cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Torque Control of Variable Speed Wind Turbines

The primary focus of this work is a new adaptive controller that is designed to resemble the standard non-adaptive controller used by the wind industry for variable speed wind turbines below rated power. This adaptive controller uses a simple, highly intuitive gain adaptation law designed to seek out the optimal gain for maximizing the turbine's energy capture. It is designed to work even in real, time-varying winds.
Turbo code codec implementation and performance in a software radio

A turbo code codec is implemented as a portion of a modem in a software radio. The performance of this software radio is tested in a Monte Carlo simulation and on a hardware testbed. The codec uses two punctured rate 1/2 constituent codes and a 16383-bit pseudo-random interleaver to produce a net rate /spl sim/1/2 turbo code. The modem generates a binary phase-shift keyed modulation on a 200 kHz carrier. Frame headers are inserted between interleaver blocks for synchronization of the receiver's deinterleaver and to detect loss of carrier or symbol synchronization. Bit error rate performance curves are reported. The Monte Carlo simulation shows an implementation loss of about 0.5 dB at threshold (i.e., an E/sub b//N/sub 0/ of about 1 dB). This implementation loss is attributed to carrier and bit synchronization errors. The hardware testbed displayed a total implementation loss of about 2.5 dB. The additional 2 dB loss over the Monte Carlo results can be attributed to detector mismatch and intersymbol interference caused by unmodeled band-limiting filters of the hardware. Some of these filter-induced losses should be recoverable if an equalizer is added to the modem software.
Electronic sizing and counting of bacteria

An electronic apparatus is described that permits rapid determination of the concentration and size distribution of bacteria in electrolyte suspensions by a resistance method. The resulting size-concentration distribution may be displayed on an oscilloscope and recorded with an X–Y plotter and an electric typewriter-tape punch unit. The paper tape is analyzed with a computer program. Comparisons are made between electronic measurements of bacterial cell concentration and size distribution and values obtained by other methods. Effects of heat-killing and disruption of the cell membrane on the electrical counting characteristics of the organisms are discussed.
Rotator Cuff Deficient Arthritis of the Glenohumeral Joint

Rotator cuff deficient arthritis of the glenohumeral joint, especially cuff tear arthropathy, has proved a challenging clinical entity for orthopaedic surgeons ever since Charles Neer originally detailed the problem in 1983. Understanding has improved regarding the pathophysiology and pathomechanics underlying cuff tear arthropathy. Surgical reconstruction options can lead to excellent outcomes for patients afflicted with these painful and functionally limited shoulders. Humeral hemiarthroplasty and reverse total shoulder arthroplasty have jumped to the forefront in the treatment of cuff tear arthropathy. As studies continue to look at the results of these procedures in cuff tear arthropathy, existing indications and treatment algorithms will be further refined. In this article the history and pathophysiology of cuff tear arthropathy are reviewed. Additionally, the clinical findings and results of surgical reconstruction are discussed.
Intravascular Lymphomatosis (Malignant Angioendotheliomatosis) Presenting as Pulmonary Hypertension

Intravascular lymphomatosis is a rare lymphoma characterized by proliferation of malignant cells within the lumen of small blood vessels. We describe a case of intravascular lymphomatosis resulting in pulmonary hypertension, hypoxemia, and dyspnea. This lymphoma occasionally responds to combination chemotherapy, suggesting that pulmonary hypertension secondary to intravascular lymphomatosis may be reversible. Intravascular lymphomatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.
Joint Recognition of Complex Events and Track Matching

We present a novel method for jointly performing recognition of complex events and linking fragmented tracks into coherent, long-duration tracks. Many event recognition methods require highly accurate tracking, and may fail when tracks corresponding to event actors are fragmented or partially missing. However, these conditions occur frequently from occlusions, traffic and tracking errors. Recently, methods have been proposed for linking track fragments from multiple objects under these difficult conditions. Here, we develop a method for solving these two problems jointly. A hypothesized event model, represented as a Dynamic Bayes Net, supplies data-driven constraints on the likelihood of proposed track fragment matches. These event-guided constraints are combined with appearance and kinematic constraints used in the previous track linking formulation. The result is the most likely track linking solution given the event model, and the highest event score given all of the track fragments. The event model with the highest score is determined to have occurred, if the score exceeds a threshold. Results demonstrated on a busy scene of airplane servicing activities, where many non-event movers and long fragmented tracks are present, show the promise of the approach to solving the joint problem.
Understanding Allyhood as a Developmental Process

Rhian Waters challenges us to move beyond the concept of allyhood as identity and applies student development theory to the development of social justice allies.
A novel Transformation Model© for personalized medicine laboratory systems

The role of health system laboratories is critical to the appropriate clinical integration of personalized medicine. We conducted semistructured interviews with experts and opinion leaders representing laboratory medicine, health policy and the diagnostics industry, to examine what is known about the real-world effectiveness of health laboratories as organizations. We describe and encourage the wider use of an evidence-based, novel Transformation Model© to prepare for the future and set goals for a better health system. A collaborative approach appropriately integrates the efficiency and high-quality expertise of the health laboratory system with the transformative vision of the personalized medicine community.
MIMO Radar Space–Time Adaptive Processing Using Prolate Spheroidal Wave Functions

In the traditional transmitting beamforming radar system, the transmitting antennas send coherent waveforms which form a highly focused beam. In the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system, the transmitter sends noncoherent (possibly orthogonal) broad (possibly omnidirectional) waveforms. These waveforms can be extracted at the receiver by a matched filterbank. The extracted signals can be used to obtain more diversity or to improve the spatial resolution for clutter. This paper focuses on space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for MIMO radar systems which improves the spatial resolution for clutter. With a slight modification, STAP methods developed originally for the single-input multiple-output (SIMO) radar (conventional radar) can also be used in MIMO radar. However, in the MIMO radar, the rank of the jammer-and-clutter subspace becomes very large, especially the jammer subspace. It affects both the complexity and the convergence of the STAP algorithm. In this paper, the clutter space and its rank in the MIMO radar are explored. By using the geometry of the problem rather than data, the clutter subspace can be represented using prolate spheroidal wave functions (PSWF). A new STAP algorithm is also proposed. It computes the clutter space using the PSWF and utilizes the block-diagonal property of the jammer covariance matrix. Because of fully utilizing the geometry and the structure of the covariance matrix, the method has very good SINR performance and low computational complexity.
Rethinking the "Apprenticeship of Liberty": The Case for Academic Programs in Community Engagement in Higher Education

This article articulates a model for the “engaged campus” through academic programs focused on community engagement, broadly construed. Such academic programs–usually coalesced in certificate programs, minors, and majors–provide a complementary vision for the deep institutionalization of civic and community engagement in the academy that can revitalize an “apprenticeship of liberty” for students, faculty, and academic staff.
Incorporation of Agile Development Methodology into a Capstone Software Engineering Project

This paper describes the author's experience in transitioning an undergraduate capstone software engineering project course from a traditional "waterfall" format to a modern agile development methodology. The agile approach replaces the sequential, and documentation-intensive, product development steps of the waterfall model--requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and deployment/maintenance--with a series of short development sprints during which team members collaboratively develop and release a small set of new product features. Agile development focuses on collaborative teamwork and effective communication rather than a strictly managed and rigorously documented process and stresses continuous testing, integration and deployment rather than deferring these steps until late in the development cycle. While agile methodologies have gained considerable traction in industry, their adoption by academia has been slow due to several factors including challenges in effectively monitoring and mentoring student teams, difficulties in carrying out formative and summative evaluation of student work, and academic bias against a process sometimes regarded as non-rigorous. The author attempted to address these challenges in spring, 2014 while redesigning a long-standing capstone SE course to an agile methodology. Background For nearly two decades, the author has been teaching a semester-long, team-based software engineering project course. This course serves as the capstone for a sequence of software engineering courses taken as electives by upper-level undergraduate students in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at The University of Iowa. Students in the capstone course have completed at least two prior software engineering methodology courses or gained equivalent real-world experience. Student teams, comprised of four or five members, are permitted to choose their own projects, subject to instructor approval, and teams are strongly encouraged to seek out real customers for their projects. Prior to the spring, 2014 semester, the capstone course utilized a software development process based on the traditional waterfall model. 1 This model derives its name from the fact that it views the software development lifecycle as a one-way through a series of sequential steps as shown below in Figure 1. The inherent "downhill" flow of the model means that mistakes or omissions in early stages of the process may be difficult and costly to correct in later stages. This necessitates a heavy emphasis on front-end planning and documentation. For this reason, waterfall-like software engineering processes are sometimes referred to as plan- driven development. 8
Can Labeling Theory Be Saved?*,1

Despite numerous criticisms during the last decade, labeling theory has maintained pre-eminence among theories of deviance. The critiques of the positivists, neo-Marxists, and phenomenologists are reviewed along with their respective prescriptions for the development of a more satisfactory theory of deviance. While the changes advocated by the first two groups are rejected on logical and empirical grounds, some of the suggestions of the phenomenologists are viewed as necessary corrections to labeling theory. Recommendations are made that call for 1) consideration of ‘categorical’, ‘contextual’, and ‘potential’ labeling, 2) application and development of the labeling perspective in substantive areas other than deviance, and 3) construction of explicit and defensible ethical positions for persons involved in labeling studies.
TRIMETHYLSILYLMETHYL KETONES IN SYNTHESIS. A REGIOSPECIFIC SYNTHESIS OF BETA,GAMMA‐UNSATURATED ESTERS, AMIDES AND NITRILES

Abstract In connection with our studies directed toward a new procedure for the preparation of unsaturated butyrolactones, a method for introduction of unsaturation β,γ to an ester was required. This note reports our efforts in this area and extends the results obtained to other systems as well.
Modeling of electric field effects on the excitability of myelinated motor nerve

An overview is given of methods for modeling the electric fields generated in peripheral nerve trunks by neural prosthetic implants, and the effects of such fields on the excitability of myelinated nerve fibers. Given the well-known dependence of action potential propagation on the resistive-capacitive properties of internodal myelin, the most accurate representation possible would incorporate the cable structure of myelin, along with a complete representation of nodal membrane and axoplasmic connections. An example problem is presented wherein a monopolar current source in an infinite anisotropic medium is used to stimulate mammalian myelinated motor nerve fibers of varying size and location. >
Role of silicon contamination on calcification of hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses.

Purpose To verify the presence of the element silicon on hydrophilic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) explanted because of calcification. Design Interventional case series with clinicopathological correlation. Methods Twenty explanted IOLs with surface deposits (MemoryLens), and 20 with deposits mostly within their optic substance (SC60B-OUV and Aqua-Sense; 10 each) were used. After gross, microscopic, and histochemical analyses to confirm the presence of deposits, the lenses underwent scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) for elemental composition, on the external surface of MemoryLens IOLs, and on the surface and internal substance of SC60B-OUV and Aqua-Sense IOLs. The weight percentage of the element silicon was obtained at the level of deposits, and at adjacent deposit-free areas in all lenses. Results Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDS confirmed that the composition of the deposits was calcium/phosphate in all cases. The element silicon was found in all 40 lenses, on all areas analyzed. The silicon weight percentage was higher at the level of the deposits. The presence of aluminum on five MemoryLens IOLs, and in most of the SC60B-OUV and Aqua-Sense lenses might be related to scattering from the aluminum mounting stubs used for surface analyses. Conclusions Silicone compounds have been implicated in the calcification of another hydrophilic acrylic design (Hydroview). They may also have a role in the calcification of other hydrophilic acrylic IOLs. Further investigation on the relationship between the presence of the element silicon and the silicone compounds found on calcified hydrophilic acrylic lenses is necessary.
The Disruption of Murine Tumor Neovasculature by Low-intensity Ultrasound—Comparison Between 1- and 3-MHz Sonication Frequencies

Rationale and Objectives The goal was to determine whether the tumor vascular disrupting actions of low-intensity ultrasound were frequency dependent. Materials and Methods The effect of the frequency (1 MHz at 2.2 W/cm 2 or 3 MHz at 2.4 W/cm 2 ) of low-intensity ultrasound as a neovascular disrupting modality was investigated in 15 murine melanomas (K1735 22 ) insonated for 3 minutes after the intravenous injection of a microbubble contrast agent (Definity). In contrast-enhanced power Doppler observations of each tumor (before and after treatment), measurements were made of the size of the area of the tumor that was perfused with blood containing the ultrasound contrast agent (percentage area of flow [PAF]), and the volume of contrast agent flowing through the unit volume of the tumor (color-weighted fractional area [CWFA]). During insonation of the tumor, the temperature was measured with a fine wire thermocouple in an additional eight mice. Results The antivascular action of low-intensity ultrasound was significantly enhanced (PAF by 64%; CWFA by 106%) when the tumor was treated with 3-MHz ultrasound rather than 1 MHz (analysis of variance: PAF, P = .02; CWFA, P = .04). The average rate of tumor temperature increase was 2.6 ± 1.3°C/min for 1 MHz and 5.0 ± 1.7°C/min for 3 MHz; these increases were significantly different ( P = .04). Conclusions Insonation of the tumor at a higher frequency amplified the heating of the neoplasm and led to greater disruption of the tumor vasculature; 3-MHz ultrasound was more efficacious than 1 MHz for antivascular cancer therapy.
An RNA degradation machine sculpted by Ro autoantigen and noncoding RNA.

Many bacteria contain an ortholog of the Ro autoantigen, a ring-shaped protein that binds noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) called Y RNAs. In the only studied bacterium, Deinococcus radiodurans, the Ro ortholog Rsr functions in heat-stress-induced ribosomal RNA (rRNA) maturation and starvation-induced rRNA decay. However, the mechanism by which this conserved protein and its associated ncRNAs act has been obscure. We report that Rsr and the exoribonuclease polynucleotide phosphorylase (PNPase) form an RNA degradation machine that is scaffolded by Y RNA. Single-particle electron microscopy, followed by docking of atomic models into the reconstruction, suggests that Rsr channels single-stranded RNA into the PNPase cavity. Biochemical assays reveal that Rsr and Y RNA adapt PNPase for effective degradation of structured RNAs. A Ro ortholog and ncRNA also associate with PNPase in Salmonella Typhimurium. Our studies identify another ribonucleoprotein machine and demonstrate that ncRNA, by tethering a protein cofactor, can alter the substrate specificity of an enzyme.
The Furin Cytoplasmic Domain Is Localized to the trans-Golgi Network of Yeast

Kex2p and furin are well-characterized, structurally similar, membrane-bound proteases localized to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) of yeast and animal cells. While their N-terminal and lumenal catalytic domains are highly homologous, they do not share common sorting signals in their C-terminal cytoplasmic tails. To study furin’s localization in yeast, we created a chimera with the N-terminal regions of Kex2p and the C-terminal regions of human furin. Our mating, biochemical, and immunofluorescent studies of the KFp chimeras in yeast have demonstrated sorting consistent with furin’s trafficking patterns in human cells. Next, to see if furin sorting signals are recognized by yeast sorting machinery, key signals were mutated. For two chimeras (KF5p/6p) mating activity was abolished indicating that the Kex2p enzyme is no longer resident to the yeast TGN. This is surprising since this furin sorting signal in animal cells binds a sorting protein (PACS-1) not known to exist in yeast
Aromatic polysulfonates: Preparation and properties

Aromatic polysulfonates of high molecular weight and purity can easily be prepared by interfacial polycondensation of the disulfonyl chlorides with diphenols. The polymers were found to have a low degree of crystallinity, softening ranges in the region 200–250°C, molecular weights up to 50,000 and a thermal stability under nitrogen to above 300°C.
Impact of Motivational Interviewing on Medication Adherence in Schizophrenia

This literature review addresses the question of whether motivational interviewing (MI) is effective at improving medication adherence in patients with schizophrenia. The databases PsycINFO, OVID Medline, and PubMed were searched using the keywords "schizophrenia," "medication adherence," and one of the following: "motivational interviewing," "adherence therapy," or "compliance therapy." Relevant studies from the last ten years were included, resulting in six studies being included in this literature review. One study presented evidence for a direct relationship between motivational interviewing and medication adherence. Most studies did not support this relationship. Some studies found evidence for a relationship between motivational interviewing and other outcomes such as improved psychotic symptoms and decreased re-hospitalization rates. Motivational interviewing may be beneficial for some patients with schizophrenia but should not be considered a first line therapy. Clinicians not already using motivational interviewing in providing care to their patients with schizophrenia should not implement it for this population.
Portfolio Allocations Using Fundamental Ratios: Are Profitability Measures Effective in Selecting Firms and Sectors?

Our study assesses the performance of portfolios formed using out-of-sample sector forecasts and past firm fundamental ratios in real time from 1980.1-2014.4. Portfolio allocations based on profitability measures -- gross profit, operating profit, and EBITDA -- generate performance substantially better than a buy-and-hold benchmark. Long/short portfolio allocations using these fundamentals possess alphas over 14% and increase Sharpe ratios by over 60%. These portfolio strategies consistently beat a buy-and-hold benchmark two-thirds of the time over thirty-five years and over each of the last three decades. A composite variable of profitability measures provides the highest payoff for firm allocations, while strategies using EBITDA are the most profitable for out-of-sample sector allocations. Our results demonstrate that profitability metrics, which use a measure of earnings above net income, are superior indicators of sustainable economic performance, since they are more strongly linked to both future returns and cash flows than net income.
Association of diabetic foot ulcer and death in a population-based cohort from the United Kingdom.

Aims The presence of diabetic foot ulcers is strongly associated with an increased risk of death. In this study, we investigate whether the effects of diabetes-associated complications can explain the apparent relationship between diabetic foot ulcers and death. Methods We analysed data from 414 523 people with diabetes enrolled in practices associated with The Health Improvement Network in the United Kingdom. Our methods were designed to control for potential confounders in order to isolate the relationship between diabetic foot ulcers and death. Using proportional hazards models and the area under the receiver operator curve, we evaluated the effects of diabetic foot ulcers and the covariates on death. Results Among the patients, 20 737 developed diabetic foot ulcers; 5.0% of people with new ulcers died within 12 months of their first foot ulcer visit and 42.2% of people with foot ulcers died within 5 years. After controlling for major known complications of diabetes that might influence mortality, the correlation between diabetic foot ulcers and death remained strong with a fully adjusted hazard ratio of 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 2.43, 2.54). Geographic variance existed but was not spatially associated. Conclusions Diabetic foot ulcers are linked to an increased risk of death. This cannot be explained by other common risk factors. These results suggest that either there are major unknown risk factors associated with both diabetic foot ulcers and death, or that diabetic foot ulceration itself is a serious threat, which seems unlikely. A diabetic foot ulcer should be seen as a major warning sign for mortality, necessitating closer medical follow-up.
Costs and Consequences

The Federal Communications Commission spent approximately $1.2 billion on telecommunications and broadband regulation in fiscal 2004. Yet the actual cost is more than 60 times that amount. In a Mercatus Center working paper released earlier this year, I assembled estimates from scholarly literature suggesting that federal telecommunications and broadband regulation generates $75 billion in wealth transfers annually, reduces consumer welfare by $25 billion annually, and reduces social welfare by $41 billion annually.
Abstract 324: Mean Arterial Pressure Achieved During Therapeutic Hypothermia is Not Associated With Neurologically Intact Survival Following Cardiac Arrest

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves outcomes following cardiac arrest. The optimum hemodynamic goals during TH are unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine if mean arterial pressure (MAP) achieved during TH is associated with neurologically intact survival following cardiac arrest. Methods: Retrospective analysis was performed on 188 consecutive comatose survivors of cardiac arrest treated with TH in the cardiovascular intensive care unit of an academic tertiary care hospital. Shock on admission was defined as a systolic blood pressure Results: Neurologically intact survival was observed in 73/188 (38.8%) patients at hospital discharge, and in 48/162 (29.6%) at a median follow up interval of 3 months. Patients in shock at the time of admission had lower baseline MAP at the initiation of TH (81 versus 87 mmHg; p=0.002), but had similar achieved MAP during TH (80.3 versus 83.7 mmHg; p=0.11). Shock on admission was associated with poor survival (18% versus 52%; p Conclusions: We did not demonstrate an association between MAP achieved during TH and neurologically intact survival. Shock at the time of admission was clearly associated with poor outcomes. These data do not support the use of vasopressors to artificially increase MAP in the absence of shock. There is an urgent need for prospective, randomized trials to further define hemodynamic goals during treatment with TH.
The Moults of the Honeybee

This paper gives observations made on larvae and pupae of the honeybee during the summer of 1923 at the Bee Culture Laboratory, Bureau of Entomology, U. S. Department of Agriculture. The moults for workers, queens and drones are given with detailed measurements for the different moults and description of color of the changing forms.
Influence of temperature on the distensibility of the pubic ligament.

SummaryThe effect of temperature on the distensibility of the pubic ligament of the guinea pig was investigated in intact and isolated preparations using a constant load. Both types of preparations exhibited a marked: dependence of stretching on temperature between 30 to 40°C with the mode lying in the, range 34-35°C under conditions of moderate loading.Distension at 30°C is negligible, while at temperatures above 34 it is rapid. Preparations from pregnant animals show a lower threshold both for temperature and weight.
Fauna in decline: a big leap to slavery.

![Figure][1] Young fishers in Burkina Faso. PHOTO: ROMANCEOR/WIKIMEDIA COMMONS The Policy Forum by J. S. Brashares et al. (“Wildlife decline and social conflict,” 25 July, p. [376][2]) links environmental degradation to child slavery and human trafficking. However, the causal pathways between wildlife decline and social outcomes, especially child slavery, have not been empirically tested; it is likely that wildlife declines are only a tiny component of the causes of exploitative child labor and slavery. While the linkages Brashares et al. diagram are all plausible, and some have abundant empirical support, we question the strength of association between the exploitation of global fisheries and child slavery. To claim or imply that resolving the global fisheries commons problem will mitigate such despicable social practices is dangerous. Surtees ([ 1 ][3]) lists economic, political, legal, social, and individual characteristics as preconditions for child trafficking for forced labor and sexual exploitation. Noticeably absent in her report is any mention of a link between wildlife decline, or any form of environmental degradation, as a precondition for child trafficking. Conservation goals have increasingly been tied to aspects of human well-being and social outcomes, but it is important not to overestimate the negative impacts of environmental degradation when they are likely to play a secondary role in driving social outcomes. Doing so risks exacerbating the very social problems they purportedly aim to tackle. There is no doubt that greater stresses on the environment put greater economic strains on families that rely heavily on the environment for their livelihoods, yet the evidence the authors cite is unsatisfactory and risks moving resources to combat child labor and slavery toward less effective programs. More effective ways to combat the exploitation of children could include better enforcing child labor laws, increasing educational opportunities and services, and increasing poverty reduction and family planning programs. The scientific community has a responsibility to not overstate the potential impacts of the environment on social outcomes for another reason as well. Policy in democratic countries, and especially environmental policy, depends on public support. The public is increasingly wary of the political framing or spinning of issues by conflating environmental issues with other concerns, regardless of support. 1. [↵][4] 1. R. Surtees , Child trafficking in Sierra Leone (UNICEF, 2005). [1]: pending:yes [2]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1256734 [3]: #ref-1 [4]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
Social Class versus Income Revisited: An Empirical Investigation:

In the early 1970s several studies refuted the superiority of social class to income as a basis for segmenting the markets for a wide variety of durable and nondurable goods. This study also examin...
Parameter Estimation and Equilibrium Points Analysis on Non-linear Model of the Supercritical Unit

Taking the multivariate boiler-turbine coordinated control system of the unit generator as the object of research,and using the method of system identification and mechanism modeling for reference,then one type of non-linear mathematical model of controlled object in coordinated control system for 600 MW supercritical unit is given in the paper,which is based on its major process parameter and the modern control theory.In order to prove the rationality of the non-linear mathematical model,whose equilibrium points and simulation research is given,and a reference program is provided for the research of the supercritical one-through boiler.
The Individual, Joint, and Additive Interaction Associations of Aerobic-Based Physical Activity and Muscle Strengthening Activities on Metabolic Syndrome

Previous research has demonstrated that physical activity and muscle strengthening activities are independently and inversely associated with metabolic syndrome. Despite a number of studies examining the individual associations, only a few studies have examined the joint associations, and to our knowledge, no previous studies have examined the potential additive interaction of performing muscle strengthening activities and aerobic-based physical activity and their association with metabolic syndrome. Using data from the 2003 to 2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we computed three separate multivariable logistic regression models to examine the individual, combined, and additive interaction of meeting guidelines for accelerometer-assessed physical activity and self-reported muscle strengthening activities, and their association with metabolic syndrome. We found that individuals meeting physical activity and muscle strengthening activity guidelines, respectively, were at 61 and 25 % lower odds of having metabolic syndrome. Furthermore, individuals meeting both guidelines had the lowest odds of having metabolic syndrome (70 %), in part due to the additive interaction of performing both modes of exercise. In this national sample, accelerometer-assessed physical activity and muscle strengthening activities were synergistically associated with metabolic syndrome.
The isolation and functional identification of a protein from the human erythrocyte 'ghost'.

Abstract A protein, initially identified as a band on polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte ghosts',wasisolatedbyse≤ctiveextractionofghosts′,wasisolatedbyse≤ctiveextractionofghosts' with EDTA solutions. The molecular weight of the polypeptide chain was estimated as 33000 and it represents approx. 5% of the membrane protein. The N-terminal sequence of the protein was established. Comparison with known protein sequences suggested that the protein might be the erythrocyte d-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. This identification was confirmed by direct enzyme assay. It is suggested that this enzyme, which is strongly retained by erythrocyte `ghosts' on haemolysis of erythrocytes, is unlikely to be an integral part of the structure of the erythrocyte membrane.
Examinations of Conscience

On the evening of May 11, 1960, Adolf Eichmann was seized in a suburb of Buenos Aires, and nine days later he was flown to Israel. The following April he stood trial in the District Court in Jerusalem – charged with “crimes against the Jewish people, crimes against humanity, and war crimes during the whole period of the Nazi regime and especially during the period of the Second World War.” In December 1961, having been found guilty, he was sentenced to death – a sentence carried out in May 1962. These legal proceedings triggered intense American interest in the Holocaust – thanks in no small part to Hannah Arendt’s Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil (1963). Arendt was no ordinary journalist. Born in 1906, she was the only child of assimilated and secular middle-class Jews. At school in Konigsberg, she early impressed teachers with her intelligence and her independence – this latter quality led her to being expelled. In the spring of 1924, after two terms at the University of Berlin and an intense six months of study, she passed the Abitur as an extraneous student. She spent the next five years at three different universities – a not uncommon practice in Germany. Initially, two semesters at Marburg: there she found her first love – philosophy – and its physical incarnation – Martin Heidegger. They had a brief affair, and she remained loyal to – in her words – “‘the last German Romantic.’” (After a seventeen-year interruption, and despite his Nazi party affiliation, she resumed contact with him in 1950.) From Marburg, Arendt went on to Freiburg and spent a semester with Edmund Husserl. And finally, three and a half years in Heidelberg where she wrote her dissertation under the direction of Karl Jaspers – a powerful and lifelong intellectual mentor and ally. By the time Arendt finished her university training, she was tuning in to public affairs.
A new method to evaluate macaque health using exhaled breath: A case study of M. tuberculosis in a BSL-3 setting

Breath is hypothesized to contain clinically relevant information, useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, as well as understanding underlying pathogenesis. Nonhuman primates, such as the cynomolgus macaque, serve as an important model for the study of human disease, including over 70 different human infections. In this feasibility study, exhaled breath was successfully collected in less than 5 min under Biosafety Level 3 conditions from five anesthetized, intubated cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, before and after lung infection with M. tuberculosis The breath was subsequently analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 384 macaque breath features were detected, with hydrocarbons being the most abundant. We provide putative identification for 19 breath molecules and report on overlap between the identified macaque breath compounds and those identified in previous human studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the volatile molecule content of macaque breath has been comprehensively sampled and analyzed. We do so here in a Biosafety Level 3 setting in the context of M. tuberculosis lung infection. The breath of nonhuman primates represents a novel fluid that could provide insight into disease pathogenesis.
Considerations and Challenges in Information and Communication Technology

Technology offers promise to make lives better, but also introduces new challenges to patients, families, and clinicians. Many of these challenges, however, are not unique to technology. Clinicians will face ethical dilemmas about information sharing, autonomy, and privacy presented by communication and information technology, including patient portals and social media. Existing ethical frameworks and approaches can be applied and adapted to the challenges posed by new technology. In this chapter, we will present frameworks that clinicians can use to resolve ethical dilemmas and discuss common scenarios with practical guidance for clinicians.
Diagnosis of Periprosthetic Joint Infection-An Algorithm-Based Approach.

Abstract Background Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) remains one of the most challenging and devastating modes of failure after total hip and knee arthroplasties. Despite the profound urgency and impact of PJI on an individual and societal basis, historically, there have not been standardized definitions of and diagnostic algorithms for infection after total joint arthroplasty. Methods In a recent symposium, the American Academy of Hip and Knee Surgeons put forth a standardized approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and management of the patient with a suspected PJI. Results This review article summarizes these findings, and reviews the algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of PJI. Conclusion The diagnosis of PJI is easily made in our experience in 90% of patients by getting an erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein followed by selective aspiration of the joint if these values are elevated or if the clinical suspicion is high. Synovial fluid obtained should be sent for a synovial fluid white blood cell count, differential, and cultures.
Applications of NMR Spectroscopy and Imaging to the Study of Immobilised Cell Physiology

The use of NMR spectroscopy and imaging in biology and medicine has grown dramatically over the last decade. The popularity of these magnetic resonance methods stems directly from the fact that they are non-invasive and can provide extremely detailed information about the chemical environment of atomic nuclei. Dynamic metabolic phenomena can be studied in real time, without perturbing normal cellular function. The biggest limitation in using NMR to study living systems is that it is a relatively insensitive technique. For this reason, immobilisation methods are generally used to culture cells at high densities for NMR studies.
Shifting Perspectives on Preservice Teachers’ Noticing of Children’s Mathematical Thinking

Noticing children’s mathematical thinking is an important aspect of what teachers need to know. Researchers generally agree that noticing involves two main processes, namely attending to and making sense of particular events in an instructional setting. We report on our work involving preservice teacher noticing and our efforts to scaffold their noticing. We argue for a shift in perspective on preservice teacher noticing, a perspective that considers interpreting classroom events as an important first step for preservice teachers in their development of noticing, which then positions preservice teachers to attend to important and noteworthy events.
Abstract 2221: Honokiol stimulates immune reactivity in UV-irradiated skin through DNA demethylation-dependent functional activation of dendritic cells in mice

Solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR), and in particular UVB spectrum (290-320 nm), are considered as a complete carcinogen for cutaneous malignancies. The over-exposure of UVR suppresses the development of allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) response in both laboratory animals as well as in humans. CHS response is considered to be a prototypic T-cell mediated immune response. UVR-induced suppression of immune sensitivity has been implicated in skin cancer risk. Therefore, the treatment options which can inhibit UVB-induced suppression of immune sensitivity may be useful in the management of skin cancers, including both melanoma and non-melanoma. Previously, we have shown that topical treatment of honokiol inhibits UVB induced immune suppression, which was associated with the reduction in UVB-induced inflammatory mediators in the mouse skin. Here, we have further determined the underlying mechanism of action of honokiol on UVR-induced immunosuppression including its effect on epigenetic regulators and their relationship with immune sensitivity in mouse skin. Topical treatment of C3H/HeN mice with honokiol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/cm2 skin area) in hydrophilic-cream based topical formulation significantly inhibits UVB-induced suppression of CHS response (P Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Santosh K. Katiyar, Tripti Singh, Harish C. Pal, Ram Prasad. Honokiol stimulates immune reactivity in UV-irradiated skin through DNA demethylation-dependent functional activation of dendritic cells in mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2221. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-2221
Encoding strategy training and self-reported everyday prospective memory in people with Parkinson disease: a randomized-controlled trial

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the effects of laboratory-based training in implementation intentions (II; experimental strategy) and verbal rehearsal (VR; control strategy) on self-reported everyday prospective memory among people with Parkinson disease (PD) and to investigate potential correlates of change in self-reported everyday prospective memory in response to this training.MethodThis was a randomized-controlled trial. Participants with mild to moderate PD without dementia underwent one session of training in either II (n = 25) or VR (n = 27). Then they were instructed to use their strategy as much as possible in their everyday lives to help them remember to do things. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire Prospective Scale (PRMQ-Pro) administered at baseline and one month after training assessed training-related change in self-reported everyday prospective memory. Baseline depressive symptoms, perceptions of the strategy (credibility, expectancy), prospective memory-related awareness,...
The Impact of Multi-Layered Diffusionary Processes on Musical Evolution: The Global Nature, and Hawaiian, Spanish and African Roots of Delta Blues Culture

As a distinct musical form, blues music from the Mississippi Delta has been extensively studied by musicologists, ethnomusicologists, historians and folklorists. As has been the case with the larger public attracted to this intriguing musical genre, much of this academic attention has treated blues as just that - something one listens to. We argue that blues represents far more than just sound or entertainment, rather it represents a broad cultural milieu from which a distinctive musical culture evolved. Moreover, the musical evolution associated with blues did not occur in a vacuum, it was generated and facilitated by various forms of cultural exchange occurring over time and space. Further, the forms of cultural exchange responsible for the evolution of Delta blues culture were and continue to be truly global in scope. In this paper, by highlighting Hawaiian, Spanish and African influences, we discuss the geographical processes associated with the evolution of blues music and focus on the multi-layered forms of global diffusion responsible for what has been referred to as “Delta blues.” Through a discussion of this form of blues music, we focus attention on the complex inter-relationships evident between and among different people and different places, and highlight how global interactions generated a truly unique music form.
A LUTA PELA DEMOCRACIA NA EDUCAÇÃO CRÍTICA

The text addresses the challenges that are currently present for the construction of democracy in education. It is pointed out the need to seek two dispositions so that democracy can be lived: that there is a repositioning, that is, that the world must always be seen from the perspective of the dispossessed; and that the world should be seen in a relational way, that is, to seek to analyze and understand the relations of power and the contradictions that structure institutions and societies. The article ends by emphasizing that the constant struggle for the experience of democracy in education is what keeps subjects vigilant against narratives that point to conservative perspectives as inevitable.
Financial Management and Charitable Giving in Gay and Lesbian Households

To date, most charitable giving research assumes that all households are heterosexual and that couples make giving decisions from joint financial resources. This study examines household financial ...
Conversion from laparoscopic to open appendectomy: decreased risk at dedicated children’s hospitals

The advent of laparoscopy has revolutionized surgical practice within the last 30 years. Conversion to open surgery, however, remains necessary at times, even for the most experienced laparoscopic surgeon. The kids’ inpatient database was analyzed for 2006, 2009, and 2012 for patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy and conversion to open (CPT 470.1 and V64.41, respectively). Variables included in multivariable analysis were determined based on those variables found to have significance on univariate analysis. A total of 104,865 patients, ages 0–17 years, underwent laparoscopic appendectomy during the three study periods. Of these, 2370 (2.2%) laparoscopic surgeries were converted to open appendectomy. Multivariable logistic regression showed significantly higher rates of conversion amongst patients with peritonitis (OR 6.7, p 13 years (OR 1.53 for ages 13–15, OR 1.77 for ages 16–17, p < 0.001 for both), or cared for at rural hospitals (OR 1.55, p = 0.002). Rates of conversion decreased over time for children at adult hospitals and at urban hospitals, regardless of teaching status (p < 0.001 for both). Risk factors for conversion from laparoscopic to open appendectomy included abscess, peritonitis, increased age, obesity, male gender, socioeconomic status and treatment at a non-pediatric-specific hospital, and the overall rate is decreasing over time.
Environmental Protection Agency actions to stimulate use of biotechnology for pollution control and cleanup.

In the period 1982 to 1983, when Rita Lavelle and Anne Gorsuch were in charge, the EPA lost a lot of credibility. We may never regain the credibility that everybody believed we had in 1970 when the Agency started. I think one of the reasons that we had that credibility in the early years, as Bill Ruckelshaus noted, was that the problem was a lot simpler back then. Everybody knew what they wanted the EPA to do: clean up the worst air and water problems. The EPA had a single identity and problems that it could do something about, and people could see the results. It could be done in a way that was overburdened cost-wise, yet no terrible uproar was heard over the economic side of things during that period.
Molecular and Cellular Abnormalities of Tau in Early Alzheimer’s Disease

The formation of neurofibrillary tangles in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease is probably the end result of a number of biochemical processes which take place in specific neuronal populations. The Braak’s and their colleagues (Braak and Braak, 1991; Braak, Braak and Bohl, 1993) have provided a very useful staging system which has been extensively used to attempt to work out the temporal sequence of biochemical events. This scheme defines the stage of disease essentially through definition of the brain regions containing neurofibrillary pathology within neurons. The transentorhinal cortex appears to be the first area in which these abnormalities are found, with subsequent “spread” to the hip-pocampal formation and then to association cortex. For the work described in this report, Braak staging was used to identify cases of Alzheimer’s Disease very early in the course of the illness.