cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sideroblastic anemia terminating in myelofibrosis.

Two patients with primary acquired sideroblastic anemia who eventually developed myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia are reported. Splenectomy was performed in one patient because of increasing blood transfusion requirements, and splenic histology revealed both myeloid metaplasia and ringed sideroblasts. The second patient showed a partial response of the sideroblastic anemia to pyridoxine therapy during the early stages of development of the myelofibrosis. Myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia may represent a nonspecific response of the marrow tissue to sideroblastic anemia as to other primary hematologic disorders.
The DARTNet Institute: Seeking a Sustainable Support Mechanism for Electronic Data Enabled Research Networks.

Context: Clinical data research networks require large investments in infrastructure support to maintain their abilities to extract, transform, and load data from varied data sources, expand electronic data sources and develop learning communities. Case Description: This paper outlines a sustainable business model of ongoing infrastructure support for clinical data research activities. The DARTNet Institute is a not-for-profit 501(c)(3) organization that serves as a support entity for multiple practice-based research networks. Several clinical data research networks working closely with a professional society began collaborating to support shared goals in 2008. This loose affiliation called itself the “DARTNet Collaborative.” In 2011, the DARTNet Institute incorporated as an independent, not-for-profit entity. The business structure allows DARTNet to advocate for all partners without operating its own practice-based research network, serve as a legal voice for activities that overlap multiple partners, share personnel resources through service contracts between partners, and purchase low-cost (nonprofit rate) software. Major Themes: DARTNet’s business model relies upon four diverse sources of revenue: (1) DARTNet licenses and provides access to a propriety software system that extracts, transforms, and loads data from all major electronic health records (EHRs) utilized in the United States, and which also provides clinical decision support for research studies; (2) DARTNet operates a recognized, national professional-society-quality improvement registry that enables organizations to fulfill Meaningful Use 2 criteria; (3) DARTNet provides access to data for research activities that are funded by direct research dollars, provided at prices that generate excess revenue; and (4) DARTNet provides access to large primary care datasets for observational studies and pregrant analyses such as for sample size development. The ability of the system to support pragmatic trials will be described. Conclusion: The DARTNet model facilitates the use of direct grant dollars to generate revenue to support the overall enterprise through a purchased services arrangement. Other services provided through subcontracting provide facilities and administration fees as well as direct dollars to support the system. The flexibility of the business model overcomes the complicated financial arrangements and governance requirements of many professional associations and academic medical centers.
Hsp27 protects the cytoskeleton and nucleus from the effects of 42°C at pH 6.7 in CHO cells adapted to growth at pH 6.7

CHO cells are normally sensitized to hyperthermia by acidic pH. However, CHO cells adapted to growth in pH 6.7 medium become less sensitive to heat killing at the reduced pH. The adapted cells maintain their ability to develop thermotolerance at pH 6.7 and their steady state intracellular pH is elevated. Furthermore, the small molecular weight stress chaperone, hsp27, is elevated in unheated cells maintained at pH 6.7. This report documents that the cytoskeletal and nuclear components of the low pH adapted CHO cells are resistant to 42°C-induced collapse and protein accretion, respectively. Hyperthermia induced a perinuclear collapse of the microtubular cytoskeleton and an increase in the amount of insoluble protein associated with the nuclei and nuclear matrix fractions in the control cells heated at pH 7.3 or heated after acute acidification to pH 6.7. Protection from these effects was observed in the low pH adapted cells heated at pH 6.7. Hsp70 does not appear to play a dominant role in the response of...
Comparison of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence and aerobic plate counts (APC) on plastic cutting boards

The objective of this study was to compare the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence method with aerobic plate count (APC). Three plastic cutting boards (30 ¥ 35 cm) divided into 42 equal areas of 5 ¥ 5 cm were used as food-contact surfaces. A culture of Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469 with a starting concentration of 10 9 colony-forming units (cfu/mL) was used as a source of cells and ATP. The culture was diluted in phosphate buffer saline to obtain four more initial target concentrations 10 7 ,1 0 5 ,1 0 3 and 10 1 cfu/mL. After inoculation of the boards, recovery of microorganism was achieved by swabbing the surface with sterile cotton-tipped swabs for the APC assay, and PocketSwab Plus (Charm Sciences Inc., Lawrence, MA) for the bioluminescence test. Recovery after 15 min of inoculation gave average bioluminescence readings of 1.08 log10, 2.99 log10, 4.97 log10 and 5.84 log10 relative light units that corresponded to average recovered APC readings of 3.71 ¥ 10 3 , 5.39 ¥ 10 5 , 7.44 ¥ 10 7 and 9.30 ¥ 10 9 cfu on a 25-cm 2 surface area. Controls taken prior to the inoculation of the boards gave estimated average APC readings of <10 cfu and bioluminescence readings equal to zero. The correlation coefficient, r = 0.98, suggested a strong relationship between the two methods. A linear regression analysis showed a positive linear relationship between the two methods in the range of 10 3 ‐10 7 cfu. A sensitive ratio test with a value of 1.016 gave an indication that ATP is as good as APC in evaluating sanitation on plastic cutting boards.
Forgiveness and Justice: A Research Agenda for Social and Personality Psychology:

Forgiveness and related constructs (e.g., repentance, mercy, reconciliation) are ripe for study by social and personality psychologists, including those interested in justice. Current trends in social science, law, management, philosophy, and theology suggest a need to expand existing justice frameworks to incorporate alternatives or complements to retribution, including forgiveness and related processes. In this article, we raise five challenging empirical questions about forgiveness. For each question, we briefly review representative research, raise hypotheses, and suggest specific ways in which social and personality psychologists could make distinctive contributions.
A simple pendulum laser interferometer for determining the gravitational constant.

We present a detailed account of our 2004 experiment to measure the Newtonian constant of gravitation with a suspended laser interferometer. The apparatus consists of two simple pendulums hanging from a common support. Each pendulum has a length of 72 cm and their separation is 34 cm. A mirror is embedded in each pendulum bob, which then in combination form a Fabry–Perot cavity. A laser locked to the cavity measures the change in pendulum separation as the gravitational field is modulated due to the displacement of four 120 kg tungsten masses.
When Women Tell Intimate Partner Violence and the Factors Related to Police Notification

We analyze how victim perceptions of mandatory arrest policies, perpetrator substance use, and presence of children are related to decisions to invoke law enforcement assistance. Logistic regression was used on survey responses from women receiving care in domestic violence shelters. Results suggest that as victim support for mandatory arrest increases, the odds of law enforcement notification of the abuse also increase. Accordingly, mandatory arrest may simply be reducing the probability of reporting intimate partner violence (IPV) among those who do not support the policy, instead of reducing IPV. Results also suggest that perpetrator substance use plays a significant role in law enforcement notification.
The interference of thermal fields from line sources in grid turbulence

The interference of passive thermal fields produced by two (and more) line sources in decaying grid turbulence is studied by using the inference method described by Warhaft (1981) to determine the cross-correlation coefficient ρ between the temperature fluctuations produced by the sources. The evolution of ρ as a function of downstream distance, for 0.075 < d/l < 10, where d is the wire spacing and l is the integral lengthscale of the turbulence, is determined for a pair of sources located at various distances from the grid. It is found that ρ may be positive or negative (thereby enhancing or diminishing the total temperature variance) depending on the line-source spacing, their location from the grid and the position of measurement. It is also shown that the effects of a mandoline (Warhaft & Lumley 1978) may be idealized as the interference of thermal fields produced by a number of line sources. Thus new light is shed on the rate of decay of scalar-variance dissipation. The thermal field of a single line source is also examined in detail, and these results are compared with other recent measurements.
Factors Affecting a Recently Purchased Handgun’s Risk for Use in Crime under Circumstances That Suggest Gun Trafficking

While many handguns are used in crime each year in the USA, most are not. We conducted this study to identify factors present at the time of a handgun’s most recent retail sale that were associated with its subsequent use in crime under circumstances suggesting that the handgun had been trafficked—purchased with the intent of diverting it to criminal use. Handguns acquired in multiple-gun purchases were of particular interest. Using data for 180,321 handguns purchased from federally licensed retailers in California in 1996, we studied attributes of the handguns, the retailers selling them, the purchasers, and the sales transactions. Our outcome measure was a handgun’s recovery by a police agency, followed by a gun ownership trace, conducted by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, that determined (a) that the recovery had occurred within 3 years of the handgun’s most recent purchase from a licensed retailer and (b) that the person who possessed the gun when it was recovered by police was not its most recent purchaser. Altogether, 722 handguns were recovered and had trace results that met the additional criteria. Handguns acquired in multiple-gun, same-day transactions were more likely to be traced than were single-purchase handguns (odds ratio [OR] 1.33, 95% confidence intervals [CI] 1.08 to 1.63). This was not the case for multiple-purchase handguns defined more broadly as multiple handguns purchased by one individual over any 30-day period as used in “one-gun-a-month” laws. Bivariate regressions indicated increased risk of a handgun being traced when it sold new for $150 or less (OR 4.28, 95% CI 3.59 to 5.11) or had been purchased by a woman (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.52). Handguns sold by retailers who also had a relatively high proportion (≥2%) of purchases denied because the prospective purchasers were prohibited from owning firearms were more likely to be traced than were those sold by other retailers (OR 4.09, 95% CI 3.39 to 4.94). These findings persisted in multivariate analyses. Our findings suggest specific strategies for intervention to prevent gun violence.
Importance of the Two Interferon-stimulated Response Element (ISRE) Sequences in the Regulation of the Human Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Gene

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (INDO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of the essential amino acid L-tryptophan. It is induced strongly in many cell lines following interferon-gamma treatment. We report the cloning and characterization of the full-length human INDO promoter. This promoter is 1,245 base pairs long and includes two interferon-stimulated response elements (ISRE) separated by an approximately 1-kilobase sequence. The presence of these two ISREs is critical for maximum INDO promoter activity (50-fold induction). When the ISREs are present in two separate fragments cloned upstream of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vector, the INDO promoter activity drops significantly (7-fold induction). 5' end deletions of the wild type promoter sequence indicate that removal of the ISRE (ISRE1) at position -1126 reduces the induction level to approximately 25-fold. This activity does not change appreciably when the promoter is deleted down to position -241. Furthermore, site-directed mutagenesis of ISRE1 also decreases the promoter activity in a similar way. When ISRE1 is kept intact, deletion of the second ISRE (ISRE2) at position -111 leads to only 11-fold induction of the promoter. A similar result is obtained when substitution mutations are introduced in ISRE2. Deletion of a 748-base pair sequence between the two ISREs only shows a slight decrease in the INDO promoter activity. These data indicate that the two ISRE sequences are required for the full transcriptional induction of the interferon-gamma-inducible human INDO gene. INDO activity is not induced in the hepatic cell line HepG2. An analysis of INDO-CAT activity in this cell line indicated that the lack of INDO activity was at the transcriptional level and could reflect either the presence of a repressor or lack of a transcription factor. This lack of induction could be correlated with a truncated or unstable IRF-1. However, the levels of IRF-2, JAK2, and STAT 91 were similar in both ME180 and HepG2 cells.
Refractive Index of Air. 2. Group Index

In a previous paper [Appl. Opt. 35, 1566 (1996)] one of us presented new equations for evaluation of the phase refractive index of air over a range of wavelengths and atmospheric parameters. That paper also gave an incorrect, although sufficiently accurate, procedure for calculating the group refractive index. Here we describe the results of a more rigorous derivation of the group index that takes proper account of the Lorentz-Lorenz formula, and we demonstrate that deviations from the Lorentz-Lorenz formula are insignificant to within a foreseeable precision of dispersion measurements for atmospheric conditions. We also derive and evaluate a simplification of the resultant equation that is useful for exploratory calculations. We clarify the limits of validity of the standard equation for the group refractive index and correct some minor errors in the previous paper.
Neutrality In The Social Sciences: On Bhaskar’s Argument For An Essential Emancipatory Impulse In Social Science

Suppose that one accepts a theory that proposes that a certain group’s holding of a false belief is co-caused by (e.g.) a specified social structure. Then, Bhaskar has argued, one is rationally committed, ceteris paribus, to adopting a negative value judgment of that structure (the theory is not value neutral) and a positive value judgment of activity directed towards removing it (the theory is partial towards emancipation). Contrary to Bhaskar, I argue that any rational move from accepting a theory to value judgments is mediated either by further value judgments, or by the role played by value-impregnated theoretical terms. Furthermore, I argue (drawing upon a well known argument of Rudner), Bhaskar’s argument tends not to be applicable in the case of theories that assign certain kinds of causal roles to social structures. Reflection on Bhaskar’s argument, however, leads to a deeper grasp of the relations between accepting theories in the social sciences and adopting value judgments.
Acid- and Base-Induced Proteins during Aerobic and Anaerobic Growth of Escherichia coli Revealed by Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis

Proteins induced by acid or base, during long-term aerobic or anaerobic growth in complex medium, were identified in Escherichia coli. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed pH-dependent induction of 18 proteins, nine of which were identified by N-terminal sequencing. At pH 9, tryptophan deaminase (TnaA) was induced to a high level, becoming one of the most abundant proteins observed. TnaA may reverse alkalinization by metabolizing amino acids to produce acidic products. Also induced at high pH, but only in anaerobiosis, was glutamate decarboxylase (GadA). The gad system (GadA/GadBC) neutralizes acidity and enhances survival in extreme acid; its induction during anaerobic growth may help protect alkaline-grown cells from the acidification resulting from anaerobic fermentation. To investigate possible responses to internal acidification, cultures were grown in propionate, a membrane-permeant weak acid which acidifies the cytoplasm. YfiD, a homologue of pyruvate formate lyase, was induced to high levels at pH 4.4 and induced twofold more by propionate at pH 6; both of these conditions cause internal acidification. At neutral or alkaline pH, YfiD was virtually absent. YfiD is therefore a strong candidate for response to internal acidification. Acid or propionate also increased the expression of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) but only during aerobic growth. At neutral or high pH, AhpC showed no significant difference between aerobic and anaerobic growth. The increase of AhpC in acid may help protect the cell from the greater concentrations of oxidizing intermediates at low pH. Isocitrate lyase (AceA) was induced by oxygen across the pH range but showed substantially greater induction in acid or in base than at pH 7. Additional responses observed included the induction of MalE at high pH and induction of several enzymes of sugar metabolism at low pH: the phosphotransferase system components ManX and PtsH and the galactitol fermentation enzyme GatY. Overall, our results indicate complex relationships between pH and oxygen and a novel permeant acid-inducible gene, YfiD.
Survival of Avian H5N1 Influenza a Viruses in Calliphora nigribarbis (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

In a previous study, the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses were isolated from blow flies collected at the Tamba Town of Kyoto prefecture during the outbreak period in March 2004. In this study, we carried out virus exposure experiments to investigate whether the H5N1 virus would survive in a blow fly, Calliphora nigribarbis. The virus exposure experiments showed that the H5N1 influenza virus was isolated from the crop and intestine of C. nigribarbis for at least 24 h, and the viruses remained viable with titers ranging from 0.5 to 4.63 TCID50. This result suggests that C. nigribarbis could possibly transport the H5N1 virus over a distance of 2 km, which is the distance they can migrate within 24 h.
Cantor Theorems for Relations

In [1], Dilworth and Gleason proved the following Cantor-type theorem for ordered sets: There exists no onto order-preserving map from an ordered set P into the set of ideals of P ordered by inclusion, Fajtlowicz [2] has generalized this theorem to directed graphs or binary relations. A discussion of the Dilworth-Gleason theorem in the context of embedding theorems for ordered sets can be found in Chapter 5 of [3].
Individual Liquids and Liquid Solutions Under Confinement

This Chapter deals with applications of SAS to study the influence of confinement on phase transitions of confined liquids and liquid solutions. It describes results of neutron and x-ray scattering studies of various aspects of the confined liquid behavior including adsorption of electrolyte ions in porous carbons, detection of the oil generation in pores of hydrocarbon rocks, and formation of nanobubbles on nanostructured surfaces of variable hydrophobicity. Two competing theoretical approaches that predict how pore induced random disorder may affect fluid behavior are Random Field Ising Model and a single pore model. SAS studies of confined solutions near their critical demixing points have been used to verify theoretical predictions, and explore the specifics of phase transitions in confined liquid crystals and supercooled water.
Photometric characterization of the Chang’e-3 landing site using LROC NAC images

Abstract China’s robotic Chang’e-3 spacecraft, carrying the Yutu rover, touched down in Mare Imbrium on the lunar surface on 14 December 2013. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) imaged the site both before and after landing. Multi-temporal NAC images taken before and after the landing, phase-ratio images made from NAC images taken after the landing, and Hapke photometric techniques were used to evaluate surface changes caused by the disturbance of regolith at the landing site (blast zone) by the descent engines of the Chang’e-3 spacecraft. The reflectance of the landing site increased by 10 ± 1% (from I / F = 0.040 to 0.044 at 30° phase angle) as a result of the landing, a value similar to reflectance increases estimated for the Apollo, Luna, and Surveyor landing sites. The spatial extent of the disturbed area at the Chang’e-3 landing site, 2530 m 2 , also falls close to what is predicted on the basis of correlations between lander mass, thrust, and blast zone areas for the historic landed missions. A multi-temporal ratio image of the Chang’e-3 landing site reveals a main blast zone (slightly elongate in the N–S direction; ∼75 m across N–S and ∼43 m across in the E–W direction) and an extended diffuse, irregular halo that is less reflective than the main blast zone (extending ∼40–50 m in the N–S direction and ∼10–15 m in the E–W direction beyond the main blast zone). The N–S elongation of the blast zone likely resulted from maneuvering during hazard avoidance just prior to landing. The phase-ratio image reveals that the blast zone is less backscattering than surrounding undisturbed areas. The similarities in magnitude of increased reflectance between the Chang’e-3 landing site and the Surveyor, Apollo, and Luna landing sites suggest that lunar soil reflectance changes caused by interaction with rocket exhaust are not significantly altered over a period of 40–50 years. The reflectance changes are independent of regolith composition, indicating that they are caused by a change in the physical properties of the regolith, likely microscopic to macroscopic smoothing of the surface, and possibly a change in surface maturity by removal of highly mature very fine-grained regolith components.
The Great Transformation: How the Putin Plan Altered Russian Society

Although Vladimir Putin is widely credited with having restored Russia to economic growth, this is but one result of the much more ambitious “Putin Plan” for the social reconstruction of Russian society through stable economic growth and a sound legal environment. The Putin Plan originally had two phases, of which Putin managed to finish only the first, consolidation phase during his presidency. The second, reconstruction phase, currently being overseen by Dmitry Medvedev, is meant to create Russia's first truly liberal society, but its full implementation has been delayed by the collapse of the global economy. While many challenges remain for Russia, the enormous popularity of the “Putin Plan”, especially among young people, should allow Russia to emerge from the current global economic crisis in a good position for the future.
Cholesterol and sphingomyelin syntheses are regulated independently in cultured human intestinal cells, CaCo-2: role of membrane cholesterol and sphingomyelin content.

There is a presumed association between cellular cholesterol and sphingomyelin metabolism. To study this relationship in the intestine, the activity of the rate controlling enzyme of sphingolipid synthesis, serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT), and the biosynthesis of long-chain bases were characterized in cultured human intestinal cells, CaCo-2. Cells were then incubated with substances known to alter cholesterol biosynthesis, and the effect of these mediators on SPT activity and long-chain base synthesis was determined and compared with their effects on HMG-CoA reductase activity and cholesterol synthesis. The polar sterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, the squalene epoxide inhibitor, U18666A, and the inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase, lovastatin, all significantly inhibited the synthesis of cholesterol without altering either SPT activity or long-chain base synthesis. Mevalonate, which increased cholesterol production 3-fold, also had no affect on SPT activity or sphingoid base synthesis. Serine, which significantly increased the synthesis of long-chain bases, did not alter cholesterol biosynthesis. Moreover, the suicide inhibitors of SPT, beta-chloroalanine and cycloserine, did not alter cholesterol synthesis while markedly decreasing long chain base synthesis. Cells were incubated with palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and eicosapentaenoic acids. Only palmitic acid, the preferred substrate for SPT, increased the production of long-chain bases. Both palmitic and oleic acids, however, increased the synthesis of cholesterol. Cells enriched in sphingomyelin had higher rates of synthesis of both cholesterol and long-chain bases compared to their controls. In contrast, cholesterol and long-chain base syntheses were significantly decreased in cells enriched in cholesterol. Control cells incubated with phospholipid liposomes alone had higher rates of synthesis of both lipids. The results suggest that SPT and HMG-CoA reductase activities and cholesterol and long-chain base syntheses are regulated independently when the synthesis of either cholesterol or sphingomyelin is altered acutely. However, when membrane cholesterol or sphingomyelin mass are altered, parallel changes occur in the rates of synthesis of these two lipids. SPT activity in human small intestinal mucosa is also documented.
The Right to Be Forgotten: Exploring Consumer Privacy Attitudes About the Final Stage of the Information Life Cycle

Until now, privacy research has neglected the last stage of the information life cycle: deletion. Concern about secure deletion of information, however, is growing, particularly with regard to information posted in social networking sites. Stories about how such information can harm careers have led to discussion of a “right to be forgotten” (RTBF). We survey consumers to understand their attitudes about this proposed RTBF and find that it is distinct from previously validated first-order privacy constructs. We also find that digital natives and digital immigrants have different attitudes about the RTBF. Our results have important implications for both research and practice.
Immunofluorescence in chronic TRIC infections of American Indians and Tunisians: influence of trauma on results of tests.

SummaryThe conjunctivas of 209 individuals from endemic trachoma areas in the southwestern United States and in Tunisia were scraped. One to 7 days later they were scraped again. Both series of conjunctival scrapings were examined by fluorescent microscopy. Both the prevalence of FA+ specimens in the populations studied, and the number of FA+ inclusions in inclusion-positive scrapings increased markedly in the second specimen, following trauma. We conclude that trauma in some manner enhances the presence of immunofluorescent inclusions in chronic TRIG infections.
Microwave Curing of Silicon Carbide Ceramics from a Polycarbosilane Precursor

Silicon carbide ceramic materials have been successfully formed from commercially available polycarbosilane using microwave radiation as the sole source of heat. Conventional thermal processing of the same polymeric precursor was also studied for comparison with microwave processing. Microwave heating enhances crystallinity at much lower curing temperature and within shorter times. Possible explanations for microwave enhanced processing are proposed.
Tides of global ice-covered oceans

Abstract The tides of an ice-covered ocean are examined using a Cartesian representation of the elastic and fluid equations. Although unconstrained by any observations, the ocean tides of a Neoproterozoic “snowball” Earth could have been significantly larger than they are today. Time-mean tidal-residual circulations would then have been set up that are competitive with the circulation driven by geothermal heating. In any realistic configuration, the snowball Earth would have had an ice cover that is in the thin shell limit, but by permitting the ice thickness to become large, more interesting ice tidal response can be found, ones conceivably of application to bodies in the outer Solar System or hypothetical exoplanets. Little can be said concerning a reduction in tidal dissipation necessary to avoid a crisis in the history of the lunar orbit.
16 RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POSTRADIATION DENTAL LESIONS.

Objectives Teeth exposed to therapeutic radiation have an increased susceptibility to a highly destructive form of dental disease. As part of a 5-year investigation, the overall goal is to analyze predictors of the severity of postradiation dental lesions and potentially determine if there is a link between postradiation dental lesions and radiation dose. Methods During year 1 of the investigation, 21 subjects who had received head and neck radiotherapy were evaluated concerning individual tooth-level radiation dose, elapsed time after radiation, frequency of topical fluoride, xerostomia, and oral hygiene status. Subjects9 teeth were also evaluated using an index developed to assess postradiation tooth destruction and associated restorations. Tooth destruction was operationalized as a mean tooth surface score (MSS). Tooth restoration was operationalized in a similar manner as a mean restoration score (MRS). Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the subject population. To account for the nesting of teeth within individuals and account for radiation dose varying for different teeth within individuals, multivariate analysis was conducted using generalized estimating equations, with exchangeable working matrices and robust standard errors. A significance level of p ≤ .05 was used. Results Subjects (6 females, 15 males), most of whom reported xerostomia, ranged in age from 18 to 82 years. Four hundred seventeen teeth were evaluated. Elapsed time since radiation varied from 1 to 133 months; individual tooth-level radiation doses ranged from 0 to 69 Gy. Results showed that there were significant interaction effects of elapsed time*radiation dose, elapsed time*oral hygiene, elapsed time*fluoride, fluoride*oral hygiene, and oral hygiene*radiation dose, as well as main effects of radiation dose, xerostomia, oral hygiene, and fluoride frequency on tooth destruction (MSS). In contrast, only elapsed time and time*oral hygiene had a significant effect on the restoration score (MRS). Conclusions The preliminary evidence suggests that radiation dose and dose*elapsed time following radiotherapy might be linked to the severity of postradiation lesions. Furthermore, factors such as xerostomia, oral hygiene, and the use of topical fluoride might also play a role in lesion severity. Supported in part by NIH/NIDCR K23 DE01623.
Social Media, Flash Sales, and the Maker Movement: An Empirical Analysis

The emergence of the maker movement has democratized the production of goods and increased consumer demand for designer goods, leading to the founding of e-commerce platforms such as Etsy, Fab, and Gilt. Designers with little brand recognition have to overcome high buyer search costs in order to succeed in these markets or on their own websites. We study two mechanisms that designers use to promote their products — flash sales and social media — by collecting data for 24,446 products sold from June to July 2013 on a popular US-based e-commerce platforms specializing in the sale of products made by local designers. We find that social media activities predict success in product launches. Using two different identification techniques, we find that social media activities such as Facebook Likes, Pinterest Pins, and Faves have positive but different magnitudes of impact on sales, moderated by product type. Also, flash sale promotions increase average daily sales on the designer’s primary website by up to 0.8 units in the first week after a flash sale is initiated.
Molecular organization of cytokinesis nodes and contractile rings by super-resolution fluorescence microscopy of live fission yeast

Cytokinesis in animals, fungi, and amoebas depends on the constriction of a contractile ring built from a common set of conserved proteins. Many fundamental questions remain about how these proteins organize to generate the necessary tension for cytokinesis. Using quantitative high-speed fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM), we probed this question in live fission yeast cells at unprecedented resolution. We show that nodes, protein assembly precursors to the contractile ring, are discrete structural units with stoichiometric ratios and distinct distributions of constituent proteins. Anillin Mid1p, Fes/CIP4 homology-Bin/amphiphysin/Rvs (F-BAR) Cdc15p, IQ motif containing GTPase-activating protein (IQGAP) Rng2p, and formin Cdc12p form the base of the node that anchors the ends of myosin II tails to the plasma membrane, with myosin II heads extending into the cytoplasm. This general node organization persists in the contractile ring where nodes move bidirectionally during constriction. We observed the dynamics of the actin network during cytokinesis, starting with the extension of short actin strands from nodes, which sometimes connected neighboring nodes. Later in cytokinesis, a broad network of thick bundles coalesced into a tight ring around the equator of the cell. The actin ring was ∼125 nm wide and ∼125 nm thick. These observations establish the organization of the proteins in the functional units of a cytokinetic contractile ring.
Management and outcome of cervical cancer diagnosed in pregnancy

Background Cervical cancer is the third most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Approximately 1-3% of cervical cancers will be diagnosed in pregnant and peripartum women; optimal management in the setting of pregnancy is not always clear. Objective We sought to describe the management of patients with cervical cancer diagnosed in pregnancy and compare their outcomes to nonpregnant women with similar baseline characteristics. Study Design We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients diagnosed with cervical cancer in pregnancy and matched them 1:2 with contemporaneous nonpregnant women of the same age diagnosed with cervical cancer of the same stage. Patients were identified using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes and the Dana-Farber/Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Registry. Data were analyzed using Stata, Version 10.1 (College Station, TX). Results In all, 28 women diagnosed with cervical cancer during pregnancy were identified from 1997 through 2013. The majority were Stage IB1. In all, 25% (7/28) of women terminated the pregnancy; these women were more likely to be diagnosed earlier in pregnancy (10.9 vs 19.7 weeks, P = .006). For those who did not terminate, mean gestational age at delivery was 36.1 weeks. Pregnancy complications were uncommon. Complication rates in pregnant women undergoing radical hysterectomy were similar to those outside of pregnancy. Time to treatment was significantly longer for pregnant women compared to nonpregnant patients (20.8 vs 7.9 weeks, P = .0014) but there was no survival difference between groups (89.3% vs 95.2%, P = .08). Women who underwent gravid radical hysterectomy had significantly higher estimated blood loss than those who had a radical hysterectomy in the postpartum period (2033 vs 425 mL, P = .0064), but operative characteristics were otherwise similar. None of the pregnant women who died delayed treatment due to pregnancy. Conclusion Gestational age at diagnosis is an important determinant of management of cervical cancer in pregnancy, underscoring the need for expeditious workup of abnormal cervical cytology. Of women who choose to continue the pregnancy, most delivered in the late preterm period without significant obstetric complications. For women undergoing radical hysterectomy in the peripartum period, complication rates are similar to nonpregnant women undergoing this procedure. Women who died were more likely to have advanced stage disease at the time of diagnosis. This information may be useful in counseling women facing the diagnosis of cervical cancer in pregnancy.
Nitrogen fertilizer sources and tillage effects on cotton growth, yield, and fiber quality in a coastal plain soil

Abstract Interest in urea-ammonium sulfate (UAS) as a N fertilizer is increasing due, in part, to increased restrictions on ammonium nitrate. This has resulted in UAS being marketed as an alternative fertilizer source; however, UAS has not been widely tested. A cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) field study was conducted in Central Alabama from 2009 to 2011 on a Coastal Plain soil (Marvyn loamy sand; fine-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Typic Kanhapludult) comparing UAS to two common granular fertilizers [urea, ammonia sulfate (AS)] under both conservation and conventional tillage systems. The overall objective was to determine the influence of UAS on cotton growth parameters, yield, and fiber quality. Cotton was fertilized with 101 kg N ha −1 urea, AS, or UAS 5–6 wk after planting each year. Plant growth characteristics were evaluated 3–4 wk before defoliation, and cotton yield and fiber quality were determined on the machine-harvested lint. Tillage had little influence on plant growth, while UAS and/or AS tended to produce the largest number of bolls and largest aboveground, root, and total biomass in 2009 and 2011. Lint yield was also influenced by fertilizer source in 2009 and 2011, with UAS and AS producing significantly higher yields than urea. Both tillage and fertilizer source had minimal influence on cotton fiber quality. Results suggest that UAS produces similar or greater yields than urea and is comparable to AS. However, more research is needed to determine the long-term influence of UAS on soil acidity and N loss compared to urea and AS.
Behavioral Effects of a Chemorepellent Receptor Knockout Mutation in Tetrahymena thermophila.

ABSTRACT A conditioned supernatant from Tetrahymena thermophila contains a powerful chemorepellent for wild-type cells, and a gene called G37 is required for this response. This is the first genomic identification of a chemorepellent receptor in any eukaryotic unicellular organism. This conditioned supernatant factor (CSF) is small ( 2+ entry is required for the classical avoiding reactions (AR) used for chemorepulsion. A macronuclear G37 gene knockout (G37-KO) mutant is both nonresponsive to the CSF and overresponsive to other repellents such as quinine, lysozyme, GTP, and high potassium concentrations. All of these mutant phenotypes were reversed by overexpression of the wild-type G37 gene in a G37 overexpression mutant. Overexpression of G37 in the wild type caused increased responsiveness to the CSF and underresponsiveness to high K + concentrations. Behavioral adaptation (by prolonged exposure to the CSF) caused decreases in responsiveness to all of the stimuli used in the wild type and the overexpression mutant but not in the G37-KO mutant. We propose that the constant presence of the CSF causes a decreased basal excitability of the wild type due to chemosensory adaptation through G37 and that all of the G37-KO phenotypes are due to an inability to detect the CSF. Therefore, the G37 protein may be the CSF receptor. The physiological role of these G37-mediated responses may be to both moderate basal excitability and detect the CSF as an indicator of high cell density growth. IMPORTANCE Although many single-cell eukaryotes have served as classical model systems for chemosensory studies for decades, the major emphasis has been on chemoattraction and no chemorepellent receptor gene has been identified in any unicellular eukaryote. This is the first description of a gene that codes for a chemorepellent receptor in any protozoan. Integration of both depolarizing chemorepellent pathways and hyperpolarizing chemoattractant pathways is as important to chemoresponses of motile unicells as excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter pathways are to neurons. Therefore, both chemoattractant and chemorepellent pathways should be represented in a useful unicellular model system. Tetrahymena cells provide such a model system because simple behavioral bioassays, gene knockouts, biochemical analysis, and other approaches can be used with these eukaryotic model cells. This work can contribute to the basic understanding of unicellular sensory responses and provide insights into the evolution of chemoreceptors and possible chemorepellent approaches for preventing infections by some pathogenic protozoa.
Nurse Telephonic Triage Service for After-hour Patient Calls in Neurosurgery.

Objective:The aim of this study was to report the utilization and experience of the nurse telephonic triage service for after-hour patient calls in Neurosurgery.Background:It is challenging for patients to reach their clinicians after-hours in a timely manner. This may result in worse health outcome
Preparation, Stimulation and Other Uses of Adult Rat Brain Synaptosomes

In this paper, our protocol for preparation of brain synaptosomes is described. Synaptosomes are a valuable model system for analysis of structural components of the synapse as well as for investigation of synaptic function. Synaptosomal preparations are necessary for understanding molecular changes at synapses where critical post-translational modifications of synaptic proteins may occur. Not only are synaptosomes rich in synaptic proteins, but they can be used for analyzing uptake of neurotransmitters into synaptic vesicles and for analysis of the involvement of neurotransmitter synthesis and release. Synaptosomes can be stimulated with increased calcium influx to release neurotransmitters. Synaptosomal preparations have been used in characterizing calcium dependent phosphorylation and activation of the GABA synthesizing enzyme GAD65 (L-glutamic acid decarboxylase with molecular weight of 65 kDa). By examining protein complexes on the membrane of synaptic vesicles obtained from synaptosomal preparations, it was possible to characterize the role of GAD65 in the coupled synthesis and vesicular uptake of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) culminating in GABA vesicular release, which contributes in an important way to fine-tuning of GABAergic neurotransmission.
Dynamin-2 facilitates Atg9 recycling from nascent autophagosomes

Autophagy involves rapid growth of phagophores through membrane addition. Newly added membranes are derived from other organelles through the formation of vesicles carrying the Atg9 protein. Membrane is delivered by fusing these vesicles with the phagophores. Atg9 is, nevertheless, not incorporated in autophagosomes. We now show that this protein is retrieved from phagophores by fission utilizing Dynamin-2 (Dnm2) as the membrane scission protein. Blocking Atg9 recycling by interfering with Dnm2 helps retain Atg9 in autophagosomes and degrades this protein by autophagy. Dnm2 colocalizes with the BAR domain protein Endophilin-B1 (EndoB1/Bif-1) when autophagy is induced, suggestive of transient interactions, but mutations in these proteins have very different effects from which we conclude that they act at different stages of autophagy. Our results show that Dnm2 promotes Atg9 retrieval, while EndoB1 may anchor the autophagy machinery. These data provide novel insights into the roles of membrane scission proteins during autophagy.
Piercing the dark matter: bioinformatics of long-range sequencing and mapping

Several new genomics technologies have become available that offer long-read sequencing or long-range mapping with higher throughput and higher resolution analysis than ever before. These long-range technologies are rapidly advancing the field with improved reference genomes, more comprehensive variant identification and more complete views of transcriptomes and epigenomes. However, they also require new bioinformatics approaches to take full advantage of their unique characteristics while overcoming their complex errors and modalities. Here, we discuss several of the most important applications of the new technologies, focusing on both the currently available bioinformatics tools and opportunities for future research.
An Inpatient Patient Safety Curriculum for Pediatric Residents.

Introduction Patient safety is recognized as an important part of pediatric resident education. There is a lack of published safety curricula targeting pediatric residents. A local needs assessment...
Teaching Anatomy to Students in a Physical Therapy Education Program

Gross anatomy is formally taught to physical therapy students emphasizing the musculoskeletal anatomy of the axial and appendicular skeletons including bones and muscles along side peripheral nerves and vessels. In addition, anatomy of the heart and lungs is also presented. The primary educational objective is to provide the physical therapy student with a broad understanding of functional anatomy so he or she can examine the musculoskeletal system and identify structures responsible for movement dysfunction. In Mayo School of Health Sciences’ Physical Therapy Doctoral Program, anatomy learning activities involve: (1) reciprocal peer teaching; (2) near-peer teaching; (3) using an audience response system (ARS); (4) performing clinical tests on human cadavers; (5) painting and drawing anatomical relationships; and (6) interprofessional education.
Secondary Hypertension: Workup and Correction

The three most common causes--renal artery stenosis, pheochromocytoma, and primary aldosteronism--are reviewed, including uncomplicated screening procedures to select candidates for a more intensive workup. The first two conditions are usually corrected by angioplasty or surgery, whereas aldosteronism may require both surgical and medical therapy or medication alone.
Growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the Presence of Hexadecylpyridinium Chloride, Natamycin, and Vancomycin

A design-of-experiments approach was used to examine the effect of hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HPC), alone or in combination with the antibiotics vancomycin and natamycin, on the growth of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP). At concentrations above 74.4 microg/ml, HPC had a highly significant detrimental effect on the growth of MAP, whereas natamycin at 10.8 and 21.6 microg/ml and vancomycin at 5.2 and 10.4 microg/ml did not have such an effect. Titration of the amount of HPC tolerated by MAP indicated that growth can occur in the presence of 24.8 microg/ml or lower. Processing of bovine fecal specimens indicated that reducing the concentration of HPC from 32.22 to 1.07 mg/ml during decontamination may improve detection when cultures are grown on solid medium but not when cultures are grown in liquid medium. Further investigation into optimizing HPC concentration during processing of fecal samples is warranted. Natamycin, in conjunction with vancomycin, may be useful for controlling fungal contamination during isolation of MAP from fecal samples.
Differential incorporation of 5-bromodeoxyuridine into DNA puffs of larval salivary gland chromosomes in Rhynchosciara.

Abstract An autoradiographic analysis of the incorporation of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BUdR) into salivary gland chromosomes of Rhynchosciara larvae has demonstrated differential synthesis of DNA in a specific set of chromosomal puffs. DNA isolated from larval salivary glands at the specific stage in development when these DNA puffs occur has also been subjected to isopycnic centrifugation in CsCl. The profiles of these gradients are heterodisperse and exhibit regions of very high density shifted away from the bulk DNA. The technique makes possible the isolation and purification of sequences unique to a specific set of chromosomal loci.
In situ thermal-conductivity measurements and morphological characterization of intumescent coatings for fire protection:

Thermal insulating performance and char-layer properties have been studied for water-based intumescent coatings for structural steel fire protection using a new laboratory-scale mass-loss cone appa...