cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correction to Atkins et al. (2012): "A tutorial on count regression and zero-altered count models for longitudinal substance use data"

Reports an error in "A tutorial on count regression and zero-altered count models for longitudinal substance use data" by David C. Atkins, Scott A. Baldwin, Cheng Zheng, Robert J. Gallop and Clayton Neighbors (Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 2013[Mar], Vol 27[1], 166-177). The URL for the supplemental material was incorrect throughout the text due to a production error. Supplemental material for this article is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029508.supp. The online version of this article has been corrected. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 2012-22398-001.) Critical research questions in the study of addictive behaviors concern how these behaviors change over time: either as the result of intervention or in naturalistic settings. The combination of count outcomes that are often strongly skewed with many zeroes (e.g., days using, number of total drinks, number of drinking consequences) with repeated assessments (e.g., longitudinal follow-up after intervention or daily diary data) present challenges for data analyses. The current article provides a tutorial on methods for analyzing longitudinal substance use data, focusing on Poisson, zero-inflated, and hurdle mixed models, which are types of hierarchical or multilevel models. Two example datasets are used throughout, focusing on drinking-related consequences following an intervention and daily drinking over the past 30 days, respectively. Both datasets as well as R, SAS, Mplus, Stata, and SPSS code showing how to fit the models are available on a supplemental website. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Treating aggressive periodontitis.

dontitis at initial therapy or re-treatment: a randomized controlled clinical trial. J Clin Periodontol. 2011;38(1):43-49.Background: Previously, we showed that sys-temic metronidazole and amoxicillin significantly improved the outcomes of non-surgical debride-ment in generalized aggressive periodontitis pa-tients. This study aimed to observe whether re-treatment with adjunctive antimicrobials would give the placebo group benefits comparable with the test group.Methods: Thirty-eight of 41 subjects, from the initial 6 month trial, completed the second phase, the re-treatment of sites with remaining pockets of 5 mm. Subjects on placebo in phase 1 received adjunctive antibiotics for 7 days. Clinical param-eters were collected at 2 months post-treatment (8 months from baseline).Results: Patients who received antibiotics at ini-tial therapy showed statistically significant im-provement in pocket depth reduction and in the percentage of sites improving above clinically rel-evant thresholds, compared with patients who re-ceived antibiotics at re-treatment. In deep pock-ets (7 mm), the mean difference was 0.9 mm (p=0.003) and in moderate pockets (4 to 6 mm) it was 0.4 mm (p=0.036). Pockets converting from 5 to 4 mm was 83% compared with 67% (p=0.041), and pockets converting from 4 to 3 mm was 63% compared with 49% (p=0.297).
Preliminary Evidence of Decreased Disease-Specific Health-Related Quality of Life in Asymptomatic Stone Patients

Abstract Introduction: Kidney stone patients have lower health-related quality of life (HRQOL) than nonstone formers. Among active stone patients (those with stones), those with symptoms have lower HRQOL than those without. However, little is known about whether asymptomatic stones affect patients' HRQOL. Methods: A sample of asymptomatic stone formers was assembled by identifying patients who reported no symptoms on the disease-specific Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life (WiSQoL) questionnaire (n = 351). Of these, 107 were identified (M:F 61:46; 53 ± 17 years; BMI 29.5 ± 7.6). Patients were mostly recurrent (78%), and 42% thought they had stones at the time of the WiSQoL questionnaire. Patients' WisQoL responses were compared by self-reported stone status (yes/no), actual stone status (yes/no, corroborated from imaging and medical records), age, gender, and duration of stones. Results: Of patients reporting stones at the time of the questionnaire (42% of sample), 37 (82%) were correct about it. Of patients ...
Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Flow over a Re- Entry Vehicle

The focus of this research project is the flow over an Apollo-shaped crew-exploration vehicle during its re-entry into the Earth’s atmosphere. Using computational fluid dynamic techniques, the flow was analyzed and an advanced post-processing system was utilized to investigate further the physical properties associated with such a phenomena. During the course of the project, it was observed that both the normal and oblique shock waves associated with certain angles-of-attack, how the upstream and downstream properties of such shock waves related, as well as the steady case differed from the unsteady.
Research on Data Governance System of Power Enterprises

With increasing higher demands on intensification, exquisiteness and standardization of power businesses and the supporting capacity of informatization constantly improved, data governance has laid an important foundation for the intensive construction(class-I deployment) of power enterprise information systems, big data application, and intelligence analysis and decision application. At present, data governance of power grid enterprises still lays emphasis on technologies. Though each business line has carried out data governance, it is exposed to various problems, such as the poor driving force, lack of coordination and cooperation between business departments, stress on existing business links during data governance, and lack of the data governance system on deeper enterprise-level. Data governance is required not only by technical governance, but also by the top-down data use of effective management. The data governance system of power enterprises is supposed to be positioned as a key link of the integrated and balanced informatization architecture involved in data, application, technology and organization. In this way, the harmonious development of power enterprise businesses will be furthered.
Rejection of the Common Funnel Theorem

Upon reading this interesting paper I gained the impression that I could agree with Professor Nordhaus on most of the details if only we agreed on the fundamentals.
Functional Microcapsules via Thiol-ene Photopolymerization in Droplet-Based Microfluidics

Thiol–ene chemistry was exploited in droplet-based microfluidics to fabricate advanced microcapsules with tunable encapsulation, degradation, and thermal properties. In addition, by utilizing the thiol–ene photopolymerization with tunable cross-link density, we demonstrate the importance of monomer conversion on the retention of omniphilic cargo in double emulsion templated microcapsules. Furthermore, we highlight the rapid cure kinetics afforded by thiol–ene chemistry in a continuous flow photopatterning device for hemispherical microparticle production.
Неінвазивне пренатальне дослідження: клінічна ефективність та деякі аспекти консультування вагітних. Результати аналізу понад 85 000 випадків

The article contains the results of the research, which set two main goals. The first is the determination of the actual indicators of the effectiveness of noninvasive prenatal studies and the development of counseling tools about the predictability of a positive outcome, taking into account certain clinical indicators and the a priori age risk of the mother. The second is the assessment of changes in the clinical and demographic population after the introduction of testing. Objective : The primary goal of this study was to provide clinically relevant information for appropriate patient counseling. Method : Demographics and test metrics were reviewed for 86 658 clinical cases. Outcome information was requested for samples reported as aneuploidy detected or suspected for chromosomes 21, 18, or 13; voluntary outcome reporting was encouraged for all discordant outcomes. Results : Of 86 658 cases, 85 298 (98.4%) met inclusion criteria for result reporting. Of the 1360 (1.6%) cancellations, only 101 (0.1%) were for technical reasons. Average time to result was 3.3 business days. Aneuploidy was detected or suspected in 2142 (2.5%) samples. For aneuploidy detected cases with known clinical outcomes, the overall positive predictive value was 83.5% (608/728); observed positive predictive values for trisomies 21, 18, and 13 ranged from 50.0 to 92.8%. As individual positive predictive values are determined by a patient’s prior risk, we developed a chart for counseling patients on positive predictive value based on maternal age. Conclusion : This large-scale report reinforces that noninvasive prenatal testing is a highly accurate screen for fetal aneuploidy in the general obstetric population. Test improvements have facilitated a reduction in failure rates, time to result, and borderline results/unclassifiable results. We have developed a positive predictive value counseling tool to ensure appropriate patient education, counseling, and clinical utilization. Funding sources : This study was funded by Illumina. Conflicts of interest : Authors of article are employees of and hold equity in Illumina.
Immunogenomic profiling of non-small cell lung cancer: The ICON project.

e20034Background: Previous attempts to define tumor immune environment in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) did not present comprehensive analyses. We established immunogenomic profiling project o...
Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol Production from Fermentation of Hot-Water-Extracted Hemicellulose Hydrolysate of Pulping Woods

In the kraft pulping process, the hemicellulose portion of wood is usually discharged as a waste stream into the black liquor, representing a highly underutilized sugar source. In this study, the hemicellulose prehydrolysate is investigated as a liquid sugar source for production of acetone, butanol, and ethanol by ABE fermentation. For this purpose, hot-water treatment is applied to poplar (hardwood) and southern pine (softwood) for hemicellulose extraction. The acquired hemicellulose prehydrolysate was analyzed to contain, in addition to the carbohydrates in the form of oligosaccharides, various degradation compounds. The toxicity test with model compounds indicates phenolic compounds exert tremendous inhibition on the cell growth. Therefore, detoxification is required prior to fermentation. Adsorption with activated carbon is an effective detoxification method greatly reducing the phenolic content and alleviating the phenol-induced inhibition. Upon detoxification, simultaneous saccharification and ferm...
Usability Evaluation of an EHR's Clinical Notes Interface from the Perspective of Attending and Resident Physicians: An Exploratory Study.

Usability gaps between current and future improved Electronic Health Record (EHR) system designs exist due to insufficient incorporation of User-Centered Design (UCD) principles during System Development Life Cycle (SDLC). Usability of a commercial, inpatient EHR clinical notes documentation interface was analyzed from standpoints of two provider groups employing two standardized patient cases. Both objective and subjective data were collected from attending (n = 6) and resident physicians (n = 8) through usability testing employing a mixed method approach. The study results suggested that (i) EHR usability and desirability is influenced by user characteristics, (ii) workloads associated with H&P and progress notes writing are perceived differently between two groups, (iii) repeated task performance improves user efficiency and (iv) user performance is correlated to their subjective system assessments. Understanding usability of clinical documentation interface from perspectives of two different user groups, provides interface designers with an opportunity to develop an EHR system centered on UCD principles.
Progression Patterns in the Remnant Pancreas after Resection of Non-Invasive or Micro-Invasive Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms (IPMN).

Although IPMN are thought to represent a whole-gland disease, segmental resection remains the most frequently performed treatment. We sought to determine the rates, patterns, and predictors of IPMN progression in the pancreatic remnant following segmental resection of noninvasive or microinvasive IPMN. A prospectively maintained database was queried to identify all patients who underwent resection of noninvasive or microinvasive IPMN (≤ 10 mm of invasive component) between 1989 and 2015. Progression (recurrence) was defined as either the development of cancer, a new IPMN cystic lesion > 1 cm or ≥ 50% increase in the diameter of residual IPMN lesions in the remnant. Univariate and multivariate cox regression models were created to determine predictors of progression. A total of 319 patients underwent resection for noninvasive and microinvasive IPMN. The median age was 68, 53% had branch-duct (BD) IPMN, and 6% had microinvasive disease. After a median follow-up of 42 months, 71 patients (22%) experienced IPMN progression. Within this group of 71 patients, 11 (16% of recurrence) developed invasive cancer in the pancreatic remnant after a median of 28 months. Twelve patients (17%) experienced progression > 5 years following initial resection. On multivariate analysis, a distal location of the initial lesion was associated with an increased risk of progression (multivariate hazards ratio = 2.43, confidence interval 1.47–4.0, p < 0.001). In this study, 22% of patients had disease progression following resection of noninvasive or microinvasive IPMN; 16% of these progressions represented invasive disease. These patients represent a high-risk group and should undergo long-term radiographic surveillance.
Source-separated audio input for accelerating convolutional neural networks

Convolutional neural networks have recently been found useful in music information retrieval tasks such as genre classification, music recommendation, and instrument detection. In these deep neural network applications, music data is often converted into a spectrogram and treated as a single-channel image input. In this work we enrich the semantic musical understanding of the network by using source separation to separate the single channel into multiple, meaningful channels. As a result, we improve accuracy and accelerate training. We evaluate this method in a genre classification task with a variety of CNN architectures. Compared to single-channel inputs, we achieve an average of a 2.7% increase in accuracy across all trained models using a 3-channel source-separated model and a 2.2% increase using a 4-channel model. This is due to quicker convergence of the loss function.
Alternatives to GBM Prices

The developments of the previous chapters have built a financial edifice upon the normal distribution, the Gaussian, primarily through the Wiener process. But there is much evidence that the world is not Gaussian, that Gaussian is only an approximation to reality. Some evidence that it is not is seen in Fig. 6.1. These depictions should be compared with Fig. 1.1 on page 2. The earlier graph portrays a stock’s price through time as being continuous.
Purposes and Plans

Estrades, the soldier-diplomat, returned to France to resume the simpler duties of mere soldiering, as governor of the fortress of Dunkirk.1 Already selected to replace him was the administrator-diplomat, Arnauld de Pomponne. Pomponne’s letter of recall reached him at Stockholm in mid-July. He boarded ship for Hamburg in August, but it was late September before a tedious journey brought him to Saint-Germain.2
Recent Advances in EPA’s Monitoring and Methods Development Research

Several areas of advanced research related to sampling, analysis, and human exposure assessment of exhaust emissions in ambient air have been developed. These include studies of new methods for volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the development and application of personal exposure monitors (PEMs) in screening for polynuclear aromatics (PNAs) and carbon monoxide (CO). These new methods for screening PNAs are fast, economical, and accurate. The more expensive and time consuming traditional methods of analysis may be judiciously applied to those samples which the screening methods indicate are high in PNAs. Carbon monoxide, an emission product directly related to automotive emissions, is being monitored using personal exposure monitors in urban scale studies to obtain data on population exposures on a real time basis. Such data may ultimately be used in assessing more accurately human exposure to mobile source and other emissions.
I Sense a Disturbance in the Force: Unobtrusive Detection of Interactions with RFID-tagged Objects

A novel method to infer interactions with passive RFID tagged objects is described. The method allows unobtrusive detection of human interactions with RFID tagged objects without requiring any modifications to existing communications protocols or RFID hardware. The object motion detection algorithm was integrated into a RFID monitoring system and tested in laboratory and home environments. The paper catalogs the experimental results obtained, provides plausible models and explanations and highlights the promises and future challenges for the role of RFID in ubicomp applications.
Application of polymer nanocomposites in the flame retardancy study

Abstract Application of polymer products is almost universal; however, the flammability of these hydrocarbon-based materials needs attention. Flame retardant additives have been studied for reducing the flame spread in a fire involving polymers. Polymer nanocomposites is a relatively new class of flame retardant material that has shown improved thermal stability and flammability properties and therefore, have received attention from the scientific community. This paper provides an overview of different types of flame retardant additives and their mechanisms, especially polymer nanocomposites. The synthesis and characterization techniques for analyzing the morphology, thermal and flammability properties of polymer nanocomposites have also been discussed. The overall objective is to provide a summary of the application of polymer nanocomposites in the field of flame retardancy and associated techniques to study these materials.
Review of the operational IPM program for the southern pine beetle.

The operational Integrated Pest Management program for the southern pine beetle (SPB), Dendroctonus frontalis, currently consists of five components: prevention, prediction, detection, evaluation, and direct control. Full implementation of the program is hampered by economic, regulatory, and management constraints, and devastating SPB outbreaks still occur periodically. Recommendations for improving implementation include gaining public acceptance of the program, devising new management strategies, developing area-wide suppression techniques, coordinating efforts among landowners and government agencies, and revising the environmental analysis process. Severe outbreaks will continue without the creation of less susceptible forest conditions and more stable timber markets, plus the development of improved prediction, detection, communication, and suppression practices.
Right now, in the right way: U. S. Food and Drug Administration's expanded access program and patient rights.

Based on approval data, the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) program that allows for early access to drugs and medical devices before marketing approval, is a very effective means for seriously ill individuals to be treated with investigational agents. Currently the FDA receives, reviews, and approves >99% of over 1000 requests each year [1]. This program is called “expanded access” (EA), also referred to as “compassionate use” [2, 3]. In addition, recent changes in the FDA EA process have streamlined the application to further decrease the timeline and surmount procedural barriers [3]. For individual patient access, a 2-page form is submitted and reviewed within days. If the request represents an emergency, this can be done over the phone (often within hours of the request). The EA approval rate and abbreviated application process suggest that the FDA is not an impediment to patients gaining access to experimental therapeutics. Nonetheless, a United States federal Right-to-Try (RtT) law was passed and signed by President Trump [4, 5]. This legislation, first at the state and now at the federal level, evolved from the efforts of the libertarian Goldwater Institute to make experimental drugs available to patients who seek them by removing oversight of the FDA and local Institutional Review Boards (IRB; ethics committees) [6]. Parties that support the RtT legislation identify the FDA as the primary obstacle to accessing experimental therapies. What seems to have been lost in the public discussions is a clear presentation of the critical benefits and protections afforded the patient by the current EA system that are missing in RtT (Table 1). Lawmakers and RtT advocates do not appear to understand or acknowledge the inherent risk in experimental therapies, which may have been tested in as few as a dozen patients in a phase 1 trial. Rather than serving as an impediment, the FDA serves as a safeguard for patients facing desperate, complex situations. While much of the current literature focuses on the redundancy and ethical arguments about the legislation [7–10], there are pragmatic and unacknowledged issues surrounding patient rights that are maintained by EA. Importantly, there is a real value to patients that the FDA, as well as other partners in the current EA system, bring to the process. The RtT law, as written, does not preclude the use of the existing EA process. We believe that is very important to make providers aware of EA and that it offers the best option for patients. The FDA, IRBs, and research institutions play critical roles in the EA process by providing patients with the safest possible access to investigational agents. Table 1 Comparison of patient rights under US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) expanded access program and Right-to-Try law
Characteristic parameters of geigermüller counter gases

The Wilkinson and the Diethorn-Kohman expressions of counter operation are reviewed. In equating these two expressions, the gas amplification factor is taken to be 107 at the starting potential for Geiger operation of the counter. Although the use of this numerical value has not yet been completely verified, the use of a constant is established from the results obtained for the five different ethanol-argon mixtures examined in this work. The variation of the characteristic parameters with gas composition is shown to be in general accord with the theory being formulated.
Dispersal Pattern of Injectate After Cervical Epidural Steroid Injection Evaluated With Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Study Design:Prospective, nonrandomized, clinical study.Objective:Epidural steroid injections (ESIs) are an important diagnostic and treatment modality for spine pathology. The success of these inj...
Feminism without Gender: Piers Plowman, “Mede the Mayde,” and Late Medieval Literary Studies

This article argues that an emphasis on gender has dampened the insights and energies of feminism in analyses of William Langland’s Piers Plowman. Inquiries into gender as a social construction of ...
A 16,000-yr-long sedimentary sequence from Lakes Peters and Schrader (Neruokpuk Lakes), northeastern Brooks Range, Alaska

Sediments that accumulate in high-latitude lakes serve as valuable environmental archives of changing conditions in a region currently undergoing rapid change. A previously unexplored sedimentary sequence reaching back 16,000 years from Lakes Peters and Schrader (Neruokpuk Lakes) in the northeastern Brooks Range (69°N), Alaska, shows distinct changes in accumulation rates and biophysical properties including bulk density (BD), organic matter (OM) content, and grain-size distribution at five widely distributed core sites. The oldest sediments contain little OM and accumulated rapidly as glaciers retreated around 15 ka. OM peaked between 12 and 10 ka along with Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. BD increased and OM decreased until around 5 ka, possibly reflecting a decrease in river-transported terrestrial OM. From 5–2 ka, OM consistently increased, suggesting a rise in river discharge, or a rise in summer temperatures, which led to higher productivity, or both. After 2 ka, sediments increased in BD and decreased in OM, suggesting glacier growth. Evidence for glacier expansion late during the Little Ice Age is weak, but increased sedimentation rates may reflect glacier retreat during the last century. This study provides a framework for future paleoenvironmental research of a rare archive in a relatively pristine Arctic setting.
A Change of Heart.

CITATIONPalen BN, He K, Redinger J, Parsons EC. A change of heart. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(10):1543–1545.
The relationship between X-ray and optical absorbers in active galactic nuclei

We present a large compilation of reddening estimates from broad-line Balmer decrements for active galactic nuclei (AGNs) with measured X-ray column densities. The median reddening is E(B-V) ~ 0.77 +/- 0.10 for type-1 to type-1.9 AGNs with reported column densities. This is notably higher than the median reddening of AGNs from the SDSS. We attribute this to the selection bias of the SDSS towards blue AGNs. For other AGNs we find evidence of a publication bias against reporting low column densities. We find a significant correlation between N_H and E(B-V) but with a large scatter of +/- 1 dex (without accounting for uncertainties in measurements). On average the X-ray columns are consistent with those predicted from E(B-V) for a solar neighbourhood dust-to-gas ratio. We argue that the large scatter of column densities and reddenings can be explained by X-ray column-density variability. For AGNs with detectable broad-line regions (BLRs) that have undergone significant changes of Seyfert type (changing-look AGNs) we do not find any statistically significant differences in N_H or E(B-V) compared to standard type-1 to type-1.9 AGNs. There is no evidence for any type-1 AGNs being Compton-thick. We also analyze type-2 AGNs and find no significant correlation between N_H and narrow-line region reddening. The median column density of LINERs is 22.68 +/- 0.75 compared to a column density of 22.90 +/- 0.28 for type-2s. We find the majority of low column density type-2s are LINERs, but N_H is probably underestimated because of scattered X-ray light diluting the photoelectric edge.
Choosing the appropriate left ventricular assist device for your patient

The increasing incidence of advanced heart failure and severe donor organ shortage for cardiac transplant has led to the development of implantable left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) for long-term mechanical circulatory support. There has been tremendous improvement in the device technology of LVADs, and there are a number of devices in use throughout the world. This article reviews the evidence behind each device and their unique features that can help when choosing a durable LVAD for an individual patient.
Rubberbanding in a liminal space: teachers contemplate intersections of dis/ability and race in inclusive classrooms

Public education in the United States has consistently and persistently failed significant numbers of students of color labeled with dis/abilities in terms of providing a quality education that lea...
Primary Renal Mesenchymal Neoplasms in Nephrectomy Specimens: A 16-Year Survey of Primary and Incidental Cases From a Single Institution:

Context. Primary renal mesenchymal neoplasms are rare but diverse. Several neoplasms of mesenchymal derivation can arise as a primary renal mass; however, incidental tumors are identified in nephrectomies performed for end-stage renal disease or other malignant epithelial renal neoplasms. In this article, we document their frequencies with demographic information in nephrectomy specimens. Design. We retrospectively searched our database for nephrectomy specimens from the year 2000 to 2016. Results. A total of 224 cases were identified with an incidence rate of 4.4% (224/5128). One hundred ninety (85%) neoplasms were benign, 27 (12%) were malignant, and 7 (3%) were of intermediate biologic behavior. The majority of cases occurred in adults (93%, 208/224), and 39% of cases represented an incidental finding. The most common neoplasms were angiomyolipoma (58%) and renomedullary interstitial cell tumor (17%). Malignant mesenchymal kidney tumors are rare (0.39% of nephrectomy specimens). The most common adults' malignant tumors in our survey were synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma. Conclusion. Primary renal mesenchymal tumors are rare and are mostly benign in nature with many incidentally identified lesions. They arise in different age groups with malignant lesions usually presenting at a younger mean age.
Cost-Guided Cardinality Estimation: Focus Where it Matters

The increasing prevalence of machine learning techniques has resulted in many works attempting to replace cardinality estimation, a core component of relational query optimizers, with learned models. The majority of those works have trained models to minimize the prediction error between the model’s output for a particular query and the true cardinality of that query. However, when cardinality estimators are used for query optimization, not all cardinality estimates are equally important. We present cost-guided cardinality estimation, a technique to train learned cardinality estimators that penalizes models for errors that lead to sub-optimal query plans, and rewards models for estimates that lead to high-quality query plans, regardless of the accuracy of those estimates. In a preliminary experimental study, we show that our technique can reduce average query runtime by 1.7-2×. Surprisingly, models trained with our approach achieve this increase in query performance while having higher prediction error than models trained without our approach, suggesting that prediction error for cardinalities is not necessarily the correct metric to optimize.
Composite thrips, microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford, 1910) (Insecta: Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

Microcephalothrips abdominalis (Crawford 1910) (Figure 1) belongs to the order Thysanoptera and the family Thripidae with members commonly known as thrips. Thrips are small, slender-bodied insects with fringed wings, inhabiting diverse ecological niches. Thrips are often cryptic in nature. Microcephalothrips abdominalis prefers to feed on plants in the composite family and therefore is commonly known as composite thrips. Flowers of this family are generally composed of a disk with a ray of petals extending at the rim of the disk. Some flower heads are composed only of a disk or a ray and could be in clusters in some species. This document describes its distribution, life cycle and biology, hosts, economic importance, and management. Also available on the Featured Creatures website at http://entomology.ifas.ufl.edu/creatures. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in1232
Food Safety Law in the United States: Risk Management in the Organic Food Supply Chain

Organic food products both processed and unprocessed are not immune from system-wide food safety concerns. In the United States, consumer demand and concern over litigation exposure from companies led to the passage of the Food Safety Modernization Act in 2011. This chapter highlights the development and implementation of this law which applies both to organic and conventional products in the United States’ food supply chain. This chapter also offers a brief commentary on challenges to implementation of organic food safety standards.
Understanding the Opportunities and Challenges of Introducing Computational Crafts to Alternative High School Students

In recent years, the integration of computation with crafting has garnered increased attention. Partly spurred by the growth of the “maker movement” and also by recognition of the importance of broadening computational interest and proficiency, computational crafts have become more familiar to educational technologists and designers. For example, computation has been combined with textile design in summer camps for young people (Buechley, Eisenberg, Catchen, & Crockett, 2008) and integrated into media as pervasive as paper (Eisenberg, Elumeze, MacFerrin, & Buechley, 2009). Additionally, maker spaces are being established in major metropolitan areas, Maker Faires are becoming increasingly ubiquitous (Dougherty, 2012), university courses in computation and crafting are being established (Lee & Fields, 2013), and museums are beginning to bring computational crafting into their repertoires (Brahms & Werner, 2013).
Symptomatic Persistent Fetal Ovarian Cysts.

ABSTRACT Vomiting in young infants is a common presentation to the pediatric emergency department with a broad differential diagnosis. We present 2 cases seen in our emergency department of infant females with symptomatic complex ovarian cysts who presented with vomiting. The first case study describes a patient with a prenatally diagnosed ovarian cyst that was being followed with serial ultrasounds by general surgery. The second case study describes a patient with reportedly normal prenatal ultrasounds with a subsequent diagnosis of a large complex ovarian cyst. These cases were selected to review pertinent imaging findings, discuss management decisions, and expand the differential of vomiting in the young female infants.
Exploring the Phenomenon of Rural School Counselors’ Professional Identity Construction:

This phenomenological study explored the impact of the rural context on the experiences of rural school counselors related to their professional identity construction. The author interviewed six pa...
Foreword: Addressing the Criminalization of Poverty and Marginalization

Across the globe and throughout the United States, governments use petty offenses, such as loitering laws, to exert social control over marginalized communities. Petty offenses enable the policing of public spaces to reinforce social hierarchies and rigid gender norms. People experiencing homelessness regularly face the threat of criminal sanctions for fulfilling basic needs, and fines and fees in the justice system trap the poor in a cycle of poverty and incarceration. In September 2019, the Human Rights Clinic at the University of Miami School of Law hosted a symposium on challenging petty offenses that criminalize poverty, marginalization, and gender nonconformity, in collaboration with the University of Miami Law Review, University of Miami Race & Social Justice Law Review, University of Miami School of Communication, National Law Center on Homelessness & Poverty, and the Open Society Foundations’s Human Rights Initiative. The symposium provided an opportunity to connect local, national, and global conversations on criminal law and social justice and to promote learning across movements and countries, bringing together leading advocates and scholars from the United States, Uganda, Sierra Leone, Nigeria, Malawi, Madagascar, Kenya, Jamaica, Israel, India, Hungary, Guyana, Guinea, and Ghana. Participants critically examined issues from a variety of perspectives and explored the use of litigation; human rights advocacy at the local, national, regional, and international levels; and creative campaigning in challenging petty offenses.
Love’s Ethnographic Record: Beyond the Love/Arranged Marriage Dichotomy and Other False Essentialisms

Social scientists long ignored love as a topic for empirical research, presuming love to be a European contribution to world culture. Therefore, some researchers were surprised of and resistant to mounting evidence that most societies had a long history concerning love. However, across peoples and histories, love has carried different meanings and been put to different ends. We provide an in-depth review of current ethnographic research on love in the context of romantic relationships. We find that the ethnographic literature on romantic love challenges essentialisms within western love ideals, including: the division of love and arranged marriage, love’s association with sexual exclusivity, the separation of love and material and sexual interest, and the belief that romantic love is a product of modernity. We conclude the chapter by identifying questions the growing ethnographic literature on love have left unanswered and point to the areas where further investigation is most needed.
NKD2 mediates stimulation-dependent ORAI1 trafficking to augment Ca2+ entry in T cells

Sustained activation of the Ca2+-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel is pivotal for effector T cell responses. The mechanisms underlying this sustainability remain poorly understood. We find that plasma membrane localization of ORAI1, the pore subunit of CRAC channels, is limited in effector T cells, with a significant fraction trapped in intracellular vesicles. From a targeted screen, we identify an essential component of ORAI1+ vesicles, naked cuticle homolog 2 (NKD2). Mechanistically, NKD2, an adaptor molecule activated by signaling pathways downstream of T cell receptors, orchestrates trafficking and insertion of ORAI1+ vesicles to the plasma membrane. Together, our findings suggest that T cell receptor (TCR)-stimulation-dependent insertion of ORAI1 into the plasma membrane is essential for sustained Ca2+ signaling and cytokine production in T cells.
Reference-guided metagenomics reveals genome-level evidence of potential microbial transmission from the ISS environment to an astronaut's microbiome.

Summary Monitoring microbial communities aboard the International Space Station (ISS) is essential to maintaining astronaut health and the integrity of life-support systems. Using assembled genomes of ISS-derived microbial isolates as references, recruiting metagenomic reads from an astronaut's nasal microbiome revealed no recruitment to a Staphylococcus aureus isolate from samples before launch, yet systematic recruitment across the genome when sampled after 3 months aboard the ISS, with a median percent identity of 100%. This suggests that either a highly similar S. aureus population colonized the astronaut's nasal microbiome while the astronaut was aboard the ISS or that it may have been below detection before spaceflight, instead supporting a shift in community composition. This work highlights the value in generating genomic libraries of microbes from built-environments such as the ISS and demonstrates one way such data can be integrated with metagenomics to facilitate the tracking and monitoring of astronaut microbiomes and health.
Mathematical Model Developments

To integrate control theory in engineering practice, a bridge between real-world systems and abstract mathematical systems theory must be built. For example, applying the control theory to analyze and regulate in the desired manner the energy or information flows, the designer is confronted with the need to find adequate mathematical models of the phenomena and design controllers. Mathematical models can be found using basic physical laws. In particular, in electrical, mechanical, fluid, or thermal systems, the mechanism of storing, dissipating, transforming, and transferring energies are analyzed. We will use the Lagrange equations of motion, as well as the Kirchhoff and Newton laws to illustrate the model developments. The real-world systems integrate many components and subsystems. One can reduce interconnected systems to simple, idealized subsystems (components). However, this idealization, in most cases, is unpractical. For example, one cannot study electric motors without studying devices to be actuated, and to control electric motors, power amplifiers must be integrated as well. That is, electromechanical systems integrate mechanical systems, electromechanical motion devices (actuators and sensors), and power converters. Analyzing power converters, the designer studies switching devices (transistors or thyristors), drivers, circuits, filters, and so forth. The primary objective of this chapter is to illustrate how one can develop mathematical models of dynamic systems using basic principles and laws. Through illustrative examples, differential equations will be found to model dynamic systems. A functional block diagram of the controlled (closed-loop) dynamic systems is illustrated in Figure 2.1.1.
Macular Pigment and Lutein Supplementation in Retinitis Pigmentosa and Usher Syndrome

PURPOSE. To determine macular pigment (MP) in patients with inherited retinal degeneration and the response of MP and vision to supplementation of lutein. METHODS. Patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) or Usher syndrome and normal subjects had MP optical density profiles measured with heterochromatic flicker photometry. Serum carotenoids, visual acuity, foveal sensitivity, and retinal thickness (by optical coherence tomography [OCT]) were quantified. The effects on MP and central vision of 6 months of lutein supplementation at 20 mg/d were determined. RESULTS. MP density in the patients as a group did not differ from normal. Among patients with lower MP, there was a higher percentage of females, smokers, and light-colored irides. Disease expression tended to be more severe in patients with lower MP. Inner retinal thickness by OCT correlated positively with MP density in the patients. After supplementation, all participants showed an increase in serum lutein. Only approximately half the patients showed a statistically significant increase in MP. Retinal nonresponders had slightly greater disease severity but were otherwise not distinguishable from responders. Central vision was unchanged after supplementation. CONCLUSIONS. Factors previously associated with lower or higher MP density in normal subjects showed similar associations in RP and Usher syndrome. In addition, MP in patients may be affected by stage of retinal disease, especially that leading to abnormal foveal architecture. MP could be augmented by supplemental lutein in many but not all patients. There was no change in central vision after 6 months of lutein supplementation, but long-term influences on the natural history of these retinal degenerations require further study. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2001;42:1873‐1881)
Research on Library Services for Distance Learning: An International Perspective.

This paper examines the research that has been conducted to date on the topic of library support for distance learning programs and identifies some priorities for future research. The two main types of studies prevalent in the literature on this topic are surveys of libraries and user studies. Research findings from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada provide a perspective on the knowledge base in this area and enable some generalizations to be made about service provision and user needs. The results of a recent survey of librarians indicate that the number one research priority in distance learning library services is collaboration with faculty to integrate library and electronic resources into Web-based distance learning courses.
The Mystery Known as Depression

This opinion article presents the result of years of observation of depressive patients. It is a report on their treatment while undergoing a feeling therapy that deals with reliving past imprinted trauma in context of new research in neurology and biology. The underlying premise is that early traumatic events, including the time in the womb and at birth, leave an imprint aided by epigenetic methylation that endures and comes to dominate our lives. It later accounts for serious ailments and the imprint plays a role in our behavior, interests and attitudes. Through a feeling psychotherapy that allows patients to relive their traumatic history might be possible to found a way to make profound changes in depression.
Decolonizing Liberation: Toward a Transnational Feminist Psychology

This paper engages the theme of “decolonizing psychological science” in the context of a perspective on psychological theory and research—namely, feminist psychology—that shares an emphasis on broad liberation. Although conceived as a universal theory and practice of liberation, scholars across diverse sites have suggested that feminism—perhaps especially as it manifests in psychological science—is not always compatible with and at times is even contradictory to global struggles for decolonization. The liberatory impulse of feminist psychology falls short of its potential not only because of its grounding in neocolonial legacies of hegemonic feminisms, but also because of its complicity with neocolonial tendencies of hegemonic psychological science. In response to these concerns, we draw upon on perspectives of transnational feminisms and cultural psychology as tools to decolonize (feminist) psychology. We then propose the possibility of a (transnational) feminist psychology that takes the epistemological position of people in various marginalized majority-world settings as a resource to rethink conventional scientific wisdom and liberate “liberation”. Rather than freeing some women to better participate in global domination, a transnational feminist psychology illuminates sustainable ways of being that are consistent with broader liberation of humanity in general.
Isomerization of isotopically-labeled benzene13 during free jet expansion

Abstract Isotopically-labeled benzene13 clusters, (C6H6)(C6D6)12, were generated by supersonic expansion and studied as a function of nozzle-to-laser distance by resonance-enhanced two-photon ionization (R2PI) spectroscopy through the C6H6 B2u←A1g(601) transition. Because of the spectrum's simplicity, it serves as a sensitive monitor of the environment and dynamics of the C6H6 chromophore. We report for the first time evidence for isomerization within this cluster, where the C6H6 moiety migrates from the surface of a rigid cluster to the cluster's interior.
Foveal versus full-field visual stabilization strategies for translational and rotational head movements.

Because we view the world from a constantly shifting platform when our head and body move in space, vestibular and visuomotor reflexes are critical to maintain visual acuity. In contrast to the phylogenetically old rotational vestibulo-ocular reflex (RVOR), it has been proposed that the translational vestibulo-ocular reflex (TVOR) represents a newly developed vestibular-driven mechanism that is important for foveal vision and stereopsis. To investigate the hypothesis that the function of the TVOR is indeed related to foveal (as opposed to full-field) image stabilization, we compared the three-dimensional ocular kinematics during lateral translation and rotational movements with those during pursuit of a small moving target in four rhesus monkeys. Specifically, we tested whether TVOR rotation axes tilt with eye position as in visually driven systems such as pursuit, or whether they stay relatively fixed in the head as in the RVOR. We found a significant dependence of three-dimensional eye velocity on eye position that was independent of viewing distance and viewing conditions (full-field, single target, or complete darkness). The slopes for this eye-position dependence averaged 0.7 ± 0.07 for the TVOR, compared with 0.6 ± 0.07 for visually guided pursuit eye movements and 0.18 ± 0.09 for the RVOR. Because the torsional tilt versus vertical gaze slopes during translation were slightly higher than those during pursuit, three-dimensional eye movements during translation could partly reflect a compromise between the two different solutions for foveal gaze control, that of Listing9s law and minimum velocity strategies. These results with respect to three-dimensional kinematics provide additional support for a functional difference in the two vestibular-driven mechanisms for visual stability during rotations and translations and establish clearly the functional goal of the TVOR as that for foveal visual acuity.