cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Other Itch That Rashes: a Clinical and Therapeutic Approach to Pruritus and Skin Picking Disorders

Patients with skin picking disorders (SPDs) have historically been an under recognized and under treated group. Originally classified an impulse control disorder, skin picking disorder is now considered under the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive-related disorder (OCRD) spectrum. Workup of SPD concentrates on differentiating this condition from primary skin disorders, systemic conditions associated with pruritus, and psychocutaneous syndromes. It is important to first address any underlying pruritic disorders (if present) that may be a trigger to pick the skin. First-line treatment for SPD is cognitive behavioral therapy. When necessary, pharmacologic therapy can be helpful as well.
The evaluation of clopidogrel use in perioperative general surgery patients: a prospective randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background The perioperative safety profile of clopidogrel, a potent antiplatelet agent used in the management of cardiovascular disease, is unknown, and there are no evidence-based guidelines recommending for either its interruption or continuation at this time. The aim of this study was to determine whether patients who are maintained on clopidogrel before general surgical procedures are at increased risk of perioperative bleeding complications. Methods Patients receiving clopidogrel at the time of elective general surgery were randomized to either discontinue clopidogrel 1 week before surgery (group A) or continue clopidogrel into surgery (group B). All other antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents were discontinued before surgery. The primary end points were perioperative bleeding requiring intraoperative or postoperative transfusion of blood or blood components and bleeding-related readmission, reoperation, or mortality within 90 days of surgery. The secondary end points were perioperative myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accidents within 90 days of surgery. Results Thirty-nine patients were enrolled and underwent 43 general surgical operations. Twenty-one procedures were randomized to group A and 22 to group B. The most commonly performed individual procedures were open inguinal hernia repair (23%), laparoscopic cholecystectomy (21%), open ventral hernia repair (15%), laparoscopic ventral hernia repair (11%), and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair (9%). No perioperative mortalities, bleeding events requiring blood transfusion, or reoperations occurred. One readmission for intra-abdominal hematoma requiring percutaneous drainage occurred in each group (group A: 4.8% vs group B: 4.5%; P = 1.0). No myocardial infarctions or cerebrovascular accidents were observed or reported. Conclusions The outcomes from this prospective study suggest that, patients undergoing commonly performed elective general surgical procedures can be safely maintained on clopidogrel without increased perioperative bleeding risk.
Ribosomal operon intergenic sequence region (ISR) heterogeneity in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni.

Aims: The intergenic sequence regions (ISR) between the 16S and 23S genes of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are markedly different for each species. However, in the genomic sequence for Camp. coli RM2228, two rRNA operons have an ISR that is characteristic of Camp. coli, and the third operon is characteristic of Camp. jejuni. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of ISR heterogeneity in these organisms. Methods and Results: PCR primers were designed to yield a 327-base pair (bp) product for Camp. coli and 166-bp product for Camp. jejuni. A strain like Camp. coli RM2228 should yield products of both sizes. DNA from a panel of Camp. coli (n = 133) and Camp. jejuni (n = 134) isolates were tested. All of the isolates yielded products of the predicted size for the species. To verify the data for Camp. coli RM2228, each ribosomal operon from the isolate was individually amplified by PCR and tested with the ISR primer pair. Products of both sizes were produced as predicted. Conclusions: The cross-species heterogeneity of the ISR seen in Camp. coli RM2228 is uncommon. Significance and Impact of the Study: The heterogeneity must have been caused by horizontal gene transfer at a frequency lower than predicted from housekeeping gene data. Thus, it can be expected that species identification based on the ISR can be confused in rare isolates.
Convergence of reinforcement learning with general function approximators

A key open problem in reinforcement learning is to assure convergence when using a compact hypothesis class to approximate the value function. Although the standard temporal-difference learning algorithm has been shown to converge when the hypothesis class is a linear combination of fixed basis functions, it may diverge with a general (non-linear) hypothesis class. This paper describes the Bridge algorithm, a new method for reinforcement learning, and shows that it converges to an approximate global optimum for any agnostically learnable hypothesis class. Convergence is demonstrated on a simple example for which temporal-difference learning fails. Weak conditions are identified under which the Bridge algorithm converges for any hypothesis class. Finally, connections are made between the complexity of reinforcement learning and the PAC-learnability of the hypothesis class.
Relating truck productivity to safety related performance measures

This paper presents an analysis of the relationship between productivity and six safety–related performance measures for twelve Canadian logging truck configurations operating under different weight scenarios. The analysis also seeks to identify the most desirable configuration for each set of gross weight limits and the range of weight limits within which a given configuration satisfies the dynamic performance measures and yields acceptable levels of productivity. The performance measures were calculated using a specially developed nonlinear yaw/roll model. The critical performance measures which are sensitive to truck configuration and weight limit condition are found to be load transfer ratio, static rollover threshold and rearward amplification. In general, configurations with superior dynamic performance tend to have relatively low productivity and vice versa. Except for the rearward amplification ratio and friction demand, there are well defined trends in the variation of the performance measures with productivity. These relationships can be approximated by statistical models that estimate performance measures as a function of productivity. Dynamic performance deteriorates rapidly with increasing weight limit for a given configuration. In trading dynamic performance for productivity, there are critical gross weight limits for which this can be achieved without sacrificing safety. Configurations with tridem axle units on either tractor or trailer have high productivity and adequate dynamic performance properties under a range of weight limit regimes.
Rural Perspectives on Same-Sex Marriage

This study explored rural perspectives on same-sex marriage with a nonprobability sample (N = 156) of adult respondents recruited in a largely rural state in the upper Midwest. A new 6-item instrument with strong internal consistency (α =.943) found that support for same-sex marriage was widespread without significant differences based on relationship status, education level, rural residence, or biological sex. Sexual orientation predicted support for traditional family values and same-sex marriage which were inversely associated. Findings suggest that the presumption of rural bias and hostility toward alternative sexualities has mitigated in the upper Midwest. Social work practitioners should infer from this study that there is more to rural culture than remoteness, isolation, poverty, stigma, and conservative religious values. The malleability of rural culture may be an unrecognized strength that may provide encouragement to rural social workers advocating for and serving lesbian, gay, bisexual, and tra...
A fault secure dictionary machine

A fault-secure dictionary machine is presented in this paper. The symmetry of the binary tree architecture for a dictionary machine is exploited to obtain fault-secureness with little overhead. The proposed design utilizes only one extra processor and with some other modifications to the structure of the processors, can detect a single failure of a processor or a link. The proposed design keeps two copies of each record and whenever a record is extracted from the machine the two copies are compared to detect if any fault has occurred. The low overhead is a result of observing the fact that at any given time all the processors of the machine need not be active and these potentially-idle processors are used to do redundant processing to enable detecting single faults.
Advanced Cell Modeling Techniques Based on Polynomial Expressions

This paper presents an advance cell modeling technique based on polynomial expressions for physical and logic design. Till now, there lacks a modeling method to handle multiple operating points such as input slew, output capacitance, voltage, process, temperature, etc. at a time for the logic synthesis and physical design. Our novel curve-fitting algorithm for cell modeling can process a table with thousands of data points in a modeling equation compared to piecewise equations used in the existing methods [1]-[4]. The number of data storage and CPU run time are significantly reduced without compromising the accuracy of the data. This ensures that the novel curve-fitting algorithm can exactly recover the original data points in a short period of time. In addition, the table-partitioning algorithm is developed to reduce the number of storage and flatten the peak situation occurring at some of the unsampled data. Furthermore, in order to filter the “pass" points with 99% of all data points, the algorithm is developed to select the best order for input variables, further causes to shorten CPU run time again. Our benchmark shows that the new approach has significantly better accuracy and less storage for both the sampling data and unsampling data.
Robust Security-Constrained Unit commitment with recourse cost requirement

With increasing renewable energy resources, price-sensitive loads, and electric-vehicle charging stations in the power grid, uncertainties on both power generation and consumption sides become critical factors in Security-Constrained Unit Commitment (SCUC) problem. Recently, min-max robust optimization approaches are employed to solve SCUC problem. A novel robust SCUC approach is proposed in this paper. The contributions of this paper are: 1) The solution to robust unit commitment and dispatch can be directly used in day-ahead market as it overcomes two issues, conservativeness and absence of robust dispatches, which are two largest obstacles to applying robust SCUC in real markets; 2) A new concept recourse cost, similar to reserve requirement, is proposed to define the upper bound of re-dispatch cost when uncertainties are revealed; 3) Extended Affinely Adjustable (EAA) approximation is employed to accelerate the computation. The preliminary simulation results validated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Treating Post-Trauma Nightmares: A Cognitive Behavioral Approach

An invaluable guidebook for trauma therapists, "Treating Post-Trauma Nightmares" discusses the mental, physical, social, interpersonal, and occupational impact of trauma and sleep disorder literature. It offers a practical, empirically-based approach to guide clinicians dealing with trauma victims. It discusses the mental, physical, social, interpersonal, and occupational impact of trauma and sleep disorder literature. It provides detailed case examples to illustrate various aspects of the treatment. It includes a full patient manual, and contains exercises that can be photocopied and given patients.
A bifurcation theory approach to vector field programming for periodic attractors

Analytic methods of bifurcation theory are used to design algorithms for determining synaptic weights in recurrent analog neural network architectures. Nonnumerical formulas, as well as numerical learning algorithms using hidden units for the storage of static and periodic attractors, are introduced. These algorithms allow programming of the network vector field regardless of the patterns to be stored. Stability of patterns and cycles, basin geometry, and rates of convergence may be controlled. For a network of n nodes, n static of n/2 periodic attractors can be stored by a projection algorithm. For orthogonal patterns, this learning operation reduces to a kind of periodic outer product rule that allows local, additive, and commutative incremental learning. Standing- or traveling-wave cycles may be stored to mimic the kind of oscillating spatial patterns that appear in the neural activity of the olfactory bulb and prepyriform cortex during inspiration, and suffice, in the bulb, to predict the pattern recognition behavior of rabbits in classical conditioning experiments. These attractors arise, during simulated inspiration, through a multiple Hopf bifurcation, which can act as a critical decision point for their selection by very small input patterns. >
THE GLOBAL IMBALANCES: WHAT IS THE PROBLEM?

In the 2007 Wincott Lecture the author argues that global current account imbalances are an indication of ‘intertemporal trade’. Savings and investment, both private and public, determine the imbalances. He expounds Richard Cooper's argument that it is perfectly natural for the USA to have a big deficit and suggests that the large Chinese surplus may be temporary.
Determination of Urinary 17-Ketogenic Steroids by Means of Sodium Metaperiodate Oxidation

The method of Few has been adapted for routine determination of urinary 17-ketogenic steroids. Urine was treated with sodium borohydride, followed by sodium metaperiodate. Extraction was carried out with chloroform, and the Zimmermann reaction was performed on the residue. Marked improvement in reproducibility of 17-ketogenic steroid values over the method previously used in this laboratory was obtained. The procedure appears to be free of many of the difficulties encountered in the bismuthate methods. Twenty determinations may be done daily by one person. Normal values were 9–17 mg/24 hr for males and 7–12 mg/24 hr for females in the age range of 19–35 years. The average deviation for 3 separate analyses on 23 individual urines was 0.44 mg/24 hr. Approximately 80 determinations have been done on normal subjects and over 600 on patients, without apparent technical difficulty.
Reading instruction and remediation with the aid of computer speech

In this paper, we describe the application of new computer and speech synthesis technologies for reading instruction. Stories are presented on the computer screen, and readers may desig­ nate words or parts of words that they cannot read for immediate speech feedback. The impor­ tant contingency between speech sounds and their corresponding letter patterns is emphasized by displaying the letter patterns in reverse video as they are spoken. Speech feedback is provided by an advanced text-to-speech synthesizer (DECtalk). Intelligibility data are presented, showing that DECtalk can be understood almost as well as natural human speech by both normal adults and reading disabled children. Preliminary data from 26 disabled readers indicate that there are significant benefits of speech feedback for reading comprehension and word recognition, and that children enjoy reading with the system.
A "kid's game"? Little league baseball and national identity in Taiwan.

The author examines the role of little league baseball in the construction of a Taiwanese national identity. Taiwan has typically dominated international youth baseball, winning 18 Little League Ba...
Analysis of the mechanism of action of some ganglion-blocking drugs in the rabbit superior cervical ganglion

1. Mechanisms of action of hexamethonium, mecamylamine and (+)-tubocurarine on the rabbit superior cervical ganglion were investigated by intracellular recording techniques. 2. In concentrations up to 1 mM, none of these drugs affected the resting membrane potential nor altered the excitability of the postganglionic neurone to direct or antidromic stimulation. 3. Post-tetanic potentiation of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) was inhibited by mecamylamine (10-100 μM) but not affected by either hexamethonium (5-100 μM) or (+)-tubocurarine (10-50 μM). 4. The decline in amplitude of successive e.p.s.ps in a train (40 Hz) was not influenced by hexamethonium or (+)-tubocurarine but was greatly exaggerated in the presence of mecamylamine; desensitization of the receptors for acetylcholine was excluded as a possible explanation for this latter finding. 5. Mecamylamine depressed the quantal content of e.p.s.ps in a train, with the exception of the first e.p.s.p. which had an increased quantal content. 6. Reduction in quantal content was attributed to a substantial fall in the size of the store of quanta of transmitter immediately available for release and to a reduction in the rate of mobilization of acetylcholine into that store; mecamylamine also caused a simultaneous increase in the fractional release. 7. Hexamethonium and (+)-tubocurarine had no effect on transmitter release. 8. The time-course of presynaptic effects of mecamylamine was similar to the duration of its postsynaptic blocking action. 9. It is concluded that inhibition of ganglionic transmission by mecamylamine is due to both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibitory actions; in contrast, hexamethonium and (+)-tubocurarine reduce transmission solely by their postsynaptic actions.
Crystal Structure of the BARD1 Ankyrin Repeat Domain and Its Functional Consequences

BARD1 is the constitutive nuclear partner to the breast and ovarian cancer-specific tumor suppressor BRCA1. Together, they form a heterodimeric complex responsible for maintaining genomic stability through nuclear functions involving DNA damage signaling and repair, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle control. We report the 2.0A structure of the BARD1 ankyrin repeat domain. The structure includes four ankyrin repeats with a non-canonical C-terminal capping ankyrin repeat and a well ordered extended loop preceding the first repeat. Conserved surface features show an acidic patch and an acidic pocket along the surface typically used by ankyrin repeat domains for binding cognate proteins. We also demonstrate that two reported mutations, N470S and V507M, in the ankyrin repeat domain do not result in observable structural defects. These results provide a structural basis for exploring the biological function of the ankyrin repeat domain and for modeling BARD1 isoforms.
Social rank, chronic ethanol self-administration, and diurnal pituitary–adrenal activity in cynomolgus monkeys

Rationale Dominance hierarchies affect ethanol self-administration, with greater intake among subordinate animals compared to dominant animals. Excessive ethanol intake disrupts circadian rhythms. Diurnal rhythms of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis have not been characterized in the context of ethanol self-administration with regard to social rank.
Individual effects on biomechanical variables during landing in tennis shoes with varying midsole density.

The aim of this study was to determine whether individuals responded uniquely to three different pairs of tennis shoes that differed only in midsole hardness. Kinematic and kinetic data were collected while the subjects (n = 3) performed a stereotyped lateral movement wearing each of the three pairs of tennis shoes. The results were analysed statistically for each subject separately. Variables were identified as discriminators between shoes for individual subjects based upon the results of separate discriminant analyses. After these analyses, a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used for each subject to determine whether the discriminator variables differed significantly between shoes. A scoring system was devised that used the results of the MANOVA to assign scores to shoes for each variable. Cumulative scores for shoes (for each subject) were compared to determine which shoe was best for a subject. The results indicated that each subject responded uniquely to the shoes, and each demonstrated...
Chromatography of nucleic acid components on cyclodextrin gels.

Abstract The application of gels consisting of cross-linked cycloheptaamylose to column chromatographic separations of nucleic acid derivatives has been described. Separations of various nucleotide and nucleoside mixtures were achieved, most notably those containing adenine. Separation is believed to rely on principles of inclusion complex formation similar to those for cyclodextrin molecules in solution.
Using a Systems Framework for Organizing Family Financial Planning.

This paper organizes the family financial-planning process into a systems framework. Systems concepts are applied to family financial-planning using a functional interpretation of systems analysis. The framework provided in this paper can be helpful to professionals researching family financial behavior and its outcomes, planning programs and curricula, and offering financial planning services. It can also be used by families in their own financial planning.
On classification of compact complex solvmanifolds

Abstract In this paper, we complete Nakamuraʼs classification of compact complex parallelizable solvmanifolds up to the complex dimension five. We find that the holomorphic symplectic ones are either nilpotent or pseudo-kahler-like, i.e., with a complex solvable Lie group as that of a compact complex solvable pseudo-kahler space in Guan (2010) [Gu1] . We also found that, for any even complex dimension, all the compact complex pseudo-kahler solvmanifolds are hypersymplectic. Therefore, for compact complex solvmanifolds, hypersymplectic is as general as pseudo-kahler.
The chemistry of the SiH bond with acid treated clays

Abstract The reaction of 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane (M H M H ) with acid treated clays (Filtrol) gives a mixture of HSiMe 2 O-(M H ) stopped fluids, cyclic (Me 2 SiO) n oligomers and gaseous products which include H 2 and Me 2 SiH 2 . The reaction does not proceed with strong acid alone or with acid neutral clay.
A stochastic model for assessing the utility of chance

Abstract We consider the problem of assessing the utility of chance. One approach is based on offering a decision maker a choice between receiving a fixed chance and a gamble. We investigate theoretical properties of a class of models for the probability of preference of the gamble. We point out an alternative model that models behavior near the boundary more realistically.
“It is Good to Spend Time with Older Adults. You Can Teach Them, They Can Teach You”: Second Grade Students Reflect on Intergenerational Service Learning

Service learning has become increasingly popular across all levels of education. Previous literature emphasizes that reflection is an important aspect of service learning. However, limited focus has been given to appropriate methods of reflection for younger children. This longitudinal study followed 31 second-grade children (15 females; mean age 7.6 years) who participated in a year-long intergenerational service learning project. Children made monthly visits to older adults, referred to as ‘grandfriends’ by the teachers, at local retirement communities. The primary research goals were to examine how children use writing to reflect on their service learning and to analyze how children characterize changes in their relationships with older adults. The children were interviewed at the beginning and end of the school year and responded to guided prompts in a service learning journal throughout the year. Interviews and journals were transcribed and coded for emergent themes. Qualitative analyses revealed that children’s understanding of what older people can and cannot do became more detailed and complex. Analyses of the journals indicated that the children were able to effectively reflect upon their experiences through writing. Children demonstrated an ability to take multiple perspectives as well as reflect upon their emotions. Journals also reflected an understanding of the reciprocal nature of relationships; that children and grandfriends learned from each other. Findings suggest that relatively young children can effectively use writing journals to reflect upon their service learning experiences and that intergenerational service learning provides rich opportunities for improved cross-generational understanding.
Allosteric regulation of purine nucleoside phosphorylase

Purine nucleoside phosphorylase (EC 2.4.2.1) from bovine spleen is allosterically regulated. With the substrate inosine the enzyme displayed complex kinetics: positive cooperativity vs inosine when this substrate was close to physiological concentrations, negative cooperativity at inosine concentrations greater than 60 microM, and substrate inhibition at inosine greater than 1 mM. No cooperativity was observed with the alternative substrate, guanosine. The activity of purine nucleoside phosphorylase toward the substrate inosine was sensitive to the presence of reducing thiols; oxidation caused a loss of cooperativity toward inosine, as well as a 10-fold decreased affinity for inosine. The enzyme also displayed negative cooperativity toward phosphate at physiological concentrations of Pi, but oxidation had no effect on either the affinity or cooperativity toward phosphate. The importance of reduced cysteines on the enzyme is thus specific for binding of the nucleoside substrate. The enzyme was modestly inhibited by the pyrimidine nucleotides CTP (Ki = 118 microM) and UTP (Ki = 164 microM), but showed greater sensitivity to 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (Ki = 5.2 microM).
The 5-HT transporter is an additional site of action for the 5-HT agonists RU 24969 and TFMPP

A variety of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) agonists and related compounds were tested for their ability to interact with the 5-HT transporter by analyzing: (1) inhibition of synaptosomal uptake of 5-HT; (2) competition for the specific binding of [3H]paroxetine to the 5-HT transporter and; (3) stimulation of 5-HT efflux from synaptosomes. The results indicate that compounds which exhibit moderate to high affinity for the 5-HT1B binding site also exhibit moderate to high potency for inhibiting 5-HT uptake (Ki = 28 and 291 nM for RU 24969 and TFMPP, respectively). Moreover, the same series of compounds also compete for [3H]paroxetine binding (Ki = 20 and 387 nM for RU 24969 and TFMPP, respectively) and can, to varying degrees, induce 5-HT efflux from synaptosomes. These data suggest that some ligands which are active at the 5-HT1B receptor will also interact with the 5-HT transporter to modify the synaptic availability of 5-HT.
Unsupervised constrained linear Fisher’s discriminant analysis for hyperspectral image classification

Fisher's linear discriminant analysis (FLDA) has been widely used in pattern classification due to its criterion, called Fisher's ratio, based on the ratio of between-class variance to within-class variance. Recently, a linear constrained discriminant analysis (LCDA) was developed for huperspectral image classification where Fisher's ratio was replaced with the ratio of inter-distance to intra-distance and the target signatures were constrained to orthogonal directions. This paper directly extends the FLDA to constrained Fisher's linear discriminant analysiss (CFLDA), which uses Fisher's ratio as a classification criterion. Since CFLDA is supervised which requires a set of training samples, this paper further extends the CFLDA to an unsupervised CFLDA (UCFLDA) by including a new unsupervised training sample generation algorithm to automatically produce a sample pool of training data to be used for CFLDA. In order to determine the number of classes, p, to be classified, a newly developed concept, called virtual dimensionality (VD) is used to estimate the p where a Neyman-Pearson-based eigen-analysis approach developed by Harsanyi, Farrand and Chang, called noise-whitened HFC (NWHFC)'s method, is implemented to find the VD. The experimental results have shown that the proposed UCFLDA perform effectively for HYDICE data and provides a promising unsupervised classification technique for hyperspectral imagery.
Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Interface and Dielectric Properties of Atomic Layer Deposited SiO2on GaN

The dielectric and MOS interface properties of SiO2 deposited with atomic layer deposition (ALD) on GaN with different surface treatments have been investigated with DC current–voltage (I–V) measurements and UV-assisted capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. Dielectric breakdown characteristics and leakage conduction mechanism for ALD SiO2 depend on surface conditions. Dry etch with NaOH post-etch GaN surface exhibited high oxide breakdown voltage with small distribution, larger barrier height characteristics, and higher charge to breakdown characteristics when compared with un-etched surface condition and dry etch with tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) post-etch surface condition. Moreover, fixed charge density and interface trap density at MOS interface extracted by UV-assisted C–V were comparable between un-etched surface sample and dry etch with NaOH post-etch surface sample, indicating dry etching damage recovery and demonstrating the usability of NaOH post-etching treatment. Comparison has also been made to a composite oxide of SiO2/Al2O3/SiO2, showing possibility of oxide charge engineering toward positive threshold voltage but carrier trapping by insertion of Al2O3.
A 17 electron chromium complex having both nitrosyl and unidentate nitrito ligands. The crystal and molecular structure of dinitritonitrosyltripyridinechromium monopyridine solvate, (ONO)2(NO)(C5H5N)3Cr·C5H5N [1]

Abstract Irradiation of a solution of Cr(CO)6 in tetrahydrofuran while purging simultaneously with a stream of nitric oxide gas produces a deep red solution within five minutes. The red solid isolated from the reaction solution eluded purification by standard methods. This solid was dissolved in pyridine and heated to 70 °C. The initial red solution changed to a deep green color from which a green solid was isolated. Extraction of this solid with methylene chloride gave a green solution from which a small amount of a green, solid residue was isolated. This residue crystallized from pyridine solution predominantly as very thin green platelets and several larger red crystals of the tittle compound, which was identified and characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography. Space group Pnna; Z = 4; unit cell dimensions: a = 19.148(4) A, b = 10.101(2) A, c = 12.345(3) A and V = 2388(1) A3. The molecule is a six-coordinate complex of symmetry C2 having three pyridine ligands in a meridional arrangement, with nitrito ligands trans to each other and bonded to the Cr atom through only one oxygen atom. The linear nitrosyl ligand is trans to one of the pyridine ligands. A Crystallographic two-fold axis of rotation passes through the nitrosyl ligand, the Cr atom and the pyridine ligand trans to the nitrosyl ligand. The pyridine solvate molecule lies on another crystallographic two-fold axis and appears to be disordered so that the nitrogen atom is scrambled randomly over all six ring atom positions. This is only the second structurally characterized complex with a unidentate, nitrito ligand. It is also if interest as a 17 electron Cr nitrosyl complex, isoelectronic with the [Cr(CN)5NO][3− ion, with which comparison can be made.
Heat recovery schemes in the UK

Abstract It would seem that many industrial companies in the UK, even though their profit margins are being squeezed, still have money to burn, literally. Although fuel prices have escalated quite sharply over the past two decades, the cost of energy is not yet high enough to force companies to implement conservation measures as a matter of course. Energy managers have been appointed throughout the country, but they have mostly proved ineffective. Gopal Srinivasan urges UK industry to consider heat recovery projects.
Air-sea interaction and feasibility of tsunami detection in the open ocean

[1] Recent observations of “tsunami shadows,” i.e., extended darker strips on the ocean surface along a front of a weak tsunami off Oahu, Hawaii, suggest that tsunamis in the deep ocean may be remotely detected through changes in ocean surface roughness. In this paper, physical mechanisms responsible for the formation of “tsunami shadows” are considered. The hypothesis that the change in surface roughness is due to an air-sea interaction is examined. Using an eddy-viscosity model for the average Reynolds stresses in turbulent flow, a theory is developed to model tsunami-induced perturbations in the atmospheric boundary layer. It is demonstrated that in the lowest tens of centimeters of the atmosphere, tsunami-induced perturbations of the mean wind velocity are much greater than current velocities in the water and can be comparable to the unperturbed wind velocity. Enhancement of tsunami-induced wind velocity perturbations compared to currents in the tsunami wave occurs because of a generation of a viscous wave in the air by a coherent elevation of large expanses of the ocean surface in the tsunami wave. The ratio of the maximum wind velocity perturbation to the amplitude of the current velocity approximately equals (πD/4κ2λ) ln2 (κu*λ/2πcz0), where κ is the von Karman constant, u* is the friction velocity of a background wind, z0 is the roughness length of the ocean surface, D is ocean depth, and λ and c are the tsunami wavelength and velocity, respectively. The results are shown to be robust with respect to a choice of a closure model for Reynolds stresses. Dependence of the tsunami-induced atmospheric perturbations on background wind velocity and direction, tsunami period and amplitude, and ocean depth is studied. Implications of the theoretical predictions on the feasibility of a satellite-based system relying on radars and/or microwave radiometers for early tsunami warning are discussed.
Anxiety as a condition for learning in group supervision.

Abstract This article describes how group counselors participating in group supervision perceive and experience anxiety. The accounts of these counselors provide perspectives that illuminate anxiety as a condition for learning in group supervision, the group supervisor's role in facilitating learning in group supervision, and the intensity of process-oriented group supervision for supervisees.
8. Adolescent Men's Relationship-specific Sexual Health as a Predictor of Condom Non-use

“community” risk adolescents (i.e. that of typical neighborhood adolescentmales) and venues capturing adolescentmaleswhomay be at higher STI risk. At each venue, males ages 14-17 were invited to participate in a computer survey of lifetime and recent sexual behaviors, risk behaviors, and STI history, as well as provide a urine sample and an optional anal swab for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Trichomonas DNA-based testing. Descriptive statistics are provided. Results: We enrolled 171 participants at 17 venues (9 parks , 2 apartment complexes and 6 community events). Two participants identified as transgender, the average age was 15.7 / 1.2, and ethnicity was 69.6% African American, 9.9% Latino and 18.8% white. We observed high rates of sexual experience and STI risk behaviors. Lifetime sexual experience included giving oral sex (36.9%), receiving oral sex ( 61.7%), vaginal (68.5%), giving anal sex (17.6%) and receiving anal sex (8.3%). 55.2% of sexually active males had more than two lifetime sex partners. Condom use was more frequent with vaginal sex, compared to oral and anal sex (30.7% always use condom with vaginal sex, 10.4%with oral sex, 7.1%with anal sex, p .05). Other risk behaviors, such asmarijuana use (19.9%), drug use (6.8%) and alcohol use (17.2%) before last sexual encounter, and getting someone pregnant (17, 9.9%) were also common. History of STI testing and diagnoses were uncommon (20.3% report ever being tested, 2.3% ever being told they have an STI). Four (2.4%) were infected with Chlamydia. Conclusions: Venue-based sampling is a mechanism for recruiting and enrolling adolescent males with high STI risk behaviors in community settings. Our high participation rate suggests it is an acceptable and feasible alternative to clinic, school, and other institutionalbased recruitment strategies for STI research. Its community focus makes it ideal for understanding community risk and informing screening and STI prevention interventions. Sources Of Support: NIH R56 1R56AI090393-01 & & K23 HD 049444-01.
Growth of algal symbionts in regenerating hydra.

BETWEEN 10 and 20 photosynthetic algae are maintained per digestive cell in green hydra, the freshwater polyp. In normal conditions the number of symbionts maintained within the host remains stable—the algae do not overgrow the host nor do the animals outgrow the algae1. In experiments described here we found that when the upper two-thirds of a hydra was removed, there was a pronounced increase in the number of algae per digestive cell in the remaining peduncle of the animal. The observed increase in algal numbers was not a function of starvation and could be abolished by grafting a head, from a donor animal, on to the peduncle. We believe that our experiments are the first to show that the reproduction of symbiotic algae may be influenced by the host and that the presence of a head, thought to be responsible for maintenance of polarity and other morphological phenomena in hydra2, may also influence the reproduction of symbiotic algae.
Temperature-dependent conduction-band exchange splitting in ferromagnetic hcp gadolinium: Theoretical predictions and photoemission experiments.

Angle-resolved photoemission is used to determine the temperature-dependent electronic properties of ferromagnetic bulk Gd along Γ-A of the three-dimensional Brillouin zone. The Δ 2 band exchange splitting (0.85 eV) and dispersion (0.5 eV) are in reasonably good agreement with self-consistent local spin-density approximation calculations. The conduction-band magnetic exchange splitting vanishes at the Curie temperature following a conventional power law with a Heisenberg critical exponent
The effect of flavin coenzymes on the activity of erythrocyte enzymes.

Aktivitatsmessung von 14 Erythrozytenenzymen normaler Personen mit und ohne Hinzufugung der Flavinenzyme Flavinmononukleotid (FMN) und Flavinadenindinukleotid (FAD). Keines der untersuchten Enzyme wurde durch FMN aktiviert, wahrend jedoch FAD die Glutathione Reduktase und die NADH Methamoglobin Reduktase stimulierte.
Plant carotenoid cleavage oxygenases and their apocarotenoid products

The oxidative cleavage of carotenoids leads to the production of apocarotenoids and is catalyzed by a family of carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs). CCDs often exhibit substrate promiscuity, which probably contributes to the diversity of apocarotenoids found in nature. Biologically and commercially important apocarotenoids include the phytohormone abscisic acid, the visual and signaling molecules retinal and retinoic acid, and the aromatic volatile β-ionone. Unexpected properties associated with the CCD catalytic products emphasize their role in many aspects of plant growth and development. For instance, CCD7 and CCD8 produce a novel, graft-transmissible hormone that controls axillary shoot growth in plants. Here, CCDs are discussed according to their roles in the biosynthesis of these products. Recent studies regarding their mechanism of action are also addressed.
Transparent conducting oxide thin films of Cd2SnO4 prepared by RF magnetron co-sputtering of the constituent binary oxides

Abstract Thin films of cadmium tin oxide (Cd2SnO4) have been deposited on glass substrates by RF magnetron co-sputtering from cadmium oxide (CdO) and tin oxide (SnO2) targets in an Argon ambient. Co-sputtering offers a means to control the atomic stoichiometry of Cd2SnO4, which influences the material's electro-optical and structural properties. The Cd2SnO4 films were deposited at room temperature and subsequently subjected to a heat treatment in inert or reducing (H2) ambient. The as-deposited films were amorphous, and became polycrystalline after annealing at high temperatures. Using this method, Cd2SnO4 films with a Hall mobility of 32.3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a carrier concentration of 7.40×1020 cm−3 corresponding to a resistivity of 2.07×10−4 Ω cm have been prepared. The films exhibited average optical total transmission in excess of 90% in the visible region. The optical bandgap was found to be in the range of 2.97–3.18 eV, depending on post deposition treatment.
Estrogen receptors in the human prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, testis, and genital skin: a marker for estrogen-responsive tissues?

In an effort to identify those human male sex accessory tissues that may be under the physiological influence of estrogen, cytosolic and nuclear estrogen receptors were measured with two ligand systems that used either [3H]R2858 [moxesterol(llβ-methoxy-17-ethynyl-1,3,5,(10) -estratriene-3,17β- diol)] or [3H]estradiol plus 1 μM dihydrotestosterone with diethylstilbestrol to correct for nonspecific binding. In seminal vesicles, high affinity binding was identified in cytosol (6 of 7 determinations) and nuclear extract (4 of 7 determinations); in the epididymis, high affinity binding was also present in the cytosol (10 of 12 determinations) and nuclear extract (10 of 11 determinations). In contrast, no high affinitybinding was demonstrated in cytosol from the testis (0 of 5 determinations) or genital skin (0 of 7 determinations), and only low levels of nuclear receptor (80 fmol/g tissue) were present in the testis (3 of 5 determinations) and genital skin (1 of 7 determinations). In nonhtperplastic prostatic ...
Characterization of the Temperature Dependence of the Piezoresistive Coefficients of Silicon From ${-}150\,^{\circ}$ C to ${+}125\,^{\circ}$ C

Stress sensing test chips are widely utilized to investigate integrated circuit die stresses arising from assembly and packaging operations. In order to utilize these test chips to measure stresses over a wide range of temperatures, one must have values of six piezoresistive coefficients for n- and p-type silicon over the temperature range of interest. However, the literature provides limited data over the desired range, and even the data at room temperature exhibit wide discrepancies in magnitude as well as sign. Thus, this work focuses on an extensive experimental study of the temperature dependence of the fundamental piezoresistive coefficients, pi11, pi12, and pi44, for both p- and n-type silicon from -150degC to +125degC, as well as a number of useful combined coefficients. Measurements were performed using stress sensors fabricated on (001) silicon. In order to minimize errors associated with misalignment with the crystallographic axes on (001) silicon wafers, anisotropic wet etching was used to accurately locate the axes. Four-point bending (4PB) was used to generate the required stress in strip-on-beam samples, and finite-element simulations were used to determine the states of stress in the silicon material.
Chopping of Transformer Magnetizing Currents Part II: Three-Phase Transformers

A Transformer model for chopping overvoltage calculations is presented by a mathematical description of transformer magnetics-eqs. (1) and (2) and also by an equivalent circuit. The model is based on eddy current losses in laminations with static hysteresis neglected. The empirical constants of the model are determined from 60Hz measured BH loops. The dynamic BH loops; the dynamic BH transients of the core can be represented with good accuracy. Maximum chopping voltages across the range of transformer ratings are calculated without breaker limiting action. The model is suitable for computer studies of overvoltages where breaker characteristics and network elements are represented. Extension of the concept for three phase transformer applications is continued in Part 2.
Platelet serotonin-2 receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder

To examine the role of serotonin-2 (5-HT2) receptors in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we studied 5-HT2 receptors in platelets obtained from patients with OCD (n = 20) during a drug free baseline period, as well as in normal control subjects (n = 25). The maximum number of binding sites (Bmax) and the apparent dissociation constant (Kd) of 5-HT2 receptors were determined by receptor binding techniques using 125I-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) as radioligand. We observed that the mean Bmax of 125I-LSD binding in platelets of patients with OCD was not significantly different when compared with normal control subjects. There was also no significant difference in Kd values between patients with OCD and normal control subjects. To examine whether the baseline 5-HT2 receptors are related to the severity of illness, we determined the relationships of the baseline Bmax and Kd with baseline scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS), and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Obsessive-Compulsive scale (GOCS). We found no significant correlation between baseline Bmax and Kd with the baseline HDRS, Y-BOCS, or NIMH-GOCS scores. Our results do not indicate abnormal 5-HT2 receptors in platelets of patients with OCD.
Heir pollution: A note on Buchanan's ‘laws of succession’ and tullock's ‘blind spot’☆

Abstract But man has almost constant occasion for the help of his brethren, and it is in vain for him to expect it from their benevolence only. He will be more likely to prevail if he can interest their self-love in his favour, and shew them that it is for their own advantage to do for him what he requires of them. (Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations , p. 26.)
A rapid assay to conduct in-vitro polyomavirus DNA replication

Traditionally, the HIRT extraction method using phenol and chloroform, is employed to selectively extract low-molecular weight DNA to conduct polyomavirus DNA replication assays. Moreover, DNA replication results obtained with this approach are typically inconsistent between triplicate specimens. To hasten the procedure of polyomavirus DNA replication assay and to enhance reproducibility, we compared the DNA quality and yield using Qiagen Spin Column technology and the HIRT extraction method. CV-1 cells were transfected with SV40 DNA, cells were harvested at days 2, 4 and 6, and DNA was extracted using the Qiagen Spin Column and the HIRT extraction methods. Southern hybridization was performed using a 32P labeled linear full-length SV40 DNA. Viral DNA replication was quantitated using the BioRad phosphorimager and results obtained with the two procedures were compared. Additionally, B-cells and Rat2 cells were spiked with 500 ng of JC polyomavirus linear DNA and processed as described above, except 32P labeled full-length linear JCV DNA was employed in the Southern hybridization step. Southern blot analysis revealed consistent SV40 and JCV DNA recovery using the Qiagen Spin Column technology, and SV40 DNA replication was consistent between triplicate specimens at all time points. In addition, SV40 DNA recovery was greater using the Qiagen Spin Column technology as judged by Southern blot analysis. The traditional HIRT extraction method employed to conduct polyomavirus DNA replication assays takes approximately 24 hr, whereas the Qiagen Spin Column technology reduces the time required to obtain good quality DNA to less than one hr. These modifications to the assay will improve the determination of polyomavirus DNA replication activity, while reducing exposure of the investigator to toxic organic compounds.
Metabolic and Mechanical Responses to Right vs. Left Ventricular Volume Loading in the Neonatal Pig Heart. • 114

Metabolic and Mechanical Responses to Right vs. Left Ventricular Volume Loading in the Neonatal Pig Heart. • 114