cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New tender nodules after arthroscopy.

A woman in her 20s with a medical history significant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presented with tender erythematous nodules after undergoing right knee arthroscopy (Figure, A). SLE had been diagnosed ten years previously after she presented with a positive antinuclear antibody titer (most recent titer, 1:1280), arthralgias, leukopenia, oral ulcers, and a malar erythematous eruption. There was no history of discoid or tumid lupus lesions. Initially, the lesions were thought secondary to soft-tissue infection and were treated with courses of clindamycin, vancomycin, and doxycycline. Physical examination revealed poorly demarcated erythematous plaques and nodules, tender to palpation, ranging from the distal thigh to the lower leg, adjacent to arthroscopy sites. Lesions around the suture sites appeared more violaceous. A punch biopsy of the lesion was performed (Figure, B and C). B A
The cross thumb to index finger pedicle

By careful technique the dorsum of the thumb can be used as a donor area to cover exposed bone of index fingertip amputations and, in certain cases, avulsions of the nailbed. In this procedure an oblique, radially based flap from the dorsum of the proximal phalanx is used.
A framework and process for curricular integration and innovation using project based interdisciplinary teams

This paper describes a framework and process for ongoing curricular integration and innovation based on feedback from the performance of undergraduate interdisciplinary teams working on problems that reflect the needs of industry. The five-step process is based on a top-down, objectives-based approach to bringing the computer science and engineering curriculum in line with computing practice. Critical to the effort is the selection of projects for undergraduate teams since project definitions serve both as an opportunity to challenge students and to lay the foundation for departmental direction. Each project is associated with a set of capability requirements that reflect what team members should both know and be able to do to meet project requirements. Upon project completion, expectations and actual performance are used in a curricular feedback loop to identify possible curricular modifications. We report on an ongoing implementation of this framework at Southern Methodist University (SMU) where integration between computer science and computer engineering serves as a testbed for the framework. At SMU, undergraduate students from computer science and computer engineering are teamed to develop applications that serve to bring core curricula in line with current trends in computing and industry needs.
Brief Analysis and design of gain scheduled sampled-data control systems

The existence of gain scheduled sampled-data controllers that meet an important linearization requirement about a family of equilibria is investigated.
Removing Arsenic from Contaminated Drinking Water in Rural Bangladesh: Recent Fieldwork Results and Policy Implications

ARUBA (Arsenic Removal Using Bottom Ash) has proven effective at removing high concentrations of arsenic from drinking water in Bangladesh. During fieldwork in four sub-districts of the country, ARUBA reduced arsenic levels ranging from 200 to 900 ppb to below the Bangladesh standard of 50 ppb. The technology is cost-effective because the substrate--bottom ash from coal fired power plants--is a waste material readily available in South Asia. In comparison to similar technologies, ARUBA uses less media for arsenic removal due to its high surface area to volume ratio. Hence, less waste is produced. A number of experiments were conducted in Bangladesh to determine the effectiveness of various water treatment protocols. It was found that (1) ARUBA removes more than half of the arsenic from water within five minutes of treatment, (2) ARUBA, that has settled at the bottom of a treatment vessel, continues to remove arsenic for 2-3 days, (3) ARUBA's arsenic removal efficiency can be improved through sequential partial dosing (adding a given amount of ARUBA in fractions versus all at once), and (4) allowing water to first stand for two to three days followed by treatment with ARUBA produced final arsenic levels ten times lower than treating water directly out of the well. Our findings imply a number of tradeoffs between ARUBA's effective arsenic removal capacity, treatment system costs, and waste output. These tradeoffs, some a function of arsenic-related policies in Bangladesh (e.g., waste disposal regulations), must be considered when designing an arsenic removal system. We propose that the most attractive option is to use ARUBA in communityscale water treatment centers, installed as public-private partnerships, in Bangladeshi villages.
SPATIAL SEGREGATION BETWEEN APHIS VERNONIAE (APHIDIDAE) AND PUBLILIA RETICULATA (MEMBRACIDAE), TWO SPECIES OF COLONIAL HOMOPTERA ON NEW YORK IRONWEED

Spatial segregation between the colonial homopterans Aphis vernoniae Thomas and Publilia reticulata Van Duzee on New York ironweed, Vernonia noveboracensis L., does not occur either among plant patches or among plants. Before August, spatial separation occurs on the plants, with A. vernoniae concentrated in the inflorescences and P. reticulata concentrated on the middle leaves. Apparent overlap increases as A. vernoniae moves onto senescing leaves late in the season. However, the A. vernoniae colonies are found nearer to the petiole, and there is little actual overlap in the distributions of the two species.
Test power reduction through minimization of scan chain transitions

Parallel test application helps reduce the otherwise considerable test times in SOCs; yet its applicability is limited by average and peak power considerations. The typical test vector loading techniques result infrequent transitions in the scan chain, which in turn reflect into significant levels of circuit switching unnecessarily. Judicious utilization of logic in the scan chain can help reduce transitions while loading the test vector needed. No performance degradation ensues as scan chain modifications have no impact on functional execution. A computationally efficient scheme is proposed to identify, the location and type of the logic to be inserted. The experimental results confirm the significant reductions in test power possible under the proposed scheme.
Association between O blood group and occurrence and severity of diarrhoea due to Escherichia coli

During studies of diarrhoea due to Escherichia coli in 316 adult volunteers, ABO and Rh blood group determinations were done to look for differences in the occurrence or severity of illness in association with certain blood groups. In studies using heat-labile enterotoxin-producing E. coli, volunteers with O blood group had a significantly higher attack rate for diarrhoea than persons with other blood groups. In contrast, in studies with enteropathogenic or heat-stable enterotoxin-producing E. coli, no association was found between occurrence of diarrhoea and ABO group. These studies, and previous studies finding a similarly increased susceptibility to cholera in persons with O blood group, suggest that the mechanism of increased risk involves an interaction between blood group substances and the similar enterotoxin produced by E. coli and Vibrio cholerae.
The Many Names of (7, 3, 1)

In the world of discrete mathematics, we encounter a bewildering variety of topics with no apparent connection between them. But appearances are deceptive. For example, combinatorics tells us about difference sets, block designs, and triple systems. Geometry leads us to finite projective planes and Latin squares. Graph theory introduces us to round–robin tournaments and map colorings, linear algebra gives us (0, 1)–matrices, and quadratic residues are among the many pearls of number theory. We meet the torus, that topological curiosity, while visiting the local doughnut shop or tubing down a river. Finally, in these fields we encounter such names as Euler, Fano, Fischer, Hadamard, Heawood, Kirkman, Singer and Steiner. This is a story about a single object that connects all of these. Commonly known as (7, 3, 1), it is all at once a difference set, a block design, a Steiner triple system, a finite projective plane, a complete set of orthogonal Latin squares, a doubly regular round-robin tournament, a skew-Hadamard matrix, and a graph consisting of seven mutually adjacent hexagons drawn on the torus. We are going to investigate these connections. Along the way, we’ll learn about all of these topics and just how they are tied together in one object—namely, (7, 3, 1). We’ll learn about what all of those people have to do with it. We’ll get to know this object quite well! So let’s find out about the many names of (7, 3, 1).
Frozen modes in bounded photonic crystals for high gain antennas

Photonic crystals have been the subject of extensive research for almost twenty years. More recently, the physical nature of the constitutive components was diversified to include anisotropic, magnetic, metallic, and nonlinear materials. Greater diversity of physical properties, along with more sophisticated space arrangement of the constituents, can result in qualitatively new features and novel phenomena, such as electromagnetic unidirectionality and the frozen mode regime. The resulting structures are referred to as magnetic photonic crystals (MPCs). This presentation provides analysis that demonstrates the benefits and potential applications of MPCs and degenerate bandgap structures (DBEs) from a numerical and experimental point of view. Three dimensional realizations of antennas and conformal arrays within MPCs are presented using frequency domain and time domain techniques, and preliminary experimental data are given for validation purposes.
The ins and outs of gradual type inference

Gradual typing lets programmers evolve their dynamically typed programs by gradually adding explicit type annotations, which confer benefits like improved performance and fewer run-time failures.However, we argue that such evolution often requires a giant leap, and that type inference can offer a crucial missing step. If omitted type annotations are interpreted as unknown types, rather than the dynamic type, then static types can often be inferred, thereby removing unnecessary assumptions of the dynamic type. The remaining assumptions of the dynamic type may then be removed by either reasoning outside the static type system, or restructuring the code.We present a type inference algorithm that can improve the performance of existing gradually typed programs without introducing any new run-time failures. To account for dynamic typing, types that flow in to an unknown type are treated in a fundamentally different manner than types that flow out. Furthermore, in the interests of backward-compatibility, an escape analysis is conducted to decide which types are safe to infer. We have implemented our algorithm for ActionScript, and evaluated it on the SunSpider and V8 benchmark suites. We demonstrate that our algorithm can improve the performance of unannotated programs as well as recover most of the type annotations in annotated programs.
Pharmacogenomics and HIV Therapeutics

Received 23 November 2004; accepted 23 November 2004; electronically published 22 March 2005. Reprints or correspondence: Dr. David W. Haas, Vanderbilt AIDS Clinical Trials Center, 345 24th Ave. North, Ste. 105, Nashville, TN 37203 (david.w.haas@vanderbilt.edu). Financial support: Vanderbilt Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Center (grant U01AI46339); Vanderbilt Meharry Center for AIDS Research (grant P30AI054999).
Demand curve prediction via bayesian probability assignment over a functional space

One of the important aspects of energy modeling is the process of demand curve prediction. Existing demand curve prediction methods generally rely on statistical curve fittings which assume a certain functional form such as constant price elasticity. There are a number of disadvantages to this approach. For one, this method makes certain assumptions about the functional form of the price-demand curve that may not be exhibited in practice. In addition, since curve fits rely on only a single function, and not a distribution of functions, they do not capture the uncertainty about price-demand curves. In this work, demand curve prediction is instead treated by assigning a probability measure to the space of all functions that meet the global regularity (non-decreasing conditions). Using this method, a numerical example of Bayesian demand curve prediction is presented.
Exploring Temporal Patterns in Classifying Frustrated and Delighted Smiles

We create two experimental situations to elicit two affective states: frustration, and delight. In the first experiment, participants were asked to recall situations while expressing either delight or frustration, while the second experiment tried to elicit these states naturally through a frustrating experience and through a delightful video. There were two significant differences in the nature of the acted versus natural occurrences of expressions. First, the acted instances were much easier for the computer to classify. Second, in 90 percent of the acted cases, participants did not smile when frustrated, whereas in 90 percent of the natural cases, participants smiled during the frustrating interaction, despite self-reporting significant frustration with the experience. As a follow up study, we develop an automated system to distinguish between naturally occurring spontaneous smiles under frustrating and delightful stimuli by exploring their temporal patterns given video of both. We extracted local and global features related to human smile dynamics. Next, we evaluated and compared two variants of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Hidden Markov Models (HMM), and Hidden-state Conditional Random Fields (HCRF) for binary classification. While human classification of the smile videos under frustrating stimuli was below chance, an accuracy of 92 percent distinguishing smiles under frustrating and delighted stimuli was obtained using a dynamic SVM classifier.
A weighted difference scheme and monotone iterative methods for quasilinear boundary value problems

Abstract We consider the boundary value problem – y xx + f ( x , y ) y x + g ( x , y ) = 0, 0 x y (0) = b 0 , y (1) = b 1 . We present a weighted two sided difference scheme to approximate the differential equation. Monotone iterative methods are proposed to solve the resulting nonlinear system. The scheme applies equally well to multidimensional analogues. Numerical results are included.
Motivated person perception: Constructing justifications for desired beliefs

Abstract We propose that people motivated to hold particular beliefs about another person attempt to construct justifications for these desired beliefs. In so doing, they construct general beliefs from which the desired ones may be inferred. In Study 1 subjects motivated to see a target as high or low in ability (because he was to be their partner or opponent in an upcoming game) differed as expected in their beliefs about the target and also differed in their general beliefs about the ability of the target's peers and about the causal determinants of performance at a task in which the target had been observed. In Study 2 subjects motivated to see a member of a stigmatized group, schizophrenics, positively (because they expected to interact with him) expressed more positive stereotypes of that group than less motivated subjects (who expected only to observe such an interaction). In both studies the differing general beliefs may have been constructed so as to justify different desired beliefs about the targets.
Integrating Simulation into the Engineering Curriculum: A Case Study:

In this paper, we describe improved strategies for teaching computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using the commercial software ANSYS Fluent to upper-level undergraduates and graduate students. We consider a case study from an upper-level elective fluid dynamics course and evaluate various out-of-class learning materials and in-class active learning techniques. We show that, in agreement with previous research, most student learning happens out of class. We show a direct correlation between the materials developed in a reference hand-out and the students' expertise in the area. We introduced i-clickers as a means of promoting active learning in the classroom to emphasize the ‘expert approach’ in simulation. Their use received a mixed response from the students and we discuss the reasons and a possible remedy. We demonstrate that carefully designed out-of-class learning materials are crucial to students' learning of CFD, and that i-clickers have to be used with care if they are to be effective in engaging stu...
A survey of manufacturing engineering databases

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine current databases available for manufacturing engineering and summarizes their relevance.Design/methodology/approach – To promote research in manufacturing engineering, comprehensive literature should be made accessible through relevant databases. Databases not only provide information on global research but aid in assessing the impacts of research and identify promising research directions. The databases are presented in eight sections according to the type of document being sought.Findings – The manufacturing engineering literature is robust; there are excellent products available to support this highly technical field. The databases found are from many different sources: commercial publishers, professional organizations, national and international agencies, and collaborative endeavors.Research limitations/implications – Sources found originate mainly from the USA and Europe.Originality/value – This paper demonstrates the importance of literature mining ...
Intakes of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and fish in relation to measurements of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Background Data on the relations of different types of fish meals and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) with measures of atherosclerosis are sparse.
Fracture risk predictions based on statistical shape and density modeling of the proximal femur

Increased risk of skeletal fractures due to bone mass loss is a major public health problem resulting in significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in the case of hip fractures. Current clinical methods based on two-dimensional measures of bone mineral density (areal BMD or aBMD) are often unable to identify individuals at risk of fracture. We investigated predictions of fracture risk based on statistical shape and density modeling (SSDM) methods using a case-cohort sample of individuals from the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study. Baseline QCT data of the right femur were obtained for 513 individuals, including 45 who fractured a hip during follow-up (mean 6.9 year observation, validated by physician review). QCT data were processed for 450 individuals (including 40 fracture cases) to develop individual models describing three-dimensional bone geometry and density distribution. Comparison of mean fracture and non-case models indicated complex structural differences that appear to be responsible for resistance to hip fracture. Logistic regressions were used to model the relation of baseline hip BMD and SSDM weighting factors to the occurrence of hip fracture. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) for a prediction model based on weighting factors and adjusted by age was significantly greater than AUC for a prediction model based on aBMD and age (0.94 vs. 0.83, respectively). The SSDM-based prediction model adjusted by age correctly identified 55% of the fracture cases (and 94.7% of the non-cases), whereas the clinical standard aBMD correctly identified 10% of the fracture cases (and 91.3% of the non-cases). SSDM identifies subtle changes in combinations of structural bone traits (e.g., geometric and BMD distribution traits) that appear to indicate fracture risk. Investigation of important structural differences in the proximal femur between fracture and no-fracture cases may lead to improved prediction of those at risk for future hip fracture.
The Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome revisited: a potentially fatal multisystem disorder with prominent hepatopulmonary manifestations

4,4'-Diaminodiphenylsulphone (Dapsone) is widely used for a variety of infectious, immune and hypersensitivity disorders, with indications ranging from Hansen's disease, inflammatory disease and insect bites, all of which may be seen as manifestations in certain occupational diseases. However, the use of dapsone may be associated with a plethora of adverse effects, some of which may involve the pulmonary parenchyma. Methemoglobinemia with resultant cyanosis, bone marrow aplasia and/or hemolytic anemia, peripheral neuropathy and the potentially fatal dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS), the focus of this review, may all occur individually or in combination. DHS typically presents with a triad of fever, skin eruption, and internal organ (lung, liver, neurological and other systems) involvement, occurring several weeks to as late as 6 months after the initial administration of the drug. In this sense, it may resemble a DRESS syndrome (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms). DHS must be promptly identified, as untreated, the disorder could be fatal. Moreover, the pulmonary/systemic manifestations may be mistaken for other disorders. Eosinophilic infiltrates, pneumonitis, pleural effusions and interstitial lung disease may be seen. This syndrome is best approached with the immediate discontinuation of the offending drug and prompt administration of oral or intravenous glucocorticoids. An immunological-inflammatory basis of the syndrome can be envisaged, based on the pathological picture and excellent response to antiinflammatory therapy. Since dapsone is used for various indications, physicians from all specialties may encounter DHS and need to familiarize themselves with the salient features about the syndrome and its management.
Lipid Peroxidation and Lipid Antioxidants in Normal and Tumor Cells

AesruAcr lipid peroxidation is often low in tumor tissue as compared to the corresponding normal tissue and it ha5 been postulated that lipid peroxidation may be associated with cell division. In this paper the various contributory factors which control the rate of microsomal lipid peroxidation in normal rat liver and in the Novikoff hepatoma have been carefully analyzed. The low rate of lipid peroxidation in the hepatoma seems to be due to a combination of factors: low levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids and of cytochrome P-450 and elevated levels of lipid-soluble antioxidant. This lipid-soluble antioxidant is principally a-tocopherol.
Application of electrically peaking hybrid (ELPH) propulsion system to a full-size passenger car with simulated design verification

An electrically peaking hybrid electric (ELPH) propulsion system is being developed that has a parallel configuration. A small engine is used to supply power approximately equal to the average load power. The operation of the engine is managed by a vehicle controller and an engine controller such that the engine always operates with nearly full load-the optimal fuel economy operation. An induction motor is used to supply the peaking power required by the electrically peaking load. The motor can also absorb the excess power of the engine while the load power is less than the peak. This power, along with the regenerative braking power, can be used to charge the batteries on board to maintain the battery state-of-charge (SOC) at a reasonable level. With the electrically peaking principle, two control strategies for the drive train have been developed. One is called maximum battery SOC control strategy, by which the engine and electric motor are controlled so that the battery SOC is maintained at its top level as much as possible. This control strategy may be used in urban driving in which accelerating and decelerating driving is common and high-battery SOC is absolutely important for normal driving. The other control strategy is called engine turn-on and turn-off control by which the engine is controlled to operate in a turn-on and turn-off manner. This control strategy may be used in highway driving. Based on the ELPH principle and the drive train control strategies, a drive train for a full-size five-seat passenger car has been designed and verified using the V-ELPH computer simulation package.
Cortical development: With an eye on neurotrophins

Recent observations suggest that neurotrophins are involved in activity-dependent plasticity of the developing cerebral cortex. What molecular mechanisms underlie activity-dependent competition between axons for trophic factors?
A puzzling paediatric parotid haematoma

An unusual case of an intra-parotid haematoma is presented. The history was misleading and the ultrasound and CT results apparently contradictory. The investigations are explained in the light of the natural process of haematoma evolution. It is recommended that all radiological investigations be correlated by a single radiologist, and suggested that repeated ultrasound scans, at appropriate time intervals, might be used to confirm the diagnosis and follow the process of clot resolution.
A Review of Hepatitis B Management in Pre- and Post-Liver Transplant Recipients

Liver transplantation was approved for treatment of decompensated cirrhosis in the United States in 1983. Hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses are the leading causes of liver transplantation for viral hepatitis and hepatitis B is also an important cause of liver transplantation for called acute liver failure) due to either acute hepatitis B or an acute exacerbation of chronic hepatitis B. However, until the introduction of hepatitis B immunoglobulin and nucleoside/nucleotide analogues nearly twenty years ago, liver transplantation for hepatitis B was characterized by universal recurrence with a dismal prognosis. The widespread use of oral anti-virals in the US has led to a decreased incidence of decompensated liver disease and patients waitlisted for liver transplantation. Among patients listed for hepatocellular carcinoma, the decrease in waitlist registration was also least dramatic among patients with HBV, possibly related to the use of oral antivirals. At present, liver transplantation for hepatitis B, regardless of whether for decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma satisfying Milan criteria or acute liver failure has excellent outcomes with results comparable if not better to other liver transplant recipients. This article will review the management of patients with decompensated cirrhosis from HBV prior to liver transplantation, the use of hepatitis B positive donors and the prevention and management of hepatitis B after liver transplantation.
Retrotranslocation: Endoplasmic Reticulum's Junk Disposal Mechanism

The primary structure of polypeptides is converted to their final tertiary and quaternary structure by sequential maturation steps, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) provides the environment for the polypeptides to attain their proper 3-dimensional architecture. Proteins that misfold or fail to oligomerize with their partners (Chen et al., 1998; Wileman et al., 1990) are quickly degraded, as unfolded or unassembled proteins could interfere with normal cellular function. Retrotranslocation is the process by which terminally misfolded or unassembled ER proteins are translocated back into the cytosol for degradation mediated by the proteasomal machinery. Increasing amounts of evidence now support the fact that the same translocon pore that is involved in the translocation of polypeptides into the ER is also used for the retrotranslocation process. But questions, like how the misfolded proteins are recognized and targeted to the translocon pore, whether the process requires energy, and what pulls the polypeptides as they emerge out of the pore into the cytoplasm, remain to be elucidated. This review addresses our current knowledge about the retrotranslocation process.
The Reminiscences of Morris Davis

The following oral history is the result of a recorded interview with Morris D. Davis conducted by Myron A. Farber on March 20, 2012. Davis served as the Chief Prosecutor for the military commissions at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, from September 2005 until October 2007. He retired from the Air Force in October 2008 as a colonel after completing 25 years of service. This interview is part of the Columbia University Rule of Law Oral History Project. The reader is asked to bear in mind that s/he is reading a verbatim transcript of the spoken word, rather than written prose.
International Crises and Policy Responses in the Southern Cone

This document analyzes the patterns of fiscal and monetary policy in five economies of the Latin American Southern Cone (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) during four episodes of international crises: 1994, 1997-1999, 2001 and 2008. In contrast with earlier episodes when most countries in the region applied procyclical fiscal and monetary policies, the response of the five countries to the 2008 crisis was countercyclical. On the fiscal side, countries had a larger fiscal space in 2008 to implement a countercyclical policy thanks to increases in primary balances, improvements in sustainability indicators and a reduction in financing needs in the years before the crisis. On the monetary side, the capacity to implement countercyclical policy was supported by a shift towards more flexible exchange rate regimes, and monetary policy regimes that enhanced transparency, reduced price volatility and increased the credibility of monetary authorities. For countries to be able to implement countercyclical responses in future crisis episodes, the fiscal authorities should reverse expansionary measures during good times and Central Banks should meet their inflation targets to preserve fiscal space and anchor inflation expectations.
High T c via Spin Fluctuations from Incipient Bands: Application to Monolayers and Intercalates of FeSe

We investigate superconductivity in a two-band system with an electronlike and a holelike band, where one of the bands is away from the Fermi level (or "incipient"). We argue that the incipient band contributes significantly to spin-fluctuation pairing in the strong coupling limit where the system is close to a magnetic instability and can lead to a large T_{c}. In this case, T_{c} is limited by a competition between the frequency range of the coupling (set by an isolated paramagnon) and the coupling strength itself, such that a domelike T_{c} dependence on the incipient band position is obtained. The coupling of electrons to phonons is found to further enhance T_{c}. The results are discussed in the context of experiments on monolayers and intercalates of FeSe.
Analysis of Resistive and Capacitive Component of Leakage Current for Single Insulator

In order to study the various factors that affect the leakage current,this paper puts forward a new research method which divides the leakage current into resistive current and capacitive current.Based on a large number of data obtained from artificial contamination tests,the relationships among these two currents and contaminated conditions,voltage,relative humility,characteristics of insulator itself is studied.The results show that the resistive current is dependent on the contaminated conditions,relative humility,characteristics of insulator itself in the same voltage;the resistive current is much more sensitive to the change of the pollution degree and relative humidity in a good insulator,which makes it more comfortable to determine what the condition the insulator is;and the capacitive current is much more sensitive to the change of voltage in a bad insulator.The resistive current and capacitive current is more accurate and effective than the total current as the characteristic parameter of the on-line monitoring system.
Do No Child Left Behind Sanction Unfairly Target Poor, Minority Schools?

Since A Nation at Risk report was released in 1983, improving the quality of the educational system in the United States has been an issue of high national importance. To address the perceived failure of the American educational system, the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) implemented a combination of high-stakes testing and sanctions for low-performing schools. Twelve years after the passage of NCLB, serious disagreement still exists as to the efficacy and appropriateness of NCLB’s sanctions. In this paper, we examine recent data on California schools and find that a) that NCLB sanctions were more likely to be imposed on disproportionately poor, minority schools, yet b) schools facing NCLB sanctions improved more rapidly on standardized tests than did schools that did not face sanctions.
Modelling And Internal Model Control Of A Zymomonas Mobilis Fermentation For Ethanol Production

A continuous culture of Zymomonas mo-b^iis was controlled at predetermined optimal pH and temperature for specific ethanol productivity. The dynamic response of the reactor to step changes in dilut...
Requirements for the Interpolation Functions

Our procedure for formulating the individual element equations from a variational principle and our privilege to assemble these equations to obtain the system's (global) equations rely on the assumption that the interpolation functions satisfy certain requirements. The requirements we place on the choice of interpolation functions stem from the need to ensure that our approximate solution converges to the correct one when we use an increasing number of smaller elements, that is, when we refine the element mesh. Mathematical proofs of convergence assume that the process of mesh refinement occurs in a regular fashion as follows: • The elements must be made smaller in such a way that every point of the solution domain can always be within an element regardless of how small the element might be. • All previous meshes must be contained in the refined meshes. • The form of interpolation functions must remain unchanged during mesh refinement. These three conditions are illustrated in Figure 4.1, where a simple two dimensional solution domain in the form of an equilateral triangle is discretized with an increasing number of three-noded triangles. We note that when elements with straight boundaries are used to model solution domains with curved boundaries, the first two conditions are not satisfied, and rigorous mathematical proofs of convergence may not be obtainable. Despite this limitation, many applications of the finite element method to problems with non-polygonal solution domains yield acceptable engineering solutions.
Chapter III.10 – Tissue Engineering of the Peripheral Nervous System

Publisher Summary Despite recent efforts, there is still no clinically attractive alternative to nerve or vein autografts for repair of peripheral nerve defects. Much research is being devoted to the creation of the optimum nerve guidance channel, which will most likely incorporate multiple forms of stimuli for the regenerating nerve. The synthesis of additional novel and interactive biomaterials will open many doors for tissue engineering efforts in the nervous system. Biotechnology will also play a larger role, either by incorporation of cells genetically engineered to secrete neurotrophic or survival factors, or by direct incorporation of specifically tailored recombinant peptides or proteins (for example, adhesive ligand sequences, growth factors, enzyme pockets, and catalytic or inhibitory antibody fragments). In addition, drug delivery technology will become more critical for the design of the ideal nerve guidance channel (NGC). Techniques by which a series of bioactive molecules could be released over time in sequence with stages of regeneration may ultimately enhance repair in the PNS (peripheral nervous system), and potentially even in the CNS (central nervous system). In addition, more quantitative and uniform methods of analyzing regeneration need to be realized. Quantitative molecular analyses must be conducted in parallel with more phenomenological studies, so that ultimately, mechanistic models can be developed to make a priori predictions based on the biological responses of the regenerating nerve to stimulatory and inhibitory cues.
Philosophy of Logics: Sentences, statements, propositions

Three approaches A recurrent issue in the philosophy of logic concerns the question, with what kind of item logic deals, or perhaps primarily deals. The alternatives offered are usually sentences, statements and propositions, or, more rarely these days, judgments or beliefs. I have put the question in a deliberately vague way, since more than one issue seems to be involved. Once again, as with the issue about the meanings of connectives, quantifiers, etc., the problem concerns the relation between formal and informal arguments: what in informal arguments corresponds to the well-formed formulae of formal languages? It may be useful to distinguish three approaches to the question: (i) syntactic: what, in natural languages, is the analogue of the ‘ p ’, ‘ q ’ of formal logic? In speaking thus far of ‘sentence calculus’, I did not mean to beg this question. Some prefer to speak of ‘propositional calculus’, ‘propositional variables’, ‘propositional connectives’; and so far I have said nothing to justify my preference for the former usage. (ii) semantic: what kind of item is capable of truth and falsity? Since formal languages aim to represent those informal arguments which are valid extra-systematically, that is, which are truthpreserving, this will relate closely to the first issue. (iii) pragmatic: what kinds of item should one suppose to be the ‘objects’ of belief, knowledge, supposition, etc.? (‘Know’, ‘believe’, ‘suppose’, etc. are sometimes called the verbs of ‘propositional attitude’.) Since one can know, believe or suppose either something true or something false, the third will relate quite closely to the second issue.
High Dose Cytarabine and Clofarabine (HiDAC → CLOF) in Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia, a Phase 2 Trial.

High dose cytarabine (HiDAC) is the most effective single agent studied to date for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML); clofarabine (CLOF) is also an active single agent in AML. Preclinical data suggest synergy between cytarabine and clofarabine. Based on the results of a limited phase 1 trial (Blood 2006; 108: 221b), we conducted a phase 2 study of HiDAC (2g/m2 over 3 hours) followed immediately by CLOF (40 mg/m2 infused over 2 hours), given daily for 5 days, in 39 adults with AML in first relapse (n = 27), second relapse (n = 3), or refractory to initial induction chemotherapy (n = 9). Prophylactic intravenous hydrocortisone was incorporated to decrease the occurrence of skin toxicity. Patients with persistent leukemia on day 12–14 (n = 12) received a second course of HiDAC → CLOF for 3 days. The mean age was 53.4 years (range 18.4 – 79.0). Accrual began March 2006 and was completed in July 2008. Thirtyseven of 39 patients are evaluable for response (two patients were treated recently and are not included in this analysis): 14/37 achieved a complete remission (CR), 2/37 a CR with incomplete blood count recovery (CRi) for an overall response (CR or CRi) in 16/37 (43%; 95% CI 27 – 59%). Twelve of 37 (32%) patients had resistant disease, 3/37 (8%) died of complications during marrow aplasia, 5/37 (14%) died of complications of their AML with unknown bone marrow status, and 1/37 (3%) refused further evaluation or treatment. CR or CRi was achieved in 11/25 patients in first relapse, 2/3 in second relapse, and 3/9 with refractory AML. Twelve patients received a second induction – 2/12 (17%) achieved a CR and 1/12 (8%) a CRi. Toxicity data are complete in 36 patients; the most frequent grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities were transient elevations of AST/ALT observed in 23/36 (64%) patients, hyperbilirubinemia in 8/36 (22%), infection in 16/36 (44%), and rash in 8/36 (22%). Patients who achieved CR or CRi received up to 3 additional courses of HiDAC → CLOF each daily for 5 days. Twenty-seven of 39 (69%) patients have died with a median survival of 119 days (95% CI 71 – 322 days). In summary, HiDAC → CLOF is a very active combination in adults with relapsed and refractory AML, a group in whom CR/CRi rates of 30–35% are achieved with many salvage regimens. Toxicities are comparable to other salvage regimens with transient elevations in transaminases identified as the most frequent toxicity.
Advances of Research in Affective Processes in Communication and Collaboration

Affective processes have been an important research area for human factors and ergonomics. Although there is an obvious connection between affect and communication and collaboration, little researc...
Prediction Modeling for Academic Success in Professional Master's Athletic Training Programs.

Context: A common goal of professional education programs is to recruit the students best suited for the professional career. Selection of students can be a difficult process, especially if the number of qualified candidates exceeds the number of available positions. The ability to predict academic success in any profession has been a challenging proposition. No studies to date have examined admission predictors of professional master's athletic training programs (PMATP). Objective: The purpose of this study was to identify program applicant characteristics that are most likely to predict academic success within a PMATP. Design: Cohort-based. Setting: University professional PMATP. Patients or Other Participants: A cohort of 119 students who attended a PMATP for at least 1 year. Intervention(s): Common application data from subjects' applications to the university and the PMATP were gathered and used to create the prediction models. Main Outcome Measure(s): Sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio, and relati...
Emotion and Inequality in Maternity Care: Anguish and Anger in Prenatal Services for the Poor

Publisher Summary This chapter highlights that economically disadvantaged African American women have frequent experience with poor credibility and lack of communication in medical settings. Among women whose fear of poor health outcomes has a real basis, the sense of not being believed, of having their symptoms discredited, ignored or explained away in unintelligible jargon generates anxiety about their pregnancy and care. The lack of response to their anxiety appears to be a symptom of inadequate care. The African American women responded to this anxiety among their peers not by encouraging trust in their doctors, but by encouraging distrust. Group emotion management defined doctors' lack of response as injustice, calling for anger and self assertion. Demands for care, especially medical tests and other intrusive care, are deemed the appropriate patient behavior by these women. Assertiveness, even outright aggression in the face of poor care, is considered a positive action, met with approval by peers. Thus, the approved emotion and expression norms of medical settings were, for these women, in direct contradiction to the expectations into which the doctors and providers were socialized. The emotion and expression norms of these women are understandable in context of their experiences and their interpretations of behavior in the light of those experiences. However, their emotion and expression norms encourage actions that are almost diametrically opposed to the traditional ones of medical environments
Childhood and teenage physical activity and breast cancer risk.

Adult physical activity is associated with reduced breast cancer risk, but few studies have evaluated activity before adulthood. Early life may be an important period because of rapid breast development and hormonal changes. This study contributes new information by examining childhood (ages 5–12) and teenage (ages 13–19) activity separately and overall. The Sister Study is a cohort of 50,884 women aged 35–74. Women reported age 5–19 sports/exercise activities and age 10 and 16 unstructured activities. Both hours and MET-hours of activity were considered in association with breast cancer overall, by ER status, and by menopausal status. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated with Cox proportional hazards models. 2416 cases were diagnosed during follow-up (mean = 6.4 years). Participation in 7+ hours (vs <1 h) per week of sports/exercise during ages 5–19 was associated with reduced breast cancer risk (HR = 0.75; 95% CI 0.57–0.99). 7+ hours (vs <1 h) per week of unstructured physical activity at age 16, but not age 10, was inversely associated with breast cancer (HR = 0.81; 95% CI 0.70–0.95). Associations were more pronounced for ER+ tumors, especially for activity during the childhood (ages 5–12) period. Due to low correlation between childhood/teenage and adulthood activity in this study (r = 0.1), it is unlikely that recent activity explains our results. Findings from this large cohort indicate higher levels of physical activity during ages 5–19 are inversely associated with breast cancer risk, supporting early life as a window of susceptibility for breast cancer development.
Fabrication of strain gauge based sensors for tactile skins

Fabricating cost effective, reliable and functional sensors for electronic skins has been a challenging undertaking for the last several decades. Application of such skins include haptic interfaces, robotic manipulation, and physical human-robot interaction. Much of our recent work has focused on producing compliant sensors that can be easily formed around objects to sense normal, tension, or shear forces. Our past designs have involved the use of flexible sensors and interconnects fabricated on Kapton substrates, and piezoresistive inks that are 3D printed using Electro Hydro Dynamic (EHD) jetting onto interdigitated electrode (IDE) structures. However, EHD print heads require a specialized nozzle and the application of a high-voltage electric field; for which, tuning process parameters can be difficult based on the choice of inks and substrates. Therefore, in this paper we explore sensor fabrication techniques using a novel wet lift-off photolithographic technique for patterning the base polymer piezoresistive material, specifically Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) or PEDOT:PSS. Fabricated sensors are electrically and thermally characterized, and temperaturecompensated designs are proposed and validated. Packaging techniques for sensors in polymer encapsulants are proposed and demonstrated to produce a tactile interface device for a robot.
Work–Life Conflict of Globally Distributed Software Development Personnel: An Empirical Investigation Using Border Theory

While a key motivation for globally distributed software development (GDSD) is to harness appropriate human capital, ironically, scant attention has been paid to addressing the human resource manag...
Bilateral multicystic parotid masses in primary Sjögren syndrome.

We report the case of a 48-year-old woman who presented with bilateral parotid gland enlargement as the initial manifestation of primary Sjogren syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated mu...
AgentDesign: A tool to scaffold software design for elementary students

This paper provides the motivation for the design of a web-based planning tool called AgentDesign, a description of its components, and a discussion of elementary students' ability to use it for creating games. The planning tool presented in this paper was used to engage elementary students in an activity to design and then create a video game using an agent-based programming environment. The design of the planning tool was informed by prior research and literature on concept development. The tool scaffolded the design process by having students (1) describe their game, (2) identify agents, (3) describe agent behavior, and (4) use those descriptions to identify useful algorithms. The set of algorithms used were called computational thinking patterns (CTPs), and sample code was provided for each CTP to assist the programming process. From the information provided by the student a summary was created to show needed agents and helpful programming code.