cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Path towards community resilience: Examining stakeholders’ coordination at the intersection of the built, natural, and social systems

Abstract It is well established that low-income and communities of color often receive delayed disaster recovery while disproportionately impacted from disasters. Governments have more recently employed equity principles into their policies and frameworks to improve resiliency of such communities to disasters. However, although many city agencies have an overlying goal to advance racial equity, the reality of coordination efforts may reveal shortcomings that perpetuate inequitable outcomes in the decision-making process of city stakeholders. This study assessed internal stakeholder interviews from city agencies, social services, and a nonprofit in summer of 2018 to identify obstacles and opportunities for building community resilience in Southeast Austin. An inductive qualitative analysis was then performed to extract emergent themes from the interviews. Key recommendations for improving equitable community resilience planning were developed such as, increased internal coordination and collaboration, and improved external communication and engagement. This study contributes to understanding the relationship of equity in community resiliency planning and represents an important contribution to understanding the influential factors that shape a decision-makers role in planning efforts. Improving such understandings can support more collaborative and participatory decision-making processes between affected community members and city agencies.
Sandra Schneiders, Critical Exegesis, and the Theological Interpretation of Scripture

Current trajectories in biblical interpretation have increasingly shelved or even attacked historical-critical methodologies, replacing these methodologies with doctrinally grounded (meta)narratives as the primary framework for the interpretation of Scripture. This trajectory is particularly apparent among proponents of the “theological interpretation of scripture” (TIS). These interpretive trajectories tend to be self-referential inasmuch as their primary aim is to buttress the doctrinally grounded narrative framework itself rather than providing any critical function that could move readers beyond ecclesially established horizons. Sandra Schneiders, however, stands out in the field of theology as a potent exemplar of nonreductive critical biblical exegesis, and her performance as an exegete has long anticipated the concerns of TIS. Schneiders' approach marks an important path forward for interpreters of Scripture, one that is critically informed, hermeneutically sound, and both theologically and spiritually fruitful. Schneiders’ own account of the Johannine resurrection narrative may prove helpful and even exemplary for contemporary exegetes and systematic theologians alike.
Historical Memory and Transitional Justice

Focusing on neglected histories of slavery, civil war and reconstruction, Professor Davis considers the need for a transitional justice process in the United States.‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎‏‏‎ ‎
Brønsted Acid-Catalyzed Stereospecific Dearomative Spirocyclization of Benzothiophenyl Analogues of Tertiary cis-β-Benzylstyrenes

3-Substituted benzothiophenyl analogues of tertiary cis-β-benzylstyrenes undergo triflic acid-catalyzed dearomative spirocyclization to afford vicinal quaternary center-containing compounds at room temperature. Hydroarylation of the styrene is a competing process that could be selected for in substrates possessing electron-rich styrenyl alkenes, or an indole in place of the benzothiophene.
Your 5- and 10-Year Plan

This chapter reviews forming a 5- and 10-year plan regarding your job future. Suggestions will be made about coming up with ideas that help you make decisions regarding what type of work you want to do, where you want to live, and what type and level (full or part time) of work you envision for your future.
A Review of Contemporary Violence

This is an academic exploration of the topic of violence as it is delineated by Dr. Wilber and his collaborators. Although the book is written primarily for law enforcement officers, it represents an objective study that approaches the subject from a number of angles—no aspect of violence is left untouched. True to its subtitle, “A Multi-Disciplinary Examination,” the volume represents the contributions of five authors, an anthropologist, a sociologist, a psychologist, and two zoologists, each taking a unique and refreshing approach. The editor relies on his own extensive background to draw the entire package together.
Aeromacs C-Band Interference Modeling and Simulation Results

A new C-band (5091-5150 MHz) airport communications system designated as Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS) is being planned under the Federal Aviation Administration s NextGen program. It is necessary to establish practical limits on AeroMACS transmission power from airports so that the threshold of interference into the Mobile Satellite Service (Globalstar) feeder uplinks is not exceeded. To help provide guidelines for these limits, interference models have been created with the commercial software Visualyse Professional. In this presentation, simulation results were shown for the aggregate interference power at low earth orbit from AeroMACS transmitters at each of up to 757 airports in the United States, Canada, Mexico, and the surrounding area. Both omni-directional and sectoral antenna configurations were modeled. Effects of antenna height, beamwidth, and tilt were presented.
Fish biology and fisheries ecology of the Salton Sea, California

Studies of the fisheries ecology and fish biology of the Salton Sea, California, were conducted in 1999 and 2000 using 50 m gill nets in river, nearshore, pelagic, and estuarine areas. Total lengths and weights were measured for all fish captured, and sub-samples were dissected for gonad weights and aging. Ten fish species were captured of which a hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus x O. urolepis hornorum) was dominant by number and weight. Nearshore and estuarine areas had highest catch rates (over 11 kg h−1 net−1 for tilapia). Rivers were richest in the number of species (6 of 10 species were exclusively riverine), but lowest in fish abundance. Orangemouth corvina (Cynoscion xanthulus), bairdiella (Bairdiella icistia), sargo (Anisotremus davidsoni), and tilapia grew faster, but had shorter life spans than conspecifics elsewhere and Salton Sea conspecifics of 50 years ago. Reproduction occurred mostly in the nearshore and estuarine areas. Onset of reproduction of bairdiella and sargo was in the spring and extended through the beginning of summer. Reproduction of orangemouth corvina started in the summer and of tilapia in the spring. Reproduction of orangemouth corvina and tilapia extended through the fall. Gender ratios of tilapia were skewed toward males in all areas, except the rivers, where females predominated. All four species aggregated along the nearshore and estuarine areas in the summer when dissolved oxygen in the pelagic area was limited. Any restoration alternative for the Salton Sea should consider areas close to shore as primary areas for fish reproduction and survival.
More Likely to Be Poor Whatever the Measure: Working-Age Persons with Disabilities in the United States*

Objective This article examines whether disability is a correlate of poverty when poverty is measured using (1) the official poverty measure; (2) the supplemental poverty measure (SPM); and (3) two multidimensional poverty measures created by the authors. Methods Data from the Current Population Survey are used to explore the relationship between poverty and disability for each measure. Differences across disability status were tested for statistical significance. Results Disability is associated with poverty, irrespective of the poverty measure under use. The gap in poverty rates between persons with and without disabilities is smaller when using the SPM as compared to the official poverty measure. The gap in poverty rates between persons with and without disabilities is highest when using multidimensional poverty measures. Conclusion Working-age persons with disabilities are more likely to be poor whatever the measure under use. They are a disadvantaged group in the United States.
Traditional Methods for Mineral Analysis

This chapter describes traditional methods for analysis of minerals involving titrimetric and colorimetric procedures, and the use of ion selective electrodes. Other traditional methods of mineral analysis include gravimetric titration (i.e., insoluble forms of minerals are precipitated, rinse, dried, and weighed) and redox reactions (i.e., mineral is part of an oxidation–reduction reaction, and product is quantitated). However, these latter two methods will not be covered because they currently are used little in the food industry. The traditional methods that will be described have maintained widespread usage in the food industry despite the development of more modern instrumentation such as atomic absorption spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (Chap. 24). Traditional methods generally require chemicals and equipment that are routinely available in an analytical laboratory and are within the experience of most laboratory technicians. Additionally, traditional methods often form the basis for rapid analysis kits (e.g., Quantab ®; for salt determination) that are increasingly in demand. Procedures for analysis of minerals of major nutritional or food processing concern are used for illustrative purposes. For additional examples of traditional methods refer to references (1–6). Slight modifications of these traditional methods are often needed for specific foodstuffs to minimize interferences or to be in the range of analytical performance. For analytical requirements for specific foods see the Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International (5) and related official methods (6).
In vitro gene transfection in human glioma cells using a novel and less cytotoxic artificial lipoprotein delivery system.

Purpose. To develop and evaluate a novel artificial lipoprotein delivery system for in vitro gene transfection in human glioma cells. Method. Nanoemulsion was formulated with similar lipid compositions present in natural lipoproteins. The oil phase of nanoemulsion was composed of triolein (70%), egg phosphatidylcholine (22.7%), lysophosphatidylcholine (2.3%), cholesterol oleate (3.0%), and cholesterol (2.0%). To replace the surface protein as in natural lipoprotein, poly-L-lysine was modified to add palmitoyl chains at a basic condition and was incorporated onto the nanoemulsion particles through hydrophobic interaction. A model plasmid DNA, pSV-β-Gal containing a reporter gene for β-galactosidase was carried by the nanoemulsion/poly-L-lysine particles. The charge variation of so-formed complex was examined by agarose gel electrophoresis and zeta potential measurement. In vitro transfection was conducted on human SF-767 glioma cell line using this new system. After standard X-Gal staining, transfected cells were observed under light microscope. The effect of chloroquine on the transfection was examined and, finally, the cytotoxicity of this new system was evaluated in comparison with commercial Lipofectamine™ gene transfection system. Results. The plasmid DNA was effectively carried by this artificial lipoprotein delivery system and the reporter gene was expressed in the glioma cells. Transfection efficiency was significantly increased by the treatment of chloroquine, indicating that endocytosis possibly was the major cellular uptake pathway. Compared to Lipofectamine™ system, this new delivery system demonstrated similar transfection efficiency but a much lower cytotoxicity. In the experiment, the cell viability showed up to 75% using this system compared to only 24% using Lipofectamine™ system. Conclusion. A new artificial lipoprotein delivery system was developed for in vitro gene transfection in tumor cells. The new system showed similar transfection efficiency but a much lower cytotoxicity compared with commercial Lipofectamine system.
Combined molecular mechanical and continuum solvent approach (MM-PBSA/GBSA) to predict ligand binding

Significant progress has been achieved in computational methods to treat solvent effects in recent years. Among various techniques, the continuum solvent approach appears to be practically promising because it can be used to calculate reliable interaction and solvation energies in complex systems. A computational scanning mutagenesis method, one of such new approaches, has been recently developed. It combines the molecular mechanical and continuum solvent approaches and allows one to identify the `hotspots' in binding interfaces from a single trajectory of a wild type complex. Such techniques can be also used as a tool to optimize the interacting species for the binding, or as a ranking procedure in high throughput screening.
Kalman Filter: An Elementary Approach

This chapter is devoted to a most elementary introduction to the Kalman filtering algorithm. By assuming invertibility of certain matrices, the Kalman filtering “prediction-correction” algorithm will be derived based on the optimality criterion of least-squares unbiased estimation of the state vector with the optimal weight, using all available data information. The filtering algorithm is first obtained for a system with no deterministic (control) input. By superimposing the deterministic solution, we then arrive at the general Kalman filtering algorithm.
Life Cycle Assessment

Due to the diversity of impacts the fuel industry has on society, it is often difficult to comprehensively evaluate the benefits and drawbacks of any given fuel or fuel production process. This is especially true when the impacts influence disparate fields that have their own considerations and metrics that may not be compatible. The analysis framework of a life cycle assessment (LCA) provides a comprehensive methodology for studying the combined consequences of different influences and has been implemented in many industries including biofuels. While LCA can be used to retrospectively analyze existing systems, it is also possible to use LCA to prospectively analyze a system to evaluate and determine the most promising choices to pursue. LCA is a potentially powerful component in helping to guide decision making for target biofuel research and development.
Damage Measures and Economic Rationality: The Geometry of Contract Law

The question of damage measures presented by the conscious decision of a promisor to breach a losing contract raises one of the most perplexing conceptual problems in contract law. Recognizing the present inability of the courts rationally to resolve the problem, as illustrated by the opposing decisions in Groves v. John Wunder Company and Peevyhouse v. Garland Coal and Mining Company, the author undertakes to examine the premises of contract law with a fresh perspective-economic analysis.
Improvements in Health Behaviors, Eating Self-Efficacy, and Goal-Setting Skills Following Participation in Wellness Coaching:

Abstract Purpose. This project examined potential changes in health behaviors following wellness coaching. Design. In a single cohort study design, wellness coaching participants were recruited in 2011, data were collected through July 2012, and were analyzed through December 2013. Items in the study questionnaire used requested information about 11 health behaviors, self-efficacy for eating, and goal-setting skills. Setting. Worksite wellness center. Participants. One-hundred employee wellness center members with an average age of 42 years; 90% were female and most were overweight or obese. Intervention. Twelve weeks of in-person, one-on-one wellness coaching. Method. Participants completed study questionnaires when they started wellness coaching (baseline), after 12 weeks of wellness coaching, and at a 3-month follow-up. Results. From baseline to week 12, these 100 wellness coaching participants improved their self-reported health behaviors (11 domains, 0- to 10-point scale) from an average of 6.4 to 7....
Alignment-HMM-based Extraction of Abbreviations from Biomedical Text

We present an algorithm for extracting abbreviation definitions from biomedical text. Our approach is based on an alignment HMM, matching abbreviations and their definitions. We report 98% precision and 93% recall on a standard data set, and 95% precision and 91% recall on an additional test set. Our results show an improvement over previously reported methods and our model has several advantages. Our model: (1) is simpler and faster than a comparable alignment-based abbreviation extractor; (2) is naturally generalizable to specific types of abbreviations, e.g., abbreviations of chemical formulas; (3) is trained on a set of unlabeled examples; and (4) associates a probability with each predicted definition. Using the abbreviation alignment model we were able to extract over 1.4 million abbreviations from a corpus of 200K full-text PubMed papers, including 455,844 unique definitions.
Does Low Stomatal Conductance or Photosynthetic Capacity Enhance Growth at Elevated CO2 in Arabidopsis

The objective of this study was to determine if low stomatal conductance ( g ) increases growth, nitrate (NO 3 − ) assimilation, and nitrogen (N) utilization at elevated CO 2 concentration. Four Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) near isogenic lines (NILs) differing in g were grown at ambient and elevated CO 2 concentration under low and high NO 3 − supply as the sole source of N. Although g varied by 32% among NILs at elevated CO 2 , leaf intercellular CO 2 concentration varied by only 4% and genotype had no effect on shoot NO 3 – concentration in any treatment. Low- g NILs showed the greatest CO 2 growth increase under N limitation but had the lowest CO 2 growth enhancement under N-sufficient conditions. NILs with the highest and lowest g had similar rates of shoot NO 3 – assimilation following N deprivation at elevated CO 2 concentration. After 5 d of N deprivation, the lowest g NIL had 27% lower maximum carboxylation rate and 23% lower photosynthetic electron transport compared with the highest g NIL. These results suggest that increased growth of low- g NILs under N limitation most likely resulted from more conservative N investment in photosynthetic biochemistry rather than from low g .
Implicit volition and stereotype control

Goals are mental representations that vary in accessibility and operate within goal systems. The implicit nature of goal activation and pursuit is shown here to make goals effective not merely at overturning the influence of an activated stereotype on how people respond to members of stereotyped groups, but effective at implicitly controlling the activation of stereotypes in the first place. In a set of experiments examining chronic egalitarian goals, faces and names of members of stereotyped groups presented as target stimuli led to the inhibition of stereotypes, as well as to the heightened accessibility of egalitarian goals. A separate set of experiments illustrate a similar ability of individuals to control stereotype activation when egalitarian goals are temporarily triggered within a context, rather than being chronically held. Goals that require one to inhibit stereotypic associations to a target can lead to the intended, yet implicit, control of stereotype activation, even when one is not aware th...
Quantitative contrast media dose evaluation for cranial computed tomography

The goal of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the CT enhancement characteristics of selected intracranial blood vessels using four different volumes of a contrast medium under otherwise identical conditions in order to help determine a cost-effective dose. In a double blind, prospective manner, 100 patients referred for contrast-enhanced cranial CT were randomly assigned to receive one of four different volumes (50, 75, 100 or 120 ml) of ioversol 320 mg I/ml which was subsequently administered intravenously at a rate of 1 ml/s via a power injector. Unenhanced images were also obtained. Scanning times, slice thickness and other parameters were identical in all patients. Scanning was initiated immediately following delivery of the full volume of contrast. Region of interest Hounsfield unit measurements were acquired in a standardized manner using a 1 mm diameter circle on the pre- and post-contrast scans of the supraclinoid left internal carotid artery (LICA), supraclinoid right internal carotid artery (RICA), basilar artery (BA), and torcular region (TR). The mean enhancement value (in Hounsfield units) for the 50 ml, 75 ml, 100 ml and 120 ml dose groups respectively were as follows for each vessel: LICA 29.9, 41.5, 63.9, 64.6; RICA 30.1, 39.4, 62.6, 65.1; BA 30.0, 41.7, 66.0, 71.9; TR 31.7, 46.8, 68.9, 74.3. There was no statistically significant (p > 0.05) difference in enhancement in any of the four vessels when the 120 ml volume was delivered compared to the 100 ml volume. However, there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) improvement in enhancement in all four vessels when 100 ml of contrast was administered compared to 75 ml.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Feeding and Core Temperature in Albino-Rats: Changes Induced by Preoptic Heating and Cooling

At an ambient temperature of 25°C, selective cooling of the area preoptica medialis to 24 ° ± 1°C produced a significant decrease in food intake together with hyperthermia. Heating the same area to 43° ± 1°C resulted in the opposite effects. At an ambient temperature of 35°C, heating the area preoptica medialis to 43°C resulted in a decrease in food intake despite concomitant hypothermia.
Classification performance of three approaches for combining data sampling and gene selection on bioinformatics data

Bioinformatics datasets pose two major challenges to researchers and data-mining practitioners: class imbalance and high dimensionality. Class imbalance occurs when instances of one class vastly outnumber instances of the other class(es), and high dimensionality occurs when a dataset has many independent features (genes). Data sampling is often used to tackle the problem of class imbalance, and the problem of excessive features in the dataset may be alleviated through feature selection. In this work, we examine various approaches for applying these techniques simultaneously to tackle both of these challenges and build effective classification models. In particular, we ask whether the order of these techniques and the use of unsampled or sampled datasets for building classification models makes a difference. We conducted an empirical study on a series of seven high-dimensional and severely imbalanced biological datasets using six commonly used learners and four feature selection rankers from three different families of feature selection techniques. We compared three different data-sampling approaches: data sampling followed by feature selection using the unsampled data (DS-FS-UnSam) and selected features; data sampling followed by feature selection using the sampled data (DS-FS-Sam) and selected features; and feature selection followed by data sampling (FS-DS) using sampled data and selected features. We used Random Undersampling (RUS) to achieve the minority: majority class ratios of 35:65 and 50:50. The experimental results show that there are statistically significant differences among the three data-sampling approaches only when using the class ratio of 50:50, with a multiple comparison test showing that DS-FS-UnSam outperforms the other approaches. Thus, although specific combinations of learner and ranker may favor other approaches, across all choices of learner and ranker we would recommend the use of the DS-FS-UnSam approach for this class ratio. On the other hand, with the 35:65 class ratio, DS-FS-Sam was most frequently the top-performing approach, and although it was not statistically significantly better than the other approaches, we would generally recommend this approach be used for the 35:65 class ratio (although specific choices of learner and ranker may vary). Overall, we can see that the optimal approach will depend on the choice of class ratio.
Evolution of acoustic communication: a multi-level analysis of signal variation

Evolutionary change in signals may occur within and between populations. A pre-requisite of signal evolution is that heritable traits vary sufficiently between individuals for selection to operate....
Continuing adventures in qualitative modeling—a qualitative heart model

This paper discusses the second generation of an ongoing project for developing a model of cardiac electrophysiology with sophisticated reasoning mechanisms and robust explanation capabilities. The framework for this model combines device- and process-oriented ontologies, and contains mechanisms that introduce delays into process definitions for explicitly modeling sequences of temporal activities. The scheme has been applied to develop a model of the electrical subsystem of the heart. The first generation model incorporated a “lumped” view of the cardiac electrical system, and simulated single cardiac action potentials for each component of the system. As a result the electrical behavior of an entire region was collapsed into a single action potential curve, and the model captured only temporal relationships among action potentials of gross anatomical structures. To provide a more accurate picture of cardiac functionality, the second generation model distributes electrical activity through the muscle and conduction units. This distribution allows for derivation of behaviors that are related to local disturbances (e.g., scar tissue) in individual units or regions. The corresponding simulation model scheme will incorporate a three-dimensional spatial representation of the cardiac electrical system and the musculature.
The Distribution of Receptors for Interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6 and IL-8 in the Developing Human Fetus

The Distribution of Receptors for Interleukin (IL)-3, IL-6 and IL-8 in the Developing Human Fetus
Ter-dependent stress response systems: novel pathways related to metal sensing, production of a nucleoside-like metabolite, and DNA-processing

The mode of action of the bacterial ter cluster and TelA genes, implicated in natural resistance to tellurite and other xenobiotic toxic compounds, pore-forming colicins and several bacteriophages, has remained enigmatic for almost two decades. Using comparative genomics, sequence-profile searches and structural analysis we present evidence that the ter gene products and their functional partners constitute previously underappreciated, chemical stress response and anti-viral defense systems of bacteria. Based on contextual information from conserved gene neighborhoods and domain architectures, we show that the ter gene products and TelA lie at the center of membrane-linked metal recognition complexes with regulatory ramifications encompassing phosphorylation-dependent signal transduction, RNA-dependent regulation, biosynthesis of nucleoside-like metabolites and DNA processing. Our analysis suggests that the multiple metal-binding and non-binding TerD paralogs and TerC are likely to constitute a membrane-associated complex, which might also include TerB and TerY, and feature several, distinct metal-binding sites. Versions of the TerB domain might also bind small molecule ligands and link the TerD paralog-TerC complex to biosynthetic modules comprising phosphoribosyltransferases (PRTases), ATP grasp amidoligases, TIM-barrel carbon-carbon lyases, and HAD phosphoesterases, which are predicted to synthesize novel nucleoside-like molecules. One of the PRTases is also likely to interact with RNA by means of its Pelota/Ribosomal protein L7AE-like domain. The von Willebrand factor A domain protein, TerY, is predicted to be part of a distinct phosphorylation switch, coupling a protein kinase and a PP2C phosphatase. We show, based on the evidence from numerous conserved gene neighborhoods and domain architectures, that both the TerB and TelA domains have been linked to diverse lipid-interaction domains, such as two novel PH-like and the Coq4 domains, in different bacteria, and are likely to comprise membrane-associated sensory complexes that might additionally contain periplasmic binding-protein-II and OmpA domains. We also show that the TerD and TerB domains and the TerY-associated phosphorylation system are functionally linked to many distinct DNA-processing complexes, which feature proteins with SWI2/SNF2 and RecQ-like helicases, multiple AAA+ ATPases, McrC-N-terminal domain proteins, several restriction endonuclease fold DNases, DNA-binding domains and a type-VII/Esx-like system, which is at the center of a predicted DNA transfer apparatus. These DNA-processing modules and associated genes are predicted to be involved in restriction or suicidal action in response to phages and possibly repairing xenobiotic-induced DNA damage. In some eukaryotes, certain components of the ter system appear to be recruited to function in conjunction with the ubiquitin system and calcium-signaling pathways.
Heteroepitaxy of TiO2, VO2 films and TiO2/VO2 multilayers grown on sapphire (1120) by metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition

Abstract Single-crystal TiO 2 and VO 2 films in single-layer and multilayer configurations have been successfully grown on sapphire (11 2 0) by the metallo-organic chemical vapor deposition technique. The epitaxial orientation relationships were determined by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy techniques. High resolution electron microscopy studies were performed to examine the microstructures of the films at atomic level.
Contribution to the electrochemistry of bimolecular lipid membranes.

The electrical properties and the mechanism of the electrical conductivity of artificial bimolecular lipid membranes (BLM) have been investigated in the presence of iodine and iodide. It is shown that a model different from simple ion diffusion must be considered to account for the observations. On the basis of experimental results the following can be concluded: a) each membrane-electrolyte interface behaves as a semiconductor electrochemical electrode, b) the bulk membrane phase behaves as an electronic conductor, transferring the charge carriers generated by the electrode reactions, c) the membrane can also serve as a matrix for certain components of the redox system present in the bathing solutions.
FREE-CONVECTION STAGNATION FLOW OF AN ABSORBING-EMITTING GAS

Abstract An analysis is presented for laminar free convection of an absorbing-emitting gas in the region of the stagnation point of a horizontal cylinder. The analysis is formulated for a gray gas and a black isothermal cylinder. The parameters which govern the relative role of radiation to conduction and convection are varied over a range of representative values. The analysis has been limited to a Prandtl number of one.
Hypothalamic catecholamine histofluorescence in dwarf mice.

Brains of growth hormone (GH)-and prolactin (PRL)-deficient Ames (df/df) and Snell (dw/dw) dwarf mice and normal mice of the same strains were examined for catecholamine (CA) histofluorescence, with particular emphasis upon the hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular (A12) (arcuate nucleus/median eminence) region, which plays a role in the regulation of both GH and PRL. Dwarfs and normal animals of both types also were treated with a drug regimen to deplete sequentially neuronal CA stores (reserpine), inhibit CA oxidation (nialamide) and load dopaminergic A12 cells with exogenous transmitter (norepinephrine), in order to test viability and axonal transport capacity of A12 neurons. In both types of dwarfs, compared with normals, fluorescence was markedly reduced in the zona externa of the median eminence, which is normally rich in terminals from A12 neurons. Fluorescence in the median eminence was particularly weak in Ames dwarfs, and A12 perikarya were difficult to discern in this group. Snell dwarfs showed reduced fluorescence of A12 perikarya when compared with the brightly fluorescent perikarya seen in normal mice. In supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei, and in the zona interna of the median eminence, CA fluorescence attributable to NE was comparable among dwarfs and normals; fluorescence of dopaminergic perikarya in substantia nigra was also unaffected in dwarfs. Exogenously administered NE effected enhanced fluorescence of A12 Perikarya in normal mice and in Snell dwarfs; NE treatment in the Ames dwarf, however, failed to increase significantly the faint fluorescence of A12 cell bodies. The results indicate that dopaminergic A12 neurons in Snell dwarf mice are present and viable. Reduction in DA in the median eminence in both genetic dwarfs and failure of CA uptake in Ames dwarfs may indicate altered axon morphology or transport capacity, and/or abnormal DA biosynthesis, which may be more severe in Ames than in Snell dwarfs. Thus, genetic alteration in differentiation of pituitary cells may play a significant role in development of the CA systems in the hypothalamus.
High-Risk Pregnancy Screening Techniques A Nursing Overview

Procedures and indications for nonstress fetal monitoring, oxytocin challenge tests, 24-hour measurement of urine estriols, ultrasound, and amniocentesis, five of the most widely used diagnostic tools for monitoring the fetus at risk, are reviewed. While none of these tests is completely accurate by itself, selective use of these tests improves the ability to diagnose placental insufficiency and to predict the ability of the fetus to survive outside the uterus. Complications may threaten the life of the fetus, but delivery can be timed to minimize the complications associated with prematurity. Overall, skilled medical management of underlying problems remains most important, while tests of placental insufficiency add valuable, but supplementary guidelines for overall management of the high-risk patient.
Fluid equation of state for inverse-power potentials: Comparison of one-component-plasma theory and hard-sphere perturbation theory.

Two theoretical equations of state are compared with each other and with Monte Carlo calculations for inverse-power potentials. The hard-sphere perturbation theory is accurate at low densities for all potentials and at high densities for hard potentials, but is poor for soft potentials at high densities. The theory motivated by one-component-plasma results is accurate only at high densities and is quite accurate for soft potentials.
Glucocorticoids, inflammation and the perinatal lung

Many women delivering preterm infants at less than 30 weeks gestation have subclinical chorioamnionitis. Based on current guidelines, maternal glucocorticoid treatment is given to induce lung maturation. Fetal exposure to proinflammation can cause acute and chronic injury, but inflammation also can induce fetal lung maturation. Both antenatal glucocorticoids and inflammation modulate lung development, by inducing the surfactant system, inducing structural maturation, and inhibiting alveolarization. The opportunities for the future are to develop new safer strategies to mature the preterm foetus, and the risks are potential adverse interactions of repetitive glucocorticoid exposures and unrecognized fetal exposure to inflammation.
Methodological Issues in the Assessment of Medication Effects in Children Diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most commonly diagnosed disorders in school-aged children and is usually treated with stimulant medications, including methylphenidate (MPH; Ritalin®, Ritalin-LA®, Concerta®, Metadate®, or Focalin®) and other drug compounds (e.g., Adderall®, Adderall-XR®, or Dexedrine). Assessment of school behavior and performance is a critical component in determining the safety and efficacy of these medications. This paper reviews methodological issues in assessing drug effects in school settings by considering features of the independent variable (the medication), the dependent variables (the endpoints selected for assessment), and the design (the structure of the assessment). In addition, we consider recent conceptual advances in understanding the behavioral mechanisms of action of drugs used to treat ADHD that may influence the structure and interpretation of medication assessments.
Effects of progesterone on the binding of estradiol-receptor to rabbit uterine chromatin

Abstract Three day progesterone treatment of ovariectomized rabbits increased in vitro uterine estrogen-receptor binding to uterine chromatin. The increased binding was traced to changes in chromatin but not the cytosol. Both the number of chromatin acceptor sites and the binding affinity were higher in treated animals. Furthermore, chromatin acidic protein to DNA ratios from treated rabbits were higher by approximately the same factor as for binding sites. A mechanism of synergistic interaction is suggested.
Measurement and Utilization of In Vivo Blood-Pressure Transfer Functions of Dog and Chicken Aortas

A method for determining the essential parameters of the aorta, namely the geometric taper, area, hoop elasticity, and effective loss factor, from in vivo pressure measurements is presented. A nonuniform hybrid model, having both geometric and elastic taper and terminated in a reflectionless impedance at the femoral bifurcation, is utilized.
Historical Perspectives: Optical Crossbars And Optical Computing

The evolution of optical computing from simple arithmetic computing to complex logical computing closely parallels the transition of optical computing from the analog to the digital domain. The significance of optical crossbars in both arithmetic and logic-based optical computing systems is considered. An emphasis is placed on the unique ability of digital optical systems to implement extremely complex combinational logic structures. The significance of fan-in and fan-out is examined. The emergence of a new class of optoelectronic programmable logic arrays (PLA's) is discussed. A comparison of the potential operational limits of these devices to those of their electronic counterparts is presented.
Personality, sexual behavior, and drug use revealed through latent variable methods

Abstract The interrelations between personality, sexual behavior, and drug use among adolescents and young adults are studied using recently developed causal modeling methods. Formally known as structural equation models, these methods require the researcher to specify a series of simultaneous hypotheses about the effects of certain latent or unmeasured constructs on other constructs, as well as how observed variables serve as indicators of the latent constructs. Statistical tests of the adequacy of these hypotheses are then made. This paper reviews several studies and reports on a new study designed to answer the following questions: (1) To what extent are masturbatory and coital responsiveness phenomenologically interchangeable aspects of sexuality among young women? (2) Does social assertiveness by women improve their sexual responsiveness? (3) Is adolescent dating and sexual involvement related to their use of drugs and alcohol? The last question is addressed using a new distribution-free statistical estimator.
Trypanosoma brucei Plasma Membrane-Type Ca2+-ATPase 1 (TbPMC1) and 2 (TbPMC2) Genes Encode Functional Ca2+-ATPases Localized to the Acidocalcisomes and Plasma Membrane, and Essential for Ca2+ Homeostasis and Growth

Trypanosoma brucei adaptation and survival in its host involve integrated regulation of Ca2+ pumps (Ca2+-ATPases), which are essential in calcium ion homeostasis. Here we report the cloning and sequencing of two genes (TbPMC1 and TbPMC2) encoding plasma membrane-type Ca2+-ATPases (PMCAs) of T. brucei, an agent of African trypanosomiasis. Indirect immunofluorescence analysis using antibodies against the proteins and against epitope tags introduced into each protein showed that TbPMC1 co-localized with the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase to the acidocalcisomes while TbPMC2 localized to the plasma membrane. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that TbPMC1 and TbPMC2 are up-regulated during blood stages. TbPMC1 and TbPMC2 suppressed the Ca2+ hypersensitivity of a mutant of S. cerevisiae that has a defect in vacuolar Ca2+ accumulation. T. brucei Ca2+-ATPase genes were functionally characterized by using double-stranded RNA interference (RNAi) methodology to produce inducible Ca2+-ATPase-deficient procyclic forms. Similar results were obtained with bloodstream form trypomastigotes, except that the RNAi system was leaky and mRNA and protein levels recovered with time. The induction of dsRNA (RNAi) caused gross morphological alterations, and growth inhibition of procyclic forms. Induction of RNAi against TbPMC1 but not against TbPMC2 caused elevated levels of cytosolic Ca2+ and decreased mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores following ionophore addition. These results establish that T. brucei PMCA-Ca2+-ATPases are essential for parasite viability and validate them as targets for drug development.
Diagnosis and Ablation of Long RP Supraventricular Tachycardias

Long RP tachycardias are a unique collection of arrhythmias that include atypical (fast-slow) atrio-ventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) with and without a concealed, bystander nodo-fascicular/ventricular accessory pathway (AP), orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia (ORT) using a concealed, slowly conducting, and decremental atrio-ventricular (AV) AP (PJRT), ORT using a concealed nodo-fascicular/ventricular AP (NFRT), and atrial tachycardia (AT)—all but the last being dependent upon the AV node. These tachycardias respond differently to pacing maneuvers than their short RP counterparts and can manifest: (1) both true and pseudo-AAV responses, (2) long uncorrected and corrected post-pacing intervals, (3) prolonged delta ventriculo-atrial (∆VA) and delta His bundle-atrial (∆HA) values, and (4) resetting with delay. Diagnosis requires analysis of available clues from spontaneous transition zones as well as atrial and ventricular pacing maneuvers to delineate the upper and lower limbs of each circuit, respectively. Establishing the exact mechanism of tachycardia is important for safe and successful ablation. With activation mapping to localize AT or the AV AP of ORT and slow pathway (SP) ablation of atypical AVNRT and NF APs inserting into the SP, the majority of long RP tachycardias can be successfully treated.
RESPONSES TO STADDON, SHIMP, MALONE, AND DONAHOE

I stand by my review. I documented all ofmy observations with quotations from thebook. My speculations about motives wereonly in keeping with my wonder at the mean-ness of the treatment of Skinner. If the reviewcontains some ad hominem elements, the adhominem character of Staddon’s attacks onSkinner invited them. If his goal was a pre-sentation of behaviorism to nonbehaviorists,as he claims, he went about it in a strangeway, devoting most of the book, not to ‘‘set-ting a context,’’ but to trashing Skinner’s writ-ings and then presenting brieﬂy his own idi-osyncratic view, which I again say isindistinguishable from the tradition begun byHull and Tolman and embraced by cognitivepsychology today. What happened to con-structive approaches like:
Cough-induced rib fractures.

Objectives To define the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of patients with cough-induced rib fractures and to assess potential risk factors. Patients and methods For this retrospective, single-center study, we identified all cases of cough-induced rib fractures diagnosed at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn, over a 9-year period between January 1, 1996, and January 31, 2005. Bone densitometry data from patients' medical records were analyzed, and T scores were used to classify patients into bone density categories. Results The mean +/- SD age of the 54 study patients at presentation was 55+/-17 years, and 42 patients (78%) were female. Patients presented with chest wall pain after onset of cough. Rib fracture was associated with chronic cough (> or =3 weeks' duration) in 85% of patients. Rib fractures were documented by chest radiography, rib radiography, computed tomography, or bone scan. Chest radiography had been performed in 52 patients and revealed rib fracture in 30 (58%). There were 112 fractured ribs in 54 patients. One half of patients had more than one fractured rib. Right-sided rib fractures alone were present in 17 patients (26 fractured ribs), left-sided in 23 patients (35 fractured ribs), and bilateral in 14 patients (51 fractured ribs). The most commonly fractured rib on both sides was rib 6. The fractures were most common at the lateral aspect of the rib cage. Bone densitometry was done in 26 patients and revealed osteopenia or osteoporosis in 17 (65%). Conclusions Cough-induced rib fractures occur primarily in women with chronic cough. Middle ribs along the lateral aspect of the rib cage are affected most commonly. Although reduced bone density is likely a risk factor, cough-induced rib fractures can occur in the presence of normal bone density.
Preparation and reactivity of nanocrystalline cocrystals formed via sonocrystallization.

Sonochemistry has been developed and applied to construct nanostructured cocrystals that are shown to exhibit single-crystal-to-single-crystal chemical reactivity.
Family Treatment of Adolescents and Young Adults Recovering From Substance Abuse

Family involvement in adolescent treatment for substance-abuse disorders has been shown to improve outcomes for individuals and families. This article outlines the treatment of adolescents with substance-abuse disorders where families are more fully integrated into the treatment. The adolescent and young adult program at Vanguard Services Unlimited in Arlington, VA is described, as well as the theoretical foundations for the program elements. Barriers to including families in adolescent and young adult substance-abuse treatment are explored, as well as suggestions for how these barriers may be overcome.
Stochastic perturbation of wave equations

We consider a wave equation with non-linear random forcing of the form .If the initial conditions are of sufficient regularity the solution ueis shown to be Holder continuous of exponent. kfor some 0<k< 1/2.The small stochastic perturbation relates to random effects which are often ignored. As the intensity of the stochastic perturbation tends to zero the distribution of ue decays exponentially outside of any neighborhood of the solution of the unperturbed equation Large deviations principle for ein terms of Freidlin-Wentzel estimates is obtained in the Holder's norm of exponent κ, for some k∊[0,1/2)