cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Crystal chemistry of iron in two styles of metasomatism in the upper mantle

Redox characteristics and crystal chemical changes caused by Fe-Ti metasomatism are evident in an anhydrous composite nodule from Kilboume Hole, New Mexico. Data collected using electron microprobe and Mossbauer spectroscopy show that olivines have no evidence of Fe-oxidation from metasomatism, although changes in Fe2+↔ Mg2+ exchange and Fe2+ ordering are observed in the peridotite with distance from the dike contact. Orthopyroxenes exhibit constant Fe3+/σFe ratios at all distances from the dike, although the proportion of Fe2+ in sites with trivalent neighbors and total Fe decrease with increasing distance from the contact. Iron valence and occupancy remain fairly constant for clinopyroxene, in which the dominant metasomatic change is a Tschermak substitution of Al for Si and Mg. Spinel displays constant values of Fe3+/σFe and total iron, but grains near the dike contact have high Mg and Al contents. These results contrast with analogous studies of composite xenoliths which show evidence of hydrous metasomatism. The data suggest that hydrous modal metasomatism may be related to conditions of higher ƒo2 than may be produced by melts that do not form new minerals.
Lysine as amine donor in fibrin crosslinking

The finding thata-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-L-lysine methylester was a good inhibitor of fibrin1 crosslinking (Lorand, 1965) raised the possibility that s-amino functions of lysine rather than a-amines of glycine, as previously proposed (Lorand et al., 1962) of the protein could be involved in the crosslinking reaction. We have gathered several lines of evidence to show the participation of lysine side chains. Inhibitors of fibrin crosslinking, possessing a 5 aminopentyl group. While a-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-L-lysine methylester was highly potent, s-(N-p-toluenesulfonyl)-L-lysine methylester caused no inhibition. This indicates that the amine in the 6 position is of critical significance. Nevertheless, drawing conclusions from lysine ester derivatives could still be ambiguous because of the possibility that the ester function, rather than the amine, might have interfered with crosslinking. To obviate this difficulty, N-(5-aminopentyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide ("tosylcadaverine") and N-(5-aminopentyl)-5-dimethylamino-lnaphthalenesulfona&ide("dansylcadaverine") were synthesized. AS seen in Fig. 1, both of these are better inhibitors than
Culture Is Not an Environment of the Mind

(1999). Culture Is Not an Environment of the Mind. Journal of the Learning Sciences: Vol. 8, No. 1, pp. 157-169.
Effects of intracoronary administration of contrast materials on left ventricular function in the presence of severe coronary artery stenosis.

The effects of intracoronary administration of contrast materials on regional and global left ventricular (LV) function were assessed in anesthetized dogs with segmental myocardial ischemia produced by critical stenosis of the circumflex coronary artery. Effects caused by sodium meglumine diatrizoate (R76), sodium meglumine calcium metrizoate (ISO), and metrizamide were evaluated. In the nonischemic state R76 produced an early (0–10 seconds) decrease in LV contractility followed by a late (10–20 seconds) positive inotropic effect. In the presence of regional ischemia there was prolongation of the negative inotropic effect. ISO produced only positive inotropic effects without significant differences between responses in the nonischemic and ischemic states. Metrizamide produced almost no alterations in LV function.
Effect of Zinc and Aluminum Ions in Breadmaking

ABSTRACT Zinc and aluminum ions as chloride or sulfate salts at 50–500 ppm metal ion (flour basis) had no detrimental effect on fermentation of yeastleavened dough. Increased mixing times (≈10–50%) due to addition of aqueous solutions of zinc (250–500 ppm) or aluminum (150–250 ppm) ions to a bread formula was overcome by withholding salt until the final mixing stage. Breads made from commercial flours (12.5% protein) containing zinc (250–500 ppm) or aluminum (150–250 ppm) ions and no oxidant had improved loaf volume and crumb grain when compared with control bread, and no off-taste. Additionally, breads with added zinc or aluminum had better crumb grains and slower firming rates when compared with breads containing optimum l-ascorbic acid (50 ppm) or potassium bromate (20 ppm). Breads made from commercial flours (11.1% protein) and three laboratory flours (11.4–13.6% protein) containing zinc (250 ppm) or aluminum (150 ppm) ions also had improved loaf volumes and crumb grains. Zinc or aluminum ions in comb...
Cultural Changes and the Drug Scene

An anthropological perspective on the American society and the contemporary drug scene, reveals shifts in value orientation, in social structure, and in activity. In this view, the drug scene appears to be in the vanguard of social change.
The potential therapeutic role of statins in central nervous system autoimmune disorders

3-Hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, ‘statins’ are widely used oral cholesterol-lowering drugs. Statins competitively inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the enzyme that catalyzes conversion of HMG-CoA to L-mevalonate, a key intermediate in cholesterol synthesis. Certain metabolites of mevalonate are also involved in posttranslational modification of specific proteins involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, statins have important biologic effects that may be independent of their cholesterol-reducing properties. Recent studies indicate that statins have antiinflammatory and neuroprotective properties which may be beneficial in the treatment of multiple sclerosis as well as other central nervous system (CNS) neurodegenerative diseases. This article will outline current experimental evidence that may suggest potential clinical benefits for patients with CNS autoimmune disorders. Ultimately, clinical trials will have to determine the safety and efficacy of statins in this patient population.
A practical solution to the critical problem of 193 nm reticle haze

The authors have developed and successfully implemented a practical, yet effective solution to help eliminate haze formation in the production fab. Based on a novel mechanism of haze formation described earlier, along with a thorough understanding of the reticle surface chemistry changes during the manufacturing process, the authors found an unexpectedly simple and straightforward way to prevent haze formation. This is possible regardless of the origin of the reticle, by controlling the purity of the immediate reticle environment.
Open Gromov–Witten theory on symplectic manifolds and symplectic cutting

Abstract Let ( X , ω ) be a symplectic manifold and L be a Lagrangian submanifold diffeomorphic to S n , R P n , or a Lens space of a certain type. Using the symplectic cut and symplectic sum constructions, we express the open Gromov–Witten invariants of ( X , L ) in terms of open Gromov–Witten invariants of a pair ( X − , L ) determined by L and the standard Gromov–Witten invariants of a symplectic manifold X + determined by ( X , L ) . We also describe other applications of this approach.
Output feedback controllers of suboptimality degree beta

A misconception in a recent paper by D.Z. Zheng (1989) about suboptimal feedback control is highlighted. A novel synthesis method for designing output feedback controllers of suboptimality degree beta is developed. These controllers yield a cost value equal to or less than a scalar multiple ( beta ) times the cost value obtained by optimal linear quadratic state feedback control. The output feedback control gains are explicit in terms of the standard Riccati equation when certain conditions are satisfied. >
Conjugal transfer of cosmid DNA from Escherichia coli to Saccharopolyspora spinosa: effects of chromosomal insertions on macrolide A83543 production

Cosmid pOJ436, containing large inserts of Saccharopolyspora spinosa (Ss) DNA, was transferred by conjugation from Escherichia coli to Ss an integrated into the chromosome, apparently by homologous recombination, at high frequencies (10(-5) to 10(-4) per recipient). Transfer was mediated by the plasmid RP4 (RK2) transfer functions in E. coli, and the RK2 oriT function located on pOJ436 [Bierman et al., Gene 116 (1992) 43-49]. pOJ436 lacking Ss DNA, or containing a small insert (approx. 2 kb) of Ss DNA, conjugated from E. coli and integrated at either of two bacteriophage phi C31 attB sites at low frequency (approx. 10(-7) per recipient). Exconjugants containing homologous inserts or inserts at the phi C31 attB sites were stable in the absence of antibiotic selection, and most produced control levels of tetracyclic macrolide A83543 factors. Some exconjugants contained similar kinds of large deletions and were defective in macrolide production.
Thermal desorption mass spectrometric analysis of organic aerosol formed from reactions of 1-tetradecene and O3 in the presence of alcohols and carboxylic acids

The chemistry of secondary organic aerosol formation from reactions of 1-tetradecene and O3 in dry air in the presence of excess alcohols and carboxylic acids was investigated in an environmental chamber using a thermal desorption particle beam mass spectrometer. Temperature-programmed thermal desorption of collected aerosol shows that in each reaction two major aerosol products are formed. The more volatile compounds in each pair of products are α-alkoxytridecyl or α-acyloxytridecyl hydroperoxides, which were identified by comparison of mass spectra with those of standard compounds generated by the corresponding liquid-phase ozonolysis reactions. The formation of organic hydroperoxides in the gas and liquid phases is consistent with a mechanism involving reactions of the alcohols and carboxylic acids with stabilized Criegee biradicals generated in the alkene−O3 reaction. The less volatile compounds are α-alkoxy-α‘-hydroxyditridecyl or α-acyloxy-α‘-hydroxyditridecyl peroxides (peroxyhemiacetals) formed by...
Impact of Water Recreational Development on Rural Property Values

Public investment in water-based recreation facilities is made to increase the recreation potential of an area and to improve the economic resource base of the area. Estimates of the impact of one such investment on the structure of the land market and on property values were made for a rural area in Pennsylvania. The findings of the study support the general hypothesis that investment in water-based recreation facilities does significantly influence the value of rural property and the structure of the rural land market. Property characteristics and subdivision activity on surrounding properties had to be considered in addition to distance from the recreational development to measure the impact of this public investment.
Resolution of 89Sr and 90Sr in environmental media by an instrumental technique

Abstract The beta emissions of 89 Sr and 90 Sr are resolved by observing the ingrowth of the 90 Y and decay of 89 Sr. The ratio of count rate of the 90 Sr and the ingrown 90 Y to that of the parent 90 Sr at any time is predetermined. Two measurements of the total radiostrontium fractions are made at an interval of 7 to 14 days. Relating this ratio and the decay factor for 89 Sr with these two measurements, two equations can be set up and solved simultaneously to express the individual count rate of the two strontium isotopes. The count rate of the 90 Sr is corrected for self-absorption losses by relating the overall detection efficiency of 90 Sr to that of 90 Y, an energetic beta emitter with no sample absorption losses at the thickness studied. This technique differs from conventional methods in that neither additional chemistry nor the use of absorbers is required as a differentiating tool.
Materials Considerations in Rare Earth Doped Fiber Amplifiers

Although the host glass ligand field perturbation ins only a few hundred cm-1, it can significantly influence the oscillator strengths for radiative transitions, line shapes and widths, and phonon quenching.
Enhancing Evaluation of Potential Dates Online Through Paired Collaborative Activities

Online dating systems are the most common way people meet their marriage partners online. Nevertheless, online daters struggle to evaluate personality traits of potential partners using profile pages and private messaging in these systems. Meanwhile, Multiplayer Online Games (MOGs) have emerged as a popular way young people find romantic partners for relationships in the physical world. We conducted two interview studies -- one concerning evaluation behavior in online dating systems (n=41) and the other concerning collaborative activities in MOGs (n=35). Insights from these studies reveal the weaknesses in evaluation tools native to online dating and suggest that collaborative activities could potentially address evaluation challenges in online dating. The paper concludes with a discussion of a series of design concepts for online dating in order to improve users' abilities to evaluate their potential romantic partners for in-person meetings.
Formyloxyl radical-gold nanoparticle binding: a theoretical study.

The citrate reduction method is one of the simplest and most common methods used in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. It has been thought that citrate acts as both a reducing agent for the gold salt and as the capping agent. However, it has recently been reported using density functional theory (DFT) that electron density builds up on uncomplexed apex gold atoms and the binding of formate (the simplest carboxylate and a model for citrate) becomes unfavorable after two additions, limiting citrate’s utility as a capping agent. In this study, Au20-formyloxyl radical interactions are investigated using DFT at the BP86/DZ level of theory to model neutral carboxylate–gold nanoparticle binding (corresponding to carboxylates interacting with a partially oxidized gold nanoparticle). Binding energies are refined using a TZP basis set. It is found that the incremental binding energies of formyloxyl radicals remain highly favorable through eight additions (the highest number tested). The addition of one formyloxyl...
Effect of phenol substitution on the network structure and properties of linear aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazines

Abstract A series of aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazines with different phenolic substitutions have been synthesized and characterized. Molecular structure of the monomers is verified by 1H and 13C NMR, FTIR, and elemental analysis. The site of polymerization is regiospecified and the type of linkage in the network structure is manipulated by selectively blocking the ortho, para, and meta positions in the aromatic rings of the monomer. The controlled network structures and their properties are compared to those formed by the polymerization of aliphatic diamine-based benzoxazines prepared from unsubstituted phenol in order to provide insight into their structures. Investigation on the melting point, polymerization kinetics, gelation, and Tg and sub-Tg thermal transition is all reported on these systematically controlled structure polybenzoxazines.
A comparison of the characteristics of eBay consumers and eBay nonconsumers

Understanding the various variables that influence the success of eBay auctions has recently received much interest from academic researchers. Most studies concentrate on the effects of auction characteristics on the success of eBay auctions. A few studies identify consumer demographics that help predict the likelihood of consumers participating in eBay auctions. To date, however, no study has attempted to identify consumer personality traits, values and attitudes that may help predict whether or not a consumer will participate in eBay purchasing. This study examines a set of consumer demographics, values, attitudes and personality traits to assess these variables’ impact on eBay participation by consumers. Findings indicate that a consumer's family size and consumption motivation have an impact on their participation in eBay. Also this study finds that eBay consumers have a more positive attitude towards eBay than do eBay nonconsumers.
On theories, taxonomies, and models as communication codes for organizing information.

Theories, taxonomies, models, and schemes for information classification and retrieval all can be evaluated from the viewpoint of communication theory, by their performance characteristics as languages or codes for organizing information. Specific performance tests for any theory include its organizing power, predictive range, average error margin, economy of categories, operating rules and social cost of adoption, originality, fruitfulness, and probability of transcending itself. Here examples are given from current theories of nationalism, power, and value.
Performance analysis of a configured to order business with a variable product configuration recipe

We study a complex configured to order (CTO) business operating under variable product configuration recipes and high component commonality within product bills of materials. In particular, we conduct a series of simulation experiments to compare certain supply chain designs and investigate how their performance changes with changing variability of product configurations. The results indicate that under higher variability and component commonality conditions, a supply chain design that lays more emphasis on tracking the evolution of component demands and inventory positions performs better.
Optimal Use of Modern Antibiotics: Emerging Trends

Development of new antimicrobial drugs is an essential component in the effort to remain ahead of emerging microbial resistance. However, when new antibiotics are used with unrestrained enthusiasm, a predictable consequence is the further expansion of resistance. This problem is well known to the infectious diseases specialist and is increasingly appreciated by the nonspecialist and the public. A far more sensible strategy is to identify new ways to use these drugs to increase the duration of their usefulness. New methods to optimize antibiotic selection, dose, and duration of therapy are being investigated, and application of some of these strategies has been shown to have a favorable impact on resistance. Much of the classic thinking of how to use antibiotics is changing, and these newer strategies may result in prolongation of the era of the "antibiotic miracle."
Race detection for event-driven mobile applications

Mobile systems commonly support an event-based model of concurrent programming. This model, used in popular platforms such as Android, naturally supports mobile devices that have a rich array of sensors and user input modalities. Unfortunately, most existing tools for detecting concurrency errors of parallel programs focus on a thread-based model of concurrency. If one applies such tools directly to an event-based program, they work poorly because they infer false dependencies between unrelated events handled sequentially by the same thread. In this paper we present a race detection tool named CAFA for event-driven mobile systems. CAFA uses the causality model that we have developed for the Android event-driven system. A novel contribution of our model is that it accounts for the causal order due to the event queues, which are not accounted for in past data race detectors. Detecting races based on low-level races between memory accesses leads to a large number of false positives. CAFA overcomes this problem by checking for races between high-level operations. We discuss our experience in using CAFA for finding and understanding a number of known and unknown harmful races in open-source Android applications.
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Area for Dystonic Tremor

The stereotactic surgical target for dystonic tremor is the subject of ongoing debate. Targeting the subthalamic area using deep brain stimulation has been regaining interest as a therapy for various types of involuntary movements. We describe the efficacy of stimulation of the subthalamic area in a patient with intractable dystonic tremor. Excellent control without neurological complications was achieved. This case report demonstrates that the subthalamic area is a valuable target for the control of dystonic tremor.
INVESTIGATING THE MANAGEMENT POTENTIAL OF A SEAGRASS MODEL THROUGH SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND EXPERIMENTS

Loss of seagrass-dominated ecosystems worldwide has been attributed to anthropogenic modifications of watersheds; in response, proper management of these sys- tems has become a priority.: In this paper, sensitivity analysis and comparison of model predictions to field observations identified conditions under which a subtropical to tropical seagrass ecosystem model would be a useful management tool. Sensitivity analysis indicated that under low-nutrient conditions, physical factors such as temperature, light, and salinity controlled model predictions of seagrass and epiphyte biomass, but that when nutrients were abundant (5 pmol/L sediment pore water P; 10 pmol/L water column P) control shifted to biological interactions. This analysis suggests that important areas for future research include formulations for biomass-dependent productivity (e.g., competition for nutrients or light) and the effects of altered nutrients on epiphyte productivity and shading. Model predictions matched the seasonal abundance of seagrasses measured in three distinct seagrass communities in Biscayne Bay, Florida, suggesting that in its present form the model could be useful to managers to run "what-if" scenarios in order to make long-term decisions about upstream water management practices, including allowable nutrients and freshwater diversion. These management decisions are currently being considered without the benefit of a model.
The Measurement and Motivation of Atypical Opinion in a Certain Group.

Terms denoting political attitudes, such as 'conservative,' 'liberal,' 'radical,' and 'reactionary,' have long been familiar both in popular usage and in the language of political science. Though sufficiently understood for ordinary discourse, their use is likely to lead to a confusion between a political opinion and the type of person who holds the opinion. There is considerable agreement as to what is meant by a radical view; but is there such a thing as a radical type of personality? If there is, we need a method for the measurement and identification of such individuals. If not (and psychologists are becoming increasingly suspicious of type classifications), we must ask what psychological characteristics in individuals are the most likely to produce a radical trend in political and social convictions. The same observation holds for the other familiar attitudes upon public questions. A logical procedure would seem to be, first, to measure the distribution of public opinion in a representative sample, and secondly, to select from the various regions of this distribution (conservative, radical, and the like) a sufficient number of individuals for detailed study of the motives and traits of their personalities which give rise to the opinions they hold. This paper will be devoted to a preliminary report on the results of such a study. The first step, namely, the measurement of the opinion of the
Hidden Markov Models in Molecular Biology: New Algorithms and Applications

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) can be applied to several important problems in molecular biology. We introduce a new convergent learning algorithm for HMMs that, unlike the classical Baum-Welch algorithm is smooth and can be applied on-line or in batch mode, with or without the usual Viterbi most likely path approximation. Left-right HMMs with insertion and deletion states are then trained to represent several protein families including immunoglobulins and kinases. In all cases, the models derived capture all the important statistical properties of the families and can be used efficiently in a number of important tasks such as multiple alignment, motif detection, and classification.
Modeling Compressive Strength Development in Florida Concrete

The Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) specifications contain equations of concrete compressive strength to predict equivalent 28-day strengths based on core strengths at other times. The FDOT equations are many years old, and are not likely to represent current FDOT concrete mixes. Compressive strength testing at various ages, by using a typical FDOT concrete mix proportion, was performed in order to derive appropriate strength development models. Variation in the mixes was achieved through the substitution of cement types, slag for fly ash, and coarse aggregate type. Selected existing models from the literature were examined for statistical goodness-of-fit to the test data. The best performing models relating the 28-day compressive strength to strengths of concrete aged more than 42 day were recommended.
Adaptive Control Of Induced Hypotension With Optimum Drug Infusion

This paper describes an adaptive control strategy that is suited for automatic control of mean arterial pressure. The performance of the control was evaluated for application of sodium nitroprusside, a vasodilator drug, using a computer simulation with a model of the patient response derived from actual patient data. One feature of the controller is its ability to optimize the quantity of infused drug without generating an offset in the controlled pressure. A comparison with another control strategy which has been employed in the clinics is presented.
'Our Strike': Equality, Anticolonial Politics and the 1947-48 Railway Strike in French West Africa

This essay is both a reinterpretation of the place of the French West African railway strike in labor history and part of an exploration of its effects on politics and political memory. This vast strike needs to be studied in railway depots from Senegal to the Ivory Coast. Historians need both to engage the fictional version of the strike in Ousmanne Sembene's God's Bits of Wood and avoid being caught up in it. Interviews in the key railway and union town of Thies, Senegal, suggest that strike veterans want to distinguish an experience they regard as their own from the novelist's portrayal. They accept the heroic vision of the strike, but offer different interpretations of its relationship to family and community and suggest that its political implications include co-optation and betrayal as much as anticolonial solidarity. Interviews complement the reports of police spies as sources for the historian. The central irony of the strike is that it was sustained on the basis of railwaymen's integration into local communities but that its central demand took railwaymen into a professionally defined, nonracial category of railwayman. The strike thus needs to be situated in relation to French efforts to define a new imperialism for the post-war era and the government's inability to control the implications of its own actions and rhetoric. Negotiating with a new, young, politically aware railway union leadership in 1946 and 1947, officials were unwilling to defend the old racial wage scales, accepted in principle the cadre unique demanded by the union, but fought over the question of power – who was to decide the details that would give such a cadre meaning? The article analyzes the tension between the principles of nonracial equality and African community among the railwaymen and that between colonial power and notions of assimilation and development within the government. It examines the extent to which the strike remained a railway strike or spilled over into a wider and longer term question of proletarian solidarity and anticolonial mobilization.
Theoretical and experimental study of stimulated and cascaded Raman scattering in ultrahigh-Q optical microcavities

Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in ultrahigh-Q (UHQ) surface-tension-induced spherical and chip-based toroid microcavities is considered both theoretically and experimentally. These microcavities are fabricated from silica, exhibit small mode volume (typically 1000 /spl mu/m/sup 3/) and possess whispering-gallery type modes with long photon storage times (in the range of 100 ns), significantly reducing the threshold for stimulated nonlinear optical phenomena. Oscillation threshold levels of less than 100 /spl mu/W of launched fiber pump power, in microcavities with quality factors of 100 million are observed. Using a steady-state analysis of the coupled-mode equations for the pump and Raman whispering-gallery modes, the threshold, efficiencies and cascading properties of SRS in UHQ devices are derived. The results are experimentally confirmed in the telecommunication band (1550 nm) using tapered optical fibers as highly efficient waveguide coupling elements for both pumping and signal extraction. The device performance dependence on coupling, quality factor and modal volume are measured and found to be in good agreement with theory. This includes analysis of the threshold and efficiency for cascaded Raman scattering. The side-by-side study of nonlinear oscillation in both spherical microcavities and toroid microcavities on-a-chip also allows for comparison of their properties. In addition to the benefits of a wafer-scale geometry, including integration with optical, electrical, or mechanical functionality, microtoroids on-a-chip exhibit single mode Raman oscillation over a wide range of pump powers.
UNDERLYING PERSONALITY DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALCOHOL/SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDER PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT AN AFFECTIVE DISORDER

The Myers–Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI), a popular personality test, was used to profile the personalities of in-patient alcoholics/substance-use disorder patients who had, and those who did not have, a concurrent affective disorder diagnosis. The MBTI divides individuals into eight categories: Extroverts and Introverts, Sensors and Intuitives, Thinkers and Feelers, and Judgers and Perceivers. Alcohol/substance-use disorder patients with no affective disorder differed from a normative population only in being significantly more often Sensing and significantly less often Intuitive single-factor types. The Extroverted/Sensing/ Feeling/Judging four-factor type was also significantly over-represented in this group, compared to a normative population. In contrast, mood-disordered alcohol/substance-use disorder patients were significantly more often Introverted, Sensing, Feeling, and Perceiving and significantly less often Extroverted, Intuitive, Thinking, and Judging single-factor types. They were also significantly more often Introverted/Sensing/ Feeling/Perceiving and Introverted/Intuitive/Feeling/Perceiving four-factor types. ‘Pure’ alcohol/ substance-use disorder patients differed from alcohol/substance-use disorder patients with a mood disorder in that they were significantly more often Extroverted and Thinking and significantly less often Introverted and Feeling single-factor types; and significantly less often were an Introverted/Sensing/ Feeling/Perceiving four-factor type. The above results may have psychogenetic, diagnostic, and psychotherapeutic implications.
Work in progress: using e-portfolios to assess communication skills

With communication skills crucial to workplace success and communication-in-the-disciplines programs gaining popularity, educators need effective mechanisms to assess student learning in this area. Traditional product-based assessments in individual courses reflect students' mastery of assignments, but provide no means to evaluate their understanding of how to develop documents based on situational constraints or to track student progress and curricular effectiveness across a multi-year program. Portfolio assessments offer one solution, and the advent of Web-based e-portfolio systems provide added gains. This project explores the potential of e-portfolios in assessing both student and programmatic success. Preliminary results of a pilot project suggest that while the interface, which is still in development, has some usability issues, the e-portfolio system, with appropriate pedagogical support, is a feasible alternative to paper portfolios.
Getting family planning and population back on track

After a generation of partial neglect, renewed attention is being paid to population and voluntary family planning. Realistic access to family planning is a prerequisite for women's autonomy. For the individual, family, society, and our fragile planet, family planning has great power.
Application of the chromospheric magnetograph to active regions.

We show how to determine the magnetic field structure in active regions from the Ha morphology. We also show the role of the EFR (emerging flux region) as a bipolar region of velocity downflow. Finally, we point out that since all new magnetic flux emerges in strictly bipolar form, complex spot groups must result from surface interaction, hence most of the solar surface field may be produced on the surface.
Annulus Formation on Otoliths and Growth of Young Summer Flounder from Pamlico Sound, North Carolina

Abstract Summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus were collected monthly in Pamlico Sound, North Carolina, and adjacent waters from May 1971 to July 1972 to determine age at first annulus (opaque ring) formation on otoliths and to estimate growth of young-of-the-year and yearling fish. The first annulus formed on yearling otoliths between January and June. It often becomes obscure as fish age, making fish older than 2 years difficult to age from otoliths. A yon Bertalanffy equation with a seasonally varying coefficient closely modeled summer flounder growth during a cohort's first 17 months: Lmax (315.8 mm) is maximum body size; Lmin (14.4 mm) is size at estuarine immigration; t is age in months; α (0.059) and θ (−3.347) are parameters describing seasonal change in the von Bertalanffy coefficient. Mean total length at the end of the first year was 167 mm for males and 171 mm for females, and differences between sexes were not significant (P = 0.24). After fish moved into the estuary in February, their body w...
DEPENDENCE ON STAGE OF GROWTH OF MAMMALIAN CELL SENSITIVITY TO NEAR-UV IRRADIATION*

The variable sensitivity of exponentially growing mouse myeloma cells (66.2 subclone of MPC11) to monochromatic near-UV (365 nm) radiation was studied by determination of the relative cloning efficiency (i.e. survival) of cells in soft agar. Maximum sensitivity of the cells to near-UV light was found during the middle and late stages of exponential growth when the survival was only one-tenth of that during the early stage of growth. In addition, the shapes of near-UV survival curves changed with the stage of the cells irradiated. These data indicate that stages of growth can substantially alter the response of mammalian cells to near-UV radiation. These data further suggest the importance of testing the response of the cells throughout the growth employed in the experimental procedure.
Structure and dynamics of condensed multivalent ions within polyelectrolyte bundles: a combined x-ray diffraction and solid-state NMR study

Like-charged polyelectrolytes can attract and condense into compact ordered states via counterion-mediated interactions (Gelbart et al 2000 Phys. Today 53 38–44). Recent examples include DNA toroids and F-actin bundles. We have investigated the structure and dynamics of condensed divalent ions within F-actin polyelectrolyte bundles. Using synchrotron x-ray diffraction, the structural organization of Ba 2+ ions on F-actin has been directly observed. The Ba 2+ ions organize into counterion charge density waves (CDWs) parallel to the actin filaments. Moreover, these 1D counterion charge density waves couple to twist deformations of the oppositely charged actin filaments, and mediate attractions by effecting a ‘zipper-like’ charge alignment between the counterions and the polyelectrolyte charge distribution. We have also examined condensed divalent 25 Mg ions within F-actin bundles using solid-state NMR. Preliminary measurements indicate tha tt he longitudinal relaxation time T1 of Mg 2+ ions decreases by approximately an order of magnitude as they organize into th eC DW state within condensed F-actin bundles. The measured value of T1 for Mg 2+ ions in the CDW is intermediate between typical liquid-like and solid-like values. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version)
Perchlorate in water via US Environmental Protection Agency Method 331 Determination of method uncertainties, lowest concentration minimum reporting levels, and Hubaux-Vos detection limits in reagent water and simulated drinking water

Abstract US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 331 determines perchlorate in drinking water using non-suppressed ion chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. This study reports the results of calibration and recovery studies in reagent water, as well as of a recovery study in simulated drinking water (i.e., total dissolved solids are 500 mg/mL each of chloride, sulfate, and bicarbonate). The perchlorate concentrations in the study ranged from 0.05 to 64 ng/mL. At 95% confidence, the Hubaux-Vos detection limit (H-V DL) was 0.04 ng/mL for the calibration study and the simulated-drinking-water recovery study, and 0.03 ng/mL for the reagent-water recovery study. The lowest concentration minimum reporting level was 0.03 ng/mL for reagent water and 0.07 ng/mL for simulated drinking water, again at 95% confidence.
Yemen, Cairo and the End of Saudi Arabia

War in Yemen involves old enemies yet has roots in contemporary global tensions. The focus is on a tribal group, the Houthis and news media have distorted the history and motives of this group. Considerable cultural interaction and background are necessary to have a clear picture of the war and the local as well as international players.
Coordinated modulation of sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and androgen receptor (AR) in the prostate tumor microenvironment by chemo-hormonal therapy

5066 Background: Shh and androgen signaling are implicated experimentally in prostate development, regeneration and neoplastic progression. We assessed expression of components of these pathways in...
Pulmonary aspergillosis presenting with recurrent haemoptysis.

Pulmonary aspergillosis presents with a variety of clinical forms including invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, chronic necrotising aspergillosis, aspergilloma, chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Haemoptysis is a devastating complication of pulmonary aspergillosis and a common indication for surgery. We report a case of a 54-year-old man with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and diabetes mellitus, who presented with productive cough and haemoptysis for 2 months. Chest CT revealed a 30 mm diameter soft tissue mass in the upper lobe of the right lung. Haemoptysis subsided with conservative measures, but 2 weeks later the patient developed a new episode of persistent haemoptysis, which was only partially controlled with bronchial arterial embolisation. He underwent right upper and middle lobectomy. Histology examination confirmed the presence of a fungal cavitary lesion. The patient was started on voriconazole, and recovered with no recurrence at 18 months follow-up.
Abstract 75: Sex Differences in the Renin-angiotensin System In Middle Aged Adults at Risk for Stroke

Background/Objective: Angiotensinogen is the substrate for renin, which then converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin I. Sex differences in multiple components of the renin angiotensin system (RAS) have been described. We examined sex differences in angiotensinogen (Aogen) and renin activity in middle aged men and women at risk for stroke, accounting for sex hormone binding globulin and use of RAS-influencing drugs. Methods: The Sex Age and Variation in Vascular functionalitY (SAVVY) study measured sex differences in subclinical vascular disease and biomarkers in men and women aged 45 to 64 with at least one stroke risk factor, but free of cardiovascular events using a cross-sectional design. Women were oversampled to assess pre- and post-menopausal time points. Aogen, renin activity, and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) were performed using commercial ELISAs/RIAs. We compared biomarker levels by sex using parametric statistical tests, and multiple linear regression models were developed to determine if...
Of Libel Language and the Law

This Article is an exploration of the current state of the law of defamation now that a quarter century has passed since the landmark New York Times v. Sullivan opinion. With that case, the Supreme Court began a process of constitutionalization that has produced a chaotic system that fails to meet the great objective of accommodating the individual's interest in reputation to the strictures of the first amendment. Professor Halpern examines Sullivan and its progeny, placing a realistic perspective on a doctrine that has become accepted notwithstanding its formation through shaky Court majorities and less than compelling logic and suggests an approach toward accommodation of the apparently irreconcilable interests. To realize the ideals of Sullivan without punishing innocent error or leaving the victim of defamation helpless, the author proposes, in place of the present fragmented, confusing, and unsatisfying array of criteria and requirements, a unitary system of practice, damages, and fault predicated on concepts of professionalism.
Heterotopic epithelium in axillary lymph nodes: report of a case and review of the literature.

Benign epithelial structures are found rarely in axillary lymph nodes, but because they may simulate metastatic carcinoma, they are of clinical and pathologic significance. A case of a 45-year-old woman who underwent elective, bilateral, total subcutaneous mastectomies for chronic cystic disease is reported. Ten right axillary lymph nodes were removed incidentally. Five of these contained a variety of glands, tubules, and apocrine and squamous-lined cysts. The totally embedded breast tissue contained no malignant tumor. Based on the histologic findings in this case and a survey of the few reports in the literature, criteria for proper diagnosis of these heterotopic structures in axillary lymph nodes are suggested and the possible pathogenesis of the lesions is discussed.
CO2 capture via adsorption in amine-functionalized sorbents

Amine functionalized solid adsorbents are promising materials for the capture of CO2 because of their tunability and lower heat capacity compared to liquid amine solutions. This review focuses on recent advances in the use of solid-supported amines for CO2 capture, with emphasis on amine functionalized metal organic framework (MOF) materials. The recently reported diamine functionalized Mg-DOBPDC MOF demonstrates intriguing performance for CO2 capture, offering a unique adsorption mechanism with favorable energetics. Stable performance for CO2 capture under humid conditions and easy regenerability of the adsorbent are critical to the realization of practical CO2 adsorbents. Scalable regeneration methods such as temperature swing in a CO2 purge stream and temperature swing via steam stripping are discussed. Emerging gas-solid contacting strategies for CO2 capture with amine adsorbents are also discussed.
Fledermäuse im Windkanal

In einem Windkanal wurde fur eine Myotis lucifugus die Abhangigkeit der Fluggeschwindigkeit (vF) und der Geschwindigkeit uber Grund (vG) von der Windgeschwindigkeit (vW) bestimmt. Die Fledermaus flog bei Windstille mit einer mittleren vF von etwa 4,5 m/sec. Bei zunehmenden Gegenwinden erhohte sie vF und verringerte vG, um bei vW=7,7 m/sec fur kurze Zeit stationaren Flug (vG=0) zu erreichen. Die Flugelschlagfrequenz lag bei Gegenwinden von 0–7,7 m/sec zwischen 10–11/sec. Bei zunehmenden Ruckenwinden wurde der Flug immer mehr dem Ruttelflug ahnlich und die Flugelschlagfrequenz stieg bis 16/sec an. Die vG blieb nahezu konstant in einem Bereich zwischen 4,5–5 m/sec. Bei Myotis lucifugus, Chilonycteris rubiginosa, Carollia perspillicata und Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum wurde die Flugelstellung wahrend der Lautaussendung ermittelt. Alle Arten erzeugten entweder einen Einzellaut oder eine Gruppe von Lauten pro Flugelschlag.
Quantification and Accuracy of a CMOS-Based Raman Scattering Imaging System for High-Speed Measurements in Flames

In this paper we will describe recent work in our laboratory towards the quantification of a high-speed (> 10 kHz) combined 1D Raman-Rayleigh scattering imaging system utilizing CMOS-based cameras. While our previous work has demonstrated the ability to acquire high-speed Raman/Rayleigh scattering images using a pulse burst laser system (Gabet et al., 2010), further study of the acquisition system is necessary for quantitative results. For the majority of high-speed imaging experiments, CMOS cameras are used because conventional CCD cameras cannot operate at sufficiently high acquisition rates to capture the full range of temporal scales and fluctuations in turbulent flows. Unlike CCD cameras, which typically have uniform and linear pixel response, each pixel on CMOS cameras has a unique response which needs to be characterized individually (Patton et al., 2011; Weber et al., 2011). In addition, CMOS cameras are known to exhibit increased levels of noise, particularly when coupled with an image intensifier. Careful examination and calibration of CMOS-based acquisition systems is of particular importance to understand their limitations and accuracy for low-signal applications such as Raman scattering. This paper will focus on quantifying the precision and accuracy of Raman/Rayleigh scattering measurements of major species, temperature, and mixture fraction using our CMOS-based 1D Raman/Rayleigh system in a series of near-adiabatic H2/air flames and turbulent H2/N2 jet flames. A detailed analysis of the spectral response and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of major species (H2, N2, H2O, and O2) and temperature is presented. The ability to measure “single-shot” scalar values accurately in turbulent flames is assessed by comparing scalar results in the DLR H3 (50% N2/50% H2 Re=10,000) turbulent jet flame to previous work (Meier et al., 1996). The ultimate goal of our research is to measure the time-varying profiles of all major combustion species and deduce temporally resolved mixture fraction profiles in turbulent combustion environments.
Zero-shot learning of intent embeddings for expansion by convolutional deep structured semantic models

The recent surge of intelligent personal assistants motivates spoken language understanding of dialogue systems. However, the domain constraint along with the inflexible intent schema remains a big issue. This paper focuses on the task of intent expansion, which helps remove the domain limit and make an intent schema flexible. A con-volutional deep structured semantic model (CDSSM) is applied to jointly learn the representations for human intents and associated utterances. Then it can flexibly generate new intent embeddings without the need of training samples and model-retraining, which bridges the semantic relation between seen and unseen intents and further performs more robust results. Experiments show that CDSSM is capable of performing zero-shot learning effectively, e.g. generating embeddings of previously unseen intents, and therefore expand to new intents without re-training, and outperforms other semantic embeddings. The discussion and analysis of experiments provide a future direction for reducing human effort about annotating data and removing the domain constraint in spoken dialogue systems.
Future Developments in the Area of Pharmacotherapy

Obesity is a chronic and highly prevalent medical condition associated with increased risk of developing numerous comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, stroke, and heart disease. The etiology of obesity is multifactorial and the condition remains difficult to treat. In the United States, a nation of 60 million obese adults (1), there are only a few antiobesity medications available or approved for the treatment of obesity. In addition, the short-term effect of these medications is modest and their long-term efficacy is doubtful, because rebound weight gain is common; therefore, the efforts of researchers and the pharmaceutical industry are currently focused on developing new potent antiobesity medications.