cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simulation-based framework for checkpoint design in large-scale crowd management: Case study of the papal mass in philadelphia

Abstract This paper develops a simulation-based framework to assess checkpoint configurations, capacity and attendee regulations in crowd management. The simulation uses the estimated crowd and location layout of the event as inputs, and evaluates the performance of checkpoints in terms of average and maximum wait time, and queue length. Similarly, it estimates the percentage of people that will enter the event when the number of attendees surpasses the capacity of checkpoints. The paper provides relevant policy recommendations and insights for planning and managing large crowds. A case study of the Papal Mass in the World Meeting of Families on September 27th, 2015 illustrates the application of the framework. In this event, a large percentage of attendees waited for hours and could not enter the event. The case study highlights the benefits of having two consecutive security rings for different tasks (e.g., backpack screening and metal detector booths). In the case study, adding a second security ring increases by 22% the number of people who would have been able to enter the event. Results also show the negative impact of allowing attendees to bring backpacks to an event. If that is the case, it is recommended to separate the lines of attendees who carry bags and those who do not carry bags to expedite the process.
9.20 – Hydrogels

Hydrogels are three-dimensional network structures able to imbibe large amounts of water. Hydrogels do not typically dissolve due to chemical or physical cross-links and/or chain entanglements. They exist naturally in the form of polymer networks such as collagen or gelatin, or can be made synthetically. Environmentally sensitive hydrogels can serve a wide variety of applications because of their ability to respond to environmental changes, typically by exhibiting changes in volume. Traditional stimuli that elicit hydrogel response are pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Analytes and biomarkers including glucose, proteins, and DNA also elicit hydrogel responses. Because of such a wide variety of response triggers, hydrogels can be incorporated into sensors or actuators, or can be utilized in controlled drug delivery systems, biosensors, tissue engineering scaffolds, artificial organs, wound healing bandages, physiological membranes, contact lenses, and microfluidic valves.
A new side of sarcoidosis: medication and hospitalization use in a privately insured patient population.

Objective This study describes patterns of medication prescriptions for sarcoidosis patients in a large commercially insured U.S. population, with specific focus on prescribing practices across medical specialties and their associated hospitalization risk. Methods Using the Marketscan Database we selected adult patients with a diagnosis of sarcoidosis by ICD-9 code during the 2012 calendar year. Differences in prescribing practices were evaluated between provider types. A multivariate model controlling for age, sex, and region assessed hospitalization risk associated with provider type, prednisone dose, and use of non-steroid sarcoidosis medications. Results Using the described criteria, 11,042 total patients were identified. A majority were female, mean age 49.3 years. Of these, 1,792 (16.2%) had one or more hospital admissions (mean 1.6, SD 1.3) with a mean length of stay of 8.1 days (SD 14.5). 25.5% of patients were prescribed prednisone with a 1 year mean cumulative dose of 250mg. Pulmonary/Rheumatology providers prescribed the highest cumulative prednisone dose (961 mg) and were more likely to prescribe methotrexate and monoclonal antibody medications. Sarcoidosis patients receiving a cumulative prednisone dose >500 mg had an increased risk for hospitalization (OR 2.512, 2.210-2.855), while those prescribed methotrexate and azathioprine had decreased risk (OR 0.633, 0.481-0.833 and 0.460, 0.315-0.671). Monoclonal antibody use was associated with increased OR for hospitalization at 1.359. Conclusion Sarcoidosis patients treated by subspecialists were more likely to receive higher doses of prednisone and non-steroid sarcoidosis medications. Higher doses of prednisone and monoclonal antibody use were associated with higher hospitalization risk while methotrexate and azathioprine were associated with lower hospitalization risk.
Moving sensors for improved estimation of dynamic structures: Experimental validation:

In the monitoring of structural systems, the use of multiple high-end sensors may prove to be economically prohibitive. The alternative approach would be to use fewer devices capable of moving acro...
Case 284: Posterior Quadrantic Dysplasia.

Posterior quadrantic dysplasia is a rare variant of cortical dysplasia isolated to the posterior quadrant of one hemisphere of the brain that manifests in the 1st year of life with intractable epil...
SARS-Cov-2 Genes Encode I-to-like Potassium Channels: Linkage Between Viroporins and High Mortality Rate in COVID-19 Patients With Pre-existing Cardiovascular Diseases

Introduction: COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have a higher risk for severe illness, cardiac damage, and death. Therefore, strategies for cardiovascular protectio...
Americans' distress early in the COVID-19 pandemic: Protective resources and coping strategies.

Objective The rapid emergence of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in the United States has dramatically altered daily life and taken a toll on Americans' physical, mental, social, and financial well-being. Based on previous widespread disasters, future high prevalence of short- and long-term adverse mental health consequences are anticipated. Studies of COVID-19 outside the United States indicated moderately high levels of distress, but we have little information regarding Americans' distress nor the factors associated with relative distress or adjustment during this unprecedented time. This study represents the first national view of Americans' distress during the massive disruption of COVID-19 and identifies levels of stress exposure, protective psychosocial resources, and coping strategies. Method Data were collected April 7-9, 2020 from an online platform, using best practices for ensuring high-quality data; 1,015 completed respondents are included ([53.9%] women; average age = 38.9 years; mostly White [82.4%] and non-Hispanic [91.5%]). Respondents' locations ranged across the United States, from 18.5% in the Northeast to 37.8% in the South. Results Fairly high levels of stress exposure and peritraumatic and general distress (depression, anxiety, and stress) were reported. Emotion regulation skills along with active and distraction coping emerged as the strongest predictors of lower distress levels. Conclusions These results identify potential targets for online mental health interventions-focusing on engaging in adaptive emotion regulation and coping (e.g., through telehealth mental health first aid)-during the pandemic to offset the likely rise in distress over the months ahead. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Skin-associated lymphoid tissue could be a sign of systemic disease.

Kamido et al. reported a 63-year-old female with Schnitzler syndrome but recurrent erythematous patches even with Anakinra treatment [1]. Skin biopsy obtained before Anakinra initiation showed an underlying lymphoid follicle with a germinal center surrounded by plasma cells. Moreover, vascularity with high endothelial venule formation was also seen.
The Molecular Microscope (MMDX R ) interpretation of thoracic and abdominal allograft biopsies: Putting things in perspective for the clinician

The Molecular Microscope System (MMDXR ) has significant potential to enhance biopsy interpretation. However, discussions of MMDx do not acknowledge the basic accuracy of histology readings, and the ability of pathology as a stand-alone tool to guide patient management. MMDx overstates its ability to automatically correct for problems in biopsy readings. Assertions of accuracy approaching 99% are not supported by "real world" data. The high rate of discrepancies between MMDx® and standard biopsy readings can be attributed to the summation of many factors other than histology interpretation, including molecular noise, assay thresholding, limited sensitivity of microarray technology for low expression genes, errors in classifier development, narrow data interpretation, and lack of spatial context. It is not widely recognized that molecular signatures are not disease-specific and are affected by the stage of disease as well as the extent of tissue injury. The effect of sampling error on MMDx performance is significantly under-estimated, particularly in heart and lung biopsies. Therefore, MMDx reports should always be interpreted in the context of conventional biopsy readings. The clinical picture and conventional biopsy reading should be allowed to over-ride the molecular interpretation when there is concern that confounding factors are at play.
Sums of Squares: Methods for Proving Identity Families

This paper presents both a method and a result. The result presents a closed formula for the sum of the first $m+1,m \ge 0,$ squares of the sequence $F^{(k)}$ where each member is the sum of the previous $k$ members and with initial conditions of $k-1$ zeroes followed by a 1. The generalized result includes the known result of sums of squares of the Fibonacci numbers and a recent result of Schumaker on sums of squares of Tribonacci numbers. To prove the identities uniformly for all $k,$ the Algebraic Verification method is presented which reduces proof of an identity to verification of the equality of finitely many pairs of finite-degree polynomials, possibly in several variables. Several other papers proving families of identities are examined, and it is suggested that the collection of the uniform proof methods used in these papers could produce a new trend in stating and proving identities.
Factors associated with complex oral treatment device usage in patients with head and neck cancer.

Purpose The objective was to identify clinical and epidemiological factors associated with utilization of a complex oral treatment device (COTD), which may decrease toxicity in patients undergoing radiation therapy for head and neck cancer (HNC). Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed data from 1992 to 2013 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare databases to analyze COTD usage during intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for patients diagnosed with cancer of the tongue, floor of mouth, nasopharynx, tonsil, or oropharynx. Patients with a radiation simulation and complex treatment device code within 4 weeks before the first IMRT claim were identified as meeting COTD usage criteria. Demographic, regional, tumor, and treatment data were analyzed. Results Out of 4511 patients who met eligibility criteria, 1932 patients (42.8%) did not utilize a COTD while 2579 (57.2%) met usage criteria. COTD utilization increased over time (36.36% usage in 1992 vs. 67.44% usage in 2013, p < .0001). Patients less likely to receive a COTD included those aged 86 years or older compared to those aged 66-70 (OR = 0.713, 95% CI: 0.528-0.962), male patients (OR = 0.817, 95% CI: 0.710-0.941), non-Hispanic Black patients compared to non-Hispanic White patients (OR = 0.750, 95% CI: 0.582-0.966), and Louisiana residents (OR = 0.367, 95% CI: 0.279-0.483). Cancer site, grade, stage, or function of IMRT had no significant association with COTD usage. Conclusions This study serves as the first known SEER-Medicare review of COTD utilization. Despite an increase in COTD usage over time, our results indicate age, gender, and geographic disparities are associated with utilization. Further research and development into methods that increase availability of COTDs may help increase utilization in specific patient populations.
International Law as an Adaptive System: Implications and Opportunities

The language of treaties and international organizations shapes most thinking about international law. States and formal institutions play the primary roles in creating, enacting and giving force to these texts. These “products” are the natural focus of attention, because they carry some form of authority or weight. This also means that they are used as reference points by all involved with the issues they deal with or touch upon. What happens, however, when other forces and relationships increasingly shape the normative landscape? The institutional system and the texts the institutions generate remain important, but in this new context they form only parts of a larger set of relationships. I suggest that this is the situation in which we find ourselves. Relationships on the international level are now interactive and adaptive, and a perspective that does not capture these forces and their consequences cannot be adequate for understanding transnational normative relationships. Moreover, it is unlikely to be a solid basis for policy decisions. When applied alone it misses and distorts much that is important for understanding the relationships that international law seeks to regulate. The core change is the revolution in communication brought about by digital technology. The relationships it creates are generating a new dimension in the operation of international law. A “global adaptive system” has emerged to reshape the contours of international law. The traditional elements are part of it, but they are increasingly enmeshed in an evolving set of interactive relationships among states, institutions and individuals that provides much of the normative dynamic at the transnational level. Recognizing the emergence of this adaptive system makes these dynamics visible! It allows us to see more clearly what is happening and to analyze more effectively relationships among all actors that participate in the global arena. This, in turn, provides the basis for decisions and policies that are sounder and, above all, more inclusive of interests that are commonly not taken into consideration. This brief essay identifies the basics of this evolution, explains what a global adaptive system is and how it functions. It then explores some of the consequences for the operation and evolution of international law.
Improved Kennedy-Thorndike Experiment – a preliminary report

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an improved Kennedy–Thorndike (KT) type experiment based on modern laser metrology. The laser version of the KT experiment compares the transformations of time and length in a moving frame. In the KT experiment, a differential comparison was made between a standard of time defined by a mercury lamp and a standard of length in the form of an unequal-arm Michelson interferometer. The chapter describes the development of a useful framework for explaining what an experiment measures and how it relates to other experiments. In this framework, two coordinate systems are considered in relative motion, and the most general transformation between the preferred frame and the moving frame is written. Multiplicative kinematical parameters are introduced, which might be determined by theory but, more importantly, can be determined by experiments. Because of isotropy in the preferred frame, the transformation parameters are even functions, dependent only on (v/c) 2 . Apart from synchronization, the transformation between the preferred frame and a moving frame is specified by these parameters.
Set Constraints and Set-Based Analysis

The calculus of set constraints was presented, and its history of basic results and applications briefly described. The approach of set-based analysis was then presented in an informal style, with a focus on the breadth of applicability of the technique. The relationship between set constraints and set-based analysis is roughly that the approximation of a program by ignoring inter-variable dependencies can be captured by set constraints. It was then argued that set-based analysis can provide accurate and efficient program analysis.
Making Sense of Climate Change: How Story Frames Shape Cognition

In 2006, Adam J. Berinsky and Donald R. Kinder published findings in the Journal of Politics that demonstrated that framing news as a story influences how individuals cognitively organize concepts and information. The study presented here moves forward in this tradition. This research combines samples obtained in the springs of 2009 and 2010 while conducting online experiments. In these experiments, slightly over 2,000 respondents are asked to organize concepts presented in one of three culturally nuanced stories about climate change or where information is presented as a list. Hierarchical cluster analysis indicates that when respondents are exposed to culturally congruent stories, respondent organizational patterns are more likely to mirror the story. We discuss the implications of these findings.
Tunable semiconductor lasers

Summary form only be given. Tunable semiconductor lasers continue to be included in just about everyone's list of important components for future fiber optic networks. Various designs will be overviewed with particular emphasis on the widely tunable (>32 nm) types.
Toward a Pseudofermion Calculation of the Hadronic Mass Spectrum

We present our preliminary results of a pseudofermion simulation of QCD, on a 103·32 lattice at β = 5.7.The fermions are of the Kogut-Susskind type (3 flavors) with mass ma = 0.05. It is found that the hadron propagators take more than 10000 Metropolis iterations to equilibrate, a factor 5 more than what is needed in a typical quenched calculation. We present also our results on the effects of dynamical quarks on the Wilson loops.
Intravascular effects of IgE antibody upon basophils, neutrophils, platelets and blood coagulation in the rabbit

Rabbits synthesizing only IgE antibody to BSA were challenged intravenously with 50 mg BSA and the associated blood cell and coagulation alterations were examined. Basophils decreased by 90% within 1 min of challenge. This was followed by a 70% decrease in neutrophils and a 50% decrease in platelets by 15 min. These changes were found to be highly significant when compared to control unimmunized rabbits similarly challenged. By 60 min, the neutrophils and platelets in the experimental rabbits had returned to 50 and 80% of their prechallenge levels respectively, but no basophils were demonstrable by toluidine blue staining. Lymphocyte counts in the experimental rabbits did not differ from controls at 0, 1, 15, or 60 min after challenge. Blood coagulation alterations also occurred after BSA challenge in the rabbits synthesizing IgE. A significant shortening of the whole blood clotting time in plastic tubes at 25°C occurred in blood samples taken at 30 sec after antigen challenge. Similarly, in vitro addition of BSA to blood samples taken prior to challenge significantly shortened the whole blood clotting time. In addition, significant prolongation of whole blood clotting times was observed in blood obtained 60 min after challenge, but only among the rabbits positive for systemic anaphylaxis. This in vivo study corroborated the known in vitro effects of IgE upon the rabbit blood basophil and platelet. In addition, the results indicate that the intravascular interaction of antigen with specific IgE antibody induced neutrophil and blood coagulation alterations.
Effect of season on secretion of iodine in milk.

Summary A significant effect of season on the metabolism of iodine by the dairy cow was demonstrated, using I 131 in single doses and in a continuous daily dosing study. With these techniques it was determined that there is a stimulus that coincides with the onset of spring which causes the blood and milk levels of iodine 131 to increase. The mammary gland also exhibited a marked tendency to concentrate iodine in the milk with the onset of the seasonal effect.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as an independent manifestation of the metabolic syndrome: results of a US national survey in three ethnic groups.

Background and Aim The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and each of its components are strongly associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This has led many investigators to suggest that NAFLD is an independent component of the MetS. We formally tested this hypothesis using confirmatory factor analysis, which allows comparison of different models, with or without including NAFLD as a component of the MetS. Methods We analyzed data from 3846 subjects of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988–1994). NAFLD was defined by increased liver fat measured by ultrasonography. Results MetS by Adult Treatment Panel III criteria was present in 20.5%, and 30.2% had NAFLD, defined as mild, moderate, or severe ultrasonographic steatosis. Using confirmatory factor analysis, a basic model representing the MetS using its currently accepted components (glucose, waist, triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein ratio, and mean arterial pressure) showed excellent goodness-of-fit statistics. Addition of NAFLD to the model as a fifth independent variable decreased model fit, suggesting that NAFLD is not an additional independent component of the MetS. Analysis by ethnicity showed that addition of NAFLD decreased model fit in Whites but resulted in minor improvements in non-Hispanic Blacks and Mexican Americans. Conclusions The MetS is strongly associated with NAFLD. However, we found no evidence that NAFLD is an independent component or manifestation of the MetS. Interestingly, ethnic differences might be important in this relationship and require further study.
Just a Word About Just

Author's Summary— As a sample of words of many uses, which cause difficulties not accounted for by standard grammars, the adjective and adverb just is studied in relation to its various expressions in Spanish.
Issues and impacts of Redwood National Park expansion.

In 1968, Redwood National Park was created in an atmosphere of controversy and compromise to preserve remnants of the coastal redwood (Sequoia sempervirens) ecosystems and the streams and seashores with which they are associated. The 1968 boundary included the lower portions of several watersheds in the park, which meant that potential impacts from upstream, privately owned lands might occur. Between 1968 and 1978, controversy continued between preservation and forest industry interests over the impacts of harvesting old growth timber upslope and upstream from the park. In 1978, the southern portion of the park around Redwood Creek was expanded by 48,000 acres, moving the boundary from a narrow, one-half mile riparian corridor to ridgelines, but still leaving two-thirds of the total watershed outside of the park. The park expansion has generated biological and social impacts and opportunities. Meeting the objectives of the 1978 legislation will require close coordination between federal and state government and local communities.
Dynamic firing properties of type I spiral ganglion neurons

Spiral ganglion neurons, the first neural element in the auditory system, possess complex intrinsic properties, possibly required to process frequency-specific sensory input that is integrated with extensive efferent regulation. Together with their tonotopically-graded sizes, the somata of these neurons reveal a sophisticated electrophysiological profile. Type I neurons, which make up ~95 % of the ganglion, have myriad voltage-gated ion channels that not only vary along the frequency contour of the cochlea, but also can be modulated by regulators such as voltage, calcium, and second messengers. The resultant developmentally- and tonotopically-regulated neuronal firing patterns conform to three distinct response modes (unitary, rapid, and slow) based on threshold and accommodation. This phenotype, however, is not static for any individual type I neuron. Recent observations have shown that, as neurons become less excitable with age, they demonstrate enhanced plasticity enabling them to change from one response mode to another depending upon resting membrane potential and the presence of neurotrophin-3. Thus, the primary auditory afferents utilized to encode dynamic acoustic stimuli possess the intrinsic specializations that allow them dynamically to alter their firing pattern.
Exploring emerging manycore architectures for uncertainty quantification through embedded stochastic Galerkin methods

We explore approaches for improving the performance of intrusive or embedded stochastic Galerkin uncertainty quantification methods on emerging computational architectures. Our work is motivated by the trend of increasing disparity between floating-point throughput and memory access speed on emerging architectures, thus requiring the design of new algorithms with memory access patterns more commensurate with computer architecture capabilities. We first compare the traditional approach for implementing stochastic Galerkin methods to non-intrusive spectral projection methods employing high-dimensional sparse quadratures on relevant problems from computational mechanics, and demonstrate the performance of stochastic Galerkin is reasonable. Several reorganizations of the algorithm with improved memory access patterns are described and their performance measured on contemporary manycore architectures. We demonstrate these reorganizations can lead to improved performance for matrix–vector products needed by ite...
Hexosamine accumulations are associated with the terminated growth of Puccinia striiformis on wheat isolines

Hexosamine accumulations in Puccinia striiformis were detected with histochemical and immunochemical techniques following inoculation on wheat isolines with and without Suwon 92 resistance. Urediospores stained intensely (except in germ pores) following treatment with a nitrous acid, 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolone hydrazone hydrochloride (MBTH), FeCl 3 reaction series used to quantitate hexosamine polymers. As spores germinated on either isoline the stain retained in the germ tube was light and localized in those hyphal tips in which growth appeared to be terminated. Subepidermal staining with both the hexosamine stain and FITC-conjugated anti-chitosan antisera was intense in inhibited hyphal tips in the resistant reaction. Staining also occurred in hyphae which grew beneath the epidermal layer in. the susceptible reaction, but was generally not intense except in maturing urediospores. Since hexosamine polymers from chitosan inhibited the germination and growth of urediospores, the possibility that accumulations may be involved with both disease resistance and the termination of growth associated with spore maturation is discussed.
Turnover Rates of Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Enzymes in Flying Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Metabolic rates (VCO2) of 32 worker honeybees were determined during agitated flight in a flow-through respirometry chamber. Because honeybees oxidize carbohydrate during flight and display respiratory exchange ratios equal to 1.0, these measured VCO2 values equal VO2. The latter were used to estimate mitochondrial electron transport rates per unit thorax mass during flight. Dual wavelength spectroscopy was used to estimate cytochrome content per unit thorax mass in each individual used for respirometry. Electron flux rate divided by cytochrome content yielded cytochrome turnover rate for each individual. Honeybees possess high cytochrome content and display higher rates of cytochrome turnover during flight than mammalian cardiac and skeletal muscles during maximum aerobic work. The significance of this finding is discussed in relation to the control of respiration and the factors that may set the upper limits to aerobic capacities in muscles. J. Exp. Zool. 284:1-6, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Insect flight is powered by some of the most in- tense "fires of life" known in the animal kingdom. Many species of small insects achieve higher mass-specific rates of O2 consumption (VO2/Mb) in flight than do birds and mammals exercising at their maximum aerobic capacities (VO2max) (Suarez, '96). How flying insects achieve such high rates of aerobic metabolism remains obscure. Higher capacities for O2 transport are thought to result from their use of a tracheal system that penetrates the flight muscles, sending branches that lie adjacent to interfibrillar mitochondria (Weis-fogh, '64). Mitochondrial volume densities as high as 43% have been estimated, as well as cristae surface densities of about 54 m 2 /cm 3
Biodegradation of petroleum chemical extinguisher in soil enhances the degradation of polyethylene glycol

Abstract Petroleum Chemical Extinguisher ®(PCE) is polyethylene glycol(PEG) diester of fatty acid used in extinguishing fires and cleaning up oil spills. When PCE is added to garden soil, the amount of CO3 evolved indicates a near complete mineralization. Negligible increases in microbial biomass and acetylesterase activity resulted from PCE catabolism. PCE‐exposed soil has enhanced activity to degrade PEG of average molecular weight 400, 1, 000 or 1, 450 but not 3, 350. Potential uses of PCE in promoting biodegradation of PEG pollutants are discussed.
Crisis, change and creativity in science and technology: chemistry in the aftermath of twentieth-century global wars.

AbstractThis paper presents the organising ideas behind the symposium "Chemistry in the Aftermath of World Wars," held at the 23rd International Congress of History of Science and Technology, Budapest, 2009, whose theme was "Ideas and Instruments in Social Context." After first recounting the origins of the notion of "crisis" as a decisive turning point in general history as well as in the history of science, the paper presents war and its aftermath as a form of crisis that may affect science and technology, including chemistry, in a variety of contexts and leading to a variety of types of change. The twentieth-century world wars were exemplary forms of crisis, whose aftermaths shaped the contexts for decisive changes in modern chemistry, which continue to offer challenging opportunities for historical research. In discussing these, the paper cites selected current literature and briefly describes how the individual papers of the symposium, including the three papers published in this volume, approached t...
Epstein‐Barr virus infection and expression in oral lesions

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and the recently discovered Kaposi's sarcoma associated herpes virus, human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV or HHV8), was determined within oral lesions common to HIV infection including OHL, pseudoOHL (PHL), oral lymphoma, oral aphthous ulcers, and an oral Kaposi's sarcoma. METHODS: DNA and RNA were extracted from oral lesions. EBV and HHV8 genomes were detected by Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral expression was analyzed using PCR amplification of cDNA. RESULTS: Multiple EBV strains were detected within OHL with recombination across repeat sequences generating new viral variants. EBV expression in OHL included expression of some viral genes, usually expressed in latent infections, that induce the EBV receptor. EBV replication was detected only within OHL lesions but not within adjacent Kaposi's tissue or oral aphthous ulcers while HHV8 was only detected within the Kaposi's lesions. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that the OHL lesion is unique with viral replication and superinfection with additional EBV strains. Expression of the EBV receptor within the OHL lesion may promote superinfection which then activates EBV replication. The consistent detection of EBV replication only within OHL lesions and the detection of HHV8 only within Kaposi's sarcoma, strengthens the etiologic link between EBV and HHV8 infection to these specific pathologies.
Imaging Mass Spectrometry and Genome Mining via Short Sequence Tagging Identified the Anti-Infective Agent Arylomycin in Streptomyces roseosporus

Here, we described the discovery of anti-infective agent arylomycin and its biosynthetic gene cluster in an industrial daptomycin producing strain Streptomyces roseosporus. This was accomplished via the use of MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) along with peptidogenomic approach in which we have expanded to short sequence tagging (SST) described herein. Using IMS, we observed that prior to the production of daptomycin, a cluster of ions (1–3) was produced by S. roseosporus and correlated well with the decreased staphylococcal cell growth. With a further adopted SST peptidogenomics approach, which relies on the generation of sequence tags from tandem mass spectrometric data and query against genomes to identify the biosynthetic genes, we were able to identify these three molecules (1–3) to arylomycins, a class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that target type I signal peptidase. The gene cluster was then identified. This highlights the strength of IMS and MS guided genome mining approaches in effectively b...
The NEIBank project for ocular genomics: Data-mining gene expression in human and rodent eye tissues

NEIBank is a project to gather and organize genomic resources for eye research. The first phase of this project covers the construction and sequence analysis of cDNA libraries from human and animal model eye tissues to develop an overview of the repertoire of genes expressed in the eye and a resource of cDNA clones for further studies. The sequence data are grouped and identified using the tools of bioinformatics and the results are displayed through a web site where they can be interrogated by keyword search, chromosome location, by Blast (sequence comparison) or by alignment on completed genomes. Many novel proteins and novel splice forms of known genes have already emerged from analysis of the accumulating data. This review provides an overview of the current state of the database for human eye tissues, with specific comparisons to some parallel data from mouse and rat, and with illustrative examples of the kinds of insights and discoveries these data can produce. One of the major themes that emerges is that at the molecular level human eye tissues have significant differences from those of rodents, encompassing species specific genes, alternative splice forms and great variation in levels of gene expression. These point to specific adaptations and mechanisms in the human eye and emphasize that care needs to be taken in the application of appropriate animal model systems.
Social Practices and Normativity

Turner’s The Social Theory of Practices effectively criticized conceptions of social practices as rule-governed or regularity-exhibiting performances. Turner’s criticisms nevertheless overlook an a...
The influence of trait anger on the alcohol-aggression relation in men and women.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of trait anger on alcohol-related aggression in men and women. METHODS: Subjects were 204 healthy social drinkers (111 men and 93 women) between 21 and 35 years of age. Trait anger was measured using the Spielberger Trait Anger Scale. After the consumption of either an alcohol or a placebo beverage, subjects were tested on a modified version of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in which mild electric shocks were received from and administered to a fictitious opponent during a competitive task. Aggressive behavior was operationalized as the shock intensities administered to the fictitious opponent under conditions of low and high provocation. RESULTS: Of all of the variables, provocation was the strongest elicitor of aggression. Overall, anger was positively related to aggression for all subjects. However, the central finding of this study was that alcohol was more likely to increase aggression for persons, particularly men, with higher, as opposed to lower, levels of trait anger. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that alcohol consumption does not increase aggression for all persons and in all situations. A continuing goal for future research in this area is to identify which individual difference and which contextual factors are most important in determining who will and who will not behave in an aggressive manner when intoxicated. Language: en
Three psychological scaling methods applied to language development.

Several psychological scaling methods are compared for usefulness in measuring language development displayed in samples of children’s speech with reference to “intricacy of language usage.” The me...
The Hillcrest Dilemma: Who is Calling the Shots?:

Fiscal accountability has long been public demand of elected and appointed public officials. Decisions on how to allocate limited resources, in efforts to achieve the goals of an organization, are some of the most difficult to make. This case focuses on the dilemmas of a superintendent and board in responding to financial crises while balancing the needs of students.
Vascular tenascin-C regulates cardiac endothelial phenotype and neovascularization

Microenvironmental cues mediate postnatal neovascularization via modulation of endothelial cell and bone marrow-derived endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) activity. Numerous signals regulate the activity of both of these cell types in response to vascular injury, which suggests that parallel mechanisms regulate angiogenesis in the vascular beds of both the heart and bone marrow. To identify mediators of such shared pathways, in vivo bone marrow/cardiac phage display biopanning was performed and led to the identification of tenascin-C as a candidate protein. Functionally, tenascin-C inhibits cardiac endothelial cell spreading and enhances migration in response to angiogenic growth factors. Analysis of human coronary thrombi revealed tenascin-C protein expression colocalized with the endothelial cell/EPC marker Tie-2 in intrathrombi vascular channels. Immunostains in the rodent heart demonstrated that tenascin-C also colocalizes with EPCs homing to sites of cardiac angiogenic induction. To determine the importance of tenascin-C in cardiac neovascularization, we used an established cardiac transplantation model and showed that unlike wild-type mice, tenascin-C-/- mice fail to vascularize cardiac allografts. This demonstrates for the first time that tenascin-C is essential for postnatal cardiac angiogenic function. Together, our data highlight the role of tenascin-C as a microenvironmental regulator of cardiac endothelial/EPC activity.
Sorption Behavior of Mechanically Mixed and Freeze‐Dried Sucrose/Casein Mixtures

Interactions between sucrose and casein were investigated by adsorption isotherms. Mechanically mixed and freeze-dried sucrose/casein mixtures at sucrose percentages of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20% (wet basis) were compared to calculated isotherms using the mass balance equation, over the aw range 0.23–0.93 at 20°C. The mechanical mixtures did not exhibit solute/polymer interactions. The freeze-dried systems showed positive interaction (i.e., sorbed more water than calculated) for 1 and 5% sucrose at all aw values. For the 10, 15 and 20% sucrose mixtures, positive interaction continued below 0.86 aw; however, above 0.86 aw, no interaction was apparent. That is, experimental sorption values equaled calculated values.
Agroforestry and grass buffer effects on soil quality parameters for grazed pasture and row-crop systems

Abstract Establishment of buffers and incorporation of trees and shrubs are believed to improve soil quality and thereby improve water quality from grazed pasture systems. Although enzyme activities and water stable aggregates have been identified as measurable soil quality parameters for early responses to changes in soil management, the literature lacks information on those parameters for grazing systems with agroforestry buffers. The objective of this study was to examine the activities of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase, dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase, the percentage of water stable aggregates (WSA) and soil organic carbon and nitrogen as soil quality parameters for grazed pasture and row-crop systems. The study consisted of four management treatments: grazed pasture (GP), agroforestry buffer (AgB), grass buffer (GB) and row-crop (RC). The WSA was determined by wet sieving method while the enzyme activities were colorimetrically quantified using a spectrophotometer in laboratory assays. Soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents were also determined. Two soil depths (0–10 and 10–20 cm) were analyzed for all treatments. The row-crop treatment showed significantly lower activities compared to all other treatments for β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase enzymes along with lower WSA. The dehydrogenase activities were significantly higher in GP treatment compared to RC treatment. The FDA hydrolase activities were not significantly different among treatments. Surface soil revealed higher enzyme activities and higher WSA than the sub-surface soil. The treatment by depth interaction was significant for β-glucosidase and β-glucosaminidase enzymes. The soil organic carbon and total nitrogen data strongly supported the results of enzyme activities and WSA. Implications can be made that perennial vegetation enhances organic matter accumulation in the soil, has minimum disturbance to the soil and will have positive impacts on the ecosystem.
Comparative hemostasis: studies on elasmobranchs.

Abstract 1. 1. Elasmobranch blood contains thrombocytes, which are agglutinated by thrombin but not by ADP. Dogfish thrombocytes appear to adhere to dogfish collagen. 2. 2. Elasmobranch blood clots very slowly often being still uncoagulated after 48 hr. 3. 3. Adding calcium accelerates elasmobranch clotting. Blood which clots rapidly often lyses. 4. 4. The only detectible coagulation factors are prothrombin and fibrinogen. A factor XIII like activity may be present.
Distributed computing viewed as a team problem with constraints

The optimal distribution of the workload in a system of interconnected computer units is considered. Formulated as a team decision problem with a singular cost criterion and with equality and inequality constraints, it is shown that the problem admits always a unique piecewise linear strategy which is globally optimal. Some interesting particular cases are studied.
Qualitative theory of hyperbolic characteristic initial value problems

Characteristic initial value problems associated with hyperbolic equations of the form u xy + g( x, y ) u = 0 are considered for ( x, y )∈ℝ + × ℝ + . New criteria for the existence of a nodal line asymptotic to the axes are established, as are criteria for the existence of a zero beyond such a nodal line. Some numerical solutions are presented in graphical form and discussed relative to what is known about oscillation properties of such problems.
The IOM Report on the Future of Nursing: What Perioperative Nurses Need to Know

The 2010 Institute of Medicine (IOM) report, The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health, continues to be the most-viewed report in IOM history. Nearly three years after its publication, there are action coalitions of nursing and non-nursing agencies in 50 states and the District of Columbia collaborating to move the eight recommendations for action forward. There is much work to do to reshape health care delivery in the United States, and the IOM has identified nurses as key leaders in driving the reform. Every nurse must be educated on the key messages of the IOM report and become involved in moving these recommendations forward as well as in educating others on what needs to be done. AORN and perioperative nurses have a key role in voicing the unique needs of perioperative patients and in ensuring that perioperative patient care is represented in reform activities.
Overcoming the challenges to feedback-directed optimization (Keynote Talk)

Feedback-directed optimization (FDO) is a general term used to describe any technique that alters a program's execution based on tendencies observed in its present or past runs. This paper reviews the current state of affairs in FDO and discusses the challenges inhibiting further acceptance of these techniques. It also argues that current trends in hardware and software technology have resulted in an execution environment where immutable executables and traditional static optimizations are no longer sufficient. It explains how we can improve the effectiveness of our optimizers by increasing our understanding of program behavior, and it provides examples of temporal behavior that we can (or could in the future) exploit during optimization.
Adherence to guidelines for diabetes care in school: Family and school nurse perspectives

To ensure the safe and fair treatment of children with diabetes, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) publishes guidelines for care of children with diabetes in the school setting (1–4). We surveyed 99 families of youth with type 1 diabetes (mean age 12.2 ± 3.2 years; diabetes duration 5.0 ± 3.6 years) and 51 school nurses from corresponding schools in Ohio using structured questionnaires to systematically evaluate reported adherence to these guidelines from the perspectives of key stakeholders. This study has institutional review board approval. Sixteen key ADA recommendations, taking into account guidelines with multiple components, were assessed. For 7 of the 16 ADA recommendations, fewer than half of families reported adherence, defined as providing the service usually or always. Among school nurses, fewer than half reported …
Modulation of Adrenergic Receptors During Aging

In aging there is not only a reduced density of adrenergic receptors but also a reduced capacity to adapt these receptors to a changing neuronal input or hormonal environment. A reduced density of receptors presumably would result in a decreased ability of aged individuals to respond to stimulation of these receptors, and a reduced ability to modulate these receptors would result in a decreased capacity to adapt their responses to a changing internal or external environment. Future studies should be directed at the genomic mechanisms that control receptor synthesis.
Monitoring the mission blue butterfly using immature stages

Monitoring of the Mission blue butterfly has been restricted to periodic counts of adults sighted during the flight season during transect walks. However, adult count data is a reliable index of population size only if the probability of detection is high and stable across varying ecological conditions. Determining these probabilities requires marking and capturing of a large number of individuals, which is harmful and difficult to implement for protected species. Therefore, we explored the potential of using immature stages (eggs, late-instar larvae and the feeding damage inflicted by larvae) as potential measures of population status for monitoring purposes. For each of these measures we examined its correlation with adult counts, its detection probability, and its repeatability. We found that immature stages and feeding damage are highly correlated with adult counts, are highly repeatable, and have detection probabilities that exceed estimates of the probability of detecting Mission blue adults. We conclude that late instar larval counts and foliar feeding damage are superior to adults as measures of population status for population monitoring. Furthermore, if sighting-resighting based counts of immatures or feeding damage are made on the same set of host plants on successive days, then estimates of abundance and its standard error adjusted for detection probabilities can be obtained.
Co-ordinate transformations to normality and the power of normal tests for independence

SUMMARY This paper considers properties of the normal theory test for independence applied to observations from bivariate distributions constrained to have normal marginals. Coordinate transformations to normality are applied to a variety of non-normal distributions (X, Y) and it is found that the normal theory test for independence is more powerful when applied to the transformed vector than when (X, Y) is used. The general transformation of an arbitrary continuous variate to standard normality is discussed and a method for obtaining an accurate estimator of this transformation is presented. The method is applied to several sets of real data and improvement is demonstrated in terms of agreement with previously established theory.