cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A revised fate map for amphioxus and the evolution of axial patterning in chordates

The chordates include vertebrates plus two groups of invertebrates (the cephalochordates and tunicates). Previous embryonic fate maps of the cephalochordate amphioxus (Branchiostoma) were influenced by preconceptions that early development in amphioxus and ascidian tunicates should be fundamentally the same and that the early amphioxus embryo, like that of amphibians, should have ventral mesoderm. Although detailed cell lineage tracing in amphioxus has not been done because of limited availability of the embryos and because cleavage is radial and holoblastic with the blastomeres nearly equal in size and not tightly adherent until the mid-blastula stage, a compilation of data from gene expression and function, blastomere isolation and dye labeling allows a more realistic fate map to be drawn. The revised fate map is substantially different from that of ascidians. It shows (1) that the anterior pole of the amphioxus embryo is offset dorsally from the animal pole only by about 20°, (2) that the ectoderm/mesendoderm boundary (the future rim of the blastopore) is at the equator of the blastula, which approximately coincides with the 3rd cleavage plane, and (3) that there is no ventral mesoderm during the gastrula stage. Involution or ingression of cells over the blastopore lip is negligible, and the blastopore, which is posterior, closes centripetally as if by a purse string. During the gastrula stage, the animal pole shifts ventrally, coming to lie about 20° ventral to the anterior tip of the late gastrula/early neurula. Comparisons of the embryos of amphioxus and vertebrates indicate that in spite of large differences in the mechanics of cleavage and gastrulation, anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral patterning occur by homologous genetic mechanisms. Therefore, the small, nonyolky embryo of amphioxus is probably a reasonable approximation of the basal chordate embryo before the evolution of determinate cleavage in the tunicates and the evolution large amounts of yolk in basal vertebrates.
SECOND-ORDER FINITE DIFFERENCE SOLUTIONS FOR THE FLOW BETWEEN ROTATING CONCENTRIC SPHERES

SUMMARY This paper describes a second-order method to calculate approximate solutions to flow of viscous incompressible fluid between rotating concentric spheres. The governing partial differential equations are presented in the stream-vorticity formulation and are written as a series of second-order equations. The technique employed makes use of second-order approximations for all terms in the governing equations and is dependent upon the direction of flow at a given point. This upwind technique has allowed us to generate approximate solutions with larger Reynolds numbers than has generally been possible for second and higher-order techniques. Solutions have been obtained with Reynolds numbers as large as 3000 and with grids as fine as a 40 x 40 mesh. Results are displayed in the form of level curves for both the stream and vorticity functions. A dimensionless quantity related to the torque acting on both spheres has been calculated from the approximate solution and compared with other results. Results with smaller Reynolds numbers such as 100 and 1000 are in excellent agreement with other published results.
Lower Energy Expenditure Predicts Long-Term Increases in Weight and Fat Mass

Context: The relevance of the contribution of energy expenditure (EE) and substrate oxidation to weight change has not been fully confirmed. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether metabolic parameters measured in a whole room indirect calorimeter are predictive of long-term body weight change. Setting: The study was conducted at a clinical research unit in Phoenix, Arizona, from 1985 to 2005. Participants: A total of 612 healthy subjects (384 males and 228 females; aged 29.5 ± 8.1 years; body mass index 33.0 ± 8.7 kg/m2; percent body fat 30.9 ± 9.6%), including 422 Native Americans and 190 whites. Follow-up data were available for 292 Native Americans with a median follow-up time of 6.7 years (interquartile range 3.9–10.5). Main Outcome Measures: Twenty-four-hour EE, sleeping metabolic rate, daily (fed) and sleeping (fasting) respiratory quotient, and carbohydrate and fat oxidation rates were measured during a 24-hour respiratory chamber. Body composition was assessed by underwater...
Nonpharmacologic interventions Exercise, fall prevention, and role of physical medicine

Nonpharmacologic interventions are important variables in the management of osteoporosis. These measures, as a prelude to, or in conjunction with, pharmacotherapy, can be extremely beneficial for improving musculoskeletal health. In this article, the rehabilitation and nonpharinacologic measures that can be implemented for the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal challenges of osteoporosis are discussed. Results of studies in musculoskeletal rehabilitation of osteoporosis have substantiated the significance of the role of these measures in reducing axial deformity, loss of back strength, and the risk of fall and fracture.
TISSUE CULTURE AND PLANT REGENERATION OF SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA: IMPLICATIONS FOR WETLAND RESTORATION

A tissue culture and plant regeneration protocol for the salt marsh grass, Spartina alterniflora, has been developed. Callus was efficiently induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Callus initiation from 6-day-old seedlings was faster and occurred with a greater frequency than callus initiation from coleoptile-covered segments from the same age seedlings. However, only the coleoptile-covered segments produced regenerable callus, which was maintained on MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 2,4-D and 1 mg L−1 naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). The regenerable callus differentiated into shoots upon transfer to shoot regeneration medium. A high frequency of shoot regeneration was obtained when the medium contained 3 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) or Thidiazuron (TDZ), with or without the addition of 0.2 mg L−1 IAA. Regenerated shoots were transferred to root regeneration medium, the optimal of which was determined to be half-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). TDZ in the shoot regeneration medium inhibited root formation in the root regeneration medium, making BA rather than TDZ the optimal hormone for the shoot regeneration medium. The mode of plant regeneration was organogenesis. Upon transfer to soil, the most successful growth of plants occurred in a mixture of commercially available potting soil and natural marsh mud. The development of a tissue culture and regeneration protocol for S. alterniflora provides the possibility of selecting lines of this species, via somaclonal variation, with characteristics desirable for wetland creation and restoration.
Ambulatory spine surgery: a survey study.

Study Design Cross-sectional study. Objective To assess the current practices of spine surgeons performing ambulatory surgery in the United States. Methods An electronic survey was distributed to members of the International Society for the Advancement of Spine Surgery. Data were initially examined in a univariate manner; variables with a p value Results Overall, 84.2% of respondents performed some manner of ambulatory spine surgery, and 49.1% were investors in an ambulatory surgery center. Surgeon investors in ambulatory surgery centers were more likely to perform procedures of increased complexity than noninvestors, though limited data precluded a statistical correlation. Surgeons in private practice were more likely to perform ambulatory surgery (94.3%; p = 0.0176), and nonacademic surgeons were both more likely to invest in ambulatory surgery centers ( p = 0.0024) and perform surgery at least part of the time in a surgery center ( p = 0.0039). Conclusions Though the numbers were too few to calculate statistical significance, there was a trend toward the performance of high-risk procedures on an ambulatory basis being undertaken by those with investment status in an ambulatory center. It is possible that this plays a role in the decision to perform these procedures in this setting versus that of a hospital, where a patient may have better access to care should a complication arise requiring emergent assessment and treatment by a physician. This decision should divest itself of financial incentives and focus entirely on patient safety.
Globalization Strategies: The Missing Links

Current frameworks of globalization strategy suggest that a firm's industry environment, or its unique set of organizational resources, or both, determine the globalizing firm's strategy. However, these frameworks have not been used to adequately explain the whole range of globalization strategies (especially those strategies that are non-economic in nature). This paper contends that this omission is due, in large part, to the insignificant role given to non-market system variables in these frameworks. Despite growing market reforms, the market and non-market systems will continue to coexist in transition and market economies. Therefore, it is important to address the non-market aspects of a firm's globalization strategy. This paper proposes an integrated framework of globalization strategy that shows the links between a firm's globalization strategies and variables in the market and non-market aspects of its operations.
Growth and the Young Female Athlete

The body goes through remarkable changes from birth through childhood and adolescence into adulthood. Biological growth and maturation, along with behavioral development, are important aspects “growing up.” These three processes, growth, maturation, and development, dominate the daily lives of children and adolescents for approximately the first two decades of life. This chapter will focus predominantly on growth and maturation, and how timing and tempo of these may affect sports involvement and injury risk in young female athletes.
Hegemonic Geographies of the Mexican Neoliberal State

I use Gramsci's notion of hegemony to analyze how Mexican governments have reproduced the neoliberal state over the past twenty-five years. Hegemony is a spatially-contingent process of consensus a...
Microscopes focus on single electrons

For chemists, the starting point in understanding the function of a molecule is its structure. Molecular biologists are obsessed with structure as well. Their interest usually lies in determining the structure and function of proteins – the beautiful, machine-like molecules of life. However, nature's molecules tend to be so large that determining their detailed molecular structure can often take years. For example, after putting decades of effort into understanding membrane proteins – the gate-keepers of cells – we know the full 3D structure of only a handful of the thousands that exist, despite the fact that this is a prerequisite for defeating a huge number of diseases.
Signaling strategies for dual-function radar communications: an overview

The last decade witnessed a growing demand on radio frequency that is driven by technological advances benefiting the end consumer but requiring new allocations of frequency bandwidths. Further, higher data rates for faster communications and wireless connections have called for an expanded share of existing frequency allocations. Concerns for spectrum congestion and frequency unavailability have spurred extensive research efforts on spectrum management and efficiency [1]-[4] within the same type of service and have led to cognitive radio [5] and cognitive radar [6]. On the other hand, devising schemes for coexistence among different services have eased the competition for spectrum resources, especially for radar and wireless communication systems [7]-[14]. Both systems have been recently given a common portion of the spectrum by the Federal Communications Commission.
Autonomy of Theories: An Explanatory Problem

This paper aims to draw attention to an explanatory problem posed by the existence of multiply realized or universal behavior exhibited by certain physical systems. The problem is to explain how it is possible that systems radically distinct at lower-scales can nevertheless exhibit identical or nearly identical behavior at upper-scales (typically everyday length and time scales). Theoretically this is reflected by the fact that continuum theories such as fluid mechanics are spectacularly successful at predicting, describing, and explaining fluid behaviors despite the fact that they do not recognize the discrete (atomic/molecular) nature of fluids. A standard attempt to reduce one (continuum) theory to another (atomic/molecular theory), is shown to fail to answer the appropriate question about autonomy.
Abstract TMP21: Effect of Non-evidence Based Practices in Carotid Artery Stenting on Outcomes

Introduction: During the past decade, novel intra-procedural carotid artery stenting (CAS) techniques have emerged. Primary stenting, which forgoes the use of any angioplasty, and proximal embolic ...
Construing action abstractly and experiencing autonomy: Implications for physical activity and diet

Mentally representing action in terms of abstract goals rather than concrete procedures has been found to facilitate self-regulation, including meeting health goals. The present research examined whether autonomous motivation mediates the association between abstract thinking and health behavior engagement. We hypothesized that abstract (vs. concrete) thinking relates to viewing oneself as behaving autonomously, which, in turn, is positively associated with engaging in health behaviors. Two studies tested whether abstract thinking is associated with greater health behavior engagement and whether autonomous motivation statistically mediates this association. In Study 1, abstract thinking was associated positively with physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake. In Study 2, supporting pre-registered hypotheses, there was a significant indirect effect of abstract thinking on vigorous physical activity and fruit and vegetable intake through autonomous motivation. Whereas past research has emphasized that abstract thinking orients attention towards the value of broader goals, this research establishes that autonomous motivation helps explain associations between abstract thinking and health behavior engagement.
Keys to successful mentoring of undergraduate research teams with an emphasis in applied mathematics research

Independent of institution size and faculty research expectations, a growing number of colleges and universities encourage their undergraduates to engage in some form of research experience. To mee...
Abstract 66: c-Fos: A new player in promotion of cancer stem-like cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. We have shown that c-Fos was highly up-regulated in the HNSCC sphere forming cells. However, upregulation of c-Fos for the biology of HNSCC-CSCs remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of c-Fos in renewal of stemness of HNSCC and tumor growth. We demonstrated that c-Fos overexpression enhanced the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) state and expression of CSC markers (Nanog, c-Myc, Sox2 and Notch1). Ectopic expression of c-Fos in HNSCC cells also display increased number of sphere formation. We further observed that overexpression of c-Fos increased the expression of pERK and cyclin D1 in HNSCC cells. Knockdown of c-Fos in Cal27 cells impaired sphere formation. Next we examine the effect of c-Fos expression in vivo. For this, we established stable HNSCC cell line (MDA1386Tu cells) where c-Fos gene is ectopically expressed. Our results demonstrated that exogenous expression of c-Fos in non-tumorigenic MDA1386Tu cells makes these cells tumorigenic in nude mice. Further, subcutaneous transplantation of c-Fos overexpressing Cal27 cells (tumorigenic) into immunocompromised mice enhanced tumor growth as compared to parental cells. Taken together, our results strongly demonstrated a novel role of c-Fos as a regulator of EMT and cancer stem cell reprogramming in HNSCC cells. Collectively, our results offer that c-Fos may be a new target for developing therapeutic strategies against HNSCC. Citation Format: Ratna B. Ray. c-Fos: A new player in promotion of cancer stem-like cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-AHNS Head and Neck Cancer Conference: Optimizing Survival and Quality of Life through Basic, Clinical, and Translational Research; April 23-25, 2017; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(23_Suppl):Abstract nr 66.
Sales Management Mechanism and Methodologies for Solving the Problems of Special-Purpose Product Management and Sales

This article discusses the mechanisms of sales management and offers some methodologies that allow us to solve the problems of special-purpose product management and marketing. Our study considers special-purpose products as functional nutrition products with a balanced composition that are enriched in specific components, the main role of which is body process regulation to maintain its effective life. The article has undertaken the analysis of existing techniques for managing the production process, output, and delivery of goods and managing sales directly in trade. There have been singled out positive and negative aspects of these techniques and on the basis of that we have proposed some methodologies that help to identify potential customers for a specific product with the use of integrated events to promote products. Methodologies allow us to evaluate the efficiency of special-purpose product production, through the example of bread products, depending on demand for them, taking into account a combination of integrated events to promote this category of goods. This technique makes it possible to obtain the ratio of anticipated sales with due account for growth output indices and to determine the necessary quantity of shipped product from manufacturers to trade outlets. Methodologies include targeting mathematical methods of processing statistical data obtained in real-life conditions. Practical approval of mathematical apparatus was carried out on the example of citizens living in Kursk.
Salvage of recurrence after surgery and adjuvant therapy: A systematic review.

Abstract Purpose To determine the oncologic and functional outcomes of patients undergoing salvage surgery for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after initial management with surgery and adjuvant therapy. Data sources Ovid Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Clinicaltrials.gov . Review methods A structured search was performed of the literature to identify studies that included patients undergoing surgical salvage for local, regional, or locoregional recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma without known distant metastases who had been treated with initial surgery and post-operative adjuvant radio- or chemoradiotherapy. Studies were excluded if they did not report at least 1-year survival estimates, included patients who underwent primary non-surgical management, or included those treated with non-surgical salvage therapies or supportive care alone. Results The search strategy yielded 3746 abstracts. After applying exclusion and inclusion criteria, 126 full-texts were reviewed and six studies were included with a total of 222 patients. All studies were retrospective in design and included diverse disease subsites and stages. Complications and functional outcomes were inconsistently reported. Five-year survival estimates ranged between 10% and 40% between studies. Conclusions Patients undergoing salvage surgery for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma after initial surgery and adjuvant therapy may have a particularly poor prognosis. Future studies are needed to determine functional and quality of life outcomes in this patient population and to identify specific prognostic factors for re-recurrence and survival.
An interactive simulation of the filtered-x least-mean-squares algorithm for active noise control

As part of a graduate acoustics course at Brigham Young University, students learn about principles of active noise control (ANC). One of the concepts covered is how a basic ANC algorithm functions. This presentation describes an interactive simulation of the filtered-x least-mean-squares (FXLMS) algorithm implemented in MATLAB. Available user-selected inputs include sampling frequency, type of signal to be controlled, number of filter coefficients, convergence coefficient, and system model parameters. As outputs, the students are able to observe the different signals, the attenuation, and the filter coefficients. Altering inputs and observing the simulation results motivates classroom discussion and facilitates students' gaining a working understanding of an ANC algorithm.
A FLOPPY CUFF CATHETER FOR MONITORING INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE

ABSTRACT Continuous monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) has become a critical adjunct to the intensive care of the patient with an extensive cerebral insult. Because of complications with the intraventricular line and the subarachnoid bolt, we have developed a flaccid cuff silicone catheter which has proven to be easily inserted and sensitive to intracerebral pressure changes in animal studies. The flaccid or floppy cuff catheter is inserted through a small hole in the skull into the white matter of the brain. It is then connected to a low pressure transducer for pressure monitoring. The pressures recorded from the flaccid cuff catheter are of comparable quality to those of the intraventricular catheter. Because the catheter is easily inserted and cannot be occluded by swollen brain, as can the intraventricular line and subarachnoid bolt, the floppy cuff catheter may be useful in patients in which acute monitoring of intracranial pressure is indicated.
STS, Critical Thinking, and Philosophy for Children

There is widespread agreement that our schools need to improve science education. There is also widespread agreement that the schools need to do much better at helping students develop critical thinking skills. These two needs seem clearly connected. Neither can be adequately met independently of the other. Precisely howscience education and critical thinking should be joined is less clear. Everything depends on how each is to be understood; and here there is anything but widespread agreement.
Judging Grammaticality with Count-Induced Tree Substitution Grammars

Prior work has shown the utility of syntactic tree fragments as features in judging the grammaticality of text. To date such fragments have been extracted from derivations of Bayesian-induced Tree Substitution Grammars (TSGs). Evaluating on discriminative coarse and fine grammaticality classification tasks, we show that a simple, deterministic, count-based approach to fragment identification performs on par with the more complicated grammars of Post (2011). This represents a significant reduction in complexity for those interested in the use of such fragments in the development of systems for the educational domain.
Relativistic Effects on Magnetic Resonance Parameters and Other Properties of Inorganic Molecules and Metal Complexes

This chapter is concerned with relativistic effects on molecular properties other than energy and structure. The chapter has two parts: The first part consists of a brief overview of theoretical formalisms to calculate energy-derivative properties. In the second part benchmark data and selected case studies are presented. The examples emphasize inorganic and organometallic systems but data for some popular benchmark series of molecules with main group atoms are also included. Molecular properties that are discussed in detail this chapter include NMR and EPR parameters, electric field gradients, electronic spectra, and polarizabilities.
Cryo-EM structures of ASC and NLRC4 CARD filaments reveal a unified mechanism of nucleation and activation of caspase-1.

Canonical inflammasomes are cytosolic supramolecular complexes that activate caspase-1 upon sensing extrinsic microbial invasions and intrinsic sterile stress signals. During inflammasome assembly, adaptor proteins ASC and NLRC4 recruit caspase-1 through homotypic caspase recruitment domain (CARD) interactions, leading to caspase-1 dimerization and activation. Activated caspase-1 processes proinflammatory cytokines and Gasdermin D to induce cytokine maturation and pyroptotic cell death. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of NLRC4 CARD and ASC CARD filaments mediated by conserved three types of asymmetric interactions (types I, II, and III). We find that the CARDs of these two adaptor proteins share a similar assembly pattern, which matches that of the caspase-1 CARD filament whose structure we defined previously. These data indicate a unified mechanism for downstream caspase-1 recruitment through CARD–CARD interactions by both adaptors. Using structure modeling, we further show that full-length NLRC4 assembles via two separate symmetries at its CARD and its nucleotide-binding domain (NBD), respectively.
Electrostatically charged aerial application improved spinosad deposition on early season cotton

Abstract Spinosad (Tracer™), produced by an actinomycete, Saccharopolyspora spinosa, was aerially applied on early season cotton at a spray rate of 9.35 L ha−1 with a bipolar electrostatic aerial spray system, charged on and off. The charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) for spinosad was 0.7714 mC kg−1 at ±9.0 kV charging voltage. Electrostatically charged sprays significantly increased deposition on an artificial collector by 34.5% compared to uncharged sprays. Spray droplet spectra was significantly greater for the electrostatically charged application than that for the uncharged application. This study can provide guidance to aerial applicators for increasing spray deposits on early season cotton.
The shifting paradigm of biomarker-driven care in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

There will be an estimated 228,150 new cases of lung cancer in the U.S. and approximately 2.1 million cases worldwide in 2019. In 2018, it is estimated that 1.76 million people worldwide died from lung cancer (1,2). Most people with lung cancer have locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis, and thus, the improvement of systemic therapies for this population is of critical importance (3).
Home Health Care For Children With Medical Complexity: Workforce Gaps, Policy, And Future Directions

With the medical and surgical advances of recent decades, a growing proportion of children rely on home-based care for daily health monitoring and care tasks. However, a dearth of available home health care providers with pediatric training to serve children and youth with medical complexity markedly limits the current capacity of home health care to meet the needs of patients and their families. In this article we analyze the workforce gaps, payment models, and policy challenges unique to home health care for children and youth with medical complexity, including legal challenges brought by families because of home nursing shortages. We propose a portfolio of solutions to address the current failures, including payment reform, improved coordination of services and pediatric home health training through partnerships with child-focused health systems, telehealth-enabled opportunities to bridge current workforce gaps, and the better alignment of pediatric care with the needs of adult-focused long-term services and supports.
Problem-Based solutions from the classroom to the Community: Transformative approaches to mitigate the impacts of boom-and-bust in declining urban communities

Strategic partnerships between universities and declining urban neighborhoods with limited resources have resulted in some innovative and forward-thinking approaches to land use and planning. These approaches respond to the impacts of boom-and-bust through the implementation of problem-based solutions and have spurred development to make communities more resilient. The university-community partnerships and engagements have multiple goals, including increasing university responsiveness to local needs, stimulating real-world change, and preparing students to effectively address complex social challenges (Dorado and Giles, 2004). However, such approaches are complicated by a variety of factors, including stakeholder expectations, power imbalances, and the conflicting goals of educators and community members (Mansuri and Rao, 2004). While the benefits of service-learning programs to universities are well documented, the benefits of such higher education partnerships to community participants are not as well known (Netshandama, 2010). Successful engagements seem to require community involvement and decision-making authority at every phase, mutual accountability, and trust (Winkler, 2013). This paper refers to a series of case studies of community engagement and neighborhood empowerment that involved the development of a collective sustainable plan/vision for declining inner-city neighborhoods with limited resources. This participatory form of local community development combines and goes beyond spatial planning and land use tools to demonstrate in some depth how an “inside the neighborhood” approach can make communities less vulnerable to boom-and-bust cycles. These neighborhoods, located in Columbus, Ohio, have seen tremendous declines in population and economy over the past years because of significant losses in manufacturing jobs. The case studies can inspire communities and demonstrate that service learning has the potential to provide communities with place-specific guidelines and recommendations that improve the quality of life for residents; but their implementation requires a collective effort that goes beyond the classroom.
An Evidence-based Approach to Clinical Supervision

Derek Milne has developed and disseminated an evidence-based model for clinical supervision (EBCS) that is unique and differs from other approaches. Based on an integrative model of evidence-based ...
A deep learning classification framework for early prediction of team-based academic performance

Abstract The prediction of the performance of teams during the collaboration of their members is considered a difficult task for various reasons. However, an accurate prediction would assist educators and learning experts in the extraction of useful knowledge for designing learning interventions for improving teams’ outcomes. The main objective of the current paper is to explore and propose a Deep Neural Network (DNN) framework for binary classification with two hidden layers, for the early prediction of teams’ performance in the domain of software engineering. The framework was evaluated by using different activation functions (Sigmoid, ReLu, and Tanh) and optimizers (Adagrad and Adadelta). A dataset created from over 30000 entries grouped in 74 teams was used for training and evaluating the framework. Additionally, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach was used to interpret the framework and extract the most important features having a positive or negative impact on its final prediction. Among other conclusions, it was shown that the prediction accuracy of the framework, when the Adadelta and Adagrad optimizers were used, was found to be 76.73% and 82.39%, respectively, while its overall learning performance was 80.76% and 86.57%, meaning that it is capable of predicting teams’ performance adequately and accurately.
Life During COVID-19: The Student Experience:

This study’s objectives were to provide university faculty and administration examples of the challenges students face during COVID-19 and give students a chance to process their experiences with o...
Investments in Societal Complexity, Diminishing Marginal Returns and Neoliberalism: A Note

"Investments in Societal Complexity, Diminishing Marginal Returns and Neoliberalism: A Note" discusses the switch from "Keynesian Fordism" to "Neoliberal Financialization" as the organizing model for economic policy from the 1970s on, and the consequences for the world economy as understood via the lens of Joseph Tainter's theory regading societal investments on complexity passing a point of diminishing returns and decreasing societal slack. Specifically it argues that as the Fordist post-World War II economic model ran into such returns, policymakers attempted to improve the trend via neoliberal as a way of pursuing efficiencies, and ultimately the deeper reorganization of Neoliberal Financialization, a process which ultimately failed to fulfill the goal set for it and actually worsened the trend. Specifically, while it brought an extreme increase in the complexity of economic life (in the hypertrophy of finance, rising trans-national flows of investment and trade, and overall financial and economic integration globally), all the complexity went along with a continued decline in returns and eroding societal slack (with major states deindustrializing, economic growth rates declining, debt-to-GDP ratios rising, fiscal space shrinking, etc.).
Chest CT Has Higher Yield for Infection than CT Sinus in Febrile Neutropenic Patients.

Abstract Objective Chest and sinus CT imaging among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and bone marrow transplant in the setting of neutropenic fever is not uncommon, yet the utility of routine imaging surveillance remains unclear. We aim to compare the rates of acute infection detected on CT chest and CT sinus exams performed in this clinical setting. Methods Reports of 1059 consecutive CT chest and sinus examinations for the clinical indication of neutropenic fever on 262 patients performed between January through June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Infection as reported was characterized as acute or worsening, improving, stable, indeterminate or negative. Results were tabulated and Pearson's chi-square test was used for comparison analysis. Results Absence of infection on CT sinus was significantly higher than CT chest (86.1% vs. 58.5%; P Conclusions CT chest showed significantly higher diagnostic yield for acute infection than CT sinus, suggesting that sinusitis is less likely to be the source of fever than chest infections in febrile neutropenic patients. The majority of CT studies showed absence of infection, raising the question of the overall utility of routine surveillance CT imaging among this subset of patients.
PUBLISHING ARTICLES IN THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS

The IJAHP receives contributions from all over the world. Although the diversity of applications, approaches and world paradigms is one of the strengths of this journal, it can also create problems in terms of authorsâ€™ approaches and expectations. The goal of this essay is to present a set of criteria that the editorial board applies to submitted articles, and recommendations for authors on how to get their submissions published. We believe these suggestions will be useful not only for articles submitted to this journal, but for AHP/ANP related research papers submitted to other international publication outletshttp://dx.doi.org/10.13033/ijahp.v4i2.159
Herpes Simplex Viral Vectors in Gene Therapy

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a human pathogen that naturally establishes a life-long latent infection of human peripheral sensory neurons. Genetically modified recombinant HSV vectors have been constructed that are incapable of replication, but nonetheless efficiently infect and establish a latent-like state in neurons in vitro and in vivo without the ability to reactivate. These vectors can be used to transfer and express genes in the nervous system using natural expression mechanisms already present in the virus genome. These products are designed to modify the structure and/or function of neuronal elements, and represent a novel therapeutic strategy for diseases of the nervous system. Keywords: herpes simplex virus (HSV); gene therapy; peripheral neuropathy; pain; Parkinson disease
Nonlinear system identification of a reaction wheel pendulum using subspace method

Experimental applications of nonlinear system identification algorithms to a reaction wheel pendulum are presented in this paper. In particular, the subspace instrumental variable identification algorithm proposed in [D. Luo and A. Leonessa, 2002] is applied to a nonlinear prediction model represented by a Hammerstein system with nonlinear feedbacks. The prediction performances are compared with the experimental results by performing an open loop subspace identification on a linear state-space prediction model. Some practical aspects on the nonlinear identification are discussed. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the SIVID algorithm on system model recovery.
Continuous interconnect in the FLEX 8000 architecture

The two major foundations of a programmable logic architecture are basic building block and interconnect. The basic building block is responsible for the implementation of logic in the architecture, while the interconnect is responsible for the subtler but no less important aspects of timing, flexibility, and ability to place a design into the device. This paper discusses the features of the FLEX 8000 interconnect structure, the FastTrack, its major differences from previous other schemes, and its overall importance in the architecture of the FLEX 8000 family of devices - a set of high-density, dual-grained programmable logic devices that can be used to implement a wide variety of logical functions. >
Learning packets in nursing education: Reviving the past

Summary Learning packets gained popularity in nursing education in the 1960's. Recently, they have been cited as strategies for distance learning. The aim of this project was to integrate Topic Focused Learning Packets as a complementary teaching strategy for presentation of new content to large classes of undergraduate nursing students. In addition to reducing in-class content presentation time, goals included: fostering critical thinking, actively engaging the student, and providing opportunities for team-based interaction. Rationale, design process and packets will be described. The learning packet was viewed positively by the students and faculty. Among 134 students, 119 strongly agreed or agreed that the learning packet was effective in increasing their understanding of the content and achieving the course objectives.
Morphology of Tetragonal Precipitates in Partially Stabilized ZrO2

Tetragonal (t) ZrO2 precipitates in Mg-, Ca-, and Y-partially-stabilized ZrO2 (Mg-PSZ, Ca-PSZ, Y-PSZ) have different habit planes and different morphologies. These differences arise because of differences in lattice parameters of precipitate and cubic (c) ZrO2 matrix in the three systems. The approximate {001} habit plane and oblate spheroid precipitate morphology observed in Mg-PSZ are explained in terms of anisotropic elasticity using the theory of Khachaturyan. The aspect ratio of ∼5 of these particles is used to calculate a c/t interfacial energy of ∼0.15 J·m–2. The aligned equiaxed precipitates observed in Ca-PSZ and the twinned colonies observed in Y-PSZ can also be explained using this theory and arise from interactions between strain fields during coarsening; the aligned particles in Ca-PSZ may actually represent an intermediate state before the formation of colonies in this system.
APPLICATION OF WIGNER-VILLE TRANSFORM TO EVALUATE TENSILE FORCES IN SEVEN-WIRE PRESTRESSING STRANDS

Seven-wire steel strands are widely used in various types of prestressed concrete structures. When a strand is subjected to a tensile force, the traveling time of the stress wave will be affected due to the elongation of the strand together with the changes in wave velocities. In this paper, the Wigner-Ville Transform technique was used to analyze the measured stress waves in order to identify the arrival time of each frequency component. A numerical calculation considering the elastic waveguide theory and the acoustoelastic effect was conducted. A commonly used 12.7-mm (1/2 in.) diameter seven-wire prestressing strand (Grade 270) was tested. Tensile force up to 142 kN (32 kips) was applied to the strand. The results indicate that evaluation of the tensile force in the strand can be accomplished by measuring the traveling time of a single-frequency component of the propagating stress wave. The Wigner-Ville transform technique can efficiently identify the arrival time of each frequency component of the stress-wave signals with reasonable accuracy. The numerical and experimental results correlate well with each other. Results of this study present a technique that can provide an efficient nondestructive measurement of stress retension levels in long post-tensioned steel strands.
Effect of Small and Large Doses of Diethylstilbestrol upon Menopausal Symptoms, Vaginal Smear and Urinary Gonadotrophins in 23 Oöphorectomized Women1,2

THE efficacy of diethylstilbestrol in treatment of the menopause has been universally accepted, but disagreement still exists as to the mode of action of both synthetic and naturally occurring estrogens. Albright (1), Frank and Salmon (2), Jones, MacGregor and Tod (3), Rowlands and Sharpey-Schafer (4), Lawrence and Moulyn (5) and others have implied that pituitary suppression was necessary for relief of menopausal symptoms since the estrogen doses which they used did reduce the urinary gonadotrophin output. On the other hand Heller and Heller (6) and Shorr (7) succeeded in abolishing the symptoms associated with the physiological menopause by small doses of the naturally occurring estrogens which did not cause a measurable depression of urinary gonadotrophic output. In our opinion the divergent conclusions are explainable by the differences in the type of estrogen, the dosage and the route and frequency of administration employed by the various clinics.
Fluorescent bone viewed through toenails of living animals: a method to observe bone regrowth.

We have developed a new method to observe bone and to document growth in living animals. The technique involves injecting calcein, a fluorescent calcium deposition marker, waiting approximately 4 hr for it to clear the vascular system, and observing bone directly through the toenails of lightly anesthetized living animals. Bone regrowth can be monitored in situ by amputating the digit through the nail plate, waiting the desired number of days, and injecting a second fluorescent label, alizarin red. Bone that has regrown since the amputation appears as a red area distal to the green calcein label on toes of lightly anesthetized animals when viewed under FITC fluorescence. This method has been used to demonstrate blocked bone synthesis and to quantitate significant differences in bone growth in control and experimental toes of individual animals. Advantages of this method include its simplicity, the use of fewer animals to collect sequential data, and increased reliability of repeated microscopic measuremen...
Influence of social rank on the behaviour of bluegill, Lepomis macrochims Rafinesque exposed to sublethal concentrations of cadmium and zinc*

The influence of social rank on changes in Lepomis macrochirus behaviour brought about by exposure to sublethal concentrations of cadmium and zinc was studied. Significant changes occurred in the frequency of eight of the nine behavioural acts quantified. The effects of metals on the behaviour of individuals was often related to the individual's social status in the hierarchies that had formed. The majority of agonistic behaviours (nips and nudges) were performed by dominant individuals and the majority of comfort behaviours (coughs, yawns, jerks, jerk swimming, fin flickering and chafes) occurred in subordinate individuals. These differences occurred during the control period as well as the treatment period and are thought to be in part caused by socially induced stress.
Sialic acid lyase in differentiating murine teratocarcinoma cells

Abstract N-Acetylneuraminic acid lyase (NAN-lyase) activity has been found to be much higher in the differentiated, murine parietal endodermal ceil (PYS-2) in culture than in the related, undifferentiated embryonal teratocarcinoma cell (F9). The level of the enzyme rapidly increases in F9 cells exposed to an inducer of differentiation such as retinoic acid (RA) (10−7 M). The level of the enzyme increases during log phase of growth of PYS-2 cells and decreases after the cells reach confluence. NAN-lyase from PYS-2 cells has been purified 365-fold and has been partially characterized. While most of the enzyme is freely soluble, at least 16% of the enzyme in PYS-2 cells is associated with the nucleus. The possible function of NAN-lyase in the cell and the significance of its marked elevation during growth and differentiation are discussed in view of the fact that the levels of NAN, neuraminidase, NAN transferases and the enzymes that synthesize and activate NAN, remain essentially unchanged during differentiation.
SOIL SAMPLING IN COMPLEX TERRAIN

A procedure is described for recovering a representative soil sample from complex terrain for the purpose of determining the integrated radionuclide inventory deposited in the area. The precision of the inventory estimates is shown to be ±10% or less for137Cs and239+240Pu, and there is no statistically significant bias in the inventory estimates for the sampling location compared to the estimates made by other techniques. In complex terrains, the radiochemical composition of the soil beneath the unvegetated surfaces (desert pavement), grass, bush, and trees is shown to vary. These variations are interpreted to be due to changes in the translocation efficiency of particles of different size from the desert pavement to the soil beneath the vegetated covers.
Cue Utilization in the Self-Attribution of Emotions and Attitudes

Research indicates that style of cue utilization is an important factor in self-attribution processes. The present report examined the effects of cue utilization style upon the use of self-produced emotional cues in an induced-compliance attitude change paradigm. It was found that only individuals who utilize internal cues were influenced by the emotion manipulation and showed subsequent differences in attitude change.
Defect structures and nonbasal slip of C36 laves phase MgNi2 in a two-phase alloy

The microstructure of the C36 Laves phase MgNi2 in a two-phase Ni-15 at. pct Mg alloy was studied using electron microscopy. Both intrinsic and extrinsic stacking faults were found on the basal plane. The displacement vectors of the faults and Burgers vectors of partial dislocations either lying on the basal faults or bounding each side of the faults were analyzed using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nonbasal faults were found on the pyramidal planes {1011} and {1012} and the prismatic plane {1010}, all connected to basal faults. The displacement vector of the pyramidal faults was determined to be 1/12 〈4043〉. The microstructure was also studied after room-temperature compression, and nonbasal slip was found to be the major deformation mode.
Dentigerous cysts of the mandible in a baboon

Abstract The roentgenographic and histologic characteristics of dentigerous cysts in the mandible of a juvenile baboon are described. The occurrence of this and similar lesions in domestic animals and other nonhuman primates is summarized briefly.
The distal impact of two first-grade preventive interventions on conduct problems and disorder in early adolescence.

In this article, we examine the impact of two universal, first-grade preventive interventions on the prevalence of conduct problems and disorder and mental health service need and use in early adol...