cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pericarditis associated with Hemophilus influenzae type B pneumonia and bacteremia in two adults.

Two cases of pericarditis associated with Hemophilus influenzae bacteremia and pneumonia are reported and the literature reviewed. Both patients were treated with antibiotics alone and had resolution of their illnesses withoutapparent adverse sequelae. Neither patient required pericardial drainage. It is suggested that there is a stage in the development of H influenzae pericarditis at which antibiotic treatment alone can be curative.
Identity Styles and the Five-Factor Model of Personality

Abstract The purpose of this research was to locate the three identity styles in Berzonsky′s model within the five-factor model of personality. Berzonsky′s (1992) Identity Style Inventory and the NEO Personality Inventory (Costa & McCrae, 1985) were completed by 189 undergraduates. The information-orientated and normative identity style scales were positively related to extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness. Openness was positively related to the information-orientated identity style, but negatively related to the normative identity style. The diffused/avoidant style was positively related to neuroticism, but negatively related to agreeableness and conscientiousness.
Epiglottitis in adults

Acute epiglottitis has become a disease of adults, probably as a result of immunization of children against Haemophilus influenzae. This article is a review of the literature on epiglottitis, including signs and symptoms, investigation, differential diagnosis, and treatment in the emergency department. The microbiology is discussed and the importance of prophylaxis in exposed persons is stressed.
Returns and Pricing in Emerging Markets

This study estimates the significance of price-to-book, price-to-earnings, and market size as determinants of equity returns of 21 emerging equity markets over 1991–2000. Cross-sectional data indicate the significance of the P/BV ratio and market size, but pooled data results show the significance of only P/BV; these findings are similar to results in developed markets. Additional estimates confirm the insignificance of P/E ratio, thus proving the P/BV is a better predictor of equity returns. This study provides further insight into the discussion on the choice between P/BV and P/E.
The transmission of multiple RF signals in free-space optics using wavelength division multiplexing

Free-space optics (FSO) is a technology that uses modulated optical lasers to transmit information in a line-of-sight path through the atmosphere. To date, the major focus of FSO research and development has been toward the transmission of digital data, mostly for “last mile” applications. This paper investigates the simultaneous transportation of multiple analog radio frequency (RF) signals over a single FSO link using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology. Experimental measurements of optical peak power and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) indicate the suitability of FSO links for supporting WDM applications.
Antigenic Diversity of the Glycoprotein and Nucleocapsid Proteins of Rabies and Rabies-Related Viruses: Implications for Epidemiology and Control of Rabies

Rabies virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have served to describe operationally the topography of the antigenic structure of the glycoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins of rabies virus. With the use of nucleocapsid protein-specific MAbs and cleavage fragments of the nucleoprotein and phosphoprotein, it has been possible to identify the chemical structure of two antigenic sites of the nucleoprotein and one antigenic site of the phosphoprotein. Antisera produced to synthetic peptides that make up the structure of these antigenic sites exhibited reactivities similar to those of MAbs. Analysis of a large number of isolates of rabies virus from different animal species and from different geographic locations revealed that rabies viruses differ considerably in their antigenic structure and can be identified according to their characteristic reactivity patterns with MAbs. Analysis of field virus isolates has also revealed that strains of rabies virus generally are associated with only one or a few major mammalian hosts within any given geographic area. Protection experiments in mice have not demonstrated correlations between protective activity and degree of antigenic difference between the vaccine strain and the challenge virus. Therefore, changes in antigenic structure, as determined by analysis with rabies virus-specific MAbs, cannot predict whether a given rabies vaccine will protect against a particular field virus.
Synthesis of platelet-aggregating factor by human platelet microsomes.

Summary The microsomal fraction of human platelets catalyzed the conversion of arachidonic acid to an unstable factor that induced platelet aggregation. Formation of a polar product, similar in properties to thromboxane B γ , was also demonstrated. Indomethacin and fenoprofen (2-phenoxyphenyl-propionic acid) inhibited this enzymatic activity, while preincubation with enzyme protein was necessary for aspirin to exert an inhibitory effect.
Two cat expression vectors for cloning and generation of 3'- and 5'-deletion mutants.

The construction of two versatile cat vectors, pGK0CAT and pGKA10CAT, is reported. These vectors possess multiple cloning sites derived from the Bluescript pKS(+) plasmid that allow the cloning of diverse DNA fragments. From a single cloned insert, i.e., a putative promoter element, one can use the exonuclease III (ExoIII) and S1 or mung-bean nuclease method to generate sequential deletion mutants of the 3' and 5' region. Linker-scanning and internal deletion mutants can thus be created by using appropriate 3'- and 5'-deletion mutants. These plasmids could thus be used for the identification of cis-acting promoter or enhancer elements by either in vivo or in vitro transcriptional analyses. The ability of these vectors to generate deletion mutants from the 3' end make them suitable to identify cis-acting elements in the 5'-noncoding region of the mRNA involved in the translational regulation of protein synthesis. Single-stranded circular mutant plasmids could also be generated from these vectors to study various protein-DNA interactions.
PIKfyve-ArPIKfyve-Sac3 Core Complex: CONTACT SITES AND THEIR CONSEQUENCE FOR Sac3 PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY AND ENDOCYTIC MEMBRANE HOMEOSTASIS*

The phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P2) metabolizing enzymes, the kinase PIKfyve and the phosphatase Sac3, constitute a single multiprotein complex organized by the PIKfyve regulator ArPIKfyve and its ability to homodimerize. We previously established that PIKfyve is activated within the triple PIKfyve-ArPIKfyve-Sac3 (PAS) core. These data assign an atypical function for the phosphatase in PtdIns(3,5)P2 biosynthesis, thus raising the question of whether Sac3 retains its PtdIns(3,5)P2 hydrolyzing activity within the PAS complex. Herein, we address the issue of Sac3 functionality by a combination of biochemical and morphological assays in triple-transfected COS cells using a battery of truncated or point mutants of the three proteins. We identified the Cpn60_TCP1 domain of PIKfyve as a major determinant for associating the ArPIKfyve-Sac3 subcomplex. Neither Sac3 nor PIKfyve enzymatic activities affected the PAS complex formation or stability. Using the well established formation of aberrant cell vacuoles as a sensitive functional measure of localized PtdIns(3,5)P2 reduction, we observed a mitigated vacuolar phenotype by kinase-deficient PIKfyveK1831E if its ArPIKfyve-Sac3 binding region was deleted, suggesting reduced Sac3 access to, and turnover of PtdIns(3,5)P2. In contrast, PIKfyveK1831E, which displays intact ArPIKfyve-Sac3 binding, triggered a more severe vacuolar phenotype if coexpressed with ArPIKfyveWT-Sac3WT but minimal defects when coexpressed with ArPIKfyveWT and phosphatase-deficient Sac3D488A. These data indicate that Sac3 assembled in the PAS regulatory core complex is an active PtdIns(3,5)P2 phosphatase. Based on these and other data, presented herein, we propose a model of domain interactions within the PAS core and their role in regulating the enzymatic activities.
The John Insall Award: No Benefit of Minimally Invasive TKA on Gait and Strength Outcomes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background While some clinical reports suggest minimally invasive surgical (MIS) techniques improve recovery and reduce pain in the first months after TKA, it is unclear whether it improves gait and thigh muscle strength.
Formal entrepreneurship theory in economics: Existence and bounds

Abstract Theoretical analysis often can penetrate difficult economic problems in circumstances where common sense is an unreliable guide to decision making. This paper provides some new theoretical problems related to entrepreneurial decisions and behavior. For example, it investigates the optimal timing of the introduction of an innovation. Typically, in practice, innovation is a continuous process. The longer the delay in the transfer of a new product from the R&D facilities to manufacturing and marketing, the more the product is likely to be improved.But that delay also gives competitors an enhanced opportunity to get there first. This paper shows how this trade-off can be analyzed systematically, and yields some surprising results about the optimal decision on the timing of the introduction of the new product.
Radiant intensity from inhomogeneous sources and the concept of averaged cross-spectral density

Abstract The averaged cross-spectral density function is introduced and used to consider the radiation properties of general inhomogeneous sources. It is shown that the radiant intensity from sources that are at least regionally homogeneous results principally from only the coherence properties of the sources.
MR imaging of tubo-ovarian abscess.

Purpose, and Material and Methods: MR findings of 9 surgically proven tubo-ovarian abscesses were analyzed in 8 patients. The images were evaluated for signal intensity characteristics and morphologic appearance of the mass, and presence of secondary changes in adjacent pelvic organs and structures.Results: The signal intensity of the lesions on T1-weighted images was hy-pointense to the surrounding muscle and myometrium in 5 patients, isointense in 3. and hyperintense in 1. On T2-weighted images the signal intensity was hyperintense (n = 6) or heterogeneous (n = 3). A thin rim (1–3 mm) with hyperintensity on T1-weighted images was noted in the innermost aspect of the masses. Other findings were ill-defined margin, thickened wall, multiple internal septa, shading and gas collection. “Mesh-like” linear strands were noted in the pelvis in all patients, with involvement of adjacent pelvic organs in 7 and lymphadenopathy in 3.Conclusions: In this limited number of cases MR imaging showed great potential for d...
Specificity of the Na+-dependent monocarboxylic acid transport pathway in rabbit renal brush border membranes

The substrate specificity of a Na+-dependent transport pathway forl-lactate was studied in rabbit renal brush border membrane vesicles.J max forl-lactate transport was unaffected by the presence of a fixed concentration of two different short-chain monocarboxylic acids, while the apparentK t (K a ) forl-lactate increased, and this is compatible with competitive inhibition. The inhibitor constants (“K i ”'s) for the transport pathway for the two solutes examined closely corresponded to the respective “K i ”'s derived from a Dixon plot. A broad range of compounds were then tested as potential inhibitors ofl-lactate transport, and the “K i ”'s thereby derived yielded specific information regarding optimal substrate recognition by the carrier. A single carboxyl group is an absolute requirement for recognition, and preference is given to 3 to 6 C chain molecules. Addition of ketone, hydroxyl and, particularly, amine groups at any carbon position, diminishes substrate-carrier interaction. Intramolecular forces, notably the inductive effects of halogens, may play a role in enhancing substrate-carrier interaction; however, no correlation was found between pK a and “K i ” for the substrates examined. We conclude that a separate monocarboxylic acid transport pathway, discrete from either thed-glucose, α or β neutral amino-acid, or dicarboxylic acid carriers, exists in the renal brush border, and this handles a broad range of monocarboxylates.
Researching English Language and Literacy Development in Schools

There is a curious disjuncture in the current discourse(s) on the schooling of immigrant and minority students. The official discourse, as has been communicated through the federal No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 rhetoric and the concomitant focus on standards and assessment, says that minority children, especially English language learners (ELLs) must gain “standard” English language skills in an unreasonably short time frame, while achieving on par with native English speaking students in academic content areas. Policy decisions at federal, state, and local levels are being made without input from educational researchers and professionals who have expertise in these areas. However, even within educational circles there is heated debate about how best to educate ELLs, and what “best practices” and “best programs” look like.
Expression of glia maturation factor β mRNA and protein in rat organs and cells

Rat glia maturation factor beta (GMF-beta) cDNA was obtained by reverse transcription of rat brain mRNA followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification, using primers from the human sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of rat GMF-beta differed from the human counterpart in only three places: His27 in place of Asn, Val51 in place of Ile, and Leu93 in place of Val. The high degree of evolutionary conservation suggests that GMF-beta plays an essential role in animal cell physiology. The expression of GMF-beta mRNA in the rat was studied by the northern blot technique, using a rat cRNA probe corresponding to the entire coding region. GMF-beta mRNA was predominantly expressed in the brain and spinal cord, although trace levels were found in other organs, including testis and ovary. In the brain GMF-beta mRNA was detectable at as early as embryonic day 10, and persisted through as late as postnatal month 14, with minor variations in between. On the other hand, GMF-beta protein exhibited more obvious developmental changes, with its level increasing slowly prenatally and plateauing at 1 week after birth. GMF-beta mRNA and protein were also observed in several cultured cells. Some cells of neural origin contained higher levels of GMF-beta protein compared with cells derived from other sources. Through demonstration of mRNA and confirmation by immunoblotting, we conclude that GMF-beta is synthesized by rat organs and that GMF-beta is predominantly a brain protein.
An Introduction to Cognitive Grammar

Cognitive grammar takes a nonstandard view of linguistic semantics and grammatical structure. Meaning is equated with conceptualization. Semantic structures are characterized relative to cognitive domains, and derive their value by construing the content of these domains in a specific fashion. Grammar is not a distinct level of linguistic representation, but reduces instead to the structuring and symbolization of conceptual content. All grammatical units are symbolic: Basic categories (e.g., noun and verb) are held to be nationally definable, and grammatical rules are analyzed as symbolic units that are both complex and schematic. These concepts permit a revealing account of grammatical composition with notable descriptive advantages.
Computer Simulation of Fracture in Aerogels

Aerogels are of interest to the aerospace community primarily for their thermal properties, notably their low thermal conductivities. While the gels are typically fragile, recent advances in the application of conformal polymer layers to these gels has made them potentially useful as lightweight structural materials as well. In this work, we investigate the strength and fracture behavior of silica aerogels using a molecular statics-based computer simulation technique. The gels' structure is simulated via a Diffusion Limited Cluster Aggregation (DLCA) algorithm, which produces fractal structures representing experimentally observed aggregates of so-called secondary particles, themselves composed of amorphous silica primary particles an order of magnitude smaller. We have performed multi-length-scale simulations of fracture in silica aerogels, in which the interaction b e e n two secondary particles is assumed to be described by a Morse pair potential parameterized such that the potential range is much smaller than the secondary particle size. These Morse parameters are obtained by atomistic simulation of models of the experimentally-observed amorphous silica "bridges," with the fracture behavior of these bridges modeled via molecular statics using a Morse/Coulomb potential for silica. We consider the energetics of the fracture, and compare qualitative features of low-and high-density gel fracture.
Atrial septal defects: clinical presentation and recent approach in its diagnosis and treatment

Objective This study aimed to review the atrial septal defects (ASDs), describing their types, presentations, and different lines of management. Data summary ASDs are the second most common congenital lesion in adults (after bicuspid aortic valves). They represent ∼7% of all cardiac anomalies. Transcatheter closure of a secundum ASD is now widely accepted as an alternative to surgical closure. With currently available devices and techniques, ∼80-90% of secundum ASDs can be closed percutaneously. In this review, we summarize the literatures of ASD in terms of its closure. Conclusion Closure of secundum ASD percutaneously has become the standard of care in pediatric and adult patients. Patients of all ages experience reduction in pulmonary artery pressure and right ventricular size, and an improvement in functional capacity after percutaneous device closure of ASD, and these improvements appear to be greater if the defect is closed earlier.
Group Therapy at a Prison for Women: A Therapist's Perspective

A wide range of issues are explored that are identified by incarcerated mothers during their participation in a Family Reunification Group at a prison for women. They include concerns regarding parent–child visits; lack of communication by child welfare social workers, attorneys, foster parents, and other caregivers; the Adoption and Safe Families Act (ASFA); lack of finances; past and present unresolved trauma issues; and the absence of notification of scheduled court hearings. This article also provides an in-depth look at how a group therapist established a therapeutic alliance with varied women in the group over a period of 5 years (2008–2013) and maintained a sense of professional self in this controlled setting. Finally, the implications for clinical social work practice and social work education are presented. Confidentiality is ensured with the use of de-identified case composite clinical material.
Special microbiology written reports

Abstract The use of consultative and interpretative reports highlights the importance of the microbiology laboratory and the laboratory director. Such reports have the potential to improve patient care by enhancing the understanding of laboratory data. Reports in our laboratories that are written by doctoral scientists are reviewed and cosigned by physician pathologists to ensure compliance with billing requirements. All reports originate with a specimen sent for testing and a request or question about the result by the clinician. The test ordered and the requesting physician are named on the written report. Reports focus on an interpretation of a laboratory result, not on a specific medical diagnosis and treatment plan. Not all reports are billed. Whether or not to bill is decided by the person writing the report. Laboratory scientists and pathologists alike are insured by our employer. Consultative and interpretative microbiology reports are judiciously used (3 to 5 per wk) and have been readily accepted by our medical staff. Their impact has helped microbiology professionals secure their place in the rapidly changing world of medical care.
Some Applications of Finite Fields

We give two applications of finite fields: to construct multiple-error-correcting codes, and to construct sets of pairwise orthogonal Latin squares. The codes are widely used, from coding satellite transmission data to recording compact disks; the Latin squares are used in statistical design of experiments, for example, in agricultural research.
Victims and Victims' Rights Activists: Attitudes Toward Criminal Justice Officials and Victim-Related Issues:

Grass-roots victims' rights organizations have had substantial success in recent years regarding legislative changes supportive of victim issues. The movement, however, has avoided empirical scrutiny, perhaps due to the diverse nature of local groups. This paper compares data collected from one of these organizations in a Southern state with a sample of non-activist victims. Demographic and attitudinal data reveal significant differences between activist and nonactivist victims. The analysis suggests that, due to such differences, the victims' rights movement may not adequately represent the needs or desires of all victims. Instead, depending upon the demographic composition of local victims groups, the focus of advocated legislative change may vary significantly.
Elevational gradients in ant species richness: area, geometry, and Rapoport's rule

Studying the distributions of plants and animals along environmental gradients can illuminate the factors governing and maintaining species diversity. There are two general predictions of how species richness and elevation are related: either species richness decreases monotonically with increasing elevation or richness peaks at mid-elevations. Several processes might contribute to this pattern. In this paper, I examine patterns in ant species richness along elevational gradients in three states in the western US: Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. I test for the effects of available area and the geometric constraints model on species richness patterns. I also test Rapoport's rescue hypothesis, which relates the extent of species' elevational ranges to patterns in species richness. In each state, species richness peaked at mid-elevations. Area explained more variation in species richness than the geometric constraints model in Colorado and Utah, but not in Nevada. Area and geometric constraints together explained 90%, 99%, and 57% of the variation in species richness in Colorado, Nevada, and Utah, respectively. Even though there were peaks at mid-elevations, I still found a strong Rapoport effect. This work suggests that the influences of area and geometric constraints cannot be overlooked when examining patterns in species richness along environmental gradients.
Mks1p is a regulator of nitrogen catabolism upstream of Ure2p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

The supply of nitrogen regulates yeast genes affecting nitrogen catabolism, pseudohyphal growth, and meiotic sporulation. Ure2p of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a negative regulator of nitrogen catabolism that inhibits Gln3p, a positive regulator of DAL5 , and other genes of nitrogen assimilation. Dal5p, the allantoate permease, allows ureidosuccinate uptake (Usa + ) when cells grow on a poor nitrogen source such as proline. We find that overproduction of Mks1p allows uptake of ureidosuccinate on ammonia and lack of Mks1p prevents uptake of ureidosuccinate or Dal5p expression on proline. Overexpression of Mks1p does not affect cellular levels of Ure2p. An mks1 ure2 double mutant can take up ureidosuccinate on either ammonia or proline. Moreover, overexpression of Ure2p suppresses the ability of Mks1p overexpression to allow ureidosuccinate uptake on ammonia. These results suggest that Mks1p is involved in nitrogen control upstream of Ure2p as follows: NH 3 2ADE; Mks1p 2ADE; Ure2p 2ADE; Gln3p → DAL5. Either overproduction of Mks1p or deletion of MKS1 interferes with pseudohyphal growth.
Contribution of PDZD8 to stabilization of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid.

UNLABELLED Following human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) entry into the host cell, the viral capsid gradually disassembles in a process called uncoating. A proper rate of uncoating is important for reverse transcription of the HIV-1 genome. Host restriction factors such as TRIM5α and TRIMCyp bind retroviral capsids and cause premature disassembly, leading to blocks in reverse transcription. Other host factors, such as cyclophilin A, stabilize the HIV-1 capsid and are required for efficient infection in some cell types. Here, we show that a heat-labile factor greater than 100 kDa in the cytoplasm of cells from multiple vertebrate species slows the spontaneous disassembly of HIV-1 capsid-nucleocapsid (CA-NC) complexes in vitro. We identified the PDZ domain-containing protein 8 (PDZD8) as a critical component of the capsid-stabilizing activity in the cytoplasmic extracts. PDZD8 has been previously reported to bind the HIV-1 Gag polyprotein and to make a positive contribution to the efficiency of HIV-1 infection (M. S. Henning, S. G. Morham, S. P. Goff, and M. H. Naghavi, J. Virol. 84:: 8990-8995, 2010, doi:10.1128/JVI.00843-10). PDZD8 knockdown accelerated the disassembly of HIV-1 capsids in infected cells, resulting in decreased reverse transcription. The PDZD8 coiled-coil domain is sufficient for HIV-1 capsid binding, but other parts of the protein, including the PDZ domain, are apparently required for stabilizing the capsid and supporting HIV-1 infection. In summary, PDZD8 interacts with and stabilizes the HIV-1 capsid and thus represents a potentially targetable host cofactor for HIV-1 infection. IMPORTANCE After human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gains access to the interior of the target cell, host cell factors can influence virus infection in either a positive or negative way. HIV-1 depends upon certain host cell factors to assist processes that are required for virus replication. One example of such a host factor is PDZD8. This work shows that PDZD8 helps to stabilize the HIV-1 capsid, a huge complex of the viral RNA, enzymes, and protein. When PDZD8 is prevented from interacting with the HIV-1 capsid, the capsid becomes unstable and HIV-1 infection is inhibited. These results show that PDZD8 regulates the uncoating of the HIV-1 capsid. Interfering with the interaction of PDZD8 and capsid could prove to be a useful strategy for intervening in HIV-1 infection and transmission.
SEL-10/Fbw7-dependent negative feedback regulation of LIN-45/Braf signaling in C. elegans via a conserved phosphodegron

The conserved E3 ubiquitin ligase component named SEL-10 in Caenorhabditis elegans and Fbw7 in mammals targets substrates for ubiquitin-mediated degradation through a high-affinity binding site called a Cdc4 phosphodegron (CPD). As many known substrates of Fbw7 are oncoproteins, the identification of new substrates may offer insight into cancer biology as well as aspects of proteome regulation. Here, we evaluated whether the presence of an evolutionarily conserved CPD would be a feasible complement to proteomics-based approaches for identifying new potential substrates. For functional assessments, we focused on LIN-45, a component of the signal transduction pathway underlying vulval induction and the ortholog of human Braf, an effector of Ras in numerous cancers. Our analysis demonstrates that LIN-45 behaves as a bona fide substrate of SEL-10, with mutation of the CPD or loss of sel-10 resulting in increased activity and protein stability in vivo. Furthermore, during vulval induction, the downstream kinase MPK-1/ERK is also required for LIN-45 protein degradation in a negative feedback loop, resulting in degradation of LIN-45 where ERK is highly active. As the CPD consensus sequence is conserved in human Braf, we propose that Fbw7 may also regulate Braf stability in some cell contexts. We discuss the implications of our findings for vulval development in C. elegans, the potential applicability to human Braf, and the value of a CPD-based predictive approach for human Fbw7 substrates.
The Goblin Spider Genus Pescennina (Araneae, Oonopidae)

ABSTRACT The goblin spider genus Pescennina Simon has been known only from females of its type species from Venezuela, whereas the more recently described genus Marsupopaea Cooke has been known only from males taken in Colombia. Discovery of the missing sexes, in both cases, indicates that these spiders belong to the Scaphiella complex; males have dorsal abdominal scuta that are absent in females. The presence, in the males of both type species, of a terminal, coiled embolus that can be held in an excavated “pouch” at the anterior edge of the sternum and is matched by coiled anterior ducts in the female genitalia, suggests that these taxa are congeneric. Marsupopaea is therefore newly synonymized with Pescennina, and its type species, M. sturmi Cooke, is placed as a junior synonym of P. cupida (Keyserling). Species of Pescennina occur widely in North, Central, and South America; many are apparently ant mimics, with color patterns (and sometimes a constricted abdomen) that enhance their antlike appearance....
Psychopharmacologic Management of Anxiety in the Cardiac Patient

Of 253 patients who had suffered acute myocardial infarction (MI), 88 percent received daytime sedation while hospitalized. Sixty percent of all prescriptions were for phenobarbital, 30 percent for chlordiazepoxide, and 6 percent for meprobamate. In addition, 79 percent of patients received night time hypnotic medication. Sixty-six percent of such prescriptions were for short-acting barbiturates, 21 percent for chloral hydrate, and 7 percent for diphenhydramine. Multiple drug use was common.The barbiturates, while inexpensive sedative agents, are of questionable efficacy in reducing anxiety and probably produce only general CNS depression. A narrow margin of safety, liability to produce habituation, and antagonism of warfarin-type anticoagulants are other disadvantages. The benzodiazepine tranquilizers, whose antianxiety efficacy is more clearly established, do not produce general CNS depression, have a wide margin of safety, and do not interact with oral anticoagulants.Antidepressant agents, phenothiazin...
The Future of Serials Cataloging, CONSER and the ISSN: Conversations from the Field

What does the future hold for the shape of serials to come and for cataloging these and other continuing resources? How should cataloging change to cope with still-unknown types of continuing resources? Will there still be a need for cataloging? For CONSER? For ISSN? How can libraries position themselves to partner with nonlibrary metadata creators in a future linked data environment? Four serials experts discuss these and other questions in a free-ranging conversation about the future of serials cataloging.
The Communicative Power of Product Packaging: Creating Brand Identity via Lived and Mediated Experience

Building on existing frameworks (customer-based brand equity, consumer-brand relationships, product symbolism/self concept), this paper forwards packaging as a product-related attribute critical to...
Internal Stress-Induced Orthorhombic Phase in 5-Fold-Twinned Noble Metal Nanowires

We use atomistic simulations to show that 5-fold-twinned nanowires of several face-centered cubic metals (Ag, Au, Cu, and Pd) exhibit an overall body-centered orthorhombic phase resulting from the large internal stress associated with their twinned structure. The distribution of atomic stress in the nanowires confirms the existence of a disclination at the 5-fold axis, in addition to an anisotropic distortion of the lattice. We find that two regions of the nanowire are highly stressed: local stress maxima are distributed in the shape of leaflets running along each twin boundary, as well as in semicircular regions near the free surfaces. The large elastic strain energy associated with the distortion may be partially released via the formation and propagation of partial dislocations, which are restricted to a single subunit of the nanowire. Our calculations are in line with experiment and indicate the complex ways in which the structures of these metal nanocrystals can depend on their shape.
Pushing the envelope of associative learning: Internal representations and dynamic competition transform association into development

Work in learning word meanings has argued that associative learning mechanisms are insufficient because word learning is too fast, confronts too much ambiguity, or is based on social principles. This critiques an outdated view of association, focusing on the information being learned, not the mechanism of learning. The authors present a model that embeds association learning in a richer system, which includes both internal representations to and real-time competition that enable it to select the referent of novel and familiar words. A series of simulations validate these theoretical assumptions showing better learning and novel word inference when both factors are present. The authors then use this model to understand the apparent rapidity of word learning and value of high and low informative learning situations. Finally, the authors scale the model up to examine interactions between auditory and visual categorization and account for conflicting results as to whether words help or hinder categorization.
Trusting Different Information Sources in a Weather Scenario: A Platform for Computational Simulation

Thinking about a scenario with possible risk of flooding and landslides caused by weather conditions, it results really interesting to investigate the way in which citizens take decisions on the basis of different information sources they can access. In this work we start describing a platform we realized in order to study this social phenomenon. Then we present some simulative experiments showing how a population of cognitive agents trusting in a different way their information sources can make decisions more or less suited to the several weather patterns. The complexity of decisions is based on the fact that the agents differently trust the various sources of information, which in turn may be differently trustworthy. In our simulations we analyse some interesting case studies, with particular reference to social agents that need to wait others in order to make decision.
Analysis of clinical characteristics of acute cerebral infarction complicated with metabolic syndrome

Objective To explore the relationship between metabolic syndrome and acute cerebral infarction. Methods 222 patients with acute cerebral infarction were confirmed by brain CT or MRI. According to the revised ATPⅢ definition, the patients were divided into two groups: metabolic syndrome group (MS,n=132) and non-metabolic syndrome group(nMS,n=90). Results In MS group,the rates of smoking and drinking were high and the rate of recurrence of cerebral infarction was much higher (37.1%) than that in nMS group (17.8%).Compared with the nMS group, the BMI,FBG and TG increased while HDL-C decreased significantly in patients with MS group. Fibrinogen was also found elevated in MS group. Carotid and vertebral atherosclerosis especially plaques were detected much more in MS group than in nMS group. Conclusion MS increases incidence of atherosclerosis and plays an important role in cerebral infarction.
Unmanned? The Bodily Harms and Moral Valor of Drone Warfare

As unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or drones continue to play a critical role in U.S. military strategy; numerous public debates have arisen regarding their legal and moral status. One of the lesser discussed yet important questions to arise in these debates are whether drone warfare—by virtue of its disembodied character and remote proximity to the physical battlefield—is as dangerous as manned combat and thus ultimately deleterious to the cultivation of martial courage. The purpose of this paper is to respond to this question in two ways. First, it will argue that drone pilots are indeed required to demonstrate a form of bodily courage insofar as they sustain injuries both to their bodies and moral consciences at the same rate as their live theater counterparts. Second, it will also make the claim that it is precisely because drone warfare is remote and disembodied that it requires not just the cultivation of martial valor but moral valor as well. Thus rather than ushering in a post-heroic era of warfare, drone warfare makes the virtue of courage all the more central and important.
TIDAL CURRENTS IN CONSTRICTED INLETS

Many inlets along the coastline of North America are deep, wide bays which are connected to the ocean by a short channel of much smaller cross-section. Figure 1 is a schematic sketch of such an inlet. It is usual in these inlets that the tide curve (water surface elevation vs. time) in the bay does not coincide with that in the ocean. The range of variation is discussed by Caldwell (1) in a review of inlets in the United States. In addition, Caldwell classifies this type of inlet as one with an inadequate entrance. This term describes well the engineering problem encountered in most of them. There are high velocities in the entrance channel, usually near periods of slack water, which are inconvenient to navigation. In some instances these velocities combined with local geography constitute a serious hazard to shipping.
HCP-23PROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF CAREGIVER PERCEPTIONS OF END-OF-LIFE CARE IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH GRADE GLIOMA

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the quality of life experienced by patients and caregivers in the end-of-life (EoL) stage of patients with high grade glioma (HGG). The goal of this study is to understand caregiver perceptions of EoL care of HGG patients in the final 30 days. METHODS: A prospective observational study for patients with HGG and their caregivers was performed. Caregivers were called every 2 weeks during EoL phase and one month after death to participate in the Toolkit After-Death Bereaved Family Member Interview, part of the Toolkit of Instruments to Measure End-of-Life Care (TIME survey). RESULTS: 25 out of 30 caregivers completed the TIME interview. All patients were followed by hospice at time of death. Twenty-one patients (84%) died at home, 2 (8%) at an inpatient hospice and 2(8%) at a care facility. Thirteen patients (52%) had a durable power of attorney but only 2(8%) had a living will. Twenty-one patients (84%) lost consciousness prior to death at a median of 4 days (range 1-7). Overall care from hospice was well perceived well and measured with 5 questions, using a Likert scale (0-10, 10 the best): communication (8.6±1.44), respected wishes (9.4±1.12), symptoms controlled (8.8±1.63), died with dignity (9.6±1.08), providing emotional support (8.2±1.61), best care possible (8.7±1.22). Based on Time survey domain scores, caregivers felt that "care coordination" and "informing and decision making" were handled well while "advanced care planning", "focus on individual" and "attention to family" could be slightly improved. CONCLUSIONS: Caregivers were overall satisfied with the EoL care received by patients. Only about half of all patients had a power of attorney in place and 8% had documented their EoL wishes. Earlier palliative care interventions might help to better direct end of life wishes and to improve attention to caregiver needs.
Spirituality and health outcomes among police officers: empirical evidence supporting a paradigm shift

AbstractThe negative impact of traumatic and other work-related stressors on the health of police officers is well-documented. Spiritual development is also commonly mentioned in the professional literature as an effective means of protecting officers from the ill-effects of policing, reportedly resulting in improved health and wellness outcomes. However, few empirical studies have been conducted to support claims regarding spirituality and police officer health. The present study investigated what types of spiritual practices police officers used, the relationships between spiritual effort and spiritual growth regarding various psychological and stress-related symptomatology, and whether differences in psychological and health outcomes existed between police officers engaging or not engaging in spiritual practice (N = 193). With one exception, the results do not support the notion that enhanced spirituality is associated with lower illness symptoms or perceived stress. Rather, opposing findings were demo...
O-038 Differential Inter-strain Susceptibility to Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia in a Mouse Model

Purpose To investigate the differential susceptibility to elastase-induced vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) induction in two different mouse strains. Materials and methods 25 milliunit elastase was injected into the cisterna magna in C57BL/6 J (n = 48) and 129/SvEv (SV129) (n = 48) mice by injection of. At 3, 7, 14 and 28 days following elastase injection, MicroFil® polymer perfusion was performed. The arterial tortuosity index (TI) and the percentage increase in the diameter were calculated for basilar artery (BA). Arterial samples were processed for conventional histology, immunostaining and matrix metalloprotease (MMP) expression using gel zymography. A ≥50% increase in diameter and TI ≥ 10 of BA were used to indicate success in achieving VBD. Robust ANOVA using the Huber M-estimator was used to compare the effects of strain and time on % BA increase and TI. Comparison of VBD formation between groups was performed using Fisher9s exact test. Results Successful VBD induction was noted in 67% (18 of 27) C57BL/6 J strains vs 0% (0 of 19) in SV129 strains (P Conclusion C57BL/6 J mice demonstrated greater susceptibility to VBD induction than SV129 mice. Disclosures Y. Zhu: None. H. Xing: None. D. Dai: None. D. Kallmes: None. R. Kadirvel: None.
Transcriptional response to West Nile virus infection in the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata), a songbird model for immune function: Data

The data set contains paired-end, 100 nucleotide long RNA sequencing reads for each sample. Raw sequencing reads ranged from 18-30million reads per sample. Quality trimmed reads were mapped to the Zebra Finch reference genome with an average of 79.0-80.8% mapping rate, corresponding to 18,618 Ensembl gene IDs. Of these, 14,114 genes averaged at least 5 mapped reads across all samples and were utilized for differential expression (DE) analyses. DE analyzed two ways: as pairwise comparisons between treatments to identify specific genes with DEseq2 and as a time course grouping genes into expression paths with EBSeqHMM.
Quantum-coherence-enhanced transient surface plasmon lasing

Quantum coherence and interference offer novel pathways to control light–matter interaction at the atomic scale, with enticing prospects in both fundamental and applied science. Here, we demonstrate coherent control over transient excitation of localized surface plasmon modes of a silver nanosphere adjacent to a quantum coherence medium composed of three-level quantum emitters, using a theoretical approach. We show that quantum interference enables more than two orders of magnitude enhancement in the surface plasmon field generated when the quantum emitters are driven coherently, in comparison to incoherent pumping. Furthermore, under optimal conditions, intense surface plasmon lasing can be induced without population inversion on the spasing transition. Our results open up the possibility of overcoming dissipative losses in plasmonic modes in the transient regime when steady-state population inversion is difficult to achieve due to fast relaxation rates and impractical pumping requirements.
Assessment of Front-Substituted Zwitterionic Cyanine Polymethines for All-Optical Switching Applications

Cyanine dyes in dilute solution have demonstrated the required third-order nonlinear optical properties necessary for all-optical switching (AOS) applications. However, in the solid state, interactions between the cyanine and its counterion typically induce significant geometric and electronic changes. When the counterion localizes toward one end of the cyanine, symmetry is broken and the figure-of-merit for AOS is dramatically reduced. Here, we use quantum-chemical methods to assess zwitterionic cyanines based on the heptamethine thiopyrylium dye as a means to eliminate untethered counterion interactions. In these zwitterionic systems, rigid π-conjugated substituents oppositely charged to the cyanine backbone are added to the thiopyrylium central carbon atom. For substituents that are unable to retain their anionic charge, and thus have a lower degree of zwitterionic character, electronic coupling between the substituent and cyanine backbone leads to profound geometry modifications and the thiopyrylium e...
Leaders of the Pack: Girl Groups of the 1960s and Their Influence on Popular Culture in Britain and America Sean MacLeod. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.

Leaders of the Pack: Girl Groups of the 1960s and Their Influence on Popular Culture in Britain and America Sean MacLeod. Rowman & Littlefield, 2015.In the introduction to this superb book, Sean MacLeod describes the awakening he experienced after an acquaintance passed him a compact disc containing a number of Shangri-Las songs. MacLeod, writing now as a professional songwriter and lecturer at Limerick College in Ireland, remembers hearing the music again for the first time since his random encounters with it as a youth. He immediately recognized the songs as "fresh and exciting" and "familiar" all at once (xiv). MacLeod admits the production value of the music and the way the songs expressed anxieties about transitions (i.e., childhood to adulthood, innocence to knowing, dependence to independence) struck him in particular. As he listened, he fell in love with the sound, the lyrical content, and the emotion of it all. "What a pity," he writes, "that I had not discovered the music when I was a teenager, at the same time that I had learned of those other male sixties groups that were an integral part of my growing up" (xv).After investigating further, MacLeod determined that critics of the time overlooked this music because they deemed it to be "unimportant, frivolous, or uninteresting musically, socially, and politically" (xv). MacLeod disagrees, citing the influence of such groups on bands like the Beatles, the Beach Boys, Blondie, the Ramones, and even Madonna and Destiny's Child as grounds for why overlooking the works of these artists was gravely misguided.In writing this book, MacLeod joins a small chorus of others writing on the music of the girl groups of the 1960s. The work of contemporaries such as Alan Betrock, Jacqueline Warwick, and John Clemente are featured throughout MacLeod's book. Betrock's Girl Groups: The Story of a Sound (1983) and Clemente's Girl Groups: Fabulous Females That Rocked the World (2000) present what MacLeod considers a "resume" of the work done by the girl groups of the 1960s. Jacqueline Warwick's Girl Groups, Girl Culture: Popular Music and Identity in the 1960s (2007) differs in that it situates the girl groups of the 1960s in the social and cultural moments of the decade. Separately, these texts examine both major and minor players of the era.Leaders of the Pack picks up where Warwick's book leaves off before it ultimately stretches to encompass later twentieth- and twenty-first century artists as well. …