cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A tale of two transmitters

Dale's principle states that each neuron uses one and only one neurotransmitter at all of its synapses. In their commentary, Nicoll and Malenka recount how the truth of this axiom was seriously undermined when some neurons were discovered to use two neurotransmitters. They go on to describe a report by page [ Jonas et al .][1] in this issue, which deals a further blow to Dale's principle by showing that two small molecule transmitters, glycine and GABA, can be released from the very same vesicle. [][2] [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/281/5375/419 [2]: http://
Dementia with Lewy bodies may present as dementia and REM sleep behavior disorder without parkinsonism or hallucinations

Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a sleep disturbance that commonly occurs in Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Retrospective examination of DLB course has shown that RBD and cognitive decline may precede the onset of parkinsonism and visual hallucinations. Therefore, some patients with DLB may initially present with dementia and RBD, but would not meet current formal criteria for probable DLB at that time. The purpose of this study is to determine whether patients with dementia and RBD, who do not have parkinsonism or visual hallucinations, have cognitive profiles that can be distinguished from autopsy-confirmed definite AD, but not from clinically probable DLB. If so, this would support the hypothesis that the presence of RBD and dementia, as the only presenting symptoms, reflects the early manifestation of DLB. Results show that early dementia in probable DLB and dementia with RBD are neuropsychologically indistinguishable. Both groups differ from definite AD of a similar early stage with significantly worse visual perceptual organization, sequencing and letter fluency but significantly better confrontation naming and verbal memory. In addition, follow-up data from a subset of patients with dementia and RBD reveal the subsequent development of parkinsonism or hallucinations 1 to 6 years later. Results indicate that the presentation of dementia and RBD is suggestive of underlying Lewy body disease and not Alzheimer's disease. This provides further evidence in support of including RBD as one of the core diagnostic features of DLB.
The Relationship Between Attributional Charismatic Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior

This study examined the relationship between attributional charismatic leadership and subordinate organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Survey data were collected from 63 supervisor-subordinate dyads employed in the Engineering Division of a manufacturing firm. Hierarchical regression analysis supported the prediction that subordinate attributions of supervisor charismatic leadership would be positively associated with supervisor reports of subordinate OCB. The findings were interpreted in terms of how subordinate personal identification and internalization processes induced by charismatic leadership may activate OCB.
Lowering the entry barrier and raising the confidence in large process models

Industrial software managers have been hesitant to adopt the results of software process research in part because the costs of developing formal process models are too high and because there is insufficient support for maintaining and evolving these models. We believe that methods alleviating these shortcomings will spur the adoption of process technologies. In this paper, we describe our work towards this goal.
Voltage controlled oscillators with ferroelectric capacitors

Tunable high dielectric constant(K) based on barium strontium titanate (Ba1-xSrxTiO3,x=0.5) varactor was fabricated by RF magnetron sputtering. The varactors have been characterized and a circuit simulation model has been developed. This capacitor has been used as a tunable element in VCO based on Seiler architecture. The VCO has been characterized for tunability and phase noise characteristics.
Phase I study of the antineovascularization drug CM101.

CM101 is a bacterial polysaccharide that induces neovascular inflammation in malignant tumors. Fifteen patients with refractory malignancies received CM101 i.v. by a 15-min infusion every other day, three times in 1 week, at doses ranging from 1 unit (7.5 microgram)/kg to 5 units/kg. Serum was analyzed for anti-CM101 IgG and IgM weekly. Plasma levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 8, interleukin 10, MIP-1alpha, and soluble E-selectin, were analyzed from -15 min to 12 h during each treatment. Dose-limiting toxicities, including grade IV dyspnea and arrhythmia, were encountered at the 5-unit/kg level. Toxicities occurred primarily within the first 12 h after therapy and included mild-to-moderate fever and chills, nausea, cough, headache, facial flushing, dyspnea, myalgias, and acute tumor-related pain. No patient developed detectable antibodies to CM101. All patients experienced marked time- and dose-dependent elevations in all cytokines studied. Three patients experienced tumor shrinkage. The results show that CM101 can be safely administered at doses that produce evidence for severe, and possibly tumor-specific, inflammation. Further study is necessary to better characterize the mechanism of action and determine the optimal dose and schedule of this new agent.
Predicting nuclear gene coalescence from mitochondrial data: the three-times rule.

Coalescence theory predicts when genetic drift at nuclear loci will result in fixation of sequence differences to produce monophyletic gene trees. However, the theory is difficult to apply to particular taxa because it hinges on genetically effective population size, which is generally unknown. Neutral theory also predicts that evolution of monophyly will be four times slower in nuclear than in mitochondrial genes primarily because genetic drift is slower at nuclear loci. Variation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within and between species has been studied extensively, but can these mtDNA data be used to predict coalescence in nuclear loci? Comparison of neutral theories of coalescence of mitochondrial and nuclear loci suggests a simple rule of thumb. The ''three-times rule'' states that, on average, most nuclear loci will be monophyletic when the branch length leading to the mtDNA sequences of a species is three times longer than the average mtDNA sequence diversity observed within that species. A test using mitochondrial and nuclear intron data from seven species of whales and dolphins suggests general agreement with predictions of the three-times rule. We define the coalescence ratio as the mitochondrial branch length for a species divided by intraspecific mtDNA diversity. We show that species with high coalescence ratios show nuclear monophyly, whereas species with low ratios have polyphyletic nuclear gene trees. As expected, species with intermediate coalescence ratios show a variety of patterns. Especially at very high or low coalescence ratios, the three- times rule predicts nuclear gene patterns that can help detect the action of selection. The three-times rule may be useful as an empirical benchmark for evaluating evolutionary processes occurring at multiple loci.
Iron nucleation mechanisms on vitreous carbon during electrodeposition from sulfate and chloride solutions

Iron nucleation mechanisms from aqueous solutions onto vitreous carbon electrode were comparatively investigated in iron sulfate and iron chloride systems by utilizing the electrochemical techniques of cyclic voltammetry (cv) and chronoamperometry (ca), coupled with atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The investigated parameters were pH, scanning rate, iron concentration, deposition potential and temperature. It was found that iron nuclei population density decreased with increase of pH. On the other hand, the population density increased with increase of iron concentration and cathodic deposition potential. Increase of solution temperature resulted in the increase of nuclei population density in the sulfate system, while the dependence of nuclei population density on temperature in the chloride system was more complex. The experimental electrochemical data fitted the theoretical model describing progressive nucleation mechanisms, which was also confirmed by the AFM morphological studies. In addition, the atomic force microscopy was successful in determining the possible crystallographic orientations of electrodeposited iron nuclei.
Prison Officers' Attitudes and Perceptions of Attitudes: A Case of Pluralistic Ignorance

Connecticut prison officers exhibit substantial misperception of the beliefs and attitudes of their fellow officers. On each of eight hypothetical conflict situ ations, officers perceive their colleagues as being less sympathetic to inmates and treatment than they report themselves to be. Officers who hold sympa thetic attitudes are likely to see themselves as isolated from the officer group, whereas officers holding attitudes unsympathetic to inmates and treatment tend to view themselves as in the mainstream of opinion, regardless of the ma jority view. In addition, officers tend to perceive unanimity among their col leagues even when consensus is lacking. These findings have implications for officers and for public policy regarding prisons.
Pitfalls in the fluid modeling of RTT variations in window-based congestion control

Deterministic delay differential equation models, where the packet traffic is modeled as a fluid, are widely used to study congestion control algorithms in the Internet. In this paper, we point out some pitfalls in such fluid modeling of window flow control algorithms. Specifically, we argue that the modeling assumptions used to capture the variability in the RTT (due to queue length fluctuations) may play a critical role in our ability to design stable algorithms. We study two scenarios to illustrate the dramatic impact of RTT modeling. We first consider TCP-Reno with RED, and show that assuming that the RTT is a constant (when it is actually time-varying) leads to conservative parameter choices, i.e., the system continues to be stable even with variable RTT. On the other hand, for the recently proposed stabilized Vegas, we show the following result: while the network can be stabilized under the constant RTT assumption, there is no choice of parameters that would stabilize the system when the RTT variations are taken into account. Interestingly, such problems do not arise if the congestion-control mechanisms at the end-users are rate-based.
Reply to the Letter to the Editor from Jubb

In Response: The letter to the Editor from Dr. Jubb has raised an important question as to whether the objective response rate is a useful indicator of treatment benefit from bevacizumab (BV) in combination with chemotherapy. Whether the response rate and progression-free survival are surrogates for
X-ray identification of chlorite species

An x-ray method is developed for identifying chlorite species in fine-grained materials. A survey of the crystal chemistry of chlorites shows that in orthochlorites the principal compositional variables are the Al ions in tetrahedral coordination and the Fe 2+ ions in octahedral coordination. These can be estimated from the basal (001) spacing and the structure factors of the lower order reflections. The problems which arise with leptochlorites and the applicability of the method to chlorites containing dioctahedral layers are discussed. Four examples are given comparing results obtained by the x-ray method with the results of chemical analysis.
Luther and Karlstadt Discussing the Syntax of Verba Testamenti

The present paper examines the discussion between Luther and Karlstadt on the syntax of verba testamenti with a particular reference to Luther's epistle to Karlstadt. The analysis uncovers the hermeneutical and grammatical concepts by which their argumentation concerning the interpretation of the Lord's Supper was conditioned.
Risky Sexual Behavior of Multiple Partner Relations and Women’s Autonomy in Four Countries

Existent research reveals that inequitable gender-based power in relationships and intimate partner violence contribute to HIV rates among women in the developing world. This study uses a multi-country analysis to examine women’s autonomy in negotiating safe sex practices such as having sex with a partner with no other concurrent partner to reduce the risk of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria, Kenya, Malawi, and Nepal. The Demographic Health Survey data for Nigeria (2013), Kenya (2008–2009), Malawi (2010), and Nepal (2011) provide geographical variability as well as HIV risk variables. The sample included 16,540 women aged 15–49 years who self-identified as ever married. Factor analysis for women’s autonomy was conducted based on socio-cultural theory. Logistic regression was conducted and results identified decision-making, labor force participation, and individual autonomy as women autonomy factors significantly reduced the risk for HIV infection by having one sex partner who has only one sex partner. Other women autonomy factors related to lower risk for HIV include education, place of residence, and religion. Our study indicates that effective management of HIV transmission requires addressing women autonomy factors within the context of culture.
Nomenclatural Notes. VIII. Stromatinia, An Available Generic Name (Not to be Replaced by Tarzetta, The Correct Name for Pustulina)

(1971). Nomenclatural Notes. VIII. Stromatinia, An Available Generic Name (Not to be Replaced by Tarzetta, The Correct Name for Pustulina) Mycologia: Vol. 63, No. 5, pp. 1084-1086.
Transnationalizing Borderlands History

This essay explores the history of writing about the border that unites and separates the United States, Mexico, and the rest of Latin America. It studies the concepts of the Spanish Borderlands, Greater America, Nuestra America, Aztlan, Borderlands, and Borderlands/La Frontera to examine how transnations have been studied in the past and call for the writing of transnational history.
Analysis on epidemic of Acute Flaccid Paralysis and its monitoring system in 2007 in Kunming

Objective To get to known onsets of Acute Flaccid Paralysis(AFP) and the operation of a monitoring system in Kunming to consolidate the polio-free achievements.Methods Applying the epidemiological analysis.Results In 2007,33 AFP cases under 15 year-old were reported,with report rate of 2.55/100000.18.18% children did not complete the entire immunization process required.All of the non-immunized children were from migrating families.The rate of timely specimen forwarding was 87.88%.The case report rate at first medical visiting was 14.29% at county and village level and was 75.76% in Kunming for the local children but the rate was 27.27% for non-local children,with significant difference(P0.01).Conclusion In order to maintain polio-free status,the sensibility and speciality of AFP surveillance system should be improved,and rates of adequating stool specimen collection and routine immunization should be enhanced.
The Temple: Poems on Grace, Employment, and the Church

Herbert’s ordination as a country parson in the small parish of Bemerton in 1630 is traditionally identified as the primary event of the last years of his life. However, the significance of this event remains unclear. Walton conflates 1625–1630 as those years when Herbert retires from the worldly life, resists but eventually dedicates himself to the ministry, and is rewarded by King Charles and Bishop Laud through the preferment to Bemerton. Amy Charles persuasively refutes Walton’s account of the involvement of Charles and Laud in the preferment, but finds the living to be the culmination of Herbert’s early desire to enter the ministry. Ronald Cooley, however, has argued that the living of Bemerton was in fact Herbert’s first step toward higher promotion. Michael Schoenfeldt suggests that Herbert never gave up his interest in advancement or his keen powers of courtiership. Many of Herbert’s biographers have approached his ordination and early death from an illness at the age of 40 as the final chapter of a completed life, but Herbert himself may have had very different expectations.1
Striving to Move Beyond Chemotherapy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer.

Arguably the two most transformative developments in oncology over the past decade have been, first, the push toward personalized, or precision, medicine, with rapidly evolving technologies and increasingly comprehensive, commercially availablemolecular platforms that allow us to more readily analyze patients’ tumors for actionable genetic alterations; and second, the recognition that harnessing the power of the host immune system can have, in some cases, a profound and longterm impact on patient outcomes. With patients’ heightened awareness of these trends through the popular press, social media, and direct-to-consumer advertising, it is natural—and justifiable—that more andmore of themare coming to their clinic visits requesting to have their tumors sequenced and asking whether they can receive immunotherapy. The problem is that these revolutions in clinical oncology have not made the same impact in pancreatic cancer as they have for many other solid tumors, at least not yet. Thus, in the review article by Varadhachary and Wolff discussing the future outlook for treatment of metastatic pancreatic cancer, the authors ask the provocative (and wholly appropriate) question in their subtitle: “Are we stuck with cytotoxic chemotherapy?”
CPSBot: A low-cost reconfigurable and 3D-printable robotics kit for education and research on cyber-physical systems

A new robotics kit for education and research on cyber-physical systems is proposed. Mechanical design, electrical design, and software development methods are discussed. The result of the design effort is the CPSKit, a 3D-printable Arduino-based mobile robot kit with various capabilities. The CPSKit is meant to be low-cost, 3D-printable, and use off-the-shelf electronics so the users can modify and build customized robots depending on their budget. The kit can be used at K-12 or university levels, and the 3D-printable design makes it accessible for students to manufacture in the classroom using low-cost 3D printers. Moreover, the kit does not sacrifice key capabilities of a mobile robot, namely odometry and wireless communication. These capabilities which are necessary for a high-level autonomous mobile robot are often left out of existing educational robotics kits. Several applications and examples are demonstrated to show the capabilities of the CPSKit.
Predictors and trajectories of chronic postoperative pain following hip preservation surgery

Factors contributing to chronic postoperative pain (CPOP) are poorly defined in young people and developmental considerations are poorly understood. With over 5 million children undergoing surgery yearly and 25% of adults referred to chronic pain clinics identifying surgery as the antecedent, there is a need to elucidate factors that contribute to CPOP in surgical patients. The present study includes patients undergoing hip preservation surgery at a children's hospital. The HOOS and SF-12 Health Survey were administered to 614 pre-surgical patients with 421 patients completing follow-up (6-months, 1-year and 2-years post-surgery). Pain, quality of life, and functioning across time were examined for each group within the population. A three trajectory model (low pain, pain improvement and high pain) emerged indicating three categories of treatment responders. Pain trajectory groups did not differ significantly on gender, pre-surgical age, BMI, prior hip surgery, surgical type, joint congruence or Tonnis grade. The groups differed significantly from each other on pre-surgical pain, pain chronicity, quality of life and functioning. Those in the high pain and pain improvement groups endorsed having pre-surgical depression at significantly higher rates and lower pre-surgical quality of life compared to those in the low pain group (P < 0.01). Those in the high pain group reported significantly worse pre-surgical functioning compared to those in the pain improvement (P < 0.0001) and low pain groups (P < 0.0001).The results demonstrate the need for preoperative screening prior to hip preservation surgery, as there may be a subset of patients who are predisposed to chronic pain independent of hip health.
Evaluating Private Equity Returns

Does private equity really beat public markets? Do top managers really significantly outperform their peers? Is their outperformance consistent over time? Is a top manager more likely to beat peers on the next fund? Is venture capital a different type of investment with different return expectations? How should investors choose between the two types of private equity investments? A recent pair of studies by noted academics in the private equity field provides an interesting analysis based on a broad data set that doesn’t suffer from the flaws common to most studies of private equity. Their findings are illuminating – and in some cases startling. They provide answers to many of the questions that investors have been asking; and they signal areas where private equity investors should be cautious. This article will review these studies in terms accessible to the investment professional. It will explore why the authors chose to use the more easily comparable Public Market Equivalent (and provide a useful algorithm for translating a fund’s typically-reported Multiple on Invested Capital into an approximate Public Market Equivalent). It will break-out buyout funds from VC funds and look at the risk factors that each has exposure to and attempt to answer the question: is the average fund really delivering excess returns or just higher returns for higher risk? It will reveal the difference between the returns of top and bottom managers and what the authors found about conventional ways investors choose managers. Finally, this article will offer some thoughts on how investors might use this information to make better investment decisions.
The use of co-creation within the luxury accommodation experience – myth or reality?

Abstract Co-creation has generated interest since its inception, which is believed to have coincided with the introduction and mass use of the Internet. There are many definitions for co-creation but, in essence, it is an active interaction between a company and a customer to create value, and this value is centred in the customer’s experience. It has been suggested that co-creation is just a buzzword or a fad, but this paper highlights that if co-creation is used to its full potential it can give a company a competitive advantage. Eighty-one participants were interviewed in six luxury properties within New Zealand using an interpretivist case-study methodology. There was consensus among managers, employees and guests that the luxury accommodation experience is materialised through a process of co-creation, involving managers, employees and guests. Encouraging more co-creation to take place can have a positive effect on how the luxury accommodation experience is created.
A VISION OF THE SECOND FIFTY YEARS OF NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

In my remarks today, I will consider the following topics: International Nuclear Societies Council Vision for the Second Fifty Years of Nuclear Energy1,2 Health Effects of Low Level Radiation3 Responsibility of Nuclear Technologists
Bayesian estimation of ELISA and gamma interferon test accuracy for the detection of bovine tuberculosis in caudal fold test–negative dairy cattle in Kuwait:

Bovine tuberculosis (TB) is endemic in Kuwait; cattle identified as TB-positive using the caudal fold test (CFT) are culled. We used a Bayesian approach to estimate the sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) of the IFNγ assay and ELISA, which are not routinely used in Kuwait in CFT-negative dairy cattle. Blood samples from CFT-negative cattle ( n = 384) collected from 38 dairy farms were tested by IFNγ assay and ELISA. The Se and Sp (95% CI) of the IFNγ were 85.0% (67.6-95.3%) and 90.4% (86.7-95.3%), respectively, whereas estimates for the ELISA were 61.1% (33.1-84.6%) and 85.4% (81.7-88.8%). TB prevalence (95 CI%) in CFT-negative cattle was estimated as 2.6% (0.5-9.5%). The IFNγ assay may play a role as an ancillary test for the identification of Mycobacterium bovis-infected cattle that are undetected by CFT.
Booker T. Washington in American Memory: Hamilton, Kenneth M., Urbana: University of Illinois Press 272 pp., $24.95, ISBN 978-0-252-08228-3 Publication Date: February 2017

Shortly following the unexpected death of Booker T. Washington in 1915, many began appraising his life and legacy. From 1915 through the modern civil rights movement, numerous biographies, articles...
Prisoner-of-war ship models made in Britain: History, manufacture, materials, and treatment

ABSTRACTPrisoners-of-war captured by the British during the French Revolutionary Wars (1792–1802) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803–1815) often worked assembly line style using scrap materials and leftover rations to make ship models that were sold at British markets. Since these models were created based on prisoners’ memories rather than using plans, they often have inaccuracies. Despite this, prisoner-of-war ship models are considered to be some of the best records of maritime vessels from England and France during these war years. Many of the models were made of wood but the most prized models were made of bone. The description of a bone model of the HMS Caesar in the collection of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of American History is presented in the context of materials typically used on such models. Research, comparison of other bone models, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis provided insight into the history, manufacture, and materials of these models. The rigging repair on anothe...
Transverse Colectomy: Laparoscopic Approach

Even for the most experienced surgeons, mobilization and resection of the transverse colon along with ligation of the middle colic vessels can be a daunting task. This can be even more unnerving when using a minimally invasive approach. Understanding the tissue planes and having several techniques for managing a large omentum, adherent stomach and potential bleeding will minimize morbidity and maximize outcomes. In this chapter, we will discuss the surgical approach to laparoscopic mobilization and resection of the transverse colon and focus on the appropriate handling of the middle colic vasculature.
Gene Therapy: Genetically Modified Cells

Gene therapy using genetically modified cells has been explored as a novel therapy for neurological disorders such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Genetically modified cells can serve as a biological minipump to deliver therapeutic molecules continuously and locally within the central nervous system. Critical technical issues are choice of appropriate vectors for gene transduction and cell types that are advantageous for targeted diseases. Diffusible molecules, such as neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors, are targeted to the affected areas of the brain. These studies have contributed to understanding the biological basis of the neurological disorders and have led to current early phase clinical trials.
The Course of Argumentation

Our first purposes in process of discourse should be to establish: a) the essential ideas of the interlocutor; b) to discover his real purposes. Could the other party to the dialogue possibly fail precisely to express his/her ideas or purposes? Why are they murky, cloudy, or inadequately enunciated?
Implementing electronic patient-reported outcomes measurements: challenges and success factors

Determining how to collect and use patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) continues to be an area of discussion, and in some cases frustration.1–5 Gaining a greater depth of knowledge concerning a patient’s initial health status as well as improvement after a medical or surgical intervention, would provide a clearer understanding of needed care paths and outcomes of treatments, oftentimes missing from our current healthcare processes.6 7 While PROMs are not a new idea, the ability to electronically collect, report and use the data has become more relevant in recent years. As such, this work focuses on the challenges and lessons learnt from implementing electronic PROMs (ePROMs) within a destination medical centre which provides team-based comprehensive care for patients. Implementations in multiple departments and disease specific areas of care throughout the organisation took place between January 2016 and March 2018. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) standard sets were used in each department as the primary survey tool, as scores could easily be calculated and the disease specific questionnaires administered at the point of care demonstrated a good fit for the organisation’s practices.6 8 ICHOM Standard Sets are global, standardised and validated questionnaires that have been combined into a set that captures information for the provider at a level that patients understand. Pre-existing intake assessments were evaluated within each department and service line and subsequently were merged or replaced with the ICHOM sets to create customised comprehensive condition-specific survey sets. In all cases, collection of the survey sets at patient intake provides a baseline for changes to be monitored as well as provides context for patient concerns, needs and areas in which clinicians may need to further inquire. Follow-up data are collected after operations or procedures and changes in patient responses are monitored and assessed. In the …
A cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase variant confers resistance against selenite toxicity and decreases selenocysteine misincorporation

Selenocysteine (Sec) is the 21st genetically encoded amino acid in organisms across all domains of life. Although structurally similar to cysteine (Cys), the Sec selenol group has unique properties that are attractive for protein engineering and biotechnology applications. Production of designer proteins with Sec (selenoproteins) at desired positions is now possible with engineered translation systems in Escherichia coli. However, obtaining pure selenoproteins at high yields is limited by the accumulation of free Sec in cells, causing undesired incorporation of Sec at Cys codons due to the inability of cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase (CysRS) to discriminate against Sec. Sec misincorporation is toxic to cells and causes protein aggregation in yeast. To overcome this limitation, here we investigated a CysRS from the selenium accumulator plant Astragalus bisulcatus that is reported to reject Sec in vitro. Sequence analysis revealed a rare His → Asn variation adjacent to the CysRS catalytic pocket. Introducing this variation into E. coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae CysRS increased resistance to the toxic effects of selenite and selenomethionine (SeMet), respectively. Although the CysRS variant could still use Sec as a substrate in vitro, we observed a reduction in the frequency of Sec misincorporation at Cys codons in vivo. We surmise that the His → Asn variation can be introduced into any CysRS to provide a fitness advantage for strains burdened by Sec misincorporation and selenium toxicity. Our results also support the notion that the CysRS variant provides higher specificity for Cys as a mechanism for plants to grow in selenium-rich soils.
Real-Time Detection of Food Consumption Activities Using Wearable Wireless Sensors* Research Partially supported by the Digital Technology Center, University of Minnesota.

This paper addresses research challenges associated with development of a wearable sensor system for detecting the food consumption activities of a subject. The objective is to automatically detect the occurrence of food consumption whenever it occurs, in order to use this activity detection to record a representative camera image of the food and count the number of bites of food consumed. The wearable system consists of two elastic bands - one each on the upper arm and wrist - instrumented with wireless inertial and magnetic sensors. Two major technical challenges include i) singularity issues with Euler angle estimation due to arm rotations that can exceed 90 degrees, and ii) the need to differentiate between eating and non-eating activities involving close hand-mouth proximity. The singularity challenge is addressed by using a direction cosine matrix estimation technique that utilizes a linear Kalman Filter. The differentiation between eating and non-eating activities is done using a support-vector-machine (SVM) based machine learning algorithm. Experimental results using wearable prototype bands show that both the DCM estimation and machine learning components work reliably and have the potential to be useful for home-based automated food intake detection.
Three Different Measures of Graduates’ Instructional Readiness and the Features of Preservice Preparation that Predict Them:

This article extends prior research seeking to identify preparation features related to better workforce outcomes. To our knowledge, it is the first to link many dimensions of preparation to gradua...
Measuring volumetric segmentation changes in the ipsilateral and contralateral kidney postpartial nephrectomy.

Abstract Objective To analyze the volumetric changes of the ipsilateral and contralateral kidneys and their effect on functional outcome post partial nephrectomy using segmentation analysis. Patients and methods We have analyzed the data of 119 patients from a single surgeon series of partial nephrectomy patients. Median follow-up was 11.40 months. Patients with bilateral tumors, and solitary kidney were excluded from analysis. Volumetric measurements were performed using a semiautomated tissue segmentation tool. A simple linear regression model to assess the predictors for parenchymal volume loss (PVL). A multivariable linear regression model was used to evaluate the association between PVL and warm ischemia time (WIT), controlling for other factors. Results Mean WIT was 12.09 ± 4.40 minutes and the mean percentage decrease in the volume of the operated kidney was 16.99 ± 13.49%. WIT (β = 1.24, P Conclusion Tumor complexity results in higher WIT and increased PVL as measured by volumetric segmentation. PVL is a key factor associated with functional outcome, and is directly linked to WIT. Increased PVL is also associated with decreased contralateral hypertrophy. Prospective studies with larger samples sizes will be required to validate our findings.
Language Models as Emotional Classifiers for Textual Conversations

Emotions play a critical role in our everyday lives by altering how we perceive, process and respond to our environment. Affective computing aims to instill in computers the ability to detect and act on the emotions of human actors. A core aspect of any affective computing system is the classification of a user's emotion. In this study we present a novel methodology for classifying emotion in a conversation. At the backbone of our proposed methodology is a pre-trained Language Model (LM), which is supplemented by a Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) that propagates information over the predicate-argument structure identified in an utterance. We apply our proposed methodology on the IEMOCAP and Friends data sets, achieving state-of-the-art performance on the former and a higher accuracy on certain emotional labels on the latter. Furthermore, we examine the role context plays in our methodology by altering how much of the preceding conversation the model has access to when making a classification.
A Genetic Algorithm Based Approach for Satellite Autonomy

Autonomous spacecraft maneuver planning using an evolutionary computing approach is investigated. Simulated satellites were placed into four different initial orbits. Each was allowed a string of thirty delta-v impulse maneuvers in six cartesian directions, the positive and negative x, y and z directions. The goal of the spacecraft maneuver string was to, starting from some non-polar starting orbit, place the spacecraft into a polar, low eccentricity orbit. A genetic algorithm was implemented, using a mating, fitness, mutation and crossover scheme for impulse strings. The genetic algorithm was successfully able to produce this result for all the starting orbits. Performance and future work is also discussed.
Ammonia separation from N2 and H2 over LTA zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes

Abstract LTA type zeolitic imidazolate framework membranes denoted as ZIF-21 were synthesized and evaluated for the separation of a commodity chemical, ammonia, from nitrogen and hydrogen. Membranes were grown using secondary seeded growth. Ammonia permeances were as high as 1727 GPU, with NH3/N2, and NH3/H2 ideal selectivities of 35, and 12 respectively. ZIF-21 membranes were also evaluated for gas mixtures composed of 13.8:86.2 NH3/N2 and NH3/H2, with mixture separation selectivities as high as 7.6 for NH3/N2. Differences in adsorption, and diffusivities were identified as the key separation mechanisms. Specifically, for both gas pairs the polar-polar interaction between ammonia and the linker polar channels, led to the preferential adsorption of ammonia, and therefore favored thermodynamically the separation of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen. In addition, for NH3/N2 gas pair, differences in diffusivities was a contributing separation mechanism. For NH3/H2 gas pair, due to the faster hydrogen diffusivity, the kinetic contribution was a strong competing separation mechanism.
Designing Trojan Detectors in Neural Networks Using Interactive Simulations.

This paper addresses the problem of designing trojan detectors in neural networks (NNs) using interactive simulations. Trojans in NNs are defined as triggers in inputs that cause misclassification of such inputs into a class (or classes) unintended by the design of a NN-based model. The goal of our work is to understand encodings of a variety of trojan types in fully connected layers of neural networks. Our approach is: (1) to simulate nine types of trojan embeddings into dot patterns; (2) to devise measurements of NN states; and (3) to design trojan detectors in NN-based classification models. The interactive simulations are built on top of TensorFlow Playground with in-memory storage of data and NN coefficients. The simulations provide analytical, visualization, and output operations performed on training datasets and NN architectures. The measurements of a NN include: (a) model inefficiency using modified Kullback–Liebler (KL) divergence from uniformly distributed states; and (b) model sensitivity to variables related to data and NNs. Using the KL divergence measurements at each NN layer and per each predicted class label, a trojan detector is devised to discriminate NN models with or without trojans. To document robustness of such a trojan detector with respect to NN architectures, dataset perturbations, and trojan types, several properties of the KL divergence measurement are presented.
Violations of Standard Practices by Predatory Economics Journals

This study examines factors associated with journals’ violations of scholarly ethics, referred to as predatory practices. The investigation uses a sample of economics journals listed in Cabells’ Pr...
Hyperion: high volume stream archival for retrospective querying

Network monitoring systems that support data archiving and after-the-fact (retrospective) queries are useful for a multitude of purposes, such as anomaly detection and network and security forensics. Data archiving for such systems, however, is complicated by (a) data arrival rates, which may be hundreds of thousands of packets per second on a single link, and (b) the need for online indexing of this data to support retrospective queries. At these data rates, both common database index structures and general-purpose file systems perform poorly. This paper describes Hyperion, a system for archiving, indexing, and on-line retrieval of high-volume data streams. We employ a write-optimized stream file system for high-speed storage of simultaneous data streams, and a novel use of signature file indexes in a distributed multi-level index. We implement Hyperion on commodity hardware and conduct a detailed evaluation using synthetic data and real network traces. Our streaming file system, StreamFS, is shown to be fast enough to archive traces at over a million packets per second. The index allows queries over hours of data to complete in as little as 10-20 seconds, and the entire system is able to index and archive over 200,000 packets/sec while processing simultaneous on-line queries.
Unions of Loeb nullsets

The union of every point-finite, completely measurable family of Loeb nullsets is itself a Loeb nullset, provided the nonstandard model satisfies a simple set-theoretic condition. One application of this result is that every Loeb measurable function into a metric space has a lifting.
Algorithms and Thermodynamics for RNA Secondary Structure Prediction: A Practical Guide

This article is about the current status of the mfold package for RNA and DNA secondary structure prediction using nearest neighbor thermodynamic rules. The details of the free energy rules and of the latest version 3.0 software are described. Future plans are also discussed.
Effects of aircraft and recreation on colonial waterbird nesting behavior

Because of the variability in the types of human activities to which animals are exposed and the associated responses by different species, there is a lack of consensus on the effects of humans on wildlife behavior. We studied the effects of military air traffic, all-terrain vehicles, off-road vehicles, and pedestrians on the nesting behaviors of least terns (Sternula antillarum), common terns (Sterna hirundo), gull-billed terns (Gelochelidon nilotica), and black skimmers (Rynchops niger) at North Core Banks, Cape Lookout National Seashore (CALO), North Carolina. We deployed digital audio recorders and time-lapse cameras within 9 colonies from May to August 2010–2011 and sampled nesting behaviors before, during, and after human activities. There was no evidence that military or civilian aircraft adversely affected incubation behavior for any of the focal species. The mean incubation rate by least terns was less during pedestrian events than control periods (91% vs. 79%, S = −2.2, P = 0.04). The current patterns of aircraft operations are unlikely to affect colonial waterbird demographics. Current beach management policies restricting human activity to >50 m from colony boundaries mitigated adverse impacts to nesting colonial waterbirds. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Advances in Understanding the Anomalous Dispersion of Plasmas in the X-Ray Regime

Over the last several years we have predicted and observed plasmas with an index of refraction greater than one in the soft X-ray regime. These plasmas are usually a few times ionized and have ranged from low-Z carbon plasmas to mid-Z tin plasmas. Our main computational tool has been the average atom code AVATOMKG that enables us to calculate the index of refraction for any plasma at any wavelength. In the last year we have improved this code to take into account many-atomic collisions. This allows the code to converge better at low frequencies.
Herbicide Transport in Goodwater Creek ExperimentalWatershed: I. Long-Term Research on Atrazine1

Lerch, R.N., E.J. Sadler, K.A. Sudduth, C. Baffaut, and N.R. Kitchen, 2010. Herbicide Transport in Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed: I. Long-Term Research on Atrazine. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1-15. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2010.00503.x Abstract: Atrazine continues to be the herbicide of greatest concern relative to contamination of surface waters in the United States (U.S.). The objectives of this study were to analyze trends in atrazine concentration and load in Goodwater Creek Experimental Watershed (GCEW) from 1992 to 2006, and to conduct a retrospective assessment of the potential aquatic ecosystem impacts caused by atrazine contamination. Located within the Central Claypan Region of northeastern Missouri, GCEW encompasses 72.5 km2 of predominantly agricultural land uses, with an average of 21% of the watershed in corn and sorghum. Flow-weighted runoff and weekly base-flow grab samples were collected at the outlet to GCEW and analyzed for atrazine. Cumulative frequency diagrams and linear regression analyses generally showed no significant time trends for atrazine concentration or load. Relative annual loads varied from 0.56 to 14% of the applied atrazine, with a median of 5.9%. A cumulative vulnerability index, which takes into account the interactions between herbicide application, surface runoff events, and atrazine dissipation kinetics, explained 63% of the variation in annual atrazine loads. Based on criteria established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, atrazine reached concentrations considered harmful to aquatic ecosystems in 10 of 15 years. Because of its vulnerability, atrazine registrants will be required to work with farmers in GCEW to implement practices that reduce atrazine transport.
Responses of cambarid crayfish to predator odor

The responses of individuals of four sympatric species of cambarid crayfish to the introduction of the odor of a common predator, the snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina, were recorded in the laboratory. Adult Orconectes virilis spent significantly more time in a lowered posture and reduced the frequency of nonlocomotory movements following introduction of snapping turtle odor but showed no change in behavior upon introduction of the odor of painted turtle (Chrysemys picta). Recently released young O. virilis did not respond to snapping turtle odor initially but did so after turtle odor and conspecific alarm odor had been paired. Individuals of O. propinquus did not respond to snapping turtle odor. Initial tests with O. rusticus did not yield any response to snapping turtle odor but after experience with paired turtle and alarm odor, individuals showed a decrease in nonlocomotory movements when just snapping turtle odor was introduced. Individuals of Cambarus robustus spent less time in the lowered posture, less time in their burrow, and more frequently executed nonlocomotory movements, in response to snapping turtle odor. The differences in responses to the odor of a common predator are correlated with ecological differences among the crayfish species.
Effect of hormonal events in earlier life and socioeconomic status on age at menopause.

IN VIEW OF the well-documented association between menstrual/reproductive characteristics and breast cancer and because of the evidence that suggests that the risk of breast cancer, like that of ovarian cancer,’ is related to total years of ovarian activity, we looked into the association of hormonal events (age at menarche. age at first and last pregnancy, and parily) in earlier life and age at menopause. Given the widely held notion that timing of menarche is related to nutritional status and with the assumption that nutrition is related to socioeconomic status, it is also of interest to know whether timing of menopause is related to socioeconomic status. To explore these issues, we used data obtained in our ongoing epidemiologic studies of breast disease. The analysis was confined to white women 255 years of age who had not been diagnosed as having breast cancer and in whom menopause had occurred naturally (X = 334) (Table I). Age at menarche and age at first or last pregnancy show no relation to natural menopause, but both parity and socioeconomic status are related to age at menopause. Nulliparous women and women of higher in-
Approximating Multicast Congestion

We present a randomized algorithm for approximating multicast congestion (a generalization of path congestion) to within O(log n) times the best possible. Our main tools are a linear programming relaxation and iterated randomized rounding.