cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth In SNAP Retailers Was Associated With Increased Client Enrollment In Georgia During The Great Recession

Policies to improve food accessibility in underserved areas often use direct financial incentives to attract new food retailers. Our analysis of data on the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) in Georgia before and after the Great Recession suggests that increased program enrollment improves access to food for SNAP beneficiaries by acting as an indirect subsidy to retailers. We divided food stores into four categories: large, midsize, small, and specialty retailers. Between 2008 and 2011 the number of SNAP enrollees increased by 87 percent, and between 2007 and 2014 the number of SNAP retailers in Georgia increased by 82 percent, primarily because of growth in the number of authorized small retailers. Inside metropolitan Atlanta, changes in the numbers of SNAP enrollees and authorized retailers were positively and significantly associated for small retailers. For the areas outside of metropolitan Atlanta, the association between changes in numbers of enrollees and authorized retailers was str...
Abstract 052: Placental Growth Factor (PlGF) Reduces Blood Pressure and Improves Endothelin Type B Receptor (ETBR)-Mediated Microvascular Dilation in Hypertensive Pregnant Rats

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-related hypertensive disorder (HTN-Preg) with an imbalance between anti-angiogenic soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) and angiogenic PlGF, but the vascular targets involved are unclear. We have shown downregulation of endothelial ETBR in Preg rats with reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP), and studies have shown increased plasma sFlt-1 in RUPP rats. We tested if raising PIGF/sFlt-1 ratio by infusing PIGF (10 μg/kg/day) in RUPP rats would improve BP and microvascular ETBR signaling, and vice versa, if lowering PIGF/sFlt-1 ratio by infusing sFlt-1 (10 μg/kg/day) in Preg rats increases BP and reduces ETBR signaling. On day 19, BP was recorded and mesenteric microvessels were isolated for measurement of diameter and [Ca2+]i (fura-2 340/380 ratio). BP was in PlGF-RUPP 105±2 Norm-Preg 97±5 mmHg. ET-1 vasoconstriction was in PlGF-RUPP 62.6±3.0 Norm-Preg 52.1±3.2%. ET-1 caused parallel increases in microvascular [Ca2+]i that was in PlGF-RUPP 0.87±0.02 Norm-Preg 0.85±0.01. Endothelium removal or microvessel treatment with ETBR antagonist BQ-788 enhanced ET-1 vasoconstriction and [Ca2+]i in Norm-Preg and PlGF-RUPP, but not RUPP or sFlt-Preg. The ETBR agonists sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and IRL-1620 caused relaxation that was in PlGF-RUPP 42.9±10.8, 38.0±11.2% > RUPP 4.7±3.4, 7.5±2.3% and in sFlt-Preg 3.1±1.0, 5.4±1.6% < Norm-Preg 29.9±7.8, 28.0±9.1%. L-NAME partially reduced ACh- and ETBR-induced relaxation in Norm-Preg, PlGF-RUPP, but not RUPP or sFlt-Preg, suggesting that PlGF improves the decreased NO-dependent and ETBR-mediated vasorelaxation in HTN-Preg. Basal, ACh-, S6c-, and IRL-1620-induced nitrate/nitrite production was enhanced in mesenteric arteries of PIGF-RUPP and Norm-Preg vs. RUPP rats. Western blots and immunohistochemistry revealed greater levels of endothelial ETBR in PlGF-RUPP and Norm-Preg vs. RUPP and sFlt-Preg. Thus improving PlGF/sFlt-1 balance reduces BP and ET-1 vasoconstriction, and enhances ETBR-mediated NO-dependent vasodilation in RUPP rats, and could be a new approach in the management of HTN-Preg.
Presbytis senex (Purple-faced leaf-monkey)

Karyotypes were prepared from lymphocyte cultures using 2x poke as stimulant of animals at San Diego Zoo. The female karyotype is prepared with the ASG technique which allows identification of all elements. A pronounced secondary constriction is found in the last metacentric autosome.
Mating in Candida albicans and Related Species

Mating has been intensively studied in Saccharomyces cerevisiae since the original observation by Winge (1935) that diploid cells emerged from the haploid offspring of a single homothallic cell. Since that time, interest first in the genetics and then in the molecular biology of S. cerevisiae mating has resulted in powerful paradigms for studying mating in other fungi and gene regulation, including gene silencing in higher eukaryotes (Sprague 2006; Thorner 2006). For the infectious yeasts, including Candida albicans and related species, the mating system of S. cerevisiae has been used as a road map for exploring mating and identifying those aspects which follow the paradigm and those aspects that are unique. In the past six years, we have witnessed the identification and detailed dissection of the C. albicans mating system and to a lesser extent the C. glabrata mating system. Comparative analyses of the mating systems and mating-type genes of S. cerevisiae, Candida species and other related yeasts provide insights into the evolution of the hemiascomycetes (Tsong et al. 2003; Butler et al. 2004; Bennett and Johnson 2005).
Survival affects decision making for fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair.

Abstract Objective Repair options for complex abdominal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAAs) are evolving with increased experience and availability of less invasive endovascular techniques. Identifying risk factors for mortality after fenestrated and branched endovascular aortic repair (F/B-EVAR) could improve patient selection and facilitate decision making regarding who may benefit from prophylactic F/B-EVAR. Methods We evaluated 1091 patients in a prospective investigational device exemption trial who underwent F/B-EVAR from August 2001 to June 2015 for complex aortic aneurysms (CAAs). Multivariable analysis of risk factors for death was performed using a nonproportional hazards model and a nonparametric analysis using random survival forest technology. Results Operative mortality after F/B-EVAR was low (3.7%), with high CAA-related survival at 30 day and 5 years (96.8% and 94.0%, respectively). All-cause 5-year survival, however, was 46.2% and older age, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease, anemia, and coagulation disorders were risk factors. Risk was highest for those undergoing type I/II TAAA repairs and those with larger aneurysms. Conclusions Patients with multiple comorbidities and those undergoing type I or II TAAA repair are at greatest risk of mortality; however, in this high-risk population, F/B-EVAR offers greater survival compared with that reported for the natural history of untreated aneurysms. Operative and early mortality is lower than the best-reported open repair outcomes, even in this high-risk population, suggesting a potential benefit in extending the use of F/B-EVAR to low-to-average risk CAA patients.
A fast fiber optic spectrofluorometer for Eddy Correlation measurements of benthic flux

Eddy Correlation (EC) is a relatively new technique for determining benthic fluxes to or from freshwater and marine sediments that addresses many of the challenges faced by traditional methods. Based on high-speed, simultaneous and co-located velocity and concentration measurements, EC has been successfully used to measure benthic fluxes of dissolved oxygen in a variety of settings. To expand the range of chemicals whose flux can be measured by this technique, a novel optical fiber spectrofluorometer has been created that is capable of high-speed, high-resolution in situ measurements of fluorescing compounds. This battery-operated spectrofluorometer utilizes an LED for excitation, as well as 1000 um optical fibers to carry light to and from the sensing volume. A tunable monochromator enables the detected emission wavelength to be adjusted; thus, the instrument can potentially be used to target a variety of compounds, as well as to characterize the fluorescent chemical composition of the environment. Emitted light is quantified by photon counting, using a photomultiplier tube coupled to a custom photon-counting circuit board. The instrument is controlled by a Raspberry Pi microcomputer, and is housed in a compact pressure housing for underwater deployment. Used in an eddy correlation setup, this spectrofluorometer will enable benthic flux measurements of a wide range of fluorescing compounds.
Wave Equation of Suppressed Traffic Flow Instabilities

Traffic congestion wastes fuel and commuters’ time, and adds to CO2 emissions. Stop-and-go traffic instabilities can be suppresses using bilateral control—which differs from “car following” and adaptive cruise control in that, counter-intuitively, it uses information about the following vehicle (as well as about the leading vehicle). Stability can be proven mathematically, and can be demonstrated in simulation. A physical analog of a sequence of vehicles using bilateral control is a chain of masses connected by springs and dampers—a system which is inherently stable, since it lacks an external energy source. Here, in order to further understand bilateral control and its capacity to suppress instabilities, we move from a microscopic view (interaction of individual vehicles) to a macroscopic view (densities and flow rates). This leads us to the damped wave equation governing traffic under bilateral control. That equation allows us to determine the speed of propagation of disturbances, as well as their rate of decay. The equation is also useful in fine tuning parameters of bilateral control systems.
Effects of pH on the photophysics of conjugated polyelectrolyte complexes

Abstract We have previously reported the formation of complexes between oppositely charged, conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPECs), resulting in electronic energy transfer between the donor and acceptor components. The ionic self-assembly process that forms CPECs is heavily influenced by environmental circumstances including solvent composition, temperature, and pH. In this article, we report the effect of polyelectrolyte chain protonation on complex formation and resulting energy transfer. The particular polyelectrolytes used in this study were a pH inactive energy donor and an acceptor polymer with protonatable sidechains. We find that over a large range of acidic pH, the optical properties do not change appreciably up to precipitation (pH 3). Surprisingly in the basic regime where the acceptor polymer is fully deprotonated, complex formation is hindered. However, at pH 11, which corresponds to an excess ion concentration of 0.001 M, the photophysical properties of the complex begin to once again resemble that of the neutral or acidic environments. Our results show that the CPEC displays impressive stability over a relatively broad range of proton concentrations, which may have implications for the construction of supramolecular light-harvesting assemblies.
Fraud by the Supreme Court: Racial Discrimination by a State Institution of Higher Education Upheld on "Diversity" Grounds

Dishonesty has been characteristic of the Supreme Court’s decisions on race at least since 1968 when it held in Green v. County School Board1 that official race discrimination is sometimes not only constitutionally permissible but, for the first time in our history, constitutionally required. In that case, the Court performed the extraordinary feat of changing a prohibition of race discrimination into a requirement of race discrimination while insisting that no change had been made.2 Grutter v. Bollinger,3 upholding race discrimination by a state law school on the ground that it was “narrowly tailored” to serve a “compelling state interest” in educationally valuable “diversity,” carries this characteristic dishonesty to, if possible, new extremes. The purpose of race-preferencing in student admission programs in higher education is to admit blacks to selective schools to which they could not otherwise be admitted, in order to save the schools from the political and ideological embarrassment of having no, or very few, blacks. The University of Michigan Law School, along with virtually all other selective colleges and universities, has practiced racial discrimination in granting and denying admission since or shortly after 1968,4 when it was apparently permitted by the Green decision.5 In
Creative Potential and Social Change: Independent Visual Arts Spaces in Tijuana

In recent decades Tijuana has undergone a radical change in terms of its artistic and cultural production. Today the city is considered an important artistic hotspot. Capacities for change have been linked to the city’s own sociopolitical characteristics, its artists and other creative communities. This chapter discusses the relationship between the different ways in which the border is experienced and creative potential. This relationship is analyzed specifically with regard to art spaces in Tijuana (particularly visual arts), and focuses on the last 10 years (from 2008 to 2018). The chapter also examines the role cultural and artistic projects and spaces have played in promoting change in citizens’ practices and in rebuilding the social fabric.
Changing Practice: Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy in Art Education

SOME PEOPLE ARGUE THAT MULTICULTURALISM IS THOROUGHLY RESEARCHED AND IMPLEMENTED THROUGHOUT ART CURRICULUM. But my experience tells me otherwise. When I visit classrooms, I see posters, visuals, ta...
The Future Development of Schools of Public Policy: Five Major Trends

I argue that five major trends have affected the development of public policy schools. These trends include the rational bureaucracy approach of Max Weber and Woodrow Wilson, the application of behavioral and social science to administration with Herbert Simon and James March, as well as the more recent trends of the new public management's inter‐sector governance approach and anti‐government populism. As a result of these trends, schools in the United States typically fall into three categories: policy analysis schools, smaller public administration programs, and larger comprehensive and interdisciplinary schools. In my view, the most promising future for schools of public policy lies in the further development and expansion of these comprehensive schools, and this expansion is, in fact, necessary if we want to effectively and collaboratively address societal needs.
A conceptual dismantling of the Five Factor Form: Lexical support for the bipolarity of maladaptive personality structure

Abstract The Five Factor Form (FFF) assesses adaptive and maladaptive variants for both poles of the five-factor model (FFM), consistent with the hypothesis that there are indeed maladaptive variants for all 10 poles of the FFM. The current study dismantled the 30 FFF items. It was hypothesized that for each FFF item, the two maladaptive and adaptive components occupying the same side would be rated as similar in meaning, whereas components occupying opposite sides would be dissimilar (opposite) in meaning. The results supported the FFF scoring for four domains with mixed support for openness. The findings support not only the validity of the FFF but as well the perspective that there are maladaptive variants of all ten poles of the FFM.
Clinical and Molecular Phenotyping in Scleromyxedema Pretreatment and Posttreatment With Intravenous Immunoglobulin.

Objective Scleromyxedema (SMX) is a rare systemic sclerosis mimic that often responds to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy, yet the resulting clinical and biochemical changes have not been well characterized. To better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and the efficacy of IVIG, we sought to explore whether IVIG would introduce a measurable biologic effect corresponding with clinical improvement. Methods Fifteen patients with SMX were recruited for the study. Clinical information and peripheral blood mononuclear cells for flow cytometry were obtained immediately before and again 1-2 weeks after patients received IVIG therapy. Ten patients also underwent skin biopsies for gene expression analysis both before and after IVIG therapy. Clinical data included measures of skin involvement (modification of the modified Rodnan skin thickness score [MMRSS] and percentage of body surface area) and several patient-reported outcome measures assessing patients' skin. Results Posttreatment, the average MMRSS score decreased from mean ± SD 13.6 ± 2.6 to 10.3 ± 1.9; P = 0.003. There were also significant improvements in skin flexibility (mean ± SD 5.4 ± 0.8 to 3.2 ± 0.7; P = 0.003) and softening (mean ± SD 4.9 ± 0.9 to 2.6 ± 0.6; P = 0.022). Baseline levels of Tc17 cells (CD8+CCR6+CXCR3+CCR4-) correlated with the extent of skin involvement as measured by MMRSS pretreatment (r = 0.69, P = 0.012) and decreased after IVIG therapy (mean ± SD 3.4% ± 3.2% to 1.3% ± 1.7%; P = 0.008). Posttreatment analysis of RNA in skin tissue revealed a decrease in gene expression of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) cytokines as well as several interferon-inducible proteins. Conclusion This open-label study further supports the evidence that patients with SMX respond both objectively and subjectively to IVIG therapy. Biologic studies suggest a role for T lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of the disease and reveal the potential significance of TGFβ and interferon pathways.
A Market–Climate Change Model for Weather-Sensitive Sectors: Moving Average Approaches

The weather has become more unpredictable and unseasonal. In Australia, weather-sensitive sectors are the key players in the economy. The main objective of this research is to raise awareness of environmental issues in investment decisions and develop a new Market–Climate Change Model. The Moving Average (MA), the Exponential Moving Average (EMA), and the Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) techniques have been used to test a model. The results of this study indicate that weather-related variables influence the investment returns of weather-sensitive companies and should be included in the market model to support sound investment decisions.
Power to the Paperwork? Mandatory Financial Sanctions and the Bureaucratic Means to Racially Unequal Ends:

Few studies that disentangle the relationship between race, crime, and punishment have turned to administrative documents as a central site of power. Speaking to this omission, I use a case study o...
A Longitudinal Analysis of Personal Economic Anxiety, Concern for the National Economy, and Distrust of Government Spending:

We conduct a longitudinal assessment of the effect of personal and national economic anxiety on distrust of government spending using the American National Election Studies, 1988 to 2016. Over the ...
Odd bedfellows: self- and partner-enhancement in the communication of commitment

This research examined self- and partner-enhancement biases in the everyday communication of commitment. A total of 189 romantic heterosexual couples completed a survey measuring self- and partner-...
Regulating membership and movement at the meso-level: citizen-making and the household registration system in East Asia

This paper analyzes how East Asian states have regulated membership and migration through meso-level institutions. Specifically, we examine how states have used the household registration system (C...
Leadership Challenges of the Rural School Principal

As stress impacts the organization and operations of a school, leader stressors may be determined by the setting, years of experience of the leader and the greater educational landscape in which the principal must lead. The researchers sought to differentiate between the perceived stress and joy of urban and rural school principals. Findings derived from this time series design inquiry suggest that despite external influence, there is limited change in reported stress of rural school principals. Though the leadership in any setting is complex and multi-faceted, the researchers identified and assessed contributing factors.
Review of Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinical Trials: Past Trends and Future Opportunities.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Pediatric otolaryngologic conditions are highly prevalent in the United States. Although data gathered from clinical trials drive therapeutic strategies, the trends of research in pediatric otolaryngology remain unclear. The objective of this study was to characterize recent trials in pediatric otolaryngology to better understand current directions of study and to identify opportunities for future research. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective analysis. METHODS A retrospective analysis of United States pediatric clinical trials in otolaryngology between 2001 and 2017 was conducted on ClinicalTrials.gov. Criteria for inclusion included otolaryngologic trials with at least one trial arm of participants <18 years of age, interventional design that was closed, and conducted in the United States. We assessed the information available to us on ClinicalTrials.gov to identify recent trends in pediatric otolaryngology interventional research. We used PubMed to examine publication rates and National Institutes of Health RePORTER to characterize funding patterns for these trials. RESULTS Of the 122 trials analyzed, 25% investigated treatments for rhinitis, 25% for acute otitis media, and 50% for all other conditions. Drug studies comprised 72% of all trials. Overall, 65% had their results published in a peer-reviewed journal. Industry funding accounted for 73% of financial support. CONCLUSIONS Continued focus on the development of pediatric otolaryngologic clinical trials allows an opportunity to better represent the wide spectrum of disease and therapy in the specialty. Increasing the rates of results publication and federal funding may spearhead a more balanced landscape of clinical trials and further advance the care of children with otolaryngologic disease. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 130:2719-2724, 2020.
An integrated behavioural intervention combined with varenicline for heavy-drinking smokers: a randomized pilot study.

ObjectivesCombined smoking and heavy drinking is a significant health burden. Varenicline, an efficacious tobacco pharmacotherapy that also shows promise for drinking, has yielded mixed results among heavy-drinking smokers. This pilot study investigated integrated tobacco and alcohol counselling plus varenicline for this vulnerable group.DesignTwelve-week parallel, randomized controlled pilot trial of two behavioural interventions in combination with open-label varenicline. Participants were randomized using computer-generated tables, stratified by sex.SettingOutpatient academic medical centre research clinic.ParticipantsVolunteers who reported smoking and heavy drinking and sought tobacco or alcohol treatment (N = 26).Intervention(1) Integrated tobacco + alcohol counselling (INT; n = 13) or (2) counselling focused on their presenting concern (i.e., tobacco or alcohol) (SINGLE; n = 13), plus varenicline (2 mg) for 12 weeks.Main outcomesFeasibility/acceptability, smoking quit rates and heavy drinking.ResultsINT feasibility/acceptability was high among men but not women. More participants quit smoking in INT than SINGLE. This outcome was only in men, not significant, but had a medium effect size. Both conditions yielded significant drinking reductions.ConclusionIntegrated tobacco and alcohol behavioural counselling plus varenicline may be feasible and promote smoking cessation among men who smoke and drink heavily, but a larger sample is needed to replicate this finding.
The Arc of the Book

Building on the diagram of the communication process offered in Chap. 1, this chapter explores two overlays on the diagram: one called the Media Hegemony Thesis, which examines power relationships in the process, and the other named Indigenous Metaphysics, which looks for Native knowledges and values in the context of conflicts featured in this book. I have accepted the challenge by critics to add muscle to the investigation of framing by examining how meanings transfer from one juncture in the diagram—such as social discourse—to another—such as mass media. I also ask how frames produce meaning, how meanings are constructed over time, the ideological nature of relationships unfold in discourse, and how equity and justice unfold in frames.
Emergency Department Visits Following Suboccipital Decompression for Adult Chiari Malformation Type I

Background Postoperative emergency department (ED) visits following suboccipital decompression in Chiari malformation type I (CM-1) patients are not well described. We sought to evaluate the magnitude, etiology, and significance of postoperative ED service utilization in adult CM-1 patients at a tertiary referral center. Methods A prospectively maintained database of CM-1 patients seen at our institution between January 1, 2006 and December 31, 2019 was used. ED visits occurring within 30 days after surgery were tracked for postoperative patients, while comparing clinical, imaging, and operative characteristics between patients with and without an ED visit. Clinical improvement at last follow-up was also compared between both groups of patients in a univariable and multivariable analysis using the Chicago Chiari Outcome Scale (CCOS). Results In 175 surgically treated patients, 44 (25%) visited an ED in the 1-month period after surgery. The most common reason for seeking care was isolated headache (41%), and concentration disturbance at presentation was the only factor significantly associated with a postoperative ED visit (P = 0.023). The occurrence of a postoperative ED visit was independently associated with a lower chance of clinical improvement at last follow-up (adjusted odds ratio of CCOS ≥13 = 0.35, P = 0.021; adjusted odds ratio of CCOS ≥14 = 0.38, P = 0.016). Conclusions Adult CM-1 patients undergoing surgery at a tertiary referral center have an elevated rate of postoperative ED visits, which are mostly due to pain-related complaints. Such visits are hard to predict but are associated with worse long-term clinical outcome. Interventions that decrease the magnitude of postoperative ED service utilization are warranted.
Nna1 gene deficiency triggers Purkinje neuron death by tubulin hyperglutamylation and ER dysfunction

Posttranslational glutamylation/deglutamylation balance in tubulins influences dendritic maturation and neuronal survival of cerebellar Purkinje neurons (PNs). PNs and some additional neuronal types degenerate in several spontaneous, independently occurring Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mice featuring mutant neuronal nuclear protein induced by axotomy (Nna1), a deglutamylase gene. This defective deglutamylase allows glutamylases to form hyperglutamylated tubulins. In pcd, all PNs die during postnatal "adolescence." Neurons in some additional brain regions also die, mostly later than PNs. We show in laser capture microdissected single PNs, in cerebellar granule cell neuronal clusters, and in dissected hippocampus and substantia nigra that deglutamase mRNA and protein were virtually absent before pcd PNs degenerated, whereas glutaminase mRNA and protein remained normal. Hyperglutamylated microtubules and dimeric tubulins accumulated in pcd PNs and were involved in pcd PN death by glutamylase/deglutamylase imbalance. Importantly, treatment with a microtubule depolymerizer corrected the glutamylation/deglutamylation ratio, increasing PN survival. Further, before onset of neuronal death, pcd PNs displayed prominent basal polylisosomal masses rich in ER. We propose a "seesaw" metamorphic model summarizing mutant Nna1-induced tubulin hyperglutamylation, the pcd's PN phenotype, and report that the neuronal disorder involved ER stress, unfolded protein response, and protein synthesis inhibition preceding PN death by apoptosis/necroptosis.
High Dose Cytarabine, Mitoxantrone and L-Asparaginase (HAMA) Salvage For Relapsed Or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) In The Elderly

AML is a disease of older adults with the median age at diagnosis of 68. Elderly AML, generally defined as patients ≥60 years of age, is a clinically distinct disease highlighted by worse overall survival (OS), lower complete remission (CR) rates, and higher treatment related toxicity. Most elderly AML patients who achieve a CR will eventually relapse and require further chemotherapy. Despite the central role of relapsed disease in elderly patients few studies have reported on outcomes using salvage chemotherapy in patients over 60 years of age and no standard regimen has been established. We retrospectively examined data for 108 consecutive relapsed or refractory AML patients treated with the HAMA regimen at Wake Forest between May, 1999 and December, 2010. This regimen consists of high dose cytarabine (3gm/m2 in patients <60, 1 to 3gm/m2 in patients ≥60) given Q12 hours for 5 doses, mitoxantrone at 6mg/m2 once daily for 3 days immediately following the cytarabine and a single dose of L-asparaginase at 6000 units/m2 following the last dose of mitoxantrone. We collected data on age, gender, race, comorbidities, baseline lab values, cytogenetics at relapse, length of first remission (CR1), attainment of second complete remission (CR2), further therapy received and survival. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox proportional hazards models. Of the 108 patients analyzed, 75 were ≥60 years old and 33 were younger than 60 at the time of HAMA treatment. The median age for the younger cohort was 51 (range 20-59) and for the elderly cohort was 68 (range 60-84). Older patients were more likely to have refractory disease (25% vs 6%), one or more comorbidities (47% vs 12%) and poor risk cytogenetics (23% vs 16%). Early all cause mortality (30 and 60 day) was 13% and 22% respectively for all patients and 17% and 28% for those ≥60. The percentage of patients that died during hospitalization or were discharged to hospice was 25% for all patients (12% 1 year (p=0.0005). Of the 16 patients in the cytogenetic poor risk group only 12% (2/16) achieved CR2 and none were alive more than 14 months from relapse. Median survival for patients with CR1 >1 year was 13.6 (5.9-19.7) months compared to 5.8 (3.3-7.2) months for patients with CR1 <1 year. In conclusion, the HAMA salvage regimen when given to older patients results in a 37% complete remission rate with a median survival of almost one year in this subgroup, however only 12% went on to allogeneic HCT and only 3% were alive 24 months after relapse. Patients with poor risk cytogenetics regardless of age were not effectively salvaged with this regimen and should be offered experimental therapy when possible. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Fat-Soluble Vitamins

The fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. Each vitamin has unique characteristics and contributes to the overall health of an individual. These vitamins have complex absorption, metabolism, and distribution elements that provide protection to the cells in the body as well as many organs. Fat-soluble vitamins, once ingested and processed, are stored in the body for use. Most fat-soluble vitamins are obtained from fruits, vegetables, nuts, and animals.
Radiated RFI Measurement of SKA Dish Digitizer RXS123 in an Anechoic Chamber

This paper identifies sources of EMI emissions of the SKA-mid Receiver Sampler for SKA frequency Bands 1 to 3 (RXS123) and describes the EMI test facilities and test process for the digitizer prototype. The RXS123 must satisfy very strict EMI radiation and susceptibility standards listed in the SPF Receiver Requirement Specification [1]. The digitizer architecture has been designed from the ground up to meet these EMI requirements. This paper presents the radiated RFI measurements of the RXS123 focusing on the clock synthesizer and ODL board from 50 MHZ to 8.7 GHz.
Transcriptomic changes due to early, chronic intermittent alcohol exposure during forebrain development implicate WNT signaling, cell-type specification, and cortical regionalization as primary determinants of fetal alcohol syndrome

Background Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) due to gestational alcohol exposure represents one of the most common causes of non-heritable lifelong disability worldwide. In vitro and in vivo models have successfully recapitulated multiple facets of the disorder, including morphological and behavioral deficits, but far less is understood regarding the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying FAS. Methods In this study, we utilized an in vitro human pluripotent stem cell-based (hPSC) model of corticogenesis to probe the effects of early, chronic intermittent alcohol exposure on the transcriptome of first trimester-equivalent cortical neurons. Results We used RNA-sequencing of developing hPSC-derived neurons treated for 50 days with 50mM ethanol, and identified a relatively small number of biological pathways significantly altered by alcohol exposure. These included cell-type specification, axon guidance, synaptic function and regional patterning, with a notable upregulation of WNT signaling-associated transcripts observed in alcohol exposed cultures relative to alcohol-naive controls. Importantly, this effect paralleled a shift in gene expression of transcripts associated with regional patterning, such that caudal forebrain-related transcripts were upregulated at the expense of more anterior ones. Results from H9 embryonic stem cells were largely replicated in an induced pluripotent stem cell line (IMR90-4), indicating that these patterning alterations are not cell-type specific. Conclusions Thus, we find that a major effect of chronic intermittent alcohol on the developing cerebral cortex is an overall imbalance in regionalization, with enrichment of gene expression related to the production of posterodorsal progenitors and a diminution of anteroventral progenitors, a finding which parallels behavioral and morphological phenotypes observed in animal models of high-dose prenatal alcohol exposure, as well as patients with FAS.
120 Hours Until the Consistent Treatment of Simultaneous Death Under the California Probate Code

The issue of simultaneous death arises when there is insufficient evidence that two individuals died other than simultaneously. In the case of closely proximate deaths, devolution of the estate depends upon the order of death. The California Probate Code applies standards of proof for survival, which will determine order of death and ultimately whether or not one has the right to inherit property of the decedent. One such standard is set forth in California Probate Code § 6403, which provides that if one dies intestate, the beneficiary must provide clear and convincing evidence of survival by 120 hours. However, this 120 hour standard is not consistent throughout the California Probate Code, and applies only to intestacy and statutory wills. The standard that applies to formally attested or holographic wills is that of clear and convincing evidence, stripped of the benefit of the 120 hour rule. This Article examines the inconsistent adoption of the 120 Hour Rule in the California Probate Code, and proposes a narrowly-tailored legislative solution: California Probate Code § 220 must be amended to replace the “clear and convincing evidence” standard with a 120-hour rule. The same policies that drive the adoption of the 120 hour rule, justify its consistent application through the California Probate Code. In effect, this will create a default 120-hour rule in California, and repair present legislative inconsistencies that prejudice the self-represented or incompetently represented.
Original ContributionsUnemployment and underemployment in 1996 graduates of new york city gastroenterology training programs

Objective: Based on anecdotal reports of young gastroenterologists facing extreme difficulty in finding a job, we sought to gain information about the success of newly trained gastroenterologists in finding employment in their subspecialty, and to find any possible predictors of unemployment. Methods: We surveyed all fellows finishing basic or advanced gastroenterology fellowship training in New York City in June 1996. Data were collected on unemployment, underemployment (practicing less than half-time gastroenterology), and also type of job, employment terms, training program, medical school, gender, and satisfaction with job plans. Results: Of the 59 study subjects who sought gastroenterology employment in the United States, data were collected on all of them (100%). Fifteen subjects (25%) were unemployed. An additional 10 subjects (17%) were underemployed. Of the 24 subjects expecting to be associates in a group practice, eight (33%) had either no signed contract, were underemployed, or both. Programs that did not participate in the National Residency Matching Program were more likely to have both unemployed and underemployed graduates. Conclusion: Unemployment among newly trained gastroenterologists in New York City is very high. Also, there is substantial underemployment, and this phenomenon needs to be taken into account when studying the workforce.
Victorian Literature, Religion, and Secularization

Recent debates about secularization are transforming Victorian literary studies. Earlier consensus about how to understand the relationship between religion, modernity, and secularization has given way to a variety of new models that no longer take for granted religion’s modern decline. Historical and literary studies now often emphasize the robust state of nineteenth-century religion in particular, and this emphasis should alter our view of that period’s representative texts. Finally, revisionist ideas about secularization also permit us to see an internal critique of our prior secularization narrative from within the nineteenth century itself.
The Collective Classic: A Case for the Reading of Science

In this essay we argue that science writing from periods of great change in science can be used productively in the classroom to advance scientific literacy. Because the success of a scientific revolution is due not only to strength of ideas, but also to the persuasive power of language, such texts are open to a broad range of readers. Specifically, we compare the scientific monograph, a common form of scientific communication prior to the 20th century, with the short paper prevalent in the late 20th century and argue that there are cases in which a small group of papers can serve the same function as a monograph. Monographs which launch scientific revolutions become classic texts for science, but what if there is no single text for a scientific revolution? We have analyzed the seminal papers for the molecular genetic revolution and for the plate tectonic revolution and show that small collections of papers serve the same purposes and use many of the same rhetorical devices as classical monographs for earlier revolutions. We also contend that these ‘collective classics’ merit a broader readership than they receive.
Is China Subordinating Health and Environmental Concerns to Economic Growth

The popular press frequently portrays China in a negative light when it reports on environmental and health issues: widespread air and water pollution, mine accidents, and contaminated imports such as food and toys. The image is hardly positive. How much of this accurately reflects reality, and how much reflects a tendency of the popular press to accentuate the negative? Is the image the same in professional journals and technical reports?
Assessing the microlesion effect of subthalamic deep brain stimulation surgery with FDG PET

Object The authors investigated whether the insertion of deep brain stimulation electrodes into the subthalamic nucleus can alter regional brain metabolism in the absence of stimulation. Methods Six patients with Parkinson disease (PD) underwent preoperative FDG PET scanning, and again after STN electrode implantation with stimulation turned off. Results Compared with baseline values, glucose utilization was reduced in the postoperative off-stimulation scans in the putamen/globus pallidus and in the ventral thalamus (p < 0.01), and there was increased metabolism in the sensorimotor cortex and cerebellum (p < 0.005). The expression of a specific PD-related spatial covariance pattern measured in the FDG PET data did not change after electrode implantation (p = 0.36), nor was there a significant change in clinical motor ratings (p = 0.44). Differences in PD-related spatial covariance pattern expression among the patients after electrode implantation did, however, correlate with the number of microelectrode r...
Antitrust Policy (US)

The historical development of antitrust (competition) policy in the United States is described in this article. This is followed by a broad overview of the principle US statutes. Debate over the original intent and interpretation of these statutes is examined, as is some of the controversy surrounding the economic theory and philosophy supporting these statutes. Keywords: antitrust; monopoly; market power; competition; policy
Representing Edge Models via Local Principal Component Analysis

Edge detection depends not only upon the assumed model of what an edge is, but also on how this model is represented. The problem of how to represent the edge model is typically neglected, despite the fact that the representation is a bottleneck for both computational cost and accuracy. We propose to represent edge models by a partition of the edge manifold corresponding to the edge model, where each local element of the partition is described by its principal components. We describe the construction of this representation and demonstrate its benefits for various edge models.
A Review of Interventions Designed to Increase Sharing Behaviors in Children with Social Delays or Deficits

Sharing materials is a complex social behavior that may lead to long-term development of friendships and concomitant increases in related prosocial behaviors. Given the complexities of sharing behaviors, children with social delays or deficits may not recognize when, how, and with whom to share. Because children with social delays or deficits, especially those with disabilities, may not engage in typical sharing behaviors, and because these behaviors are important, identifying interventions for sharing and related social behaviors are crucial. The purpose of this review was to identify sharing interventions, evaluate methodological rigor, and assess intervention effectiveness. Twenty single-case designs published in 11 articles were included. Some studies reported variable results and had considerable methodological limitations. Results of high-quality studies are promising and provide a foundation for future research on sharing behaviors.
The role of NK cells in the regulation of experimental metastasis in a murine lymphoma system.

This report describes the role of natural killer (NK) cells in regulating the localization of two closely related murine lymphomas (ASL1 and ASL1w) to various organ sites. These tumors are phenotypically similar yet differ in their overall malignancy and experimental metastatic pattern. Both tumors show similar patterns of migration in kinetic studies, however, they vary in their NK susceptibility. Cold target inhibition analysis and assessment of susceptibility to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) suggested that the NK resistance of ASL1 was due to the lack of expression of a relevant target structure(s) required for NK recognition. The role of NK cells in regulating the growth of the tumors invivowas studied by altering NK cell levels in recipient mice prior to tumor injection. Neither NK cell depletion nor augmentation affected the growth of the NK resistant ASL1 tumor but NK depletion significantly shortened the mean survival time (MST) of recipients of the NK sensitive ASL1w tumor as well as changed its metastatic pattern; conversely, NK augmentation significantly increased the MST of ASL1w recipients. These data suggest that NK cells play a critical role in determining the metastatic characteristics of the ASL1w lymphoma.
Design of a multi-functional slot aperture (combo-antenna) for automotive applications

Two conformal, shallow cavity backed, slot antennas are combined into a single configuration to operate at different frequencies and with different electrical characteristics. This new combo-antenna is intended for use in automobile applications and demonstrates a new paradigm in antenna design. A specific design is presented for receiving digital audio broadcasting (DAB $1452-1492 MHz) and satellite digital audio radio system (SDARS - 2332.5-2345 MHz). The antenna consists of a slot spiral and annular ring(s) to deliver patterns that are either circularly or linearly polarised and satisfy various low angle pattern requirements. It is designed using a finite element boundary integral (FE-BI) (see Ozdemir, T. et al., IEE Proc. - Microw. Antennas Propagat., vol.246, no.6, p.447-54, 1999; D. Filipovic, at all., Proc. IEEE APS Int. Symp., p.414-417, 2001) code specially developed for radiating structures with narrow slot lines. The combo antenna is built on inexpensive 0.1575 cm thick FR-4 (/spl epsiv/ = 4.25, tan/spl delta/ = 0.014) substrate.
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (PST) population dynamics both on and in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) leaves as affected by rain events

Abstract Field trials were conducted to evaluate the season long population dynamics and location (in leaf or on leaf surface) of an antibiotic resistant strain of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tagetis (PST) applied to Canada thistle leaves. An application preceding 2 to 3 d of hot dry weather was compared to an application preceding 2 to 3 d of cool wet weather. Leaf samples were taken weekly to assess the population of PST found inside the leaves and on the leaf surface. While PST populations initially differed, populations were similar for both treatments one week after application. While this suggests that environment did not have a major impact, weather conditions for testing this hypothesis were not ideal. Over the first 35 d of the experiment, little rainfall was observed. PST populations were low and stable. However, rain events over the 40 d that followed resulted in great oscillations in mean PST populations and in some cases significant population increases. During dry periods, interna...