cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identification of Tetraploid Potato Clones with Good Processing Quality among Genotypes with Reduced Zebra Chip Disease Symptomatology

Zebra chip (ZC) disease caused by the bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum’ (Lso) and vectored by the potato psyllid (Bactericera cockerelli Sulc.) inflicts significant yield and quality losses in potato. Potato plants infected with Lso produce tubers with an internal brown stripe pattern that is unacceptable to the potato processing industry. Potato varieties tolerant of ZC disease could reduce yield and quality losses caused by the disease, as well as diminish insecticide usage to control potato psyllids. Tetraploid potato clones selected from breeding programs in the US were screened in Texas under both greenhouse and field conditions. Chipping quality in tubers harvested from plants infested with Lso-infected psyllids and those harvested from from non-infested plants were compared, and tuber symptoms associated with ZC disease were evaluated. Clones showing good chipping quality and promising ZC tolerance in the greenhouse and first field trials were independently tested in a second field trial. Clones of the A07781 and TX12484 families consistently showed good processing quality and ZC tolerance over multiple evaluations. These findings indicate that good processing clones with tolerance to ZC disease are available. These clones could be used by potato breeding programs as parents and could also be used to study the genetics of tolerance to ZC disease.
Investigation of the 19Na nucleus via resonance elastic scattering

The structure of the unbound proton-rich isotope 19Na was studied in resonance elastic scattering of a radioactive 18Ne beam on a proton target using the thick-target inverse-kinematics method. The experiment covered the excitation energy range from 0.5 to 2.7 MeV in c.m.s. Only one state of 19Na (the second excited state) was observed. A combined R-matrix and potential model analysis was performed. The spin and parity assignment of this second excited state was confirmed to be 1/2+. We show that the position of the 1/2+ state significantly affects the reaction rate through that state, but the total reaction rate remains unchanged since the 18Ne(2p, γ) proceeds mostly via the ground and first excited states in 19Na at stellar temperatures.
Laryngeal Manifestations of Crohn's Disease in a Toddler with Very Early Onset-IBD.

Objectives:We report obstructing laryngeal manifestations of Crohn’s disease in a toddler with very early onset-IBD (VEO-IBD) who required tracheotomy tube placement at 27 months of age for relief ...
Telegram: Data Collection, Opportunities and Challenges

Over the years, social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, etc., have become a valuable resource for marketing, public relations etc. One emerging mobile instant messaging medium, Telegram, has recently gained momentum in countries such as Brazil, Indonesia, Iran, Russia, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. While most social media platforms have been studied extensively, Telegram is still underexplored and a gold mine for researchers and social scientists to explore and study user behaviors. Moreover, the ease of data collection through its API and access to historical data makes it a lucrative platform for social computing research. This paper explores the features of Telegram and presents a methodology to collect and analyze data. We also demonstrate the viability of the platform as a source of social computing research by presenting a case study on Ukrainian Parliamentary members’ discourse. We conduct both text and network analysis to gain insights into political discourse and public opinion. Our findings include use of Telegram by Ukrainian politicians to connect with their voter base, promote their work as well as ridicule their peers. As a result, channels are actively disseminating information on current political affairs and chat groups that discuss views on Ukrainian government. From our study, we conclude that Telegram is a rich data source to study social behavior, analyze information campaigns through content dissemination, etc. This study opens plethora of research opportunities in future on Telegram.
Evaluation of G protein bias and β-arrestin 2 signaling in opioid-induced respiratory depression.

Respiratory depression is a potentially fatal side effect of opioid analgesics and a major limitation to their use. G protein-biased opioid agonists have been proposed as “safer” analgesics with le...
Laparoscopic Hysterectomy for Placenta Accreta in the Second Trimester

Study Objective Placenta accreta is a known, life-threatening obstetric complication. In this video, we present key steps to performing a laparoscopic hysterectomy for management of placenta accreta in the second trimester Design This video details specific surgical techniques that may aid in reducing complications when performing a hysterectomy on a gravid uterus. Setting The operative room at a major academic center. Patients or Participants Two female patients were identified to have placenta accreta in the second trimester. Both were extensively counseled regarding their risks and their options. Both opted for termination of pregnancy with a total laparoscopic hysterectomy. Interventions Two hysterectomies were performed in the operating suite through laparoscopic techniques only. The surgeries were performed with three-5mm laparoscopic trocars and a 5-mm endoscope. Specimens were removed from the vagina. Measurements and Main Results No complications were encountered during both hysterectomies. Both patients had same-day discharge, and pathology confirmed the presence of placenta accreta. Conclusion This video highlights a surgical option for the management of placenta accreta diagnosed in the second trimester. Patients can be offered a minimally invasive approach to an otherwise life-threatening condition.
GAP-43 as a marker for structural plasticity in the mature CNS.

Publisher Summary An understanding of the cellular and molecular processes that underlie instances of plasticity is essential for untangling the mystery of how learning occurs; how and where memories are stored; and how the nervous system responds, or fails to respond, to acute injury, normal atrophy, and to pathological processes, as in Alzheimer's or Huntington's disease. This chapter describes the involvement of one particular protein in mediating plasticity in the nervous system. This protein was discovered independently in several laboratories, which implicated it in a range of phenomena that include neuronal regeneration and development, growth cone motility, signal transduction, phospholipid metabolism, calmodulin-binding, and synaptic potentiation. Accordingly, a variety of names were assigned to it, including GAP-43, 48K4.8, B-50, F l, pp46, protein 4, and P-57 (neuromodulin). The recognition that these all represent the same molecule generated a good deal of excitement that this protein might provide insights for understanding the neurobiology of synaptic development and plasticity.
More Dimension Computations

As in Lecture 9, let M be the projective space of nonzero m × n matrices up to scalars and M k ⊂ M the variety of matrices of rank k or less.
The distribution of mast cells in the normal eye. A method of study.

The number, as well as the structure, of connective tissue mast cells was studied in various ocular tissues, and comparisons were made with non-ocular tissues in four species. The posterior choroid of the eye of several laboratory animals contained very many mast cells. These could readily be demonstrated in whole mounts of the entire uvea stained with toluidine blue at pH 1·6. Cells could be counted and their morphology could be readily studied by this method. A greater number of mast cells per unit area was found in the posterior uvea than in peritoneal or pericardial membranes. The high concentration in the posterior region contrasted sharply with that in the iris, which was nearly devoid of mast cells in all of the species studied. The ocular mast cells were readily degranulated by a histamine liberator, compound B.W. 48–80 (a condensation product of p-methoxyphenethylmethylamine and formaldehyde), indicating that they are similar, in this respect, to mast cells in other connective tissues. The uvea of a carnivore (ferret), in contrast to that of the rodent, contained very few mast cells, although they were normally abundant in non-ocular tissues.
Hardware evolution of analog circuits for in-situ robotic fault-recovery

We present a method for evolving and implementing artificial neural networks (ANNs) on field programmable analog arrays (FPAAs). These FPAAs offer the small size and low power usage desirable for space applications. We use two cascaded FPAAs to create a two layer ANN. Then, starting from a population of random settings for the network, we are able to evolve an effective controller for several different robot morphologies. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method by evolving two types of ANN controllers: one for biped locomotion and one for restoration of mobility to a damaged quadruped. Both robots exhibit nonlinear properties, making them difficult to control. All candidate controllers are evaluated in hardware; no simulation is used.
Sustaining the State: Legal Consciousness and the Construction of Legality in Competing Abortion Activists' Narratives

This article investigates how activists involved in both sides of the street politics of abortion simultaneously create, are constrained by, and use law when recounting a period of conflict that resulted in litigation. The activists‐turned‐litigants' construction of legality is explored by identifying and analyzing patterns of inclusion, absence, amendment, and type of law (i.e., state or extrastate) in and across the stories they tell. It is found that even though there are multiple reasons to expect all of these activists to resist or amend the state's conception of law, their narratives ultimately reproduce state law's legitimacy and power. The activists' stories also illustrate that legal consciousness is contextually and experientially based and is therefore subject to change. This finding has implications for legal mobilization as well as for the nature of legal consciousness.
Is thinking an action

I argue that entertaining a proposition is not an action. Such events do not have intentional explanations and cannot be evaluated as rational or not. In these respects they contrast with assertions and compare well with perceptual events. One can control what one thinks by doing something, most familiarly by reciting a sentence. But even then the event of entertaining the proposition is not an action, though it is an event one has caused to happen, much as one might cause oneself to see a book by looking at it. I also discuss how this may support the view that thinking about the world is a source of information about it.
Improving coverage performance in sensor networks by using mobile sensors

Sensor networks hold the promise of facilitating large-scale, real-time data processing in complex environments. Most existing researches on sensor networks consider networks where all sensors are static nodes. We propose to improve sensor network performance by deploying a small number of mobile sensors in addition to a large number of static sensors. In this paper, we present a distributed solution that utilizes a small number of mobile sensors to improve coverage performance in sensor networks. The distributed solution includes distributed schemes for: 1) determining the boundary of a coverage hole; 2) determining the number and locations of mobile sensors for covering a hole; and 3) calling mobile sensors. We design simulation experiments to evaluate the performance of three algorithms that determine the number and locations of mobile sensors for covering a hole. Our experiments show that the integer linear programming algorithm achieves the best results with the cost of high computation requirement, while the other two heuristic algorithms achieve good sub-optimal results with small computation requirement.
Bioterrorism: A clear and present danger

The anthrax attacks in the United States, juxtaposed against the September 11 terrorist attacks on New York and Washington, DC, have transformed a theoretical threat to stark reality. The biomedical research community will be an integral part of the preparation for, defense against and response to bioterrorism
The 2010 U.S. health reform legislation: Evaluating the experiment

In the early part of 2010, the United States Congress enacted, and President Barack Obama signed into law, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) [18]. This massive (more than a thousand pages) piece of federal legislation purports to reform the entire American health care financing and delivery enterprise in ways that will demonstrably improve the quality of health care and its accessibility and affordability for the populace. In widespread public debates and private arguments about the PPACA, both while a multitude of different versions were under legislative consideration and since enactment of the final Act, contrasting claims have been made by proponents and opponents regarding specific projected results of the Act’s passage and implementation. Even though (shamefully) members of Congress openly (in some cases almost proudly) admitted that they had not read, and did not know the contents of, the bill upon which they were voting, legislators on both sides of the aisle were influenced – to whatever extent they were not driven by pure politics – by their respective assumptions about the specific salutary or deleterious effects that they expected to emanate over time from the changes made by the PPACA. In many respects, the a priori assumptions of both PPACA advocates and critics rested more heavily on ideological faith and gut instinct than on carefully informed reasoning. As elegantly enunciated by an official of the American College of Physicians:
Knee Instability and Basic and Advanced Function Decline in Knee Osteoarthritis

Objective Manifestations of instability in knee osteoarthritis (OA) include low overall knee confidence, low confidence that the knees will not buckle, buckling, and excessive motion during gait. Confidence and buckling may particularly influence activity choices, contributing to events leading to disability. Buckling is more likely to affect advanced than basic functional tasks. In this prospective longitudinal study, we tested the hypothesis that overall knee confidence, buckling confidence, buckling, and frontal plane motion during gait are associated with advanced 2-year function outcomes in persons with knee OA. Methods Persons with knee OA were queried about overall knee confidence (higher score = worse confidence), buckling confidence, and knee buckling, and underwent quantitative gait analysis to quantify varus–valgus excursion and angular velocity. Physical function was assessed using the Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument Basic and Advanced Lower Extremity Domain scores. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the relationship between baseline instability measures and baseline-to-2-year function outcome, adjusting for potential confounders. Results The sample was comprised of 212 persons (mean age 64.6 years, 76.9% women). Buckling was significantly associated with poor advanced function outcome (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 2.08, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.03–4.20) but not basic function outcome. Overall knee confidence was significantly associated with advanced outcome (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.01–2.70), while associations between buckling confidence and both outcomes approached significance. Neither varus–valgus excursion nor angular velocity during gait was associated with either outcome. Conclusion Knee buckling and low knee confidence were each associated with poor 2-year advanced function outcomes. Current treatment does not address these modifiable factors; interventions to address them may improve outcome in knee OA.
Blood volume variation during labor and early puerperium

Abstract In recent years much interest has centered on the apparent discrepancy between visible and calculated blood loss following delivery. 1–5 These authors are in close agreement that the whole blood loss as determined by several different methods exceeds by far the estimated or measured visible blood loss at the time of delivery. In none of these previous investigations has an attempt been made to measure blood volume changes during the course of labor and the early puerperium. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to determine the plasma volume variation in normal patients during this particular time interval.
Electrochemical-Mechanistic Model for Concrete Cover Cracking Due to Corrosion Initiated by Chloride Diffusion

A holistic electrochemical-mechanistic model of the corrosion of steel reinforcing bars inside concrete that accounts for the diffusion of oxygen and moisture into the concrete and rust layers, the densification of rust due to confinement, the flow of rust into the concrete pores, the development of internal pressure due to rust buildup, and cracking of the concrete cover is presented. The relationship between the corrosion current and the pressure buildup due to the corrosion products for different concrete cover thicknesses and concrete quality was calibrated through experiments using an accelerated corrosion test with an applied current. Results from finite-element analysis with an inelastic smeared crack concrete model were used to calibrate a simple analytical model of the critical internal pressure required to cause cracking of the concrete cover. The various submodels are linked together to predict the time for cracking of the concrete cover from the time of corrosion initiation. Results of parametric studies using the model indicate that the main factors that control the corrosion current and the time to cracking are the boundary condition, water-cement ratio, and concrete cover.
The reversal of the inhibitory phase of 2,4-dinitrophenol by suitable buffers

Abstract The respiration of intact ascites tumor cells incubated in Krebs-Ringer phosphate in the presence of glucose is increased by 2,4-dinitrophenol at a concentration of 10−5M but decreased at a concentration of 10−4M. The mechanism of the inhibitory action is unknown. Evidence is presented indicating that the inhibition observed at high concentrations of dinitrophenol is a consequence of the high rate of hexose phosphorylation. When the concentration of phosphate or Tris buffer is adequate to maintain the pH of the medium, dinitrophenol stimulates respiration even at the higher concentration levels. Under these conditions the stimulatory effect is proportional to the concentration of dinitrophenol. Furthermore, the respiratory inhibition induced by dinitrophenol at 10−4M in Krebs-Ringer phosphate can be reversed after 30 min. of incubation by further additions of phosphate or Tris buffer.
Haploid extraction inSolanum tuberosum group Andigena

Haploids were extracted from 66 differentSolanum tuberosum Group Andigena introductions usingS. tuberosum Group Phureja clone 1.22 as pollinator. The overall frequency of haploids was 13 per 100 fruit, with a high of 106. The overall average number of seeds per fruit was 1.4. Some Group Andigena clones produced primarily haploid, others primarily triploid, and still others primarily tetraploid progeny. The “triploid block” is still evident in these materials even though some clones produce primarily triploid progeny. It is suggested that the ploidy level of progeny produced in 4x - 2x crosses may be under relatively simple genetic control.
Design and performance of a robust 180 nm CMOS standalone VCO and the integrated PLL

The design details of a low power/wide tuning range phase locked loop (PLL) is presented in 180 nm CMOS together with the simulated and post fabrication measured performance. The PLL has been specifically designed for applications requiring a wide tuning range (1.55---2.28 GHz) while maintaining low power consumption (18 mW) and good phase noise (?100.9 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz). The tuning range represents significant improvement over other reported PLL CMOS implementations. To illustrate the robustness of the architecture, a 90 nm CMOS design is included with a 5.8---9.45 GHz tuning range (48%), phase noise of ?111.7 dBc/Hz, and power consumption of 18.6 mW. The stand alone voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and the PLL were fabricated on a single 180 nm die providing a unique opportunity to analyze and measure both the stand alone VCO phase noise performance and the integrated PLL phase noise performance. The contributions to the PLL phase noise (phase detector, charge pump, VCO, divider, and reference source) are delineated and both the theoretical and measured PLL phase noise performance is discussed. Design tradeoffs are included such as effect of loop bandwidth on phase noise contributions.
Differential Patterns of Expression of the Arabidopsis PHYB, PHYD, and PHYE Phytochrome Genes

The Arabidopsis thaliana phyB, phyD, and phyE phytochrome apoproteins show higher amino acid sequence similarity to each other than to phyA or phyC, they are the most recently evolved members of this photoreceptor family, and they may interact in regulating photomorphogenesis. The expression patterns of translational fusions of the 5' upstream regions of the PHYB, PHYD, and PHYE genes to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding sequence were compared. PD-GUS and PE-GUS fusions were 5- to 10-fold less active than a PB-GUS fusion, but all three promoter regions drove expression of the reporter gene in all stages of the plant's life cycle. Over the first 10 d of seedling growth, the PHYB and PHYD promoters were more active in the dark than in the light, whereas the opposite was true of the PHYE promoter. Unlike the PB-GUS construct, which was expressed in most parts of seedlings and mature plants, the PD-GUS and PE-GUS transgenes showed differential expression, notably in leaves, flower organs, and root tips. Tissue sections showed that the three promoters are coexpressed in at least some leaf cells. Hence, the PHYB, PHYD, and PHYE genes differ in expression pattern but these patterns overlap and interaction of these receptor forms within individual cells is possible.
A Stochastic Analysis of Power Doubling Time for a Subcritical System

The power doubling time for a subcritical system is identified as a stochastic first-passage time problem. Using stochastic point kinetics equations, relations for the mean doubling time and the standard deviation in doubling time are derived. It is shown that the power doubling time for a subcritical system is independent of whether the system is fast or thermal, weakly depends on source strength, and is approximately proportional to the inverse of the reactivity for small negative values of the reactivity.
Deprivation levels and conditioned suppression.

Svmmory.-Increases in body weight and decreases in the pre-experimental session deprivation times increased the severity of previously established conditioned suppression for a rat. The degree of operant suppression resulting from the body weight and deprivation time manipulations differentially affected response rates during successive segments of the preshock stimulus. Conditioned suppression describes the attenuation of a positively reinforced operant by a stimulus which precedes an inescapable and unavoidable responseindependent electric foot shock (Estes & Skinner, 1941). The recent reviews of Davis (1968) and Lyon (1968) summarize the major aspects of the conditioned suppression literature. Although the Pavlovian variables of relevance to conditioned suppression as well as those (incentive) variables pertaining to the maintenance of the referent operant have received extensive parametric investigation, deprivation level for the reinforcer maintaining the operant has never received explicit treatment. Estes and Skinner (1941) reported that, for rats, the degree of conditioned suppression decreased as the level of food deprivation was increased. At the low dep rivation level, however, the baseline response rates reported by Estes and Skinner were severely depressed (approx. 1.5 resp/min) and the suppressive effect of the preshock stimulus is difficult to determine from their data. Pavlov (1927, p. 101) reported the disruption of a delayed salivary response in a dog by increasing the "physiological significance of the conditioned stimulus through deprivation of food." If, as Kamin ( 1965, p. 120) suggests, the conditioned suppression paradigm "pits 'hunger' agains~ 'fear'," decreasing the deprivation for food might be expected to increase the significance of electric shock and increase suppression to the preshock stimulus. Likewise, increasing deprivation would be expected to decrease suppression. The significance of food may be relatively altered by varying the shock intensity level (Kamin, 1965 ) . Dinsmoor ( 1952 ) found that punishment of a food reinforced lever-press response was less effective when rats were severely food deprived than when they were maintained under moderate deprivation levels. Similarly, Azrin, Holz, and Hake (1.963) reported that the suppressive effects of punishment could be virtually cancelled by increasing the deprivation level for the reinforcer maintaining the operant. Despite such "obvious" expectations regarding the results, the present study directly investigated the effects of increases in body weight and decreases in the
Stability of the Demand for Money in the Middle East

Previous studies that have estimated the money demand function in Middle Eastern countries employed either traditional estimation techniques or recently popularized cointegration techniques. The first group suffers from spurious regression problems; the second group interprets cointegration as a sign of stability of the estimated parameters. Without a comprehensive study in the literature about the Middle East, this paper incorporates the cumulative sum and cumulative sum squared tests into cointegration analysis and shows that in the majority of the countries in the sample, the demand for money (M2) is stable.
Are Entrepreneur-Led Companies Better? Evidence from Publicly Traded U.S. Companies: 1998-2010

Do U.S. publicly-traded companies led by entrepreneurs perform better than nonentrepreneur-led U.S. public companies? Our data suggests they do. We analyze monthly stock returns of U.S. publicly traded companies over the time period 1998-2010 and find compelling evidence demonstrating that irrespective of market capitalization and time period, companies led by U.S. entrepreneurs provide better stock performance than several stock market indices primarily comprised of non-entrepreneur-led U.S. companies.
Assessment of transcript polyadenylation by 3' RACE: the response of epidermal growth factor messenger ribonucleic acid to thyroid hormone in the thyroid and submaxillary glands.

The complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence of epidermal growth factor (EGF) indicates that its 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) is 745 bases long, with polyadenylation occurring at residue 4749. However, when we used reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with an anchored 3' primer [3'rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)] to amplify the 3' ends of cDNA, we actually detected two major products [800 and 600 base pairs (bp)] and a minor product (400 bp) in the thyroid or submaxillary glands (SMGs) of male mice. Analysis of genomic DNA with a battery of primer pairs gave only the predicted PCR products from the 3' UTR, demonstrating the lack of introns in this region of genomic DNA and eliminating alternate splicing as the explanation of the transcript diversity we detected. We confirmed that two potential polyadenylation sites proximal to residue 4749 are used in vivo by hybridizing the same 3' RACE products with probes specific for the 5' end of the 3' UTR, and also for poly-A tails. To assess the distribution of poly-A tail lengths on transcripts using the terminal polyadenylation site (4749), we used several different approaches to analyze 3' RACE products. Solution hybridization with 3' UTR probes revealed a striking difference between transcripts in SMG and thyroid: SMG contained two large 3' RACE populations (approximately 770 and 870 bp), whereas thyroid only contained one (approximately 770 bp). EGF transcript heterogeneity due to different poly-A tail lengths was confirmed using an upstream primer 400 bases closer to the 3' end of the 3' UTR, and TaqI digestion. Again we found two major populations in SMG (approximately 380 and 480 bp), but only one (380 bp) in thyroid, which upon TaqI digestion showed tissue-specific heterogeneity only in the 3' fragment. T4 treatment of male mice (0.25 microgram T4/gm ip) increased the intensity of both populations in SMG and the smaller population in thyroid within 24 h. However, after a week of T4 injections, only the intensity of the population with the longer poly-A tails in the SMG remained elevated, a finding consistent with tissue-specific enhanced stability of transcripts due to polyadenylation. Finally, to resolve poly-A tail lengths more precisely, we used an upstream primer that was specific for the 3' end of murine 3' UTR. This approach revealed that the thyroid contains three major populations of EGF transcripts, with poly-A tail lengths of approximately 20, 50, and 70 A's. After T3 treatment for 24 h, the intensity of transcripts containing 20 A's increased 52% (P or = 70 A's. On the other hand, there were no distinct bands in SMG samples, but rather a heterogeneous distribution of poly-A tail lengths from approximately 20-120 A's that showed an overall increase of approximately 60% in response to T3.
Toxoplasma Serology Mismatch with Increased Mortality? Clarifying the Literature

s S179 transplant patients are offered and receive the seasonal influenza vaccination; where they are being vaccinated; the reasons why patients are not receiving their vaccination. Methods: We conducted a prospective survey of all patients attending cardiothoracic transplant outpatients at the Freeman Hospital (Newcastle, UK) between January 2012-March 2012 and March 2013-September 2013. Results: Table 1 shows the percentage of patients surveyed who received their seasonal influenza vaccination broken down by year and transplant type. Family doctors vaccinated 98% of the patients in 2012 and 99% in 2013. The rest were either vaccinated through their work or local hospital. In 2012, 31% of the patients who did not receive their vaccination had a legitimate exemption: too soon after transplant or unwell when vaccination due. This increased to 50% in 2013. Conclusion: National vaccination data collected by Public Health England shows a national vaccination rate of 51.3% in 2013 (51.6% in 2012) in at risk groups. Our results show a much higher vaccination rate amongst cardiothoracic transplant patients. The discrepancy between these statistics could reflect: different data collection methods, different populations surveyed, selection bias and reporting bias. The family doctors of Newcastle cardiothoracic transplant patients are recognising their patients’ seasonal influenza risk and offering appropriate vaccination. Cardiothoracic transplant patients are aware of the risks of influenza and are protecting themselves through vaccination. Table 1. Transplant patients who received seasonal influenza vaccination Season Heart Lung All 2011/2012 91% 88% 90% 2012/2013 86% 95% 92%
Understanding different precipitation seasonality regimes from water vapor and temperature fields: Case studies

[1] Different precipitation seasonality regimes, although produced by different surface and atmospheric conditions, can be understood from the basic atmospheric fields. By comparing the change of water vapor from winter to summer with the change of temperature using the NARR reanalysis, three seasonality cases over the United States and Mexico are analyzed. In the western coast of the U.S., the change of temperature from winter to summer is much greater than the change of water vapor. So, relative to summer, the coldness of the winter air is much more significant than the dryness, which makes the winter have a large saturation extent and thus precipitation. In contrast, over South Mexico, the much more significant moistness of the summer air than its warmness is important to the summer monsoon precipitation. In the southeastern U.S. where precipitation occurs throughout the year, the changes of water vapor and temperature are roughly equivalent.
Siblings' Reactions to Parental Divorce

Because previous studies of children and divorce have typically included only one child per family, little is known about how siblings in the same family experience their parents' divorce. Three samples, totalling 49 pairs of white middle-class adolescent and preadolescent first-born and second-born siblings whose parents were separated no more than 24 months, were studied to assess the relation between siblings' divorce adjustment and the relation between siblings' general behavioral adjustment. Siblings' self-reports and custodial mothers' ratings of each sibling were obtained. For both sets of data, siblings' scores were positively related; when differences were found, older siblings were better adjusted than younger siblings. Based on siblings' self-report scores, relative to younger siblings, older siblings had a better understanding of the divorce, fewer problematic beliefs regarding the divorce, a better understanding of conflict resolution, and a more internal locus of control. Relative to boy/boy...
Worksite health programs: A significant cost-cutting approach

O ver the past few years, malor corporanons have been sharing s~gmficant amounts of envu'onmental information that include manufacturing techmques Neither the corporanons themselves nor the government seem to oblect to sharing mformanon that could affect profits Another example of shared reformation concerns works~te health programs, whmh can also affect profits. The com m on denominator be tween environmental and works~te health programs is not only cost cutting but also the health and welfare of human bemgs Medical costs have increased at a faster rate for business than m general In 1973, business was responsd~le for 16 percent of the total bill Esnmates were that business would pay 35-40 percent of a $1 tnlhon total by 1993. Human resource managers should have a vested interest in wellness programs to control nsmg health care costs. Ever-increasing international competi t ion is encouraging corporations to focus on the potential economm yield of employee fitness programs Pubhshed reports suggest mlprovement of corporate image, facilitation of recrum~ent, ,ncrease m the quahty and quantity of production, decreased absenteeism, reduced turnover, lower health care costs, and fewer mdusmal mlunes The purpose of th~s article ~s to present research, examples, and cost-benefit analysis techmques as a basis for recommending the inclusion of works~te health programs as a permanent part of both private and pubhc sector orgamzations The National Survey of Works~te Health Promorion md~cates that 66 percent of all worksltes with more than 50 employees sponsor some type of health p romonon A growing hterature documents the potennal of well-formulated health promotion programs to decrease health care costs m the workplace Mulnple stu&es have shown substantial decreases m the number of sick clays, outpanent costs, and hospitalization costs as a result Many stuches use randomized or parallel control groups m sunilar plants or facdmes for soundness of experimental or quash-experimental design Sawngs have frequently been confirmed Although they are not without costs, worksite programs can increase both your employees" health and your firm's bottom line.
Are Teachers Tracked? On what Basis and with what Consequences

In this analysis I consider Finley's (1984) model of the teacher track assignment process using the 1990–1991 Schools and Staffing Survey, a large national database with a unique measure of teacher course assignments. I test the hypothesis that rather than being random, or based on ascriptive characteristics, teachers are sorted into classrooms based on a combination of legitimate criteria, including seniority, educational credentials, and motivation. I find that this is largely the case, with the exception that low track teachers often have more training in teaching methods than high track teachers. These findings suggest that teacher tracking contributes to two phenomena, institutional resistance to core changes in the structure of student tracking, and the magnification of inequalities in opportunity to learn produced by tracking.
V‐sis induces Egr‐1 expression by a pathway mediated by c‐Ha‐ras

The early growth response gene, Egr-1, is up-regulated transiently by mitogens and many other simuli in all cells tested. Using NIH3T3 cells conditionally expressing v-sis from a metallothionein promoter, we show that the addition of Zn2+ stimulates the production of PDGF-B(v-sis) and elicits the expression of Egr-1 in a dose-dependent and time-regulated manner. The signal is likely independent of protein kinase C, but depends on tyrosine kinase and other kinase activities and is mediated by c-Ha-Ras since the presence of dominant-negative mutants of Ras and Raf abrogates the induction of Egr-1 expression by Zn2+. Transiently activated Ras expression in NIH3T3 cells also stimulates the transient expression of Egr-1, but cells that constitutively express Rass do not have elevated levels of Egr-1. Transient assays also demonstrated that Zn2+ or activated Ras expression stimulated the activity of a 950 bp Egr-1 promoter-reporter gene construct and this is abrogated in the presence of mutant Ras and Raf. The accumulated data show that Egr-1 gene expression is regulated by multiple mechanisms, as would be needed for putative role in Cell proliferation, in suppression of transformation and in differentiation.
A Qualitative Study of Tobacco Dependence Treatment in 19 US Dental Hygiene Programs.

INTRODUCTION The US Public Health Service calls for health professionals to provide tobacco dependence counseling for patients. The purpose of this study was to understand how dental hygiene programs make decisions about and provide training for tobacco dependence counseling to help them graduate more fully competent hygienists. METHODS We conducted interviews (N = 32) with mainly program and clinic directors from 19 US dental hygiene education programs for this qualitative case study. We explored fluoride therapy training and tooth whitening training for comparison. Two analysts summarized the transcripts into a case study for each program. RESULTS All programs reported a similar process of learning about and choosing a method for teaching the topics explored. The programs used a common process, ADPIE (assess, diagnose, plan, implement, evaluate), to structure students'clinical encounters. Almost all programs train students to ask about tobacco use and to advise quitting, but few programs train students to effectively help patients to quit and only 2 programs evaluated the competence of all students to provide such training. ADPIE shows promise for integrating tobacco dependence treatment more fully into the clinical training of dental hygiene students. Comparison to tooth whitening and fluoride therapy training indicated that complexity of the treatment and alignment with dental hygiene's mission were themes related to training decisions. CONCLUSION Full implementation of tobacco dependence counseling into dental hygiene education requires a commitment by dental hygiene educators to train students and faculty in counseling techniques and their evaluation. We identified an existing clinical structure as showing promise for facilitating improvement.
A susceptibility gene for kidney disease in an obese mouse model of type II diabetes maps to chromosome 8

Most mouse models of diabetes do not fully reproduce features of human diabetic nephropathy, limiting their utility in inferring mechanisms of human disease. Here we performed detailed phenotypic and genetic characterization of leptin-receptor (Lepr) deficient mice on the FVB/NJ background (FVBdb/db), an obese model of type II diabetes, to determine their suitability to model human diabetic nephropathy. These mice have sustained hyperglycemia, significant albuminuria and characteristic diabetic renal findings including mesangial sclerosis and nodular glomerulosclerosis after 6 months of age. In contrast, equally obese, hyperglycemic Lepr/Sur1 deficient C57BL/6J (Sur1 has defective insulin secretion) mice have minimal evidence of nephropathy. A genome-wide scan in 165 Lepr deficient backcross progeny derived from FVB/NJ and C57BL/6J identified a major locus influencing nephropathy and albuminuria on chromosome 8B1-C5 (Dbnph1 locus, peak lod score 5.0). This locus was distinct from those contrasting susceptibility to beta cell hypertrophy and HIV-nephropathy between the same parental strains, indicating specificity to diabetic kidney disease. Genome-wide expression profiling showed that high and low risk Dbnph1 genotypes were associated with significant enrichment for oxidative phosphorylation and lipid clearance, respectively; molecular pathways shared with human diabetic nephropathy. Hence, we found that the FVBdb/db mouse recapitulates many clinical, histopathological and molecular features of human diabetic nephropathy. Identifying underlying susceptibility gene(s) and downstream dysregulated pathways in these mice may provide insight into the disease pathogenesis in humans.
High-temperature free-energy expansion for metal fluids

The cluster expansion of the Helmholtz free energy is based on two-body interactions through a central potential $\ensuremath{\varphi}(r)$. For a fluid at fixed density, it is shown that the cluster expansion provides a convergent high-temperature expansion of the free energy. Because $\ensuremath{\varphi}(r)$ for a liquid metal depends explicitly on the density, the corresponding cluster expansion of the pressure differs from the ordinary virial series. For a physically realistic interaction, $\ensuremath{\varphi}(r)$ is integrable at small $r$. From this it follows that the two-body-interaction contributions to thermodynamic functions for realistic fluids are bounded at high temperatures. In contrast, for potentials such as Lennard-Jones which are not integrable at small $r$, these thermodynamic contributions increase without limit as the temperature increases.
A Framework for the Analysis of Error in Conjunctive, Multi‐Criteria, Satisficing Decision Processes*

This paper examines the impact of certain types of error on ad hoc, unstructured decision making that incorporates a satisficing strategy in a multi-criteria context using the conjunctive rule. The impacts of error in evaluation and of error in minimal or satisficing levels are systematically modelled for each of the decision criteria. Error functions, analytical expressions, and procedures are developed to obtain information such as the likelihood of correct decision making in the presence of evaluation and minimal criteria level error. These are applied to a specific research design, which is then analyzed. This highlights certain features of decision making in a satisficing context, such as the importance of keeping the number of decision criteria to a minimum. The results yield various insights, some of which confirm information obtained from previous analyses. A major advantage of the framework presented is that it can provide quantitative measurements which support ideas previously couched in qualitative terms only. Although the framework is applied in the context of decision making that uses the conjunctive rule in the case of multiple criteria, other satisficing strategies can be accommodated as well.
Towards 60GHz wireless switching interconnect

In the era of cloud computing and high performance computing clusters, interconnection networks are in high demand and have many applications including data center networks. Typically, nodes of interconnects are placed in a closed room and are connected using a set of wires through one or more high-end switches with little or no reconfigurability to the interconnect. In this paper, we present a design of wireless switching interconnects using 60GHz technology. The Gigabit, point-to-point and extremely directional links in the 60GHz band are used to replace wired connections in such a network to provide flexibility and reconfigurability. We extend our previous investigation where a high level node placement technique was discussed to arrange nodes into a closed polygon. Here we present an initial design for exact arrangement and placement of the fat-tree nodes, suitable for small to medium size wireless switching interconnects. We argue that creating a completely wireless interconnect is viable, and present mathematical equations and a proof to support the claim.
On the turbidity of silica gels: Aggregation in the presence of coulomb interactions

Abstract Silica gels are readily formed by the hydrolysis and condensation of a dilute solution of a silicon alcoxide under acidic or basic conditions. Sols formed from basic solutions of tetramethoxysilicon, where the hydrolysis products (silicic acids) are negatively charged, condense very slowly and yield rigid, transparent gels. However, we have found that the addition of small amounts of salt catalyzes the reaction by several orders of magnitude, and leads to opaque gels. We present a quasielastic and elastic light scattering study of the growth and structure of silica clusters that indicates that the increase in the turbidity is due to an increase in the fractal dimension of the dilute sol, due in turn to the ionic screening of Coulomb interactions.
Evaluation of CIGS cell interconnection methods

To achieve desired voltage output, conventional solar panels have been fabricated using tab ribbons and soldering techniques to form the serial cell interconnection. This method is also adapted in CIGS and other thin film solar cells. Limitations of this interconnect technology has challenges relating to yield, reliability, and costs related to manufacturing processes and power loss due to grid shading along with cell packing density. Alternative cell interconnection methods have been under development. Several of these CIGS cell interconnection methods are evaluated including the use of silver loaded electrically conductive adhesive to attach the ribbon, shingle overlap and wire overlay type approaches. It is shown that the replacement of the traditional tab and string interconnect used by the silicon wafer module production by a higher packing density module design with low grid coverage can result in an increase in module performance by over 20%.
Cation movements across mouse red blood cells

This paper describes some features of the Na and K transport systems in red cells obtained from B10.A mice. When mouse erythrocytes were incubated in a plasma-like control medium, the scillaren-sensitive Na efflux was 3.6 +/- 0.4 mmol/l red blood cells per h while the scillaren-sensitive K influx was 3.1 +/- 0.3, values not significantly different from ech other. Scillaren had no significant effect on either Na influx or K efflux. There was a large (approx. 3 mmol/l red blood cells per h) scillaren-sensitive, Na-Na exchange diffusion component present under K-free conditions. When K was present in the incubation medium, this exchange system was suppressed.
A dynamically segmented bus architecture

Abstract This work presents a dynamically segmented bus (DS-Bus) architecture for disturbed systems as an alternative to existing architectures, such as multi-bus, multi-stage network, or hyper-cube connection. Design considerations of the DS-Bus arbiter, as the key component on the DS-Bus, are discussed. A specific design of the arbiter is given with a resolution time proportional to the number of grants. Analysis of DS-Bus contention is carried out by analytic methods and by simulation. Formulas are derived for parameters such as accept rate, capacity, inter-communication delay, and bandwidth of the DS-Bus. As with other architectures, the performance of the DS-Bus is application sensitive. It will be shown, by comparison, that the DS-Bus architecture is a good approach to organize a large scale parallel computing machine. Finally, a large scale DS-Bus system design is proposed.