cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis and experiments on unsteady flow in gas turbine main combustors

Analysis of direct injection combustors shows that even with instantaneous combustion of the fuel, a combustor with a choked exhaust can be unstable if the inlet air flow is sensitive to combustor pressure, and if temperature variations in the burned gas persist to the nozzle. Stabilizing influences are higher pressure drops in the combustor and the inlet, lower temperature rise, axial mixing or axial distribution of secondary air, and a steep compressor-diffuser characteristic or high inlet inertia. Much more serious instability can occur if the heat release rate is coupled to the inlet air flow rate. If the heat release rate is in phase with the flow, combustion is stable, and if it leads the flow by τ/2 radians, it will exert a positive damping effect. However, if the heat release is out of phase with the flow, combustion is unstable, and if it lags by τ/2, sustained oscillation will occur with any value of the coupling constant. Experiments with simple model combustors showed that all configurations were unstable above a critical fuel-air ratio, probably associated with a limiting critical pressure drop. The importance of pressure drop was shown independently by the phenomenon of intermittent instability. The high-amplitude instability in combustors with large primary air flows was very clearly caused by the heat release rate being out of phase with the flow velocity. The critical temperature rise above which instability occurred was approximately 60% higher than that predicted by the analysis Δ T / T 0 ≥ 2 + 4 ( Δ P / P ) 1 − 4 ( Δ P / P ) .
Oral hygiene instruction using a self inspection plaque index

The need for proper oral hygiene requires large amounts of time and manpower, and relapse is still common. This paper describes a self instructional manual and self inspection plaque index that was tested in a periodontal recall population. The program was tested on 18 periodontal recall patients over a period of 6 weeks. Questionnaires were completed at the start, at 2 weeks, and at the end of the experimental period to evaluate patient opinions. Presence of plaque near the gingival margin was recorded at the start, at 2 weeks, and at 6 weeks. Patients were provided with a self instructional manual which taught them to recognize plaque on six teeth. Also, they were given a lighted mouth mirror, a toothbrush, and disclosing wafers. Initial, before-brushing plaque scores of 47% decreased to 18% during the 6 weeks of the study. After-brushing plaque scores also were significantly improved during the study. Patients were able to perform the plaque index without guidance to a high level of agreement with a dental hygienist (r = 0.72). Furthermore, the program was well accepted by the patients according to their answers on the questionnaire.
Destined to Fail? A study of possible factors leading to the non‐completion of a General National Vocational Qualification course; competition, guidance and student perceptions

[1] The research was carried out as part of the award for the MEd in Professional Development in Westminster College. Leigh Thompson was the practitioner researcher and Lorraine Foreman‐Peck was the dissertation supervisor.
The effects of ovariectomy and progesterone on peripheral aromatization in the female rhesus monkey.

We investigated the acute effects of surgery, i.e. ovariectomy, the long-term effects of ovariectomy, and the effects of progesterone on the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). For the acute effects of surgery, 7 rhesus monkeys were given a pulse of [3H]androstenedione/[14C]estrone 2 weeks before and immediately after ovariectomy. In each case all urine was collected for 4 days and analyzed for radioactivity as estrone glucuronide and the peripheral aromatization calculated from the isotope ratios. Similarly, 5 monkeys were studied before and 18 months after ovariectomy. The acute effects of surgery resulted in a significant decrease in the peripheral aromatization of androstenedione to estrone from a mean +/- SE of 0.94 +/- 0.26 to 0.61 +/- 0.19%, P = 0.0452. Conversely, the long-term effects of ovariectomy resulted in a significant increase in peripheral aromatization from 0.38 +/- 0.06 to 0.67 +/- 0.12%, P = 0.0207. In 7 monkeys the peripheral aromatization was measured before and 10 days after the administration of progesterone, 100 mg in oil. There was no difference in peripheral aromatization before, 0.62 +/- 0.04% and after progesterone, 0.58 +/- 0.05%, P = 0.10. We conclude that the acute stress of ovariectomy, or possibly the loss of ovarian aromatizing tissue, results in a decline in peripheral aromatization, but ovariectomy will have the long-term effect of an increase in aromatization, and that the presence or absence of progesterone does not play a role.
Effects of age, gender, bolus volume, and trial on swallowing apnea duration and swallow/respiratory phase relationships of normal adults.

The effects of age, gender, bolus volume, and trial on swallowing apnea duration (SAD) and swallow/respiratory phase relationships were examined. Sixty adults, composed of ten males and ten females in each of three age groups (i.e., 20–39, 40–59, and 60–83 years), participated. SAD was assessed via nasal airflow during saliva swallows and 10-, 15-, 20-, 25-mL bolus volumes across three trials. Results revealed SAD is consistent across trial (p>0.05). Significant main effects of age, gender, and bolus volume were found (p 0.05).
Altered substrate specificity by substitutions at Tyr218 in bacterial aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferase-II

Mutant aminoglycoside 3′-phosphotransferase II enzymes were produced in which Tyr218 was changed to serine, aspartic acid, or phenylalanine. In each case the mutation resulted in increased bacterial susceptibility to neomycin and kanamycin, while simultaneously increasing the Km values for these substrates. For the Ser and Asp mutants, bacterial resistance to amikacin increased, with a concomitant increase in affinity for this drug. Initial velocity studies indicated that the wild-type and mutant enzymes all followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Although these mutagenic substitutions changed the substrate specificity of these enzymes they did not alter the enzyme affinity for Mg2+-ATP.
Differential expression of muscular dystrophy in diaphragm versus hindlimb muscles of mdx mice

Contractile properties of diaphragm (DIA) from mdx and control mice were compared with those of hindlimb muscles [soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL)] in vitro. Mice ranged in age from 2 weeks to 1.5 years. Muscles were directly stimulated and properties measured were: contraction time, half-relaxation time, active tension per unit area, fatigue index, and maximal velocity of shortening (Vmax). Active tension decreased significantly with age in mdx DIA but not in control DIA. SOL and EDL active tensions were less in mdx than control over the whole age range and did not decrease with age. Vmax was decreased in mdx DIA, but not in mdx SOL or EDL. These results demonstrate that DIA is more affected by muscular dystrophy than hindlimb muscles. Since many Duchenne patients exhibit respiratory distress, this differential expression of dystrophy in diaphragm, as compared to limb muscles, may have important clinical implications.
Proposed Metaparadigm for Nursing Research and Theory Development: An Analysis of Orem's Self Care Theory

Summary A classification scheme is proposed to organize existing research and set directions for future studies and theory development in nursing. Orem's self-care approach to nursing forms the basis of the scheme, with the recommendation to study the phenomena of the field through a constructivist methodology. Scholars, theorists, and researchers are invited to participate in examination and use of the scheme from a variety of perspectives.
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN HIGH AND VERY HIGH MAGNETIC FIELDS

An external magnetic field can actually enhance superconductivity, pro vided it is strong enough. If only few lowest Landau levels are occupied, the quasi 1D nature of the electronic motion leads to an enhancement of transition temperature. The orbital frustration of the order parameter is much simplified in this limit. This limit of superconductivity, of great interest in itself, can also be used as a starting point to study orbital frustration in familiar, “low-field”, strongly type II superconductors. I briefly review some of the characteristics of superconductivity in high magnetic fields.
Surfactant Driven Post-Deposition Spreading of Aerosols on Complex Aqueous Subphases. 1: High Deposition Flux Representative of Aerosol Delivery to Large Airways

Abstract Background: Aerosol drug delivery is a viable option for treating diseased airways, but airway obstructions associated with diseases such as cystic fibrosis cause non-uniform drug distribution and limit efficacy. Marangoni stresses produced by surfactant addition to aerosol formulations may enhance delivery uniformity by post-deposition spreading of medications over the airway surface, improving access to poorly ventilated regions. We examine the roles of different variables affecting the maximum post-deposition spreading of a dye (drug mimic). Methods: Entangled aqueous solutions of either poly(acrylamide) (PA) or porcine gastric mucin (PGM) serve as airway surface liquid (ASL) mimicking subphases for in vitro models of aerosol deposition. Measured aerosol deposition fluxes indicate that the experimental delivery conditions are representative of aerosol delivery to the conducting airways. Post-deposition spreading beyond the locale of direct aerosol deposition is tracked by fluorescence microsco...
S 4 W: a problem-solving environment for wireless system design

This work describes the Site-Specific System Simulator for Wireless System Design (S4W), a problem-solving environment (PSE) that integrates visualization and computational tools with a high-level graphical user interface. S4W improves the ability of wireless system engineers to design an indoor wireless system by encouraging them to think in terms of designing the system for optimal performance. Issues of computation management, data management, and location of resources are hidden from the user. The complex nature of data sets in the domain of wireless simulations calls for a customized set of visualization tools. Therefore, a number of ad hoc visualizations were developed for S4W. A study comparing the integrated system with an earlier, unintegrated version is presented. This helps to demonstrate the productivity gains that a PSE provides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NEWCOMERS' RELATIONSHIPS: THE ROLE OF SOCIAL NETWORK TIES DURING SOCIALIZATION

A sample of 154 new auditors was surveyed to investigate how patterns of social relationships affected socialization. Characteristics of the newcomers' informational networks (size, density, strength, range, and status) related to three different indicators of learning: organizational knowledge, task mastery, and role clarity. Also, the structure of the newcomers' friendship networks related to their social integration and organizational commitment. By linking socialization outcomes to social network structure, this study sheds new light on the role of relationships in newcomer learning and assimilation.
Self-Esteem Instability and the Desire for Fame

The desire to become famous was examined among individuals with stable and unstable forms of self-esteem. Participants were 181 female undergraduates who completed measures of self-esteem level and fame interest along with daily measures of state self-esteem (i.e., how an individual feels about oneself at the present moment) for seven consecutive days. Our results show that individuals who possess unstable high self-esteem reported a stronger desire to become famous than did those with stable high self-esteem. These findings suggest the intriguing possibility that individuals with unstable high self-esteem may want to become famous as a means for gaining external validation. Implications of these findings for understanding the connection between self-esteem and the desire for fame are discussed.
Using simulation to explore distributed key-value stores for extreme-scale system services

Owing to the significant high rate of component failures at extreme scales, system services will need to be failure-resistant, adaptive and self-healing. A majority of HPC services are still designed around a centralized paradigm and hence are susceptible to scaling issues. Peer-to-peer services have proved themselves at scale for wide-area internet workloads. Distributed key-value stores (KVS) are widely used as a building block for these services, but are not prevalent in HPC services. In this paper, we simulate KVS for various service architectures and examine the design trade-offs as applied to HPC service workloads to support extreme-scale systems. The simulator is validated against existing distributed KVS-based services. Via simulation, we demonstrate how failure, replication, and consistency models affect performance at scale. Finally, we emphasize the general use of KVS to HPC services by feeding real HPC service workloads into the simulator and presenting a KVS-based distributed job launch prototype.
Clinical patterns of surgical endocarditis.

Abstract Background: This study was aimed at defining clinical and anatomic patterns in cases of surgical endocarditis (SE). Methods: SE cases done between 1981 and 1997 at our metropolitan county hospital were retrospectively analyzed. Results: A total of 106 consecutive episodes of SE involving 125 valves in 100 patients were studied. SE included 71 aortic, 42 mitral, and 12 tricuspid valves. The etiologies included intravenous drug abuse (IVDA) in 48 (45%) and dental source in 30 (28%). A congenitally deformed valve was present in 19 (18%). Compared to non-IVDA, IVDA episodes of SE were more often superimposed on previously normal valves (38/48 [79%] vs. 30/58 [52%])**, S. aureus infections (17/43 [40%] vs. 9/54 [17%])*, active endocarditis (38/48 [79%] vs. 32/58 [55%])*, and surgically treated on an urgent basis (10/48 [21%] vs. 4/58 [7%])*. Overall, macroemboli occurred in 53 (50%) of SE and was associated with pseudoaneurysm*, preoperative neurologic dysfunction,** and operative death.** The operative mortality (defined by Society of Thoracic Surgeons) for SE was 5/106 (4.7%). Macroembolism,** aortoventricular discontinuity,** abscesses,* pseudoaneurysm,** and preoperative renal failure* were associated with mortality. Prosthetic valve endocarditis was present in 10 of 106 episodes of SE (9.4%). *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01. Conclusion: (1) The aortic valve is most commonly associated with SE, (2) SE of a previously normal valve is more likely to occur with IVDA than other etiologies, (3) macroemboli occur in half of SE and is associated with an increased operative mortality.
Characterisation of the genes for ribosomal RNA in flax

DNA coding for the 18S and 25S rRNAs in flax (Linum usitatissimum) has been purified and is arranged in tandem arrays with a repeat length of 8.6 kb. There is no detectable variation in the size of this repeat unit. Single repeat units have been cloned in the plasmid pAT 153. The coding sequences for the 25S, 18s and 5.85 rRNAs have been localised by hybridisation. The cloned rDNA has been used to compare two genotrophs, L1 ad S1, where the number of rRNA cistrons has been altered by growth under different environmental conditions. In terms of the size of the repeat unit and the position of a number of restriction enzyme sites the rDNAs from L1 and S1 were identical.
Modular Open-Source Software for Item Factor Analysis:

This article introduces an item factor analysis (IFA) module for OpenMx, a free, open-source, and modular statistical modeling package that runs within the R programming environment on GNU/Linux, Mac OS X, and Microsoft Windows. The IFA module offers a novel model specification language that is well suited to programmatic generation and manipulation of models. Modular organization of the source code facilitates the easy addition of item models, item parameter estimation algorithms, optimizers, test scoring algorithms, and fit diagnostics all within an integrated framework. Three short example scripts are presented for fitting item parameters, latent distribution parameters, and a multiple group model. The availability of both IFA and structural equation modeling in the same software is a step toward the unification of these two methodologies.
The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Gene Alone Is Sufficient To Induce Carcinomas in Transgenic Animals

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the causative agents of certain human cancers. HPV type 16 (HPV16) is the papillomavirus most frequently associated with cervical cancer in women. The E6 and E7 genes of HPV are expressed in cells derived from these cancers and can transform cells in tissue culture. Animal experiments have demonstrated that E6 and E7 together cause tumors. We showed previously that E6 and E7 together or E7 alone could induce skin tumors in mice when these genes were expressed in the basal epithelia of the skin. In this study, we investigated the role that the E6 gene plays in carcinogenesis. We generated K14E6 transgenic mice, in which the HPV16 E6 gene was directed in its expression by the human keratin 14 promoter (hK14) to the basal layer of the epidermis. We found that E6 induced cellular hyperproliferation and epidermal hyperplasia and caused skin tumors in adult mice. Interestingly, the tumors derived from E6 were mostly malignant, as opposed to the tumors from E7 mice, which were mostly benign. This result leads us to hypothesize that E6 may contribute differently than E7 to HPV-associated carcinogenesis; whereas E7 primarily contributes to the early stages of carcinogenesis that lead to the formation of benign tumors, E6 primarily contributes to the late stages of carcinogenesis that lead to malignancy.
Major depressives' and dysthymics' performance on the wisconsin card sorting test

Despite awareness that depression may affect performance on commonly used neuropsychological tests, little research has been conducted on the relative impact of severity and type of depression on higher problem-solving ability. Major depressives (n = 13), dysthymics (n = 17), and non-psychiatric comparison subjects (n = 18) were administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Although diagnostic category was related only marginally to some WCST measures after controlling for intellectual function, depressive symptom severity emerged as an independent predictor of Total Errors, Perseverative Responses, and Failure to Maintain Set. These findings lend support to the suggestion that neuropsychological test batteries should include assessment for depression and suggest that even relatively mild depression may affect WCST scores.
Capital, Trade, and the Political Economies of Reform

Existing approaches to the study of economic reform have focused on the mobilization of special interests that oppose liberalization, and have tended to assume that reform dynamics follow a similar logic across distinct policy arenas. Analysis of the dynamics of capital account and trade liberalization in 19 Latin American countries between 1985 and 1999 demonstrates otherwise. Movement toward liberalization is shaped systematically by the timing and salience of each reform’s distributional costs, and partisan political dynamics. In turn, the timing and magnitude of costs are mediated by the economic context, while salience depends on the informational environment. Our findings thus differ from the conventional wisdom on several scores, particularly by emphasizing the ways in which good rather than bad economic conditions can facilitate reforms, the conditionality of legislative politics of reform enactment on whether reforms are characterized by ex ante conflict or fears of ex post blame, and how the type of reform induces conditions partisan influences.
Studies on radiosensitization of Escherichia coli cells by cis-platinum complexes.

Abstract We recently reported that the antitumor drug cis -Pt(NH 3 ) 2 CI 2 (cis-DDP) produces significant radiosensitization of anoxic E Coli C cells 7 . We have extended these studies to three other platinum drugs, all of which have been shown to be more effective antitumor drugs than cis -DDP. The drugs are: cis -dichloro bis(ethylene imine) Pt(II) ( cis -DEP); cis-dichlorobicyclopentylamine Pt(II) ( cis -PAD); and Pt-thymine blue ( cis -PTB). Survival curve studies indicate that these drugs all produce greater anoxic radiosensitization of E coli C than cis -DDP at concentrations which are less toxic to the cells than similar concentrations of cis -DDP. If the cells are treated with any one of these drugs for two hours and then washed to remove the drug before irradiation, no detectable radiosensitization is found. We conclude that these drugs have the potential for being useful agents in combined modality therapy and that they warrant further study in mammalian systems.
Effects of female hamster vaginal discharge on the behavior of male hamsters

Ability to smell is a prerequisite for normal mating and social behavior in male Syrian golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Four experiments were performed to determine some of the effects of female hamster vaginal discharge, a possible source of socially important pheromones, on the behavior of male hamsters. 1. Male hamsters actively sniff and lick the vaginal discharge from female hamsters during normal courtship and mating. 2. Male hamsters are highly attracted to the odor from a bottle containing female hamster vaginal discharge, but they do not sexually mount the bottle. 3. Males mount and display other sexual activity toward an anesthetized male hamster scented with vaginal discharge. 4. Males also attempt copulation and show decreased aggression toward active male hamsters scented with vaginal discharge.
A self-organizing neural net chip

A circuit has been designed and fabricated which implements a self-organizing algorithm proposed by T. Kohonen (1984). It uses a competitive learning process which modifies weights such that similar input feature vectors are clustered into distinct classes. This network learns without supervision. Matching is accomplished by computing the squared Euclidean distance at each node between the input and the current weight vector. Connections to each node are implemented with multiplying D/A converters. The weights are stored in dynamic RAM registers at each connection. The design minimizes circuit area by using unary encoding in the weight representation to permit the use of shift operations in the adaption process and by sharing the circuits used in weight adaptation and the activation computations. >
Estimation of the aortic pressure waveform from a radial artery pressure waveform via an adaptive transfer function: Feasibility demonstration in swine

We previously proposed a new technique to estimate the physiologically and clinically more relevant central aortic pressure (AP) waveform from a conveniently and safely measured peripheral artery pressure (PAP) waveform distorted by wave reflections. In contrast to conventional generalized transfer function (GTF) techniques, the technique is able to adapt the transfer function relating PAP to AP to the inter-patient and temporal variability of the arterial tree by defining it through a tube model and invoking the fact that aortic flow is negligible during diastole to estimate the unknown model parameters. We conducted feasibility testing of this adaptive transfer function technique here with respect to radial artery pressure (RAP) waveforms, for the first time, as well as femoral artery pressure (FAP) waveforms from four swine instrumented with AP catheters during several hemodynamic conditions. Our results showed that the AP waveforms estimated by the technique from the RAP and FAP waveforms were in superior agreement to the measured AP waveforms (overall respective errors of 4.1 and 4.8 mmHg) than the two unprocessed PAP waveforms (9.1 and 8.1 mmHg) and a previous GTF technique trained on a subset of the same data (5.0 and 5.8 mmHg).
Independent Component Analysis and Evolutionary Algorithms for Building Representative Benchmark Subsets

This work addresses the problem of building representative subsets of benchmarks from an original large set of benchmarks, using statistical analysis techniques. The subsets should be developed in this way to include only the necessary information for evaluating the performance of a computer system or application. The development of representative workloads is not a trivial procedure, since incorrectly selecting benchmarks the representative subset can produce erroneous results. A number of statistical analysis techniques have been developed for identifying representative workloads. The goal of these approaches is to reduce the dimensionality of the original set of benchmarks prior to identifying similar benchmarks. In this work we propose a combination of independent component analysis (ICA) and evolutionary algorithm (EA) as a more efficient way for reducing the computational complexity of the problem and the redundant information of the original set of benchmarks. Experimental results validate that the proposed technique generates more representative workloads than prior techniques.
The efficacy of the placental biopsy

OBJECTIVE: Our purpose was to determine the sensitivity and specificity of pathologic diagnoses made from a placental biopsy specimen compared with diagnoses made from a complete placental examination. STUDY DESIGN: Biopsy was performed on 200 singleton placentas with a 16-gauge Rutner biopsy needle shortly after delivery. The biopsy specimens and placentas were evaluated by standard placental pathologic criteria. RESULTS: The presence of villous edema on the biopsy specimen led to the diagnosis of placental villous edema with a sensitivity of 51% and specificity of 86%, yielding a positive predictive value of 0.97, The sensitivity of the biopsy diagnosis of "increased syncytial knots" was 86%, whereas the specificity was 82%, yielding a positive predictive value of 0.90. CONCLUSIONS: Because a placental biopsy specimen after delivery is reasonably sensitive for diagnosing villous abnormalities that reflect acute and chronic stresses to the placenta, it may be useful to develop a placental biopsy that can be performed safely during pregnancy. Such a biopsy could be the basis for the rational treatment of some diseases of pregnancy. (AM J OBSTET GYNECOL 1995; 173:1084-8.)
The refractory responses of the White Swiss strain of Mus musculus to infection with Taenia taeniaeformis.

Abstract Penetration of intestinal mucosa by oncospheres of Taenia taeniaeformis occurred among three age groups of White Swiss Mus musculus . Highest frequency of penetration was demonstrated among the 10–30 day-old group with the other two older groups, 40–60 and 70–100 days, each having succeedingly less penetration. The invasion process was more cytolytic than ground substance lysis; no difference in this process, or the reaction of the villi to it, was detected among the various age groups. Liver reaction, displayed by the same three age groups against larvae of T. taeniaeformis , was age dependent. Disorganization, loss of larval tissue integrity, and formation of a non-cellular capsule were demonstrated within 48 h in the 10–30 day group, while a rapid cellular response of inflammation and walling-off of larvae was seen in the 40–60 day group. No larvae were observed in the 70–100 day group.
Controlled invariance for discrete-time nonlinear systems with an application to the disturbance decoupling problems

Invariant distributions are defined for discrete-time nonlinear control systems, and necessary and sufficient conditions are given for their controlled invariance. This extends to discrete-time systems the basic tool which has been so important in solving the various synthesis problems for continuous-time systems. To indicate their utility in the discrete-time setting, they are used to locally solve the disturbance decoupling problem.
Multimicroelectrode stimulation within the cat L6 spinal cord: influences of electrode combinations and stimulus interleave time on knee joint extension torque

During multimicroelectrode stimulation within the cat L6 spinal cord, the number of electrodes activated, their separation distance, and the stimulus interleave time all influenced isometric knee joint extension torque. The torque evoked by stimulation with a three electrode combination could be enhanced or suppressed when compared with that evoked by single or paired electrode stimulation. A similar difference was noted when comparing two electrode combination versus single electrode stimulation. Relative fatigue was not improved significantly by interleaving the stimuli from two or three microelectrodes. Compared with the extension torque response evoked by noninterleaved stimulation, torque evoked by interleaved stimulation with the two microelectrode combination was decreased when the electrode distance was 2.0 mm or less and increased when the electrode distance was 3.0 mm. Designing an optimal stimulation strategy for multimicroelectrode spinal cord stimulation will be challenging and complex if a suppression effect among these electrodes is to be avoided. To reduce muscle fatigue, an asynchronous, interleaved strategy of stimulation may be required.
On-demand diversity wireless relay networks

There has been much recent attention on using wireless relay networks to forward data from mobile nodes to a base station. This network architecture is motivated by performance improvements obtained by leveraging the highest quality links to a base station for data transfer. With the advent of agile radios it is possible to improve the performance of relay networks through intelligent frequency assignments. First, it is beneficial if the links of the relay network are orthogonal with respect to each other so that simultaneous transmission on all links is possible. Second, diversity can be added to hops in the relay network to reduce error rates. In this paper we present algorithms for forming such relay networks dynamically. The formation algorithms support intelligent frequency assignments and diversity setup. Our results show that algorithms that order the sequence in which nodes join a relay network carefully, achieve the highest amount of diversity and hence best performance.
Monotonic Limiters for a Second-Order Finite-Volume Advection Scheme Using Icosahedral-Hexagonal Meshes

Abstract An assessment of a recently developed (by Miura) second-order numerical advection scheme for icosahedral-hexagonal grids on the sphere is presented, and the effects of monotonic limiters that can be used with the scheme are examined. The cases address both deformational and nondeformational flow and continuous and discontinuous advected quantities; they include solid-body rotation of a cosine bell and slotted cylinder, and moving dynamic vortices. The limiters of Zalesak, Dukowicz and Kodis, and Thuburn are tested within this numerical scheme. The Zalesak and Thuburn limiters produce solutions with similar accuracy, and the Thuburn limiter, while computationally less expensive per time step, results in more stringent stability conditions for the overall scheme. The Dukowicz limiter is slightly more diffusive than the other two, but it costs the least.
Management of psychotic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease

SUMMARY Parkinson's disease psychosis is a major problem complicating the drug treatment of the motor symptoms of the disease. It is one of the leading causes for nursing home placement, exceeding that of motor dysfunction, and is also a greater stressor for caregivers than motor dysfunction. While there is no approved treatment for this problem, it is important to first exclude medical contributions, such as occult infections, then to reduce psychoactive medications, including the medications for motor symptoms, followed by use of low-dose quetiapine or clozapine, giving the bulk of the dose at bedtime.
Vigencia del pensamiento de Monseñor Sanabria para una teología y política solidaria e inclusiva global

El presente ensayo se propone confrontar los aportes mas caracteristicos del pensamiento y accion pastoral de Mons. Sanabria en el marco de la Iglesia costarricense, preocupada por los graves problemas del hombre y de la sociedad actual. Democracia con justicia solidaria e inclusividad social son pilares de su pensamiento y fermento de toda actual y futura renovacion teologica y politica.
Statistical Estimation of Extreme Loads for the Design of Offshore Wind Turbines During Non-Operational Conditions

The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) design standard (IEC 61400-3) for offshore wind turbines includes a design load case which considers loads on the turbine during extreme conditions, when the wind turbine is not operating and the blades are feathered. The recommendation of this design standard is to simulate 6 one-hour periods, each with wind and wave fields modeled as random processes, and to calculate design loads as the mean of the maximum from the six simulations. Previous studies have investigated this recommendation for fixed bottom offshore wind turbines and raised concerns about the stability of the estimate of the design load calculated using these guidelines. The research presented in this paper calculates statistics of extreme design loads as a function of the number of one-hour simula¬tions considered for three offshore wind turbine support structures: a fixed-bottom turbine supported by a monopile and two floating turbines, a spar buoy and a semi-submersible. The study consi...
Recent respiratory and enteric adenovirus infection in children in the Manchester area.

Abstract Seventy-three group B adenoviruses (29 type 3 and 44 type 7) identified in a recent community outbreak were analysed with restriction endonucleases. Considerable genetic heterogeneity was identified, particularly amongst the type 3 isolates, but this genome variation could not be correlated with either clinical or epidemiological findings. Group F adenoviruses were found in 132 (4.1%) of 3202 stool specimens from children with gastroenteritis and, after rotaviruses, they were the most common viruses identified. Unlike rotaviruses, these enteric adenoviruses were endemic throughout the 3-year study period and the greatest proportion of infections (47.6%) were found in babies under 6 months old.
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors attenuate human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro.

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors have been shown to modulate neutrophil migration. We hypothesized that the NOS inhibitors NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and L-canavanine (L-CAN) also modulate human peripheral blood monocyte chemotaxis. To test this hypothesis, monocyte chemotaxis toward formylmethionylleucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was assessed using a modified blindwell chemotaxis chamber technique. L-NMMA and L-NAME, but not D-NMMA or L-CAN, significantly attenuated fMLP-induced monocyte chemotaxis (P < .05). L-Arginine and sodium nitroprusside, but not D-arginine, reversed NOS inhibitor-induced responses. Dibutryl cyclic guanyl monophosphate (cGMP) attenuated the inhibitory effects of L-NMMA on monocyte chemotaxis (P < .05). Finally, fMLP increased cGMP generation by monocytes, which was significantly attenuated by L-NMMA (P < .05). These data indicate that the L-arginine/NO biosynthetic pathway regulates human monocyte chemotaxis in vitro.
Novel insights from NMR spectroscopy into seasonal changes in the composition of dissolved organic matter exported to the Bering Sea by the Yukon River

Abstract Seasonal (spring freshet, summer–autumn, and winter) variability in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the Yukon River was determined using advanced one- and two-dimensional (2D) solid-state NMR spectroscopy, coupled with isotopic measurements and UV–visible spectroscopy. Analyses were performed on two major DOM fractions, the hydrophobic organic acid (HPOA) and transphilic organic acid (TPIA) fractions obtained using XAD resins. Together these two fractions comprised 64–74% of the total DOM. Carboxyl-rich alicyclic molecules (CRAM) accounted for the majority of carbon atoms in the HPOA (63–77%) and TPIA (54–78%) samples, and more so in winter and summer than in spring samples. 2D and selective NMR data revealed association of abundant nonprotonated O-alkyl and quaternary alkyl C (OC np , OC np O and C q , 13–17% of HPOA and 15–20% of TPIA) and isolated O–CH structures with CRAM, which were not recognized in previous studies. Spectral editing and 2D NMR allowed for the discrimination of carbohydrate-like O-alkyl C from non-carbohydrate O-alkyl C. Whereas two spring freshet TPIA samples contained carbohydrate clusters such as carboxylated carbohydrates (16% and 26%), TPIA samples from other seasons or HPOA samples mostly had small amounts (
Decompression-Induced Encapsulation of Core-philic Solutes by Block Copolymer Micelles in Compressible Solutions: Polystyrene and Polystyrene-block-polybutadiene in Near-Critical Propane

Pressure-tuned propane capacity and selectivity for polystyrene-block-polybutadiene allows for random molecular solutions at high pressures, micellar solutions at moderate pressures, and bulk phase...
Development and Design of a Cost-Efficient Tire Mechanics Testing Apparatus

Most tire models need experimentally obtained data as input for simulation purposes. The study of tire mechanics requires the accuracy and repeatability of a controlled environment. However, the accessibility and cost of tire testing machines make it prohibitive for exploring tire mechanical properties for academic studies. Moreover, most industrial tire testing machines are designed for general tire testing, and would require an extensive amount of time and resources to adapt for academic research. To study tire mechanical behavior for modeling purposes, a tire mechanics test apparatus has been developed at the Center for Vehicle Systems and Safety (CVeSS), Virginia Tech. The tire mechanics test apparatus has been designed as an interchangeable attachment to an existing modular quarter car test rig developed at the Institute for Advanced Learning and Research (IALR) in Danville, Virginia, to save on cost, as well as to maintain repeatability of testing. The physical limitations of maximum tire vertical load for various tire testing machines are also among the main motivations for developing the tire mechanics test apparatus. The current configuration of the tire mechanics test apparatus provides the capability to study the vertical load - deflection characteristics of the tire, as well as the static footprint of the tire under various vertical loads. Future planned enhancements to the setup include the addition of a soil bin and an instrumented rolling drum for tire shear force studies.© 2008 ASME
Relative Weighting of Semantic and Syntactic Cues in Native and Non-Native Listeners' Recognition of English Sentences.

Objective Non-native listeners do not recognize English sentences as effectively as native listeners, especially in noise. It is not entirely clear to what extent such group differences arise from differences in relative weight of semantic versus syntactic cues. This study quantified the use and weighting of these contextual cues via Boothroyd and Nittrouer's j and k factors. The j represents the probability of recognizing sentences with or without context, whereas the k represents the degree to which context improves recognition performance. Design Four groups of 13 normal-hearing young adult listeners participated. One group consisted of native English monolingual (EMN) listeners, whereas the other three consisted of non-native listeners contrasting in their language dominance and first language: English-dominant Russian-English, Russian-dominant Russian-English, and Spanish-dominant Spanish-English bilinguals. All listeners were presented three sets of four-word sentences: high-predictability sentences included both semantic and syntactic cues, low-predictability sentences included syntactic cues only, and zero-predictability sentences included neither semantic nor syntactic cues. Sentences were presented at 65 dB SPL binaurally in the presence of speech-spectrum noise at +3 dB SNR. Listeners orally repeated each sentence and recognition was calculated for individual words as well as the sentence as a whole. Results Comparable j values across groups for high-predictability, low-predictability, and zero-predictability sentences suggested that all listeners, native and non-native, utilized contextual cues to recognize English sentences. Analysis of the k factor indicated that non-native listeners took advantage of syntax as effectively as EMN listeners. However, only English-dominant bilinguals utilized semantics to the same extent as EMN listeners; semantics did not provide a significant benefit for the two non-English-dominant groups. When combined, semantics and syntax benefitted EMN listeners significantly more than all three non-native groups of listeners. Conclusions Language background influenced the use and weighting of semantic and syntactic cues in a complex manner. A native language advantage existed in the effective use of both cues combined. A language-dominance effect was seen in the use of semantics. No first-language effect was present for the use of either or both cues. For all non-native listeners, syntax contributed significantly more to sentence recognition than semantics, possibly due to the fact that semantics develops more gradually than syntax in second-language acquisition. The present study provides evidence that Boothroyd and Nittrouer's j and k factors can be successfully used to quantify the effectiveness of contextual cue use in clinically relevant, linguistically diverse populations.
‘What’s a vendetta?’ Political socialization in the everyday interactions of Los Angeles families

Political socialization is an interdisciplinary subfield that addresses questions surrounding the inter-generational transmission of political engagement, values, and preferences. Through close analysis of face-to-face conversations about political issues, events, and ideas in Los Angeles families, this article brings a linguistic anthropological and conversation analytic perspective to bear on the study of political socialization by demonstrating the key role played by discursive and interactional practices. Children in this corpus take an active role in their own socialization, as they use a range of conversational strategies – particularly questions and repair – to initiate and sustain their participation in political conversations. Parents in this corpus vary widely in their tolerance for and treatment of children’s questions: some parents attempt to shut down or re-orient lines of questioning, while others use children’s questions as teaching moments in which to state values explicitly. Several possi...
Index of Suspicion in the Nursery: Persistent Tachypnea

At 2 days of age, a term female newborn infant is evaluated for tachypnea. She was born at 40 weeks’ gestation, with birthweight 4.6 kg, to a 34-year-old G2P2 woman via normal spontaneous vaginal delivery. Maternal history is pertinent for well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus and hypothyroidism treated with levothyroxine. Prenatal laboratories are significant for group B Streptococcus positivity for which the mother was adequately treated. All other prenatal laboratories are unremarkable. The delivery was complicated by a nuchal cord and apnea requiring positive pressure ventilation for 10 seconds. Apgar scores were 6 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes. A review of her vital signs from the newborn nursery reveal the following: heart rate, 128 beats per minute; respiratory rate, 52 breaths per minute; and oxygen saturation, 89% in room air that had improved without supplemental oxygen. Her respiratory rate is 82 breaths per minute, and pre- and postductal oxygen saturations are 97% in room air. On physical examination, she is consistently tachypneic, as noted by multiple caregivers, with minimal subcostal retractions but without grunting or flaring. The remainder of her examination is within normal limits. Basic metabolic panel, capillary blood gas, and complete blood count are all normal. A chest radiograph is read as unremarkable (Fig 1A). Blood cultures are drawn, but given a low risk for sepsis, antibiotics are not started. A cardiologist is consulted for sustained tachypnea and a new grade I/VI systolic murmur in the left lower sternal border. An echocardiogram …
Deepen the Understanding of Bridging the Gap between Town and Country

The essence of the difference between town and countryside is the slower economic and social development of the countryside than that of the town. Such a step meets the requirement of our all-round realization of social modernization and national stability. Being a complicated social systematic task, it needs the joint effort of our government, town and countryside. To narrow down the difference between town and countryside depends on the government, who is expected to play a dominant role by carrying out new policies concerning the difference.
Physical Correlates of Torture Exposure in Karen Refugees

ABSTRACTWe explored associations between torture history and physical health symptoms of 111 Karen refugees newly arrived to the United States. We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of electronic health data collected at the initial refugee health-screening exam. Unique to this analysis was the exploration of relationships between torture exposure, war trauma, and presenting physical and psychological health issues. We identified no unique effects of torture on physical health above and beyond trauma exposure. Overall, in our sample we found a high prevalence of underlying infectious conditions, pain, and hypercholesterolemia, regardless of torture exposure. We discuss effects of war trauma and torture experiences on physical exam findings and implications for future research.
Analysis and Replication Studies of Prehistoric Chinese Ceramics from the Qijia Culture

Eleven ancient Chinese ceramics from the early Bronze Age Qijia culture (c. 2200 – 1600 BCE) in the collection of the Harvard Art Museums were the subject of an interdisciplinary research project to explore questions about manufacturing techniques, specifically details of formation and decoration. While the Qijia culture, centered in the Gansu and Qinghai provinces of northwest China, is historically important as one of the earliest metalworking cultures of China and as a center of intercultural communication between China and central Asia, detailed scholarship about the culture is still emerging. Qijia ceramics have been categorized by typology, but little has been done regarding methods of manufacture. This study used visual examination and digital X-radiography to investigate ceramic production, especially the use of a wheel. In addition, the ceramic paste, including natural inclusions and temper, was examined. While film radiography has often been used to study ceramics, digital radiography presented new capabilities as well as challenges. Experimentation through the making of test vessels and tiles at the Harvard Ceramics Program provided additional insights into Qijia ceramics’ manufacture and surface decoration techniques, often described as cord-impressed.