cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward a formalism for the automation of neural network construction and processing control

This research introduces an object-oriented toolkit for the construction and execution of neural network simulations. The basis for the toolkit is the object-oriented representation, termed SEEDs, of the fundamental computational components of neural network simulations: processing elements (neurons) and interconnections. By identifying object-oriented encapsulation structures for the definition and the execution of these neural network simulation components, the details of the components are isolated and hidden. As a result, the simulation components can be easily reconfigured and reprogramming the simulation is thereby facilitated. Furthermore, the SEED encapsulation structures are the keystone to automatic interconnection assignment based upon calculations derived within the support toolkit. Given the distributed complexity of real-world applications of neural network models, simulations of neural networks on sequential machines are often used to determine appropriate distributed architectures. These simulations on sequential machines are typically encoded by sequential algorithms. Although the effects of executing neural networks can be expressed in the form of individual elements contributing to an overall sequential algorithm, in reality the algorithm is implicit in the combination of local computations and a connection architecture linking the local computations together. The strength of the representation defined in this dissertation is based upon the view that neural networks do not explicitly run sequential algorithms; rather neural networks are considered as a distributed collection of interconnected processing elements which perform computations by the combined effects of a collection of interacting local computations. This explicit representation provides for individually changing either the network connection architecture or the local computations. The result is that changes in the effective algorithm can be produced without an explicit re-programming of the algorithm; the encapsulation structures are merely rearranged in a declarative fashion. Neural networks can, thereby, be tailored to specific applications without writing programs. This representational approach differs from other approaches to neural network development toolkits because of the combination of structured data encapsulation and automatic interconnection assignment and because it defines a description language which is closely allied with network descriptions rather than programming constructs. The validity of the encapsulation structures is demonstrated through the creation of neocognitrons for pattern recognition applications and Hopfield-type networks for route-planning applications. Future research will enhance the design support facilities provided in the prototype toolkit.
Acute Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis

The experience at University Hospitals of Cleveland and Children's Hospital of Akron with fifty cases of acute slipped capital femoral epiphysis is reviewed. In forty-seven hips treated by manipulative reduction and epiphyseodesis, pin fixation, or both, seven cases of avascular necrosis occurred (15 per cent). In nineteen hips treated by manipulative reduction, epiphyseodesis, and plaster immobilization, one case of avascular necrosis occurred (5 per cent), and seventeen (90 per cent) satisfactory functional results were obtained. In sixteen hips treated by manipulative reduction and pin fixation, three cases of avascular necrosis occurred (25 per cent), and twelve (75 per cent) satisfactory functional results were obtained. No case of avascular necrosis occurred in eight patients treated by manipulative reduction within twenty-four hours of the onset of acute symptoms. No case of avascular necrosis occurred in a female patient.
The Roles of Style in George Campbell's Sermon on The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance

While George Campbell9s Philosophy of Rhetoric is widely recognized as one of the most influential treatises in the history of rhetoric, little critical attention has been paid to one of his most famous sermons: "The Nature, Extent, and Importance of the Duty of Allegiance." Delivered on December 12, 1776, "being the fast day appointed by the King on account of the rebellion in America," this sermon exemplifies a key contention in Campbell9s Philosophy of Rhetoric —that the species of rhetoric "calculated to influence the will, and persuade us to a certain conduct" is "that artful mixture" of "the argumentative and the pathetic incorporated together" (2–4). Taking its cue from the importance of style in Campbell9s conception of rhetoric, this essay examines the significant role played by style in both the argumentative and pathetic dimensions of Campbell9s sermon and reminds us that rhetorical theories have historically been conceived as means of managing social tensions and the uncertainties within which they arise.
Higher coordinate gold(I) complexes with the weak Lewis base tri(4-fluorophenyl) phosphine. Synthesis, structural, luminescence, and DFT studies

Abstract The structures and spectroscopic properties of two high coordinate gold(I) phosphine complexes with the TFFPP=tri(4-fluorophenyl)phosphine ligand are reported. Synthesis in a 1:3 metal to ligand ratio provided the compound [AuCl(TFFPP) 3 ] ( 2 ) that crystallize in the P 1 ¯ space group, where the asymmetric unit consists of three independent molecules. In all three sites, two sets of bond angles display distinctly different ranges. The three P–Au–P angles have average values of 117.92°, 117.57°, and 114.78° for sites A, B, and C, with the corresponding P–Au–Cl angles of 98.31°, 99.05°, and 103.38°, respectively. The chloride ion coordinates as the fourth ligand, at the corresponding Au–Cl distance of 2.7337, 2.6825, and 2.6951 A for the three sites. This distance is longer by 0.40–0.45 A than the Au–Cl distance found in the mono TFFPP complex 1 (2.285 A) indicating a weakening of the Au–Cl interaction as the coordination number increases. In compound 3 , [Au(TFFPP) 3 ]Cl·½CH 2 Cl 2· H 2 O, the structure consists of three phosphine ligands bound to the gold(I) atom, but the Cl − exists as uncoordinated counter anion. The structural differences observed in the two complexes are attributable to crystal-packing effects caused by the introduction of H-bonding as well as enhanced intra and inter-molecular π-interaction in 3 . The photoluminescence of the complexes compared with that of the ligand show ligand centered emission perturbed by the metal coordination. Theoretical DFT studies conducted on these complexes supports assignments of the electronic transitions observed in these systems.
Multi-millennial Record of Erosion and Fires in the Southern Blue Ridge Mountains, USA

Bottomland sediments from the southern Blue Ridge Mountains provide a coarse-resolution, multi-millennial stratigraphic record of past regional forest disturbance (soil erosion). This record is represented by 12 separate vertical accretion stratigraphic profiles that have been dated by radiocarbon, luminescence, cesium-137, and correlation methods continuously spanning the past 3,000 years of pre-settlement (pre-dating widespread European American settlement) and post-settlement strata. Post-settlement vertical accretion began in the late 1800s, appears to be about an order of magnitude faster than pre-settlement rates, and is attributable to widespread deforestation for timber harvest, farming, housing development, and other erosive activities of people. Natural, climate-driven, or non-anthropic forest disturbance is subtle and difficult to recognize in pre-settlement deposits. There is no indication that pre-settlement Mississippian and Cherokee agricultural activities accelerated erosion and sedimentation in the region. A continuous 11,244 years before present (BP) vertical accretion record from a meander scar in the Upper Little Tennessee River valley indicates abundant charcoal (prevalent fires) at the very beginning of the Holocene (11,244–10,900 years BP). In contrast, moderate to very low levels of charcoal are apparent over the remaining Holocene until about 2,400 years BP when charcoal influx registers a pronounced increase. These data are consistent with the idea that Native Americans used fire extensively to manage forests and to expanded agricultural activities during Woodland and later cultural periods over the past 3000 years. However, there is no indication that prehistoric intentional use of fire and agriculture caused accelerated erosion and sedimentation.
Agricultural College Courses for Rural Appraisers

The content of this paper is based in part upon experience in giving a course in farm appraisals at the College of Agriculture, University of Illinois, beginning in the fall of 1933. It appeared at that time that a course sufficiently comprehensive to cover the very broad and intricate field of farm appraisals could best be given by a committee representing the various departments of the College. That plan has been followed and we believe has been justified in the results secured. Not only have members of the committee had a very active part in the teaching of this course but other members of the staff have contributed.
Relationship Between Nutrition and Reproduction in Beef Cattle

The primary nutrient consideration for optimum reproductive performance in beef cattle is energy. Low energy intake delays the onset of puberty in heifers and bulls. Heifers should reach approximately 66 per cent of mature body weight by 14 to 15 months of age and be bred 30 days prior to breeding the main cow herd. Body conditioning scores (BCS) (1 = emaciated, 9 = obese) should be used to evaluate pregnant cows entering their third trimester. Cows should calve with body conditioning score 5 to 7. Forage quality and environmental factors influence maximum dry matter intake and nutrient requirements and must be considered in the clinical setting. Crude protein dietary content should be 11 to 12 per cent for lactating beef cattle. Mineral (calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride) nutrition is not a major cause of decreased reproductive performance in beef cattle. Trace mineral deficiencies (particularly selenium, copper, and zinc) can cause decreased reproductive performance. Diagnosis of these trace mineral deficiencies can be confirmed by elemental analysis of blood or tissues.
Physician and Parent Perspectives on Psychosocial and Emotional Data Entry in the Electronic Medical Record in a Pediatric Setting.

Objective:This pilot study was conducted to evaluate physician and patient preferences for documentation of emotional and psychosocial information in the electronic medical record (EMR).Methods:Ped...
Morphology and Thermodynamic Properties of a Copolymer with an Electronically Conducting Block: Poly(3-ethylhexylthiophene)-block-poly(ethylene oxide)

We report on the synthesis and morphology of a block copolymer, poly(3-(2'-ethylhexyl)thiophene)-b-poly(ethylene oxide) (P3EHT-b-PEO), that conducts both electrons and ions. We show that in the melt state the P3EHT-b-PEO chains self-assemble to produce traditional nanoscale morphologies such as lamellae and gyroid. This is in contrast to a majority of previous studies on copolymers with electronically conducting blocks wherein a nanofibrillar morphology is obtained. Our approach enables estimation of the Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, χ. The segregation strength between the two blocks is controlled through the addition of lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). For the salt-free sample, the gyroid morphology, obtained in the melt state, is transformed into lamellae below the melting temperature of the P3EHT block. This is due to the "breaking out" of the crystalline phase. For the salt-containing sample, P3EHT-b-PEO has a lamellar morphology in both melt and crystalline states (confined crystallization).
(BMI)3LnCl6 crystals as models for the coordination environment of LnCl3 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Dy, Er, Yb) in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic-liquid solution.

A series of (BMI)3LnCl6 (Ln = Sm, Eu, Dy, Er, Yb) crystals was prepared from solutions of LnCl3 dissolved in the ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMICl). Crystals with Ln = 5% Sm + 95% Gd and with Ln = 5% Dy + 95% Gd were also grown to assess the importance of cross-relaxation in the Sm and Dy samples. The crystals are isostructural, with monoclinic space group P21/c and four formula units per unit cell. The first coordination sphere of Ln3+ consists of six Cl– anions forming a slightly distorted octahedral LnCl63– center. The second coordination sphere is composed of nine BMI+ cations. The emission spectra and luminescence lifetimes of both (BMI)3LnCl6 crystals and LnCl3 in BMICl solution were measured. The spectroscopic similarities suggest that crystalline (BMI)3LnCl6 provides a good model of the Ln3+ coordination environment in BMICl solution.
Epidemiological characteristics of students' notifiable infectious diseases in Qiannan Prefecure in Guizhou Province in 2012

[Objective]To understand the epidemic features students' notifiable infectious diseases in Qiannan Prefecure in Guizhou Province in 2012,and provide scientific basis for effectively reducing the incidence of infectious diseases.[Methods]The 2012 surveillance data of infectious diseases of Qiannan Prefecure students from Disease Reporting Information System were analyzed by descriptive epidemiology.[Results] The morbidity rate among was Qiannan Prefecure students 67.07 / 100 000.The mortality rate was 0.062 /100 000 and the fatality rate was 0.093%.The students cases accounted for 12.82% of all cases from the whole population in Qiannan Prefecture.The top 5 infectious diseases according to the morbidity were HFMD,mumps,tuberculosis,dysentery and viral hepatitis,which accounted for 90.06% of total case.The mortal diseases were rabies and epidemic encephalitis B,with 1 case of each kind.The death cases accounted for 1.27% of all death cases in Qiannan Prefecure.There were cases reported throughout the year and the seasonal peak varied depend on different infectious diseases,It decreased to the lowest in February,the peak incidence was in May and November.The cases of children aged 2-6 accounted for 45.43% of the total cases of students,but the age groups with peak incidence of different infectious disease were not the same.[Conclusion]The main notifiable infectious diseases among students are respiratory diseases.It is necessary to strengthen prevention and control of infectious diseases in school.
Analysis on Adjuvant Efficacy of Mycobacterium Vaccae on Treatment of New Smear-positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective To observe and evaluate the effect of mycobacterium vaccae combined with conventional chemotherapy drugs in the treatment of new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods Three hundred and two new smear-positive TB patients were randomly divided into treatment group and control group(each n=151).The treatment group received 2HRZE/4H3R3 plus mycobacterium vaccae treatment for 6 months and the control group only received 2HRZE/4H3R3 treatment for 6 months.The absorption rate of lung lesions,the sputum conversion rate and the adverse reactions of mycobacterium vaccae were observed.Result The differences of lung lesions absorption rate of two groups at the end of 2,4 and 6 months of treatment were statistically significant(P0.05).The lung lesions absorption rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group.The differences of sputum conversion rate of two groups at the end of 2,3,5 and 6 months of treatment were statistically significant(P0.05).The sputum conversion rate of treatment group was significantly higher than that of control group.No serious adverse reactions were observed in receiving Mycobacterium vaccae treatment.Conclusions Mycobacterium vaccae combined with conventional chemotherapy drugs can significantly enhance the effect of conventional drugs on new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.It helps to improve absorption of lung lesions and sputum conversion rate,and moreover has a good security.Mycobacterium vaccae can be used as adjuvant therapy on new smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients.
AN ALGORITHM OF DOUBLE-DIRECTION CUPPING ITERATED INTERACTION FOR LINE SEGMENT AND B-SPLINE CURVE

The intersection between the line segment and the B-splina curve is one of the basic problems in CAD/CAM. Because of nonlinear curves, to determine the intersections rapidly is an important task. Based on the character of the B-spline curve and half-plane for the line a double-direction clipping iterated algorithem ia presented here. Comparing with other algorithms, this one is rapid and simple, and can applied to the intersection for two B-splines.
Visual abstract rule learning by 3- and 4-month-old infants.

Infants’ ability to detect and generalize abstract rules (e.g., ABB, ABA) in auditory stimuli has been well documented, however their ability to do so from visual stimuli has received considerably less attention. Moreover, the few studies reported suggest that this kind of learning is especially sensitive to details of the experimental design. Here, we focus on 3to 4-month-old infants (N=40) to identify both the origins of visual abstract rule learning in infancy and the conditions that best support it. Our results provide the earliest evidence to date, documenting that by 3 months of age, infants successfully learn and generalize rules in the visual modality. They also reveal that providing infants with an opportunity to examine the stimuli simultaneously may be instrumental to their success.
Destruction of cytochrome P-450 by olefins: N-alkylation of prosthetic heme.

Destruction of phenobarbital-inducible cytochrome P-450 during metabolism of 4-ethyl-1-hexene and ethylene results in accumulation of abnormal hepatic porphyrins. Field desorption mass spectrometric analysis of these "green" porphyrins has shown that they are 1:1:1 stoichiometric adducts of protoporphyrin IX (isolated as the dimethyl ester), the olefin in question, and an oxygen atom. The electronic absorption spectra of the adducts, as both free bases and zinc complexes, are virtually superimposable with the corresponding spectra of the dimethyl ester (DME) of synthetic N-methylprotoporphyrin IX. The zinc complexes of both N-methylprotoporphyrin IX (DME) and the 4-ethyl-1-hexene adduct exhibit mass spectrometric molecular ions attributable to the porphyrin plus zinc plus a chloride ion, although evidence for thermal generation of protoporphyrin IX (DME) from both of these porphyrins in the mass spectrometer is provided. These results establish that N-alkylation of prosthetic heme during attempted metabolism of olefinic bonds is the cause of cytochrome P-450 destruction. They also suggest that N-(2-hydroxyethyl)protoporphyrin IX (dimethyl ester) is the probable structure of the ethylene adduct.
Role of Anticoagulation in Patients with Inferior Vena Cava Filter but with No Risk Factor or History of DVT/PE

Abstract Abstract 4317 Introduction: Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) filters have been available for almost 40 years but their clinical utility and safety have not been completely evaluated in patients with no previous history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). The role of anticoagulation in patients with IVC filter with no history of DVT/PE is questionable. In this study, we try to determine if there is a role or benefit from anticoagulation in patients with an IVC filter placed but without any other risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE). Methods: we retrospectively reviewed the charts of 562 patients who had an IVC filter placed between 2003 and 2005. 442 patients were excluded because they had a history of DVT/PE, or because of a hypercoagulable state (genetic predisposition, prolonged hospitalization/immobilization, surgery, or malignancy). Of the 120 remaining patients included in this study, 6 had their IVC filter removed. And therefore we only analyzed the charts of 114 patients who had a permanent IVC filter placed for prophylactic reasons. Group 1 consisted of 17 patients who received different forms of anticoagulation (subcutaneous heparin, low molecular weight heparin or coumadin). Group 2 consisted of the remaining 97 patients who did not receive any form of anticoagulation. Results: 2 out of 17 patients in group 1 had a DVT and 14 out of 97 patients in group 2 had a DVT. The incidence of DVT was 11.8% in group 1 versus 14.4% in group 2 (p-value 0.770). The median onset of DVT/PE after IVC filter placement was 31 days. The median time of follow up was 77.33 months. Conclusion: Patients who had a permanent prophylactic IVC filter placed but with no history or risk factors for DVT/PE appear to be at an elevated risk for new DVT/PEs. In these patients, the role of anticoagulation is questionable. With a median 6 year follow up, anticoagulation seemed to non significantly lower the risk of DVT/PE. Larger randomized prospective trials are needed to examine the efficacy and duration of anticoagulation in patients with a prophylactic IVC filter placed. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Coarctation of the Aorta: Lifelong Surveillance Is Mandatory Following Surgical Repair

Objectives The objective of our study was to review the long-term outcomes of patients undergoing surgical repair of aortic coarctation. Background Surgical repair of aortic coarctation has been performed at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, for over 60 years. Methods Between 1946 and 2005, 819 patients with isolated coarctation of the aorta underwent primary operative repair. Medical records were reviewed and questionnaires mailed to the patients. Results Mean age at repair was 17.2 ± 13.6 years. The majority (83%) had pre-operative hypertension. Operations included simple and extended end-to-end anastomosis (n = 632), patch angioplasty (n = 72), interposition grafting (n = 49), bypass grafting (n = 30), and subclavian flap or “other” (n = 35). Overall early mortality ( 20 yrs) and pre-operative hypertension were associated with decreased survival (p Conclusions Primary repair of isolated coarctation of the aorta was performed with a low rate of mortality. However, long-term survival was reduced compared with that in an age- and sex-matched population, and many patients required further reoperation. These findings emphasize that patients with aortic coarctation need early recognition and intervention, as well as lifelong informed follow-up.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress Promotes Atherosclerosis and Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Aged Mice.

Rationale—Mitochondrial oxidative stress (mitoOS) has been shown to be increased in various cell types in human atherosclerosis and with aging. However, the role of cell type–specific mitoOS in ath...
Physiological processes associated with salinity tolerance in an alfalfa half-sib family

We previously reported an alfalfa half-sib family, HS-B, with improved salt tolerance, compared to parental plants, P-B. In this study, we conducted additional experiments to address potential physiological mechanisms that may contribute to salt tolerance in HS-B. Vegetatively propagated HS-B and P-B plants were treated with a nutrient solution (control) or a nutrient solution containing NaCl (EC = 12 dS/m). Shoots and roots were harvested at various time points after treatment for quantification of proline, soluble sugar, and H2O2 using spectrophotometers. Subcellular localization and quantification of Na in roots were conducted using a Na+-specific dye under a confocal microscope. HS-B produced 86 and 89% greater shoot and root dry biomass, respectively, compared to parental plants, P-B, under salinity in the greenhouse. Under saline conditions the HS-B shoots accumulated 115% and roots 55% more soluble sugars than P-B counterparts. The non-saline HS-B shoots, however, showed 72% less soluble sugars than the non-saline P-B plants. Under saline conditions HS-B accumulated 39% less proline in shoots, while roots accumulated 56% more proline, compared to their P-B parents. HS-B plants also showed a greater reduction of stomatal conductance under mild saline stress. HS-B shoots and roots contained 3–4 times less reactive oxygen species (H2O2) after salt treatment compared to P-B plants. Sodium localization and distribution analysis using Na+-specific dye revealed HS-B plants accumulated 88% and 48% less Na+ in stele and xylem vessels compared to P-B. The study provides insights into the potential mechanisms that may contribute to salt tolerance in HS-B: maintaining RWC by accumulating soluble sugars while reducing transpiration, maintaining healthy status by reducing oxidative stresses, and preventing salt toxicity by reducing accumulation of Na+ inside root cells and xylem.
Supplemental Learning in the Laboratory: An Innovative Approach for Evaluating Knowledge and Method Transfer

The Multi-Rule Quality Control System (MRQCS) is a tool currently employed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to evaluate and compare laboratory performance. We have applied the MRQCS to a comparison of instructor-led and computer-led prelaboratory instruction for a supplemental learning experiment. Students in general chemistry and analytical chemistry from both two- and four-year institutions performed two laboratory experiments as part of their normal laboratory curriculum. The first laboratory experiment was a foundational learning experiment in which all of the students were introduced to the Beer–Lambert law and spectrophotometric light absorbance measurements. The foundational learning experiment was instructor-led only, and participant performance was evaluated against a mean characterized value. The second laboratory experiment was a supplemental learning experiment in which students were asked to build upon the methodology they learned in the foundational learning experiment...
Quantitation of Infliximab and Detection of Antidrug Antibodies in Serum by Use of Surface Plasmon Resonance

Background: Monitoring infliximab (IFX) concentrations and the presence of antidrug antibodies (ADA) is important for patient management. We developed a method to measure IFX and ADA in serum in a single injection using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Methods: Using the Bio-Rad ProteOn XPR36, tumor necrosis factor-α and IFX were covalently immobilized onto separate lanes of a chip surface. Diluted serum was injected over both lanes, followed by an injection of goat antihuman antibody. The binding response was used to quantify IFX or detect ADA. The analytical performance of the assay was determined. Using 50 patient samples, SPR results were compared with results from a reporter gene assay (RGA). Results: For the quantification of IFX, the functional sensitivity was 0.5 μg/mL. The total precision was R = 0.862), but a bias was observed (slope = 0.61). SPR detected 14 ADA-positive samples. Compared with RGA for ADA detection, there were 6 true-positive, 8 false-positive, 5 false-negative, and 31 true-negative findings. Conclusion: SPR can be used to measure biological drug concentrations and detect ADA in serum. This technique may provide complementary information to current methods used to detect ADA.
A new window into psychosis: The rise digital phenotyping, smartphone assessment, and mobile monitoring.

Abstract This commentary piece discusses recent advances in the use of mobile technologies like smartphone and wearable sensors for schizophrenia research. By framing both the opportunities as well as challenges for the field, this piece aims to frame the both current and future research efforts.
The Ungendered Self: Sex Reassignment, the Third Gender, and Gender Fluidity in India

In this chapter, Ewing and Taylor examine how individuals in India negotiate contradictory and politicized possibilities for narrating the ambivalently gendered self. Ewing and Taylor focus on members of the Bengali middle class (bhadralok) who have gone through sex reassignment surgery to transition from the status of “man” to “woman.” They examine tensions among three different ways of understanding gender and its relationship to the self: the concepts of transsexual/transgender, the third gender, and gender fluidity. They focus on middle-class transitions because the bhadralok were shaped by colonial ideologies of power and gender. Today middle-class transsexuals must negotiate a transnational medical discourse that generates a rationale for SRS in terms of a rigid gender binary, which is in tension with Hindu traditions of gender fluidity.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Putative Marine Pathogen Aquimarina sp. Strain I32.4.

ABSTRACT Aquimarina sp. strain I32.4 (formerly Aquimarina sp. ‘homaria’) is a putative pathogen involved in epizootic shell disease in the American lobster (Homarus americanus). We report here the draft genome sequence for Aquimarina sp. strain I32.4 and describe virulence factors that may provide insight into its mechanism of pathogenicity.
Minkowski’s “Space and Time”

This chapter is a critical reading of the published version of Minkowski’s 1908 Cologne address, in which the concept of four-dimensional spacetime was publically unveiled. Cosgrove places Minkowski’s endeavors in relativity theory in the context of formalism-driven “Gottingen science” of the early twentieth century. Turning to Minkowski’s four-dimensional kinematics, Cosgrove sees the latter as simply a formal-mathematical representation of Einstein’s 1905 special relativity with no physical coherence or additional physical insight beyond Einstein’s theory. Cosgrove finds Minkowski’s four-dimensional vector formulation of relativistic mechanics to be once again merely of formal-mathematical significance with no physical intelligibility.
Mackey’s theory and the true representations of the Galilei group

Mackey’s theory of induced representations is used to construct the true irreducible representations of the universal covering group of the Galilei group. The invariant subgroup used in the present work is generated by the space translations and the accelerations. This treatment gives a deeper insight into the structure of the problem and is a useful footnote to the work of E. Inonu and E. P. Wigner and also to the work of A. S. Wightman. In the Appendix, we summarize the results obtained in applying Mackey’s theory to the projective representations and the reduction of their products.
Infants of alcoholic mothers

The effects of long-term maternal ethanol ingestion upon subsequent offspring have been noted, both in human subjects and in animal experiments. These studies are reviewed. Poor maternal nutrition as well as other modes of alcohol’s action on the fetus are considered. More data are needed regarding both incidence and effects of this possibly widespread fetal hazard.
Mitochondrial glutathione and methyl iodide-induced neurotoxicity in primary neural cell cultures.

The status of both cytosolic and mitochondrial glutathione was studied in primary cultured cerebrocortical cells from fetal mice using the selective membrane-solubilizing properties of digitonin and after exposure to the monohalomethane methyl iodide. A correlation was found between cell injury (assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage 24 hr after exposure) and early loss of mitochondrial glutathione (2 hr after exposure), while cell death did not appear directly dependent on cytosolic glutathione depletion
Long-Term Tracking Algorithm with the Combination of Multi-feature Fusion and YOLO

In recent year correlation filtering based algorithms have achieved significant performance in tracking. In traditional, the previous frame has been trained in order to get the prediction position of the next frame. However, in experiments we find that once the present frame drifts, the latter frame will be affected and accumulate error, which can cause the loss of the target eventually. In that case, the tracker cannot track a target for a long time. To solve these problems and design an efficient long-term tracking algorithm, we propose a long-term tracking algorithm by combining the short-term tracker and the YOLO v2 detector. We use the SURF algorithm to get the similarity of the tracking result and the current contrast template, once the similarity is lower than a threshold, the YOLO v2 will be activated and find the right target through a three-stage cascade selecting mechanism we designed before, then the short-term tracker will be restarted and the contrast template will be updated. In this way, the short-term tracker can be transformed to a long-term tracker which is able to track a target for a long time in complex circumstance. Besides, we also adopt the compound feature to improve our short-term tracker, so our algorithm has better accuracy and robustness. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on large-scale benchmark datasets.
Integrating wearables with cloud-based communication for health monitoring and emergency assistance

Abstract Researchers and physicians have come a long way in inventing various types of wearable devices for health monitoring which makes it easier for medical professionals to monitor patients. Considering a situation, when a patient is driving, his/her health cannot be monitored or assisted immediately in case of emergency due to enormous drawbacks in the communication or the reporting system which is of today’s prime issue. The cloud-based communication helps solving the issue to some extent but inventing an application to integrate any wearable device to the Internet of things (IoT) and the cloud, considering portability and robustness will solve the prime issue. In this paper, we demonstrate a prototype working model along with the healthdetect iOS app for monitoring health data (heart rate) using wearables, if a serious heart rate data is detected by this app, from proximity sensor on the wearables, the microcontroller in the vehicle enables the healthlocateapp to locate and route to the nearest hospitals for the driver to drive. If the condition is critical and he/she is not responding for in-vehicle button press or driver related activity, then the microcontroller sends CAN message to activate the auto pilot to pull over for assistance.
Clear cell acanthoma (CCA)-like lesions of the nipple/areola: A clinicopathological study of 12 cases supporting a nonneoplastic eczematous disease.

Background Clear cell acanthoma (CCA) of the nipple/areola has been reported. The CCA-like histology more likely represents a feature of eczematous dermatitis of the nipple/areola. Objective We reviewed cases of CCA-like lesions of the nipple/areola and compared them with classic CCA to clarify their relationship. Methods The clinicopathological features of 12 cases of CCA-like lesions of the nipple/areola were compared with classic CCA. The literature on this condition was reviewed, and the results of various treatments were analyzed. Results CCA-like lesions of the nipple/areola were clinically different from those of classic CCA. Although they shared the glycogen-rich clear epidermal cells with neutrophilic exocytosis, dermal eosinophils appeared to be a distinctive feature. The anatomic site and association with atopic dermatitis suggested that CCA-like lesions of nipple/areola might represent a manifestation of atopic eczema involving nipple/areola. Topical steroids could be effective. Limitations This was a retrospective study with limited cases. Conclusions Although CCA-like lesions of the nipple/areola shared histopathological features with classic CCA, their clinical changes were consistent with dermatitis. We propose to name this condition CCA-like eczematous dermatitis of the nipple/areola.
Extravagant Bodies: Abjection in Art, Visual Culture and the Classroom

Individually, collectively, and culturally, bodies ooze, spurt, and explode beyond their boundaries. Psychoanalyst Julia Kristeva (Powers of Horror: An Essay on Abjection (L. Roudiez, Trans.). New York: Columbia University Press, 1982) explains that this excessiveness elicits not disgust but abjection, a state of simultaneous discomfort and pleasure, of fascinated victimhood. She identifies abjection as a prerequisite for ego formation and psychological development. Scholars have argued that the abject can apply to the sociocultural body as well as the personal. Within that social body, the abject appears in art, popular media, and children’s toys, creating a zone of transgressive pleasure and a powerful space of resistance. Weaving together K-12 interviews with a broad look at fine art and contemporary sites of visual culture, this chapter looks at the generative potential of extravagant bodies that push our limits and redefine our boundaries.
Orientation mapping with Kikuchi patterns generated from a focused STEM probe and indexing with commercially available EDAX software

Abstract Relating a crystal's microscopic structure—such as orientation and size—to a material's macroscopic properties is of great importance in materials science. Although most crystal orientation microscopy is performed in the scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM)-based methods have a number of benefits, including higher spatial resolution. Current TEM orientation methods have either specific hardware requirements or use software that has limited scope, utility, or availability. In this article, a technique is described for orientation mapping using Kikuchi diffraction patterns generated from a focused STEM probe. One key advantage is that indexing and analysis of the patterns and maps occurs in the robust OIM Analysis software, currently widely used for electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and transmission Kikuchi diffraction (TKD) analysis. It was found that with minimal to no image processing and by changing only a few software parameters, reliable indexing of Kikuchi patterns is possible. Three samples, a deformed β-Titanium (Ti), a medium carbon heat-treated steel, and BaCe0.8Y0.2O3-δ were tested to determine the effectiveness of the approach. In all three measurements the algorithms effectively and reliably determined the phases and the crystal orientations of the features measured. For the two orientation maps produced, less than 5% of the patterns were misindexed including boundary areas where overlapping patterns existed. An angular resolution of 0.15° was achieved while features
Tropomyosin 3.1 Association With Actin Stress Fibers is Required for Lens Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition

Purpose Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cause of anterior and posterior subcapsular cataracts. Central to EMT is the formation of actin stress fibers. Selective targeting of actin stress fiber-associated tropomyosin (Tpm) in epithelial cells may be a means to prevent stress fiber formation and repress lens EMT. Methods We identified Tpm isoforms in mouse immortalized lens epithelial cells and epithelial and fiber cells from whole lenses by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed Sanger sequencing. We focused on the role of one particular tropomyosin isoform, Tpm3.1, in EMT. To induce EMT, we treated cells or native lenses with TGFβ2. To test the function of Tpm3.1, we exposed cells or whole lenses to a Tpm3.1-specific chemical inhibitor, TR100, as well as investigated lenses from Tpm3.1 knockout mice. We examined stress fiber formation by confocal microscopy and assessed EMT progression by analysis of alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) mRNA (real-time RT-PCR), and protein (Western immunoassay [WES]). Results Lens epithelial cells express eight Tpm isoforms. Cell culture studies showed that TGFβ2 treatment results in the upregulation of Tpm3.1, which associates with actin in stress fibers. TR100 prevents stress fiber formation and reduces αSMA in TGFβ2-treated cells. Using an ex vivo lens culture model, TGFβ2 treatment results in stress fiber formation at the basal regions of the epithelial cells. Genetic knockout of Tpm3.1 or treatment of lenses with TR100 prevents basal stress fiber formation and reduces epithelial αSMA levels. Conclusions Targeting specific stress fiber associated tropomyosin isoform, Tpm3.1, is a means to repress lens EMT.
End-of-Life Care in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness.

Background Approximately 4.5% of the population live with serious mental illness (SMI), a term referring to mental health disorders that are chronic, impair function, and require ongoing treatment. People living with SMI are at risk of premature mortality relative to people without SMI. Chronic medical illnesses contribute significantly to mortality among individuals with SMI. The standard of care for individuals with serious medical illnesses includes palliative care. However, the provision of palliative care has not been operationalized for individuals with SMI. Objectives To review existing data on end-of-life and palliative care for individuals with serious medical illness and comorbid serious mental illness. To operationalize the role of the consultation-liaison (C-L) psychiatrist in such care, with a particular eye towards redressing disparities. Methods In this narrative review, we draw upon a review of the literature on end-of-life and palliative care provision for individuals with serious medical illness and comorbid serious medical illness. We also draw upon the experiences of the authors in formulating best practices for the care of such patients. Results Individuals with SMI are at risk of suboptimal end-of-life care. Patient, clinician, and system-level factors all contribute to disparities including decreased access to palliative care, uneven continued engagement with mental health services, and low rates of advance care planning. C-L psychiatrists can use their expertise at the intersection of medicine and psychiatry to address such disparities by (1) correcting misassumptions, (2) promoting advance care planning, (3) engaging long-term caregivers, (4) recognizing social needs, (5) ensuring ongoing access to psychiatric treatment, and (6) addressing suffering. Conclusions There are significant disparities in the end-of-life care of individuals with SMI. C-L psychiatrists have expertise to ally with medical providers and redress these disparities.
Challenges and Prospects of Coulomb Spacecraft Formation Control

Spacecraft formation flying using Coulomb forces is a relatively new technology for spacecraft control and may have application for a wide variety of mission objectives including attitude control, collision avoidance, and orbit perturbation correction. Coulomb-controlled formations appear ideally suited for close formation-flying in high Earth orbits to perform wide field of view imaging missions using separated spacecraft interferometry. This paper discusses the challenges and prospects of developing spacecraft formations utilizing Coulomb forces. Formation flying on the order of tens of meters is very difficult using conventional ion propulsion methods, because the exhaust plumes will quickly interfere with the delicate on-board sensors. The Coulomb forces would allow the relative motion of satellites to be controlled without such contanimations. Since the rise time of the spacecraft charging is on the order of milliseconds, very high bandwidth control is feasible. Further, the fuel efficiency of the control makes very long duration missions possible. Non-Keplerian steady-state orbits are discussed which could be used to generate in-plane or three-dimensional static spacecraft formations. The currently examined static solutions are unstable and require the development of a control strategy. Further, the behavior of a two-satellite Coulomb formation with constant equal or opposite charges is discussed at GEO. A nonlinear, orbit elements-based feedback law is then introduced to control the relative motion within a two-satellite formation by stabilizing the orbit element differences about desired values. Global stability is analytically shown and illustrated through a numerical example. Asymptotic stability is proven for a semimajor axis only control about a circular orbit. The lack of general asymptotic stability with inter-spacecraft Coulomb forces is discussed.
Warfarin dose adjustment required after cannabidiol initiation and titration.

Purpose A case of a possible interaction between cannabidiol and warfarin is presented along with a brief overview of cytochrome enzymes involved in these drugs' metabolism. Summary A 46-year-old male taking warfarin for treatment of a deep venous thrombosis was initiated on a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cannabidiol product (Epidiolex, Greenwich Biosciences) for intractable epilepsy. The patient's International Normalized Ratio (INR) was monitored closely during cannabidiol initiation and dose titration. The patient required a nearly 20% warfarin dose reduction to maintain an INR within the goal range after starting therapy with cannabidiol. There is 1 other case report describing a clinically significant interaction between cannabidiol (specifically Epidiolex) and warfarin in a patient receiving warfarin who was enrolled in a study involving the initiation and titration of cannabidiol; that patient developed a supratherapeutic INR of 6.86 and required a 30% reduction in the weekly warfarin dose to reachieve the goal INR. Conclusion A previously published report suggesting an interaction between cannabidiol and warfarin is supported by this case report. INR should be monitored frequently in patients taking warfarin who begin to take FDA-approved cannabidiol. Additional studies should be performed to clarify the interaction potential of cannabidiol and warfarin.
Inter-organizational information sharing and bundled payment reimbursement: Do hospitals in the US use health information exchange to collaborate?

Abstract Objective The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the greater need for information generated by bundled payment reimbursement and the use of Health Information Exchange (HIE). Methods The study is based on a secondary data analysis using theAmerican Hospital Association (AHA) Healthcare IT Database and the AHA Annual Survey. A logistic regression was used to test the likelihood of hospitals participating in HIE if they were involved in bundled payment reimbursement. Negative binomial, ordered logistic and Poisson regression models were used to determine the associations between bundled payment reimbursement and health information sharing in terms of breadth, volume, and diversity, respectively. Results Hospitals in bundled payment programs were more likely to send and receive information through HIE and tosend information to different types of health providers but not to receive. They were also more likely to exchange different types of health information and to use HIE more often. Conclusions The greater need for collaboration of hospitals participating in bundled payment programs was associated with greater information sharing among organizations through HIE, but different providers involved in the episode of care play different roles in HIE.