cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effect of Bulk Miscibility on the Surface Composition of Polypropylene/Poly(ethylene-co-propylene) Blends

The surface composition profiles of bulk miscible and immiscible blends of atactic polypropylene (aPP) with aspecific poly(ethylene-co-propylene) rubber (aEPR) were studied by differential scanning...
Intracellular transport of VSV G protein occurs in cells lacking a nuclear envelope.

Summary The intracellular transport of the G protein of a temperature sensitive vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) mutant (ts 045) was examined in nucleated chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in CHO cells subjected to enucleation with cytochalasin B. Although protein synthesis was virtually unaffected, enucleated cells synthesized only 30–45% of the amount of G protein assembled in control cells. As measured by acquisition of endoglycosidase H resistance, the rate of transport of the G protein from the RER to the medial golgi was found to be similar for nucleated and enucleated cells ( t ½ = 15 min). These data suggest that elements of the RER may directly transfer their contents to the Golgi, without the obligatory involvement of an intact NE.
Risk tolerance in the present and the future: an experimental study

We design an experiment to study the consistency of risk preferences between lotteries that are resolved and paid in the present versus in the future. The results show that a substantial fraction of subjects (38.6%) exhibits a greater level of risk aversion for lotteries resolved and paid in the present than in the future. Additional treatments suggest that the effect is neither specific to gambles that are realized immediately, nor is due to steep discounting of future payoffs. Our experiment suggests that risk tolerance increases the farther in the future the gamble is realized. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of junction-barrier-controlled Schottky (JBS) rectifier characteristics

Abstract This paper provides analytical solutions for the forward conduction and reverse leakage characteristics of junction-barrier-controlled Schottky (JBS) rectifiers. Good agreement between the calculated output characteristics using these solutions and experimental measurements on devices fabricated with different junction depths and Schottky barrier heights is observed. These equations are valuable for the analysis and design of JBS power rectifiers.
Bound states of positrons with atoms and molecules: Theory

Abstract Calculations of the binding energies and annihilation rates of bound atomic and molecular systems which contain a positron are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on methods of calculation and the quality of the numerical results. In this article we limit our attention to positrons interacting with atoms, diatomic molecules, and their ions.
BREMSSTRAHLUNG IN ELECTRON-PROTON SCATTERING

Measurements were made of the differential cross section for high-energy electron-proton scattering accompanied by either the emission of photons of various energies or low-energy pions. The dominant process studied was scattering of electrons accompanied by the emission of a single hard photon. The experiment was carried out by observing the spectrum of the inelastically scattered electron without observation of the recoil proton or emitted photon. The differential cross section for this process was computed theoretically by the numerical integration of a formula previously obtained by Berg and Lindner. The result of the integration yielded an approximate formula which expresses the cross section in terms of an "equivalent radiator." This formula was checked against both the more accurate computation and the experiment and found to be in good agreement. The theoretical expression for inelastic electron scattering is given in terms of the experimental measurements of elastic electron-proton scattering. The check of experiment against theory could be made insensitive to both the values of the elastic electron-proton cross sections assumed and to the absolute acceptance of the magnetic spectrometer used in the experiment by normalizing the observations to measurements of elastic electron-proton scattering.
On data transmission scheduling considering switching penalty in mobile sensor networks

This paper presents fundamental results for the problem of throughput optimization in heterogeneous mobile sensor networks by considering the penalty incurred when a mobile node switches to another receiver. We present online and offline algorithms determining which receiver each mobile node connects to at each time slot to maximize total throughput. We initially consider the network setup with a single mobile sensor, and expand our solutions for two models with multiple mobile sensors and limited capacity for stationary receivers. We analyze the difficulty of our problem, and also the lower bound of the throughput ratio of our online algorithms. Simulation results demonstrate the impact of the decision parameter used to determine the propensity to switch receivers on the throughput ratio.
Kinetics of nitrogen tetroxide absorption in water

The rate of absorption of nitrogen peroxide into water at 25° and 40°C. has been found to be a linear function of the concentration of nitrogen tetroxide in the gas phase and directly proportional to the interfacial partial pressure of the same species. The rate of absorption is independent of gas velocity over a range of ReG from 170 to 350. The results plotted as absorption rate divided by interfacial partial pressure of nitrogen tetroxide show no effect of liquid rate or contact time between gas and liquid over a tenfold range of contact time from 0.03 to 0.3 sec. This indicates that the rate-controlling step during nitrogen dioxide absorption into water is the rate of hydrolysis of nitrogen tetroxide. The absorption rate decreases with increasing temperature from 25° to 40°C., owing to the shift of the equilibrium in the gas phase away from the reacting species nitrogen tetroxide toward nitrogen dioxide and owing to the the decreased solubility of nitrogen tetroxide in water. The effect of these factors on absorption more than offsets the effect of the increase in reaction rate and higher diffusivity on absorption at 40°C. The reaction rate constant for the hydrolysis of nitrogen tetroxide has been determined and the solubility of dissolved but unreacted nitrogen tetroxide in equilibrium with gaseous nitrogen tetroxide has been found.
Investigation of the Tu(>Tg) relaxation in homopolymers and block copolymers of styrene by torsional braid analysis

Abstract : Investigation of the T (ll) ( T(g)) relaxation in amorphous polymers of styrene by the technique of torsional braid analysis is reviewed. For the most part the relaxation behaves like the glass transition in its dependence on molecular weight, on average molecular weight in binary polystyrene blends, and on composition in a polystyrene homogeneously plasticized throughout the range of composition. Diblock and triblock copolymers also display a T T(g) relaxation above the T(g) of the polystyrene phase. Unlike the glass transition, the T(ll) relaxation appears to depend on the nature of the substrate. Two results in particular suggest that the T(ll) relaxation is molecularly based. (1) The T(ll) temperature is determined by the number average molecular weight for binary blends of polystyrene when both components have molecular weights below M(c) (the critical molecular weight for chain entanglements). (2) Homopolymers, and diblock and triblock copolymers of styrene, have a T T(g) relaxation at approximately the same temperature when the molecular weight of the styrene block is equal to that of the homopolymer. (Author)
The Power of Strategy Innovation: A New Way of Linking Creativity and Strategic Planning to Discover Great Business Opportunities

The article presents a review of the book “The Power of Strategy Innovation: A New Way of Linking Creativity and Strategic Planning to Discover Great Business Opportunities,” by Robert Johnston and J. Douglas Bate.
Sensitivity controls on Galitzin‐type seismographs

In Galitzin-type seismographs a coil of wire is fixed to the pendulum so that when an earthquake forces the coil to oscillate between the poles of a strong magnet a current is generated. This current is passed through a sensitive galvanometer and its variations are registered photographically on the seismogram. Two special requirements for standard type of operation of these units are: (1) The resistance external to the galvanometer must always be such as to critically damp the galvanometer. (2) The combined effect of a magnetic damping device plus the resistance external to the pendulum coil must always be such as to critically damp the seismometer pendulum. Galitzin found that if he attempted to reduce the sensitivity of the system by diverting part of the current through a shunt, these special damping requirements could not be met until the maximum sensitivity was reduced to approximately 2pct of the original value. The present investigation shows theoretically and experimentally how this range can be extended up to 7pct, approximately, by a slight and sometimes negligible change in the pendulum damping. In the experimental work a Sprengnether seismograph, which simulates the Galitzin in many respects, was used. The study was undertaken to record satisfactorily, through the use of sensitivity-control switches, the wide range of microseismic background experienced at the University of Washington Seismograph Station between the summer and winter months. The circuit and selector switch designs used to accomplish specified step reductions in sensitivity are described, and comments are made on certain operational problems concerned with optimum performance of Sprengnether seismographs.
AdS/CFT four-point functions: How to succeed at z-integrals without really trying

Abstract A new method is discussed which vastly simplifies one of the two integrals over AdS d +1 required to compute exchange graphs for four-point functions of scalars in the AdS/CFT correspondence. The explicit form of the bulk-to-bulk propagator is not required. Previous results for scalar, gauge boson and graviton exchange are reproduced, and new results are given for massive vectors. It is found that precisely for the cases that occur in the AdS 5 × S 5 compactification of Type IIB supergravity, the exchange diagrams reduce to a finite sum of graphs with quartic scalar vertices. The analogous integrals in n -point scalar diagrams for n >4 are also evaluated.
Impairment of Glioma Stem Cell Survival and Growth by a Novel Inhibitor for Survivin–Ran Protein Complex

Purpose: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a devastating disease. Recent studies suggest that the stem cell properties of GBM contribute to the development of therapy resistance. Experimental Design: The expression of Survivin and Ran was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with GBM tissues, and quantitative reverse transcriptase (qRT)-PCR and immunocytochemistry with patient-derived GBM sphere cultures. With a computational structure-based drug design, 11 small-molecule compounds were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as inhibitor candidates for the molecular interaction of Survivin protein. The molecular mechanism of the lead compound, LLP-3, was determined by Western blot, ELISA, in situ proximity ligation assay, and immunocytochemistry. The effects of LLP-3 treatment on GSCs were evaluated both in vitro and in vivo . Quantitative immunohistochemistry was carried out to compare Survivin expression in tissues from 44 newly diagnosed and 31 recurrent post-chemoradiation GBM patients. Lastly, the sensitivities of temozolomide-resistant GBM spheres to LLP-3 were evaluated in vitro . Results: Survivin and Ran were strongly expressed in GBM tissues, particularly in the perivasculature, and also in patient-derived GSC cultures. LLP-3 treatment disrupted the Survivin–Ran protein complex in cancer cells and abolished the growth of patient-derived GBM spheres in vitro and in vivo . This inhibition was dependent on caspase activity and associated with p53 status of cells. Immunohistochemistry showed that Survivin expression is significantly increased in recurrent GBM compared with newly diagnosed tumors, and temozolomide-resistant GBM spheres exhibited high sensitivities to LLP-3 treatment. Conclusions: Disruption of the Survivin–Ran complex by LLP-3 abolishes survival and growth of GSCs both in vitro and in vivo , indicating an attractive novel therapeutic approach for GBM. Clin Cancer Res; 19(3); 631–42. ©2012 AACR .
Theoretical Explanations for Reactivity in Self-Monitoring

Self-monitoring is the procedure by which individuals record the occurrences of their own target behaviors. In addition to providing a source of data, self-monitoring is also used as a therapeutic strategy because it often causes reactive behavior changes in response frequency. Three alternative viewpoints to account for this reactivity are presented. Kanfer's position (1970a, 1970b, 1975, 1977) is that the self-monitoring response leads to self-evaluation and self-administered consequences that alter response frequency. Rachlin (1974) holds that the self-monitoring response cues the ultimate environmental consequences that control behavior rate. In an extension of Rachlin's view, Hayes and Nelson (1977) propose that the entire self-monitoring process (therapist instructions, training, self-recording device, self-monitoring responses) prompts the external consequences that control behavior frequency. This extension provides theoretical parsimony in positing environmental antecedents as well as consequence...
The schema-based approach to workflow management

Workflow management encompasses a set of tools and techniques for organizing, monitoring, and automating complex processes. In this paper, we present an approach to applying workflow management techniques to design processes. Our approach is based upon a novel information model, called a task schema, that classifies the various tool and data objects used in a design process, and defines the rules by which tools and data may be used to form tasks. The schema-based approach to workflow management has been implemented in a CAD tool named Hercules. >
Molecular mechanisms of DNA mismatch repair.

Abstract DNA mismatch repair (MMR) safeguards the integrity of the genome. In its role in postreplicative repair, this repair pathway corrects base–base and insertion/deletion (I/D) mismatches that have escaped the proofreading function of replicative polymerases. In its absence, cells assume a mutator phenotype in which the rate of spontaneous mutation is greatly elevated. The discovery that defects in mismatch repair segregate with certain cancer predisposition syndromes highlights its essential role in mutation avoidance. Recently, three-dimensional structures of MutS, a key repair protein that recognizes mismatches, have been determined by X-ray crystallography. This article provides an overview of the structural features of MutS proteins and discusses how the structural data together with biochemical and genetic studies reveal new insights into the molecular mechanisms of mismatch repair.
Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Absence of Adenosine A1 Receptor Signaling

OBJECTIVE The role of adenosine (ADO) in the regulation of glucose homeostasis is not clear. In the current study, we used A1-ADO receptor (A1AR)-deficient mice to investigate the role of ADO/A1AR signaling for glucose homeostasis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS After weaning, A1AR −/− and wild-type mice received either a standard diet (12 kcal% fat) or high-fat diet (HFD; 45 kcal% fat). Body weight, fasting plasma glucose, plasma insulin, and intraperitoneal glucose tolerance tests were performed in 8-week-old mice and again after 12–20 weeks of subsequent observation. Body composition was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging and epididymal fat-pad weights. Glucose metabolism was investigated by hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies. To describe pathophysiological mechanisms, adipokines and Akt phosphorylation were measured. RESULTS A1AR −/− mice were significantly heavier than wild-type mice because of an increased fat mass. Fasting plasma glucose and insulin were significantly higher in A1AR −/− mice after weaning and remained higher in adulthood. An intraperitoneal glucose challenge disclosed a significantly slower glucose clearance in A1AR −/− mice. An HFD enhanced this phenotype in A1AR −/− mice and unmasked a dysfunctional insulin secretory mechanism. Insulin sensitivity was significantly impaired in A1AR −/− mice on the standard diet shortly after weaning. Clamp studies detected a significant decrease of net glucose uptake in A1AR −/− mice and a reduced glucose uptake in muscle and white adipose tissue. Effects were not triggered by leptin deficiency but involved a decreased Akt phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS ADO/A1AR signaling contributes importantly to insulin-controlled glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity in C57BL/6 mice and is involved in the metabolic regulation of adipose tissue.
Personalized Tamoxifen: What Is the Best Way Forward?

patient was a strong component for selection, the tumor characteristics were not. Tamoxifen and other antiestrogenic agents were used indifferently, and no other targeted agents were tested. Little biologic characterization of the tumors beyond estrogen-receptor status and histology was performed. No patient subset seemed to benefit from HDC more than any other, but characterization was limited, and this underscores the importance of the work herein by Berry et al. Thereisencouragingevidencethatcurrentbreastcancerresearch isavoidingthepitfallsthatbesetHDC.Often,phaseIIIdatafromtwo or more large, well-conducted clinical trials are awaited before novel therapies are adopted. Even when early results are promising, researchers are required to present follow-up data for long-term key outcomes before final adjudication occurs. Contemporary examples, such as research into bisphosphonate therapy in the adjuvant setting, bevacizumab, and the poly(adenosine diphosphate)-ribose polymerase inhibitors in metastatic disease, illustrate this point. It is now generally accepted that phase III trials are often required to establish tomorrow’s standard of care. Insurers should routinely cover clinical costs for patients who are enrolled onto legitimate peer-reviewed
Aerosolized Bexarotene Inhibits Lung Tumorigenesis without Increasing Plasma Triglyceride and Cholesterol Levels in Mice

Prior studies have shown the retinoid X receptor (RXR) agonist bexarotene has preventive efficacy in rodent models of mammary and lung tumorigenesis albeit causing hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia. We reasoned that bexarotene delivered by inhalation may provide sufficient dose directly to the respiratory tract to achieve efficacy while avoiding these side effects. In this study, the chemopreventive activity of aerosolized bexarotene was investigated in the benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P]-induced mouse lung tumor model as assessed by tumor multiplicity and tumor load. Aerosolized bexarotene significantly decreased tumor multiplicity and tumor load by 43% and 74%, respectively. Our data showed that bexarotene can both inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis in vivo. Our data also show that aerosolized bexarotene did not increase plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride level compared with diet group. These results indicate that aerosolization may be a safe and effective route of administering bexarotene for chemoprevention of lung cancer.
Gene therapy for cartilage healing

Articular cartilage has only a limited capacity for repair. Only in the event of damage that extends through to the underlying vasculature and marrow of the subchondral bone will a repair response be initiated; populations of mesenchymal stem cells infiltrate the lesion and synthesize space-filling tissue. This repair tissue is of inferior composition and degenerates with time. Gene transfer strategies, however, may provide methods to stimulate these cells toward the synthesis of more suitable repair tissue that is functionally closer to normal articular cartilage. Through the in vitro transfer of genes encoding certain growth factors such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) we have found it possible to stimulate chondrogenesis of bone marrow stem cells as well as increase the synthesis and deposition of extracellular matrix components by chondrocytes. In contrast to the exploration of complex ex vivo methods for engineering cartilaginous tissues, we have been undertaking practical methods for transferring genes encoding chondrogenic growth factors directly to cells infiltrating osteochon-dral defects in a rabbit model. For this approach, vectors suitable for gene delivery in vivo are absorbed into a biologically compatible matrix and implanted directly into freshly generated osteochondral lesions. Using either recombinant adenoviral vectors or plasmid DNAs we have shown that cells entering the defect can infiltrate the implanted matrix, interact with the vector and express the transgene product for up to 3 weeks. This method is currently being evaluated for its effectiveness in repairing osteochondral defects following the delivery of chondrogenic genes such as TGF-β, BMP-2 and IGF-1.
Gibbs sampling classification of QAM signals in frequency selective channels

In this paper, we present a method for QAM signal classification at the receiver, when signals are transmitted through frequency selective channels. Utilizing the Gibbs sampler, a classification of the constellation is achieved, along with joint estimation of all unknown system parameters including the data symbols. When the channel parameters are unknown, additional steps are taken for parameter estimation without altering the general approach. The method is shown to perform well on constellations with different cardinalities, resulting in an algorithm with a relatively low computational complexity and fast convergence.
The relevance of an adequate concept of “bigger” for investigations of size conservation: A methodological critique

Abstract Having found that the concept of “bigger” for young children is dis-proportionately weighted for verticality ( Lumsden and Poteat, 1968 ), the hypothesis tested here is that this inadequate concept has been a confounding source in investigations of size conservation which have utilized the question, “Is one bigger than the other?” Training directed toward the learning of a multidimensional concept of “bigger” was administered to 20 children ranging in age from 5 1 2 to 7 1 2 yrs . A standard size-conservation task was given to this experimental group and a control group of 20 comparable children of the same age range. The difference between the incidence of size-conserving responses of the trained and untrained groups was significant beyond the .01 level. Furthermore, a posttest of the adequacy of the “bigger” concept revealed a difference significant beyond the .001 level. These data point to the necessity of assuring that conservation questions be free of propaedeutic concepts not yet attained by the youngest of the S s to whom the question will be addressed.
Endogenous inputs to the respiratory system in wakefulness and sleep

Breathing differs in wakefulness and sleep because of the presence or absence of state-specific tonic inputs to the respiratory system. In non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep, tonic inputs that occur in wakefulness are lost. The source of the tonic inputs in wakefulness may be the serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei, the reticular activating system, or other central nervous system structures that participate in behavioral control of the respiratory system. In rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, there are both inhibitory and excitatory endogenous inputs to the respiratory system. Some respiratory muscles are hypotonic or atonic because of disfacilitation and/or active inhibition of their motoneurons. There are also endogenous excitatory inputs that affect brain stem respiratory neurons and respiratory muscles and that can account for the irregular, rapid breathing pattern characteristic of REM sleep.
FEULGEN MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDIES OF PANDORINA MORUM AND OTHER VOLVOCALES (CHLOROPHYCEAE)12

The nuclear DNA content during normal vegetative growth and division has been examined in three species of Volvocales, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard, Pandorina morum Bory, and Volvox carteri f. nagariensis Iyengar. The results are consistent with the nuclear cycle reported in the literature for Eudorina. Nuclear DNA content does not increase during the prolonged cell growth phase. At the time of colony formation, nuclear DNA doubles, the nucleus divides, and this alternation continues until the final 2n complement of progeny nuclei is formed. The 4- and 8-nucleate stages of dividing gonidia of V. carteri have a nuclear DNA content in the same range as the somatic cells; they are not polyploid or polytene. Four normal clones of Pandorina, having 2, 5 or 12 chromosomes, all had similar amounts of DNA per nucleus, suggesting that the species has a nuclear genome of fairly constant size rather than consisting of many strains representing a polyploid series. One unique clone, a hybrid with double the chromosome number of either its parents, had twice as much DNA as the normal clones. The Feulgen spectrophotometric method is sufficiently sensitive to detect 2-fold differences in DNA content at the level of 2 × 10−13 g of DNA /nucleus, and its use avoids the complications associated with the presence of organelle DNA.
Power Distribution Diagnosis with Uncertainty Information Based on Improved Rough Sets

The volume of data with a few uncertainties overwhelms classic information systems in the distribution control center and exacerbates the existing knowledge acquisition process of expert systems. The paper describes a systematic approach for detecting superfluous data. It is considered as a "white box" rather than a "black box" like in the case of neural network. The approach therefore could offer user both the opportunity to learn about the data and to validate the extracted knowledge. To deal with the uncertainty and deferent structures of the system, rough sets and fuzzy sets are introduced. The reduction algorithm based on uncertainty rough sets is improved. The rule reliability is deduced using fuzzy sets and probability. The worked example and simulation result of a power distribution system shows the effectiveness and usefulness of the approach
Do You See What I See? Patient and Clinician Perceptions of Underlying Dimensions of Suicidality.

The clinical suicidology literature strongly emphasizes the importance of risk assessment. However, limited empirical data are available about the assessment process. The present study investigated the ways in which clinicians and patients perceive several theoretical dimensions related to suicide: psychological pain, external pressures/stressors, agitation/emotional upsetness, self-regard, and hopelessness. Data from the current sample suggest that clinicians and parasuicidal patients independently perceived most of these dimensions similarly, with the exception of agitation/emotional upsetness (perturbation). The implications of these findings are discussed.
Exploring Individual Differences in Student Writing with a Narrative Composition Support Environment

Novice writers face significant challenges as they learn to master the broad range of skills that contribute to composition. Novice and expert writers differ considerably, and devising effective composition support tools for novice writers requires a clear understanding of the process and products of writing. This paper reports on a study conducted with more than one hundred middle grade students interacting with a narrative composition support environment. The texts are found to pose important challenges for state-of-the-art natural language processing techniques. Furthermore, the study investigates the language usage of middle grade students, the cohesion and coherence of the resulting texts, and the relationship between students' language arts skills and their writing processes. The findings suggest that composition support environments require robust NLP tools that can account for the variations in students' writing in order to effectively support each phase of the writing process.
Performance of D-criteria in isolating meteor showers from the sporadic background in an optical data set

Separating meteor showers from the sporadic meteor background is critical for the study of both showers and the sporadic complex. The linkage of meteors to meteor showers, to parent bodies, and to other meteors is done using measures of orbital similarity. These measures often take the form of so-called D-parameters and are generally paired with some cutoff value within which two orbits are considered related. The appropriate cutoff value can depend on the size of the data-set (Southworth & Hawkins 1963), the sporadic contribution within the observed size range (Jopek 1995), or the inclination of the shower (Galligan 2001). If the goal is to minimize sporadic contamination of the extracted shower, the cutoff value should also reflect the strength of the shower compared to the local sporadic background. In this paper, we present a method for determining, on a per-shower basis, the orbital similarity cutoff value that corresponds to a chosen acceptable false-positive rate. This method also assists us in distinguishing which showers are significant within a set of data. We apply these methods to optical meteor observations from the NASA All-Sky and Southern Ontario Meteor Networks.
FOUNDATIONS FOR ON-THE-FLY LEARNING IN THE CHUCK PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE

Machine learning techniques such as classification have proven to be vital tools in both music information retrieval and music performance, where they are useful for leveraging data to learn and model relationships between low-level features and high-level musical concepts. Explicitly supporting feature extraction and classification in a computer music programming language could lower barriers to musicians applying classification in more performance contexts and encourage exploration of music performance as a unique machine learning application domain. Therefore, we have constructed a framework to execute feature extraction and classification in ChucK, forming a foundation for porting MIR solutions into a real-time performance context as well as developing new solutions directly in the language. We describe this work in depth, prefaced by introductions to music information retrieval, machine learning, and the ChucK language. We present three case studies of applying learning in real-time to performance tasks in ChucK, and we propose that fusing learning abilities with ChucK’s real-time, on-the-fly aesthetic suggests exciting new ways of using and interacting with learning algorithms in live computer music performance.
Filling the workforce gap in data science and data analytics

The goal of this workshop is to provide a forum for iSchool faculty who are developing programs in data analytics, eScience, eResearch, big data, and cyberinfrastructure to discuss best practices with respect to preparing students to fill the workforce need for managers and analysts to analyze big data and make decisions based on their findings.
Dropout Prevention in Middle and High Schools From Research to Practice

Based on work with state and local education agencies in dropout prevention for students with disabilities, successful research-based interventions are described along with details of how these interventions have been implemented in middle and high schools across the country. The interventions that have helped students with disabilities graduate from school include early warning systems, mentoring programs, student engagement, family engagement, academic remediation and enrichment, career-focused curricula, interpersonal skills instruction, a focus on the transition to high school, and class/school restructuring initiatives.
A CASE OF WANDERING SPLEEN IN CHILDHOOD

A 10-year-old boy was admitted with the complaint of intermittent abdominal pain which was worsend when he stood up. Abdominal mass was palpated and echography, CT, liver-spleen scintigraphy, and angiography could diagnosed it was wandering spleen. Splenectomy was carried out. There were no fixing ligaments nor any signs of necrosis or infarction of the spleen, Wandering spleen in children is a rare entity and reviewing the literatures and necrosis or infarction of the spleen, Wandering spleen in children is a rare entity and reviewing the literatures and lack of the ligaments fixing the spleen, which might be a reason of frequent occurrence of pedicle torsion in pediatric cases. Accordingly surgical treament has been generally recommended. Other characteristic features in pediatric cases and the choise of surgical treatment were also discussed.
Detection of Antibody by Complement-Fixation in Sera of Man and Monkey Convalescent from Mumps.∗

The importance of mumps as a disease among military personnel is considerable. In the last war it stood third among the diseases causing time lost from duty, being surpassed only by venereal diseases and influenza.12Although the work of Johnson and Goodpasture,3 using Macaccus mulatta as the experimental animal, established the etiological agent of mumps as a filterable virus, the practical implications of their findings have not been realized. Thus, no laboratory tests for the diagnosis of the infection or tests for susceptibility are available. Moreover, no means are at hand by which the potency of convalescent sera which have been employed as prophylaxis may be assayed. Accordingly, we undertook the repetition of the basic experiments of Johnson and Goodpasture with the object of extending them in these directions. In this paper we report briefly on a complement-fixation test for the detection and estimation of antibody in the sera of man and monkey convalescent from mumps.About 3 cc of saliva collecte...
Enhancement of Transcription by a Splicing-Competent Intron Is Dependent on Promoter Directionality.

Enhancement of transcription by a splicing-competent intron is an evolutionarily conserved feature among eukaryotes. The molecular mechanism underlying the phenomenon, however, is not entirely clear. Here we show that the intron is an important regulator of promoter directionality. Employing strand-specific transcription run-on (TRO) analysis, we show that the transcription of mRNA is favored over the upstream anti-sense transcripts (uaRNA) initiating from the promoter in the presence of an intron. Mutation of either the 5′ or 3′ splice site resulted in the reversal of promoter directionality, thereby suggesting that it is not merely the 5′ splice site but the entire splicing-competent intron that regulates transcription directionality. ChIP analysis revealed the recruitment of termination factors near the promoter region in the presence of an intron. Removal of intron or the mutation of splice sites adversely affected the promoter localization of termination factors. We have earlier demonstrated that the intron-mediated enhancement of transcription is dependent on gene looping. Here we show that gene looping is crucial for the recruitment of termination factors in the promoter-proximal region of an intron-containing gene. In a looping-defective mutant, despite normal splicing, the promoter occupancy of factors required for poly(A)-dependent termination of transcription was compromised. This was accompanied by a concomitant loss of transcription directionality. On the basis of these results, we propose that the intron-dependent gene looping places the terminator-bound factors in the vicinity of the promoter region for termination of the promoter-initiated upstream antisense transcription, thereby conferring promoter directionality.
Risk behavior for HIV infection among injecting drug users in methadone clinic

Objectives To identify risk behaviors associated with HIV infection among injection drug users(IDUs) so as to provide evidence to develop intervention for IDUs.Methods A cross-sectional survey of IDUs(n = 6633) was conducted in an methadone clinic in Hubei,China,to collect information on demographics,drug use history,risk behavior,and other social variables.Combined with HIV infectious status,HIV related risk behavior was analyzed.Results The average age of initial use drug among males was 27.03 ± 6.7,females,25.80 ± 6.7,most of them received education under junior high school level(70%),83.8% were unemployed,15% of the participants used a condom consistently,49.6% of them sharing needles.Injection behavior was related with educational level.(χ2 = 10.6,P 0.01),Multivariate regression analysis showed that the times of needle sharing were associated with sex behaviors,educational level,gender,age,drug expenses.Conclusions Risk behaviors among IDUs in Hubei are common,and most IDUs are considered a vulnerable population of HIV.More attention should be paid to the intervention on risk behaviors in methadone clinic.
A Direct Proof and a Transcendental Version of the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra via Cauchy's Theorem

We will show that Cauchy's theorem implies the Fundamental Theorem of Algebra in a direct and elementary manner. Furthermore, the argument can be used to give a transcendental version of the theore...
African Trypanosomes Find a Fat Haven.

The African trypanosome was thought to primarily develop in the bloodstream and interstitial spaces of its mammalian host. In this issue of Cell Host & Microbe, Trindade et al. (2016) report the surprising finding that during ongoing persistent infections in mice, a major fraction of the parasites reside within fatty tissues.
Connectivity of Smart Devices: Addressing the Security Challenges of the Internet of Things

The Internet of Things (IoT) entails interconnection of smart devices in a global network based on the possibility of seamless integration of physical objects such as sensors or home appliances, with the potential for enormous data generation which can be processed to benefit society. The application of IoT in real life has made significant strides in many areas, including transportation, healthcare, utility services, as well as commercial and residential buildings. The recent adaptation of enabling wireless technologies, such as RFID (radio-frequency identification) tags and embedded sensor and actuator nodes, is enabling IoT as the next revolutionary technology in fully integrating and unleashing the full potential of the Internet. Despite its huge potential, there are numerous concerns about the security of IoT with regard to confidentiality, availability, and data integrity. This chapter discusses the security concerns of IoT, as well as some existing and in-progress security protocols and technologies for addressing those concerns. The chapter concludes by suggesting that for IoT technologies, applications, and solutions to be widely adopted by relevant stakeholders, there needs to be security guarantees in terms of system-level confidentiality, authenticity, and privacy. These include definition of authentication mechanism as well as object identification process with related identity management system to help promote the benefits of securely connected smart objects.
Sexual Orientation and Sexual and Reproductive Health among African American Sexual Minority Women in the U.S. South.

Abstract Background Research on the sexual and reproductive health of sexual minority women, especially those of color, is limited. Methods Using multivariable Poisson regression, we estimated risk ratios for the association between two dimensions of sexual orientation (sexual identity and sexual behavior) and five sexual and reproductive health indicators (pregnancy, contraceptive use, human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] testing, Pap test use, and sexual assault) among African American sexual minority women in the U.S. South (n = 165). Results Lesbians were less likely than bisexual women to have ever been pregnant (risk ratio [RR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.48–0.85), ever received an HIV test (RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80–0.96), obtained a Pap test in the last 3 years (RR, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.61–0.91), and had an abnormal Pap test result in their lifetime (RR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.24–0.75). Women with only female past-year sexual partners were less likely than women with male and female past-year sexual partners to have ever been pregnant (RR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.43–0.78), ever received an HIV test (RR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.79–0.96), obtained a Pap test in the last 3 years (RR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.67–0.99), and had an abnormal Pap test result in their lifetime (RR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32–0.94). Contraceptive use, receiving an abnormal Pap test result at the time of the study visit, and experiencing sexual assault did not differ by sexual identity or behavior. Conclusions Several sexual and reproductive health indicators varied in relation to sexual identity and sexual behavior among Southern African American sexual minority women. Interventions that facilitate access to sexual and reproductive health services and are tailored to the unique needs of sexual orientation subgroups of sexual minority women are needed.
Biomechanical Performance of Medial Row Suture Placement Relative to the Musculotendinous Junction in Transosseous Equivalent Suture Bridge Double-Row Rotator Cuff Repair

Purpose To compare the biomechanical performance of medial row suture placement relative to the musculotendinous junction (MTJ) in a cadaveric transosseous equivalent suture bridge (TOE-SB) double-row (DR) rotator cuff repair (RCR) model. Methods A TOE-SB DR technique was used to reattach experimentally created supraspinatus tendon tears in 9 pairs of human cadaveric shoulders. The medial row sutures were passed either near the MTJ (MTJ group) or 10 mm lateral to the MTJ (rotator cuff tendon [RCT] group). After the supraspinatus repair, the specimens underwent cyclic loading and load to failure tests. The localized displacement of the markers affixed to the tendon surface was measured with an optical tracking system. Results The MTJ group showed a significantly higher ( P = .03) medial row failure (5/9; 3 during cyclic testing and 2 during load to failure testing) compared with the RCT group (0/9). The mean number of cycles completed during cyclic testing was lower in the MTJ group (77) compared with the RCT group (100; P = .07) because 3 specimens failed in the MTJ group during cyclic loading. There were no significant differences between the 2 study groups with respect to biomechanical properties during the load to failure testing. Conclusions In a cadaveric TOE-SB DR RCR model, medial row sutures through the MTJ results in a significantly higher rate of medial row failure. Clinical Relevance In rotator cuff tears with tendon tissue loss, passage of medial row sutures through the MTJ should be avoided in a TOE-SB RCR technique because of the risk of medial row failure.
Antibodies Against the Current Influenza A(H1N1) Vaccine Strain Do Not Protect Some Individuals From Infection With Contemporary Circulating Influenza A(H1N1) Virus Strains

During the 2013-2014 influenza season, nearly all circulating 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus (A[H1N1]pdm09) strains possessed an antigenically important mutation in hemagglutinin (K166Q). Here, we performed hemagglutination-inhibition (HAI) assays, using sera collected from 382 individuals prior to the 2013-2014 season, and we determined whether HAI titers were associated with protection from A(H1N1)pdm09 infection. Protection was associated with HAI titers against an A(H1N1)pdm09 strain possessing the K166Q mutation but not with HAI titers against the current A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain, which lacks this mutation. These data indicate that contemporary A(H1N1)pdm09 strains are antigenically distinct from the current A(H1N1)pdm09 vaccine strain.
Comparison of Videostroboscopy to Stroboscopy Derived From High-Speed Videoendoscopy for Evaluating Patients With Vocal Fold Mass Lesions

Purpose Videostroboscopy (VS) uses an indirect physiological signal to predict the phase of the vocal fold vibratory cycle for sampling. Simulated stroboscopy (SS) extracts the phase of the glottal cycle directly from the changing glottal area in the high-speed videoendoscopy (HSV) image sequence. The purpose of this study is to determine the reliability of SS relative to VS for clinical assessment of vocal fold vibratory function in patients with mass lesions. Methods VS and SS recordings were obtained from 28 patients with vocal fold mass lesions before and after phonomicrosurgery and 17 controls who were vocally healthy. Two clinicians rated clinically relevant vocal fold vibratory features using both imaging techniques, indicated their internal level of confidence in the accuracy of their ratings, and provided reasons for low or no confidence. Results SS had fewer asynchronous image sequences than VS. Vibratory outcomes were able to be computed for more patients using SS. In addition, raters demonstra...
Correlation of KIT expression with higher FLT3 mutations and impact on clinical outcome in patients newly diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML).

7067 Background: KIT (CD 117) is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase protein receptor encoded by the c-kit protooncogene. KIT mutations were described in AML and impart a prognostic impact on patients (pt) with core binding factor. However, its expression effect on clinical phenotype and outcome is unknown. Methods: A retrospective, single institution study of cases with AML at Mayo Clinic between 2003 - 2011 was performed. Pts with blasts KIT expression studied by flow cytometry at diagnosis were included. Appropriate IRB approval was obtained in accordance with the Helsinki declaration. Comparison between groups’ medians was done using Wilcoxon test, while survival estimates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Results: Out of 154 pts who had KIT analysis, KIT+ (>20% of blasts) was in 134 (87%). Median age is 62 year, with median white blood cell (WBC) 9 x109, Hemoglobin (Hgb) 9.3 g/dl, platelet (PLT) 56 x109, peripheral blood (PB) blast 10%, bone marrow (BM) blasts 56%. Cytogenetics (CG) was diploid ...
Further Topics in First-Order Logic

We introduce this subject with a parable about two scholars, named Oren and Nero, who were visiting an archaeologist and were shown a recently discovered tablet, the contents of which are reproduced in Figure 4.1. They soon realized that the figures on the tablet were truth tables, and they set about translating them into more familiar notations. (Before proceeding further, the reader is advised to do this for himself for at least a few of the tables.) Oren produced the translation in Figure 4.2, and Nero produced that in Figure 4.3. As they started to show their translations to the archaeologist, Nero modestly remarked “That was really quite easy, as soon as I realized that ⊕ denoted conjunction”. “But you’re wrong!” exclaimed Oren. “⊕ denoted disjunction!” They argued for some time, and neither was able to persuade the other that he was wrong. All they could agree on was that ⊖ denoted negation.