cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel nucleolar and nuclear morphology in a vincristine-dependent human leukemia cell line (L100).

Abstract Acquired resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs by tumor cells is an important obstacle to effective therapy of human malignancy. We now describe a vincristine (VCR)-induced multidrug-resistant (MDR) human acute lymphatic leukemia cell line, the sustained in vitro growth of which is dependent on vincristine. The doubling time for parental drug-sensitive cells (L 0 ) is 40.2 ± 13.2 h and for the MDR subline (L 100 ) 62.5 ± 11.3 h. L 100 cells have similar dG 2 and mitotic phase to parental cells, express the MDR phenotype, and are characterized by novel morphologic features with multilobulated nuclei and multiple small nucleoli. Compared with l 0 cells which have 2–3 nucleoli per cell, L 100 cells have 7–8 nucleoli per cell. Average nucleolar area is 11.3 ± 7.3 μm 2 for L 0 and 2.5 ± 2.4 μm 2 for L 100 cells determined by the laser scanning method. The striking morphologic abnormalities of L 100 cells suggest a drug-induced cytoskeletal abnormality. The relationship of these abnormalities to the VCR growth dependence of L 100 Cells is discussed.
Second-site reversion of a dysfunctional mutation in a conserved region of the tobacco mosaic tobamovirus movement protein.

Abstract The N-terminal two-thirds of tobamovirus movement proteins (MPs) contain two well conserved regions. Within region I (amino acids 56–96) is an area predicted by computer analysis to have loop secondary structure (amino acids 76–87). A single or two double amino acid mutations were introduced into the loop in region I of the TMV MP to destabilize the structure. The three mutant MPs were defective in movement function. The single amino acid mutation resulted in a Pro81→Ser substitution. The mutant virus, TP81S, containing the Pro81→Ser substitution, was propagated on a transgenic line ofNicotiana tabacumthat expresses the sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus MP. Inoculation of virus progeny from the transgenic plants onto hypersensitiveN. tabacumindicated the presence of infectious virus at a low frequency. Necrotic lesions were detected at 4 days postinoculation, 2 days later than those induced by wild-type TMV. Inoculation of virus extracted from necrotic lesions ontoN. tabacumresulted in a delayed and attenuated systemic infection relative to that induced by TMV, indicating that a second-site mutation restored movement function rather than a reversion of the original mutation. Sequence analysis revealed that the revertant MP gene had two additional amino acid substitutions, a Thr104→Ile and a Arg167→Lys. Introduction of the amino acid substitutions individually or in combination into the MP of TP81S indicated that both substitutions were required for the revertant phenotype. The data indicate that structure within region I is important in maintaining an active conformation for functional MP, that changes outside region I can compensate for alterations within the region, and suggest that region I may interact with a distal portion of the protein.
Late Quaternary Seismic Stratigraphy of a Shallow Marine Estuary, Corpus Christi Bay, Texas: ABSTRACT

End_Page 294------------------------------A series of maps constructed from seismic data trace the late Pleistocene and Holocene development of Corpus Christi Bay. The seismic data consists of 320 km of older sparker data, 80 km of older Uniboom data, 160 km of recent ORE Geopulse data, plus some 3.5 kHz Datasonics data. Seismic facies and the principal sedimentary features are mapped. Main unconformities such as the Holocene/Pleistocene erosional unconformity and the thickness of Holocene fill are contoured. Vertically stacked channels indicate that the ancestral Nueces River meandered across the same geographic area during the late Quaternary. Seismic signatures suggest extensive distribution of sand as channel fill, bars and spits, and reworked older deposits. Numerous moundlike structures are interpreted to be ancient oyster banks, which occupy areas in the bay where no living oyster reefs exist today. Holocene evolution indicates progressive widening of the estuary and filling from both the Nueces River and the landward migrating barrier islands. End_of_Article - Last_Page 295------------
Re-Imagining the “Indian” and the State: Indigenismo in Colombia, 1926–1947

AbstractThis article examines the development of indigenismo in Colombia from 1927 to 1947. As a national and state-sanctioned cultural movement, Colombian indigenismo did not achieve the same development and importance as its Peruvian and Mexican counterparts. However, Colombian indigenismo created a cultural and political space that rediscovered and valorized the indigenous communities and their culture. More importantly, this cultural movement had a significant political impact in that it created links between the new national intellectuals of the 1930s and the social indigenous movement in the southwestern department of the Cauca. The present-day success of the indigenous movement in Colombia, and in particular that of the Cauca, can be linked in part to the development of indigenismo.
INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES

Organisational excellence and leadership strategies are of primary importance to successful international business firms today. The keys to organisational excellence focus on four primary factors. First, the firm must take good care of its customers via superior product quality and exceptional service. Second, the firm must constantly innovate. Third, there must exist committed people within the organisation. Fourth, effective managerial leadership must be exercised to connect the other three. Effective managerial leadership is, in turn, reflected in four major strategies: attention through vision, meaning through communication, trust through positioning, and confidence through respect. The management of attention through vision helps to create a focus for the organisation. The creation of meaning through communication involves the capacity to relate a compelling image of a desired state of affairs. Trust through positioning is reflected in managers who make themselves known, and make their positions clear. Confidence through respect is achieved by managers who reflect a positive self‐regard and who are able to bring out the best in others through the inducement of a positive other‐regard.
The AH,B glycophore and general taste chemistry

Abstract When considered jointly, all tastes (sweet, salt, bitter, sour) are variations on a common electrostatic mechanism, and the primary distinction among them can be traced to the symmetrical nature of the interaction between the substance and the taste receptor. Sourness is a dissymmetric interaction between the hydronium ion (an acidophore) and the taste receptor, whereas saltiness is a concerted symmetrical electrostatic interaction betwen the Na + and Cl − ions (the halophore) and the receptor. Sweetness is elicited through a bilaterally symmetrical and concerted dipolar interaction between a glycophore and the receptor, while bitterness can be traced to either dissymmetric ionic or dipolar interactions between a picrophore and the receptor. As no products are ever formed, taste phenomena are collectively grouped as being due to electrostatic recognition interactions that can occur between a substance and the receptor without the need for chemical binding.
Studies towards the next generation of antidepressants. Part 1: indolylcyclohexylamines as potent serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A series of indolylcyclohexylamines possessing potent and selective serotonin reuptake inhibition is reported. The most interesting compounds proved to have subnanomolar 5-HT transporter activity, and exhibited moderate 5-HT(1A) affinity.
Aristotelian Marxism/Marxist Aristotelianism: MacIntyre, Marx and the analysis of abstraction

I argue that Aristotelians who are sympathetic to the critique of liberal moral categories put forward by Alasdair MacIntyre ought to avail themselves of Marx's analysis of capitalism in Capital, V...
The role of mirroring and mentalizing networks in mediating action intentions in autism

The ability to interpret agents’ intent from their actions is a vital skill in successful social interaction. However, individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have been found to have difficulty in attributing intentions to others. The present study investigated the neural mechanisms of inferring intentions from actions in individuals with ASD. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired from 21 high-functioning young adults with ASD and 22 typically developing (TD) control participants, while making judgments about the means (how an action is performed) and intention (why an action is performed) of a model’s actions. Across both groups of participants, the middle and superior temporal cortex, extending to temporoparietal junction, and posterior cingulate cortex, responded significantly to inferring the intent of an action, while inferior parietal lobule and occipital cortices were active for judgments about the means of an action. Participants with ASD had significantly reduced activation in calcarine sulcus and significantly increased activation in left inferior frontal gyrus, compared to TD peers, while attending to the intentions of actions. Also, ASD participants had weaker functional connectivity between frontal and posterior temporal regions while processing intentions. These results suggest that processing actions and intentions may not be mutually exclusive, with reliance on mirroring and mentalizing mechanisms mediating action understanding. Overall, inferring information about others’ actions involves activation of the mirror neuron system and theory-of-mind regions, and this activation (and the synchrony between activated brain regions) appears altered in young adults with ASD.
Ancient origins of axial patterning genes: Hox genes and ParaHox genes in the Cnidaria.

Among the bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic animals (the Bilateria), a conserved set of developmental regulatory genes are known to function in patterning the anterior–posterior (AP) axis. This set includes the well-studied Hox cluster genes, and the recently described genes of the ParaHox cluster, which is believed to be the evolutionary sister of the Hox cluster (Brooke et al. 1998). The conserved role of these axial patterning genes in animals as diverse as frogs and flies is believed to reflect an underlying homology (i.e., all bilaterians derive from a common ancestor which possessed an AP axis and the developmental mechanisms responsible for patterning the axis). However, the origin and early evolution of Hox genes and ParaHox genes remain obscure. Repeated attempts have been made to reconstruct the early evolution of Hox genes by analyzing data from the triphoblastic animals, the Bilateria (Schubert et al. 1993; Zhang and Nei 1996). A more precise dating of Hox origins has been elusive due to a lack of sufficient information from outgroup taxa such as the phylum Cnidaria (corals, hydras, jellyfishes, and sea anemones). In combination with outgroup taxa, another potential source of information about Hox origins is outgroup genes (e.g., the genes of the ParaHox cluster). In this article, we present cDNA sequences of two Hox-like genes (anthox2 and anthox6 ) from the sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that anthox2 (=Cnox2) is homologous to the GSX class of ParaHox genes, and anthox6 is homologous to the anterior class of Hox genes. Therefore, the origin of Hox genes and ParaHox genes occurred prior to the evolutionary split between the Cnidaria and the Bilateria and predated the evolution of the anterior–posterior axis of bilaterian animals. Our analysis also suggests that the central Hox class was invented in the bilaterian lineage, subsequent to their split from the Cnidaria.
Alterations in Ankle Dorsiflexion Torque as a Result of Continuous Ultrasound to the Anterior Tibial Compartment

Although considerable documentation of the physiologic effects of ultrasound (US) exists, little information is available concerning direct effects of US on muscle, particularly when the US is applied immediately before muscle performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of continuous US to the anterior tibial muscle compartment on ankle dorsiflexion torque assessed immediately posttreatment, at 30 minutes, and at 60 minutes posttreatment. Seventeen healthy subjects were tested performing isometric contractions at dynamometer velocities of 60 and 180°/sec. Subjects first received either a placebo or a 1.5 W/cm2 15-minute US treatment. One week later, the protocol was repeated with the administration of a second treatment. Analysis of variance showed no significant interactions for time and treatment for any contraction; time, for isometric contraction, was the only significant main effect. Follow-up analyses were all nonsignificant for comparisons of pretreatment to posttreatment and posttreatment to 30- and 60-minute intervals within treatment groups. The study concludes that in spite of known physiologic effects, one treatment of US does not have an immediate or latent effect on peak torque.
Chemotaxis in Plant-Associated Bacteria: the Search for the Ecological Niche

Chemotaxis is the movement of organisms towards or away from chemicals. Plant-associated bacteria respond chemotactically to certain compounds released by plants. The chemotactic response provides bacteria with a competitive advantage and allows them to occupy specific ecological niches. In this brief review, we bring together data on various aspects of chemotaxis in some plant-associated bacteria, with special attention to their ecology.
Modes of e‐business innovation and structural disruptions in firm knowledge

&This paper explores the linkages between knowledge integration strategy and the modes of innovation in architecturally destructive e-business settings. Knowledge management (KM) is linked to the concepts of component and architectural knowledge in complex, global e-business networks. Understanding the structural impact of incremental, radical, architectural, and modular innovations at the business model- and systems-level on knowledge configurations can better guide KM strategy formulation. By delineating these linkages, this paper concludes with implications for managers of globalized teams and highlights open areas for future research. Copyright # 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioural defences against sexually transmitted diseases in primates

Abstract Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are known to exist in wild and domesticated animals, but little is know about behavioural defences that animals use to reduce the risk of acquiring STDs. Using comparative data and a phylogeny of primates, I investigated whether behaviours hypothesized to reduce STD transmission are correlated with measures of STD risk involving mating promiscuity and life-history traits. Comparative tests revealed no support for genital inspection as a means to identify and avoid infected individuals with genital inspection was performed more commonly by males than females and uncorrelated with mating promiscuity. Primate species characterized by increased promiscuity were not more likely to display genital self-grooming following mating. Similarly, males and females of these species were not more likely to urinate immediately after mating, counter to suggestions that urination flushes microorganisms from the urethra and surrounding genital areas. Finally, monogamy was not correlated with a slow life history, which differs from predictions that monogamy is a response to increased STD risk in long-lived animals. Tests involving monogamy remained unsupported after controlling for potentially confounding variables, and all tests yielded similar results in phylogenetic and nonphylogenetic tests. Few results were significant even before controlling statistically for multiple comparisons, but nonsignificance was unlikely due to low statistical power or poor data quality in all tests. Instead, the comparative patterns were consistent with theoretical models showing that precopulatory behavioural defences to STDs, such as mate choice, are unlikely to be fully effective. In addition, many putative behavioural defences to STDs in primates entail substantial fitness costs in terms of reproductive output, offspring quality and infanticide avoidance. Copyright 2003 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
Estimation of analysis and forecast error variances

Accurate estimates of error variances in numerical analyses and forecasts (i.e. difference between analysis or forecast fields and nature on the resolved scales) are critical for the evaluation of forecasting systems, the tuning of data assimilation (DA) systems and the proper initialisation of ensemble forecasts. Errors in observations and the difficulty in their estimation, the fact that estimates of analysis errors derived via DA schemes, are influenced by the same assumptions as those used to create the analysis fields themselves, and the presumed but unknown correlation between analysis and forecast errors make the problem difficult. In this paper, an approach is introduced for the unbiased estimation of analysis and forecast errors. The method is independent of any assumption or tuning parameter used in DA schemes. The method combines information from differences between forecast and analysis fields (‘perceived forecast errors’) with prior knowledge regarding the time evolution of (1) forecast error variance and (2) correlation between errors in analyses and forecasts. The quality of the error estimates, given the validity of the prior relationships, depends on the sample size of independent measurements of perceived errors. In a simulated forecast environment, the method is demonstrated to reproduce the true analysis and forecast error within predicted error bounds. The method is then applied to forecasts from four leading numerical weather prediction centres to assess the performance of their corresponding DA and modelling systems. Error variance estimates are qualitatively consistent with earlier studies regarding the performance of the forecast systems compared. The estimated correlation between forecast and analysis errors is found to be a useful diagnostic of the performance of observing and DA systems. In case of significant model-related errors, a methodology to decompose initial value and model-related forecast errors is also proposed and successfully demonstrated. Keywords: uncertainty of analysis, forecast verification, estimation methods, data assimilation, ensemble forecasts (Published: 24 November 2014) Citation: Tellus A 2014, 66 , 21767, http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v66.21767
A performance-driven MCM router with special consideration of crosstalk reduction

This paper presents a new performance-driven MCM router, named MRC, with special consideration of crosstalk reduction. Router MRC completes an initial routing with an adequate performance trade-off including wire length, vias, number of layers, timing and crosstalk. Then a crosstalk reduction algorithm is used to make the routing solution crosstalk-free without a significant influence on other routing performances. Thus, efficiently handling timing and crosstalk problems becomes the unique feature of MRC. Router MRC has been implemented and tested on MCM benchmarks and the experimental results are very promising.
CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY OF NODAL AND INTERNODAL REGIONS OF MYELINATED NERVE FIBERS OF FROG

The distribution of cholinesterase (Ch-esterase) in isolated myelinated fibers of the frog has been investigated. Quantitative microgasometric measurements have confirmed the previous histochemical observations. Both approaches indicate that in frog nerve fibers acetylcholinesterase (ACh-esterase) is the only or the predominant enzyme when selective inhibitors and different substrates are used: acetylcholine (ACh), butyrylcholine, and acetyl-B-methylcholine (Mecholyl). By means of the microgasometric technique, a significant difference in ACh-esterase activity between axons isolated from ventral (37.2 ± 1.7 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr) and dorsal roots (2.0 ± 0.9 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr) was found. In the region of the node of Ranvier the enzyme activity (50.4 ± 4.4 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr) appears to be considerably higher than in the internodal area (36.6 ± 2.1 µmole x 10-5 ACh/mm2/hr). The findings are discussed in relation to the theory of saltatory conduction and the ACh system.
A fair division solution to the problem of redistricting

Redistricting is the political practice of dividing states into electoral districts of equal population in response to decennial census results to ensure equal representation in the legislative body. Where the boundaries are drawn can dramatically alter the number of districts a given political party can win. As a result, a political party which has control over the legislature, can (and does) manipulate the boundaries to win a larger number of districts, thus affecting the balance of power in the US House of Representatives. This work introduces a novel solution to the problem of fairly redistricting a state that is motivated by the ideas of fair division. Instead of trying to ensure fairness by restricting the shape of the possible maps or by assigning the power to draw the map to nonbiased entities, this solution ensures fairness by balancing competing interests against each other. Essentially, it is a simple interactive protocol that presents two parties with the opportunity to achieve their fair representation in a state (where the notion of fairness is rigorously defined) and as a result a balanced electoral map is created.
Triangular Berstein-Be´zier patches

4. Hermite Interpolants . . , . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 4.1. The Co nine parameter interpolant ...... 104 4.2. C’ quintic interpolants 104 4.3. The general case 106 5. Split Triangle Interpolants . . . . . . . . . 107 5.1. The C’ Clough-Tocher interpolant . . _ . . 108 5.2. Limitations of the Clough-Tocher split . 110 5.3. The C’ Powell-Sabin interpolants . . . . 111 5.4. C’ Split square interpolants . . . . . . . . . 112
Agricultural Involution in the Postwar Soviet Union

This article describes a form of agricultural labor intensification common in the postwar Soviet Union that shares some important similarities to Clifford Geertz's notion of agricultural involution, first devised to describe Javanese wet rice agriculture. Using the examples of hog farming and cotton production, this paper describes the phenomenon of postwar agricultural involution, and explores its limits and possibilities. The most important divergence from Geertz's original model is that in the Soviet cases, agricultural involution did not attain any form of environmental equilibrium; in fact, because of agricultural involution, the Soviet Union was forced to confront the environmental limits of agricultural intensification. The concept of agricultural involution provides a way of thinking about the relative flexibility or rigidity of agroecological health in the face of labor intensification. This quality—how much additional labor and how many extra humans an agricultural ecosystem is able to support—is critical in evaluating how robust or fragile a landscape is.
Effects of voltage sags on AC motor drives

Voltage sags are normally described by magnitude variation and duration. In addition to these quantities, sags are also characterized by unbalance (asymmetry), nonsinusoidal waveshapes, and phase angle shift (phase jump). These factors are important for determining the behavior of AC motor drives during sags. Voltage unbalance and phase angle shifts cause large unbalanced source currents to excessive voltage ripple in the DC-link, and reduced DC-link average voltage. The response of the motor and drive to these varies considerably. Experimental results clearly show the load dependent behavior of a typical drive. The ability of the drive to ride-through a voltage sag is dependent upon the energy storage capacity of the DC-link capacitor, the speed and inertia of the load, the power consumed by the load, and the trip point settings of the drive. The control system of the drive has a great impact on the behavior of the drive during the sag and after recovery. The trip point settings of many drives can by field-adjusted and greatly improve many nuisance trips resulting from minor voltage sags.
Line ratio and image formation in photolithographic projectors

The line ratio L (the ratio of the subresolution line image irradiance extremum normalized to the aberration-free case) is explored as a means of assessing aberration balance and as a line-imaging criterion for a photolithographic projection system.
Rheological properties of liquid crystalline copolyesters

Copolyesters were synthesized by modifying poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with p-acetoxybenzoic acid (PAB) and hydroquinone diacetate/tetrasubstituted (tetramethyl, tetrachloro, and tetabromo) terephthalic acid (HQTS). It was found that the copolyesters containing 33 mol% or higher concentrations of (PAB+HQTS) from mesomorphic liquid crystalline structures. Rheological properties of copolyesters formed of PET, modified with PAB and hydroquinone diacetate/tetramethyl terephthalic acid (HQTM), were measured using a cone-and-plate rheometer. It was found that the copolyesters in the mesomorphic state exhibit yield values at a low shear rate (or at a low shear stress), and negative values of first normal stress difference were observed for certain compositions of (PAB+HQTM), over the range of shear rates (or shear stresses) tested.
Are Viscoelastic Flows Under Control or Out of Control

We discuss the controllability of viscoelastic shear flows. Both linear and nonlinear results are reviewed. An interesting aspect of the problem is that the nonlinear problem introduces new stress components which are automatically zero in the linear case. It is therefore a challenging problem to determine to what extent these stresses are controllable.
Farm-scale costs and returns for second generation bioenergy cropping systems in the US Corn Belt

While grain crops are meeting much of the initial need for biofuels in the US, cellulosic or second generation (2G) materials are mandated to provide a growing portion of biofuel feedstocks. We sought to inform development of a 2G crop portfolio by assessing the profitability of novel cropping systems that potentially mitigate the negative effects of grain-based biofuel crops on food supply and environmental quality. We analyzed farm-gate costs and returns of five systems from an ongoing experiment in central Iowa, USA. The continuous corn cropping system was most profitable under current market conditions, followed by a corn‐soybean rotation that incorporated triticale as a 2G cover crop every third year, and a corn‐switchgrass system. A novel triticale‐hybrid aspen intercropping system had the highest yields over the long term, but could only surpass the profitability of the continuous corn system when biomass prices exceeded foreseeable market values. A triticale/sorghum double cropping system was deemed unviable. We perceive three ways 2G crops could become more cost competitive with grain crops: by (1) boosting yields through substantially greater investment in research and development, (2) increasing demand through substantially greater and sustained investment in new markets, and (3) developing new schemes to compensate farmers for environmental benefits associated with 2G crops.
A time-varying recurrent neural system for convex programming

The asymptotic stability of a recurrent neural network with monotonically time-varying penalty parameter for optimization is theoretically justified. The conditions of feasibility of solutions generated by the recurrent neural networks are characterized. The conditions of optimality of solutions to convex programming problems generated by the recurrent neural networks are characterized. The design methodology of the operating characteristics of the recurrent neural networks are presented by illustrative examples. >
Terrain-based road vehicle localization on multi-lane highways

This work develops an algorithm for estimating the lateral lane index of road vehicles on multi-lane roadways by correlating vehicle attitude measurements to terrain maps of the individual lanes of travel. To localize a vehicle, a Bayesian belief algorithm and a particle filter algorithm are described and applied off-line using data collected from two lanes along a local highway. Results demonstrate that terrain-based algorithms are capable of measuring lane index. Because these measurements are immune to lighting conditions, this solution is a good complement to existing lane-detection camera systems.
ABA metabolites induce group 3 LEA mRNA and inhibit germination in wheat

In plants, metabolism of the plant hormone (+)-S-abscisic acid (ABA) occurs by oxidation at the 8′-carbon on the ABA ring, producing (+)-8′-hydroxy-ABA (8′OH-ABA), which undergoes ring closure to phaseic acid (PA), or at the 7′-carbon producing 7′-hydroxy-ABA (7′OH-ABA). New methods for synthesixing and stabilizing 8′OH-ABA have enabled us for the first time to compare the biological activities of the ABA metabolites. 8′OH-ABA. PA and 7′OH-ABA. Activities were determined in wheat (Triticum aestivum, cvs Brevor and Clarks Cream) using optically pure natural enantiomers of ABA. 8′OH-ABA, PA, and 7′OH-ABA. Comparison of wheat embryo germination inhibitory activity showed that only the metabolite 7′OH-ABA had significant activity (10 to 40% of effective ABA activity) as a germination inhibitor of wheat embryos. The metabolites had differential effects on ABA-responsive gene expression. Both 8′OH-ABA and PA were effective inducers of an ABA-responsive LEA (late embryogenesis abundant) gene, wheat group 3 LEA, in seedling roots, suggesting that ABA metabolites can maintain and prolong LEA gene expression. The metabolites had only a slight effect on accumulation of an ABA-responsive protein kinase (PKABA1) mRNA or pMA1951. These results are consistent with the idea that there are several control points in the ABA metabolic pathway and indicate that assessment of ABA signalling responses should include consideration of the biological activities of ABA metabolites.
Distribution of tudor protein in the Drosophila embryo suggests separation of functions based on site of localization

Mutations in the tudor locus of Drosophila affect two distinct determinative processes in embryogenesis; segmentation of the abdomen and determination of the primordial germ cells. The distribution of tudor protein during embryogenesis, and the effect of various mutations on its distribution, suggest that tudor protein may carry out these functions separately, based on its location in the embryo. The protein is concentrated in the posterior pole cytoplasm (germ plasm), where it is found in polar granules and mitochondria. Throughout the rest of the embryo, tudor protein is associated with the cleavage nuclei. Mutations in all maternal genes known to be required for the normal functioning of the germ plasm eliminate the posterior localization of tudor protein, whereas mutations in genes required for the functioning of the abdominal determinant disrupt the localization around nuclei. Analysis of embryos of different maternal genotypes indicates that the average number of pole cells formed is correlated with the amount of tudor protein that accumulates in the germ plasm. Our results suggest that tudor protein localized in the germ plasm is instrumental in germ cell determination, whereas nuclear-associated tudor protein is involved in determination of segmental pattern in the abdomen.
Herpes simplex virus seroprevalence and seroconversion among active duty US air force members with HIV infection

ABSTRACT Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is associated with an increased risk of both HIV transmission and acquisition. We evaluated longitudinal HSV serology and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among active duty US Air Force (USAF) members with HIV infection. Methods USAF members diagnosed with HIV between 1996 and 2012 were included and divided into 2 groups: 1996–2004 ( n = 131) and 2005–2012 ( n = 266). HSV-1 and -2 serology was evaluated at HIV diagnosis. Longitudinal HSV-1 and -2 serology and ICD-9 codes for HSV and non-HSV STIs were also examined for those with ≥1 year of follow-up. Results Patients were most commonly Caucasian (44.2%) or African American (43.4%) men with a median age of 28 years at HIV diagnosis. HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased from the period of 1996–2004 (48.8%) to 2005–2012 (30.1%; P 30 years at HIV diagnosis (OR 1.73, 95% CI 0.94–3.18). A total of 81 (20.4%) patients developed STIs by ICD-9 codes, including 24 (6.1%) new genital herpes diagnoses, during a median follow-up of 4.6 years. HSV-2 seroconversion occurred in 33 of 253 (13.0%) with an incidence rate of 5.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI 4.76–5.37). Conclusion Although HSV-2 seroprevalence at HIV diagnosis decreased over time, high-risk sexual behaviors were ongoing as evidenced by the high proportion of new STI diagnoses and HSV-2 seroconversions. Continued education to reduce risk behaviors is warranted to prevent acquisition and transmission of STIs in HIV-infected persons.
Identifying a maximum tolerated contour in two‐dimensional dose finding

The majority of phase I methods for multi-agent trials have focused on identifying a single maximum tolerated dose combination (MTDC) among those being investigated. Some published methods in the area have been based on the notion that there is no unique MTDC and that the set of dose combinations with acceptable toxicity forms an equivalence contour in two dimensions. Therefore, it may be of interest to find multiple MTDCs for further testing for efficacy in a phase II setting. In this paper, we present a new dose-finding method that extends the continual reassessment method to account for the location of multiple MTDCs. Operating characteristics are demonstrated through simulation studies and are compared with existing methodology. Some brief discussion of implementation and available software is also provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Copy Cataloging Activities:: Report of a Survey

Enquete aupres de 60 bibliotheques sur les activites de catalogage de documents reproduits: personnel, formation, temps passe, qualite du travail, influence du catalogue en ligne
High speed rotorcraft propulsion system studies

bofan and counterrotation propfan as leading convertible engine candidates. An advanced technology 8wo shp class turboshaft engine has been configured for high dpeed rotorcraft a p plications. The engine features a twoioncentric-shaft core with a front drive power turbine. Recent high speed rotorcraft airframe studies have identified a desired turboshaft engine constant powerhariable output speed o p erating characteristic. This paper presents the study results of incorporating variable geometry turbines in the engine to accomplish this power/speed characteristic,
It May Do Harm

A 32-year-old female presents to the obstetrical clinic at 8 weeks of pregnancy. A type and screen sample (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, EDTA anticoagulant) is submitted to the blood bank.
Toward an Effective Prophylactic Immunity to Cholera

An effective immunity may be considered to be the mirror image of the pathogenesis of the infectious disease against which it is directed and, in general, is dual in nature; i.e., it includes antimicrobial and antitoxic components. In cholera the relative importance of these 2 elements of immunity is not yet defined. It is probable that presently used vaccines, consisting of suspensions of killed vibrios, are effective immunizing agents with respect to the former as evidenced by their ability to protect against challenge infection in mice, to elicit the formation of vibriocidal antibody, and to provide partial limited protection against the naturally occurring disease in man [1]. The toxic element in the pathogenesis of cholera requires more precise definition in that there are at least 5 separable toxic activities formed by the cholera vibrio [2]. Of these, the predominating one is that which induces increased movement of water and ions from the tissues into the lumen of the bowel and is demonstrable in 8 animal models of the disease described to date. The contribution of the other toxic activities to the pathogenesis of the disease is yet uncertain. It may be that delayed death in diarrheal cholera, cholera sicca, certain clinical features of the disease such as loss of potassium, some portion of the observed histopathology, etc., will be found to be attributable to one or another of these other toxins. While definitive evidence is not available, it is considered probable by many workers that present cholera vaccines are deficient with respect to their ability to stimulate the production of toxin-neutralizing antibody. The significance of such antibody in the human infection is indicated by the occurrence of high antitoxic and low vibriocidal serum antibody titers in asymptomatic infections, which has been reported by the author previously and has also been observed by others. While it would seem to be implicit, it may be stated ex
Sampling Procedure and Determination of Lead in Canned Foods

A method is presented for improving within-can homogeneity and simplifying the determination of lead in canned foods. The entire content of a canned food product is blended with 2N HNO3 and allowed to stand 16 h; then the sample is again blended and a subsample is taken. The subsample is digested by wet ashing using nitric acid-perchloric acid or nitric acid-sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide. The pH of the sample is adjusted with ammonium hydroxide, and the lead is extracted into butyl acetate as the pyrrolidinecarbodithioate complex. Lead concentration is determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Recoveries of lead ranged from 92 to 104% for added 100-mesh lead particulate. Within-sample variability for green beans was reduced from 37% obtained with blending alone to 3.7% using the proposed procedure at the 3.1 micrograms/g added lead level. Variability was 7.6% at the 0.68 microgram/g level and 16.4% at the 0.20 microgram/g level of added lead. The use of nitric acid-sulfuric acid-hydrogen peroxide for digestion has the advantage of not forming a precipitate during the neutralization step, as occurs when nitric acid-perchloric acid is used for dissolution.
The Client's Perspective on Voluntary Stuttering

Purpose Voluntary stuttering is a strategy that has been suggested for use in the clinical literature but has minimal empirical data regarding treatment outcomes. The purpose of the present study i...
Designing Secure Systems Based on Open Architectures with Open Source and Closed Source Components

The development and evolution of secure open architecture systems has received insufficient consideration. Such systems are composed of both open source and closed software software components subject to different security requirements in an architecture in which evolution can occur by evolving existing components, replacing them, or refactoring their interfaces, interconnections and configuration. But this may result in possible security requirements conflicts and organizational liability for failure to fulfill security obligations. We are developing an approach for understanding and modeling software security requirements as security licenses, as well as for analyzing conflicts among groups of such licenses in realistic system contexts and for guiding the acquisition, integration, or development of systems with open source components in such an environment. Consequently, this paper reports on our efforts to extend our existing approach to specifying and analyzing software Intellectual Property (IP) licenses to now address software security licenses that can be associated with secure OA systems.
A funny thing happened on the way to mass subjugation: propensity, opportunity, and irony in two accounts of the crime decline

This article first uses the analytical lenses of crime opportunity, criminal propensity, and routine activity theory to evaluate Wendel et al.’s (2016) plausible and compelling “more drugs, less crime” hypothesis, the latest attempt to explain the crime decline that began in the 1990s. The authors’ present exposition of the hypothesis is beleaguered by methodological problems that jeopardize the validity of its central claims. An alternative media-consumption hypothesis is then briefly outlined, which suggests that changes in media-consumption patterns beginning in the 1980s were a powerful catalyst for reductions in street crime. Because both hypotheses identify mechanisms that reduce both the opportunities and the propensities to commit crime, they stand out from the majority of crime-decline accounts which are presently oriented toward opportunity almost exclusively. Both hypotheses also happen to subvert conventional wisdom in ironic ways.
Experimental and Chemoinformatics Study of Tautomerism in a Database of Commercially Available Screening Samples.

We investigated how many cases of the same chemical sold as different products (at possibly different prices) occurred in a prototypical large aggregated database and simultaneously tested the tautomerism definitions in the chemoinformatics toolkit CACTVS. We applied the standard CACTVS tautomeric transforms plus a set of recently developed ring–chain transforms to the Aldrich Market Select (AMS) database of 6 million screening samples and building blocks. In 30 000 cases, two or more AMS products were found to be just different tautomeric forms of the same compound. We purchased and analyzed 166 such tautomer pairs and triplets by 1H and 13C NMR to determine whether the CACTVS transforms accurately predicted what is the same “stuff in the bottle”. Essentially all prototropic transforms with examples in the AMS were confirmed. Some of the ring–chain transforms were found to be too “aggressive”, i.e. to equate structures with one another that were different compounds.
Pulmonary Infiltration by CLL/SLL in the Presence of Inflammation: Significant or Incidental Finding?.

Abstract 2352 Poster Board II-329 Radiographically identified pulmonary infiltrates in patients with CLL are usually secondary to infectious causes. However, a subset of patients develop pathologic leukemic infiltrates. Lung biopsies containing both inflammation and CLL infiltrates are particularly problematic. It is unclear in such cases whether the CLL infiltrate represents a nonspecific “passenger effect” secondary to ongoing inflammation versus a pathologic leukemic infiltrate. Furthermore, it is unknown whether there are clinical factors that would help predict who is at higher risk for pulmonary infiltration by CLL. We retrospectively analyzed 45 transbronchial lung biopsies taken from 37 patients at the Cleveland Clinic between 1999 and 2008. We reviewed the biopsies for evidence of acute or chronic inflammation and involvment by CLL. Acute inflammation in our biopsies consisted of acute pneumonias. Cases displaying a lymphocytic infiltrate suspicious for CLL on routine HE none of these cases displayed evidence of CLL in lung tissue. We found that the incidence of leukemic infiltration of lung biopsies did not increase in the presence of inflammation. In fact, the incidence of infiltration of biopsies with inflammation was lower than those without inflammation. These results demonstrate that leukemic infiltration on biopsies with inflammation is uncommon, and suggests that this phenomenon represents true, pathologic infiltration of the tissue by CLL and not a “passenger effect”. To the authors knowledge this is the largest study evaluating the association of inflammation and pathologic infiltration of pulmonary tissue by CLL. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
α-Crystallin chaperone function in diabetic rat and human lenses

This study focussed on the effect of diabetes on the chaperone function of α-crystallin. The authors relied on diabetic rats with a wide range of plasma glucose levels and non-diabetic control rats to establish a possible relationship between severity of diabetes and α-crystallin chaperone activity. In addition, 52–56 and 63–69 year-old diabetic and non-diabetic human lenses were used to show whether diabetes affects α-crystallin chaperone activity in human lenses. Correlation between plasma glucose levels and loss of chaperone activity of the αL-crystallin fraction in diabetic rats indicated good correlation. The glycemic threshold, reported before for cataract development in diabetic rats, seems to be valid for the chaperone activity loss as well. Analysis of the human lens αL-crystallin showed lower chaperone activity in all the diabetic lenses than in the age-matched control lenses. In the 63–69 age group, the loss in chaperone activity due to diabetes was significantly larger than in the 52–56 age group suggesting a dominant effect of duration of diabetes.
Clinical and Patient-centered Outcomes of Nonsurgical Root Canal Retreatment in First Molars Using Contemporary Techniques.

Abstract Introduction There have been many recent technical advances in modern endodontics that have the potential to affect treatment outcomes. Reports on treatment outcomes using contemporary techniques are relatively scarce, especially in the field of nonsurgical retreatment. The purpose of this study was to determine the success of nonsurgical root canal retreatment in molars using contemporary endodontic techniques. Methods Sixty-three patients referred for retreatment in first molars were enrolled in the study. The retreatment procedures were performed by endodontic residents using a semistandardized treatment protocol. Patients were followed-up at 6, 12, and 24 months. Treatment outcomes were categorized into healed, healing, or nonhealing based on clinical and radiographic criteria. Healed and healing were considered as successes, and nonhealing was considered a failure. Outcomes were also evaluated using patient-centered criteria that included oral health–related quality of life scores and subjective chewing ability. Results Fifty-two of the 63 patients were available for final analysis. Five cases (9.6%) were determined to be nonhealing at the last follow-up with new or persistent periapical lesions. Thirty-seven (71.2%) patients had complete resolution of apical periodontitis, and the remaining 10 (19.2%) remained asymptomatic and showed radiographic evidence of healing. Oral health–related quality of life scores and chewing ability improved significantly over time (P Conclusions This study showed that endodontic retreatment using contemporary techniques significantly improved patients' quality of life and chewing ability over time, with a success rate of 90.4% after 2 years.
Recombinant human erythropoietin in severe anaemia: issues of dosing and duration

The majority of Jehovah's Witnesses refuse blood product transfusion, even when it can be lifesaving. Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (RHuEPO) is a valuable adjunct in Jehovah's Witness patients undergoing surgery. A number of additional strategies, including acute normovolaemic haemodilution, intra-operative blood salvage and reinfusion, iron and folate supplementation are also utilized to avoid blood transfusion. Critically ill patients have blunted erythropoietin production and decreased endogenous iron availability. This case report reviews the treatment of anaemia in critically ill Jehovah's Witness patients after surgery and discusses the potential need for higher RHuEPO dosing strategies and longer duration of therapy.