cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer-based management of duration of accompanying delivery

Objective To improve the work effectiveness and the nursing quality of accompanying delivery. Methods The total time of each delivery attendant as well as the time at different duty shift was accurately computed using data pro cessing program based on Excel. The average attending time each month in 434 cas es in October 2004 was compared by computer and manually. Results The time spen t on computing the accompanying time for each case among the 434 cases using com puters was (0.5±1.6)min, while the time manually was(6.0±0.7)min,U test showin g significant difference between the two computing methods (U=156,P0.01). Concl usion Use of computers to process the monthly data of accompanying time can help managing staff to shorten the time for statistics and thus turn their atte ntion to the management of accompanying delivery so as to increase the nursing q uality. Reasonable computation and processing can be used as an effective index of the quantified management in accompanying delivery.
Phase-less measurement methods of CP antennas in sub-mm-wave and THz bands

In summary, we showed a novel approach to conduct difficult CP-gain measurements at mm-wave frequencies using a practical and simple yet affordable method. The proposed method eliminates the need of moving expensive equipment and also reduces the cost of alignment set-up or downconverter probes. Since there is no phase relation between the two steps of the measurements, the method proves to be increasingly advantageous for sub-mm-wave and terahertz frequencies. Using the proposed method, CP-gain measurements in sub-mm-wave band has been made possible, a result yet to be found in literature. For increasing frequency bands, e.g. terahertz band, the technique is the only viable solution for CP gain measurements.
Case 41: Should You Do a Pilot Study in This Proposed Trial?

An evaluation of an outpatient education program was proposed and designed by a senior member of staff. You, as a junior academic member of the department, are put in charge of this 2-year study. The trial involves four hospitals in the same district. Patients with chronic bowel disorders are enrolled with their informed consent. In two hospitals, the patients are given a new educational program related to their disease, administered by a nurse coordinator. In the other two hospitals, the patients are not given a program. All patients are given two depression and anxiety tests. In the group that gets the educational program, the tests will be a pre- and post assessment. This is to ascertain any change in their depression and anxiety.
Single-Molecule Kinetics of Protein Adsorption on Thin Nylon-6,6 Films

Understanding and controlling protein adsorption on surfaces is critical to a range of biological and materials applications. Kinetic details that provide the equilibrium and nonequilibrium mechanisms are difficult to acquire. In this work, single-molecule fluorescence microscopy was used to study the adsorption of Alexa 555 labeled α-lactalbumin (α-LA) on two chemically identical but morphologically different polymer surfaces: flat and porous nylon-6,6 thin films. The adsorption kinetics of spatially resolved single molecule α-LA binding to nylon films were quantified by a monolayer adsorption model. The surface morphology of the porous nylon-6,6 films increased the number of adsorption sites but decreased the binding affinity compared to the flat films. Such single-molecule based kinetic studies may be extended to various protein-polymer interactions.
Managing complications resulting from limited prosthetic space with a monolithic, multichromatic CAD-CAM implant-retained overdenture: A dental technique

This article proposes a 2-visit clinical protocol to manage prosthodontic complications resulting from limited prosthetic space, using a monolithic, multichromatic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) acrylic resin implant overdenture. The advantages and limitations of using this approach are outlined and discussed.
A diffusion model to explain and forecast freeway breakdown and delay

The chance that a freeway will breakdown, transition from a free-flow to a congested state, is normally assumed to increase with an increase in traffic volume V (vehicles per unit time). In this paper, this assumption is challenged. Traffic density K (vehicles per unit length) proves to be a better predictor. Diffusion or stochastic differential equation (SDE) modeling is used to substantiate the claim. SDE modeling is especially useful in explaining the role that traffic noise (volatility) plays in breakdown. The SDE models take advantage of the unique properties of the geometric Brownian motion (gBM) and Ornstein-Uhlenbeck (OU) model structures. The breakdown probability model of π (K) and delay models provide accurate forecasts.
Cutaneous Vesicostomy: A Useful Form of Temporary Diversion in Children

Urinary diversion is not often required in children. Initial enthusiasm for permanent forms of diversion, especially intestinal conduits, has tempered recently with improved reconstructive techniques and the initiation of intermittent catheterization in the management of neurogenic bladder. However, occasionally, temporary diversion still affords the best means of preserving renal function and allowing ultimate reconstruction in a child with uropathology. In our experience vesicostomy has been a successful and simple procedure for temporary diversion in selected children with vesical or urethral disorders. The technique is simple, tubeless, easy to manage and readily reversible. We have reviewed 24 vesicostomies performed in children at our institution during the last 5 years. The results have been overwhelmingly successful and satisfactory. Cutaneous vesicostomy is our preferred form of diversion in selected children who suffer complications of bladder dysfunction until the potential of the bladder can be determined and a definitive plan of management can be established. The specific surgical technique as well as results and complications are discussed.
Screening in toddlers and preschoolers at risk for autism spectrum disorder: Evaluating a novel mobile-health screening tool.

There are many available tools with varying levels of accuracy designed to screen for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in young children, both in the general population and specifically among those referred for developmental concerns. With burgeoning waitlists for comprehensive diagnostic ASD assessments, finding accurate methods and tools for advancing diagnostic triage becomes increasingly important. The current study compares the efficacy of four oft used paper and pencil measures, the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers Revised with Follow-up, the Social Responsiveness Scale, Second Edition, and the Social Communication Questionnaire, and the Child Behavior Checklist to a novel mobile-health screening tool developed by Cognoa, Inc. (Cognoa) in a group of children 18-72 months of age. The Cognoa tool may have potential benefits as it integrates a series of parent-report questions with remote clinical ratings of brief video segments uploaded via parent's smartphones to calculate level of ASD risk. Participants were referred to one of three tertiary care diagnostic centers for ASD-related concerns (n = 230) and received a best estimate ASD diagnosis. Analysis and comparison of psychometric properties indicated potential advantages for Cognoa within this clinical sample across age ranges not often covered by another single measure/tool. Autism Res 2018, 11: 1038-1049. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay summary With the wait times getting longer for comprehensive Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) diagnostic assessments, it is becoming increasingly important to find accurate tools to screen for ASD. The current study compares four screening measures that have been in use for some time to a novel mobile-health screening tool, called Cognoa. The Cognoa tool is novel because it integrates parent-report questions with clinical ratings of brief video segments uploaded via parent's smartphones to calculate ASD risk. Two hundred thirty children who were referred to one of three ASD specialty diagnostic centers to see if they had ASD participated in the study. A direct comparison indicated potential advantages for Cognoa not often covered by another single measure/tool.
Does time dull the pain? The impact of temporal contiguity on review extremity in the hotel context

Abstract This study aims to investigate how the time at which a hotel review is posted influences the hotel rating. Utilizing data collected from a major travel review website, the authors estimate a hierarchical linear regression that reveals a positive relationship between temporal contiguity (i.e., the closeness between the time of hotel stay and the time when a review is posted) and review extremity, as measured by deviation from the hotel’s average rating. Moreover, two moderating factors in this relationship are highlighted: experience valence and reviewer expertise. More specifically, the positive effect of temporal contiguity on review extremity is significant only for negative experiences, and this effect decreases as reviewer expertise increases. The major empirical results are further confirmed through robustness checks that apply a different range of temporal contiguity, alternative rules defining positive/negative valence, different estimation methods, and correction for endogeneity bias, respectively. Lastly, theoretical and practical implications are provided.
Das hydraulische Verhalten von Kreiselpumpen

Eine Untersuchung der Verluste von Kreiselpumpen kann aus folgenden Grunden unternommen werden:
Work and Family in a Cross-Cultural Context: A Comparative Review of Work-Family Experiences of Working Mothers in Australia and Zimbabwe

This chapter presents a qualitative comparative account of the day-to-day experiences of working mothers in sub-Saharan African (Zimbabwe) and Western (Australia) contexts. Evidence for the chapter is drawn from interviews conducted with a group of thirty women (15 in Adelaide, Australia and 15 in Harare, Zimbabwe) about their subjective experiences of negotiating between paid work and family. Specifically, the chapter not only documents new empirical evidence in this area in Zimbabwe but it also presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of the strategies and negotiations of working women in two culturally, economically, and socially diverse contexts. In the end, by juxtaposing African (Zimbabwean) woman’s experiences of work–family interface with those of her western (Australian) counterpart, highlighting and drawing out the commonalities of their experiences, the chapter affirms the complex nature of the work and family interface for women in Zimbabwe, whose work–family conflict experiences remain a neglected subject of research.
Sodium values of Chinese condiments and their use in sodium-restricted diets,

Counseling a Chinese patient on a low-sodium diet can be an arduous task for the dietitian. Special consideration of cultural beliefs, food preferences, and food practices must be incorporated into the individualized instruction. Equally important is the need for familiarity with the sodium values of frequently consumed foods and condiments indigenous to the Chinese population. To date, published sodium determinations for such items are quite limited. Representative samples of commonly used Chinese seasonings and sauces were collected. Analysis was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Many of the condiments often forbidden in the sodium-restricted diet contained less than 200 mg. sodium per teaspoon in all the samples tested. These included: sweet bean sauce, rinsed and unrinsed fermented black beans, hoisin sauce, satay sauce, fermented bean cake, and rinsed and unrinsed dried shrimp. These data can give the dietitian the option of calculating these often "forbidden" items into the sodium-restricted diet. Factors to be considered are the patient's typical meal pattern, situational needs, comprehension level, degree of compliance, and other available information.
Electronic Transport in Semiconductors at High Energies: Effects of the Energy Band Structure

A number of hot electron effects in semiconductors, related to device reliability, involve scattering and accelerations at very high energies and therefore are dominated by bandstructure effects. To describe these effects quantitatively it is necessary to go beyond the usual inclusion of non-parabolicity and to use a full bandstructure as calculated, for example, from the empirical pseudopotential method. Current Monte Carlo simulations of these effects develop in two major directions. Attempts are currently being made to avoid the uncertainties of a large number of deformation potential constants for the electron phonon interaction and to treat electron phonon interaction and bandstructure within a single framework. In addition efforts are continuing to include complex quantum effects such as collisional broadening and the intracollisional field effect. These developments are reviewed using the example of the theory of impact ionization as developed by Bude which is representative in many respects for general processes that exhibit a high energy threshold.
Dynamic Response of Homogeneous and Functionally Graded Foams When Subjected to Transient Loading by a Square Punch

In this work, failure response of structural syntactic foams subjected to dynamic square punch impact loading is studied. Experiments are being carried out on homogeneous and compositionally graded syntactic foam sheets. The former are made of hollow microballoons dispersed uniformly in an epoxy matrix at different volume fractions whereas in the latter the volume fraction of microballoons is spatially varied in the impact loading direction. An experimental set-up comprising of a long-bar apparatus is developed in conjunction with a gas-gun for subjecting unconstrained syntactic foam sheets to transient stress wave loading. Digital image correlation method and high-speed photography are used to measure time-resolved, inertia induced, in-plane deformations near the vicinity of the punch. The effects of volume fraction and spatial variation of microstructure on punch tip deformations are currently being studied. Feasibility of characterizing punch tip deformations using an analogous crack tip model is explored. Complementary finite element computations are also carried out using measured particle velocity in the long-bar as input boundary conditions.
Another unusual new gorgonian (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Plexauridae) from the Aleutian Islands of Alaska.

An unusual new species of plexaurid octocoral, Alaskagorgia splendicitrina , is described from a specimen collected in the far west Aleutian Island Archipelago, Alaska, USA. Unusual features that separate it from its only congener include: the vibrant yellow color of the live colony and an arborescent growth form with numerous coiling and twisting branches, the pale yellow color of the sclerites and the lack of small and densely warted double-headed sclerites. The new species is represented by only a single specimen despite extensive sampling in the region during the past several decades; the speculation is that it radiated from the much less explored region to the west.
Memory’s Method: Time, Space, and Remembrance in Caribbean Narratives

Storytelling has the power to transform and transplant an audience into a higher form of consciousness, presenting nuanced views and correcting inaccurate portrayals of people, places, and phenomena the world over. Analyzing how memory is used in the works of Maryse Conde (Tales from the Heart) and Edwidge Danticat (Breath, Eyes, Memory), the intent of this paper is twofold: first, to articulate the role of temporality, transnationalism, and traces of collective memory in form and content of their works, and second, to highlight the political function embedded in both texts, writing beyond self and opening a parentheses to challenge “one-sided historicity.” I argue that a contextual and holistic understanding of what I call the three Ts (temporality, transnationalism, and traces of memory) as interconnected and not separate elements, are essential in the processes of Conde and Danticat, and the presence of Antillean identity they depict. As a result, an act of social justice is forged through literary critical analysis to represent and re-inscribe Caribbean cultural identity onto the global map.
Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of LEED-certified home: Importance-performance analysis (IPA)

Abstract Despite immense increase in the number of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED)-certified homes since LEED for Home was launched in 2008, little is known about occupant satisfaction with the indoor environmental quality (IEQ) of LEED-certified homes. The purpose of this study is to examine the performance of IEQ in LEED-certified homes by measuring differences between occupant's perceived importance and performance using the importance-performance analysis (IPA) developed by Martilla and James [1]. A mail-in survey was conducted to evaluate the performance of 13 IEQs with residents living in LEED-certified homes in the Midwest. A total of 235 completed surveys were analyzed using gap analysis and both traditional IPA and alternative IPA matrices. The findings revealed that the highest priority for improvement should be given to temperature, air quality, and humidity as well as cleanliness and view. Daylight and artificial lighting did not show a performance gap. Acoustic quality was in low priority. The gap analysis and IPA matrices were effective tools to prioritize IEQs for improvement action and provide useful information for the future improvement of LEED-certified homes. By applying an IPA approach, this study provides a practical research framework that helps researchers examine the performance of green buildings and provides policy makers, building practitioners, and LEED professionals with more insightful feedback for their decision making on future green home projects and policies.
Revisiting Effects of Hunting on Mourning Dove Nest Survival

Abstract We reconstructed a historical dataset from a national mourning dove Zenaida macroura nesting study evaluating the effects of hunting on nesting birds during the September portion of the hu...
Abstract B15: Combination immunotherapy of murine prostate cancer using a Listeria-based PSA vaccine: Immune correlates of efficacy and resistance development

Combining immunotherapy and radiation has emerged as a promising strategy to boost efficacy of diverse immunotherapeutic agents including tumor vaccines. Immuno-radiotherapy uses radiation to increase antigen exposure and, potentially, to amplify and broaden immune responses triggered by tumor vaccines or checkpoint inhibitors. Here we explored the therapeutic potential of combining radiation therapy (RT) and a prostate cancer vaccine (ADXS-PSA) currently in clinical development. ADXS-PSA is a live-attenuated Listeria monocytogenes (Lm)-based vector expressing human PSA (Haas et al., J Immunother Cancer 2015:3(Suppl.2):P153). We confirm and extend earlier observations (Hannan et al., Can Immunol Immunother 61:2227) that the two treatment modalities cooperatively induce regression of syngeneic prostate cancer cells expressing human PSA (TPSA23). The extent of tumor growth inhibition depended on temporal sequencing of vaccine and RT with concurrent administration being superior to other treatment schedules. Using the optimal sequencing protocol, tumors were collected during (day 20) and after treatment (day 38) post-implantation to assess immune infiltrates and function during initial tumor regression and upon resumption of tumor growth. Tumor regression by the RT/vaccine combination was associated with enhanced T cell activation and robust IFNγ signatures in the tumor microenvironment as determined by transcriptome analyses. TCRβ chain sequencing revealed elevated and sustained T cell diversity in tumor tissue of mice receiving the RT/vaccine combination. Transcriptome analysis further revealed that sustained T cell diversity in the RT/vaccine group was accompanied by higher expression levels of resident and/or memory phenotypic markers. Finally, molecular analysis of recurring tumors revealed induction of select immune checkpoints (including PD-L1 and CD137) as a function of treatment, establishing a rationale to test whether therapeutic efficacy can be boosted further by targeting these markers. The results obtained support combining ADXS-PSA with radiation in the clinic and provide a versatile experimental platform to optimize combination immunotherapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Emily K. Bongiorno, Trevor Baybutt, Carla Portocarrero, Adam Snook, Adam P. Dicker, Sandra M. Hayes, Ulrich Rodeck. Combination immunotherapy of murine prostate cancer using a Listeria-based PSA vaccine: Immune correlates of efficacy and resistance development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2017 Oct 1-4; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2018;6(9 Suppl):Abstract nr B15.
Vaporization of In2Te3(s)

The vaporization chemistry of In2Te3(s) was studied by the computer-automated simultaneousKnudsen-effusion and torsion-effusion method, by high-temperature mass spectrometry, and by ancillary methods. The first absolute measurements of the vapor pressure of In2Te3 are reported. In2Te3(s) vaporized incongruently in the temperature range 701–889 K and produced Te2(g) and a solid-solution, (X In=0.42 andX Te=0.58). The standard enthalpy of the reaction at 298 K, ΔH° (298 K) by the third-law method was 136.0±0.3 kJ/mol of vapor. The above solid solution vaporized incongruently and produced InTe(s) and a vapor which consisted of Te2(g) and In2Te(g). InTe(s) vaporized congruently in the range 701–887 K and produced Te2(g) and In2Te(g); the third-law ΔH v ° (298 K) was 201.5±1.0 kJ/mol. These results were at variance with the literature on vaporization of In2Te3 where both congruent vaporization and incongruent vaporization to give InTe(s) are separately reported. Further, InTe(s) was reported to vaporize incongruently. These differences are discussed.
Compensatory eating behaviors in male and female rats in response to exercise training

Exercise is often used as a strategy for weight loss maintenance. In preclinical models, we have shown that exercise may be beneficial because it counters the biological drive to regain weight. However, our studies have demonstrated sex differences in the response to exercise in this context. In the present study, we sought to better understand why females and males exhibit different compensatory food eating behaviors in response to regular exercise. Using a forced treadmill exercise paradigm, we measured weight gain, energy expenditure, food intake in real time, and the anorectic effects of leptin. The 4-wk exercise training resulted in reduced weight gain in males and sustained weight gain in females. In male rats, exercise decreased intake, whereas it increased food intake in females. Our results suggest that the anorectic effects of leptin were not responsible for these sex differences in appetite in response to exercise. If these results translate to the human condition, they may reveal important information for the use and application of regular exercise programs.
Raman response and transport properties of tellurium atomic chains encapsulated in nanotubes

Tellurium can form nanowires of helical atomic chains. With their unique one-dimensional van der Waals structure, these nanowires are expected to show physical and electronic properties that are remarkably different from those of bulk tellurium. Here, we show that few-chain and single-chain van der Waals tellurium nanowires can be isolated using carbon nanotube and boron nitride nanotube encapsulation. With this approach, the number of atomic chains can be controlled by the inner diameter of the nanotube. The Raman response of the structures suggests that the interaction between a single-atomic tellurium chain and a carbon nanotube is weak, and that the inter-chain interaction becomes stronger as the number of chains increases. Compared with bare tellurium nanowires on SiO2, nanowires encapsulated in boron nitride nanotubes exhibit a dramatically enhanced current-carrying capacity, with a current density of 1.5 × 108 A cm−2 that exceeds that of most semiconducting nanowires. We also use our tellurium nanowires encapsulated in boron nitride nanotubes to create field-effect transistors with a diameter of only 2 nm. By isolating one-dimensional tellurium nanowires in boron nitride nanotubes, the electronic properties of the atomic chains can be measured and the structures used to create field-effect transistors.
The Persistence of Stigma Reduction After Teaching Abnormal Psychology Using Celebrity Narratives

Research shows that stigma toward mental illness prevents a large percentage of college students from seeking help. Finding pedagogies that can be utilized in the classroom to reduce stigma is impo...
Hyperspectral imaging approaches to characterize the distribution and expression of FRET in tissues isolated from a novel transgenic rat expressing a FRET-based probe

Fӧrster resonance energy transfer (FRET) based cAMP sensors have become a standard approach to visualize cAMP signals in cells. However, FRET sensors inherently offer low signal-to-noise ratios, making cAMP measurements challenging, especially in 3 spatial dimensions. In previous studies, we used 4-dimensional (x, y, z, and λ) hyperspectral imaging and analysis approaches to measure agonist – induced distribution of cAMP signals in cultured pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells. In many cell types including PMVECs, transient transfection of FRET sensors results in a low transfection efficiency (1-5%), which limits the possibilities of studying spatial distribution of FRET signals in many cells simultaneously. We developed a transgenic rat model that expresses the H187 FRET sensor. In current studies, we utilize hyperspectral imaging and analysis approaches to characterize the distribution of FRET signals in different tissues and vessels harvested from transgenic rats. Hyperspectral z-stacks of tissues and vessels were acquired using a Nikon A1R confocal microscope equipped with 20X multi-immersion objective and a 32 channel PMT detector. Samples were excited using 405 nm and 561 nm lasers and emission was collected from 424 nm -724 nm at 10 nm intervals. Tissues including lungs, heart, mesentery, kidney, expressed the H187 FRET sensor. In conclusion, transgenic rats provide a platform to visualize cAMP signals in-vitro and in-situ.
The central nucleus of the amygdala and gustatory cortex assess affective valence during CTA learning and expression in male and female rats

This study evaluated behavior (Boost® intake, LiCl-induced behaviors, ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), task performance) and c-fos activation during conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to understand how males and female rats assess the relative danger or safety of a stimulus in learning and performing a task. Females drank more Boost® than males but engaged in comparable aversive behaviors after LiCl treatment. Males produced 55 kHz USVs (indicating positive valence), when anticipating Boost® and inhibited these calls after pairing with LiCl. Females produced 55 kHz USVs based on their estrous cycle but were more likely to make 22 kHz USVs than males (indicating negative valence) after pairing with LiCl. C-fos responses were similar in males and females after boost or LiCl. Females engaged the gustatory cortex more than males during the reinforcing task and males engaged the amygdala more than females in both the reinforcing and devalued tasks. RNAscope identified a population of D1-receptor expressing cells in the CeA that responded to Boost® and D2 receptor-expressing cells that responded to LiCl. The present study suggests that males and females differentially process the affective valence of a stimulus to produce the same goal-directed behavior.
Thermodynamic feasibility analysis of distributed chemical looping ammonia synthesis

Abstract Stranded Natural Gas (SNG) flaring has increased over the last decade resulting in additional Green House Gas (GHG) emissions and underutilization of our finite fossil fuel resources. However, utilization of SNG is difficult due to its low volume, inconsistent composition, and intermittent flow. In this paper, intensified Chemical looping for Ammonia Synthesis (CLAS) is explored as a process suitable for remote deployment at SNG sites. CLAS mediate ammonia synthesis by using compounds that carry nitrogen and hydrogen in stepwise reactions, allowing ammonia synthesis under milder conditions and smaller, more flexible processes. The challenge in CLAS is to find a feasible combination of materials and process conditions that yield ammonia at economically acceptable rates. We propose a framework that systematically evaluates CLAS to determine their suitability for SNG deployment. CLAS reaction schemes are reviewed and organized based on the mediating compounds used to synthesize ammonia. Different compounds are evaluated for each CLAS in search of a thermodynamically spontaneous pair. Spontaneous CLAS flowsheets are, then, optimized to maximize ammonia output at equilibrium. The results are ranked against performance metrics of energy intensity, efficiency, and cost. Chemical loops with Ca3N2/CaH2, SrH2/Sr3N2, MnO2/Mn5N2 and MoO2/Mo2N are found to have favorable performance, along with literature-reported evidence and are recommended for further evaluation toward a distributed ammonia synthesis solution.
Large Vessel Occlusion Prediction in the Emergency Department with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Components: A Machine Learning Approach.

Abstract Objective To determine the feasibility of using a machine learning algorithm to screen for large vessel occlusions (LVO) in the Emergency Department (ED). Materials and methods A retrospective cohort of consecutive ED stroke alerts at a large comprehensive stroke center was analyzed. The primary outcome was diagnosis of LVO at discharge. Components of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) were used in various clinical methods and machine learning algorithms to predict LVO, and the results were compared with the baseline method (aggregate NIHSS score with threshold of 6). The Area-Under-Curve (AUC) was used to measure the overall performance of the models. Bootstrapping (n = 1000) was applied for the statistical analysis. Results Of 1133 total patients, 67 were diagnosed with LVO. A Gaussian Process (GP) algorithm significantly outperformed other methods including the baseline methods. AUC score for the GP algorithm was 0.874 ± 0.025, compared with the simple aggregate NIHSS score, which had an AUC score of 0.819 ± 0.024. A dual-stage GP algorithm is proposed, which offers flexible threshold settings for different patient populations, and achieved an overall sensitivity of 0.903 and specificity of 0.626, in which sensitivity of 0.99 was achieved for high-risk patients (defined as initial NIHSS score > 6). Conclusion Machine learning using a Gaussian Process algorithm outperformed a clinical cutoff using the aggregate NIHSS score for LVO diagnosis. Future studies would be beneficial in exploring prospective interventions developed using machine learning in screening for LVOs in the emergent setting.
Overview of Three Year Experience of the National CAPD Registry of the National Institutes of Health

Since its inception in January 1981, 9008 patients have been registered in the NIH-CAPD registry. Other forms of ESRD therapy had not been used in 3670 of the patients. CAPD and CCPD were used respectively by 56% and 54% males and 78% and 74% white patients, while 5% and 18% were younger than 21 years. Approximately 66.9% remained on CAPD at one year and 45.4% at two years. Peritonitis is likely to develop in 25% of patients within the first three months, and in 66% of patients within the first 12 mo of initiating CAPD.
The Expressive Capacity of International Punishment

To date, scant attention has been paid to sentencing in international criminal law (ICL); indeed, in the historic practice of international criminal tribunals, “the sanction imposed often appears to be little more than an afterthought.” This is understandable, for ICL as a field remains in its infancy, but unfortunate, for punishment is the distinctive feature of criminal law, and sentencing the vehicle through which it pursues and expresses its objectives, both practical and moral. The absence of an articulated ICL philosophy of or justification for punishment and the dearth of sentencing principles can be ascribed chiefly to two factors: As a theoretical matter, the abhorrent nature of ICL violations and the catastrophic circumstances that serve as the principal catalyst for ICL’s development—the rupture, by war, national, religious or ethnic conflict, or otherwise, of basic social norms against brutal violence—invite “intuitive-moralistic answers,” making debate about the rationales for punishing serious human rights atrocities seem pejoratively academic; as a practical matter, perhaps in part for that reason, the principal positive law instruments drafted to govern international trials of ICL violations say remarkably little about the purposes of punishment and
Fatigue Properties Characterization of Structural Metals, Composites and Sandwich Structures

The fatigue properties of materials are necessary for life prediction of material or structure to ensure structural integrity and safety in cases where the structures are subjected to fatigue stress cycles. Several fatigue testing techniques for structural metals, composites, and sandwich structures at coupon level are discussed in this chapter. General considerations such as instrumentation and specimen design are introduced, followed by brief descriptions of the techniques applied to determine stress-life, strain-life, and fatigue crack-growth rate for structural metals and composite materials and the corresponding phenomenological models. Fatigue testing technique applicable to sandwich core materials due to core shear failure is covered too. Procedures for testing the effects of environmental factors such as temperature and moisture on fatigue properties are briefly discussed. Keywords: core shear; crack-growth rate; delamination; moisture effect; strain-life curve; stress-life curve; temperature effect
Transgenic Hepatitis B Virus Mouse Model in the Study of Chemotherapy

Much of the knowledge about hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been obtained from the infection of natural hosts with nonhuman hepatitis viruses that possess similar characteristics to HBV, such as in the duck and woodchuck. Transgenic mouse models have also been valuable in recent years for studying the biology of the virus (1–7) and for evaluating antiviral compounds (3,8–11). The development of the transgenic mouse model carrying the infectious HBV genome has been motivated in part by the expense and minimal availability of the HBV chimpanzee model, and the absence of more convenient, small non-primate animal models that can be infected with HBV. Transgenic lines (1.3.32 and 1.3.46) were reported in 1995 (1) to replicate virus in the liver and produce quantifiable levels of HBV in the serum. HBV DNA replicative intermediates (relaxed circular, double-stranded linear, and single-stranded) and virus particles with infectious Dane particle-like morphology were identified in liver. RNA species (3.5 kb, 2.4 kb, and 2.1 kb) were also identified in comparable proportions as found in chronically infected human liver. HBV antigens found in infected human subjects were also identified in these mice, namely, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B envelope antigen (HBeAg) in both the serum and liver, and hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) in the liver (1). These HBV transgenic mice are the ones described in this chapter. HBV transgenic mice generated previously (12–14) did not yield high levels of virus replication, presumably because of suboptimal tandem repeated copies of the viral genome. Subsequently, other HBV transgenic mice that express quantifiable levels of HBV have also been produced (P. Marion, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, personal communications). Interest in using HBV transgenic mice for antiviral studies has increased since the development of mice that replicate quantifiable levels of virus (1,15). Studies have reported the efficacy of cytokines and nucleotides to reduce viral parameters in viral hep-
Globally Partitionable Attribute Grammars

The standard model for incremental attribute evaluation allows single subtree replacements followed by attribute reevaluation to restore consistency to a derivation tree. This paper advocates an extended model that allows multiple subtree replacements. In order to develop a static (tree-walking) algorithm for performing incremental updating after such changes, a subclass of attribute grammars is defined: globally partitionable attribute grammars (GPAGs). A new evaluator for GPAGs, GPAG-evaluate, may visit non-adjacent nodes, while guaranteeing that dependencies between attributes of each pair of nonterminals are respected. A polynomial-time test for determining whether an attribute grammar is GPAG is described, although the test will fail for some grammars that are GPAG.
Gene expression polymorphism in Drosophila populations

Although changes in gene expression have long been recognized as critical to evolutionary processes, the extent of natural polymorphism in gene expression has yet to be assessed, thus opening a new area of active research. We present microarray and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) data from Cosmopolitan and Zimbabwe morphs of Drosophila melanogaster. These morphs provide a useful model for investigations into the incipient stages of speciation because Zimbabwe females tend to preferentially mate with their own males and discriminate against Cosmopolitan males, while Cosmopolitan females mate indiscriminately. We analysed expression profiles from heads of mated and nonmated females and identified 45 candidate genes whose expression levels were associated with the behavioural morphs and were modified by mating. Genes with altered transcription levels were randomly distributed across the genome and fell into diverse categories of biological activities. Several candidate genes, such as desaturase2 and Odorant receptor 63a, were additionally subjected to quantitative RT-PCR analysis. Notably, desaturase2, which has been invoked to play a role in sexual isolation between Cosmopolitan and Zimbabwe D. melanogaster/races/strains and predicted to be translational-inactive in Cosmopolitan due to a major deletion, was found to be up-regulated in Zimbabwe and down-regulated, but still expressed, in Cosmopolitan.
A requirement for lipids by the microsomal stearyl coenzyme A desaturase.

Abstract Hen liver microsomes, when extracted with aqueous acetone, lose their ability to desaturate stearyl coenzyme A to oleate. The desaturase activity of these particles is partially restored by addition of lipid micelles prepared from microsomal lipid. Fractionation of the microsomal lipid yields fractions which are tested for their ability to restore the desaturase activity. A mixture of phospholipids, triglycerides, and fatty acids is able to restore the desaturase activity of the acetone-extracted microsomes to the level of the original microsomes. Phosphatidylcholine, isolated from the phospholipid, can partially replace phospholipids in this mixture. The properties of the reconstituted system are similar to those of the original microsomes. There is an absolute requirement for oxygen and a reduced pyridine nucleotide, although DPNH, rather than TPNH, is the preferred electron donor. The similarities between the lipid requirements of the DPNH-cytochrome c reductase and the stearyl-CoA desaturase support the suggestion that the two systems share a common electron transfer pathway or carrier.
Morphological Evaluation Of Opossum Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Studies were performed in the opossum to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the lower esophageal sphincter. The sphincter and the esophageal body were identified manometrically and fixed in situ by perfusion with aldehyde fixative. Light microscopy revealed that, (1) longitudinal muscle layers of the sphincter and the esophageal body were similar in thickness and compactness, and (2) circular muscle of the sphincter was thicker and was composed of muscle fasciculi with abundant intervening connective tissue as compared to the compact muscle fasciculi of the circular muscle of the esophageal body. Electron microscopy showed the circular muscle fibers of the sphincter to have irregular protuberances from their surfaces, whereas the circular muscle fibers of the esophageal body possessed smooth surfaces. Several types of junctional complexes between adjacent muscle fibers were observed; however, there was no difference in their distribution in the sphincter or esophageal body. The majority of the nerve varicosities contained a mixture of agranular (350 to 450 A) and large dense core vesicles (600 to 1600 A); varicosities containing small granular vesicles were not found in any area of the esophagus. When varicosities were cut along the longitudinal axis of the axon, they often showed grouping of similar vesicle types in different areas along the axon varicosities. There was no difference in the type of varicosities found in the sphincter or the esophageal body. These studies show that; (1) circular muscle of the sphincter can be morphologically distinguished from that of the esophageal body; (2) there is no difference in the morphology of the nerve terminals or the vesicle types in the two areas; and (3) classification of the varicosities based upon the predominance of the vesicle types may be artifactual because of sampling error.
Cold rolling of polyethylene

The morphology of unidirectional cold rolled polyethylene was investigated, The techniques of scanning electronmicroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, DTA, and XYZ photographic light scattering were employed. Most of the study was undertaken using low density polyethylene which had been initially cold rolled to an elongation of 100% and then annealed under vacuum for 30 min at 92° C. Some work utilised rolled but not annealed material. The investigation illustrated that the use of the new technique of XYZ photographic light scattering was indeed successful in its application to the study of the morphology of such material. Use of this technique is suggested for similar studies on biaxially oriented films. It was also found that Keller's three zone material could be produced. Speculation is made about the morphology and texture of both the rolled and annealed and the rolled and unannealed material.
Thyroid hormone effects on chick scale morphogenesis and keratinization

The effects of thiourea injection on scale development were studied in New Hampshire Red × White Leghorn Cross chick embryos. Normal morphogenesis and keratinization of scales were significantly delayed in thioureatreated specimens. Subsequent thyroxine injection resulted in normal or even precocious scale development. The thyroid hormone responsiveness of scale development is discussed in relation to other studies of endocrine effects on differentiation of skin and skin derivatives.
Protein energetics in maturation of the early secretory pathway

The early secretory pathway (ESP) consisting of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), pre-Golgi intermediates and the Golgi stack links protein synthesis to folding and vesicle trafficking to generate the membrane architecture of the eukaryotic cell. The fundamental principles that contribute to organization of the ESP remain largely unknown. We raise the possibility that assembly of the ESP is largely built on a foundation that is influenced by the kinetic and thermodynamic properties of the protein fold. Folding energetics may provide an adjustable platform for adaptor-dependent interactions with the transport machinery, suggesting the possibility that protein cargo energetics plays a central role in directing both trafficking patterns and global compartmental organization of the ESP. In this view, cargo energetics likely coordinates the composition and maturation of ER and Golgi compartments with the physiological state of the cell in different tissue and environmental settings.
Documentary on the verge of progress

ABSTRACTDespite the alarm regarding the absence of an Italian ‘engaged’ cinema that might offer resistance to the manipulative conditioning of mass media, recent years have seen the production of an impressive array of documentaries that in their urgency remind us of the lesson of Neorealism. Utilizing Pier Paolo Pasolini's critique of a capitalist society that masked the necessary distinctions between progress and development, and through the lens of Joris Ivens' L'Italia non e un paese povero/Italy Is Not a Poor Country (1959), this article assesses the ways in which contemporary film-makers, Matteo Garrone, Vincenzo Marra, Stefano Missio and Daniele Vicari among others, enact a ‘creative treatment of actuality’ (Grierson) free of the rhetoric of ‘realism’.
Accessing Nonlinear Contrast in Imaging Using Rapid Pulse Shaping Techniques

We have designed an interferometric acousto-optic pulse shaper capable of shaping individual pulses differently from a mode-locked laser. The design enables the measurement of weak nonlinear optical signals at megahertz (MHz) rates for imaging applications.
Hydrogen-Bonding: An Update

This article focusses on the crystallographic research aimed at a better understanding of hydrogen bonds which has been published since January 1990. In the interest of continuity, earlier work is quoted when it relates to that published during this period.
Lentoids in aggregates of embryonic neural retina cells.

Abstract Cells dissociated from neural retinas of 13 and 16-day chick embryos were precultured in monolayer for 7 days and then aggregated by rotation. After 2 days, the aggregates contained lentoidal structure which immunostained with anti-lens antiserum. Our results suggest that the lentoidogenic cells were derived from retinal glia cells modified by disruption of their normal associations with neurons, and/or by precultivation in monolayer. Cell aggregation expedited formation of contacts between these cells and expression of their modified phenotype. The approach described here lends itself to detailed studies on various aspects of lentoidogenesis from neural retina cells.
Evaluating alternative price expectation models for multiproduct supply analysis

Abstract Neoclassical economic theory provides an important conceptual framework for the analysis of agricultural production. Theory provides little guidance, however, in the actual specification of empirical models. This paper applies an integrated approach for choosing between price expectation mechanisms in a multiple-equation model when the alternatives are non-nested. Nine alternative specifications of market price and policy information are developed. Price forecasting accuracy, non-nested tests of hypotheses, and out-of-sample predictive accuracy are examined for agricultural production in Iowa. The results call into question the reliability of using forecasting accuracy as the sole guide to selecting a price expectation proxy.
Bayesian predictive simultaneous variable and transformation selection in the linear model

Variable selection and transformation selection are two commonly encountered problems in the linear model. It is often of interest to combine these two procedures in an analysis. Due to recent developments in computing technology, such a procedure is now feasible. In this paper, we propose two variable and transformation selection procedures on the predictor variables in the linear model. The first procedure is a simultaneous variable and transformation selection procedure. For data sets with many predictors, a backward elimination procedure for variables and transformations is also presented. The procedures are based on Bayesian model selection criteria introduced by Ibrahim and Laud (1994) and Laud and Ibrahim (1995). Several examples are given to illustrate the methodology.