cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Household fear of deportation in relation to chronic stressors and salivary proinflammatory cytokines in Mexican-origin families post-SB 1070.

Sociologists recognize that immigration enforcement policies are forms of institutionalized racism that can produce adverse health effects in both undocumented and documented Latinos and Mexican-origin persons in the United States. Despite this important advancement, little research examines the relationship between fear of immigration enforcement and biobehavioral health in mixed-status Mexican-origin families. This study applies an embodiment of racism approach to examine how household fear of deportation (FOD) is related to differences in salivary proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-8, and TNF α ) in healthy Mexican-origin families with at least one immigrant, living in Phoenix, AZ. Participants were 111 individuals (n=46 adults, 72% female; n=65 children, 49% female) from 30 low-income, mixed-status families. During a home visit, anthropometric measures and saliva were collected from each family member and a household survey was administered. Saliva was assayed for salivary IL-1 β , IL-6, IL-8, and TNF α . Random effects multilevel structural equation models estimated the relationship between household FOD and a salivary proinflammatory cytokine latent variable between families, while controlling for other chronic stressors (economic/occupational, immigration, parental, and family conflict). Household FOD ( β =0.68, p=0.04) and family conflict chronic stress ( β =1.96, p=0.03) were strongly related to elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines between families. These results were consistent in non-mixed and mixed-status families. Future research is needed to characterize what aspects of living with an undocumented family member shape the physical health outcomes of persons with authorized status or US-citizenship.
The Ability of Five Children With Developmental Language Disorder to Describe Mental States in Stories

This study described the ability of five children with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) to relate the mental states of story characters in two conditions: spontaneous story generation and in r...
A Modern Perspective on Ancient Life: Microbial Mats in Sandy Marine Settings from the Archean Era to Today

Most valuable paleontological studies on the ancient life in the Archean era are on fossils of bacterial cells preserved in chert, or on the famous stromatolites we find in the oldest carbonate or silica rocks. The past decade, a new window into Earth’s most antique worlds opened: Modern sandy coastal areas and the biofilms and microbial mats therein! The interaction of the modern microbial mats with the physical sediment dynamics creates sedimentary structures of mm to m sizes. Those ‘microbially induced sedimentary structures – MISS’ are found in the fossil record as well. Both modern and fossil examples look alike, but much different to stromatolites. We distinguish 17 main types of those MISS, related to their modes of formations. Our studies showed that ancient microbial mats developed in tidal, lagoonal, and shelf sandstones during the Phanerozoic, and Proterozoic ages, and even colonized already sandy marine deposits billions of years ago – during the Archean time. The ancient MISS suggest the existence of cyanobacteria potentially before 3 billion years ago.
Anger and Aggression in Biological Perspective

From a constructivist point of view, anger can be defined as a socially constituted syndrome, or transitory social role. One advantage of a definition in terms of social roles is that it allows a consideration of biological factors without resorting to a crude reductionism. As Newcomb (1950) has observed: “Protoplasm meets society as human organisms learn to perceive themselves and one another in terms of shared norms and become motivated to interact with one another by means of role behavior.” (p. 331) Of course, it is one thing to say that protoplasm meets society in terms of shared norms and role behavior; it is quite another thing to say how that meeting takes place. That is the major prupose of the present chapter.
Modular Domains of Focal Adhesion-Associated Proteins

Attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix is mediated by structures called “focal adhesions.” Focal adhesions can be readily visualized by reflection contrast microscopy in cells grown in culture either on plastic or a defined extracellular matrix (ECM; e.g., fibronectin, collagen), appearing as spear tip-like structures connecting the extracellular matrix with the ventral plasma membrane (Jockusch et al. 1995). The cytoplasmic face of such structures is decorated with the termini of numerous actin stress filaments, indicating a direct linkage with the actin cytoskeletal network. Focal adhesions not only provide the cell with a point of adhesive contact with the extracellular matrix, but also function to mediate signals that regulate cell growth, migration and apoptosis (Burridge and Chrzanowska-Wodnicka 1996; Hynes 1992; Jockusch et al. 1995). The regulated assembly of focal adhesions at the leading edge of the cell is a central step in cell migration and more specialized processes such as axonal growth (Hynes 1992; Lauffenberger and Horwitz 1996). Loss of adhesion to the ECM can lead to cell cycle arrest or in some cells the induction of programmed cell death (Rouslahti and Reed 1994). Thus, adhesive interactions with the ECM play a critical role in regulating a variety of intracellular signaling pathways.
Hobbes on Equity and Justice

Most contemporary readers of Hobbes’s works are shocked by his reduction of justice to mere legality. If we want to know if we have acted justly we need merely ask, ‘have we obeyed the law’? This is shocking because it implies (and Hobbes elsewhere states explicitly) that there can be no unjust laws. If such a statement were made today we would be inclined to view the person making the statement as an absolute legal positivist, namely, someone who believed that morality did not overlap with legality. I shall argue that Hobbes is not such an absolute legal positivist because he had a much narrower conception of justice than we have, but also a wide notion of equity or fairness which did provide for a moral basis of criticizing the law, and is perhaps closer to our notion of justice than what Hobbes called justice.
Characterizing the course of suicidal ideation response to ketamine

Abstract Background : No pharmacological treatments exist for active suicidal ideation (SI), but the glutamatergic modulator ketamine elicits rapid changes in SI. We developed data-driven subgroups of SI trajectories after ketamine administration, then evaluated clinical, demographic, and neurobiological factors that might predict SI response to ketamine. Methods : Data were pooled from five clinical ketamine trials. Treatment-resistant inpatients (n = 128) with DSM-IV-TR-diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar depression received one subanesthetic (0.5 mg/kg) ketamine infusion over 40 min. Composite SI variable scores were analyzed using growth mixture modeling to generate SI response classes, and class membership predictors were evaluated using multinomial logistic regressions. Putative predictors included demographic variables and various peripheral plasma markers. Results : The best-fitting growth mixture model comprised three classes: Non-Responders (29%), Responders (44%), and Remitters (27%). For Responders and Remitters, maximal improvements were achieved by Day 1. Improvements in SI occurred independently of improvements in a composite Depressed Mood variable for Responders, and partially independently for Remitters. Indicators of chronic SI and self-injury were associated with belonging to the Non-Responder group. Higher levels of baseline plasma interleukin-5 (IL-5) were linked to Remitters rather than Responders. Limitations : Subjects were not selected for active suicidal thoughts; findings only extend to Day 3; and plasma, rather than CSF, markers were used. Conclusion : The results underscore the heterogeneity of SI response to ketamine and its potential independence from changes in Depressed Mood. Individuals reporting symptoms suggesting a longstanding history of chronic SI were less likely to respond or remit post-ketamine.
Significant improvement in treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations after 5 days of double-blind, randomized, sham controlled, fronto-temporal, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS): A replication/extension study.

Abstract Background Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a potentially novel treatment for antipsychotic-resistant auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) in schizophrenia. Nevertheless, results have been mixed across studies. Methods 89 schizophrenia/schizoaffective subjects (active: 47; Sham: 42) were randomized to five days of twice-daily 20-min active tDCS vs. sham treatments across two recruitment sites. AVH severity was assessed using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) total score. To assess target engagement, MRI was obtained in a sub sample. Results We observed a statistically significant, moderate effect-size change in AHRS total score across one-week and one-month favoring active treatment following covariation for baseline symptoms and antipsychotic dose (p = 0.036; d = 0.48). Greatest change was observed on the AHRS loudness item (p = 0.003; d = 0.69). In exploratory analyses, greatest effects on AHRS were observed in patients with lower cognitive symptoms (d = 0.61). In target engagement analysis, suprathreshold mean field-strength (>0.2 V/m) was seen within language-sensitive regions. However, off-target field-strength, which correlated significantly with less robust clinical response, was observed in anterior regions. Conclusions This is the largest study of tDCS for persistent AVH conducted to date. We replicate previous reports of significant therapeutic benefit, but only if medication dosage is considered, with patients receiving lowest medication dosage showing greatest effect. Response was also greatest in patients with lowest levels of cognitive symptoms. Overall, these findings support continued development of tDCS for persistent AVH, but also suggest that response may be influenced by specific patient and treatment characteristics. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01898299 .
Phosphatidylinositol Turnover in Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Cells: Comparison of Stimulation by A23187 and 12-O-Tetradecanoyl-Phorbol-13-Acetate

Treatment of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK) with either A23187 or 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol13-acetate (TPA) causes a rapid deacylation of [3H]arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids and an increased production of [3H]prostaglandins (Daniel et al., 1984). The present study revealed that A23187 in contrast to TPA stimulated a rapid increase in the incorporation of “P. P. or [3H] myo-inositol into phosphatidylinositol (PI). However, TPA did increase the incorporation of 32Pi. into phosphatidylcholine. Neither A23187 nor TPA stimulated the incorporation of 32Pi. into phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PIP) or phospIatidyl inositol 4, 5-bisphosphate (PIP2). Present and previous data indicate that phosphatidylinositol turnover is not a required event for the stimulation of arachidonic acid release and prostaglandin synthesis in TPA stimulated MDCK cells.
Iowa — The Definitive Collection: Classic and Contemporary Readings by Iowans, about Iowan

Review of: "Iowa: The Definitive Collection: Classic and Contemporary Readings by Iowans, About Iowans," edited by Zachary Michael Jack.
Description of Criterion Validity of the Autism Spectrum Rating Scales 6-18 Parent Report: Initial Exploration in a Large Community Sample.

Research regarding psychometric properties of autism spectrum disorder questionnaires is lacking. This study explored the criterion validity of the ASRS 6–18 parent report (ASRS-6–18-P) in a large, well-characterized, real-world clinical sample of 422 children ( $$\bar{X}_{\text{age}} = 10.04;$$ autism [AUT] n = 139; non-autism [NOT] n = 283) evaluated with the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2, a gold-standard measure. Significant mean differences were observed for DSM-5, social, and unusual behaviors. Total, DSM-5, social, and unusual behaviors demonstrated significant correlations with ADOS-2 comparison scores (modules 1–3), but not with module 4 (raw) scores. DSM-5 and Unusual Behaviors demonstrated significant but poor AUCs (0.60). Findings with/without covariates (IQ/age) were overall similar. Sensitivity and specificity could not be optimized. The suggested cutpoint (T-score = 60) demonstrated unacceptably high false positive rates (> 76.33%). While findings suggest limited diagnostic utility of the ASRS-6–18-P, the sample’s complex psychiatric presentation and measurement error inherent in cutoff score application should be considered when generalizing results. Further research is recommended.
Bile Acid Metabolism

Transport and metabolism of bile acids by the liver have been the subject of several recent reviews.1–3 In this chapter, however, the problem is analyzed in a different context. An attempt is made to integrate the development of these functions in the fetal and newborn liver with the transport and metabolic regulation of bile acids observed in the adult liver. Moreover, these processes are analyzed in the context of the functional heterogeneity of the hepatic parenchyma observed in both the fetal and the adult liver. While significant progress has been made recently in this area, the available data are still scarce. Many more questions can be raised than answers given in dealing with the transport and metabolism of bile acids by the functional units of the fetal liver or by the zones of the adult hepatic acinus. We hope this review will stimulate research in these areas.
Étude des facteurs biotiques et abiotiques influant sur la structuration et la composition du microbiote racinaire du Peuplier

Les micro-organismes jouent un role essentiel dans le fonctionnement des ecosystemes forestiers. L’ensemble de ces micro-organismes associes aux racines est appele « microbiote racinaire » et est connu pour promouvoir la croissance de l’arbre, ameliorer sa resistance face aux stress biotiques et abiotiques et participer au cycle des nutriments. Etudier les facteurs de structuration et de regulation du microbiote racinaire est essentiel pour mieux comprendre les mecanismes impliques dans les interactions arbres/micro-organismes et le role du microbiote racinaire de l’arbre en reaction aux contraintes environnementales actuelles et futures. Au cours de ma these, j’ai etudie la dynamique de colonisation des racines du peuplier gris par les communautes bacteriennes et fongiques du sol en combinant approches metagenomique et microscopique. Parallelement, une etude realisee en mesocosme a ete menee afin de connaitre l’impact du genotype de l’hote et des facteurs environnementaux tels que le climat et le type de sol sur le microbiote racinaire du peuplier noir, espece colonisant les ecosystemes ripisylves et particulierement touchee par le changement climatique. Enfin, par des approches de metagenomique et de metabolomique, j’ai etudie, d’une part, l’impact des variations du microbiote du sol et, d’autre part, celui de la voie de signalisation de l’acide jasmonique, sur le metabolome et les communautes du microbiote racinaire du peuplier gris. L’ensemble de mes resultats met en lumiere l’impact significatif de l’arbre et des facteurs environnementaux sur la composition et la structure taxonomique et fonctionnelle du microbiote racinaire ainsi que la necessite de considerer l’arbre et son microbiote comme un « meta-organisme » a part entiere.
Water Climate Food Nexus for Green Sustainability

Egypt is characterized as arid and semi-arid country with very limited water resources, population growth, and proving with climate changes such reasons grow pressures on the environment and natural resources, and consequently affecting on per capita sharing for water and land, human securities and eventually political stability. There are interrelationships between food, water and climate that affect in sustainable development generally and especially for green sustainable. Green sustainable could support the human being, environment, and prevent poverty in terms of sufficient water and food security. Whenever Climate change is considered as cross cutting issue with food and water security and consequentially for green sustainable Development. Applying Water-climate-Food Security (WCF) Nexus approach, could be save time and efforts need to cope with the risk of climate at these crosscutting areas. It is highly appreciated if there are a coordination between governmental sectors, stakeholders and different beneficiaries. By identifying entry points, processes and partners for WCF nexus mainstreaming, it could be add value to implementation of sectorial strategies and to contribute to cross-sectorial policy goals such as the national vision for sustainable development 2030 and climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies to meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The next sections identify the interrelationships between Climate water food nexus and discuss the national and international mechanisms that need to conduct this approach efficiently. In addition to drawing attention to some related national strategies in order to meet the green sustainable development.
Distributed Energy and Thermal Management of a 48-V Diesel Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicle With Electrically Heated Catalyst

The 48-V diesel mild-hybrid electric vehicle equipped with an electrically heated catalyst is a cost-effective solution to reduce tailpipe emissions, while its supervisory control design is more challenging, due to cross-coupled energy and thermal subsystems. This article presents a distributed control design for the energy and thermal management system, aiming to optimize fuel economy and reduce catalyst warm-up time, by cooperation between electrical heating and engine load upshift. A control-oriented model of HEV and catalyst is developed, which captures the dynamics of the battery state of charge and catalyst temperature. The energy and thermal management problem is cast as a hybrid optimal control problem, to minimize entire trip fuel consumption under different switching (warm-up) times. An off-line solution method is designed to exploit the tradeoff between fuel and warm-up time based upon hybrid minimum principle and a nested shooting algorithm. For online implementation, a distributed supervisory control is proposed, which covers both cold-start and normal operations, and is compatible with the equivalent consumption minimization strategy. Both off-line and online methods are validated in simulation, using two driving cycles and five warm-up speeds.
“What Does the Awake Ventilated Patient Really Want?”: Shared Decision-Making in the ICU

Explore how to navigate difficult conversations with an awake patient and his family about his end-stage disease while he is on the ventilator. Become a symptom management expert while compassionately weaning an awake patient off of the ventilator.
Smoking has a dose-dependent effect on the incidence of preoperative opioid consumption in female geriatric patients with spine disease.

Abstract Tobacco use and narcotic medication have been associated with worse functional outcomes after surgery. Our goal was to investigate potential associations between smoking and preoperative opioid consumption in a geriatric population undergoing spine surgery, and their impact on postoperative outcomes. The records of 536 consecutive patients aged more than 65 years who underwent elective spinal surgery between November 2014 and August 2017 at a single institution were reviewed. Primary outcomes included rates of preoperative opioid consumption and postoperative hospital length of stay and complications. Males were more likely to be smokers than females (p
Energy Efficiency Challenges in Pulp and Paper Manufacturing: A Tutorial Review

The pulp and paper industry is highly energy-intensive. In mills that use chemical pulping, roughly half of the higher heating value of the cellulosic material used to manufacture the product typically is incinerated to generate steam and electricity that is needed to run the processes. Additional energy, much of it non-renewable, needs to be purchased. This review considers publications describing steps that pulp and paper facilities can take to operate more efficiently. Savings can be achieved, for instance, by minimizing unnecessary losses in exergy, which can be defined as the energy content relative to a standard ambient condition. Throughout the long series of unit operations comprising the conversion of wood material to sheets of paper, there are large opportunities to more closely approach a hypothetical ideal performance by following established best-practices.
Ray Tracing Point Sampled Geometry

We present a novel technique for ray tracing geometry represented by points. Our approach makes it possible to render high quality ray traced images with global illumination using unstructured point-sampled data thus avoiding the time-consuming process of reconstructing the underlying surface or any topological information. Compared with previous point rendering methods, our approach allows for more complex illumination models while still maintaining the simplicity of the point primitive.
ATPase and ubiquitin-binding proteins of the yeast proteasome

The 26S proteasome is a 2-Megadalton proteolytic complex with over 30 distinct subunits. The 19S particle, a subcomplex of the 26S proteasome, is thought to confer ATP-dependence and ubiquitin-dependence on the proteolytic core particle of the proteasome. Given the complexity of the 19S particle, genetic approaches are likely to play an important role in its analysis. We have initiated biochemical and genetic studies of the 19S particle in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Here we describe the localization to the proteasome of several ATPases that were previously proposed to be involved in transcription. Independent studies indicate that the mammalian 26S proteasome contains closely related ATPases. We have also found that the multiubiquitin chain binding protein Mcb1, a homolog of the mammalian S5a protein, is a subunit of the yeast proteasome. However, contrary to expectation, MCB1 is not an essential gene in yeast. The mcb1 mutant grows at a nearly wild-type rate, and the breakdown of most ubiquitin-protein conjugates is unaffected in this strain. One substrate, Ub-Proline-βgal, was found to require MCB1 for its breakdown, but it remains unclear whether Mcb1 serves as a ubiquitin receptor in this process. Our data suggest that the recognition of ubiquitin conjugates by the proteasome is a complex process which must involve proteins other than Mcb1.
Abstract T MP88: Algorithms for Identification of Acute Stroke Hospitalizations in Medicare Data

Background: Medicare claims (MC) are a source of nationwide data on various disease conditions including stroke. We developed and tested algorithms to accurately identify acute stroke hospitalizations in MC data using a population-based acute stroke hospitalization database. Methods: Data were obtained from year 2000 Minnesota Stroke Survey (MSS), a surveillance study of stroke incidence and prevalence in the Minneapolis-St. Paul metro area. Stroke cases were ascertained with acute stroke discharge codes (ICD-9 431, 432, 434, 436, 437) and validated with clinical criteria after medical record abstraction. Stroke was defined as a neurological deficit of vascular origin lasting at least 24 hours or until death. MSS subjects aged 65-74 years (n=464) were linked to MC hospitalization claims. A random sample of non-stroke MC hospitalization claims was included in the dataset (n=1,384). We randomly selected 2/3 of the data for training and 1/3 for testing. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) models were u...
Second harmonic generation microscopy reveals altered collagen microstructure in usual interstitial pneumonia versus healthy lung

It is not understood why some pulmonary fibroses such as cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) respond well to treatment, while others like usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) do not. Increased understanding of the structure and function of the matrix in this area is critical to improving our understanding of the biology of these diseases and developing novel therapies. The objectives herein are to provide new insights into the underlying collagen- and matrix-related biological mechanisms driving COP versus UIP. Two-photon second harmonic generation (SHG) and excitation fluorescence microscopies were used to interrogate and quantify differences between intrinsic fibrillar collagen and elastin matrix signals in healthy, COP, and UIP lung. Collagen microstructure was different in UIP versus healthy lung, but not in COP versus healthy, as indicated by the ratio of forward-to-backward propagating SHG signal (FSHG/BSHG). This collagen microstructure as assessed by FSHG/BSHG was also different in areas with preserved alveolar architecture adjacent to UIP fibroblastic foci or honeycomb areas versus healthy lung. Fibrosis was evidenced by increased col1 and col3 content in COP and UIP versus healthy, with highest col1:col3 ratio in UIP. Evidence of elastin breakdown (i.e. reduced mature elastin fiber content), and increased collagen:mature elastin ratios, were seen in COP and UIP versus healthy. Fibrillar collagen’s subresolution structure (i.e. “microstructure”) is altered in UIP versus COP and healthy lung, which may provide novel insights into the biological reasons why unlike COP, UIP is resistant to therapies, and demonstrates the ability of SHG microscopy to potentially distinguish treatable versus intractable pulmonary fibroses.
Actuator location optimization in synchronization control of networked distributed parameter systems

This work examines the effects of actuator location in networked distributed parameter systems. In particular, the effects of the optimal actuator location for one networked system can impact the collective behavior of the networked systems. The actuator optimization cannot be performed on the individual networked systems, but must be considered for the aggregate of the networked systems. To tackle the actuator optimization problem, the networked systems are viewed collectively and with the implementation of a synchronization controller, the resulting closed-loop aggregate system is parameterized by the actuator location. Using different metrics for the success of synchronization, the resulting actuator optimization problem is recast as a minimization of a performance index. The solution to this optimization is expressed as the minimization of the trace of a location-parameterized Lyapunov operator. Simulation studies on seven networked diffusion partial differential equations in one spatial dimension reveal the effects of a correct actuator placement on synchronization.
An injection locked, RF powered, telemetry IC in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS

This wireless transponder recovers power and a reference clock from an incident RF signal and returns data on a 900MHz carrier. A multi-stage voltage multiplier/rectifier converts the received low power RF signal to a useful DC voltage and stores the energy on a storage capacitor. The injection locking technique facilitates power efficient generation of a low phase noise 900MHz internal clock from the received 450MHz signal by employing a fully integrated low power LC oscillator. A fully integrated pseudodifferential power amplifier operating in class AB regime is used as the output stage of the system. The system dissipates an average of 5 /spl mu/A in standby mode and 1.1 mA during active operation.
Heavy Metal Abundances in Nova Ejecta Revealed by Infrared Coronal Emission Lines

This article discusses the recent discovery of infrared coronal emission lines in the ejecta of Nova QU Vul, V1819 Cyg, and Nova Herculis 1987. These data suggest that infrared coronal line nova shells are typically highly overabundant in Al, Mg, and Ne, and may contribute significantly to the gas phase abundance of these elements in the interstellar medium of galaxies.
Reducing fragility through strengthening local governance in Guinea

Improving state–citizen relations at the local level is posited as one of the pathways out of fragility towards peace and stability. This article explores this premise by examining the experience of a recent donor-funded project in Guinea that combined improvements in sectoral service delivery with new modes of collaborative governance between local officials and communities. The analysis finds that the project’s focus on citizen engagement with local officials, coupled with transparency and mutual accountability, led to better services, changed attitudes and increased trust. Individual agency and leadership emerged as important success factors. Prospects for sustainability of these local reforms are challenged by Guinea’s weak state capacities and poverty. Lessons for donors include supporting stability-enhancing governance through incremental interventions that create relationships and coalitions among local actors.
A focused investigation of expedited, stack of three shocks versus chest compressions first followed by single shocks for monitored ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia cardiopulmonary arrest in an in‐hospital setting

BACKGROUND In cases of in-hospital–witnessed ventricular fibrillation/ventricular tachycardia (VF/VT) arrest, it is unclear whether cardiopulmonary resuscitation prior to defibrillation attempt or expedited stacked defibrillation attempt is superior. METHODS Retrospective, observational study of all admitted patients with continuous cardiac monitoring who suffered VF/VT arrest between July 2005 and June 2013. In the stacked shock period (2005–2008), institutional protocols advocated early defibrillation with administration of 3 stacked shocks with brief pauses between each single defibrillation attempt to confirm sustained VF/VT. During the initial chest compression period (2008–2011), the protocol was modified to perform a 2-minute period of chest compressions prior to each defibrillation, including the initial. In the modified stack shock period (2011–2013), for a monitored arrest, defibrillation attempts were expedited with up to 3 successive shocks administered for persistent VF/VT. In unmonitored arrest, chest compressions and ventilations were initiated prior to defibrillation. The primary outcome measure was survival to hospital discharge. RESULTS Six hundred sixty-one cardiopulmonary arrests were recorded during the study period, with 106 patients (16%) representing primary VF/VT. The incidence of VF/VT arrest did not vary significantly between the study periods (P= 0.16) Survival to hospital discharge for all primary VF/VT arrest victims decreased, then increased significantly from the stacked shock period to initial chest compression period to modified stacked shock period (58%, 18%, 71%, respectively, P < 0.01). Specific group differences were significant between the initial chest compression versus the stacked and modified stacked shock groups (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Data suggest that monitored VF/VT should undergo expeditious defibrillation with use of stacked shocks. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:264–268. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) development on three crucifers and feeding damage on broccoli

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate harlequin bug, Murgantia histrionica (Hahn), development on broccoli, mustard, and rape, and feeding damage on broccoli. Duration of the first stadium was 4.9±0.6 days. Development times of the second through fifth instars reared on broccoli, mustard, and rape were not significantly different. However, preoviposition periods were shorter for nymphs reared on rape, 19.5±0.9 days, compared with mustard, 24.6±1.0 days. The average number of eggs per female (149) reared on broccoli had a hatch rate of 71%. Harlequin bug feeding damage was evaluated on broccoli with 5, 6, and 7 pairs of leaves. Densities of 3, 6, 9, and 12 bugs per plant were placed on broccoli with 6 or 7 pairs of leaves. Plants with 5 pairs of leaves were subjected to densities of 2, 4, 6, and 8 bugs per plant. Feeding damage resulted in death of all plant ages tested. The younger plants succumbed to feeding injury sooner than the older plants, and time to death of plants decreased as insect density increased. This trend was more apparent for broccoli plants with 7 pairs of leaves (20 cm tall), than the younger plants.
Histocompatibility (Hla) Antigens and Keratoplasty

In 84 cases of keratoplasty, all patients had densely vascularized corneas and a history of prior exposure to HLA antigens by pregnancy, blood transfusion, or previous transplantation. Donors were selected on the basis of a negative crossmatch to avoid donor antigens to which the recipient was preimmunized. The overall rate of graft failure from rejection was 15%. A retrospective analysis of donor-recipient HLA matching in 103 high-risk cases showed no consistent correlation between the number of antigens shared and graft outcome. These findings indicated negative cross-match to be important in donor selection for keratoplasty in high-risk cases.
Usefulness of Software Architecture Description Languages for Modeling and Analysis of Federates and Federation Architectures

Software architecture is high-level software design dealing with the structure and organization of large software systems. Architecture description languages (ADLs) are languages designed to represent software designs at the architecture level. ADLs are not widely used in the development of simulation systems. This research investigates the utility and effectiveness of ADLs for architecture-level design and analysis of simulation systems. Experimental applications of two ADLs to the specification and analysis of simulation architectures were conducted. Rapide was used to model the EnviroFed federation architecture and analyze data volume with and without interest management. Acme was used to model the ModSAF federate architecture and to analyze execution time at the component and federate levels in ModSAF. The experiments showed that ADLs could be used to discover important features of simulation system architectures.
Approximate solution to the natural convection heat transfer from a vertical plate

Abstract A new model for laminar natural convection heat transfer between an isothermal vertical plate to a power-law fluid is proposed. The difficulty caused by the fact that the momentum and energy equations are coupled is avoided by introducing an approximation based on the partial similarity between the velocity fields for forced and natural convections. The model proposed in this work agrees well with the available experimental data and correlations. Further, we have extended the analysis to turbulent natural convection heat transfer. The predicted turbulent heat transfer rates are in satisfactory agreement with the data and the correlations published in the literature.
Roles of protein kinase C isotypes during seawater-versus cAMP-induced oocyte maturation in a marine worm.

Based on immunoblotting analyses using phospho-specific antibodies, follicle-free oocytes of the marine nemertean worm Cerebratulus sp. activate protein kinase C (PKC) when induced to mature by either seawater (SW) or cAMP-elevating drugs. In SW-stimulated oocytes, the onset of maturation (=germinal vesicle breakdown, “GVBD”) can be inhibited by broadly acting PKC antagonists such as bisindoylmaleimide (BIM)-I or BIM-IX. Conversely, co-treatment with SW solutions of BIM-I or BIM-IX plus a cAMP elevator (forskolin, serotonin, or a phosphodiesterase inhibitor) restores GVBD, indicating that the blockage of SW-induced GVBD by PKC antagonists is not simply due to oocyte morbidity and that such inhibition is somehow reversible by cAMP signaling. In tests to determine which specific PKC may be involved in regulating GVBD, immunoblots fail to provide strong evidence for the presence of conventional or novel PKCs, which are characteristically activated by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Moreover, inhibitors of TPA-sensitive PKCs do not prevent SW-induced GVBD, and TPA itself serves to downregulate, rather than stimulate, GVBD. Alternatively, maturing oocytes apparently possess phosphorylated forms of TPA-insensitive isotypes, including an ∼67-kDa atypical PKC and an ∼130-kDa PKC-related kinase (PRK). Accordingly, inhibitors of atypical PKC signaling block SW-but not cAMP-induced GVBD, collectively suggesting that instead of depending on a conventional or novel isotype, SW-induced GVBD may require atypical PKC and/or PRK. In addition, such findings provide further support for the view that GVBD in nemertean oocytes can be achieved via multiple mechanisms, with SW triggering different signaling pathways than are stimulated in the presence of cAMP-elevating drugs. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 76: 693–707, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
An honors course on Alan M. Turing

In this paper, I share my experiences teaching a non-majors, upper-division honors course on Alan M. Turing during the fall semester of 2003.
ELEMENTARY PARTICLE REACTIONS

On the assumption that the quantum numbersA andB are conserved, a procedure has been devised for writing down all the reaction products composed of particles in Table I. Table III lists these reaction products up to four particles together with the production threshold when the projectile is a photon, electron, pion, kaon, anti-kaon, nucleon or anti-nucleon and the target is a stationary nucleon or a 25 MeV nucleon with momentum toward the projectile. Threshold energies have also been calculated for the Feldman two stage process.
Characterization of azobenzene polymer networks using in situ solid state NMR and temperature dependent photostriction

Azobenzene liquid crystal polymer networks (azo-LCNs) undergo a complex light-driven molecular conformation change of the azobenzene chromophore which imparts a macroscopic shape change within a glassy polymer network. To better understand molecular conformational changes which underlie macroscopic polymer deformation, we have collected solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data on 19F fluorinated side-chain azo-LCNs using an in situ visible light (450–458 nm) LED light source. We illustrate measurable changes in 19F NMR lineshapes under light irradiation, indicating that conformational changes can be probed by NMR. The measured effects of light on NMR spectra are also found to be reversible upon removal of the light source. We further show that sample heating does not affect azobenzene isomerization through analysis of temperature-dependent magic-angle-spinning NMR lineshapes. These results illustrate a narrowing of the lineshapes, but no change in the NMR peak positions, indicating that heating from 30 and 60 ° C affects molecular dynamics but does not change the azobenzene conformation. In addition to NMR data, benchtop photomechanical uni-axial measurements are taken over a temperature range from 23 to 60 ° C. Samples with the fluorinated side-chain azo-LCNs are compared to samples composed only of non-fluorinated main-chain azo-LCN composition. Similar stress relaxation was observed in both compositions under high pre-stretch. The amount of stress relaxation was found to depend on the pre-stretch, the ambient temperature, and the polarization of light.
Power at work: navigating hierarchies, teamwork and webs.

I explore tensions between the dynamics observed during a shadowing experience in a clinic and a hospital and theories of power and organizations. Commenting on what the tensions reveal about “power at work” (in the dual sense of how power works and power in the workplace), I suggest that some of the most gratifying experiences of workplace collaboration for healthcare professionals may occur as a result of their having successfully navigated complex coalitions of hierarchies, teams and webs rather than dutifully adhering to any single organizational structure.
Validity of observational studies in accountability analyses: the case of air pollution and life expectancy

In the context of accountability analysis, recently reported findings that changes in life expectancy were associated with changes in fine particulate matter air pollution, even controlling for changes in socioeconomic status, demographics, and smoking are useful and relevant. This and other air pollution accountability analyses, however, by necessity rely heavily on environmental observational epidemiology. Potential concerns pertaining to the use of environmental observational studies include mining of observational data sets by indiscriminant multiple testing, overinterpreting stratified or subgroup analysis, statistical model manipulation, and inadequate control of potential confounders. The validity of environmental observational epidemiology should be judged based on the specific merits of the individual studies. The analysis of the air pollution and life expectancy analysis are used as an example of an attempt to use appropriate statistical methods to glean useful information from real-world observational data.
Phase equilibria of oleic acid, methyl oleate, and anhydrous milk fat in supercritical carbon dioxide

Abstract A static recirculation method was developed and used to measure phase equilibria of binary, ternary, and multicomponent systems in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO 2 ). Binary fluid-liquid equilibria of oleic acid + SCCO 2 were experimentally determined at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at pressures between 3 and 31 MPa. Fluid-liquid equilibria of the binary system methyl oleate + SCCO 2 were also measured at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at pressures between 2 and 14 MPa. Finally, the phase equilibria of anhydrous milk fat (AMF) in SC-CO 2 were determined at 313.15 and 333.15 K and at pressures between 2 and 31 MPa. The data were correlated using the Peng-Robinson equation-of-state with the Panagiotopoulos and Reid mixing rule.
Crystal structures of human DNA polymerase beta complexed with DNA: implications for catalytic mechanism, processivity, and fidelity

Mammalian DNA polymerase β (pol β) is a small (39 kDa) DNA gap-filling enzyme that comprises an amino-terminal 8-kDa domain and a carboxy-terminal 31-kDa domain. In the work reported here, crystal structures of human pol β complexed with blunt-ended segments of DNA show that, although the crystals belong to a different space group, the DNA is nevertheless bound in the pol β binding channel in the same way as the DNA in previously reported structures of rat pol β complexed with a template−primer and ddCTP [Pelletier, H., Sawaya, M. R., Kumar, A., Wilson, S. H., & Kraut, J. (1994) Science 264, 1891−1903]. The 8-kDa domain is in one of three previously observed positions relative to the 31-kDa domain, suggesting that the 8-kDa domain may assume only a small number of stable conformations. The thumb subdomain is in a more open position in the human pol β−DNA binary complex than it is in the rat pol β−DNA−ddCTP ternary complex, and a closing thumb upon nucleotide binding could represent the rate-limiting confo...
Assessing the 1960s

After all the attention given at the time to the 1960s phenomena, one would now expect some scholarly, inclusive statements about student protest, New Left, and all the rest. Little, to my knowledge has appeared. Crisp histories, confessions of error by some participants, movies depicting loss of earlier visions seem to be the major examples. The three books at hand do not, per se, constitute the systematic, conceptually organized appraisals apropos for discussion in a sociological journal. Mostly historical narrative and biography, they do provide the seminal data for such comprehensive analysis. Written by participants with appropriate credentials for their efforts, these books are both appreciative and critical of the 1960s movements. The presentations, including the specific language utilized, provide provocative clues for comprehending the complex experiences of the era. The accounts are limited to the U.S. situation, however, offering little comparison with similar experiences in other countries, which should be of obvious relevance. Especially significant are the books' implicit challenges to common, stereotypical notions -the appealing cyclical interpretations of history and the "generation gap" formulas popular in the 1960s.2 The latter does receive some
The range effect as a function of stimulus set, presence of a standard, and modulus

The intramodal range effect (an inverse relationship between stimulus range and exponent in Stevens's power law) has been well documented, but its conditions have not been tested. Both the estimates of stimulus magnitudes and their exponents are affected by context, stimulus loca­ tion, and different standards and moduli, but how these variables might interact with the vari­ able of stimulus range has not been studied. In the present research, exponents were derived from magnitude estimates ofline length for each of three different stimulus ranges at two differ­ ent locations on the scale of length, with or without a modulus. Moduli of 50 and 500 permitted an analysis ofthe effect of response magnitude on the range effect. Because different ranges had stimulus values in common, the effect of range and location on exponents from those common values could be determined. Exponents decreased as stimulus range increased, but only in the free-modulus condition. For that condition, exponents derived from magnitude estimates of only the common stimuli also showed the range effect and response magnitude did not influence the range effect. Exponents were higher for stimulus ranges at the lower location, but location does not appear to contribute to the range effect. Although the range effect is not explained, the con­ ditions under which it holds and some factors that may influence it are considered. The intramodal range effect is the decrease in the ex­ ponent of S.S. Stevens' power law for a given target mo­ dality as the log stimulus range increases. The effect has been well documented (Ahlstrom & Baird, 1989; Engen, 1956; Engen & Levy, 1958; Foley, Cross, Foley, & Reeder, 1983; Jones & Woskow, 1966; Kunnapas, 1960; R. Teghtsoonian, 1973; R. Teghtsoonian & M. Teght­ soonian, 1978) for several stimulus continua, but not ex­ plained satisfactorily. The role of one factor-location of the stimulus range along the stimulus continuum-in de­ termining the range effect has only recently received at­ tention (Ahlstrom & Baird, 1989; Fagot & Pokorny, 1989; Foley et al., 1983; Foley, Cross, & O'Reilly, 1990; Marks, 1988). Response magnitude, a second factor that might contribute to the range effect, has not been studied systematically. In the present study, the effects of both stimulus location and response magnitude on the exponent for magnitude estimates oflength were explored in an at­ tempt to understand the range effect. Response range, a third factor that is often considered in explanations of the range effect (Poulton, 1989), is not directly manipulated. However, because response range may vary with response magnitude, its role in the range effect is considered.