cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of Parole Supervision: Use of Propensity Score Matching to Analyze Reincarceration Rates in Kentucky:

Recent years have seen increasing concerns about the importance of offender reentry and how to best facilitate ex-offenders remaining crimefree. Common responses have been to enhance punitiveness, and to decrease resources and support services for ex-offenders. Results have been consistently high levels of recidivism, and consequently increasingly punitive responses. The present study examines whether a cohort of offenders released to the community in Kentucky either under parole supervision or at the expiration of their sentences are more likely to be reincarcerated within a 5-year period. The participants of each cohort were constructed into two groups using propensity score matching to control for differences between them.
Primary Care and Specialty Care Delays in Diagnosing Trichophyton verrucosum Infection Related to Cattle Exposure

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify exposure risks, body site of presentation, length of time from symptom onset to definitive diagnosis, initial and eventual treatment courses, and the number of medical visits between initial assessment and definitive diagnosis for patients with culture-proven Trichophyton verrucosum (T. verrucosum) skin infection, and to report the specialties of physicians making the initial assessment and the eventual correct diagnosis. Chart data were abstracted from patients diagnosed with culture-proven T. verrucosum in the Marshfield Clinic system from May 1996 to August 2009. Fifty-one patients were identified and included in the study. Of the 51 patients studied, 39 had a documented history of cattle exposure. The average length of time from symptom onset to diagnosis was 41.5 days. Prior to a culture-positive T. verrucosum diagnosis, 35 patients were treated with topical medications, 10 received oral antibiotics, and 6 received no initial treatment. After a cul...
Antimicrobial and Chemotactic Activities of ω-Conotoxin Cyclic Analogues

The family of ω-conotoxins isolated from paralytic venomous of Conus snails has been known to be an antagonist of presynaptic N-type calcium ion channels. They share certain similarities to the newly discovered family of antimicrobial macrocyclic peptides found in plant [1]. Both are basic peptides with a four-β-loop scaffold constrained by a cystine-knot disulfide motif. We have prepared three cyclic ω-conotoxin analogues with different disulfide constraints to determine whether the open-chain co-conotoxins are microbicidal and whether their activity can be improved by end-to-end cyclic analogues mimicking the plant macrocycles. In addition, we have also determined their hemolytic and chemotactic activities attendant to membranolytic and defense mechanisms of antimicrobials.
Rheumatologic skills development: what are the needs of internal medicine residents?

Given the burden of rheumatic disease in our society and the anticipated future shortage of rheumatologists, all internal medicine (IM) residencies need to train internists who are capable of caring for patients with rheumatic diseases. The objective of this study was to perform a targeted needs assessment of the self-confidence of IM residents in the evaluation and care of patients with rheumatologic diseases. A 16-item, web-based, self-assessed confidence survey tool was administered to participating post graduate year (PGY)1 (N = 83) and PGY3 (N = 37) residents. The categories of questions included self-confidence in performing a rheumatologic history and exam, performing common rheumatologic procedures, ordering and interpreting rheumatologic laboratory tests, and caring for patients with common rheumatologic diseases. Resident demographics, prior rheumatology exposure, and career plans were also queried. PGY3 residents had higher self-assessed confidence than PGY1 residents in all categories. Self-assessed confidence in joint procedures was consistently low in both groups and when compared to other categories. Prior exposure to a rheumatology course or elective was not consistently associated with higher self-assessed confidence ratings across all categories. PGY3 residents showed less interest in rheumatology as a career than PGY1 residents, although the interest in the topic of rheumatology was not statistically different. Our needs assessment shows a low level of self-assessed confidence in rheumatology knowledge and skills among IM residents. Despite improvement with PGY year of training, self-assessed confidence remains low. To improve resident’s skills and self-confidence in rheumatology, more curricular innovations are needed. Such innovations should be assessed for overall effectiveness.
Cancer metastases: Are one and all the same?

Understanding whether one or more tumor clones contribute to metastasis has important clinical implications. For instance, if all metastases share driver alterations that can be traced back to a common ancestor, then targeting those alterations would be expected to be an effective therapeutic
Maxillary sinusitis with optic neuritis

Abstract While conservative treatment resulted in slight improvement in the visual acuity, rapid betterment and ultimate normal vision followed the removal of infected tissue from the maxillary sinus. It is fair to conclude that the infection within the antrum was the cause of the optic neuritis. Conservative measures should be instituted while the search for foci of infection is progressing but once a focus is definitely established it must be eliminated without delay. Careful investigation and planning should precede nasal surgery.
On Covering the Unit Ball in Normed Spaces

By compactness, the unit ball Bn in Rn has a finite covering by translates of rBn , for any r > 0. The main theorem of this note shows that a weaker covering property does not hold in any infinite-dimensional normed space.
Reading Level and Comprehension of Research Consent Forms An Integrative Review

Consent forms continue to be at a higher reading level than the recommended sixth to eighth grade, making it difficult for participants to comprehend information before enrolling in research. To assess and address the extent of the problem regarding the level of literacy of consent forms and update previously published reports, we conducted an integrative literature review of English language research published between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2013; 35 descriptive and eight intervention studies met inclusion criteria. Results confirmed that developing forms at eighth-grade level was attainable though not practiced. It was found that risks of participation was the section most poorly understood. There was also a lack of consensus regarding the most effective method to increase comprehension. Further research using standardized tools is needed to determine the best approach for improving consent forms and processes.
Transmission of Resistance Gene Pi-ta in Rice Backbone Parent and It’s Derivatives

Hejiang 20 is one of the most important backbone parents in cold region.In this paper,the rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta genetic transmission between Hejiang 20 and its 27 derivatives were analyzed by using the dominant rice Pi-ta gene markers.The results showed that frequency of resistance gene Pi-ta was 50% in the first generations of Hejiang 20 derivatives,and the frequency of occurrence in the second-generation derivative varieties was 33.3%,and the frequency of occurrence in the third-generation of derivative varieties was 7.7%.Disease transmission of the resistant gent Pi-ta just liked as Hejiang 20 derivative map.The spectral analysis of Pi-ta results indicated that it was a positive correlation for resistance gene between offspring and derived varieties.These results could be caused by the loss of resistance genes in the species,which was also might be one of the main reasons to determine the levels of rice blast for the different rice varieties.
Abstract A123: CD14+ monocyte recruitment, transformation and support of tumor survival in a lung cancer model

Our previous work has shown that in multiple hematologic and solid malignancies, an increased presence of CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg cells in the peripheral blood are associated with systemic immune suppression and poor prognosis. We have also demonstrated that glioblastoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma tumor cells can convert healthy donor CD14+ cells into CD14+HLA-DRlo/neg. Thus, a critical step toward the generation of these immune suppressive cells is the recruitment of CD14+ monocytes to the tumor. In this study we investigated the mechanism for monocyte recruitment by lung cancer cell lines, the effect these lines have on the monocytes, and the effect the monocytes have on the tumor. Monocyte recruitment by H23, a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, was studied using freshly isolated CD14+ cells and measured in real time with live cell imaging. Monocytes from 10 of 10 unique healthy donors robustly migrated towards H23 supernatant in a dose dependent fashion. H23 produces CCL2 at levels of 9160 ± 1615 pg/mL measured by ELISA in addition to elaborating the monocyte recruitment factors CXCL1 and IL-8 seen by cytokine array. A 2 day co-culture of H23 with monocytes from 17 of 18 unique healthy volunteers resulted in downregulated monocyte cell surface expression of HLA-DR by 49.7% ± 22.1%, a phenotype known to mediate both local and systemic immune suppression. Most importantly, monocytes had a positive effect on H23 survival under stress conditions. H23 continuously exposed to cisplatin in culture had improved survival when co-cultured with monocytes for 2 days prior to cisplatin exposure. After 6 days of low serum growth conditions, H23 survival and proliferation was bolstered by the presence of monocytes in culture resulting in a 2 fold greater number of viable H23 cells compared to H23 cultured in low serum without monocytes. These experiments have been repeated and showed that 3 of 4 additional human lung cancer cell lines demonstrated improved survival in low serum growth conditions when co-cultured with monocytes. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the active recruitment of monocytes by lung cancer cell lines, the transformation of the monocytes to an immune suppressive phenotype and the monocyte cancer cross-talk that results in improved tumor survival when exposed to the likely in vivo conditions of a nutrient poor environment or chemotherapy. Taken together these results suggest that the recruitment of monocytes may confer additional survival benefit in the tumor microenvironment beyond local immune suppression and angiogenesis. Citation Format: Erin Schenk, Allan Dietz. CD14+ monocyte recruitment, transformation and support of tumor survival in a lung cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A123.
TU-H-201-05: Panel Discussion Member

The New New Symposium is a symposium for members relatively new to the organization to learn about the organizational structure and operational procedures of the society; how decisions are made, how the council and committee leadership is appointed and operates, opportunities for volunteer involvement, and a brief overview of the services and efforts provided by the HQ staff and the website. Attendees will hear from council chairs, key staff and chairs, and members with volunteer experience. After the symposium a social hour ensues with opportunities to interact with key AAPM members. The New Member Symposium is a (free) ticket option when you register online for the Annual Meeting. And don't forget registrants receive one (free) ticket for a beverage of your choice during the social afterwards.
Bickerstaff’s Brainstem Encephalitis in a Patient with Remote History of Guillain-Barre Syndrome: Case Presentation and Literature Review (P6.134)

Objective: To describe a case and review the literature about a patient with Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis (BBE) and a prior remote history of Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). Background: Originally thought to be separate entities, Miller-Fisher syndrome (MFS), BBE, and GBS have been linked via the presence of anti-GQ1b antibodies. These syndromes are known to overlap in some patients, but there are no prior reports of GBS preceding BBE with interval development of anti-GQ1b antibody. Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: A 51-year-old male was diagnosed with GBS twelve years ago with a rapidly-ascending motor paralysis and areflexia without cranial nerve involvement. EMG was consistent with an acute demyelinating polyneuropathy. Serum studies at the time were notable for elevated Campylobacter jejuni antibody and undetectable anti-GQ1b antibody. The patient made a full recovery after treatment with plasma exchange and IVIG treatments. He recently came to our hospital with a 2 week history of worsening gait and right-handed clumsiness. On exam, he had right arm and leg ataxia, symmetrically hyperactive reflexes, broad-based ataxic gait, and nausea with vomiting. MRI was remarkable for T2/FLAIR hyperintensities in bilateral superior cerebellar peduncles, right greater than left, with right-sided enhancement. CSF was positive for oligoclonal bands. Serum studies were positive for anti-GQ1b and anti-RNP antibodies. His symptoms progressed to bilateral lower extremity ataxia precluding ambulation and right-sided internuclear ophthalmoplegia(INO). The patient was treated with a five-day course of IVIG with immediate improvement of ataxia and the INO. Three weeks after IVIG, the patient had resolution of the right INO and further continued improvement of ataxia. Conclusions: Patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome may have interval development of anti-GQ1b antibody and conceivably might be at risk for Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis. Disclosure: Dr. Douglas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Garg has nothing to disclose. Dr. Schneck has received research support from NIH (POINT, COSS, ARUBA, ALIAS, Lundbeck (DIAS4), TIMI-50 Consortium, and Local PI Multicenter Clincial trials.
[John Stores Smith], ‘Personal Reminiscences: A Day with Charlotte Brontë’ (1850), in The Free Lance: A Journal of Humour and Criticism (Manchester), vol. iii (14 March 1868), pp. 85–7

The village of Haworth, its weather-beaten church, and lonely and desolate parsonage, have been painted in words so very frequently and, at times, so very well, since the lamented death of her who alone rendered that obscure hamlet worth a passing word, as to render it almost supererogatory for me to add another to that multitude of descriptions. And yet any attempt to give a full and vivid conception of Charlotte Bronte would altogether fail if quite stripped of due local colouring. For the material aspects of Haworth — the quiet desolation of its mouldy struggle to the unbroken solitudes of the boundless moors, are the background upon which, and upon which only, can Miss Bronte’s portrait be portrayed. Haworth was a part of her innermost nature; it was the ground melody that ran through her every book, and laid the basis of her idiosyncrasy. Had the Bronte family lived in any other village in England, there might have been a Charlotte Bronte, but assuredly there would have been no Currer Bell. It was the visible, material Haworth, and its surrounding belt of trackless and unpopulated moorland, that made poets of the young Brontes — poets none the less because their inspiration did not have a rhythmic utterance — that gave the strange, almost unearthly tone to their intellectual characteristics. Haworth called their genius into being — moulded it into ripened originality, and then slew them. It was at once the creator of Currer Bell and her assassin. Therefore, a few descriptive touches are essential to any attempted photograph of that lady. Moreover, I am conscious to this moment how thoroughly the spirit of the place weighed upon my own mind and nature, and coloured my first impressions of Miss Bronte, and has entwined itself around her in my memory inseparably for ever.
Methods for network identification robust with respect to uncertainties in a topology

The paper tackles the problem of identifying an individual transfer function in a network of linear dynamical systems in the presence of loops under the assumptions that (i) only a subset of the nodes is observable, and (ii) data are being passively recorded (i.e. it is not possible to intervene on any part of the system by actively injecting an input). Such a scenario is often encountered in the study of many naturally occurring systems and is also motivated by operating networked systems where the injection of an external signal might lead to undesired disruptions. Sufficient conditions on which signals should be observable to guarantee the identifiability of a desired link are provided. The enabling result is the fact that the notion of d-separation for graphs (see [1], [2]) implies a notion of independence for networks of linear dynamical systems as well [3], allowing one to import identification methodologies developed in different areas. This talk exemplifies how to import methodologies from the domain of graphical models to solve control and identification problems.
The AKT-mTOR Signaling Pathway for Drug Response Prediction and Prognostic Signatures

The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling cascade is a prominent deregulated pathway in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Genomic studies have revealed that different members of this pathway are mutated across different tumors, but the mutation status itself often does not predict the protein activation status of the signaling network. In the context of targeted therapy, the functional exploration of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network represents a novel approach for the stratification of the patients toward more specific treatments. Because phosphorylation is the main post-translational modification involved in the functional activation of the signaling cascade, several studies have evaluated the role of PI3K activation in conjunction with its downstream substrates as prognostic and predictive biomarkers for response to therapy. Due to the emerging importance of functional proteomic studies in the identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers, different technologies have been developed to investigate the human kinome and its activation. This chapter will provide an overview of the role of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling network as a predictive and prognostic biomarker across different tumors along with a panel of high throughput and multiplex technologies used to broadly investigate functional changes.
Patient-reported pathways to opioid use disorders and pain-related barriers to treatment engagement.

Background Risk factors associated with developing opioid use disorders (OUD) are documented, but less is known about different pathways to initiation of opioids or opioid dependence, or how such pathways affect treatment engagement.
Automated Construction of Molecular Active Spaces from Atomic Valence Orbitals

We introduce the atomic valence active space (AVAS), a simple and well-defined automated technique for constructing active orbital spaces for use in multiconfiguration and multireference (MR) electronic structure calculations. Concretely, the technique constructs active molecular orbitals capable of describing all relevant electronic configurations emerging from a targeted set of atomic valence orbitals (e.g., the metal d orbitals in a coordination complex). This is achieved via a linear transformation of the occupied and unoccupied orbital spaces from an easily obtainable single-reference wave function (such as from a Hartree–Fock or Kohn–Sham calculations) based on projectors to targeted atomic valence orbitals. We discuss the premises, theory, and implementation of the idea, and several of its variations are tested. To investigate the performance and accuracy, we calculate the excitation energies for various transition-metal complexes in typical application scenarios. Additionally, we follow the homoly...
DEPRESSION IN THE ELDERLY: Myths and Misconceptions

Despite myths to the contrary, existing evidence suggests that depression in the elderly is not different in its symptoms, more frequent, more chronic, more difficult to treat, or more attributable to psychosocial factors than depression in younger persons. The degree to which the pessimism generated by the untruths has overshadowed the realities uncovered by careful scientific inquiry is a disservice to older adults experiencing late-life depression.
External Arrhythmia Ablation Using Photon Beams: Ablation of the Atrioventricular Junction in an Intact Animal Model.

Background— This study sought to investigate external photon beam radiation for catheter-free ablation of the atrioventricular junction in intact pigs. Methods and Results— Ten pigs were randomized to either sham irradiation or irradiation of the atrioventricular junction (55, 50, 40, and 25 Gy). Animals underwent baseline electrophysiological evaluation, cardiac gated multi-row computed tomographic imaging for beam delivery planning, and intensity-modulated radiation therapy. Doses to the coronary arteries were optimized. Invasive follow-up was conducted ≤4 months after the irradiation. A mean volume of 2.5±0.5 mL was irradiated with target dose. The mean follow-up length after irradiation was 124.8±30.8 days. Out of 7 irradiated animals, complete atrioventricular block was achieved in 6 animals of all 4 dose groups (86%). Using the same targeting margins, ablation lesion size notably increased with the delivered dose because of volumetric effects of isodose lines around the target volume. The mean macroscopically calculated atrial lesion volume for all 4 dose groups was 3.8±1.1 mL, lesions extended anteriorly into the interventricular septum. No short-term side effects were observed. No damage was observed in the tissues of the esophagus, phrenic nerves, or trachea. However, histology revealed in-field beam effects outside of the target volume. Conclusions— Single-fraction doses as low as 25 Gy caused a lesion with interruption of cardiac impulse propagation using this respective target volume. With doses of ≤55 Gy, maximal point-doses to coronary arteries could be kept <7Gy, but target conformity of lesions was not fully achieved using this approach.
High-resolution optical spectroscopy with a buffer-gas-cooled beam of BaH molecules

Barium monohydride (BaH) is an attractive candidate for extending laser cooling and trapping techniques to diatomic hydrides. The apparatus and high-resolution optical spectroscopy presented here demonstrate progress toward this goal. A cryogenic buffer-gas-cooled molecular beam of BaH was constructed and characterized. Pulsed laser ablation into cryogenic helium buffer gas delivers $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$ molecules/sr/pulse in the $X^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$ (${v}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=0,{N}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}=1$) state of primary interest. More than $1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{7}$ of these molecules per pulse enter the downstream science region with forward velocities below 100 m/s and transverse temperature of 0.1 K. This molecular beam enabled high-resolution optical spectra of BaH in quantum states relevant to laser slowing and cooling. The reported measurements include hyperfine structure and magnetic $g$ factors in the $X^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$, $B^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Sigma}}^{+}$, and $A^{2}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Pi}}_{1/2}$ states.
Platelet Function in ITP, Independent of Platelet Count, Is Consistent Over Time and Is Associated with Both Current and Subsequent Bleeding Severity.

Background Treatment decisions for patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are difficult because patients with similarly low platelet counts differ in their bleeding tendency. We recently reported that platelet function tests, independent of platelet count, are associated with concurrent bleeding severity, suggesting that these tests may be useful indicators of future bleeding in ITP. Objectives To test this hypothesis, we evaluated the consistency of these platelet function tests over time and their association with subsequent bleeding severity. Methods Bleeding score and platelet biomarkers were evaluated in a cross-sectional study of children with ITP at two visits separated by a median of 10 months. Results and Conclusions Correlations between Visit 1 and Visit 2 results for immature platelet fraction, circulating and agonist-stimulated platelet surface P-selectin, and activated GPIIb–IIIa and GPIbα indicated consistency of the platelet phenotype over time. Consistent with our previous findings, platelet biomarkers at each visit were significantly associated with the concurrent bleeding score. Furthermore, increased P-selectin on circulating platelets and reduced agonist-stimulated P-selectin and activated GPIIb–IIIa-positive platelets at Visit 1 were significantly associated with bleeding scores at Visit 2 and remained significantly associated with bleeding severity after adjustment for platelet count. These results suggest a mechanistic link between desensitization of agonist receptors and increased bleeding severity. In summary, platelet function in ITP, independent of platelet count, is consistent over time and is associated with both concurrent and subsequent bleeding severity. These findings support further evaluation of platelet function testing to help guide patient management in ITP.
Case 19: An Unusual Cause of Difficult Tracheal Intubation

A 45-year-old, 80 kg Sikh man from India is admitted for repair of scapholunate dislocation. His past medical history and physical exam is unremarkable. He is classified as an ASA 1. He has got a full beard and speaks English very well. He requests a regional block, but unfortunately it proves to be inadequate for the surgery. General anesthesia is decided upon. Since it is not possible to accurate define the size of his thyroid-mental distance, a rapid sequence induction and intubation is decided upon. After preoxygenation, general anesthesia is induced with intravenous propofol 200 mg followed by succinylcholine 100 mg. Ventilation is easily accomplished by mask. At laryngoscopy the patient’s jaw is found not to be relaxed. Trismus is considered. The nerve stimulator shows loss of twitch. A Macintosh #3 laryngoscope blade is passed into the pharynx with great difficulty due to the very restricted mouth opening. Only the epiglottis is seen, but you manage to successfully place a #7 endotracheal tube in the trachea.
A Rare Case of Pancreatitis From Pancreatic Herniation

Acute pancreatitis is a commonly encountered condition, and proper workup requires evaluation for underlying causes such as gallstones, alcohol, hypertriglyceridemia, trauma, and medications. We present a case of pancreatitis due to a rare etiology: pancreatic herniation in the context of a type IV hiatal hernia which involves displacement of the stomach with other abdominal organs into the thoracic cavity. J Med Cases. 2018;9(5):154-156 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jmc3036w
Sensational Judgmentalism: Reconciling Solomon and James

Robert Solomon is responsible for developing one of the most influential and sophisticated cognitive theories of emotion in recent philosophy. In his own work, and in commentaries, this theory is often contrasted with the non-cognitive theory of William James. For James, emotions are felt sensations of changes in the body. For Solomon, emotions are judgments that have intentional objects and can occur without feelings. Solomon also says that emotions, unlike usual sensations, are strategic choices rather than automatics responses. This chapter argues that, despite this apparent contrast, the Jamesian view can be adapted to satisfy the basic tenets of Solomon’s theory, and the resulting hybrid may have been anticipated in Solomon, despite his reservations about James.
Sea urchin life-history strategies

Abstract Life history strategies are based on the characteristics of organisms that affect their fitness. Two environmental factors important in determining the life history strategy of organisms, including sea urchins, are stress, conditions that reduce production and disturbance, partial or total destruction of biomass. Disturbance includes predation. Different characteristics of different life history strategies are associated with different combinations of levels of stress and disturbance. The hypothesis that these characteristics are associated with particular habitats was tested by predicting where sea urchins with particular life history characteristics would occur. The habitats considered (the deep sea, Antarctic waters, tropical reef flats, kelp forests and tropical seagrass beds) differ in the levels of stress and disturbance. Species with different life history characteristics were found in the predicted habitats. Recognition of the life history strategies of sea urchins species is basic to understanding their biology and ecology. Knowledge of the strategies of extant sea urchins is useful for paleobiological and paleoecological studies. Strategies have important implications for fisheries management, conservation and evaluation of species for aquaculture. Habitats may be expected to change with ocean warming and acidification. The response of sea urchin species to the predicted changes may vary with life history strategy.
Neuropsychological and neuroimaging findings in traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder

Advances in imaging technology, coupled with military personnel returning home from Iraq and Afghanistan with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), have increased interest in the neuropsychology and neurobiology of these two conditions. There has been a particular focus on differential diagnosis. This paper provides an overview of findings regarding the neuropsychological and neurobiological underpinnings of TBI and for PTSD. A specific focus is on assessment using neuropsychological measures and imaging techniques. Challenges associated with the assessment of individuals with one or both conditions are also discussed. Although use of neuropsychological and neuroimaging test results may assist with diagnosis and treatment planning, further work is needed to identify objective biomarkers for each condition. Such advances would be expected to facilitate differential diagnosis and implementation of best treatment practices.
U.S. Land Cover and Land Use Change: 1973–2000

People change the land to improve their quality of life, but these changes may have adverse consequences that affect other places, water, air, people, or species. Issues resulting from land alteration affect all and include changes to climate, ecosystems, human health, water quality, and vulnerability to hazards. To manage and balance the consequences of land-use and land-cover changes, we must first better understand them.
Histone deacetylase activity has an essential role in establishing and maintaining the vertebrate neural crest.

ABSTRACT The neural crest, a progenitor population that drove vertebrate evolution, retains the broad developmental potential of the blastula cells it is derived from, even as neighboring cells undergo lineage restriction. The mechanisms that enable these cells to preserve their developmental potential remain poorly understood. Here, we explore the role of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity in this process in Xenopus . We show that HDAC activity is essential for the formation of neural crest, as well as for proper patterning of the early ectoderm. The requirement for HDAC activity initiates in naive blastula cells; HDAC inhibition causes loss of pluripotency gene expression and blocks the ability of blastula stem cells to contribute to lineages of the three embryonic germ layers. We find that pluripotent naive blastula cells and neural crest cells are both characterized by low levels of histone acetylation, and show that increasing HDAC1 levels enhance the ability of blastula cells to be reprogrammed to a neural crest state. Together, these findings elucidate a previously uncharacterized role for HDAC activity in establishing the neural crest stem cell state.
A Novel Crowd-Resilient Visual Localization Algorithm Via Robust Pca Background Extraction

We present a novel egocentric visual localization algorithm for an indoor navigation system, called PERCEPT -V, which is designed to assist the blind and visually impaired users traveling independently in an unfamiliar indoor space. Through the integration of a background extraction module based on Robust Principle Component Analysis (RPCA) into the localization algorithm, we successfully improve the resilience of camera localization to the presence of crowds in the observed scene. Experiments using datasets of videos containing various levels of crowd activity show that the proposed algorithm can increase prominently the reliability of localization performance.
Hyperarousal in insomnia: pre-sleep and diurnal cortisol levels in response to chronic zolpidem treatment.

Abstract Objectives To determine whether cortisol levels, both diurnal and pre-sleep, would vary as a function of MSLT and would be reduced by nightly placebo versus zolpidem 10 mg. Methods DSM-IVR diagnosed subjects with insomnia (N = 95), aged 32–70 yrs, having no other sleep disorder, unstable medical or psychiatric diseases or drug dependency served. On a screening MSLT 27 had MSLTs 15 min (Hi). Participants took 10 mg zolpidem or placebo, double-blind, nightly for 12 months. In months one and 12 urine was collected over 24 h in 8 hr-aliquots and assayed for cortisol (Ward Laboratories, Ann Arbor, MI). Saliva samples were collected 35 min before bedtime and the 30 min drug administration in month one and eight, and analyzed for cortisol levels (Salimetrics, State College, PA). Results Pre-sleep salivary cortisol was higher in insomniacs than controls, but did not differ as a function of MSLT. Nightly zolpidem reduced pre-sleep cortisol relative to placebo on month one and eight, with no month effects or interaction. Diurnal (0700–1500 h) urinary cortisol was higher overall in the Hi vs Lo MSLT subjects with insomnia, was stable across months, and was not reduced with zolpidem. Conclusions Hyperarousal among subjects with insomnia as operationalized by MSLT is associated with higher diurnal urinary cortisol than those without hyperarousal, but not differential pre-sleep salivary cortisol. Zolpidem relative to placebo reduced pre-sleep salivary cortisol in all subjects, but not diurnal urinary cortisol. Clinical trial Safety and Efficacy of Chronic Hypnotic Use: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT01006525.
Alternative classification of identical concepts in different terminologies: Different ways to view the world

Abstract In previous research, we have studied concepts that occur in pairs of medical terminologies and are known to be identical, because they have the same ID number in the Unified Medical Language System (UMLS). We observed that such concepts rarely have exactly the same sets of children (=subconcepts) in the two terminologies. The number of common children was found to vary widely. A special situation was identified where the children in one terminology relate to the common parent in a very different way than the children in the other terminology. For example, children in one terminology might subdivide a parent concept by anatomical location in one terminology and by disease kind in the other terminology. We coined the term “alternative classification” (of the same parent concept) for such situations. In previous work, only human experts could recognize alternative classifications. In this paper, we present a mathematically expressed criterion for likely cases of alternative classifications. We compare the recommendations of this criterion, expressed by a mathematical quantity called “EFI” becoming zero, with the decisions of a human expert. It is found that the human expert agreed with the criterion in 72% of all cases, which is a big improvement over having no computable criterion at all. Besides alternative classifications, common parent concepts in a pair of terminologies might also indicate a possible import of a child concept missing in one terminology, different granularities, or errors in either one of the two terminologies. In this paper, we further investigate different kinds of alternative classifications.
Body Composition During Pregnancy Differs by Obesity Class

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to characterize changes in body composition during pregnancy in women with obesity. METHODS Fifty-four healthy women with obesity (class 1, 30-34.9 kg/m2 : n = 25; class 2, 35-39.9 kg/m2 : n = 21; class 3, ≥ 40.0 kg/m2 : n = 8) expecting a singleton pregnancy were studied. Body composition was measured in early pregnancy (13-16 weeks), midpregnancy (24-27 weeks), and late pregnancy (35-37 weeks) using air displacement plethysmography, stable isotopes, and skinfold thickness measurements. Fasting glucose, insulin, and leptin were measured. RESULTS The gain in fat-free mass was lower in the second trimester compared with the third (2.7 ± 0.2 to 5.3 ± 0.2 kg; P < 0.001), whereas fat mass accumulation declined over time (0.6 ± 0.3 to -0.7 ± 0.4 kg; P = 0.005). Women with class 1 and 2 obesity gained 1.1 ± 0.7 kg of fat mass during pregnancy, while women with class 3 obesity lost 4.1 ± 0.6 kg (both P < 0.001). The difference in fat accumulation between obesity classes was observed only in the second trimester (P = 0.02). Gestational weight gain was associated positively with changes in plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, and insulin resistance (all P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Gestational weight gain in pregnancy differs by obesity class and trimester. Women with class 3 obesity gain less body weight and fat mass. Fat mass gain is most likely preventable in the second trimester.
Women on Boards of Directors: A Meta-Analytic Examination of the Roles of Organizational Leadership and National Context for Gender Equality

Growing evidence suggests that gender diversity on boards of directors is important for corporate governance and overall organizational effectiveness. Yet, progress in increasing female board representation has been slow. Prior studies have focused primarily on either the role of organizational characteristics in board gender composition or the role of national institutions as predictors of female board representation across countries. In this study, we integrate psychological theory related to implicit biases and agency theory, with institutional theory, to propose that the national context for gender equality moderates the extent to which characteristics of organizational leadership relate to female board representation. We conduct a meta-analysis of 158 samples encompassing 60,648 organizations across 36 countries to test our hypotheses. Our findings highlight the importance of the national context for gender equality as a boundary condition for understanding the relationship between organizational leadership characteristics and female board representation. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for increasing the representation of female directors across countries.
Regulation of branched-chain amino acid metabolism by hypoxia-inducible factor in glioblastoma

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) mediate metabolic reprogramming in response to hypoxia. However, the role of HIFs in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism remains unknown. Here we show that hypoxia upregulates mRNA and protein levels of the BCAA transporter LAT1 and the BCAA metabolic enzyme BCAT1, but not their paralogs LAT2-4 and BCAT2, in human glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines as well as primary GBM cells. Hypoxia-induced LAT1 protein upregulation is mediated by both HIF-1 and HIF-2 in GBM cells. Although both HIF-1α and HIF-2α directly bind to the hypoxia response element at the first intron of the human BCAT1 gene, HIF-1α is exclusively responsible for hypoxia-induced BCAT1 expression in GBM cells. Knockout of HIF-1α and HIF-2α significantly reduces glutamate labeling from BCAAs in GBM cells under hypoxia, which provides functional evidence for HIF-mediated reprogramming of BCAA metabolism. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of BCAT1 inhibits GBM cell growth under hypoxia. Together, these findings uncover a previously unrecognized HIF-dependent metabolic pathway that increases GBM cell growth under conditions of hypoxic stress.
Validation of the Artec Eva for Hand Anthropometric Data Collection

p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'}p.p1 {margin: 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px 0.0px; font: 12.0px 'Helvetica Neue'}As 3D technology rapidly improves, finely detailed areas of the human body, such as hands, are now able to be accurately scanned and measured. However, the accuracy of measurements for hands captured by 3D scanners has yet to be evaluated. This study evaluated the accuracy of measurements between specific hand landmarks when captured by the Artec Eva 3D scanner compared to traditional anthropometric measuring techniques. Results from the paired t-tests showed no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in measurement for both hand breadth and index finger circumference, proximal for the Artec Eva when compared to traditional anthropometric measuring. However, hand length and hand thickness did show a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the Artec Eva and traditional anthropometric measuring. The Artec Eva produced high-quality scans with good landmark and detail visibility, providing clear details that are needed to design better tools and products for hands.
Asymmetry of mass and motion affects the regulation of whole-body angular momentum in individuals with upper limb absence.

Abstract Background There is a high fall prevalence in individuals with upper limb absence, which may be related to a momentum imbalance resulting from the loss of all or part of one arm. The purpose of this study was to characterise whole-body angular momentum in individuals with upper limb absence during walking, and determine the effect of restoring the mass and inertial properties of the impaired side with a mock prosthesis. Methods Ten individuals with unilateral upper limb absence walked at self-selected speeds, with and without a mock prosthesis. For each condition, whole-body angular momentum range was computed during ten strides; in the first 50% of the stride bilaterally, and over the whole stride. Two-way repeated measures ANOVAs were used to assess the main effect of side and the interaction effect with prosthesis condition on the 50% range, and paired t-tests to determine the effect of prosthesis condition on the whole stride range (α = 0.05). Findings Sagittal plane 50% range was greater for the sound compared to the impaired side stride (P = .003), with no difference in the coronal or transverse planes (P ≥ .8). Coronal plane whole stride range was lower when wearing the mock prosthesis (P = .021), with no change in the sagittal or transverse planes (P ≥ .5). Interpretation Use of a prosthesis does not reduce a sagittal plane imbalance. There may be a greater risk of loss of balance in people with upper limb absence following a perturbation, particularly when it occurs during the sound side stance phase, during which whole-body angular momentum is elevated.
VIRAL MUSICKING: AESTHETICS AND ITERATIONS IN ONLINE CONTAGION

Cats at keyboards. Dancing hamsters. A photo of a dress, and videos set to “Harlem Shake.” The above are recognizable as “viral” phenomena—artifacts of the early twenty-first century whose production and dissemination were facilitated by the internet, proliferating social media platforms, and ubiquitous digital devices. In this paper, I argue that participation in such phenomena (producing, consuming, circulating, or “sharing” them) constitutes a significant site of twenty-first-century musical practice: viral musicking, to borrow and adapt Christopher Small’s foundational 1998 coinage. In this paper I analyze instances of viral musicking from the 2000s through the 2010s, tracking viral circulation as heterogeneous, capacious, and contradictory—a dynamic, relational assemblage of both “new” and “old” media and practices. The notion of virus as a metaphor for cultural spread is often credited to computer science and science fiction, with subsequent co-option into marketing and media; such formulations run adjacent to the popularization of "virus" in philosophical models for globalization and pervasive capitalism across the late twentieth century, from Derrida to Baudrillard and Deleuze. In this paper, I seek to braid these lineages with the work of scholars reading cultural contagion through lenses of alterity and difference, situating music as a particularly felicitous vector for viral contagion, exceeding and preceding Internet circulation. Ultimately, I argue that viral musicking activates utopian promises of digital advocates, through the cooperative social operation of “sharing,” even as it resonates through histories and presents of racialization, miscegenation, appropriation, and the realities of porous, breachable borders, cultures, and bodies.
Understanding building-occupant-microbiome interactions toward healthy built environments: A review

Built environments, occupants, and microbiomes constitute a system of ecosystems with extensive interactions that impact one another. Understanding the interactions between these systems is essential to develop strategies for effective management of the built environment and its inhabitants to enhance public health and well-being. Numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the microbiomes of the built environment. This review summarizes current progress in understanding the interactions between attributes of built environments and occupant behaviors that shape the structure and dynamics of indoor microbial communities. In addition, this review also discusses the challenges and future research needs in the field of microbiomes of the built environment that necessitate research beyond the basic characterization of microbiomes in order to gain an understanding of the causal mechanisms between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which will provide a knowledge base for the development of transformative intervention strategies toward healthy built environments. The pressing need to control the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in indoor environments highlights the urgency and significance of understanding the complex interactions between the built environment, occupants, and microbiomes, which is the focus of this review.
A Case of Benign Extrauterine Leiomyomatosis

Study Objective: To demonstrate the use of laparoscopy in a complex case of benign extrauterine leiomyomatosis. Design: Case report. Setting: Operating room at an academic hospital. Patient in dorsal lithotomy position. Patients or Participants: 46yo G0 with symptomatic fibroid uterus presenting for definitive management after failed laparoscopic myomectomy and uterine fibroid embolization. Interventions: Laparoscopic total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingectomy, removal of extrauterine fibroids. Measurements and Main Results: Outcomes evaluated included surgical time, EBL, length of stay in hospital, surgical complications, intraoperative and postoperative complications, pathology. EBL for the case was 50cc. Operative time was 5 hours. Final pathology was benign smooth muscle with degenerative changes. Total stay in the hospital was zero days. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications. Conclusion: Laparoscopic removal of benign extrauterine leiomyomatosis resulted in improved outcomes as laparoscopy proved essential for adequate visualization. Additionally, patient was discharged on day of surgery without intraoperative or postoperative complications.
Interdisciplinary Education Apartment Simulation (IDEAS) Project: An Interdisciplinary Simulation for Transitional Home Care.

Introduction Home-based care (HBC) is a valuable tool to provide care to rural, medically underserved populations. By mitigating geographic and transportation barriers for vulnerable populations, H...