cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bargaining Over How to Bargain in Labor‐Management Negotiations

Training people in interest-based bargaining has become a big business, where literally thousands of seminar participants each year learn how to become better at finding "win-win" or mutual-gains solutions to conflict through "principled negotiations" (Fisher and Ury 1981; Susskind and Cruikshank 1987). Even in labor relations, where the institutions of negotiation are perhaps most deeply rooted and highly codified, many traditionalists are learning and experimenting with interest-based approaches to bargaining. The exper ience with interestbased bargaining thus far has been very powerful in revealing limitations of traditional approaches to labor negotiations. But the interest-based exper iments themselves have produced mixed results (see, for example, Susskind and Landry 1991; Friedman 1992; Hunter and McKersie 1992)) A close look at the interest-based experiments in labor relations reveals that adversarial institutional patterns have often been rejected in favor of more cob laborative, problem-solving techniques without a full appreciation of the underlying reasons for the establishment of the original institutional patterns. Some behaviors that are dysfunctional from an interest-based point of view (for example, channelling all dialogue through the chief negotiator) can serve an essential institutional purpose (such as helping leaders manage internal splits on a negotiating team). My aim in this article is to point toward a synthesis between the new, interest-based techniques and the traditional institutional practices. I shall focus on the training of labor negotiators since it is during training that interest-based bargaining principles are codified, communicated, learned and then put into practice. The field of labor relations is a fertile arena for comparison since thousands of new bargaining teams are elected (labor) or selected (management) every year and trained either by more experienced members of their bargaining teams, by their international union or parent corporation, by
Mode Selection in a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Using Preferential Alignment of Optical Feedback

Transverse modes are selected in a multi-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) by adjusting alignment of the feedback mirror. When the feedback is strong, single transverse mode is obtained in a wide current range.
Using administrative data to identify elementary schools at increased risk for student absences.

ABSTRACT: The ability to use administrative databases to identify elementary schools at risk for high percentages of school absence may prove useful in targeting elementary schools to receive absence reduction interventions. This report demonstrates an analysis method using easting administrative data for generating relative risks. Taking advantage of administrative databases can save resources and assist efforts in developing ways to reduce elementary school absence.
Redox-Dependent Changes in β-Sheet and Loop Structures of Cu,Zn Superoxide Dismutase in Solution Observed by Infrared Spectroscopy

Abstract Redox-dependent conformational changes of bovine Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase in 20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) were studied at 20°C using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Amide I spectra provide evidence that conformational changes in the protein accompany a change in the oxidation state of copper at the active site. Quantitative analysis of these spectra indicates that both reduced (Cu I ,Zn II ) and oxidized (Cu II ,Zn II ) enzymes are composed of about 35% antiparallel β-sheet, 45% unordered/loop, and 20% β-turn structures. Significant redox-dependent changes occur in regions ascribed to β-sheet and unordered/loop structures that are consistent with an active channel structure wherein the copper ion bonds to imidazolate side chains of His 44, 46, and 118 within the β-sheet structure and also to the imidazolate side chain of His 61 associated with unordered/loop structure. This study provides the first experimental evidence that an unordered structure can exhibit bands in more than one region, one near 1658 cm −1 and another near 1648 cm −1 in both H 2 O and D 2 O solutions. The detected changes in protein conformation are expected to be critical to the catalytic function of this enzyme.
Long PCR-amplified rDNA for PCR-RFLP- and Rep-PCR-based approaches to recognize closely related microbial species.

Abstract Long PCR was used to amplify a 5-kb fragment of the bacterial ribosomal operon (16S–intergenic spacer region (ISR)–23S) from several Ralstonia eutropha strains (16S rDNA sequence similarity: 97–99%). Due to the large product size, amplicons from the different strains could be distinguished using restriction enzyme fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) and repetitive PCR analysis (Rep-PCR) with the primer 1492r. These methods may prove useful in differentiating other bacterial strains with highly similar 16S rDNA sequences.
Statistical measurements today

Significant advances have been made in the design of statistical signal-analysis instruments in recent years, particularly in the frequency ranges below 1MHz
Ordovician Graptolite Zones of Western Newfoundland in Relation to Paleogeography of the North Atlantic

Combined paleontological evidence from the western and northern structural units of Newfoundland (the autochthonous St. George, Table Head, and Goose Tickle Groups, and the allochthonous Cow Head and northern klippen sequences) reveals an almost uninterrupted succession of the North American graptolite Zones 1 through 9 ( of Berry, 1960). Only Zone 7 has not been verified. In Berry9s Zones 1 and 9, the zonal record is extensive enough to justify subdivision into separate zones, whereas some other zones appear to be lithologically condensed. A recently discovered Early Ordovician Dictyonema flabelliforme-Staurograptus fauna from an unknown allochthonous formation at Onion Cove, northern Newfoundland, is provisionally referred to the mobile belt facies and appears to be related to similar occurrences in Nova Scotia and western Europe. Most of the autochthonous and allochthonous sequences contain graptolites with strong Pacific-American affinities, but one graptolite association with Baltic-British affinities has been found in the Goose Tickle Formation of northernmost Newfoundland. Except for the deep-water environment of the Goose Tickle strata, all other autochthonous formations were deposited under shallow sublittoral conditions with only sparse graptolites preserved. The argillaceous beds of the Cow Head allochthonous complex probably have been brought in from a rapidly subsiding miogeosynclinal shelf margin intermittent between the circumcratonic limestone belt and the mobile belt in the east. A “pre-klippen” reconstruction of the Cow Head sequence and correlations of the graptolite facies suggest the existence of a “pre-Atlantic rift” belt, a Pacific development of graptolite associations along the “Logan9s Zone” of the Appalachians to western Ireland and Atlantic Norway, and a contrasting Baltic faunal development having temporarily encroached on northern Newfoundland during Goose Tickle time.
Be My Baby: The Girls of the Sixties; Be My Baby 2: More Music from the Fabulous Girls of the Sixties

Various Artists, 2012 CD, Sony 88765402672Long before Adele, Beyonce, Mary J. Blige, Mariah Carey, Kelly Clarkson, Jennifer Lopez, and Taylor Swift ruled the 21st-century pop charts, female singers...
Insertion Scanning Mutagenesis of Subunit a of the F1F0 ATP Synthase near His245and Implications on Gating of the Proton Channel

Subunit a of the E. coli F1F0 ATP synthase was probed by insertion scanning mutagenesis in a region between residues Glu219 and His245. A series of single amino acid insertions, of both alanine and aspartic acid, were constructed after the following residues: 225, 229, 233, 238, 243, and 245. The mutants were tested for growth yield, binding of F1 to membranes, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide sensitivity of ATPase activity, ATP-driven proton translocation, and passive proton permeability of membranes stripped of F1. Significant loss of function was seen only with insertions after positions 238 and 243. In contrast, both insertions after residue 225 and the alanine insertion after residue 245 were nearly identical in function to the wild type. The other insertions showed an intermediate loss of function. Missense mutations of His245 to serine and cysteine were nonfunctional, while the W241C mutant showed nearly normal ATPase function. Replacement of Leu162 by histidine failed to suppress the 245 mutants, but chemical rescue of H245S was partially successful using acetate. An interaction between Trp241 and His245 may be involved in gating a "half-channel" from the periplasmic surface of F0 to Asp61 of subunit a.
Chemistry and Biology of Dihydroisoxazole Derivatives: Selective Inhibitors of Human Transglutaminase 2

3-halo-4,5-dihydroisoxazoles are attractive warheads for the selective inhibition of nucleophilic active sites in biological systems. A series of 3-bromo-4,5-dihydroisoxazole compounds were prepared and tested for their ability to irreversibly inhibit human transglutaminase 2 (TG2), an enzyme that plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diverse disorders including Celiac Sprue and certain types of cancers. Several compounds showed high specificity for human TG2 (k(inh)/K(I) > 2000 min(-1)M(-1)) but essentially no reactivity (k < 1 min(-1)M(-1)) toward physiological thiols such as glutathione. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a prototype dihydroisoxazole inhibitor, 1b, were evaluated; in mice the compound showed good oral bioavailability, short serum half-life and efficient TG2 inhibition in small intestinal tissue, and low toxicity. It also showed excellent synergism with N,N'-bis(2-chloroethyl)-N-nitrosourea (BCNU, carmustine) against refractory glioblastoma tumors in mice. A fluorescent dihydroisoxazole inhibitor 5 facilitated microscopic visualization of TG2 endocytosis from the extracellular surface of HCT-116 cells. Together, these findings demonstrate the promise of dihydroisoxazole compounds as probes for the biology of TG2 and its role in human disease.
Depression from childhood through adolescence: Risk mechanisms across multiple systems and levels of analysis

This paper selectively reviews recent research, especially in the last two years (2012-2014) in preschool, child, and adolescent depression. In particular, attention is paid to developmental epidemiology as well as risk factors and processes that contribute to depression trajectories over time. Emphasis is placed on a developmental psychopathology perspective in which risks are instantiated across multiple systems and levels of analysis, including genetics, stress contexts and processes, biological stress mechanisms, temperament, emotion, reward, cognitive factors and processes, and interpersonal influences. These risks dynamically transact over time, as they emerge and stabilize into relatively trait-like vulnerabilities that confer risk for the increasing rates of depression observed in adolescence. Overall, this summary illustrates that considerable progress has been made recently in understanding the complex developmental processes contributing to depression. Finally, a few gaps are highlighted as opportunities for future research.
Engineering Challenges for ITER

Summary form only given. The United States has joined with China, the European Union, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, and the Russian Federation in an international collaboration to construct and operate ITER, a full-scale, 400 MW experimental fusion device. ITER will be constructed at Cadarache, France, and is expected to be completed by 2016. U.S. Contributions to ITER (U.S. ITER) is a Department of Energy Office of Science project consisting of procurement of hardware (including supporting R&D and design), assignment of personnel (U.S. engineers and scientists) to the ITER site in Cadarache, and cash contributions to the ITER Organization for the U.S. share of common expenses such as personnel, infrastructure, assembly, and installation. The US-supplied hardware includes contributions in the areas of magnets, blankets, diagnostics, tritium processing, ion cyclotron and electron cyclotron heating and current drive systems, pellet fuelling, and more conventional systems such as cooling water and electrical power systems. The large scale of ITER (~24,000 tonnes of equipment in a ~30 m diameter cryostat), the significant extrapolation from previous fusion experiments (current record fusion power ~16 MW), and the need for long pulse, high reliability operation present many engineering challenges. This paper will describe the ITER design status and some of the challenges.
Inter-layer mass transport in a low-coverage, low island-density regime

Abstract We use Monte Carlo simulations to study inter-layer mass transport during submonolayer epitaxial growth in systems where the ratio of the diffusion coefficient for intra-layer mobility to the deposition flux D F is very high, such that the average diffusion length is comparable to the average terrace length. Under such growth conditions, there exists a low island-density regime where the scaling relation between the island density N and the ratio D F breaks down. We employ realistic terrace boundaries in our simulations (i.e. atom capture at ascending steps and a step edge barrier Es between adjacent substrate terraces at descending steps) to investigate how inter-layer diffusion depends on the D F ratio in this low island-density regime. Information about the magnitude of Es can be extracted by analyzing the distribution of deposited atoms among the three possible capture sites: ascending steps, descending steps and nucleated islands. We apply the results of these simulations to the growth of Ag Ag (111) .
An attempt to quantify some clinical criteria of aging.

In order to study possible premature aging effects of radiation in the people of Rongelap in the Marshall Islands, a series of measurable criteria generally associated with aging were recorded during the 1959 annual medical survey (5-year postexposure) on 42 people who had been exposed to radiation and 84 unexposed Marshallese. The criteria were chosen on the basis of ease of assessment under field conditions considering time limitation and language barrier. Some criteria were assessed on obsevation by scoring on a 0 through 4+ and percentage basis (senile skin changes, graying of hair, baldness, arcus senilis, peripheral arteriosclerosis, retinal arteriosclerosis), The other criteria were measured directly and also expressed on a percentage basis (skin looseness, skin elasticity, accommodation of the eyes, visual acuity, hearing by audiometry, blood pressure, neuromuscular function, and hand strength). A skin caliper used for measuring skin looseness and elasticity was de scribed. Since no differences were readily apparent between the exposed and unexposed people, the data were pooled and presented at this time to describe the methodology, trend of criteria changes with age, and attempt to assess biological age. Curves of the plotted data drawn by eye shohwed varying degrees of age-associated change with different criteria.more » The measured criteria were generally best correlated with age, particularly accommodation of the eyes, visual acuity, skin elasticity, and hand strength, although some of the observational criteria, such as arcus serilis and graying of the hair, seemed also to be fairly well correlated. A plot of the average percentage scores for individuals by age (biological age score) showed generally increasing scores with ages and less scatter than was noted with individual criteria. It is hoped that this approach may prove helpful in assessing aging in human beings and may offer a clue to possible radiation- induced aging. (auth)« less
Inhibition by cyanide of the photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts.

CYANIDE is an effective inhibitor of the photosynthesis of most plants. Photosynthesis in weak light is relatively insensitive to cyanide, whereas studies with flashing light show that cyanide does not affect the yield of oxygen from each light flash if the dark time between flashes is made long enough. Experiments of this type, together with other lines of evidence, all indicate that the cyanide-sensitive phase of photosynthesis is the primary reaction in the fixation of carbon dioxide1. It should not be concluded, however, that all the other reactions in photosynthesis are insensitive to cyanide. The apparent lack of sensitivity of other reactions may result simply from a low concentration of the carboxylating enzyme system relative to other enzymes. Under such conditions, cyanide would appear to be selective for the carbon dioxide fixation process1.
Introducing iPad applications to teacher education students in a fencing course: a journey of self-discovery.

Given the proliferation of technological tools being used in and outside of the classroom, physical education teacher education (PETE) faculty have a responsibility to effectively prepare preservice teachers in this area by offering information technology classes within PETE curriculum, as well as by integrating technology in their activity classes. iPad applications can add value to physical education; they are used to create opportunities for scaffolding of learning materials, monitor progress of motor skill and tactical performance through feedback, enhance self-reflection among students, help students self-assess and peer assess, and provide models of performance. Many of these applications can also be used to teach activities in PETE. This article describes how the use of iPad applications in an undergraduate PETE fencing course served as a catalyst in the process of self-discovery for students. This project provides practical guidelines for how specific technology can affect the student-teacher dyna...
Urban growth in India: demographic and sociocultural prospects.

This paper explores some of the complexities of India’s urban growth since its first post-Independence census of 1951. Two levels of analysis are pursued as they affect one another: numerical or demographic changes, on one hand, and changes in living conditions, or sociocultural trends, on the other. The general conclusion of the study is that a process of “erosion” of traditional society is occurring, but it is occurring slowly— as a population more than twice the size of the entire United States continues to live in the countryside (and to increase at about twice the U.S. growth rate). Moreover, the sociocultural change is occurring in a non-linear fashion, as much that is traditional endures along side of the modern—rather than being replaced or obliterated by it. Finally, while the growth is occurring in cities of all sizes, the intermediate, regional capitals like Hyderabad and ahmedabad—rather than the largest cities such as Bombay or Calcutta—are experiencing the most rapid growth.
Development and Utilization of Sorghum as a Bioenergy Crop

Sorghum is not a newcomer crop. World-wide, it is the fifth most important cereal crop, after wheat rice, corn, and barley. Sorghum is unique in that is can grow in some of the harshest environments, where many other crops cannot be produced. It is highly resistant to drought, but can also withstand water logging much better than most of the other cereals. Sorghum’s large root system allows it to obtain nutrients from poor soils or, when fertilizers are applied, to use those nutrients very efficiently. Even though the species originated from semi-arid regions of Africa, it has been adapted to a wide variety of climates, including temperate and humid environments. Ironically, it may have been its superior tolerance to the marginal environments, common in many developing countries that hindered its wider adoption in the developed countries, as sorghum was labeled a poor-man’s crop. Additional factors that contributed to an underutilization of sorghum were the lower nutritional value of the grain and the lower yield compared to corn under good growing conditions. Although breeding efforts have produced dramatic improvements in grain and forage sorghum varieties, the amount of resources invested in the study of the crop have traditionally been minuscule compared to those invested in many other species. As a consequence, most of the abundant genetic diversity of cultivated and wild sorghums remains untapped. The renewed interest in biofuel production offers the possibility to exploit the useful traits of this species. Sorghum represents an ideal dedicated energy crop, as grain quality is now considered less important, and concerns about the environmental cost of high-input agriculture and food security grow. The lower need for fertilizers and pesticides may make it an ecologically attractive crop, especially when combined with conservation-agriculture production systems.
Declining fecundity and ovarian ageing in natural fertility populations

Worldwide, human fertility declines with increasing maternal age, after contraceptive-use patterns and behavioral factors are taken into consideration. Here, we summarize some of our theoretical and empirical work examining the biological factors contributing to this age pattern of fertility. We undertook an 11 month prospective endocrinological study in a natural fertility (non-contracepting) population (rural Bangladesh) to estimate the contributions of fetal loss and fecundability (the probability of conception) to declining fecundity with age. Prospective interviews and urine samples for pregnancy tests were collected twice weekly from up to 700 women. These data were used to test mathematical models of the underlying biological processes contributing to changing fecundability and fetal loss risk with maternal age. The results indicate that much of the decline in fecundity can be attributed to an increasing risk of fetal loss with maternal age. Much of this fetal loss is due to chromosomal abnormalities--a result of ageing oocytes. Fecundability, on the other hand, does not begin to decline until the early 40s. We hypothesize that this is also a result of ageing at the ovarian level, namely follicular atresia, in the years just prior to menopause. The irregularity of menstrual cycles--longer cycles and increasingly variable hormonal patterns--at these ages may be a direct result of the small and rapidly dwindling remaining pool of follicles. We present a simple mathematical model of this process, and some preliminary laboratory results that support the model.
Air Gap Effects in LX‐17

Three experiments done over twenty years on gaps in LX-17 are described. For the detonation front moving parallel to the gaps, jets of gas products were seen coming from the gaps at velocities 2 to 3 times greater than the detonation velocity. A case can be made that the jet velocity increased with gap thickness but the data are scattered. For the detonation front moving transverse to the gap, time delays were seen. The delays roughly increase with gap width, going from 0–70 ns at “zero gap” to around 300 ns at 0.5–1 mm gap. Larger gaps of up to 6 mm width almost certainly stopped the detonation, but this was not proved. Real-time resolution of the parallel jets and determination of the actual re-detonation or failure in the transverse case needs to be achieved in future experiments.
Urinary Tract Infection in Sexually Abused Children

Because urinary tract infections have been considered to be related to sexual abuse and proposed as an indicator of sexual abuse, a group of children reported as suspected victims of sexual abuse was studied. Clean-catch urine specimens were obtained at the time of their initial medical evaluations for sexual abuse. Results indicated that urinary tract infections were not present in this group of sexually abused children at rates substantially higher than the general population. The findings do not support routine screening of sexually abused children for urinary tract infection, and suggest that further study is indicated if urinary tract infection is to be considered an indicator of abuse.
MATLAB/Simulink for Automotive Systems Design

Automotive systems are becoming increasingly difficult and expensive to design successfully as the market demands increasing complexity. Body electronics are particularly affected by this trend, a good example being power windows design. This seemingly mundane area involves meeting market and legislative requirements, which means creating a control system that combines the input from several sensors and follows complex behavioral rules (Prabhu and Mosterman, 2004). Traditional design methodologies involve writing a text specification and implementing algorithms in C. However, algorithms cannot be verified without hardware. This approach leaves the engineer in the unenviable position of waiting for the last piece of hardware to arrive to enable them to test their system. To avoid these problems, engineers need to decouple algorithm development and verification from the availability of hardware. To address this need, OEMs and suppliers around the world are switching to model-based design
The Causal Mediation Formula - A Guide to the Assessment of Pathways and Mechanisms

Recent advances in causal inference have given rise to a general and easy-to-use formula for assessing the extent to which the effect of one variable on another is mediated by a third. This Mediation Formula is applicable to nonlinear models with both discrete and continuous variables, and permits the evaluation of path-specific effects with minimal assumptions regarding the data-generating process. We demonstrate the use of the Mediation Formula in simple examples and illustrate why parametric methods of analysis yield distorted results, even when parameters are known precisely. We stress the importance of distinguishing between the necessary and sufficient interpretations of “mediated-effect” and show how to estimate the two components in nonlinear systems with continuous and categorical variables.
Characterization of Shigella dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13.

We conducted serologic and biochemical studies on strains of three provisional Shigella serotypes. Included were 19 strains of serotype 3873-50 from three countries (1 from Mexico, 1 from Netherlands Antilles, and 17 from the United States), 13 strains of serotype 3341-55 from three countries (1 from Canada, 1 from Bulgaria, and 11 from the United States), and 19 strains of serotype 19809-73 from two countries (16 from Israel and 3 from the United States). Reactions of these strains with homologous and heterologous Shigella antisera showed that serotypes 3873-50 and 19809-73 were unique. Strains of serotype 3341-55 shared an identical antigen with Shigella boydii 18; however, they were distinguished from S. boydii 18 biochemically and with absorbed sera. Strains of the three serotypes were biochemically most similar to Shigella dysenteriae. Like other shigellae, strains from each serotype were invasive in the Sereny assay. Although biochemically similar to S. dysenteriae, none of the provisional serotypes produced Shiga toxin or the biologically related toxin, Shiga-like toxin II, produced by some strains of Escherichia coli. On the basis of these results and other published findings, we support earlier proposals to add the three provisional serotypes 3873-50, 3341-55, and 19809-73 to the Shigella schema and will include them as S. dysenteriae 11, 12, and 13, respectively.
What Changed When the Gay Adoption Ban was Lifted?: Perspectives of Lesbian and Gay Parents in Florida

This exploratory, qualitative study examined the perspectives of 22 lesbian and gay parents (15 female and seven male) who were residents of Florida while the state's gay adoption ban was in effect and who had adopted or were in the process of adopting a child. Participants were interviewed about their experiences before and after the lifting of the gay adoption ban, which occurred in 2010. Participants described numerous negative consequences of the ban, including the inability to adopt foster children and the legal invisibility of one partner's parental status (e.g., among lesbian couples who had become parents via donor insemination). Parents described various positive changes that occurred in their families once the ban was lifted, such as a profound sense of relief for parents and their children, as well as legal recognition of both partners as parents. Our findings highlight the negative consequences of discrimina- tory legislation on lesbian/gay-parent families, as well as some subsequent positive effects once such legislation is removed.
Extrapolation of electromagnetic responses of resonant structures

A new technique is presented here which utilizes both orthogonal polynomials and damped sinusoids to extrapolate time and frequency responses using only early-time and low-frequency data. Damped sinusoids are used to efficiently represent the effects of resonances while the remaining behavior is accurately characterized by polynomials. To ensure reliably accurate results, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to select expansion parameters. The technique is demonstrated by extrapolating the driving-point current response of a resonant antenna.
The Bankrupt Framework of Neoliberalism: A Bailout of Anthropological Theory

: Janine R Wedel is contributing editor of “Research on Policy,” the AAA Interest Group for the Anthropology of Public Policy column in Anthropology News.
Function of quaking in myelination: Regulation of alternative splicing

Proteomic diversity is frequently achieved by alternative RNA-splicing events that can be fine-tuned in tissue-specific and developmentally regulated ways. Understanding this type of genetic regulation is compelling because of the extensive complexity of alternative splicing found in the nervous system. quaking (qk), one of the classical mouse dysmyelination mutants, is defective for the expression of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and the misregulation of MAG pre-mRNA alternative splicing is implicated as a causal factor. The qk locus encodes several RNA-binding proteins with heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K-type homology, a characteristic of several known alternative splicing regulators. Here we test the nuclear-localized qk isoform (QKI-5) for its ability to regulate alternative splicing of MAG pre-mRNA in transient coexpression assays. QKI-5 exhibits properties of a negative regulator of MAG exon 12 alternative splicing. An intronic sequence element required for the repressive function and binding of QKI-5 is also identified. Direct evidence for irregularities in alternative splicing of MAG and other myelin protein transcripts in the qk mouse is demonstrated.
T cell competence to heterologous and homologous thyroglobulins during the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis

The ability of T cells to respond to homologous vs. heterologous thyroglobulins (Tg) has been evaluated using different models for the induction of experimental autoimmune thyroiditis. Substantial levels of T cell activation could be demonstrated to heterologous Tg following immunization with heterologous Tg in complete Freund's adjuvant, whereas only minimal levels of T cell activation to homologous Tg could be obtained following immunization with homologous Tg in complete Freund's adjuvant. Using this immunization protocol, heterologous and homologous Tg induced equivalent levels of serum antibody to the immunizing Tg. However, when injected in incomplete Freund's adjuvant, homologous Tg induced less antibody than heterologous Tg. Even greater differences in serum antibody levels to heterologous and homologous Tg, were apparent following immunization with soluble Tg. These thyroiditis differences are attributed to the presence of only a minimal level of T cell competence for homologous Tg, which is capable of inducing experimental autoimmune thyroiditis with stringent immunization protocols, but not with weaker immunization regimens.
Detection of airborne Bacillus anthracis spores by an integrated system of an air sampler and a cantilever immunosensor

Abstract A near real-time, sensitive and reliable method of detecting airborne Bacillus anthracis spores by air sampling (wet mode) and then exposing the collected sample to an antibody-functionalized piezoelectric-excited millimeter-sized cantilever (PEMC) sensor is presented. Using a commercial air sampler, a 10 min air sample at 267 L/min captured the airborne particulates containing Bacillus anthracis (BA) spores and concentrated them into 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline (PBS). This sample was then injected into a flow cell containing an antibody-functionalized PEMC sensor. The resonant frequency of the PEMC sensor at 925.1 kHz decreased exponentially as the BA spores attached to the sensor surface producing a positive response well beyond the noise level in 2 min and reached a steady state value in 20 min. In liquid phase, the sensor response correlated well (R2 = 0.99) with spore concentration and was shown to follow: [Response in Hz] = (0.0637) × (spore concentration in #/mL). Our results show that detection of 38 BA spores/L of air is achievable in near real-time with an estimated lower limit of detection of ∼5 spores/L of air in the configuration tested.
Inducing Word Alignments with Bilexical Synchronous Trees

This paper compares different bilexical tree-based models for bilingual alignment. EM training for the new model benefits from the dynamic programming "hook trick". The model produces improved dependency structure for both languages.
Minimum time point assignment for coverage by two constrained robots

This paper focuses on the assignment of discrete points to two robots, in the presence of geometric and kinematic constraints between the robots. The individual points have differing processing times, and the goal is to identify an assignment of points to the robots so that the total processing time is minimized. The assignment of points to the robots is the first step in the path generation process for the robots. This work is motivated by an industrial microelectronics manufacturing system with two robots, with square footprints, that are constrained to translate along a common line while satisfying proximity and collision avoidance constraints. The N points lie on a planar base plate that can translate along the plane normal to the direction of motion of the robots. The geometric constraints on the motions of the two robots lead to constraints on points that can be processed simultaneously. We show that the point assignment for processing problem can be converted to a maximum weighted matching problem on a graph and solved optimally in O(N3) time. Since this is too slow for large datasets, we present a O(N2) time greedy algorithm and prove that the greedy solution is within a factor of 3/2 of the optimal solution. Finally, we provide computational results for the greedy algorithm on typical industrial datasets.
Flight Scheduling and Maintenance Base Planning

In an effort to control costs, airlines have begun to concentrate on their maintenance operations as a potential source for savings. Nevertheless, federal regulations and internal safety policies effectively limit cost savings to improvements in productivity and scheduling. The purpose of this paper is to present a model that can be used by planners to both locate maintenance stations and to develop flight schedules that better meet the cyclical demand for maintenance. The problem is formulated as a min-cost, multicommodity flow network with integral constraints, and solved using a two-phase heuristic. The procedure is demonstrated with data supplied by American Airlines for their Boeing 727 fleet. The results show a significant improvement over current techniques, and indicate that substantial cost reductions can be achieved by eliminating up to 5 of the 22 maintenance bases now in operation. Similar results were obtained for American's Super 80 and DC-10 fleets. Perturbation analysis confirms the robustness of these findings, and suggests that loss in flexibility due to interruptions in the flight schedule will be negligible.
Requirement of Monooxygenase-Mediated Steps for Sterigmatocystin Biosynthesis by Aspergillus nidulans

Sterigmatocystin (ST) and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) are two polyketide-derived Aspergillus mycotoxins synthesized by functionally identical sets of enzymes. ST, the compound produced by Aspergillus nidulans, is a late intermediate in the AFB1 pathway of A. parasiticus and A. flavus. Previous biochemical studies predicted that five oxygenase steps are required for the formation of ST. A 60-kb ST gene cluster in A. nidulans contains five genes, stcB, stcF, stcL, stcS, and stcW, encoding putative monooxygenase activities. Prior research showed that stcL and stcS mutants accumulated versicolorins B and A, respectively. We now show that strains disrupted at stcF, encoding a P-450 monooxygenase similar to A. parasiticus avnA, accumulate averantin. Disruption of either StcB (a putative P-450 monooxygenase) or StcW (a putative flavin-requiring monooxygenase) led to the accumulation of averufin as determined by radiolabeled feeding and extraction studies.
Longitudinal mixing in fluidization

Longitudinal mixing properties in liquid-solid fluidized beds were investigated by means of a salt-solution tracer technique. The electrical conductance breakthrough curves were measured with very small electrical conductivity probes for a step-function input of salt-solution tracer. Longitudinal eddy diffusivities were determined for 1.3- and 3.0-mm. lead spheres and 3.2-mm. glass spheres in 2- and 4-in.–diameter beds at a distance of 5 bed diam. from the injector and for various radial positions. The longitudinal mixing properties are strongly affected by particle concentration; maximum mixing occurs at a fraction voids of 0.7. Longitudinal eddy diffusivity increases with particle density and with decreasing dp/D ratio. Velocity profiles markedly influence the eddy-diffusivity profiles.
Accurate analog modeling of short channel FETs based o table lookup

A table-lookup model for MOSFETs has been implemented in SPICE 3, to overcome the inadequacies of analytical models that are unable to represent short-channel effects. The model comprises a 2-D main table, a coarse 3-D subtable to incorporate substrate effects, and a table to interpolate between channel lengths. There are 370 data points stored altogether. The tables are constructed from the measurement of incremental parameters, and thus reproduce transconductance and output conductance accurately, making the model superior for analog circuit design. The approach demonstrates improvement of 2-3 in total simulation time of a ring oscillator over the BSIM model in SPICE. The model affords a global accuracy of 4% in the I/sub d/-I/sub DS/ characteristics of 1- mu m enhancement and depletion MOSFETS. >
Optimum beamforming for co-channel interference nulling in mobile satellite communications

The problem of increasing the number of users in FDMA mobile satellite communication systems is addressed. An antenna array is used to estimate the angle of arrival (AOA) of desired and cochannel mobile users then the same array is used to allocate the maximum of the pattern to desired users while co-channel interference is nulled. This paper describes the use of the MUSIC algorithm for the DOA estimation. Pattern nulls are obtained using the Wiener solution for the optimum array weights. It is shown that this approach allows closer proximity of the mobile users with the same frequency thus increasing the channel capacity.
The association between antidepressant use and glycemic control in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS)

Introduction Among people with diabetes, comorbid depression has been associated with suboptimal health outcomes. However, the independent impact of antidepressant use on glycemic control (A1C) has not been well understood.
Electric Vehicle Manufacturing in Southern California: Local versus Regional Environmental Hazards

In the United States, industrial pollution and hazards are analyzed only after specific plans for new facilities are proposed. The environmental impacts of new projects are rarely evaluated and compared with existing facilities. In this paper I argue that industrial development and environmental decisions must be closely linked. A framework for characterizing and assessing the environmental impacts of various stages in the life cycle of consumer products is proposed. I use this framework to examine the environmental costs of electric vehicle production in Southern California. Special attention is given to spatial variations of hazards within individual regions and the need to incorporate clean technologies in the design of manufacturing processes.
A subset of CD163 + macrophages displays mixed polarizations in discoid lupus skin

Lesional skin of patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) contains macrophages, whose polarization has yet to be investigated. To test our hypothesis that M1 macrophages would be increased in DLE skin, we examined transcriptome alterations in immune cell gene expression and macrophage features in DLE and normal skin by using gene expression and histochemical approaches. Gene expression of RNA from DLE lesional and normal control skin was compared by microarrays and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Both skin groups were analyzed for CD163 expression by immunohistochemistry. Double immunofluorescence studies were performed to characterize protein expression of CD163+ macrophages. DLE skin had twice as many upregulated genes than downregulated genes compared with normal skin. Gene set enrichment analysis comparing differentially expressed genes in DLE and normal skin with previously published gene sets associated with M1 and M2 macrophages showed strong overlap between upregulated genes in DLE skin and M1 macrophages. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that several M1 macrophage-associated genes—e.g., chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10 (CXCL10), chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 (CCL5), and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1)—had amplified mRNA levels in DLE skin. CD163+ macrophages were increased near the epidermal-dermal junction and perivascular areas in DLE skin compared with normal skin. However, double immunofluorescence studies of CD163+ macrophages revealed minor co-expression of M1 (CXCL10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and CD127) and M2 (CD209 and transforming growth factor-beta) macrophage-related proteins in DLE skin. Whereas a subset of CD163+ macrophages displays mixed polarizations in DLE skin, other immune cells such as T cells can contribute to the expression of these macrophage-related genes.
MITOCHONDRIAL DNA VARIATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE SUBTERRANEAN TERMITE GENUS RETICULITERMES (ISOPTERA: RHINOTERMITIDAE) IN ARKANSAS AND LOUISIANA

Limited information exists on genetic variation and distribution of Reticulitermes from the south central United States. Focusing on molecular sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA 16S gene, this study records the distribution and genetic variation of Reticulitermes species in Arkansas and updates the current distribution in a neighboring State, Louisiana. Termite samples were collected from the field, subjected to DNA analysis with Polymerase Chain-Reaction (PCR), and sequenced. Reticulitermes sp. sequence data were aligned, genetic distances recorded, and their respective haplotypes were evaluated for possible geographic structure. From 35 Arkansas counties, 59 R. flavipes, 13 R. hageni, and seven R. virginicus were identified. In Arkansas, 11 mitochondrial haplotypes were observed in R. flavipes, three in R. hageni and three in R. virginicus. Among the 12 Louisiana parishes sampled, 13 R. flavipes, three R. virginicus, and one R. tibialis were identified with six, three, and one haplotypes for each species, respectively. Genetic variation among the R. flavipes haplotypes from both States ranged from 0.2 to 0.9%. Reticulitermes flavipes haplotype diversity observed in Arkansas and Louisiana was lower than observed in Texas and Oklahoma.
Team diversity, mood, and team creativity: The role of team knowledge sharing in Chinese R & D teams

Research on the team diversity-team creativity relationship has been mixed. We present and empirically examine a model of mediated moderation in which team knowledge sharing intervenes in the impact of the interaction of team work value diversity and positive mood on team creativity. Survey participants included 458 employees working in 47 RD otherwise, diversity can have negative effects on creativity. Thus, value diversity, mood, and knowledge sharing should be considered in the formation, training, and performance evaluation of teams.
Predictors of Growth in the Aftermath of Traumatic Events: The Role of Personal Growth Initiative

ABSTRACTThe current study examined the role of personal growth initiative (PGI) in predicting posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress, and the extent to which rumination styles explain these relations among 286 college students. As predicted, results showed that the cognitive component of PGI negatively predicted posttraumatic stress. Also, there was a significant positive indirect effect of behavioral PGI on posttraumatic growth through deliberate rumination. However, contrary to our hypothesis, there were also significant positive indirect effects of behavioral PGI on posttraumatic stress through intrusive and deliberate rumination. The current study creates new insights on the application of PGI in trauma research.
Cytomegalovirus Studies of Autopsy Tissue. II. Incidence of Inclusion Bodies and Related Pathologic Data

Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) were recovered from lung tissue in 34 (6.8%) of 502 unselected autopsy cases. Inclusion bodies were detected in the lung in nine of these cases (26%) and in organs other than the lung in three others. Overall, the incidence of inclusion bodies in this series of 502 cases was 2.4%. Our data strongly indicate that virus isolation is more sensitive than histopathologic study in establishing the presence of CMV infection. However, CMV was not recovered from one kidney and one liver in which inclusion bodies were present, although the virus was isolated from lung. Four of five cases of renal allograft rejection were positive for both CMV and inclusion bodies. The incidence of CMV recovery and inclusion body detection in leukemia and lymphoma cases was more than twice that in cases with other diseases. CMV inclusion bodies with or without associated inflammation were found, in descending order of frequency, in the lung, kidney, liver, pancreas, adrenal gland, esophagus, prostate, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and heart.
The Effect of Individual and Situation-Related Factors on Consumer Selection of Judgmental Models:

The study reported tests the hypotheses that the consumer's use of a specific judgmental model in evaluating a product is a function of prior familiarity and/or product complexity. The results indi...
Analyzing the Dynamics of Post-Communist Party Systems: Some “Final Thoughts” on the EEPS Special Section

he literature on the development of party systems in post-communist Central and Eastern Europe has basically revolved around four topics, three of which are represented in this issue, and maybe there is a fifth topic emerging soon, evolving out of the fourth. The first topic is whether mechanisms of accountability are at all involving politicians’ delivery of collective and large-scale club goods to large citizen constituencies, or what is commonly referred to as “programmatic politics” and “responsible partisan government.” The answer to this question has to be at least partially in the affirmative to make reading the articles assembled in this EEPS issue worth while. I assume here with the authors of this volume that this is correct, although the agenda of studying alternatives or complements to programmatic partisan appeals—such as clientelistic, targeted, narrow material inducements, a symbolic politics of charismatic leadership, or also purely descriptive identity politics—is very much alive. So I will set this general topic aside.