cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control Laws Development for a Free-Flying Unmanned Robotic System to Support Interplanetary Bodies Prospecting and Characterization Missions

In situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) facilitates planetary exploration by drawing needed resources, such as water, from the local environment. However, the extreme nature of these environments require the development of advanced unmanned space systems integrated with sample-capture devices to achieve the ultimate goal of prospecting these resources. This paper presents the design, development and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) simulation testing of guidance and tracking control laws for an autonomous small marsupial free-flyer prospector system. The control laws are based on an extended non-linear dynamic inversion (NLDI) approach and its implementation is illustrated through HIL simulation using a mathematical model of an autonomous vehicle research platform developed by NASA Kennedy Space Center. This vehicle has been designed to support the development, testing and validation of algorithms for safe, reliable, and scalable control space missions with minimal need for human intervention in complex, unstructured environments. The main objective of the control laws is to minimize 3-axis distances with respect to a desired trajectory and maintain stability and adequate performance in the presence of uncertainties. The performance of the control laws is evaluated during autonomous flight in terms of trajectory tracking errors, real-time execution on board the flight computer, and control activity at nominal and dynamically-changing conditions. The results show that for all mission cases investigated the control laws approach has desirable capabilities and is reliable for in-flight testing operation as a next step towards the validation and verification of this configuration.
Colloidal Synthesis of Magnetic CuCr2S4 Nanocrystals and Nanoclusters

Nanocrystals and nanoclusters of the room-temperature magnetic spinel CuCr2S4 have been synthesized using a facile solution-based method. The synthesis involves hot injection of an excess of 1-dodecanethiol (1-DDT) into a boiling coordinating solvent containing CuCl2 and CrCl3·6H2O. Using octadecylamine (ODA) as a solvent yields cube-shaped nanocrystals with an average size of 20 ± 2 nm, while with oleylamine (OLA), nanoclusters with an average size of 31 ± 2.5 nm are obtained. In both cases, powder X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of the pure spinel phase without any impurities. While the synthesized powders are superparamagnetic near room temperature, they exhibit ferromagnetic behavior at lower temperatures, with magnetization (MS) values of 30 emu/g (1.63 μB/f.u.) and 33 emu/g (1.79 μB/f.u.) for the ODA- and OLA-capped nanocrystals and nanoclusters, respectively, at 5 K.
The Risks of Dead Reckoning: A Postscript on Oil, Climate Change, and Political Time

252 The Journal of American History June 2012 So how did it happen that the threat to our fairly far-off descendants, which required that we heed an alarm and adopt precautionary principles and begin to take measured action lest we have a crisis for future generations, et cetera—how did that suddenly turn into the Arctic melting away, the tropics expanding, the ocean turning acid? How did time dilate, and “100 or 200 years from now” become yesterday?
The Control of the Pea Aphid in Alfalfa Fields With Special Reference to the Chain Drag

This paper summarizes the history of the pea aphid ( Illinoia pisi Kalt) as an alfalfa pest in Kansas, results of the attacks of this insect on alfalfa, and experiments on artificial control. Nicotine sulphate sprays and dusts, use of harrows, field roller, cultipacker, and the brush drag did not give satisfactory control. Burning, while a theoretically correct control, is difficult, expensive, and of doubtful value. The use of Cyanogas flakes broadcasted in or at the margins of spots at about 30 lbs. or more to the acre, and the aphids then jarred to the ground, has given excellent results. Two aphid dozers, an original one, and one of Doctor Dudley's machines were tested for four seasons. Collections of 30 to 90% of the aphids have been made, depending on the height of the alfalfa. A new control implement, called a chain drag, has been devised. It has been used in only one outbreak where the infestation was reduced 50 or 60% by one treatment. The drag is inexpensive to build and operate. It is regarded as a promising control implement for this insect and possibly for some other insect pests occurring in alfalfa fields.
The role of textiles in indoor environmental pollution: Problems and solutions

Abstract Textiles provide interiors with a sense of softness, they absorb sound, and they can improve aesthetics; however, they can negatively affect indoor air quality (IAQ) due to chemicals used in production, treatments, and more. An illness related to poor indoor air quality is multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS). Exposure to various chemicals found within the environment may trigger symptoms of MCS. The major cause of the illness is poor IAQ. This chapter will discuss the concerns for indoor environmental pollution, illness related to poor IAQ, problems with textiles and methods of minimizing pollution through textiles, application and examples, and future trends.
Questioning Our Past and Building a Future: Teacher Education in Dance for the Twenty-First Century (2010)

Through description, historical autobiography, and reflection, the author charts for readers an experiential archive of postsecondary dance education during the past three decades. She begins with the state of the field before 1980, looks at how the world has changed since then, and questions the extent to which the field has changed in response. She wonders how the perceived need for constant advocacy might have kept the field from rigorous examination that is critical for continued growth. Through asking difficult questions and thinking critically about her answers, the author examines positions and practices from the past, including methodology, content, standards, and assessment, and re-evaluates them in light of twenty-first century changes and challenges. In revealing how one individual has navigated some critical issues in dance education over a long career, this piece demonstrates how change can occur on the micro-level.
Conflict Inflation as an Analytical Approach

The general perspective of the present book is in basic agreement with Tobin’s conception of conflict inflation, albeit with three important qualifications. First, the inflationary pressure deriving from an excess of ex ante income claims over the real income available to satisfy these claims ex post is only realized as an actual inflation of the price level insofar as aggregate claims are accommodated by increases in the stock and/or velocity of money.2 The conflict approach thus posits that inflation is both a real and a monetary process, but that the real side – the excess of real income claims – is the fundamental causal factor in the sense that, without dissatisfaction over the existing level and/or distribution of national income, the basis for inflationary growth of the supply and/or velocity of money simply would not exist.
Garden of Grand Vision: Economic life in a flophouse complex Harbin, China 1940

During the Second World War Harbin was a major city in the puppet-state ofManzhouguo, the industrial heart of the Japanese war effort in East Asia.The Garden of Grand Vision was a flophouse complex located in the Chineseslums of Harbin. The 2,000 drug addicts, gamblers and prostitutes who madethe Garden their home were mostly migrants from North China who had fallenon hard times. In 1940 the Japanese police conducted a detailed survey oflife in the Garden, portraying it as a swamp of disorder and immorality.In contrast, this paper describes the residents of the Garden as theyvaliantly participated in a vigorous underground economy and arranged theirlives for survival.
Odd azimuthal anisotropy of the Glasma for pA scattering

Abstract In this paper we analytically extract the odd azimuthal anisotropy in the Classical Yang–Mills equations for the Glasma for pA collisions. We compute the first non-trivial term in the expansion of the proton sources of color charge. The computation is valid in the limit of a large nucleus when the produced particle momenta are larger than the saturation momentum of the proton.
Intussusception: a rare complication in a patient with acute leukaemia after consolidation chemotherapy

Intussusception is telescoping of one segment of the gastrointestinal tract into an adjacent one. It is more common in children than adults. When it occurs in adults, it is usually associated with a lead point. Intussusception is very rare in acute leukaemia and has only been reported in few cases. We present a case of an adult woman who presented with intussusception after a cycle of consolidation chemotherapy with high-dose cytarabine for acute myeloid leukaemia. Other causes of acute abdominal pain were excluded, and the diagnosis was established by CT scan of the abdomen and barium enema. No pathological lead points were found intraoperatively. She underwent a right-sided hemicolectomy with complete recovery. To the best of our knowledge, this is only the fourth case of intussusception that has been reported in an adult patient with acute myeloid leukaemia.
Assignment of Jassus flavostriata Melichar in the Genus Lesinda McKamey in the Tribe Equeefini Theron (Coelidiinae (sensu lato): Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

ABSTRACT Jassus flavostriata Melichar, listed in the genera Jassus (Evans 1955: 301) and Coelidia (Metcalf (1964: 49), was overlooked in the revision of the tribe Coelidiini (Nielson 1982). The species is relegated herein to the genus Lesinda McKamey, in the tribe Equeefini sensu Theron nec tribe Coelidiini sensu Nielson, with descriptions and illustrations of the male genitalia for the first time. Lesinda Mckamey is a replacement name for Selinda Theron 1986, preoccupied by Selinda Moore 1883. Lesinda bruggeni (Theron) is herein new combination for Selinda bruggeni Theron. A male syntype specimen, Jassus flavostriatus Melichar, is herein designated lectotype.
Brief of Scholars of the History and Original Meaning of the Fourth Amendment as Amici Curiae in Support of Petitioner: Carpenter v. United States

Obtaining and examining cell site location records to find a person is a “search” in any normal sense of the word — a search of documents and a search for a person and her personal effects. It is therefore a “search” within the meaning of the Fourth Amendment in that it constitutes “examining,” “exploring,” “looking through,” “inquiring,” “seeking,” or “trying to find.” Nothing about the text of the Fourth Amendment, or the historical backdrop against which it was adopted, suggests that “search” should be construed more narrowly as, for example, intrusions upon subjectively manifested expectations of privacy that society is prepared to recognize as reasonable. Entrusting government agents with unfettered discretion to conduct searches using cell site location information undermines Fourth Amendment rights. The Amendment guarantees “[t]he right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches.” The Framers chose that language deliberately. It reflected the insecurity they suffered at the hands of “writs of assistance,” a form of general warrant that granted state agents broad discretion to search wherever they pleased. Such arbitrary power was “unreasonable” to the Framers, being “against the reason of the common law,” and it was intolerable because of its oppressive impact on “the people” as a whole. As emphasized in one of the seminal English cases that inspired the Amendment, this kind of general power to search was “totally subversive of the liberty of the subject.” James Otis’s famous speech denouncing a colonial writ of assistance similarly condemned those writs as “the worst instrument of arbitrary power,” placing “the liberty of every man in the hands of every petty officer.” Thus, although those who drafted and ratified the Fourth Amendment could not have anticipated cellphone technology, they would have recognized the dangers inherent in any state claim of unlimited authority to conduct searches for evidence of criminal activity. Cell site location information provides insight into where we go and what we do. Because this information is constantly generated and can be retrieved by the government long after the activities it memorializes have taken place, unfettered government access to cell site location information raises the specter of general searches and undermines the security of “the people.”
Massive Uterine Fibroids in an Anemic Patient

The patient is a 28-year-old nulliparous African American female who is referred for evaluation and management of massive symptomatic uterine fibroids, heavy menstrual bleeding, and anemia. She desires fertility in the near future. She has known about her fibroids for 5 years but has been relatively asymptomatic until approximately 1 year ago.
Protective Effect of Anti-Phosphatidylserine Antibody in a Guinea Pig Model of Advanced Hemorrhagic Arenavirus Infection.

Objective Host derived markers on virally infected cells or virions may provide targets for the generation of antiviral agents. Recently, we identified phosphatidylserine (PS) as a host marker of virions and virally-infected cells. Methods and materials Under normal physiological conditions, PS is maintained on the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane facing the cytosol. Following viral infection, activation or pre-apoptotic changes cause PS to become externalized. We have previously shown that bavituximab, a chimeric human-mouse antibody that binds PS complexed with β2-glycoprotein I (β2GP1), protected rodents against lethal Pichinde virus and cytomegalovirus infections. Results Here, we determined the antiviral activity of a fully human monoclonal antibody, PGN632, that directly binds to PS. Treatment with PGN632 protected 20% of guinea pigs with advanced infections of the hemorrhagic arenavirus, Pichinde, from death. Combining PGN632 with ribavirin improved the antiviral activity of both agents, such that the combination rescued 50% of animals from death. Conclusion The major mechanisms of action of PGN632 appear to be opsonization of virus and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of virally-infected cells. PS-targeting agents may have utility in the treatment of viral diseases.
Prospects for testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry with antiprotons.

A brief overview of the prospects of testing Lorentz and CPT symmetry with antimatter experiments is presented. The models discussed are applicable to atomic spectroscopy experiments, Penning-trap ...
Simultaneous measurement of target range and velocity using a hybrid coding waveform scheme

In this paper, a new method to simultaneously extract target range and radial velocity information in radar systems is introduced. A pair of orthogonal waveforms with different pulse repetition frequencies (PRF) are bundled and transmitted as a single hybrid radar waveform for target measurement. Two orthogonal signal processing channels, i.e. low PRF and high PRF channels, at the receiver perform the extraction of target range and Doppler information, respectively. The processing results using the proposed algorithms for both single target and multiple targets are presented.
Thermochemical conditions for the formation of Archean lode gold mineralization at Atlantic City-South Pass, Wyoming

5 INTRODUCTION 6 REGIONAL GEOLOGY 10 Wyoming Archean Province 10 South Pass Supracrustal Belt 12 TRACE ELEMENT GEOCHEMISTRY 19 DISCUSSION 42 CONCLUSIONS 50 SECTION II. ORIGIN OF ARCHEAN LODE GOLD MINERALIZATION 51 AT ATLANTIC CITY-SOUTH PASS: FLUID IN­ CLUSION, STABLE ISOTOPE, AND TRACE ELEMENT STUDIES ABSTRACT 52 INTRODUCTION 54 GEOLOGICAL SETTING 58 MINERALIZATION IN THE ATLANTIC CITY-SOUTH PASS DISTRICT 67 Mining History 67 Lode Gold Deposits 68 GEOCHEMISTRY 71 Trace Element Geochemistry 71 Stable Isotope Ratio Analysis 73 Fluid Inclusion Analysis 86
Gravitational waves from gauge preheating

We study gravitational wave production during Abelian gauge-field preheating following inflation. We consider both scalar and pseudoscalar inflaton models coupled directly to Abelian gauge fields via either a dilatonic coupling to the gauge-field kinetic term or an axial coupling to a Chern-Simons term. In both cases gravitational waves are produced efficiently during the preheating phase, with a signature louder than most cosmological signals. These gravitational waves can contribute to the radiation energy budget of Universe at a level which will be probed by upcoming cosmic microwave background experiments through ${N}_{\mathrm{eff}}$. For axially coupled fields the resulting gravitational wave spectrum is helically polarized---a unique feature that can be used to differentiate it from other stochastic gravitational wave backgrounds. We compute the gravitational topological charge and demonstrate that gauge preheating following axion inflation may be responsible for the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe via gravitational leptogenesis.
To Nissen or Not to Nissen

Nissen’s fundoplication has proved to be extremely useful in adults. Because of the simplicity of the procedure and the certain antireflux effect, it is also employed by many pediatric surgeons.
Matching Methods for Selection of Participants for Follow-Up

This work examines ways to make the best use of limited resources when selecting individuals to follow up in a longitudinal study estimating causal effects. In the setting under consideration, covariate information is available for all individuals but outcomes have not yet been collected and may be expensive to gather, and thus only a subset of the comparison participants are followed. Expressions in Rubin and Thomas (1996) show the benefits that can be obtained, in terms of reduced bias and variance of the estimated treatment effect, of selecting comparison individuals well matched to those in the treated group compared with a random sample of comparison individuals. We primarily consider nonexperimental settings but also consider implications for randomized trials. The methods are illustrated using data from the Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Prevention Program, which included data collection from age 6 to young adulthood of participants in an evaluation of 2 early elementary-school-based universal ...
Urban Opportunities in the New Millennium: An Introduction

This issue of Cityscape examines how social, economic, and technological changes pose immediate and long-term challenges and opportunities for cities and, as a consequence, for national urban policy. The authors? perspectives raise vital questions about the shape, substance, and function of urban and regional places in an increasingly interdependent and competitive global economy. They provide both retrospective and prospective insights into the ways in which poverty, immigration and migration, economic globalization, and technological innovation affect public-sector choices for urban communities approaching the turn of a new century. The central theme emerging from this collection of articles is that the responses of the past will not necessarily provide a path to the future. Cities must innovate and adapt when seeking solutions to problems caused by rapid changes in their environment. Flexibility and creativity are key to designing public policies to deconcentrate poverty, increase opportunity, and furnish a better quality of life. For example, the continuing loss of jobs and population in many large cities can be reversed only with public policies that profit from the emerging global economy. Cities must strategically adapt to the information age by mobilizing public and private resources to be successful in our new, highly competitive economic environment.
PET/FDG imaging of ulcerative colitis: A preliminary report

1320 Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine if PET/FDG imaging could determine the disease activity in patients with ulcerative colitis. Methods: Five patients thought to have ulcerative colitis flare-ups were studied using PET/FDG imaging. Patients were examined after a 6 hour fast, after which they were administered approximately 10 mCi of F-18-FDG while they rested quietly. PET imaging of the abdomen was performed 1 hour later, for 6 minutes per bed position. Images were acquired on a GE Discovery LS PET/CT scanner. Images were reviewed by a physician blinded to the clinical results. PET images were scored on a 4 point scale, with activity compared to the liver on a scale of 0-3 (Grade 0:activity less than the liver; Grade 1: activity equal to the liver; Grade 2: activity greater then the liver but less than 3x the liver activity: Grade 3:activity greater than or equal to 3 times the liver). There were 5 areas scored for disease activity in each patient (small bowel, ascending, transverse, descending, and rectosigmoid colon). The PET results were compared to the clinical disease activity/endoscopy/pathology results. Results: Twenty-five areas of bowel activity were graded for PET/FDG activity in the 5 patients. There were 4 areas found to be a grade 0, 8 areas a grade 1, 2 areas a grade 2, and 11 areas a grade 3. 11 of the 12 areas noted clinically or pathologically to have active ulcerative colitis were grade 3 activity on the PET/FDG scan, with one area thought to clinically have active ulcerative colitis graded as 1 in the transverse colon, but the descending and rectosigmoid areas in this patient were grade 3. Overall there was excellent correlation between the PET/FDG grade 3 activity and location in the colon and the disease activity as found on examination of the colon by endoscopy or pathology. All areas considered to have grade 3 activity on the PET/FDG scan had active disease. There were no grade 3 areas that did not have active ulcerative colitis. Conclusions: PET/FDG imaging showed excellent correlation with disease activity and location in patients with ulcerative colitis. In the next phase of this research investigation we will determine if this activity improves after treatment. Research Support (if any): Procter and Gamble Pharmaceuticals
Printed 5G Reconfigurable Wireless Modules Using Additive Manufacturing Techniques

The overview of recent advances in additive manufacturing techniques such as different metallization methods is introduced. A fully printed 5G reconfigurable antenna is proposed. The fabrication process using 3D and inkjet printer is characterized. The flexible 3D printed material is used as the base substrate and the inkjet printed silver traces are used as the conductive traces. The operational frequency range of the proposed antenna can be changed by applying pressure on the flexible to change the shape of the structure. Thus, reconfigurability can be achieved. The center of the operational frequency can be adjusted between 26 GHz to 28.9 GHz. The adjusting rate is 11 %.
Reusable polystyrene wafer coating as an antiadhesive layer for PDMS thin film production

Abstract Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a commonly used material in many fields such as microfluidics and sensor technology. Despite its abundant usage, there is still need for easier and less repetitive methods of PDMS thin film fabrication. In this work we present a wafer preparation technique which allows multiple PDMS castings onto the substrate without the need of retreatment. A polystyrene thin film was spin coated onto the wafer which serves as a PDMS antiadhesive layer. The coating was characterized before and after PDMS preparation, remaining unchanged throughout processing. Furthermore, a PDMS thin film fabricated on the coated wafer was bonded to a thicker PDMS base yielding a membrane device. The device was demonstrated as an optical pressure sensor.
Differential regulation of autophagy during metabolic stress in astrocytes and neurons.

Macroautophagy/autophagy is a key homeostatic process that targets cytoplasmic components to the lysosome for breakdown and recycling. Autophagy plays critical roles in glia and neurons that affect...
Cultural Considerations in Treating Depression

In this chapter, we review important cultural considerations in the treatment of depression for racial/ethnic minorities. We accomplish this by first reviewing the epidemiology of depression among different racial/ethnic groups in the USA, focusing on Latinx, Black and African Americans, Asian Americans, and American Indians. We then review research that has investigated variability in depression along important contextual factors within racial/ethnic minority groups. Afterwards, we review the literature on psychotherapy for depression with racial/ethnic minorities, highlighting commonalities and differences across different treatment adaptations and approaches. Finally, we conclude with recommendations for clinicians and researchers, including the integration of therapist cultural competence and therapy cultural adaptations, as well as attention to heterogeneity within different racial/ethnic groups and the role that systems of privilege and oppression play in shaping these differences.
An Immune Response to the Avascular Lens Following Wounding of the Cornea Involves Ciliary Zonule Fibrils

The lens and central cornea are avascular. It was assumed that the adult lens had no source of immune cells and that the basement membrane capsule surrounding the lens was a barrier to immune cell migration. Yet, microfibril-associated protein-1 (MAGP1)-rich ciliary zonules that originate from the vasculature-rich ciliary body and extend along the surface of the lens capsule, form a potential conduit for immune cells to the lens. In response to cornea debridement wounding, we find increased expression of MAGP1 throughout the central corneal stroma. The immune cells that populate this typically avascular region after wounding closely associate with this MAGP1-rich matrix. These results suggest that MAGP1-rich microfibrils support immune cell migration post-injury. Using this cornea wound model, we investigated whether there is an immune response to the lens following cornea injury involving the lens-associated MAGP1-rich ciliary zonules. Our results provide the first evidence that following corneal wounding immune cells are activated to travel along zonule fibers that extend anteriorly along the equatorial surface of the lens, from where they migrate across the anterior lens capsule. These results demonstrate that lens-associated ciliary zonules are directly involved in the lens immune response and suggest the ciliary body as a source of immune cells to the avascular lens.
Low friction in bcc metals via grain boundary sliding

Low friction is demonstrated with pure polycrystalline tantalum sliding contacts in both molecular dynamics simulations and ultrahigh vacuum experiments. This phenomenon is shown to be correlated with deformation occurring primarily through grain boundary sliding and can be explained using a recently developed predictive model for the shear strength of metals. Specifically, low friction is associated with grain sizes at the interface being smaller than a critical, material-dependent value, where a crossover from dislocation mediated plasticity to grain-boundary sliding occurs. Low friction is therefore associated with inverse Hall-Petch behavior and softening of the interface. Direct quantitative comparisons between experiments and atomistic calculations are used to illustrate the accuracy of the predictions.
Exploring the Free Energy Landscape and Thermodynamics of Protein-Protein Association: HIV-1 Integrase Multimerization Induced by an Allosteric Inhibitor

Abstract We report the free energy landscape and thermodynamics of the protein-protein association responsible for the drug-induced multimerization of HIV-1 integrase (IN). Allosteric HIV-1 integrase inhibitors (ALLINIs) promote aberrant IN multimerization by bridging IN-IN intermolecular interactions. However, the thermodynamic driving forces and kinetics of the multimerization remain largely unknown. Here we explore the early steps in the IN multimerization by using umbrella sampling and unbiased molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. In direct simulations, the two initially separated dimers spontaneously associate to form near-native complexes that resemble the crystal structure of the aberrant tetramer. Most strikingly, the effective interaction of the protein-protein association is very short-ranged: the two dimers associate rapidly within tens of nanoseconds when their binding surfaces are separated by d ≤ 4.3 A (less than two water diameters). Beyond this distance, the oligomerization kinetics appears to be diffusion controlled with a much longer association time. The free energy profile also captured the crucial role of ALLINI in promoting multimerization, and explained why several CTD mutations are remarkably resistant to the drug-induced multimerization. The results also show that at small separation the protein-protein binding process contains two consecutive phases with distinct thermodynamic signatures. First, inter-protein water molecules are expelled to the bulk resulting in a small increase in entropy, as the solvent entropy gain from the water release is nearly cancelled by the loss of side chain entropies as the two proteins approach each other. At shorter distances, the two dry binding surfaces adapt to each other to optimize their interaction energy at the expense of further protein configurational entropy loss. While the binding interfaces feature clusters of hydrophobic residues, overall, the protein-protein association in this system is driven by enthalpy and opposed by entropy. Statement of Significance Elucidating the energetics and thermodynamic aspects of protein-protein association is important for understanding this fundamental biophysical process. This study provided a more complete physical picture of the protein-protein association responsible for the drug-induced HIV-1 integrase multimerization. The results captured the critical role of the inhibitor, and accounted for the effects of mutations on the protein association. Remarkably, the effective range of the protein-protein attractive funnel is found to be very short, at less than two layers of water, despite the fact that the two binding partners carry opposite net charges. Lastly, entropy/enthalpy decomposition shows that the solvent release from the inter-protein region into the bulk is more than offset by the loss of the solute configurational entropy due to complexation.
Can’t you see I’m trying to help? Relationship satisfaction and the visibility and benefit of social support in type 1 diabetes:

Whether visible and invisible social support are beneficial depends on contextual factors, such as relationship satisfaction. The purpose of the present study was to examine whether differences in ...
Comparative Validation Study on Bioinspired Morphology-Adaptation Flight Performance of a Morphing Quad-Rotor

Inspired by the advantages from natural birds’ shape-morphing adapted flight performance, this work investigates how the bioinspired adaptative morph induced inertia variation affects the flight performance of a morphing quad-rotor. Extensive numerical and experimental evaluations on a custom-built morphing quad-rotor that is steered along a predefined path and hovers in the presence of constant wind disturbance were performed and analyzed. Simulation results demonstrate that the smaller quad-rotor exhibits better agility performance due to the compact volume/size and lower weight, while the bigger one appears more flight robustness in a disturbed environment such as windy testing area. Experimental studies further prove that by adaptatively altering its volume/size, our quad-rotor with the bioinspired in-flight morphing behavior can well execute path following tasks in a constrained space without deviating the trajectory when encountering obstacles, as well it can withstand external wind torque through morphing up its volume to therewith increase relevant moment-of-inertia for improving the flight robustness. Compared to the regular scaled aerial vehicles whose volumes’ change follows a weight change proportionally, our results also indicate that our in-flight morphing aerial vehicle mechanism (i.e. the quad-rotor morphs the volume but without changing weight/mass) shows more advantages in power efficiency and morphologically adaptative flight capability.
Electoral Responsiveness in Closed Autocracies: Evidence from Petitions in the former German Democratic Republic

Contested elections are usually seen as precondition for constituent responsiveness. By contrast, I show that even uncontested elections can create incentives for autocratic regimes to address citizen demands. I propose that closed autocracies engage in cycles of responsiveness before uncontested elections to assure citizens of their competence and raise popular support. They do so to mitigate the short-term destabilizing effects of elections. Analyzing a unique dataset of petitions to the government of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR), I calculate that response times to petitions were up to 31 percent shorter before the GDR's uncontested elections. Moreover, I introduce the concept of ``substantive responsiveness,'' which focuses on the material consequences of responsiveness for petitioners, and show that petitions were 64 percent more likely to be successful. The paper furthers our understanding of electoral mobilization in closed regimes and contributes to an emerging research agenda on responsiveness and accountability in autocracies.
Effects of screening for geriatric conditions and advance care planning at the Medicare Annual Wellness Visit.

BACKGROUND The Medicare Annual Wellness Visit (AWV) requires screening for geriatrics conditions and can include advance care planning (ACP). We examined (1) the prevalence of positive screens for falls, cognitive impairment, and activities of daily living (ADL) impairment, (2) referrals/orders generated potentially in response, and (3) the increase in ACP among those with two AWVs. METHODS In this retrospective analysis, we used electronic medical record data from a Mid-Atlantic group ambulatory practice. We included adults age > 65 who had ≥1 AWV (n = 16,176) in years 2014-2017. Analyses on high-risk prescribing were limited to those (n = 13,537) with ≥3 months of follow up and ACP to those (n = 9097) with two AWVs. We used responses from the AWV health risk questionnaire to identify screening status for falls, cognitive and ADL impairment and whether an older adult had an ACP. For each screen we identified orders/referrals placed potentially in response (e.g., physical therapy for falls). High-risk medications were based on the 2019 Beers Criteria. RESULTS Positive screening rates were 38% for falls, 23% for cognition, and 32% for ADL impairment. The adjusted odds of having an order placed potentially in response to the screening were 1.8 (95% CI 1.6-2.0) for falls, 1.4 (1.3-1.7) for cognition, 2.8 (2.4-3.3) for ADL impairment. The adjusted odds of a high-risk prescription in the 3 months after a positive screen were 2.1 (95% CI 1.8-2.5) for falls and 1.9 (95% CI 1.6-2.4) for cognition. Of those with two AWVs, 48% had an ACP at the first AWV. Among the remaining 52% with no ACP at the first AWV, the predicted probability of having an ACP at the second AWV was 0.22 (95% CI 0.18-0.25). CONCLUSION Our results may indicate positive effects of screening for geriatric conditions at the AWV, and highlight opportunities to improve geriatrics care related to prescribing and ACP.
Invited Essay Epistemic Pluralism and Neuroscience

Epistemic pluralism that includes neuroscience is recommended for getting Public Administration (PA) into perspective. These terms are explained and illustrated. Epistemic refers to knowing, and pluralism refers to a strategy of more then one way. Neuroscience concerns study of the brain and the central nervous system and the relation of brain functioning to such activities as behaving, thinking, remember ing, feeling, deciding, and judging. It is indicated why a turn to neuroscience is important for PA. It is suggested that epistemic plu ralism is the optimal approach for using neuroscience, and implica tions are indicated. The turn should not abandon approaches like the hermeneutic.
The Dielectric Strength of Alkali-Halide Crystals at Optical Frequencies

CO2 laser induced breakdown was studied in ten of the alkali-halides. The bulk intrinsic breakdown thresholds are intimately related to the corresponding D.C. dielectric strengths. It is therefore concluded that the same mechanism is responsible in both types of experiment. A method is proposed for designing more damage-resistant materials. In addition, the question of inclusions is dealt with.
Why So Few Women in Mathematically Intensive Fields

Women have made huge gains in all fields of science over the past four decades, greatly increasing their presence in PhD programs and in postdoctoral positions. But, their progress has been greater in some fields than others. Although women constitute a critical mass of faculty in fields such as biology, medicine, psychology, veterinary science, and sociology, they continue to be underrepresented in mathematically intensive fields such as engineering, physics, chemistry, economics, computer science, and mathematics. In this essay, we describe both data and argument pertinent to women's underrepresentation, organized around three alleged causes. After reviewing these three causes, we conclude that neither sex differences in mathematical and spatial ability, nor the often-alleged bias against women in science, can explain their dearth, whereas choices and family formation plans go a long way toward doing so. Keywords: women in science; STEM ; math-intensive fields; bias; people-thing; family formation; cognitive sex differences
Chapter 54 Intra rare earth binary alloys: Phase relationships, lattice parameters and systematics

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses phase relationships, lattice parameters and systematics of intra rare earth binary alloys. The known phase relationships, crystallographic and thermodynamic data of the known rare earth binary phase diagrams have been critically evaluated. The intra rare earth binary alloy systems will be reported in order of increasing atomic number with the exception of scandium and yttrium, which will follow lutetium in that order. The first system to be considered is lanthanum-cerium (atomic numbers 57 and 58) followed by lanthanum-praseodymium (atomic numbers 57 and 59), etc. Following the presentation of the information on the binary diagram the interrelationships and systematics of these alloys including a generalized phase diagram as a function of pressure is discussed. The information on the various binary alloy systems will be presented in the following order: the phase diagram, the lattice spacing, phase relationships as a function of pressure, thermodynamic data, and the pertinent references.
Effect of prolonged nursing on the activity of intestinal lactase in rats.

Abstract Litters of 10-day-old rats and their mothers were placed in specially designed cages which enabled the pups to continue to suckle, not to have access to water, solid foods, or feces, and to ensure that their sole dietary carbohydrate was lactose. The animals were killed at intervals and intestinal β-galactosidases, α-glucosidases, and cellular proliferation were measured. Although the specific activity of intestinal lactase followed the usual decline observed during development, the enzyme was maintained at a significantly higher activity than that of control rats. These animals were also able to hydrolyze lactose more readily as demonstrated by their having a significantly higher concentration of glucose in blood after ingestion of lactose. When segments of intestine were incubated with lactose, glucose plus galactose, sucrose, mannitol, or saline, the decline in the activity of lactase was much less in the presence of lactose than in any of the other media. Thus, the substrate had a stabilizing or protective effect on the enzyme. The developmental pattern of the intestinal a-glucosidases and the "acid" β-galactosidases, and the normal morphological maturation of the intestine were not altered by prolonged nursing and elimination of carbohydrates other than lactose.
A 100 MHz superscalar PA-RISC CPU/coprocessor chip

A RISC CPU chip has been designed for 100-MHz operation. The chip combines a 32-b integer core and a full 64-b floating point coprocessor on a 1.43-cm*1.43-cm die. The chip is fabricated in a 0.8- mu m CMOS process with three layers of aluminum interconnect. It contains in excess of 850000 transistors. Many of the CPU circuits were adapted from an earlier CPU designed for 66 MHz in a 1- mu m-gate process. Careful characterization of that circuit combined with design shrinkage to 0.8 mu m yielded the desired performance. Other circuits were directly designed for 100-MHz operating frequency in the scaled process. >
Semiclassical studies of bound states and molecular dynamics

Semiclassical studies on molecular bound states, molecular collisions, and time-dependent dynamical systems are described. Several methods have been evolved for determining the action variables of nonseparable bound state systems, and thereby for calculating their quantum mechanical eigenvalues. Nonresonant and resonant systems are included, and surfaces of section in higher (>2) dimensional as well as in two-dimensional systems are obtained. Further, from the Fourier transform of an autocorrelation function the molecular spectrum can be determined directly from a trajectory. The effect of an oscillating electric field on a molecule is discussed semiclassically with a view to obtaining a relation between the classical mechanical and quantum mechanical treatments.
Comparison of intraocular to plasma HIV-1 viral burden in patients with cytomegalovirus retinitis.

Abstract PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between plasma and intraocular human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viral loads in 12 consecutive patients undergoing ganciclovir implant surgery for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. METHODS: Aqueous and vitreous specimens were assayed for HIV-1 viral load by polymerase chain reaction analysis (Roche Amplicor HIV Monitor; Roche Diagnostics Systems, Inc, Branchburg, New Jersey). RESULTS: It was possible to quantitatively assay HIV-1 burden in intraocular fluids using polymerase chain reaction analysis. In general, patients with plasma viral loads less than 250,000 copies/ml had undetectable ( CONCLUSIONS: It is likely that intraocular viral levels have several determinants in addition to plasma viral loads, with which they only partially correlate.
The Selective Inhibition of Delayed Potassium Currents in Nerve by Tetraethylammonium Ion

The effect of tetraethylammonium ion (TEA) on the voltage clamp currents of nodes of Ranvier of frog myelinated nerve fibers is studied. The delayed K currents can be totally abolished by TEA without affecting the transient Na currents or the leakage current in any way. Both inward and outward currents disappear. In low TEA concentrations small K currents remain with normal time constants. The dose-response relationship suggests the formation of a complex between TEA and a receptor with a dissociation constant of 0.4 mM. Other symmetrical quaternary ammonium ions have very little effect. There is no competition between TEA and agents that affect the Na currents such as Xylocaine, tetrodotoxin, or Ca ions. The pharmacological data demonstrate that the Na, K, and leakage permeabilities are chemically independent, probably because their mechanisms occupy different sites on the nodal membrane. The data are gathered and analyzed by digital computer.
Developmental expression, synthesis, and secretion of insecticyanin by the epidermis of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta

Insecticyanin was found to be synthesized in several isoelectric forms and stored in the pigment granules in the epidermis. Both major epidermal forms (INS-a, pl 5.5; INS-b, pl 5.7) were found in the cuticle, but only the most basic form, INS-b, was present in the hemolymph. In vitro the epidermis synthesized and secreted both forms into both the cuticle and the medium. Isolation of two cDNA clones for insecticyanin followed by hybridization to epidermal mRNA showed the presence of only one 1.1 kb mRNA, but transcription of the longer cDNA yielded a RNA which produced INS-a but no INS-b. Insecticyanin mRNA was present during the intermolt feeding stages of the 4th and 5th instars and absent during the larval molt and after the onset of metamorphosis. Exposure of either day 2 4th-instar or day 1 5th-instar larval epidermis to 20-hydroxyecdysone (20HE) in vitro caused a dose-dependent decline in this mRNA that was not prevented by simultaneous exposure to JH. When synthesis resumes just before ecdysis, INS-b appears before INS-a; then on the final day of feeding, synthesis of INS-a ceases before that of INS-b. Culture experiments showed that exposure of day 15th epidermis to a small pulse of 20HE followed by an ecdysteroid-free period was best to mimic the in vivo situation, indicating that the small rise of ecdysteroid in the absence of JH on day-2 was responsible for this differential cessation.
Plasmonics under the Infrared Microscope: Sensing and Spectra of Single Particles Using Metal Film Hole Arrays

Measurements and modeling of plasmonic resonance positions as a function of orientation are presented in a manner that connects the common geometries with a formalism for all of momentum space. This framework is useful for understanding dispersion studied under an infrared microscope by rotating the sample about the optical axis of the microscope. Applications using the microscope for sensing and spectra of individual particles are presented.
Primary prevention and secondary intervention with sexual problems and dysfunction

Although there has been a great increase in professional and public information about sexuality in the last generation, there is no evidence that sexual problems or dysfunction have decreased. In fact, many of the books, programs, and Internet material have added to the confusion by utilizing pseudoscientific findings, setting unrealistic and intimidating expectations, and creating a new set of sexual performance myths. This paper proposes an efficacious, multidimensional prevention model addressing education, comfort, awareness, health, intimacy, pleasuring, eroticism, and realistic expectations. Primary prevention is the ideal. The time to address a sexual problem is in the acute stage where secondary intervention strategies of permission-giving information and the motivation to implement change strategies and techniques is high.
Vibrational analysis of 2,3-dichlorobutanes

Using intensity changes from liquid to solid for meso- and racemic-2,3-dichlorobutanes, and preliminary normal mode calculations based on a force field for secondary chlorides, we have been able to identify the bands associated with the tram and gauche conformers of these molecules and thereby to refine a force field for secondary Cl atoms on vicinal C atoms. This has permitted assignment of the S,,-,, as well as S,, and SHHs, C<l stretch modes in such molecules. The vibrational analysis of small halogenated hydro- carbons can be important not only in studying their conformational structures but also in providing a basis for interpreting the spectra of polymers for which they serve as models. Thus, an analysis of secondary chlorides (l, 21 resulted in a force field that could be tested on 2,Cdichloropentanes (2, 31 and 2,4,6-trichlo- roheptanes (3), and was subsequently used to analyze the spectrum of crystalline syndiotactic poly(viny1 chloride) (4). Although empirical studies had led to the characterization of nonplanar zigzag syndiotactic as well as isotactic poly(viny1 chloride) chain confor- mations (5), the above results of vibrational analysis now allow definitive assignments to be made to rotational isomeric states of this polymer as a function of polymerization conditions (6,7) and physical state