen. Such components are also exploited for the calibration of the full resolution data for PS or tomographic analysis. By using COSMO-SKyMed (CSK) SAR data, it is demonstrated that dominant scattering component filtering effectively improves the monitoring of distributed spatially decorrelated areas (f.i. bare soil, rocks, etc.) and allows bringing to light man-made structures with dominant backscattering characteristics embedded in highly temporally decorrelated scenario, as isolated asphalt roads and block of buildings in non-urban areas. Moreover it is shown that, thanks to the CAESAR multiple scattering components separation, the layover mitigation in low-topography eigen-interferograms relieves Phase Unwrapping (PhU) errors in urban areas due to abrupt height variations.
Effects of treatment of rats with 3,3′-diindolylmethane on phenobarbital-inducible hepatic CYP mRNA expression and activities and metabolism of 17β-estradiol

2462 Cancer-preventive properties of the components of cruciferous vegetables including indoles have been extensively studied. 3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM) is a major product formed in acid pH of stomach after oral intake of indole-3-carbinol. DIM has been reported to inhibit activities of rat CYP1A1 and CYP2B1 in vitro (Stresser et al J Biochem Toxicol , 1995). Since phenobarbital (PB)-inducible CYP2B1/2 enzymes catalyze 4-, 6α- and 6β-hydroxylation of 17β-estradiol (E2) yielding putative carcinogenic metabolites of E2, we investigated whether treatment of female Sprague-Dawley rats with DIM affects the expression and activities of PB-inducible CYPs and metabolism of E2. At 50 days of age, rats were treated with PB (75 mg/kg b.wt. by intraperitoneal injection), DIM (42 mg/kg b.wt. by oral gavage), PB+DIM or the respective vehicles for four consecutive days. On day 5, rats were killed and livers were excised and processed for analyses of CYP (1A1, 1A2, 1B1, 2B1, 2B2, 3A1 and 3A2) mRNA expression by real time-PCR, CYP activities by O -dealkylation of alkoxyresorufins and nifedipine oxidation, and [4- 14 C]-E2 metabolism by HPLC and radiometry. Treatment of rats with DIM, but not PB, increased the levels of CYP1A1 mRNA expression (20-fold) and activity (5.8-fold); however, neither agent significantly affected CYP1A2 mRNA expression or activity. CYP1B1 mRNA was detected at very low levels in the liver and was unaffected by treatment. Induction of CYP2B1 and 2B2 mRNA expression by PB (165- and 40-fold, respectively) was unchanged by co-treatment with DIM, and likewise, the large increases in the levels of CYP2B1/2 activities were due to PB with no significant effect of DIM. The PB-induced increases in CYP3A1 and 3A2 mRNA expression (6.8- and 4.7-fold, respectively) and CYP3A1/2 activity (1.5-fold) were relatively modest and unchanged by co-treatment with DIM. However, treatment with DIM alone appeared to decrease (by ∼60%) the levels of CYP3A1 and 3A2 mRNA expression relative to vehicle-treated rats. Treatment of rats with PB increased the rates of formation of 4-, 6α-, 6β-, 2-hydroxy (OH)-E2 and 2-OH-estrone (3.3-, 15-, 58-, 3.7- and 17-fold, respectively) from E2, while treatment with PB+DIM lowered the magnitudes of the above increases for 4- and 6β-OH-E2 to 2- and 35-fold, respectively. Hence, the rates of 4- and 6β-OH-E2 formation were decreased by 39% (P in vivo might contribute to protective effects of DIM against carcinogenesis at estrogen-responsive targets.
Interplay of personal, pet, and environmental colonization in households affected by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract Objective We sought to determine the prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and factors associated with Staphylococcus aureus environmental surface and pet colonization in households of children with community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus (CA–MRSA) infection. Methods Between 2012 and 2015, 150 children with CA–MRSA infections and their household contacts and pets were enrolled in this cross-sectional study in metropolitan Saint Louis, MO. Cultures to detect S. aureus were collected from 3 anatomic sites of household members, 2 dog/cat sites, and 21 environmental surfaces in each household. Molecular epidemiology of S. aureus isolates was determined via repetitive-sequence PCR. Generalized linear models were developed to identify factors associated with S. aureus/MRSA household contamination. Results MRSA was recovered from environmental surfaces in 69 (46%) households (median 2 surfaces [range 1–18]). The enrollment infecting strain type was the most common strain recovered from the environment in most (64%) households. In generalized linear models, factors associated with a higher proportion of MRSA-contaminated environmental surfaces were household member MRSA colonization burden, MRSA as the dominant S. aureus strain colonizing household members, more strain types per household member, index case African–American race, and renting (vs. owning) the home. Of 132 pets, 14% were colonized with MRSA. Pets whose primary caretaker was MRSA-colonized were more likely to be MRSA-colonized than pets whose primary caretaker was not MRSA-colonized (50% vs. 4%, p Conclusions Household environments and pet dogs and cats serve as reservoirs of MRSA. Household member MRSA colonization burden predicts environmental MRSA contamination. Longitudinal studies will inform the directionality of household transmission.
Singular Perturbation for Stiff Equations Using Numerical Methods

The present paper explores the following question: can the number-crunching power of the computer be used not only for generating numerical solutions, but also for deriving alternative formulations for the given problems? In other words, can the traditional role of human theoreticians also be performed by digital computers? We shall limit our efforts here to stiff systems of ordinary differential equations. Our task is to translate the general singular perturbation procedures used by human theoreticians for this class of problems into a programmable set of computations; the output from the computations shall provide both the numerical solutions and the alternative formulation of the given problem.
Identifying Problematic Substance Use in a National Sample of Adolescents Using Frequency Questions

Background: Brief substance use screening questions for tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and other drugs need further validation in adolescents. In particular, optimal age-specific screening cut-points are not known, and no study has been large enough to evaluate screening questions for noncannabis illicit drug use. Methods: Adolescent respondents to an annual national household survey were included (2008 to 2014; n = 169,986). Days of tobacco use in the past month, and days of alcohol, cannabis, other illicit drug use in the past year, were assessed as brief screens for tobacco dependence and DSM-IV alcohol (AUD), cannabis (CUD), and other illicit drug use disorders (DUD). Areas under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUCs), sensitivity and specificity were estimated separately by age group (12–15-, 16–17-, and 18–20-year-olds) and cut-points that maximized combined values of sensitivity and specificity were considered optimal. Results: The prevalence of tobacco dependence, AUD, CUD, and DUD was 5.8%, 7.1%, 4.5%, and 2.0%, respectively. AUCs ranged 0.84 to 0.99. The optimal cut-points for screening for tobacco dependence and DUDs was the same for all age groups: ≥1 day. The optimal cut-points for alcohol and cannabis varied by age: ≥3 days for 12–15-year-olds and ≥12 days for older adolescents. Conclusions: Brief measures of past-year use, or past-month use for tobacco, accurately identified adolescents with problematic substance use. However, health systems should use age-specific screening cut-points for alcohol and cannabis to optimize screening performance.
What We Mean When We Say ‘Design’: A Field Scan of Coursework Offerings on Design Topics in Master’s Level Library Education

Future MLIS graduates need to be collaborative, creative, socially innovative, flexible, and adaptable problem solvers—characteristics demonstrated by people with backgrounds in design. Yet design,...