cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A fast-scanning infrared recording spectrometer

A spectrometer has been constructed to scan portions of the infrared spectrum at repetition rates up to 20 spectra per second. The optics are basically those of a Perkin-Elmer Model 12 C prism spectrometer. The electrically driven mechanical system used to oscillate the Littrow mirror provides for changing the repetition rate, the scanning interval, and the spectral region independently of one another while the instrument is in operation. A Golay pneumatic detector with a time constant of 1.2 milliseconds extends the spectral range to 14 microns with a NaCl prism. The resolving power is low by conventional standards, but is satisfactory for broad bands such as those exhibited by gases under high pressure. The spectra are displayed on a cathode-ray oscillograph and are recorded photographically. Reference marks corresponding to definite orientations of the Littrow mirror are obtained by a subsidiary optical system and are indicated as blanked spots on the oscillograph trace. A synchronized radiation beam chopper serves to indicate the zero radiation signal during the unusable portion of the scanning period. The spectrometer was designed for the study of solid propellant flames, but will also be useful for the study of fast, but not explosive, gas reactions.
Making and monitoring errors based on altered auditory feedback.

Previous research has demonstrated that altered auditory feedback (AAF) disrupts music performance and causes disruptions in both action planning and the perception of feedback events. It has been proposed that this disruption occurs because of interference within a shared representation for perception and action (Pfordresher, 2006). Studies reported here address this claim from the standpoint of error monitoring. In Experiment 1 participants performed short melodies on a keyboard while hearing no auditory feedback, normal auditory feedback, or alterations to feedback pitch on some subset of events. Participants overestimated error frequency when AAF was present but not for normal feedback. Experiment 2 introduced a concurrent load task to determine whether error monitoring requires executive resources. Although the concurrent task enhanced the effect of AAF, it did not alter participants’ tendency to overestimate errors when AAF was present. A third correlational study addressed whether effects of AAF are reduced for a subset of the population who may lack the kind of perception/action associations that lead to AAF disruption: poor-pitch singers. Effects of manipulations similar to those presented in Experiments 1 and 2 were reduced for these individuals. We propose that these results are consistent with the notion that AAF interference is based on associations between perception and action within a forward internal model of auditory-motor relationships.
Control and sensitivity reduction for a viscous Burgers' equation

The problem of designing and numerically implementing a controller for a fluid flow system at the boundary of the flow domain is complicated by the facts that the basic model is truly nonlinear and the flow is usually highly sensitive to boundary conditions. High sensitivity to small changes in the boundary such as wall roughness or dynamic excitations can trigger transition to undesirable states. One approach to preventing or delaying a transition is to introduce a simple control loop along the boundary to reduce the sensitivity. In this work we demonstrate the aforementioned idea for a system governed by the one dimensional Burgers' equation. In particular, we focus on the initial boundary value problem for a viscous Burgers' equation which is known to be is extremely sensitive with respect to a small perturbation in a Neumann boundary condition. We use this model to illustrate how this sensitivity can generate erroneous numerical solutions and “transitions” to these states. In particular, for a fixed viscosity and certain initial data the numerical solution z(x; t) of Burgers' equation with a Neumann boundary condition z x (0; t) = 0 converges to a (large) solution that satisfies z x (0; t) = −α for a number α > 0 less than machine precision zero. Thus, the solution of the Burgers' equations for this problem exhibits an extreme sensitivity to the boundary perturbation α and this sensitivity can produce unexpected and undesired dynamic behavior. We use a continuous sensitivity equation method to compute these sensitivities and show that the sensitivity can be eliminated by introducing a very simple proportional error boundary feedback mechanism.
Recognition of 3' -processing sites of human mRNA precursors

We have developed a computer program POLY AH and an algorithm for the identification of 3'-processing sites of human mRNA precursors. The algorithm is based on a linear discriminant function (LDF) trained to discriminate real poly (A) signal regions from the other regions of human genes possessing the AATAAA sequence which is most likely nonfunctional. As the parameters of LDF, various significant contextual characteristics of sequences surrounding AATAAA signals were used. An accuracy of method has been estimated on a set of 131 poly(A) regions and 1466 regions of human genes having the AATAAA sequence. When the threshold was set to predict 86% ofpoly(A) regions correctly, specificity of 51% and correlation coefficient of 0.62 had been achieved. The precision of this approach is better than for the other methods and has been tested on a larger data set. POLYAH can be used through World Wide Web (at Gene-Finder Home page: URL http://dot.imgen.bcm.tmc.edu:9331/gene-finder/ gf.html) or by sending files with uncharacterized human sequences to the University of Houston or Weizmann Institute of Science e-mail servers.
Radar target identification with relative amplitudes and unknown target aspect angles

An approach to radar target identification that uses a modified nearest neighbor algorithm and relative amplitude target features is proposed. It assumes that the aspect angles (elevation and azimuth) of the target to be identified are unknown. The relative amplitude features are the ratios of the target amplitude returns of two different frequencies, and they are two-dimensional functions of the target aspect angles. The features are also related to target geometry, wave polarization, and frequency, but are independent of target range and other radar system parameters. The database contains a finite number of samples of reference target features taken at certain target aspect angles. The differences between the aspect angles of the unknown target and those of the samples, called the aspect offsets, cause identification error. An unknown target is considered identified if its nearest neighbor in the feature space is in the set of feature samples from the same reference target in the database. A computer simulation was conducted to determine the misidentification percentage, due to the aspect offsets, as a function of the aspect angle sampling intervals and the number of frequencies, based on amplitude returns from multiple point scatters. >
APL: Autonomous Passive Localization for Wireless Sensors Deployed in Road Networks

In road networks, sensors are deployed sparsely (hundreds of meters apart) to save costs. This makes the existing localization solutions based on the ranging be ineffective. To address this issue, this paper introduces an autonomous passive localization scheme, called APL. Our work is inspired by the fact that vehicles move along routes with a known map. Using binary vehicle-detection timestamps, we can obtain distance estimates between any pair of sensors on roadways to construct a virtual graph composed of sensor identifications (i.e., vertices) and distance estimates (i.e., edges). The virtual graph is then matched with the topology of road map, in order to identify where sensors are located in roadways. We evaluate our design outdoor in Minnesota roadways and show that our distance estimate method works well despite of traffic noises. In addition, we show that our localization scheme is effective in a road network with eighteen intersections, where we found no location matching error, even with a maximum sensor time synchronization error of 0.3 sec and the vehicle speed deviation of 10 km/h.
Image magnification using level-set reconstruction

Image magnification is a common problem in imaging applications, requiring interpolation to "read between the pixels". Although many magnification/interpolation algorithms have been proposed in the literature, all methods must suffer to some degree the effects of imperfect reconstruction: false high-frequency content introduced by the underlying original sampling. Most often, these effects manifest themselves as jagged contours in the image. The paper presents a method for constrained smoothing of such artifacts that attempts to produce smooth reconstructions of the image's level curves while still maintaining image fidelity. This is similar to other iterative reconstruction algorithms and to Bayesian restoration techniques, but instead of assuming a smoothness prior for the underlying intensity function it assumes smoothness of the level curves. Results show that this technique can produce images whose error properties are equivalent to the initial approximation (interpolation) used, while their contour smoothness is both visually and quantitatively improved.
Power/Performance/Channel Length Tradeoffs in 1.6 to 9.6Gbps I/O Links in 90nm CMOS for Server, Desktop, and Mobile Applications

Performance and power of 1.6 to 9.6Gbps server, desktop, and mobile I/O links in a 1.2V 90nm CMOS test chip implementing equalized voltage-mode and current-mode drivers, TX and RX equalizers, self-biased ring oscillator and LC PLLs, and different RX clocking schemes are compared. The novel combination of voltage-mode driver (equalized or unequalized) and RX equalizer delivers the lowest power (12.1mW/Gbps at 7.2Gbps), offering a low-power option for short-distance links
Automatic image annotation and retrieval using cross-media relevance models

Libraries have traditionally used manual image annotation for indexing and then later retrieving their image collections. However, manual image annotation is an expensive and labor intensive procedure and hence there has been great interest in coming up with automatic ways to retrieve images based on content. Here, we propose an automatic approach to annotating and retrieving images based on a training set of images. We assume that regions in an image can be described using a small vocabulary of blobs. Blobs are generated from image features using clustering. Given a training set of images with annotations, we show that probabilistic models allow us to predict the probability of generating a word given the blobs in an image. This may be used to automatically annotate and retrieve images given a word as a query. We show that relevance models allow us to derive these probabilities in a natural way. Experiments show that the annotation performance of this cross-media relevance model is almost six times as good (in terms of mean precision) than a model based on word-blob co-occurrence model and twice as good as a state of the art model derived from machine translation. Our approach shows the usefulness of using formal information retrieval models for the task of image annotation and retrieval.
The predictive value and inter-observer variability of donor chest radiograph interpretation in lung transplantation

Objective: Currently the relationship between the evaluation of the donor chest radiograph and the final disposition of potential donor lungs is unknown, yet potential lung donors receive frequent x-rays. We sought to clarify the role donor chest radiographs and donor lung acceptability. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of 84 potential organ donors. Radiographs were reviewed separately by three thoracic surgeons and three pulmonologists and either accepted or rejected with no other information. Data was analyzed by Kappa statistic to judge inter-observer variance and it was compared to actual outcome to determine predictive value. Results: The Kappa statistics for observer agreement was 0.149 among the surgeons, 0.510 among the pulmonologists, and 0.336 overall, representing slight, moderate and fair agreement respectively. The reviewers’ decisions to accept or reject a lung concurred with the actual clinical outcome 64.2% of the time. The positive predictive value of an accept decision was found to be 78.3% and the negative predictive value of a reject decision was 36.3%. Conclusions: This study suggests that evaluation of the donor chest x-ray is a highly subjective process and demonstrated the limited role the radiograph presently holds in the determination of organ suitability. q 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Response properties of mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons

We used controlled whisker deflections to examine the response properties of 208 primary afferent neurons in the trigeminal ganglion of adult mice. Proportions of rapidly adapting (RA, 47%) and slowly adapting (SA, 53%) neurons were equivalent, and most cells had low or no spontaneous activity. We quantified angular tuning and sensitivity to deflection amplitude and velocity. Both RA and SA units fired more frequently to larger deflections and faster deflections, but RA units were more sensitive to differences in velocity whereas SA units were more sensitive to deflection amplitudes. Almost all neurons were tuned for deflection angle, and the average response to the maximally effective direction was more than fourfold greater than the average response in the opposite direction; SA units were more tuned than RA units. Responses of primary afferent whisker-responsive neurons are qualitatively similar to those of the rat. However, average firing rates of both RA and SA neurons in the mouse are less sensitive to differences in deflection velocity, and RA units, unlike those in the rat, display amplitude sensitivity. Subtle observed differences between mice and rats may reflect greater mechanical compliance in mice of the whisker hairs and of the tissue in which they are embedded.
Futures Markets: The Interaction of Economic Analyses and Regulation: Discussion

We commend our speakers for interesting and thought-provoking papers. However, neither focuses clearly on the theme of this session. Peck comes the closest with an analysis of market composition between hedging and speculation. But, this dichotomy has proven to be of limited value in futures market regulation. I fear it also has limited value as a research tool. Sandor and Sosin present a useful historical review of the evolution of the GNMA futures contract, but its regulatory implications are unclear. Futures market regulation continues to be a ballgame in which lawyers are carrying the ball, with economists on the sidelines. Public criticism of futures markets over the years, as Peck points out, has been heavily concentrated on speculation. Futures markets facilitate speculation and speculation is considered objectionable for two main reasons. First, to many people, speculation is synonymous with price distortion or manipulation. Second, speculation is said to contribute to frequent and unwarranted variability in futures prices as well as in spot prices. These criticisms are long-standing and reflected in the futures market regulatory legislation which mandates the close monitoring and control of speculation through a reporting system and speculative position limits. Experience has shown, however, that fixed speculative position limits are ineffective regulatory tools. Speculators are not a greater threat to efficient market performance than hedgers whose normal operations often involve large positions in both cash and futures. Efficient futures markets require both hedgers and speculators. The economic distinction between them is more illusory than real. The real problem, in-my view, is that economists have not done a very good job in helping the general public distinguish between speculation and manipulation. The two terms are not synonymous. It is price distortion or manipulation, regardless of its source, that demands more study rather than speculation, per se. What is price distortion or manipulation? How can it be detected? Is it a problem in maturing futures in certain delivery months? What constitutes "orderly markets" and "orderly trading" in the delivery month? Unless reasonable answers to such questions are obtained, I fear we are headed for more rigid government controls on futures trading, which could have deleterious effects on mar-
Effect of electrical field on buoyancy-induced flows in an enclosure

EHD-enhanced heat transfer is numerically examined for laminar natural convection in an enclosure with differentially heated vertical walls. Attention is also focused on the effect of added electric field on the flow stability. The electrical field is generated by positive corona from a wire electrode located at the center of the enclosure and charged with a high DC voltage (10/spl les/V/sub 0/ /spl les/17.5 kV). The thermal buoyancy effects considered are in the range of 10/sup 3/<Ra/spl les/10/sup 6/. For a given Rayleigh number, the flow and temperature fields change from a steady state to periodic and nonperiodic convection as the applied voltage increases. It is found that heat transfer enhancement increases with the applied voltage but decreases with the Rayleigh number. Due to the existence of secondary flows, there is an improvement in heat transfer and is most significant for flows at a small Rayleigh number.
On the analysis and design of neural nets with an implementation via CMOS VLSI

The author presents a mathematical framework for the analysis and consequently the design of neural networks which would guarantee the convergence of solutions and the existence of finite number of steady-state (equilibrium) solutions only. He also introduces certain conditions on the desired memories so that they can be stored and presents a synthesis for the interconnection matrix to store a given set of memories. A CMOS VLSI implementation is briefly described. >
Tissue engineering and regeneration of lymphatic structures

Tissue engineering is the process by which biological structures are recreated using a combination of molecular signals, cellular components and scaffolds. Although the perceived potential of this approach to reconstruct damaged or missing tissues is seemingly limitless, application of these ideas in vivo has been more difficult than expected. However, despite these obstacles, important advancements have been reported for a number of organ systems, including recent reports on the lymphatic system. These advancements are important since the lymphatic system plays a central role in immune responses, regulation of inflammation, lipid absorption and interstitial fluid homeostasis. Insights obtained over the past two decades have advanced our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that govern lymphatic development and function. Utilizing this knowledge has led to important advancements in lymphatic tissue engineering, which is the topic of this review.
Wireless impedance measurement of UHF RFID tag chips

We present wireless impedance measurement for passive UHF RFID tag chips. The measurements are performed on the tag chip when it is connected to the tag antenna in the balanced mode as it operates; neither test fixture nor matching network is needed. The chip impedance measurement in absorbing state and reflecting state by using a time-domain vector reflectometer system. The experimental results are presented for a UHF RFID Gen2 device.
INTERACTION OF A SHOCK WITH A LONGITUDINAL VORTEX

In this paper we study the shock/longitudinal vortex interaction problem in axisymmetric geometry. Linearized analysis for small vortex strength is performed, and compared with results from a high order axisymmetric shock-fitted Euler solution obtained for this purpose. It is confirmed that for weak vortices, predictions from linear theory agree well with results from nonlinear numerical simulations at the shock location. To handle very strong longitudinal vortices, which may ultimately break the shock, we use an axisymmetric high order essentially non-oscillatory (ENO) shock capturing scheme. Comparison of shock-captured and shock-fitted results are performed in their regions of common validity. We also study the vortex breakdown as a function of Mach number ranging from 1.3 to 10, thus extending the range of existing results. For vortex strengths above a critical value, a triple point forms on the shock and a secondary shock forms to provide the necessary deceleration so that the fluid velocity can adjust to downstream conditions at the shock.
Analysis of General Circulation Model Sea-Surface Temperature Anomaly Simulations Using a Linear Model. Part II: Eigenanalysis

Abstract An eigenanalysis of the barotropic vorticity equation linearized about 300 mb climatological flow from a general circulation model (the NCAR CCM) control simulation is described. The goal is to determine if the known behavior of the Community Climate Model (CCM) during equatorial Pacific sea-surface temperature anomaly experiments can be interpreted in terms of the linear modes calculated in the analysis. Given that modes which would be expected to dominate steadily forced flow would either have rapid growth rates or neutral growth rates and long periods, inspection of the spectrum that results from the eigenanalysis suggests no one mode is likely to be markedly more important than all others. However, the structures of some of the leading modes are similar to anomalies produced by sea-surface temperatures in the CCM. This is especially true of the most rapidly growing mode, which is also more sensitive to steady forcing than any other mode. The (undamped) e-folding time of the fastest growing mo...
Treatment options in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer after BCG failure.

Bladder cancer is the ninth-most prevalent cancer worldwide. Most patients with urothelial cell carcinoma of the bladder present with non-muscle-invasive disease and are treated with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) intravesical therapy. Many of these patients experience disease recurrence after BCG failure. Radical cystectomy is the recommended treatment for high-risk patients failing BCG. However, many patients are unfit for or unwilling to undergo this procedure. We searched the published literature on the treatment of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) after BCG failure. We review current evidence regarding intravesical therapy with gemcitabine, mitomycin combined with thermo-chemotherapy, docetaxel, nab-paclitaxel, photodynamic therapy (PDT), BCG with interferon (IFN), and combination sequentially administered chemotherapy.
The Motivational Effects of Mission Matching: A Lab-Experimental Test of a Moderated Mediation Model

Scholarly literature finds positive motivational effects of matching workers and missions. However, the psychological mechanisms behind this matching effect have not been explored. This article develops and tests a moderated mediation model of mission matching in which meaningfulness serves as an intervening mechanism that explains the association between mission matching and effort. It also considers how individual differences in prosocial motivation influence the intervening role of meaningfulness. Using a real-effort laboratory experiment with monetary incentives, the article shows that matched subjects exert more effort than mismatched subjects, that this effect is mediated by increases in meaningfulness, that prosociality moderates the effect of a match on meaningfulness, and that the indirect effect of a match on effort through increases in meaningfulness varies as a function of prosociality. These results contribute to a more nuanced understanding of mission matching and suggest that matching may be particularly important for certain types of workers.
ℒ2 Solution of the quantum mechanical reactive scattering problem. The threshold energy for D + H2(v = 1) → HD + H

The first results of a new method for quantum mechanical calculations of chemical reaction probabilities are presented. The method involves the expansion of the amplitude density due to the difference between the true interaction potential and a distortion potential in a square integrable basis set and the solution of a large set of coupled equations for the basis function coefficients. They find a threshold energy for D + H/sub 2/(upsilon = 1) ..cap alpha.. HD + H, where upsilon is the vibrational quantum number, in good agreement with previous semiclassical tunneling calculations.
Insulin glargine 300 units/mL: A new basal insulin product for diabetes mellitus.

Purpose The pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of U-300 insulin glargine for the management of diabetes are reviewed. Summary U-300 (300 units/mL) insulin glargine is a long-acting basal insulin with low within-day variability, high day-to-day reproducibility, longer duration, and constant pharmacokinetic profile compared with U-100 (100 units/mL) insulin glargine. U-300 was evaluated in six randomized, active-comparator, open-label, Phase III clinical studies (EDITION trials) among patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes. The primary endpoint for all EDITION studies was the reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin from baseline to six months. Safety endpoints included confirmed or nocturnal hypoglycemia between week 9 and month 6 and the change in weight from baseline. For hypoglycemic episodes, U-300 insulin glargine was superior to U-100 insulin glargine when comparing the risk of hypoglycemia. U-300 insulin glargine is supplied in a prefilled device (for safety purposes) and packaged in boxes of three or five pens. It is still early to determine the role of U-300 insulin glargine in diabetes management. When compared with U-100 insulin glargine, U-300 insulin glargine appeared to be associated with a lower risk of hypoglycemia and nocturnal hypoglycemia, most likely due to its pharmacokinetics. The wholesale average cost of U-300 insulin glargine is $335.48 per box of three pens. Conclusion The efficacy outcomes of U-300 insulin glargine were similar to those of U-100 insulin glargine, but the constant pharmacokinetic profile and longer duration of action of U-300 insulin glargine may help certain patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes achieve better glycemic control.
Grafting the C5 root to the musculocutaneous nerve partially restores hand sensation in complete palsies of the brachial plexus.

BACKGROUND: In complete brachial plexus palsy, we have hypothesized that grafting to the musculocutaneous nerve should restore some hand sensation because the musculocutaneous nerve can drive hand sensation directly or via communication with the radial and median nerves. OBJECTIVE: To investigate sensory recovery in the hand and forearm after C5 root grafting to the musculocutaneous nerve in patients with a total brachial plexus injury. METHODS: Eleven patients who had recovered elbow flexion after musculocutaneous nerve grafting from a preserved C5 root and who had been followed for a minimum of 3 years were screened for sensory recovery in the hand and forearm. Six matched patients who had not undergone surgery served as controls. Methods of assessment included testing for pain sensation using Adson forceps, cutaneous pressure threshold measurements using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, and the static 2-point discrimination test. Deep sensation was evaluated by squeezing the first web space, and thermal sensation was assessed using warm and cold water. RESULTS: All grafted patients recovered sensation in a variable territory extending from just over the thenar eminence to the entire lateral forearm and hand. Seven patients were capable of perceiving 2-0 monofilament pressure on the thenar eminence, palm, and dorsoradial aspect of the hand. All could differentiate warm and cold water. None recovered 2-point discrimination. None of the patients in the control group recovered any kind of sensation in the affected limb. CONCLUSION: Grafting the musculocutaneous nerve can restore nociceptive sensation on the radial side of the hand.
NANOSCALE PHYSIOLOGY ON MILLIMETER SCALE ANIMALS

![Figure][1] In the past few decades there has been an explosion of measurement techniques that have made finer and more intricate measurements on smaller invertebrates more commonplace. Developments in electronic and sensor instrumentation have allowed insect physiologists to piece together
Multicompartment Block Polymer Micelles

Multicompartment micelles are an intriguing class of self-assembled aggregates with subdivided solvophobic cores. They have been subject to extensive research in part due to their unique morphological and sequestration properties as a result of multiple distinct chemical environments being in close proximity within one nanostructure. Multicompartment micelles hold potential for use in various applications that include the therapeutic delivery of multiple incompatible drug payloads. The present Perspective reviews recent achievements in strategies for the synthesis, self-assembly, and morphological control of multicompartment micelles and highlights future challenges and potential applications.
Multi-bunch Operation of a Laser-Compton X-ray Source Based on Compact X-band Accelerator Technology

Multi-bunch operation of a 35 keV, laser-Compton x-ray source in which a single laser pulse interacts with a train of closely spaced electron bunches is demonstrated for the first time.
Monitoring report for high-risk area of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in Cangzhou city

Objective To understand the population's iodine nutritional status of the region where iodized salt coverage was less than 80% for two consecutive years in Cangzhou city.Methods According to the requirement of the "National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program(Trial)",thyroid volume and urinary iodine were determined by ultrasonography and arsenic-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry in 8 to 10 yearsold children,respectively,and iodine content in salt was detected by rapid test kit.Results Total goiter rate was 3.00%(n=1 500).The median urinary iodine were 206.77 μg/L and 196.10 μg/L in children aged 8 to 10(n=1 431) and childbearing women(n=362),respectively.Conclusions There was no lack of iodine nutrition in the counties where iodized salt coverage was less than 80% in the year of 2007 and 2008 in Cangzhou city.
There goes the gaybourhood? Dispersion and clustering in a gay and lesbian real estate market in Dallas TX, 1986–2012:

Gay and lesbian neighbourhoods play a pivotal role as places of safety, empowerment and visibility for gay and lesbian individuals. Using over 9000 real estate listings from the gay- and lesbian-oriented Dallas Voice newspaper, our paper uses spatial statistical methods to explore the location of gay and lesbian neighbourhoods in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA). With data spanning the years 1986 to 2012, we examine how gay and lesbian real estate hot spots have changed over time. Advertisers consistently listed rental properties in the primary gay neighbourhood of Oak Lawn in central Dallas. However, for-sale property listings tell another story; hot spots expanded considerably from the traditional gay neighbourhoods of Oak Lawn and Oak Cliff to include a number of adjacent neighbourhoods through the mid-2000s, then contracted during the late 2000s. We conclude that while adjacent neighbourhoods have become hot spots in recent years, the gay- and lesbian-oriented real estate mark...
“Tackling the Difficult:” A Review of Janet Salmons’ Doing Qualitative Research Online

Researchers are increasingly utilizing online data in completing and broadening the scope of their work. Janet Salmons has authored a guide for novice researchers on appropriate methodologies, data collection, and analysis procedures for pursuing qualitative online research. Keywords: Online, Qualitative Research, Academia and the Internet Noted scholar Noam Chomsky once argued, "The internet could be a very positive step towards education, organization and participant in a meaningful society." It is impossible to deny the connectivity of the Internet. Few people have no connection to the online world. In academia, the Internet poses challenges for accuracy in research as well as offering a new avenue to pursue inquiry. Janet Salmons has tackled the difficult subject of online qualitative research in a succinct yet admirable book - Doing Qualitative Research Online. Divided into three parts, Salmons delves into the complex world of online research by framing three key concepts: the qualitative framework, ethical considerations when conducting online qualitative research, and collecting data. All three sections explain the purpose, process, and product of online qualitative research. The first section of this study outlines the types of online data available to the qualitative researcher. Salmons states: "While many conventional methods can be adapted and adopted to research conducted online, new thinking and emergent approaches are called for that make use of the unique forms of exchange and data retrieval possible online" (p. 3). By clarifying what "conventional methods" are available to the researcher, Salmons presents a foundation to the reader to understand the opportunities for qualitative researchers to use online data to collect data. Salmons adds to the foundation of online qualitative research she established in the first section of the study by elucidating how researchers must approach their work ethically. She writes "at its simplest research ethics can be defined as the responsibility of the researcher toward others, including society broadly, other scholars, and most importantly those whose attitudes, behaviors, and experiences we are studying" (p. 58). Importantly, Salmons distinguishes "internet research ethics" from "traditional" qualitative research as having unique demands on the researcher. These characteristics include: the protection of human subjects, informed consent, respecting a research site, and the protection of data and participant identities. …
Distribution of angiotensin II receptor subtypes in rat and human kidney

Angiotensin II initiates a variety of physiological effects in the kidney by binding to high-affinity receptors on plasma membranes. Recently, two subtypes of angiotensin II receptors have been dis...
Heartbeat sensing and control of the 3D LED cube

Recent advancement of sensing technology has fueled increasing interests in the development of cardiac monitoring systems. However, existing devices are limited in their ability to effectively characterize different disease patterns in a 3D way. An ECG sensing device with high visualizability can assist in the decision-making process of cardiovascular disease treatments. In this undergraduate project, we designed and developed a new device to characterize and visualize single-channel ECG signals in a 3D LED cube. Collected signals are processed using signal processing techniques, e.g., smoothing, gradient, and Laplacian. Processed signals are then used as inputs to control the hue, saturation and brightness of LEDs in a 3D LED cube. As such, disease characteristics of ECG signals are dynamically represented by colored patterns in the LED cube. This device shows strong potentials to increase the visibility and interpretability of information pertinent to the underlying complex cardiac activity.
Context dependent beliefs

Abstract This paper examines a model where the set of available outcomes from which a decision maker must choose alters his perception of uncertainty. Specifically, this paper proposes a set of axioms such that each menu induces a subjective belief over an objective state space. The decision maker’s preferences are dependent on the realization of the state. The resulting representation is analogous to state-dependent expected utility within each menu; the beliefs are menu dependent and the utility index is not. Under the interpretation that a menu acts as an informative signal regarding the true state, the paper examines the behavioral restrictions that coincide with different signal structures: elemental (where each element of a menu is a conditionally independent signal) and partitional (where the induced beliefs form a partition of the state space).
Thank You, Mr. President: Journalist Gender in Presidential News Conferences

Many factors can influence journalists and the news. This study focuses on the influence of a journalist’s gender in the White House press corps by examining presidential news conferences and comparing what issues male and female journalists cover in their questions across eight administrations, from Richard Nixon to Barack Obama. This content analysis revealed three notable trends. First, women did not get called upon more often for questions over the course of the eight administrations. Second, in the aggregate, men and women were similar in their issue emphases. Third, when an additional influence was taken into account—the administration’s party affiliation—men and women journalists shifted their issue emphases.
Defensive tradeoffs are not prerequisites to plant diversity in a two species model

Trait‐based theories of biodiversity consider interspecific tradeoffs among species‐specific traits as prerequisites to maintaining community evenness, a component of species diversity. Such tradeoffs are commonly observed in plant communities, particularly in relation to traits associated with resistance to herbivory. Indeed, global experiments show that interspecific tradeoffs are common between plant defense and growth or competitive ability; however, the positive effects of herbivory on plant diversity predicted by theories with trait‐based tradeoffs are far less commonly observed. Moreover, both the overall and relative importance of these tradeoffs in promoting plant diversity are not well known. To disentangle the relationships among growth, competition, and defense in relation to plant community evenness, we built a model that describes the effects of a shared herbivore on two plant species with the potential to differ in each of these traits. While tradeoffs between plant defense and growth or competitive ability can increase plant diversity via evenness, this is not always the case nor is it a requirement for increased diversity. Herbivores may increase plant diversity even in the absence of defensive tradeoffs, preferentially consuming apparently maladapted species, by limiting the negative effects of interspecific interactions. Therefore, the importance of defensive tradeoffs in increasing diversity may not be as important, or as straightforward, as previously hypothesized.
Intelligent Interruption Management using Electro Dermal Activity based Physiological Sensor for Collaborative Sensemaking

Sensemaking tasks are difficult to accomplish with limited time and attentional resources because analysts are faced with a constant stream of new information. While this information is often important, the timing of the interruptions may detract from analyst's work. In an ideal world, there would be no interruptions. But that is not the case in real world sensemaking tasks. So, in this study, we explore the value of timing interruptions based on an analyst's state of arousal as detected by Electrodermal activity derived form galvanic skin response (EDA). In a laboratory study, we compared performance when interruptions were timed to occur during increasing arousal, decreasing arousal, at random intervals or not at all. Analysts performed significantly better when interruptions occurred during periods of increasing arousal than when they were random. Further, analysts rated process component of team experience significantly higher also during periods of increasing arousal than when they were random. Self-reported workload was not impacted by interruptions timing. We discuss how system designs could leverage inexpensive off-the-shelf wrist sensors to improve interruption timing.
Explicit Social Goals and Learning in a Game for Cross-cultural Negotiation

Games motivate through challenge, which is often supported by giving proximal, task-related goals. In an educational game for social skills, however, these may not be the most appropriate goals. We ran an experiment in which 54 students played a game designed to teach cross-cultural negotiation skills, with either negotiation task goals or with an additional social goal. The group not given the social goal performed significantly better on most measures. However, students who reported having social goals, regardless of condition, learned significantly more than students who did not report social goals. This experiment provides evidence that while explicit goals may not be the right scaffold, social goals are important in learning cross-cultural negotiation from an educational game.
An American Indian Skeleton with Clubfoot from the Cabin Burial Site (A1184), Hemphill County, Texas

A case of unilateral idiopathic congenital clubfoot in an adult American Indian skeleton from the Cabin Burial site is described. A knife found with the burial dates the individual to the Antelope ...
Multi-bit memories fabricated through mechanical and plasma induced deformation of layered semiconductors

To realize hardware-based artificial intelligence (AI) systems for practical applications, it is necessary to create new memory devices with multiple (or analog-tunable) long-lasting memory states.[1] In our work, we identify that the interlayer deformation in layered semiconductors can form multiple long-lasting, metastable charge-trapping states, which can be exploited to fabricate memory transistors with multi-bit data storage states. We have demonstrated that both plasma treatment and mechanical shear exfoliation can be used to generate such charge-trapping states, and the fabricated MoS 2 and WSe 2 memory transistors have 2-bit and 3-bit data storage states with year- and day-scale retention times, respectively. This work advances the scientific and technical knowledge for manipulating charge memory states in layered materials and producing multi-bit memory components.
Sex Hormones Regulate Rat Hepatic Monocarboxylate Transporter Expression and Membrane Trafficking

Purpose: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) are involved in the transport of monocarboxylates such as ketone bodies, lactate, and pharmaceutical agents. CD147 functions as an ancillary protein for MCT1 and MCT4 for plasma membrane trafficking. Sex differences in MCT1 and MCT4 have been observed in muscle and reproductive tissues; however, there is a paucity of information on MCT sex differences in tissues involved in drug disposition. The objective of the present study was to quantify hepatic MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 mRNA, total cellular and membrane protein expression in males, over the estrous cycle in females and in ovariectomized (OVX) females. Method: Liver samples were collected from females at the four estrous cycle stages (proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus), OVX females and male Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 3 – 5). Estrus cycle stage of females was determined by vaginal lavage. mRNA and protein (total and membrane) expression of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 was evaluated by qPCR and western blot analysis. Results: MCT1 mRNA and membrane protein expression varied with estrous cycle stage, with OVX females having higher expression than males, indicating that female sex hormones may play a role in MCT1 regulation. MCT4 membrane expression varied with estrous cycle stage with expression significantly lower than males. MCT4 membrane expression in OVX females was also lower than males, suggesting that androgens play a role in membrane expression of MCT4. Males had higher membrane CD147 expression, whereas there was no difference in whole cell protein and mRNA levels suggesting that androgens are involved in regulating CD147 membrane localization. Conclusions: This study demonstrates hepatic expression and membrane localization of MCT1, MCT4 and CD147 are regulated by sex hormones. Sex differences in hepatic MCT expression may lead to altered drug disposition, so it is critical to elucidate the underlying mechanisms in the sex hormone-dependent regulation of MCT expression. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW . Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
Non-Traditional Belief Groups: Accommodation and Outreach.

AbstractThis study examined the policies, programming, and supports offered to matriculating students who are members of non-traditional belief groups at public institutions of higher education across the midwestern United States. This study defined students who may be members of non-traditional faith groups, such as agnostics, atheists, and Pagans. Results from this study suggest that Midwest public institutions within the stratified purposive sample were not providing adequate accommodation opportunities for student members of non-traditional belief groups in the areas of (a) campus culture, (b) differential accommodation policies for courses, and (c) complexity of processes. This study provides recommendations for practice for inclusion of student members from non-traditional belief groups.
The Effects of the Broad Spectrum of Physical Activity on the Biological Processes in the Chesapeake Bay

Abstract A multidisciplinary program to investigate the bio-physical processes and interactions in estuarine environments has been initiated. Significant effects on the biological food chains can result from physical activity on virtually all scales — from seasonal circulatio and stratification patterns to the localized small-scale internal wave and turbulent mixing activity. The focus of initial efforts has been on the small-scale dynamic processes in the Chesapeake Bay. Simultaneous biological, physical, and chemical measurements have illustrated the nature of these processes in the Chesapeake Bay and bring to light the key role they play in the total system ecology.
RESISTIVITY CHANGES OF TISSUE DURING THE APPLICATION OF INJURIOUS 60 HZ CURRENTS

ABSTRACT Changes in resistivity have been demonstrated with temperature alteration and tissue degradation. Previous studies indicate a −5 ohm/°C. It is well known that elevated temperature over various periods of time produce tissue necrosis. A change in resistivity occurs during application of 60 Hz currents with a concomittant temperature rise. This study was designed to evaluate the time alteration of resistivity during application of 60 Hz currents to the living animal. Results in the living anesthetized dog demonstrate non-linear alterations in resistivity with tissue temperature elevation. The tissue resistivity is reduced with increasing temperature. It is also reduced by a constant elevated temperature with tissue damage. This study compares resistivity alterations with both tissue vitality and tissue temperature elevation. The tissue integrity was evaluated using high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.