cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electron capture negative ion and positive ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of polychlorinated phenoxyanisoles

Several polychlorinated phenoxyphenols with three to nine chlorine atoms were examined as their methyl ethers by electron capture negative ion and positive ion chemical ionization and electron impact mass spectrometry. In chemical ionization studies methane, hydrogen, nitrogen, helium and argon were used as reagent gases. Selected compounds were also examined with deuteriomethane, ammonia and deuterioammonia as reagent gases. Utilization of chemical ionization spectra in conjuction with electron impact spectra provides substantial structural information about these compounds. Chemical ionization spectra provide information about chlorine atom substitution. The position of phenoxy substitution can be established from electron capture negative ion and positive ion spectra.
Characterization and modeling of AlGaN/GaN MOS capacitor with leakage for large signal transistor modeling

Dual mode AlGaN/GaN metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) heterostructure field-effect transistor (HFET) devices were fabricated and characterized. In HFET mode of operation the devices showed an f/sub t//spl middot/L/sub g/ product of 12GHz/spl middot//spl mu/m at Vgs=-2 V. The AlGaN devices showed formation of an accumulation layer under the gate in forward bias and a f/sub t//spl middot/L/sub g/ product of 6GHz/spl middot//spl mu/m was measured at Vgs=5 V. A novel piecewise small signal model for the gate capacitance of MOS HFET devices is presented and procedures to extract the capacitance in presence of gate leakage are outlined. The model accurately fits measured data from 45MHz to 10GHz over the entire bias range of operation of the device.
Kinetics and regulation of a polarized Na(+)-H+ exchanger from Caco-2 cells, a human intestinal cell line

The kinetics and regulation of Na(+)-H+ exchange were studied using BCECF to measure pHi in Caco-2 cells grown on membrane filters. Na(+)-H+ exchange was defined as a Na(+)-dependent H+ efflux in response to an acid load imposed by an NH4Cl prepulse in the absence of added CO2. Na(+)-H+ exchange was present exclusively on the basolateral membrane, had a Kt (Na+) of 21 +/- 2 mM, and an ID50 for amiloride dependent on medium [Na+] with an apparent Ki for amiloride of 3 microM. Na(+)-H+ exchange rates had a greater than first-order dependence on intracellular [H+], suggesting the presence of an internal proton modifier site. Results also suggest that Na(+)-H+ exchange is kinetically inactivated at resting pHi (7.35 +/- 0.02), since neither removal of Na+ nor addition of amiloride affected resting pHi, although monensin alkalinized cells to pHi 7.6. To evaluate regulation of Na(+)-H+ exchange, cells were exposed to either forskolin, 1,9-dideoxyforskolin (a noncyclase-activating forskolin derivative), 8-BrcAMP, E. coli STa toxin, ionomycin, phorbol dibutyrate, or cellular shrinkage in hypertonic medium. Only forskolin and 1,9-dideoxyforskolin caused a significant change (inhibition) in Na(+)-H+ exchange rate. Experiments performed with the Ussing chamber-voltage clamp technique verified that forskolin, 8-BrcAMP, E. coli STa toxin, ionomycin, and phorbol dibutyrate increased transepithelial Isc, verifying that all the regulatory pathways tested were functional and responsive to agonists. Results suggested that the Isc was due to Cl- secretion, since no net transcellular Na+ or Cl- flux was detected in basal conditions, and the Isc response to forskolin was abolished by omission of serosal Cl-. Because forskolin, but not 1,9-dideoxyforskolin, increased both cellular cAMP and Isc, the inhibition of Na(+)-H+ exchange by forskolin derivatives was mediated by a mechanism not involving activation of adenylyl cyclase. In conclusion, Caco-2 cells use a basolateral Na(+)-H+ exchanger to regulate pHi, but this exchanger is not affected by cell shrinkage or second messenger pathways that regulate Na(+)-H+ exchangers in other cell systems.
Circulating progesterone dynamics after intravaginal instillation of prostaglandin-F2α to lactating dairy cows

Our objectives were to evaluate circulating progesterone (P4) concentration dynamics and test the feasibility of inducing luteal regression after intravaginal (IVG) instillation of the PGF2α analogue dinoprost (PGF) in lactating dairy cows. In two experiments, cows were synchronized using the Ovsynch protocol to induce the formation of a corpus luteum (CL). Cows with at least one functional (P4 ≥1 ng/mL) CL ≥15 mm 7.5 days after Ovsynch remained in the studies. In experiment 1, cows (n = 31) were stratified by parity group and received 5 mL of saline IVG (SAL-IVG, n = 6), 25 mg of PGF intramuscular (IM) (PGF25-IM, n = 7), 25 mg of PGF IVG (PGF25-IVG, n = 6), 50 mg of PGF IVG (PGF50-IVG, n = 6), and 125 mg of PGF IVG (PGF125-IVG, n = 6). Experiment 2 was conducted to test the hypothesis that IVG instillation of two 25 mg doses of PGF 12 hours apart would be more effective than a 25- or 50-mg dose in a single application. Cows (n = 32) were stratified by parity and received SAL-IVG (n = 7), PGF25-IM (n = 7), PGF25-IVG (n = 6), and PGF50-IVG (n = 6) as in experiment 1, whereas another group received two IVG instillations of 25 mg of PGF 12 hours apart (PGF25-2X-IVG, n = 6). Blood was collected at −1 hour, every 6 hours from 0 hour to 24 hours, and every 12 hours up to 96 hours after treatment (trt). In experiment 1, there was an effect of trt (P < 0.01), time (P < 0.001), and an interaction between trt and time on P4 concentrations (P < 0.001). All PGF-treated groups had lower (P < 0.05) concentrations of P4 than cows in the SAL-IVG group from 12 to 96 hours after trt. Although an initial decline in P4 concentrations was induced in all PGF-treated cows, some cows in the IVG-treated groups presented a rebound in plasma P4, indicating CL recovery. More cows in the PGF25-IVG and PGF125-IVG groups than in the PGF50-IVG and PGF25-IM groups presented CL recovery, suggesting that greater doses of PGF may not necessarily improve CL regression. In experiment 2, there was an effect of trt (P < 0.001), time (P < 0.001), and an interaction between trt and time on P4 concentrations (P < 0.001). All PGF-treated groups had lower (P < 0.05) P4 than the SAL-IVG group from 12 to 96 hours after trt. Cows in the PGF25-2X-IVG group had a P4 profile that was similar to that of cows in the PGF25-IM group and the lowest P4 concentrations after treatment among the IVG-treated groups, and all cows presented complete CL regression (defined as P4 <0.4 ng/mL). We conclude that CL regression can be induced through IVG instillation of PGF in lactating dairy cows and that instillation of two IVG doses of 25 mg of PGF 12 hours apart was the most effective strategy.
Helicobacter pylori Diversity and Gastric Cancer Risk

ABSTRACT Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection is the strongest known risk factor for this malignancy. An important goal is to identify H. pylori-infected persons at high risk for gastric cancer, so that these individuals can be targeted for therapeutic intervention. H. pylori exhibits a high level of intraspecies genetic diversity, and over the past two decades, many studies have endeavored to identify strain-specific features of H. pylori that are linked to development of gastric cancer. One of the most prominent differences among H. pylori strains is the presence or absence of a 40-kb chromosomal region known as the cag pathogenicity island (PAI). Current evidence suggests that the risk of gastric cancer is very low among persons harboring H. pylori strains that lack the cag PAI. Among persons harboring strains that contain the cag PAI, the risk of gastric cancer is shaped by a complex interplay among multiple strain-specific bacterial factors as well as host factors. This review discusses the strain-specific properties of H. pylori that correlate with increased gastric cancer risk, focusing in particular on secreted proteins and surface-exposed proteins, and describes evidence from cell culture and animal models linking these factors to gastric cancer pathogenesis. Strain-specific features of H. pylori that may account for geographic variation in gastric cancer incidence are also discussed.
Integrating Tissue Microenvironment with Scaffold Design to Promote Immune-Mediated Regeneration

The role of tissue and immune microenvironments has played a large role in fields such as tumor immunology. Recently, there has been interest in the role of the immune microenvironment in tissue engineering, more specifically how that environment can influence regeneration. Immune cells secrete a diverse repertoire of signaling molecules that can influence other immune cells as well as surrounding parenchyma. In regenerating tissues, these signaling molecules become very important in tissue growth and differentiation. In vitro studies include the role of a scaffold in macrophage polarization, a critical determinant in regenerative success. In vivo innate and adaptive immune responses to varying scaffolds give us insights into the correct scaffold to choose for the goal tissue to be regenerated. By combining the optimum regenerative immune environment with the innate polarization tendencies of scaffolds, we will be better able to cater specific scaffolds to their applications and improve clinical outcomes.
Cultural bias in testing: A review of literature and implications for music education

The findings and discussions related to cultural bias in testing have in no way been unanimous. However, the considerations of this area of inquiry may possess meaningful implications for educators...
Surface and Wall Sprays of Malathion for Controlling Insect Populations in Stored Shelled Corn

Corn storcd in 16 circular metal bins 114.53 m3 (3250 bu) was observed for a period of 15 mo. Four of the lots of corn were sprayed with malathion on the surface, 4 were surface sprayed and a spray applied to the outside wall of the bin, and 4 sprayed only on the outside wall of the bin. The remaining 4 bins served as controls. Samples were drawn to assess the numbers and specics of live insect at monthly intervals. The surface spray application reduced the insect populations whether it was used alone or in combination with the wall spray. The wall spray alone did little to reduce populations.
Loss of organ specific characteristics of hog thyroid cells during growth in vitro.

SummaryNormal hog thyroid glands were treated with enzyme and the dispersed cells cultured in vitro. Radioactive iodide (I125) was added to the growth medium so that the duration of synthesis of thyroglobulin, MIT, DIT, T3, and T4 could be measured. Thyroglobulin production was measured by radio-immunoelectrophoresis and tanned cell hemagglutination inhibition tests. The iodinated amino acids were analyzed by hydrolyzing cell sonicates and separating the iodoamino-acids by thin-layer chromatography. Radioactivity of each amino acid was detected by direct counting in a well scintillation counter and by observation of a radioautograph prepared from a duplicate chromatography plate. Thyroglobulin was synthesized during the first 3 days of in vitro growth. Radioactively labeled T3 and T4 were detected during this same time period. The synthesis of MIT and DIT continued for at least 2 additional days. Serum albumin containing I125 was detected by radioimmunoelectrophoresis during the first 7 days of growth. Ho...
A minimally invasive method for creating coronary stenosis in a swine model for MRI and SPECT imaging.

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To develop a less-invasive method for creating coronary stenosis in an animal model for the study of myocardial perfusion defects by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). METHODS Eleven farm pigs were instrumented with an MR-compatible coronary flow-reduction fitting in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). These fittings were turned from a nylon rod, tapered from a maximum outer diameter of 3 mm, and drilled to a specified inner diameter (depending on the degree of coronary stenosis desired). The flow-reducing fittings were delivered over a coronary guidewire and advanced to a wedge position in the proximal LAD with an angioplasty catheter via a carotid artery approach. Perfusion determined by contrast-enhanced MRI at peak dipyridamole stress was compared with that obtained by 99mTc sestamibi SPECT. Radiolabeled microspheres were injected at rest, after stenosis implantation, and at peak pharmacological stress to establish the severity of the coronary lesion. RESULTS Coronary stenosis was successfully created in seven animals. Mild coronary stenoses (<60%) were created in four animals. Significant coronary stenoses (80%-90%) were created in three animals. Thrombosis of the coronary flow-reducing fittings was observed in four animals, leading to sudden death in three animals and myocardial infarction in one animal. CONCLUSIONS This method of angioplasty-guided, LAD coronary stenosis creation in a swine model presents a less-invasive alternative to open-chest techniques such as hydraulic occluders and ameroid constrictors.
Jaak Panksepp’s Response: Commentary by Howard Shevrin

(1999). Jaak Panksepp’s Response: Commentary by Howard Shevrin. Neuropsychoanalysis: Vol. 1, No. 2, pp. 247-250.
Pharmacokinetics of isoflavones from soy infant formula in neonatal and adult rhesus monkeys

Consumption of soy infant formula represents a unique exposure scenario in which developing children ingest a mixture of endocrine-active isoflavones along with a substantial portion of daily nutrition. Genistein and daidzein were administered as glucoside conjugates to neonatal rhesus monkeys in a fortified commercial soy formula at 5, 35, and 70 days after birth. A single gavage dosing with 10 mg/kg bw genistein and 6 mg/kg bw daidzein was chosen to represent the upper range of typical daily consumption and to facilitate complete pharmacokinetic measurements for aglycone and total isoflavones and equol. Adult monkeys were also gavaged with the same formula solution at 2.8 and 1.6 mg/kg bw genistein and daidzein, respectively, and by IV injection with isoflavone aglycones (5.2 and 3.2 mg/kg bw, respectively) to determine absolute bioavailability. Significant differences in internal exposure were observed between neonatal and adult monkeys, with higher values for dose-adjusted AUC and Cmax of the active aglycone isoflavones in neonates. The magnitude and frequency of equol production by the gut microbiome were also significantly greater in adults. These findings are consistent with immaturity of metabolic and/or physiological systems in developing non-human primates that reduces total clearance of soy isoflavones from the body.
Survey on Disinfection Effectiveness of Medical Institutions in Yongzhou from 2001 to 2008

Objective To investigate the current situation of disinfection in medical care units of Yongzhou,to find out the weak points and the improvement methods,and to control the nosocomial infection. Methods Many samples,including room air,thimerosal,medical disposables,object surface,medical professionals' fingers and sterilizer from municipal or county medical institutions,infirmary in various organizations,were assessed during the period of 2001～2008. Results Totally 8,205 samples were collected during the period of 2001～2008,and 7,602 samples were qualified,with the qualified rate of 92.7%.The passing rates from 2001 to 2008 were 87.5%,88.9%,90.6%,91.8%,95.0%,95.3%,96.0% and 96.1%,respectively.The total passing rate from 2001 to 2004 was 90.0%,while it was 95.6% from 2005 to 2008.The total passing rate of municipal medical institutions was the highest(95.0%),while that of infirmaries in various organizations was lowest(86.4%).The total passing rate of county medical institutions was 93.1%.The passing rates of different sources,including room air,medical disposables,object surface,medical professionals' fingers and sterilizer were 85.4%,96.4%,97.0%,90.0%,90.8% and 98.4%,respectively. Conclusions The effectiveness of disinfection of medical institutions in Yongzhou is favorable and the passing rate shows a gradually increasing tendency.The higher the level of medical institution,and the higher the passing rate of disinfection.The effectiveness of disinfection was improved significantly after the intervention conducted in 2002 and 2003.But the cleanness consciousness of medical professionals and disinfection of infirmaries in various organizations should be enhanced.
Critical Review of Noninvasive Optical Technologies for Wound Imaging.

Significance: Noninvasive imaging approaches can provide greater information about a wound than visual inspection during the wound healing and treatment process. This review article focuses on various optical imaging techniques developed to image different wound types (more specifically ulcers). Recent Advances: The noninvasive optical imaging approaches in this review include hyperspectral imaging, multispectral imaging, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS), diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, optical coherence tomography, laser Doppler imaging, laser speckle imaging, spatial frequency domain imaging, and fluorescence imaging. The various wounds imaged using these techniques include open wounds, chronic wounds, diabetic foot ulcers, decubitus ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and burns. Preliminary work in the development and implementation of a near-infrared optical scanner for wound imaging as a noncontact hand-held device is briefly described. The technology is based on NIRS and has demonstrated its potential to ...
The role animals play in enhancing quality of life for the elderly

Publisher Summary Many institutions for the elderly have resident pets, and many have regular pet visitation programs. While many studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of contact with pets for a variety of persons, including the elderly, the long-term effects of resident pets and pet visitation programs have not been examined. Nonetheless, the idea of bringing pets into contact with institutionalized elderly has become quite popular in the United States and elsewhere. There is no doubt that the presence of pets in a setting such as a nursing home, where one ordinarily does not expect to see them, provides a source of distraction and novelty. All one has to do is witness the attention a dog gets as it walks into a unit. Residents, staff, and visitors descend on the dog almost like it is a magnet. Yet, the question that remains to be answered is what the long-term effects of contact with a companion animal for the institutionalized elderly are. Distraction from one's ordinary daily life in a nursing home is not without merit. Also, pets provide a source of affectionate physical contact that often is lacking in an institutional setting. Perhaps these effects are enough to justify the cost of maintaining these programs. There are important areas to consider in instituting an animal-assisted therapy program.
Efficient Performance Analysis of Band-Limited Slotted CDMA Wireless Packet Networks

The paper presents an efficient method for performance analysis of slotted code-division multiple-access (CDMA) networks over band-limited channels. The method employs optimal second-order Chebyshev interpolations to simplify an improved Gaussian approximation for packet success probability (PSP), taking into account bit-to-bit error dependence , the variance of the multiple-access interference and error-correction coding. Effective network throughput is then calculated from the PSP. Numerical simulation results show that the method can compute network throughput significantly more accurately than one based on a standard Gaussian approximation, yet the computational costs of the former are only slightly higher.
A Mechanism Based Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model of the Effect of a Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor on Erythropoietic Response In Mice

Abstract 4769 Background: The oxygen sensing pathway is one of the major controlling mechanisms of erythropoiesis in humans and other mammals. The transcription factor, Hypoxia-Inducible-Factor (HIF) regulates the local gene expression of the hormone erythropoietin (EPO). Degradation of HIF1α is regulated via oxygen dependent pathway by Prolyl Hydroxylases (PHDs) enzymes and the inhibition of PHD enzyme activity stimulates the erythropoietic response. The purpose of this study was to develop a mechanistic Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) model to describe the effect of a Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor (PHI) on the erythropoietic process in mice. Methods: PHI was given orally at three single doses of 10, 30 and 100mg/kg to male BALB/C mice (N=3-6, per time point). The blood plasma and kidney tissue samples were collected upto 96hrs. The PD markers were: kidney HIF1α concentration, kidney EPO mRNA expression, EPO plasma concentration and reticulocyte count. A two compartment model with first order absorption was fitted to describe the PK in plasma. Two different dose dependent apparent volume of distribution was assumed for the central (plasma) compartment at lower and higher doses. For the PD model, under quassi steady state assumption the enzymatic hydroxylation leading to degradation of HIF1α by PHDs is assumed to be an irreversible reaction. The drug present in plasma stimulates the removal of PHDs which results in accumulation of HIF1α and further EPO stimulation. This stimulation of kidney EPO mRNA, EPO protein level and reticulocytes were described by a cascade of indirect response models. ADAPT5 was used for all model fittings. Results: At higher PHI dose levels, ~30-40 fold increase in HIF1α was observed which caused ~1000 fold increase in EPO mRNA and EPO plasma concentrations within 6–8 hrs whereas the reticulocytes level increased by 3–4 fold within 3–5 days of single dose administration. Model parameters such as PHI elimination rate (kel, 0.43hr -1 ), the dose dependent apparent volume of distribution (V/F, 2–8L), the drug potency (IC50, 0.68μ M) for the degradation of PHDs; rate of loss ( kout, 0.26hr -1 ) of HIF1α; the depletion rate of EPO mRNA ( kd1 , 0.48hr -1 ), plasma EPO ( kd2 , 0.25hr -1 ); and half maximal effective concentration ( EC50 , 7.01 ng/mL) of EPO for reticulocyte stimulation were estimated with high precision levels. Overall, the PK/PD model adaquetly captured the experimental data for all three doses. Conclusion: The erythropoietic process follows a cascade of biological events which is well described by the presented PK/PD model. Our model uses the systems biology approach to vertically integrate the intracellular HIF1α and EPO mRNA responses with in vivo markers of erythropoiesis such as EPO plasma levels and reticulocyte counts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Enhancing Reading Comprehension with Student-Centered iPad Applications

Reading comprehension, or understanding the author’s message, is a critical component of teaching literacy (Hougen and Smartt 2012). Student-centered activities using the iPad with the goal of improving reading comprehension in a fifth-grade classroom were implemented for this action research study. University teacher candidates guided fifth-grade students in completing the iPad reading comprehension activities. Findings indicate that the fifth-grade students increased their reading achievement scores to a statistically significant degree during the period of this study. These students also reported more enjoyment and understanding of reading. The university teacher candidates who participated also expressed that they gained valuable experience as they worked on a technology-enhanced learning experience with actual students. This study suggests that student-centered reading comprehension activities on the iPad can lead to better student achievement in reading comprehension.
Socialist realism and literary theory

FOR UNDERSTANDABLE REASONS, most discussions of socialist realism resemble elegies more than analyses. They usually lament the passing of the pre-revolutionary tradition, deplore the brutal methods by which literature has been emasculated and writers silenced, and condemn the government policies that have rewarded a Fadeev with a Stalin prize and removed Dostoevsky from the secondary school curriculum. Now, I also prefer Dostoevsky to Fadeev and think that literature in the Soviet Union is not fulfilling the social functions I would most like to see literature fulfill. That said, however, I also think that the elegiac is not the only mode for writing about socialist realism. There is, or should be, room for the sort of analysis that would treat socialist realism as a literary fact, not simply an unfortunate political consequence, without being accused of apologizing for it. The aim of this essay is to suggest some fruitful ways of looking at socialist realism and the socialist realist novel-fruitful, that is, for our understanding of the nature and function of literature as a whole. However poor socialist realism may be when judged by the standards usually employed in the West to praise Dostoevsky and Dickens, it can still serve as a useful test case for thinking about key problems in contemporary literary theory, literary history, and comparative literature.
Impact Biomechanics of the Pelvis

Pelvis is the Latin word for basin. It holds the organs of the lower abdomen and is anatomically part of the abdomen but the skeletal pelvis has a load bearing function because it transmits the weight of the head and torso to the lower extremities via the sacrum which is firmly attached to the pelvis. In this chapter, we will study the biomechanics of pelvic response to impact and the injuries that result from pelvic impact. The pelvis also plays a crucial role in restraining automotive occupants during a crash because the lapbelt is designed to hold the torso to the seat so that it can ride down with the car and prevent severe impacts of the head and the torso against parts of the vehicle.
What will my child's future hold? phenotypes of intellectual development in 2-8-year-olds with autism spectrum disorder.

Author(s): Solomon, Marjorie; Iosif, Ana-Maria; Reinhardt, Vanessa P; Libero, Lauren E; Nordahl, Christine W; Ozonoff, Sally; Rogers, Sally J; Amaral, David G | Abstract: We examined phenotypes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) based on trajectories of intellectual development from early (ages 2-3 ½) to middle (ages 5-8) childhood in a recent clinically ascertained cohort. Participants included 102 children (82 males) initially diagnosed with ASD from the Autism Phenome Project longitudinal sample. Latent class growth analysis was used to identify distinct IQ trajectories. Baseline and developmental course differences among groups were assessed using univariate techniques and repeated measures regression models, respectively. A four class model best represented the data. Using the highest posterior probability, participants were assigned to High Challenges (25.5%), Stable Low (17.6%), Changers (35.3%), and Lesser Challenges (21.6%) groups. The High Challenges and Stable Low groups exhibited persistently low IQ, although, the High Challenges group experienced declines while the Stable Low group's scores remained more constant. Changers showed IQ improvement of g 2 standard deviations. The Lesser Challenges group had IQs in the average range at both times that were about 1 standard deviation higher at T2. In summation, 75% of the participants experienced some relative improvements in intellectual and/or other areas of functioning between ages 2 and 8 years. The Changers group demonstrated the most significant IQ change that was accompanied by adaptive communication improvement and declining externalizing symptoms. Only the Lesser Challenges group showed a significant reduction in ASD symptom severity, such that by age 8, 14% of them no longer met ADOS-2 criteria for ASD. All groups showed reductions in internalizing symptoms. Intervention history was not associated with group status. Autism Res 2018, 11: 121-132. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Lay summaryWe examined how the IQs of children with autism spectrum disorder change between ages 2 and 8, and identified four patterns. Two groups exhibited persistently lower IQs. One group showed IQ increases of greater than 30 points with improved communicate abilities and declining disruptive behaviors. The final group had IQs in the average or better range at both time points, and 14% of them lost their diagnoses. Over half of the children experienced improved intellectual functioning between ages 2 and 8, whereas about 25% showed declines. Findings were not associated with intervention history.
Stable Isotope Pharmacokinetic Studies Provide Insight into Effects of Age, Sex, and Weight on Levothyroxine Metabolism.

Background: This study sought to determine whether levothyroxine pharmacokinetics (PKs) are affected by age, weight, and sex. Methods: A PK study was performed after administration of a tracer dose...
Incorporating Quality Improvement into the Third-Year Neurology Curriculum (P2.380)

Objective: To provide third-year medical students with quality improvement experience and raise awareness about the importance of quality improvement initiatives for delivering safe and effective patient care. Background: In recent years quality improvement has become an increasingly important topic among the medical community. In fact, the AAMC, ACGME, and individual residency review committees all mandate that quality improvement be incorporated into healthcare curricula across training levels. Meta-analyses of existing quality improvement curricula suggest that the most successful programs are those that involve experiential learning by giving trainees the opportunity to implement, reflect on, and conceptualize healthcare interventions. Furthermore, exposure to quality improvement concepts during medical school better prepares residents to meet their required competencies by the end of training. Although many medical schools involve students in quality improvement projects, there are no reports of formal quality improvement education incorporated into the Neurology curriculum. Design/Methods: Third-year medical students at Boston University School of Medicine select two inpatients that they work with during their Neurology clerkship. With guidance from the medical team, students develop a comprehensive discharge plan that includes outstanding issues, continuing medications, and follow-up appointments. Students review the plan with patients prior to discharge and document each interaction on a standardized form. Data collection began in May 2015 and will continue throughout the current academic year. Results: 61 students have participated in the project thus far, providing discharge education to 111 neurology patients. The majority of patients were male, Caucasian, and English speaking. Ages ranged from 20-98 years, with an average of 63 years. 45[percnt] of patients were admitted for stroke/TIA, and 59[percnt] had a follow-up neurology appointment scheduled at discharge. Conclusions: We present an initiative that gives medical students quality improvement experience and may help reduce patient readmissions. Data analysis is ongoing with final results anticipated in Spring 2016. Disclosure: Dr. Liyanage-Don has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hohler has nothing to disclose.
Does the chronic care model meet the emerging needs of people living with multimorbidity? A systematic review and thematic synthesis.

Background The Chronic Care Model (CCM) emerged in the 1990s as an approach to re-organize primary care and implement critical elements that enable it to proactively attend to patients with chronic conditions. The chronic care landscape has evolved further, as most patients now present with multiple chronic conditions and increasing psychosocial complexity. These patients face accumulating and overwhelming complexity resulting from the sum of uncoordinated responses to each of their problems. Minimally Disruptive Medicine (MDM) was proposed to respond to this challenge, aiming at improving outcomes that matter to patients with the smallest burden of treatment. We sought to critically appraise the extent to which MDM constructs (e.g., reducing patient work, improving patients’ capacity) have been adopted within CCM implementations. Methods We conducted a systematic review and qualitative thematic synthesis of reports of CCM implementations published from 2011–2016. Results CCM implementations were mostly aligned with the healthcare system’s goals, condition-specific, and targeted disease-specific outcomes or healthcare utilization. No CCM implementation addressed patient work. Few reduced treatment workload without adding additional tasks. Implementations supported patient capacity by offering information, but rarely offered practical resources (e.g., financial assistance, transportation), helped patients reframe their biography with chronic illness, or assisted them in engaging with a supportive social network. Few implementations aimed at improving functional status or quality of life, and only one-third of studies were targeted for patients of low socioeconomic status. Conclusion MDM provides a lens to operationalize how to care for patients with multiple chronic conditions, but its constructs remain mostly absent from how implementations of the CCM are currently reported. Improvements to the primary care of patients with multimorbidity may benefit from the application of MDM, and the current CCM implementations that do apply MDM constructs should be considered exemplars for future implementation work.
Geomechanical modeling of pore pressure in evolving salt systems

Abstract We predict pore pressure and stress in an evolving salt basin (salt rising as a diapir and developing into a sheet) using a transient, large-strain, evolutionary geomechanical model. This model simulates mudrocks with a poro-elastoplastic material and couples sedimentation with salt deformation and porous-fluid flow. We show that pore pressures near salt are higher than predicted by assuming vertical uniaxial deformation. During salt-sheet emplacement, subsalt pore pressures equal the weight of salt, resulting in low effective stresses and very low sediment strength. We find that a dissipation zone develops parallel to the base of salt, allowing excess pore pressure to decrease with time by lateral drainage. In addition, we show that welding of the source layer and pedestal subsidence affect pore pressure in the deeper parts of the basin. We discuss how changes in both pore pressure and least principal stress lead to a narrow drilling window subsalt. We translate our stress field into an equivalent P-wave velocity field and find very low seismic velocities below salt. Finally, we compare our geomechanical pore-pressure prediction with that of porosity–effective stress workflows. We demonstrate the role of mean total stress in pressure prediction. In addition, we show that the prediction accuracy of porosity-based workflows depends on the relative level of shear (q/σ′m) in their calibration dataset, and how this ratio compares to the field (q/σ′m)field. Overall, our transient evolutionary model provides an estimate of the full stress tensor and pore pressure over time, and can help identify potential hazardous areas below salt. Our study illustrates the relative contribution of stress-tensor invariants to pore pressure and errors resulting from their omission. Furthermore, it advances our fundamental understanding of the interaction between fluid pressure, stress, and deformation in salt basins.
Predicting men’s immediate reactions to a simulated date’s sexual rejection: The effects of hostile masculinity, impersonal sex, and hostile perceptions of the woman.

Objective Aggression is a common response to many types of social rejection. Men who respond aggressively to a woman's sexual rejection are likely to score high on risk factors associated with sexual aggression and to convince themselves that she is at fault. This study investigated how sexual dominance motivation and casual sex attitudes interact with "in the moment" hostile perceptions of the woman to predict the likelihood of an aggressive response. Method Male participants (N = 77) completed an online survey including self-report measures of sexual dominance motivation and casual sex attitudes. In a separate session, participants completed a laboratory study in which they interacted with a female agent in a dating simulation, allowing them to make nonsexual choices, sexual choices that were accepted, and sexual choices that were rejected. Immediate responses to sexual rejection were categorized as aggressive (n = 25) or nonaggressive (n = 52). After the simulation ended, participants answered questions about their perceptions of the situation and the woman. Moderated multiple logistic regression analyses were used to test the hypotheses. Results The hypothesized interactions were found such that men with high scores on sexual dominance motivation and positive attitudes about casual sex had a greater probability of responding aggressively when they formed extremely hostile perceptions of the woman who rejected them. Conclusions These findings provide insight into the processes by which men respond aggressively to women's refusals, and highlight the need for training that encourages benevolent attributions and nonviolent strategies to deal with sexual rejection.
Biodistribution and Radiation Dosimetry of 124I-DPA-713, a PET Radiotracer for Macrophage-Associated Inflammation.

Whole-body PET/CT was performed using 124I-DPA-713, a radioligand for the 18-kDa translocator protein (TSPO), to determine biodistribution and radiation dosimetry. Methods: Healthy subjects aged 18–65 y underwent whole-body PET/CT either at 4, 24, and 48 h or at 24, 48, and 72 h after intravenous injection of 124I-DPA-713. Time–activity curves were generated and used to calculate organ time-integrated activity coefficients for each subject. The resulting time-integrated activity coefficients provided input data for calculation of organ absorbed doses and effective dose for each subject using OLINDA. Subjects were genotyped for the TSPO polymorphism rs6971, and plasma protein binding of 124I-DPA-713 was measured. Results: Three male and 3 female adults with a mean age of 40 ± 19 y were imaged. The mean administered activity and mass were 70.5 ± 5.1 MBq (range, 62.4–78.1 MBq) and 469 ± 34 ng (range, 416–520 ng), respectively. There were no adverse or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects in any of the 6 subjects. No changes in vital signs, laboratory values, or electrocardiograms were observed. 124I-DPA-713 cleared rapidly (4 h after injection) from the lungs, with hepatic elimination and localization to the gastrointestinal tract. The mean effective dose over the 6 subjects was 0.459 ± 0.127 mSv/MBq, with the liver being the dose-limiting organ (0.924 ± 0.501 mGy/MBq). The percentage of free radiotracer in blood was approximately 30% at 30 and 60 min after injection. Conclusion:124I-DPA-713 clears rapidly from the lungs, with predominantly hepatic elimination, and is safe and well tolerated in healthy adults.
High Tibial Osteotomy in Cartilage Repair

Deformity of the knee associated with osteoarthrosis (OA) is a common presenting complaint to the orthopedic surgeon. In a normal knee, approximately 60 % of the weight-bearing forces are transmitted through the medial compartment and 40 % through the lateral compartment. The varus knee with unicompartmental OA of the medial compartment has an altered limb alignment and subsequently more load is distributed to the affected compartment. Despite the expanding indications for knee arthroplasty, it is advantageous to delay arthroplasty given the higher wear rate and likelihood of future complex revisions if the primary surgery is performed in patients at a young age [1]. Proximal tibial osteotomy, a joint-preserving procedure, has been reported as a viable surgical option for younger patients with isolated medial compartment arthritis. The aim of the surgery is to shift the weight-bearing axis away from the diseased area, as this relieves the pain and suppresses the disease progression. It has been reported that young active patients with isolated medial compartment disease and varus knee alignment have the highest likelihood of a good outcome with an osteotomy [2, 3]. This can delay, or potentially avoid, the need for a total knee arthroplasty.
IsoQuant: A software tool for stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture-based mass spectrometry quantitation

Accurate protein identification and quantitation are critical when interpreting the biological relevance of large-scale shotgun proteomics data sets. Although significant technical advances in peptide and protein identification have been made, accurate quantitation of high-throughput data sets remains a key challenge in mass spectrometry data analysis and is a labor intensive process for many proteomics laboratories. Here, we report a new SILAC-based proteomics quantitation software tool, named IsoQuant, which is used to process high mass accuracy mass spectrometry data. IsoQuant offers a convenient quantitation framework to calculate peptide/protein relative abundance ratios. At the same time, it also includes a visualization platform that permits users to validate the quality of SILAC peptide and protein ratios. The program is written in the C# programming language under the Microsoft .NET framework version 4.0 and has been tested to be compatible with both 32-bit and 64-bit Windows 7. It is freely avai...
Identifying cross-well fracture connections using the dissolved oxygen alteration method

Abstract Determining how wells in fractured crystalline bedrock are interconnected is essential in defining contaminant flow paths and in interpreting water quality data from wells. Although various tracers and geophysical techniques have been used with success, the high cost or logistics may restrict their implementation. This study demonstrates a low-cost technique for identifying fracture connections between wells by combining the dissolved oxygen alteration method (DOAM) with cross borehole hydraulic pumping tests. Following the alteration of the dissolved oxygen (DO) profile in the observation well through bubbler aeration, an interconnected well is pumped, which results in changes in borehole flow in the aerated observation well. The DO profile in the observation well is monitored over time to characterize the changes in borehole flow and identify fractures that hydraulically connect to the pumping well. The method was demonstrated at three test sites in Storrs, Connecticut. Each site has two or three interconnecting wells in fractured crystalline bedrock and varying flow conditions. The DOAM successfully identified interconnecting fractures in wells 15–84 m apart.
Linear models for the prediction of stature from foot and boot dimensions.

Estimation of stature from the dimensions of foot or shoeprints has considerable forensic value in developing descriptions of suspects from evidence at the crime scene and in corroborating height estimates from witnesses. This study extends the findings of previous researchers by exploring linear models with and without gender and race indicators, and by validating the most promising models on a large, recently collected military database. Boot size and outsole dimensions are also examined as predictors of stature. The results of this study indicate that models containing both foot length and foot breadth are significantly better than those containing only foot length. Models with race/gender indicators also perform significantly better than do models without race/gender indicators. However, the difference in performance is slight, and the availability of reliable gender and race information in most forensic situations is uncertain. Analogous results were obtained for models utilizing boot size/width and outsole length/width, and in this study these variables performed nearly as well as the foot dimensions themselves. Although the adjusted R2 values for these models clearly reflect a strong relationship between foot/boot length and stature, individual 95% prediction limits for even the best models are ±86 mm (3.4 in.). This suggests that models estimating stature from foot/shoeprints may be useful in the development of subject descriptions early in a case but, because of their imprecision, may not always be helpful in excluding individual suspects from consideration.
Legitimating Violences: The ‘Gay Rights’ NGO and the Disciplining of the Sri Lankan Queer Figure:

Sri Lanka has debated the decriminalization of homosexuality for several decades, but never with more vigour than in 2017, when the government considered this legislative change. This project was e...
Reduced cancer cell viability under methionine limiting conditions

4456 Many different cancer cell types will undergo cell cycle arrest, followed by apoptosis when methionine is restricted from the growth media and substituted with its immediate metabolic precursor homocysteine (Met-Hcy+). In contrast, non-transformed cells will continue to grow normally in Met-Hcy+ media â\#8364;“ a phenomenon referred to as the methionine dependent phenotype of cancer cells. Methionine and homocysteine are metabolites in the transmethylation pathway, which leads to synthesis of the primary methyl-donor S-adenosylmethionine, and are thus essential to maintain the methylation potential of cells. We have used a colorimetric sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay to determine cell proliferation rates for various lines of cancer cells. All cancer cells tested showed a complete block of cell division in Met-Hcy+ media but divided rapidly in Met+Hcy+ or Met+Hcy- conditions. The cancer cellsâ\#8364;™ drastically reduced viability in growth media where homocysteine replaces methionine suggests a pathway containing potential drug targets to be exploited for therapeutic benefit. However, the molecular pathway that links the methionine/homocysteine effect to cell cycle progression is completely unknown. We have recently described a pathway in the model organism yeast that controls a cell cycle checkpoint in response to changes in metabolic profiles involving the transmethylation pathway. We are analyzing a similar pathway in mammalian cells. In addition, metabolic profile changes in cancer cells in response to methionine replacement by homocysteine will be important indicators for altered cell physiology in Met-Hcy+ medium. We will present our results on the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by homocysteine and describe our approaches to achieve a molecular understanding of the cancer-specific antiproliferative effect of Met-Hcy+ medium.
Integration of AHP and Regression Analysis in Forecasting Attendance in a Movie Theater

Forecasting the number of attendees in a motion picture has often been considered a wild guess since there are many factors or variables involved in forecasting the numbers. There are many contributing factors to consider when attempting forecasting theatre attendance. Among many possible variables the ones with the most significant impact that are considered in this study are; the day that movie is playing, the time of day that movie plays, the ranking of the movie, the genre of movie, the length of time that the movie has been released and finally whether school is in or out. For the most part, these are quantifiable measures and thus should be able to derive an accurate forecasting module. At first, the aim of this study is to compare all the variables by the decision maker based on the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and to rank the variables based on the importance according to the AHP process. Once the variables are set, the regression analysis is applied to forecast attendance in a movie theater. Multiple regression analysis is used in this study based on a sample of 711 observations. Using SPSS statistical software, a model is developed to forecast the number of attendees and the model provides R 2 = 0.760, which is a strong predictor. Finally, the hypothesis test is conducted to verify the accuracy of the regression model with the actual data and even with a = 0.10 the null hypothesis could not be rejected.