cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Biological legacies: Direct early ecosystem recovery and food web reorganization after a volcanic eruption in Alaska

Abstract: Attempts to understand how communities assemble following a disturbance are challenged by the difficulty of determining the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes. Biological legacies, which result from organisms that survive a disturbance, can favour deterministic processes in community assembly and improve predictions of successional trajectories. Recently disturbed ecosystems are often so rapidly colonized by propagules that the role of biological legacies is obscured. We studied biological legacies on a remote volcanic island in Alaska following a devastating eruption where the role of colonization from adjacent communities was minimized. The role of biological legacies in the near shore environment was not clear, because although some kelp survived, they were presumably overwhelmed by the many vagile propagules in a marine environment. The legacy concept was most applicable to terrestrial invertebrates and plants that survived in remnants of buried soil that were expo...
Postural Synergies Associated With a Stepping Task

Background and Purpose. Synergistic relationships among multiple muscle components are thought to exist to simplify control of posture and movement. The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which children, young adults, and older adults exhibit consistent sequences of postural muscle activation when lifting the right foot onto a step from a standing position. Subjects. Twenty subjects without known impairments of the neuromuscular system (10 male, 10 female) in each of 3 age groups—children (8–12 years), young adults (25–35 years), and older adults (65–73 years)—participated. Methods. A pressure switch taped to the subject's right foot was used to determine movement onset and offset. Latencies of muscle activation were determined using surface electromyography. A preferred postural synergy was defined as the sequence of postural muscle activation observed during the majority of trials for each subject. Results. Mean movement times did not differ among age groups. Although the left tibialis anterior (TA) muscle was the first of the postural muscles activated in 93% of the trials, subjects displayed considerable variability in the subsequent order of postural muscle activation. Across subjects, a total of 14 different preferred postural synergies were observed. Age groups did not differ in the number of different synergies. Conclusion and Discussion. Early TA activation may reflect biomechanical constraints of the stepping task, producing forward displacement of the center of mass over the changing base of support. The fact that subjects of all ages were quite variable in the specific sequences of muscles activated subsequent to the TA suggests that, for this type of task, therapists should not focus their interventions on facilitating execution of particular synergy patterns.
Coordinated robust routing by dual cluster heads in layered wireless sensor networks

In this paper, we propose the coordinated robust routing (CRR) scheme to address the fault tolerance requirements in the layered wireless sensor networks. In the proposed scheme, the robust routing trees are constructed coordinately from the most outward layer all the way to the sink node. The coordination is achieved by selecting two dedicated cluster heads for every two clusters in one layer. The problem of selecting dual cluster heads is formulated as a transportation problem, which can be solved using network flow algorithms. By having two cluster heads for every cluster pair, the CRR scheme helps to achieve fault tolerance and energy efficiency with low degree of network redundancy as well as low inter-packet delay. The performance of the CRR scheme in terms of delay, energy consumption, and network lifetime has been confirmed through simulations and compared with the single cluster head scheme.
Disease-related myotubularins function in endocytic traffic in Caenorhabditis elegans.

MTM1, MTMR2, and SBF2 belong to a family of proteins called the myotubularins. X-linked myotubular myopathy, a severe congenital disorder characterized by hypotonia and generalized muscle weakness in newborn males, is caused by mutations in MTM1 (Laporte et al., 1996 ). Charcot-Marie-Tooth types 4B1 and 4B2 are severe demyelinating neuropathies caused by mutations in MTMR2 (Bolino et al., 2000 ) and SBF2/MTMR13 (Senderek et al., 2003 ), respectively. Although several myotubularins are known to regulate phosphoinositide-phosphate levels in cells, little is known about the actual cellular process that is defective in patients with these diseases. Mutations in worm MTM-6 and MTM-9, myotubularins belonging to two subgroups, disorganize phosphoinositide 3-phosphate localization and block endocytosis in the coelomocytes of Caenorhabditis elegans. We demonstrate that MTM-6 and MTM-9 function as part of a complex to regulate an endocytic pathway that involves the Arf6 GTPase, and we define protein domains required for MTM-6 activity.
The 1930s Depression in Latin America: A macro analysis

The Depression of the 1930s continues to command attention; some urge wholesale revocation of the policy responses it engendered, while many predict its imminent return. An important trend in recent academic studies of the Depression is the broadening of the geographical range of countries analyzed, while adopting a more consciously comparative perspective.’ This paper2 extends that work by analyzing selected experiences in Latin America, providing and commenting on comparisons with both Europe and North America. Its goal is to deepen our analytical understanding of the factors determining changes in prices and output during the period. The basic framework of discussion is simple aggregate supply and demand curves, various aspects of which are investigated below in the different parts of the paper, leading finally to some broad conclusions, The interwar evolution of real output for six Latin American countries is presented in Graph 1; the post-1929 decline in output was greatest in Chile, least in Colombia, while Honduras did not experience a typical cycle during the early 1930~.~ The decline in GDP started before 1928
Methionine-containing peptides can be used as methionine sources for protein accretion in cultured C2C12 and MAC-T cells.

Twenty-two methionine-containing di- to octapeptides were evaluated for their ability to be a source of methionine to support protein accretion in C 2 C 12 myogenic and MAC -T bovine mammary epithelial cells. The cell cultures were incubated for 72 h at 37°C in a humidified environment of 90% air :10% CO 2 for C 2 C 12 cells or 95% air : 5% CO 2 for MAC-T cells. The basal medium contained methionine-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium and 6% desalted fetal bovine serum. Treatments included basal medium, the basal medium supplemented with one of the 22 methionine-containing peptides, or the basal medium supplemented with free L-methionine. Methionine-containing peptides with the exception of glycylmethionine and prolylme-thionine in C 2 C 12 cells were able to support protein accretion with responses ranging from 29.1 to 123.3% of the response of L-methionine. Dipeptides with methionine at the N-terminus promoted greater (P < 0.0001) protein accretion than dipeptides with methionine at the C-terminus. Stimulation of protein accretion by seven pairs of dipeptides with methionine at either the C- or the N-terminus was linearly (P < 0.0001) related to the hydrophobicity of the dipeptides. These results indicate that C 2 C 12 myogenic and MAC-T mammary epithelial cells have the ability to utilize methionine-containing peptides as sources of methionine to support protein accretion.
Fur-independent regulation of iron metabolism by Irr in Bradyrhizobium japonicum

Bradyrhizobium japonicum expresses both Fur and Irr, proteins that mediate iron-dependent regulation of gene expression. Control of irr mRNA accumulation by iron was aberrant in a fur mutant strain, and Fur repressed an irr::lacZ promoter fusion in the presence of iron. Furthermore, metal-dependent binding of Fur to an irr gene promoter was demonstrated in a region with no significant similarity to the Fur-binding consensus DNA element. These data suggest that the modest control of irr transcription by iron is mediated by Fur. However, Irr protein levels were regulated normally by iron in the fur strain, indicating that Fur is not required for post-transcriptional control of the irr gene. Accordingly, regulation of hemB, a haem biosynthesis gene regulated by Irr, was controlled normally by iron in a fur strain. In addition, the hemA gene was shown to be controlled by Fur, but not by Irr. It was concluded that Fur cannot be the only protein by which B. japonicum cells sense and respond to iron, and that Irr may be involved in Fur-independent signal transduction. Furthermore, iron-dependent regulation of haem biosynthesis involves both Irr and Fur.
Business Models and Social Entrepreneurship

The financial crisis of 2007/08 has caused many to question the basic premises of the current business system and the financial service industry in particular. In a recent article, Michael Porter and Mark Kramer suggest that corporations should aim to regain legitimacy by pursuing shared value rather than mere financial value. Specifically, they suggest that managers look at the field of social entrepreneurship to learn how such shared value can be created. In this article I present the concept of social entrepreneurship and introduce two areas in which social entrepreneurs have created novel business models: micro-finance and social impact investing. I analyze what lessons can be learned for shared value creation for the financial industry as a whole and those interested in socially responsible finance. I conclude with the presentation of caveats.
An improved method for monitoring parasitism and establishment of Oobius agrili (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), an egg parasitoid introduced for biological control of the emerald ash borer (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America

Oobius agrili Zhang and Huang (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is a solitary egg parasitoid that has been released in the United States since 2007 for biocontrol of the invasive emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae). Field and laboratory trials with ash logs infested with EAB eggs were conducted in Michigan between 2009 and 2010 to improve methods for monitoring the establishment of O. agrili. Naturally occurring EAB eggs were collected in both parasitoid-release and control (non-parasitoid-release) plots to compare with the EAB egg-sentinel log (ESL) technique. In three parasitoid-release plots, >50% of ESLs had O. agrili-parasitized eggs ranging from 3.9% to 48.2% egg parasitism after one week of field exposure. No EAB eggs were attacked by O. agrili on the ESLs deployed in control plots. In the laboratory, 100% of ESLs exposed to O. agrili inside rearing jars for one week had parasitized-eggs (68.5% egg parasitism). Deployment of ESLs detected low levels of parasitism by O. agrili in all three ash stands where O. agrili was released in previous years. In contrast, collection of naturally occurring EAB eggs detected the parasitism in only one of these three parasitoid-release ash stands. No parasitism was detected in control ash stands with either method. These findings indicate that populations of O. agrili released in previous years had successfully overwintered and established in the released ash stands by 2010, but had not yet dispersed to the control stands.
Josef Steindl: un economista del suo tempo

This paper discusses the life and work of Josef Steindl. It examines the development of his thought from his early writings on firm size and industrial concentration to his late work on the post-war problems of capitalist economies. Special attention is given to his seminal work on the Great Depression: Maturity and Stagnation in American Capitalism (1952). His work, which covered all the critical economic developments of the 20 th century, greatly illuminated the problems of his times, and is as relevant to the problems of our own as it was to his. JEL codes: E6, O4 Keywords: Great Depression, economic stagnation, capitalist development
Entrepreneurial orientation, marketing capabilities and performance: The Moderating role of Competitive Intensity on Latin American International New Ventures

Abstract International new ventures (INVs) face constant competitive intensity, which serves to increase the already high difficulty of enhancing marketing capabilities to gain superior performance in foreign markets. International entrepreneurship (IE) literature suggests that entrepreneurial orientation (EO) may influence INVs' performance. However, EO can be a resource-consuming strategic orientation, and INVs face resource constraints. Specifically, the literature expresses doubts as to whether increasing levels of EO are favorable for all INVs, all the time. From the resource-based view (RBV) perspective, the present paper extends previous IE research by investigating whether the degree to which EO and corresponding marketing capabilities vary under differing competitive intensities when enhancing performance. The findings highlight the moderating role of competitive intensity between EO and marketing capabilities for better INV performance. These have important implications for the decisions of IE scholars and practitioners about EO allocation in order to enhance the required marketing capabilities for INV's increased performance. The survey data consist of Mexican INVs, where the emphasis on constrained resources is high as are the competitive intensity challenges that these firms face in foreign markets. Therefore, this study contributes to the almost wholly ignored research about Latin American new venture internationalization and performance debate.
Janis: Two Perspectives of Basis

The Ninth and the Second Circuits affirmed the Tax Court decision in Janis but based their respective decisions on different rationales.
Carbon‐14 Bomb Pulse Dating

Abstract: Atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons during the 1950s and early 1960s doubled the concentration of carbon-14 in the atmosphere and created a pulse that labeled everything alive since 1955 as carbon moved up the food chain. The variation in carbon-14 concentration in time is well-documented and can be used to chronologically date all biological materials since the mid-1950s.
Matrix Training of Receptive Language Skills with a Toddler with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Study

Matrix training is a systematic teaching approach that can facilitate generalized language. Specific responses are taught that result in the emergence of untrained responses. This type of training facilitates the use of generalized language in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study used a matrix training procedure with a toddler with ASD. The participant was taught five responses that consisted of action-object instructions. He generalized responding to 11 untrained of 16 learned responses. This case study provided preliminary support for the use of a matrix training procedure with a toddler with ASD to promote generative language acquisition.
Fano interference in two-photon transport

We present a general input-output formalism for the few-photon transport in multiple waveguide channels coupled to a local cavity. Using this formalism, we study the effect of Fano interference in two-photon quantum transport. We show that the physics of Fano interference can manifest as an asymmetric spectral line shape in the frequency dependence of the two-photon correlation function. The two-photon fluorescence spectrum, on the other hand, does not exhibit the physics of Fano interference.
Current status and future plans of the Aeroprediction Code

This paper discusses the evolution of the Aeroprediction Code (APC) from its first version in 1972 to the latest version released to the public in 1995 (AP95). Current theoretical methodology used in the AP95 is shown and past references where the new methods were developed are given. Typical application examples of the code are given. These include conceptual design, trim aerodynamics, structural loads, and aeroheating. Future plans for the APC are also discussed specifically for the next version of the code to be released in 1998 and more generally past that time frame.
SAME-SEX DYADS AND TOMAN'S THEORY OF BIRTH-ORDER COMPATIBILITY

Toman ( 1962, 1969) has offered evidence that opposite-sex relationships exhibit interpersonal stability to the degree that dyad members are compatible for birth order. Birth-order compatibility means the absence of (a) rank conflict, e.g., older brother of sisters marrying an older sister of brothers, and ( b ) sex conflict, e.g., older brother of brothers marrying a younger sister of siscers. The present research extended Toman's theory to relationships between dyad members of the same sex. Toman's theory should predict that those dyads exhibiting least interpersonal conflict would be those in which members' birthorders reflected sibling relations of the same sex and were appropriately matched for rank. The oldest sister of sisters, for instance, would be expected to get along better with the youngest sister of siscers (no rank or sex conflict) than with the older sister of brothers (rank and sex conflict). Pairs of dormitory roommates (50 pairs of females, 27 pairs of males) at Vassar College indicated ( a ) their familial birth-order relations and ( b ) the degree of interpersonal conflict experienced with their roommates. Conflict was defined as the degree of controversy, disagreement, and argumentativeness among roommates; it was operationalized on a 5-point scale, with 1 representing "no conflicc" and 5 representing "much conflict." Each pair was then classified as (1) compatible or incompatible for birth order (presence of rank and/or sex conflict) and ( 2 ) experiencing high interpersonal conflict (scale value of 3 or higher) or low interpersonal conflict (2.9 or below). Twelve pairs exhibited high interpersonal conflict and conflicting birthorders; 20 pairs, low interpersonal conflict, conflicting birth orders; six pairs, high interpersonal conflict, no birth-order conflict; 39 pairs, low interpersonal conflict and no birth-order conflict. A test for independence yielded significant results (x2 = 4.82, df = 1, p < .05). The findings offer some support of the applicability of Toman's theory to dyadic relations with members of the same sex.
Citizen Journalism: A retrospective on what we know, an agenda for what we don’t

This article reviews the state of research on citizen journalism over the past decade. The key areas covered include the ways traditional journalism has responded to this phenomenon from its early criticisms and later clumsy embrace of citizen content; the promises and perils of hyper-local citizen journalism; the intersections of social media tools and individual citizen content creators such as those on blogs and Twitter; citizen journalism in the hands of activists; and the conditions for citizen reporting in authoritarian contexts. The article ends with recommendations for future research.
Rectifiable Curves and the Weierstrass Integral

(1958). Rectifiable Curves and the Weierstrass Integral. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 65, No. 7, pp. 485-500.
Sclerotiniaceae V. on Some Tropical Lambertella Species

(1974). Sclerotiniaceae V. on Some Tropical Lambertella Species. Mycologia: Vol. 66, No. 2, pp. 341-346.
A Study on Liver Function Damage in Workers Occupational Exposed to Termite Control Drugs

[Objective]To explore the level of liver function damage in workers exposed to the termite control drugs. [Methods]γ-GT,LDH and CG in serum and other relevant liver function indices together with chlordane in serum and arsenic content in urine of the workers exposed to termite control drugs were investigated.The influences of factors such as the exposed period,smoking,drinking and the content of chlordane in serum or arsenic in urine on the liver function were also analyzed. [Results]The levels ofγ-GT,LDH and CG were significantly higher in all exposed groups than that in the control(P0.05), and correlated with the exposed time.Drinking could enhance the damage to liver function(P0.05),but smoking did not.The levels ofγ-GT,LDH and CG all correlated with the concentration of chlordane in serum and arsenic in urine.[Conclusion] Long period exposure to the termite control drugs containing chlordane or arsenic compound may lead to damage of liver function.
Constrained Cepstral Speaker Recognition Using Matched UBM and JFA Training.

We study constrained speaker recognition systems, or systems that model standard cepstral features that fall within particular types of speech regions. A question in modeling such systems is whether to constrain universal background model (UBM) training, joint factor analysis (JFA), or both. We explore this question, as well as how to optimize UBM model size, using a corpus of Arabic male speakers. Over a large set of phonetic and prosodic constraints, we find that the performance of a system using constrained JFA and UBM is on average 5.24% better than when using constraint-independent (all frames) JFA and UBM. We find further improvement from optimizing UBM size based on the percentage of frames covered by the constraint.
FBXO11: a novel germinal center B-cell regulator?

In this issue of Blood , [Schneider et al][1] report that F-box protein 11 (FBXO11) inactivation leads to abnormal germinal center (GC) formation and lymphoproliferative disease.[1][2] Ubiquitin-mediated proteasomal degradation is a conserved cellular mechanism for regulation of protein turnover
Epilepsy Surgery Outcome in Children

Seizure frequency, neuropsychological function, quality of life, and need for antiepileptic drugs were evaluated in 33 consecutive children following epilepsy surgery at 12 years of age or younger at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and the Cleveland Clinic Epilepsy Centers.
MicroRNA profiling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues potentially links tumorigenesis and recurrence with obesity.

MicroRNA profiling in clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissues potentially links tumorigenesis and recurrence with obesity
Differences in TV Viewing and Computer Game Playing’s Relationships with Physical Activity and Eating Behaviors among Adolescents: An NHANES Study

ABSTRACTBackground: TV viewing and computer game use may both limit physical activity, but only TV viewing may promote a poorer diet due to exposure to food advertising and availability of the hands for snacking. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between the different screen times and type 2 diabetes markers among youth. Methods: A sample of 12- to 17-year-olds was obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A mediation analysis was initiated, but the null was retained between the screen time types and oral glucose tolerance test values. Relationships between screen time types and physical activity and diet behaviors were investigated using linear regression and adjustments for multiple comparisons. Results: A one-unit increase in square root–transformed hours spent playing computer games was associated with an increased consumption of 288 calories per day (P = .001), whereas TV viewing was not. Discussion: Computer game users might snack ...
Adaptive Amplification: An Inducible Chromosomal Instability Mechanism

Adaptive mutation is an induced response to environmental stress in which mutation rates rise, producing permanent genetic changes that can adapt cells to stress. This contrasts with neo-Darwinian views of genetic change rates blind to environmental conditions. DNA amplification is a flexible, reversible genomic change that has long been postulated to be adaptive. We report the discovery of adaptive amplification at the lac operon in Escherichia coli. Additionally, we find that adaptive amplification is separate from, and does not lead to, adaptive point mutation. This contradicts a prevailing alternative hypothesis whereby adaptive mutation is normal mutability in amplified DNA. Instead, adaptive mutation and amplification are parallel routes of inducible genetic instability allowing rapid evolution under stress, and escape from growth inhibition.
Bayesian calibration of groundwater models with input data uncertainty

Effective water resources management typically relies on numerical models to analyze groundwater flow and solute transport processes. Groundwater models are often subject to input data uncertainty, as some inputs (such as recharge and well pumping rates) are estimated and subject to uncertainty. Current practices of groundwater model calibration often overlook uncertainties in input data; this can lead to biased parameter estimates and compromised predictions. Through a synthetic case study of surface-ground water interaction under changing pumping conditions and land use, we investigate the impacts of uncertain pumping and recharge rates on model calibration and uncertainty analysis. We then present a Bayesian framework of model calibration to handle uncertain input of groundwater models. The framework implements a marginalizing step to account for input data uncertainty when evaluating likelihood. It was found that not accounting for input uncertainty may lead to biased, overconfident parameter estimates because parameters could be over-adjusted to compensate for possible input data errors. Parameter compensation can have deleterious impacts when the calibrated model is used to make forecast under a scenario that is different from calibration conditions. By marginalizing input data uncertainty, the Bayesian calibration approach effectively alleviates parameter compensation and gives more accurate predictions in the synthetic case study. The marginalizing Bayesian method also decomposes prediction uncertainty into uncertainties contributed by parameters, input data, and measurements. The results underscore the need to account for input uncertainty to better inform postmodeling decision making.
"Rare place where I feel normal": Perceptions of a social support conference among parents of and people with Moebius syndrome.

Abstract Background Moebius syndrome is a rare congenital disorder resulting in impaired facial and eye movement. People with rare diseases like Moebius syndrome experience stigma and a lack of specialized information. Support conferences may provide important forms of social support for people with rare disorders. Aims To examine reasons for attending, benefits, and limitations of support conferences. Methods and procedures 50 adults with Moebius syndrome and 57 parents of people with Moebius syndrome completed open-ended items in an online study. Outcomes and results Mixed- methods content analysis revealed that companionship and informational support were most frequently mentioned as reasons for and benefits of attending. Finances were the most frequently mentioned reason for not attending. Parents were more likely than people with Moebius to describe instrumental support as a conference benefit. When describing conference limitations, parents were significantly more concerned by lack of information relevance, while people with Moebius noted more often that conference attributes were not relevant to their age. Conclusions and implications Being surrounded by others who share one’s condition offers a unique opportunity for destigmatizing companionship support, which normalizes, reduces isolation, and promotes solidarity. Ways to increase facilitators and decrease barriers to accessing support for rare disorders should be investigated.
Erythromycin Modification That Improves Its Acidic Stability while Optimizing It for Local Drug Delivery

The antibiotic erythromycin has limited efficacy and bioavailability due to its instability and conversion under acidic conditions via an intramolecular dehydration reaction. To improve the stability of erythromycin, several analogs have been developed-such as azithromycin and clarithromycin-which decrease the rate of intramolecular dehydration. We set out to build upon this prior work by developing a conjugate of erythromycin with improved pH stability, bioavailability, and preferential release from a drug delivery system directly at the low pH of an infection site. To develop this new drug conjugate, adamantane-1-carbohydrazide was covalently attached to erythromycin via a pH-degradable hydrazone bond. Since Staphylococcus aureus infection sites are slightly acidic, the hydrazone bond will undergo hydrolysis liberating erythromycin directly at the infection site. The adamantane group provides interaction with the drug delivery system. This local delivery strategy has the potential of reducing off-target and systemic side-effects. This work demonstrates the synthesis of a pH-cleavable, erythromycin conjugate that retains the inherent antimicrobial activity of erythromycin, has an increased hydrophobicity, and improved stability in acidic conditions; thereby enhancing erythromycin's bioavailability while simultaneously reducing its toxicity.
Gene Luen Yang’s Graphic Bi-Bye to China/Town

In this chapter, Gene Luen Yang’s graphic novels are examined in terms of potential pitfalls of biculturalism, which does not so much proclaim a happy equilibrium of two cultures and two languages as it suggests the yang of graphic presence locked into the yin of memory’s occlusion and absence. In lieu of a perfect bicultural and bilingual symmetry, Yang subconsciously whispers “bye” to hypothetical “roots” nearly beyond retrieval. To pronounce a bountiful bi-heritage is to be in denial of the good-bye to racial roots, since the farewell’s genesis of “God be with you” doubles back to Yang’s abiding Christian and U.S. West Coast identity in a career in search of, ironically, Chineseness.
mRNA Vaccine with Antigen-Specific Checkpoint Blockade Induces an Enhanced Immune Response against Established Melanoma

We reported a preclinical cancer vaccine that simultaneously introduced an mRNA antigen and an immune checkpoint blocking siRNA into the antigen-presenting cells. This was achieved by formulating both nucleic acid-based immunotherapeutics into a lipid-coated calcium phosphate (LCP) nanoparticle (NP) as a carrier to address the delivery challenge. The PEGylated lipid NPs were functionalized with mannose as the targeting ligand to facilitate the preferential uptake by the dendritic cells (DCs) in the lymph nodes after subcutaneous administration. The calcium phosphate core allowed acid-mediated dissolution in the endo-lysosomal compartment, which prompted rapid release of cargoes after cellular internalization of NP. LCP mRNA vaccine encoding TRP2 elicited a robust antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell response and a humoral immune response in a C57BL/6 mouse model of B16F10 melanoma. The immune responses efficaciously inhibited the melanoma growth. Moreover, co-delivery of PD-L1 siRNA and mRNA vaccine resulted in the downregulation of PD-L1 in the DCs that presented tumor antigens, significantly prompting T cell activation and proliferation. The enhanced T cell response had a profound inhibitory effect on tumor growth and metastasis. Generally, the work provided a paradigm for the development of an mRNA vaccine carrier to boost the anticancer immune response.
The House as Casualty

In one minute the entire life of a house is ended. The house as casualty is also mass murder, even if it is empty of its inhabitants. A mass grave of raw materials intended to build a structure with meaning, or a poem with no importance in time of war. The house as casualty is the severance of things from their relationships and from the names of feelings, and from the need of tragedy to direct its eloquence at seeing into the life of the object. In every object there is a being in pain – a memory of fingers, of a smell, an image. And houses are killed just like their inhabitants. And the memory of objects is killed: stone, wood, glass, iron, cement are scattered in broken fragments like living beings. And cotton, silk, linen, papers, books are torn to pieces like proscribed words. Plates, spoons, toys, records, taps, pipes, door handles, fridges, washing machines, flower vases, jars of olives and pickles, tinned food all break just like their owners. Salt, sugar, spices, boxes of matches, pills, contraceptives, antidepressants, strings of garlic, onions, tomatoes, dried okra, rice and lentils are crushed to pieces just like their owners. Rent agreements, marriage documents, birth certificates, water and electricity bills, identity cards, passports, love letters are torn to shreds like their owners’ hearts. Photographs, toothbrushes, combs, cosmetics, shoes, underwear, sheets, towels fly in every direction like family secrets broadcast aloud in the devastation. All these things are a memory of the people who no longer have them and of the objects that no longer have the people—destroyed in a minute. Our things die like us, but they aren’t buried with us.
Potential Surface Properties and Dynamics from Molecular Spectra: A Time-Dependent Picture

In this article, a new point of view on the spectroscopic determination of potential surfaces is presented. The perspective is explicitly time dependent, although the theory given here is intended for interpretation of experiments in the frequency domain. We will travel back and forth between the time and frequency domains via Fourier transforms. Some of the characteristics of potential surfaces which we obtain are static ones, such as slopes and directions of excited (in absorption) or ground (in emission) potential surfaces in the Franck-Condon region. Other characterisitics are dynamic ones, involving certain decay and recurrence events which severely limit the form the potential surfaces may take but do not specify it completely.
Potential roles for transposable elements in creating imprinted expression

Changes in gene expression can have profound effects on phenotype. Nature has provided many complex patterns of gene regulation such as imprinting. Imprinted genes exhibit differences in the expression of the maternal and paternal alleles, even though they reside in the same nucleus with access to the same trans-acting factors. Significant attention has been focused on the potential reasons that imprinted expression could be beneficial and stabilized by selection. However, less attention has focused on understanding how imprinted expression might arise or decay. We discuss the evidence for frequent turnover of imprinted expression based on evolutionary analyses in plants and the potential role for transposable elements (TEs) in creating imprinted expression patterns.
Lumbar Spondylotic and Arthritic Pain

Lumbar spondylosis is a slowly progressive, degenerative condition of the spine that can lead to a wide range of painful symptoms. Aging and trauma are the main risk factors for developing spondylosis, and no associations have been established with other conditions such as lifestyle, height, obesity, physical activity, smoking, and alcohol use. Degenerative changes of the vertebrae and disc lead to periarticular inflammation and cartilaginous erosion causing subsequent lumbar facet joint pathology and pain. Articular thickening and associated ligamentous hypertrophy can cause spinal stenosis or radiculopathy. Radiography is the initial diagnostic imaging of choice, and MRI can be useful for defining abnormalities of the vertebra, discs, posterior elements, nerve roots, and spinal cord. Physical therapy, oral anti-inflammatories, and corticosteroid injections are the mainstays of conservative treatment. Surgery should only be performed in the setting of chronic intractable pain or progressive neurologic deficits.
Augmented longitudinal acoustic trap for scalable microparticle enrichment.

We introduce an acoustic microfluidic device architecture that locally augments the pressure field for separation and enrichment of targeted microparticles in a longitudinal acoustic trap. Pairs of pillar arrays comprise “pseudo walls” that are oriented perpendicular to the inflow direction. Though sample flow is unimpeded, pillar arrays support half-wave resonances that correspond to the array gap width. Positive acoustic contrast particles of supracritical diameter focus to nodal locations of the acoustic field and are held against drag from the bulk fluid motion. Thus, the longitudinal standing bulk acoustic wave (LSBAW) device achieves size-selective and material-specific separation and enrichment of microparticles from a continuous sample flow. A finite element analysis model is used to predict eigenfrequencies of LSBAW architectures with two pillar geometries, slanted and lamellar. Corresponding pressure fields are used to identify longitudinal resonances that are suitable for microparticle enrichment. Optimal operating conditions exhibit maxima in the ratio of acoustic energy density in the LSBAW trap to that in inlet and outlet regions of the microchannel. Model results guide fabrication and experimental evaluation of realized LSBAW assemblies regarding enrichment capability. We demonstrate separation and isolation of 20 μm polystyrene and ∼10 μm antibody-decorated glass beads within both pillar geometries. The results also establish several practical attributes of our approach. The LSBAW device is inherently scalable and enables continuous enrichment at a prescribed location. These features benefit separations applications while also allowing concurrent observation and analysis of trap contents.
A Note on Maximum Entropy

Publisher Summary The maximum entropy method is claimed to be effective in detecting sharp spectral features. It is useful in isolating discrete harmonics in the case of a simple model. Estimation procedure can be straightforwardly applied if one has several (a few) harmonics. This indicates that under some circumstances, the maximum entropy method is effective in determining the location of harmonics.
Thermodynamics of sintering

Abstract: Particles bond together when heated by a sintering process that is a combination of several atomic level events that include diffusion, creep, viscous flow, plastic flow and evaporation. Significant strengthening occurs in powder compacts due to sintering. Sintering consumes surface energy to build bonds between those particles. Small particles have more surface energy and sinter faster than large particles. Since atomic motion increases with temperature, sintering is accelerated by high temperatures. The thermodynamic driving force for sintering then is found in the surface area, interfacial energies and curvature gradients in the particle system. Actual atomic motion is by several transport mechanisms with concomitant microstructure changes.
Expanded newborn screening for inherited metabolic disorders and genetic characteristics in a southern Chinese population

Abstract To evaluate the incidence, disease spectrum, and genetic characteristics of inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs) of newborns in Quanzhou area, China. We analyze the expanded newborn screening results of IMDs detected by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) during 5 years. Suspected positive patients were diagnosed through next-generation sequencing and validated by Sanger sequencing. In addition, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification technology has also been applied to assist in diagnosis of diseases with deletion or duplication mutations. A total of 364,545 newborns were screened, 130 IMDs were identified yielding an incidence of 1:2804. In addition, 9 cases of maternal disorders were also identified by our MS/MS newborn screening program. There were 42 newborns with amino acid disorders (1:8680), 39 with organic acid disorders (1:9347), and 49 with fatty acid oxidation disorders (1:7440). Unlike other studies, our study indicated that fatty acid oxidation disorder has the highest proportion (37.7%), particularly primary carnitine deficiency (PCD) with incidence up to 1:10,126 was the most common disorder in the region. The recurrent mutations of relatively common diseases like PCD, phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, short-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, citrin deficiency, glutaric acidemia type I, isobutyryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency, and multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency in this region were also clearly elucidated. Therefore, our data indicated that IMDs are never uncommon in Quanzhou, the disease spectrum and genetic backgrounds were clearly elucidated, contributing to the treatment and prenatal genetic counseling of these disorders in this region.
Organizational Commitment and Ethical Behavior: An Empirical Study of Information System Professionals

IS professionals have been reported to have one of the highest turnover rates. They have also often been accused of unethical conduct, specifically, pirating software, hacking, giving professional opinion that exceeds their knowledge, and not protecting people's privacy. In a sample of 71 IS professionals and 250 members of other professions we found that IS professionals were more committed to their organizations than the other professionals, and that IS professionals were, indeed, less ethical with respect to software piracy and hacking. However, we found that they were not less ethical regarding professional opinions that exceed one's knowledge and protecting people's privacy.
Complex Simplicity and Hirschsprung's Disease.

Science envy comes in many flavors, and it is particularly easy to envy those who are privileged to discover simple stories. A study by Tilghman et al. on the genetic risk of Hirschsprung’s disease...
Pre-Trial Intervention Among Adult Drug Abusers in the Criminal Justice System

The Salt Lake County Pre-Trial Services Program is an integral part of the Salt Lake County Criminal Justice System. As an agency, it provides secure, rehabilitation-oriented alternatives to incarceration for a variety of defendents awaiting court disposition of their criminal charges. Presently, the program consists of three working components which provide several types of jail release, individual case monitoring, drug, alcohol and mental health treatment referral, and information reporting for the courts. The Salt Lake County TASC project is one of these Pre-Trial Services components, and will be discussed in detail, with the entire program, in this presentation.
Entrepreneurial Marketing: Scale Validation with Small, Independently-Owned Businesses

This study developed and validated an Entrepreneurial Marketing (EM) scale by assessing reliability of the EM scale, and testing convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity. Two samples were used consisting of operators of small, independently-owned retail and service sector businesses. The pilot study sample was drawn from small business operators within one U.S. state, and a national sample of operators was used for cross-validation. For each sample, confirmatory factor analyses, measurement modeling, and structural modeling in Structural Equation Modeling offered support for reliability and construct and nomological validity of the instrument. Implications and future research using the EM measure are discussed.
From the inside looking out: Latinas intersectionality and their engineering departments

STEM disciplines remain highly White and male-dominated, particularly in regards to engineering. The climate, as a result, for women of color in engineering remains to be ‘bitter’ cold due to their...
Improved dental student clinical skills performance through an integrated dental and medical student curriculum.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES In light of a movement to eliminate the historical separation of dentistry and medicine to produce more collaborative and knowledgeable clinicians and to improve care, integrated education models are vital. This study aimed to demonstrate the effectiveness of an integrated medical and dental student curriculum at the University of Connecticut. It was hypothesized that a medical and dental student doctoring course within an already combined biomedical curriculum would result in statistically significantly increases in dental student clinical skills performance. METHODS Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized for an overall test of scores from 2016 to 2019. When ANOVA indicated significant differences, post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey's adjustment classified pairs that differed significantly. Lastly, a contrast was constructed to test the difference before and after the course's introduction. A two-sided α of 0.05 was used. RESULTS Dental students were assessed on three cases for history taking and master interview rating scale (MIRS) criteria. The mean averages in history taking and MIRS criteria after the implementation of this course increased by 7.81 (SE = 1.83, p < 0.0001) and 11.95 (SE = 1.34, p < 0.0001) for a toothache case, 11.37 (SE = 1.98, p < 0.0001) and 9.84 (SE = 1.35, p < 0.0001) for a loose bridge case, and 12.47 (SE = 1.75, p < 0.0001) and 10.07 (SE = 1.28, p < 0.0001) for a sensitive tooth case. CONCLUSION An integrated doctoring course within a combined curriculum at the University of Connecticut Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine resulted in a statistically significant increase in dental student clinical skills assessment scores, demonstrating this model's utility.
Integration as a Process: Applying Iterative Multiple Correspondence Analysis to Surface Dynamic Findings:

A defining characteristic of mixed methods research, integration receives considerable attention in the field, yet evidence suggests that the process of integration may be challenging in practice. ...
Childhood Sexual Abuse and Exposure to Peer Bullying Victimization.

Females exposed to child sexual abuse (CSA) are at an increased risk of experiencing further victimization in adolescence. Associations between CSA and several forms of cyber and in-person peer bul...
Geometric Theory of Stress Fields for Quantum Systems at Finite Temperature

We have recently presented a derivation of the stress field for a non-relativistic interacting quantum system via a Riemannian differential geometric method. The advantage of this approach over other formulations is that it removes several ambiguities associated with defining the stress field. In our previous work, we considered the T = 0 case only. Here we extend our formalism by deriving the stress field for quantum systems described by finite temperature density functional theory (DPT).
Synchronous Measurements in Power Distribution Systems

This chapter deals with power distribution engineering measurements and the processing of those measurements. The concept proposed is the use of synchronized measurements. The synchronization is accomplished through the use of a global positioning satellite signal – thus, time stamping measurements. The synchronized measurements are in phasor detail. The use of these measurements in a state estimator is proposed, described, and illustrated. Possible uses of this technology include: control of distribution system components; fault detection and management; energy management.