cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Possible Application of Laser Light Scattering to Remote Sensing

Laser light scattering measures the angular distribution of scattered intensity and of temporal fluctuations of the scattered intensity. In the former case, the inter- and intra-particle interference can yield information on the particle size in terms of the radius of gyration and particle interactions in terms of the second virial coefficient, while the absolute scattered intensity, together with knowledge on the refractive index increment, corresponds to counting the number of particles in the system, resulting in the determination of the particle molecular weight. In measuring the temporal intensity fluctuations, dynamic light scattering yields information on translational, rotational and internal motions of the particles in solution (or suspension). With depolarized light scattering, dynamic information on anisotropic motions can then be obtained. Molecular parameters that can be determined by laser light scattering are summarized.
Analysis of Diffusion Limitations on a Catheter Imbedded in Body Tissues

Accurate in vivo measurement of dissolved gases in body fluids and tissues has been a goal of biomedical research for many years. Until recently this search had been attended with relatively little success. Recently, however, Folkman and co-workers (1967) demonstrated that a catheter made of Medical Silastic could measure dissolved blood gases in vivo. Unfortunately, the size of the catheter required surgical insertion. Ernst and O’Steen (1970) developed a catheter of the same material which could be inserted through a 14 gauge hypodermic needle, and they showed that it could be used for in vivo monitoring of blood gases. These investigators also reported measurements taken after insertion into the peritoneal cavity of a dog and one of their observations of particular interest was that the partial pressure of oxygen in the peritoneal cavity declined from 110 mm Hg to 7 mm in 5 minutes when the dog was changed from breathing air to breathing pure nitrogen. It is of interest to inquire as to how much of the time lag they observed was due to equilibration in the tissues and how much was due to the mass transfer resistance of the catheter wall.
El comentario a Salmos de Moseh ibn Chiquitilla

Reproduccion, traduccion y estudio de algunos ejemplos de la unica copia manuscrita, incompleta, que contiene muestras directas de la produccion exegetica de su autor. Estos pasajes demuestran que la exegesis de Ibn Chiquitilla se realiza a cuatro niveles: semantico, morfologico, sintactico y exegetico. Si bien, los dos primeros niveles continuan la linea trazada por los gramaticos hebreos andalusies del siglo X, destaca la fusion de la mas antigua tradicion con las corrientes intelectuales de su epoca. El metodo exegetico de Ibn Chiquitilla es muy critico y de una alta calidad intelectual.
Cerebral fat embolism, in the differential diagnosis with other post-traumatic cerebral lesions

Three cases of cerebral fat embolism have been reported: 2 cases were verified at the autopsy, while the third one survived, with no sequelae, 2 showers of fat embolism. The exact diagnosis in the last case was made clinically and proved by the presence of fat globules in the urine.
Examining Intersubjectivity in Social Knowledge Artifacts

Thanks to the modern ICT, social knowledge creation and dissemination has reached new frontiers of ease, accessibility and velocity. This raises questions of quality and validity of knowledge created in open online knowledge communities. Multiple models of knowledge evaluation in open online communities have been proposed but a general conceptual framework is still lacking. We develop a concept of Social Knowledge Artifact (SKA) and integrate it with the notion of intersubjectivity in the social systems of knowledge creation and refinement. Further, we outline a conceptual model of SKA evaluation that combines the constructs of the artifact attainment, artifact controversy, author self-assessment and reviewer bias. Our future research entails development and empirical testing of the research model and proposing recommendations for the design of information systems to support social knowledge creation and refinement.
Determination of in vivo Blood Oxygen Saturation and Blood Volume Fraction Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy

Variations in blood oxygen saturation (SatO2) and blood volume fraction (BVF) in tissue have been associated with various pathophysiological conditions such as cancer development. These variations can be assessed directly through the absorption properties of hemoglobin in the visible wavelength region, which is detectable using optical techniques such as diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. In this pilot study, we derived a new methodology that quantitatively extracted the spectral profile characteristics of hemoglobin absorption from a diffuse reflectance spectrum using wavelet transformation. The variations in the extracted profile characteristics were then related to the alterations in SatO2 and BVF levels. The applicability of the methodology was evaluated using a set of diffuse reflectance spectra produced theoretically using a Monte Carlo simulation for photon migration.
Survey of Illinois Law: Ins and Outs of The New Illinois Evidence Rules

The new Illinois Rules of Evidence (IRE) which took effect January 1, 2011 primarily reaffirm earlier laws dispersed throughout cases, statutes and rules. They also modernize by incorporating "uncontroversial developments" found in the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) and in the laws of the forty four other surveyed jurisdictions. They are said to change Illinois evidence law in only two ways – adding opinion testimony as a method of proving character and eliminating certain requirements within the hearsay exceptions on then existing mental, emotional or physical condition. The new rules reference some, but far from all, preexisting statutes whose validity "are not affected by" the IRE. They contemplate future General Assembly laws on, or related to, evidence as long as there is no conflict with the IRE. When there is tension between IRE and a statute, the IRE controls. This paper explores some of the challenges in applying the IRE. First, the legislative history behind the FRE is dispersed so that its persuasive use in Illinois courts will be difficult. Second, the role of the Illinois General Assembly in promulgating new evidence and evidence –related laws is uncertain. Uncertainty arises, in part, because some evidence guidelines implicate substantive policies. Perhaps at least some evidence lawmaking in Illinois, as in Kentucky, should be undertaken jointly by legislators and judges. Third, not all IRE provisions are modeled on FRE provisions so that care will be required when utilizing federal precedents. IRE diversions from the FRE are sometimes expressly referenced in the notes accompanying IRE. At other times, open issues of Illinois evidence law are recognized. Fourth, even when the IRE and FRE appear similar, at times they should be read differently. Fifth, there will be more choice of law issues when applying the IRE than the FRE.
Growth Hormone Therapy to Improve Adult Height in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Abstract Many patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) do not reach a final adult height within their parentally determined target height range. Our group has reported the effect of growth hormone (GH) alone or in combination with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog (LHRHa) on final adult height in 34 patients with CAH. Final adult height was significantly higher than baseline predicted height in both males (172.0 + 4.8 cm versus 162.8 + 7.7 cm, P
Data Visualization Literacy and Visualization Biases: Cases for Merging Parallel Threads.

People are prone to many biases when viewing data visualizations. Recent visualization research has uncovered biases that manifest during visualization use, quantified their impact and developed strategies for mitigating such biases. In a parallel thread, visualization research has investigated how to measure a person’s data visualization literacy and examine the performance consequences of individual differences in these literacy measures. The aim of this chapter is to make a case for merging these threads. To bridge the gap, we highlight research in cognitive biases, that has established that there are relationships between the impact of biases and factors such as experience and cognitive ability. Drawing on prior work in visualization biases, we provide examples of how visualization literacy measures may have led to different results in these studies. As research continues to identify and quantify the biases that occur in visualizations, the impact of people’s individual abilities may prove to be an important consideration for analysis and design.
On the subventricular zone origin of human glioblastoma

The cancer stem cell theory posits that a small subset of cancer cells with self-renewing capacity, popularly known as cancer stem cells and experimentally defined as tumor-initiating cells, maintains the tumor with its heterogeneous lineages of cancer cells (1,2).
Applying the Leadership Traits Approach to Volunteer-based Community Media

The role that leadership plays in the success or failure of community media organizations is an under-researched area. The concept of leadership in this paper refers to positive influence that moves a group towards its goals and is different from management because it relies on social influence rather than legitimate power to influence people. Focusing on the case studies of two community media organizations in rural Kansas, USA, the paper uses the Kirkpatrick and Locke model of leadership traits to examine the leadership qualities exemplified in these two organizations. The paper found evidence of all the six traits described in the model (drive, leadership motivation, honesty and integrity, self-confidence, cognitive ability and knowledge of business) present in both case studies. The paper also contributes to the further refinement of the model by identifying two other extra traits that ought to be considered in future community media studies.
A Climatology of Midlatitude Continental Clouds from the ARM SGP Site

Data collected at the Department of Energy Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Southern Great Plains (SGP) Central Facility (SCF) are analyzed to determine the monthly and hourly variations of cloud fraction and radiative forcing between January 1997 and December 2002. Cloud fractions are estimated for total cloud cover and for single-layered low (0-3 km), middle (3-6 km), and high clouds (more than 6 km) using ARM SCG ground-based paired lidar-radar measurements. Shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) fluxes are derived from up- and down-looking standard precision spectral pyranometers and precision infrared radiometer measurements with uncertainties of approximately 10 Wm(exp -2). The annual averages of total, and single-layered low, middle and high cloud fractions are 0.49, 0.11, 0.03, and 0.17, respectively. Both total and low cloud amounts peak during January and February and reach a minimum during July and August, high clouds occur more frequently than other types of clouds with a peak in summer. The average annual downwelling surface SW fluxes for total and low clouds (151 and 138 Wm(exp-2), respectively) are less than those under middle and high clouds (188 and 201 Wm(exp -2), respectively), but the downwelling LW fluxes (349 and 356 Wm(exp -2)) underneath total and low clouds are greater than those from middle and high clouds (337 and 333 Wm(exp -2)). Low clouds produce the largest LW warming (55 Wm(exp -2) and SW cooling (-91 Wm(exp -2)) effects with maximum and minimum absolute values in spring and summer, respectively. High clouds have the smallest LW warming (17 Wm(exp -2)) and SW cooling (-37 Wm(exp -2)) effects at the surface. All-sky SW CRF decreases and LW CRF increases with increasing cloud fraction with mean slopes of -0.984 and 0.616 Wm(exp -2)%(exp -1), respectively. Over the entire diurnal cycle, clouds deplete the amount of surface insolation more than they add to the downwelling LW flux. The calculated CRFs do not appear to be significantly affected by uncertainties in data sampling and clear-sky screening. Traditionally, cloud radiative forcing includes, not only the radiative impact of the hydrometeors, but also the changes in the environment. Taken together over the ARM SCF, changes in humidity and surface albedo between clear and cloudy conditions offset approximately 20% of the NET radiative forcing caused by the cloud hydrometeors alone. Variations in water vapor, on average, account for 10% and 83% of the SW and LW CRFs, respectively, in total cloud cover conditions. The error analysis further reveals that the cloud hydrometeors dominate the SW CRF, while water vapor changes are most important for LW flux changes in cloudy skies. Similar studies over other locales are encouraged where water and surface albedo changes from clear to cloudy conditions may be much different than observed over the ARM SCF.
Unikernels: The Next Stage of Linux's Dominance

Unikernels have demonstrated enormous advantages over Linux in many important domains, causing some to propose that the days of Linux's dominance may be coming to an end. On the contrary, we believe that unikernels' advantages represent the next natural evolution for Linux, as it can adopt the best ideas from the unikernel approach and, along with its battle-tested codebase and large open source community, continue to dominate. In this paper, we posit that an upstreamable unikernel target is achievable from the Linux kernel, and, through an early Linux unikernel prototype, demonstrate that some simple changes can bring dramatic performance advantages.
Ratnakīrti and the Extent of Inner Space: an Essay on Yogācāra and the Threat of Genuine Solipsism

Though perhaps a dubious honor, Dharmakīrti (fl. c. 550–650 C.E.) is the first philosopher in any tradition to explicitly recognize the epistemological threat of solipsism, devoting an entire essay to the problem—The Justification of (the very idea of) Other Minds (Santānāntarasiddhi). This essay revisits Ratnakīrti’s (990–1050 C.E.) Doing Away with (A Justification of) Other Beings (Santānāntaraduṣaṇa) as a diagnosis of Dharmakīrti’s attempt to reconstruct the very idea of other beings, with particular attention to Ratnakīrti’s sensitivity to the conceptual preconditions for a genuine threat of solipsism. Along with the diagnosis of the conditions for the emergence of a problem of genuine solipsism, this essay takes as its focus Ratnakīrti’s criticism of attempts to meet with the problem. In particular, I shall stress an insight Ratnakīrti adduces in the course of his diagnosis. Attempts to meet the problem of solipsism head on, Ratnakīrti shows us, obscure what the preconditions for a genuine problem reveal: the fact of our possessing two incommensurable conceptions of mind, one of which is intrinsically and entirely first-personal—in a sense to be clarified in the course of this essay—and the other not. I conclude this essay with an inconclusive sketch of the difficulties that remain when considering what Ratnakīrti would have us conclude from his own diagnosis.
Experimental and numerical study into the effects of passive flow disturbance on conversion and C7+ yield of the packed bed Fischer Tropsch reaction

Abstract This experimental and numerical study investigates the effect of flow field alteration via bluff body flow disturbers in the packed bed Fischer-Tropsch (FT) reaction, which is known to be limited by heat and mass transfer and chemical kinetics as prescribed by the reactor geometry, flow and temperature fields, and catalyst properties. Experiments were carried out using a 188 cm3 reactor with 30.8 aspect (length-to-diameter) ratios loaded with 20% cobalt/Al2O3 catalyst and controlled at 200 °C at the exterior wall. Numerical simulation was carried out in the commercial ANSYS Fluent package. Experimental results show that the bluff bodies increased the CO (carbon monoxide) conversion and C7+ yields (hydrocarbons with 7 carbon chains or longer) across the factorial design space by as much as 1.8× and 3.3× of the baseline values, respectively. Numerical simulations suggest that these increases can be attributed to higher thermal conductivities and local velocities for greater heat rejection and lower external mass transfer resistance, respectively. Results suggest that the use of internal flow disturbers in the packed bed had significant influence in lowering the heat and mass transfer resistances of the FT process, and can improve the cost-competitiveness of FT liquids production in the small scale.
Infectious Disorders of the Colon

Infectious colitis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and may be caused by a wide variety of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. This chapter discusses the clinical and pathologic manifestations of the primary agents infecting the colon that may be seen by the surgical pathologist: the diarrheagenic bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli, Aeromonas, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, and Yersinia species), Clostridioides (formerly Clostridium) difficile, Bradyspira spirochetes causing intestinal spirochetosis, Aspergillus species, members of the Mucorales, Cryptococcus neoformans/C. gattii, Histoplasma capsulatum, cytomegalovirus, human immunodeficiency virus, Entamoeba histolytica, Balantidioides coli, Schistosoma species, and Trichuris trichiura. Also covered are the histopathologic differential diagnosis and recommended ancillary tests.
Under-ice mesocosm experiments reveal the primacy of light but the importance of zooplankton in winter phytoplankton dynamics

Factors that regulate planktonic communities under lake ice may be vastly different than the open-water season. However, under-ice food webs in temperate lakes are poorly understood, despite expected changes in light availability, ice cover, and snowfall associated with climate change. We hypothesized that light limitation (bottom-up control) outweighs zooplankton grazing (top-down control) on phytoplankton biovolume and community structure under ice in a north temperate lake. Using in situ under-ice mesocosms, we found that light had stronger effects on phytoplankton abundance than zooplankton, as expected. Specifically, low light limited growth of diatoms, cryptophytes, chrysophytes, and chlorophytes. Zooplankton, however, also significantly affected phytoplankton by decreasing diatoms and cryptophytes, in contrast to the common assumption that zooplankton grazing has negligible effects under ice. Ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus decreased in high light treatments presumably through uptake by phytoplankton, whereas ammonia and soluble reactive phosphorus increased in high zooplankton treatments, likely through excretion. In situ experimental studies are commonly applied to understand food web dynamics in open-water conditions, but are extremely rare under ice. Our results suggest that changes in the light environment under ice have significant, rapid effects on phytoplankton growth and community structure and that zooplankton may play a more active role in winter food webs than previously thought. Changes in snow and ice dynamics associated with climate change may alter the light environment in ice-covered systems and significantly influence community structure.
Ultracompact and Low-Power Logic Circuits via Workfunction Engineering

An extensive analysis of sub-10-nm logic building blocks utilizing ultracompact logic gates based on recently proposed gate workfunction engineering (WFE) approach is provided. WFE sets the WF in the contacts as well as two independent gates of an ambipolar Schottky-barrier (SB) FinFET to alter the threshold of two channels, as a unique leverage to modify the logic functionality out of a single transistor. Thus, a single transistor (1T) CMOS pass-gate, 2T NAND and NOR gates as well as 3T or 4T XOR gates with substantial reduction in overall area (50%) and power (up to $\times 10$ ) dissipation can be implemented. To harness this potential and illustrate the capabilities of these compact ambipolar transistors, novel logic building blocks, including 6T multiplexer, 8T full-adder, 4T latch, 6T D-type flip-flop, and 4T AND-OR-invert (AOI) gates, are developed. Besides the logic verification using 7-nm devices, the dynamic performance of the proposed logic circuits is also analyzed. The comparative simulation study shows that WFE in independent-gate SB-FinFETs can lead to absolutely minimalist CMOS logic blocks without significant degradation to overall power-delay product (PDP) performance.
The Western, Rural Rustbelt: Learning from Local Fiscal Crisis in Oregon

Oregon’s rural timber counties have a great deal in common with the historic, post-industrial towns and cities of the Midwest. In both settings, the Great Recession pressed more pain into areas already downtrodden by the automation of human labor and global marketplaces for construction materials like steel and timber. Gone are olden days of plentiful jobs at livable wages, when hard, steady work earned a man enough money to afford a patch of land and a safe, upwardly-mobile life for his children. When jobs are scarce long enough, individual hardship widens into collective hardship. Sinking revenues mean that local governments can no longer look out for people fallen on hard times, and public services drop to levels not seen since the days of the Wild West. Local voters, as well as state and federal legislators, face striking questions about how deep they are willing to cut back the public sector: Must there be police and ambulances available for emergency dispatch at night and on weekends? Do we need a safety net related to mental health disorders, drug addiction, and poverty in old age?Rural Oregon thus has a great deal to learn from — and teach to — state and local governments of Michigan, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New York, and other hubs of steel and coal country. A more complete and nuanced picture of local fiscal crisis emerges from viewing the two regions together, a picture that overturns some of the settled political expectations and alignments created by viewing the traditional Rustbelt alone. In support of remedial efforts by legislators, scholars, and courts, the present article seeks to synthesize such a national exchange of experiences and policy experiments related to local government fiscal management.
Dynamic Model Reduction for Large-Scale Power Systems Using Wide-Area Measurements

To perform faster than the real-time dynamic simulation of large-scale power systems, it is necessary to reduce the simulated system size by using equivalents for surrounding areas of the study area, and existing dynamic model reduction approach could provide the needed structure of the reduced area. However, further parameter optimization is required to achieve the desired accuracy. In this paper, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) based approach is used to solve the above problem. Parameters for the individual dynamic elements in the reduced system are calibrated repeatedly until the wide-area measurements of the reduced model and the original model are very similar to each other with satisfactory accuracy. Results indicate that after optimization, the dynamic response of the reduced model matches better with that of the original one than using existing methods. Under both the generator-trip event and the bus-fault event, the reduced model has a higher frequency match and less power mismatch.
Digital Defect Based Built-in Self-Test for Low Dropout Voltage Regulators

With the increasing complexity of electronic components in critical applications, pressure on single components to have zero defects is also increasing. Thus there is a need to explore built-in self-test and other non-traditional test techniques for mixed-signal circuits, such as data converters, phase locked loops and power converters. In this paper, we present an extremely low cost, digital built-in self-test methodology for Low Dropout Regulators (LDO), specifically used for defect detection. The technique relies on perturbing the LDO loop at the reference voltage input via pseudo random binary sequence which has white noise characteristics and cross correlating the output of LDO with input excitation using only digital circuits, thus inducing low power and area overhead. The built-in self-test technique together with an LDO is designed using 65nm TMSC technology. Transistor level structural fault simulations display that all inserted faults can be detected even if they do not change the DC level of the LDO output.
Assessing for Schizophrenia in Asian Americans

Schizophrenia is a severe and persistent mental disorder that afflicts people of all ethnicities around the world. The presentation, impact on person and families, and treatment, however, can vary considerably across cultures. The aim of this chapter is to describe the literature on schizophrenia in Asians and Asian Americans (AA) with the intent of developing cultural awareness in psychologists to inform their assessment and treatment of this population. First we describe the presentation of schizophrenia in Asians and AA. This section includes reviews on symptoms, neurocognition, substance abuse, suicide, etiological beliefs, family issues, and complementary and alternative treatments. In the next section, specific assessment tools validated on Asians and AA are described including clinical interviews and measures of the prodrome, psychiatric symptoms, insight into illness, violence risk, quality of life, and neurocognition. General recommendations for the assessment of AAS to guide culturally informed treatment with AAS and families follow. This chapter closes with an illustrative case sample.
Seduction, Surrender, and Transformation: Emotional Engagement in the Analytic Process

What are the actual clinical implications of a relational approach to psychoanalytic therapy? Does recent theorizing about "mutuality" and "intersubjectivity" really change the way analysts work with patients? In her answer to these questions, the author calls on analytic therapists to "show some emotion!". "Seduction, Surrender and Transformation" demonstrates how interpersonal psychoanalysis obliges analysts to engage their patients with geniune emotional responsiveness, so that not only the patient but the analyst too is open to ongoing transformation through the analytic experience. In so doing, the analyst moves from the position of an "interpreting observer" to that of an "active participant and facilitator" whose affective communications enable the patient to acquire basic self-trust along with self-knowledge. In her previous book, "The Power of Countertransference", Maroda was among the first analytic therapists to argue for the legitimacy of the analyst's self-disclosures. Here she further develops her interpersonal approach by grounding her technical recommendations in a clinical theory of affect. Drawing on the current literature on affect, Maroda argues that psychological change occurs through affect-laden interpersonal processes. Given that most patients in psychotherapy have problems with affect management, the completing of cycles of affective communication between therapist and patient becomes a vitally important aspect of the therapeutic enterprise. Through emotionally open responses to their patients and careful use of patient-prompted self-disclosures, analysts can facilitate affect regulation responsibly and constructively, with the emphasis always remaining on the patients' experience. Moments of mutual surrender - the honest emotional giving over of patient to analyst and analyst to patient - epitomize the emotionally intense interpersonal experiences that lead to enduring intrapsychic change. The author shares with the reader how her own personality affects her thinking and her work. Indeed, she believes her theoretical and clinical preferences are emblematic of the way in which the analyst's subjectivity necessarily shapes theory choice and practice preferences in general. "Seduction, Surrender and Transformation" is not only a brief for emotional honesty in the analytic relationship, but also a model of the personal openness that, the author argues, psychoanalysis demands of all its practitioners.
Patent foramen ovale and atrial septal defect

Atrial septal defects (ASD) are among the most common congenital heart diseases encountered in adulthood. Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in up to 25% of the population. ASD could present as isolated lesion or in association with more complex congenital heart disease form as tetralogy of Fallot, or Ebstein's anomaly of tricuspid valve. There is a wide range of clinical presentation ranging from asymptomatic subjects surviving to adulthood undiagnosed to subjects presenting with right heart failure and severe pulmonary vascular disease (Eisenmenger syndrome). This manuscript is an in depth review of the complex atrial septation, the variable clinical presentation of ASD and PFO, and its clinical and therapeutic implications.
Bacterial Growth Control Mechanisms Inferred from Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Single-Cell Measurements

Analysis of single-cell measurements of bacterial growth and division often relied on testing preconceived models of cell size control mechanisms. Such an approach could limit the scope of data analysis and prevent us from uncovering new information. Here, we take an "agnostic" approach by applying regression methods to multiple simultaneously measured cellular variables, which allow us to infer dependencies among those variables from their apparent correlations. Besides previously observed correlations attributed to particular cell size control mechanisms, we identify dependencies that point to potentially new mechanisms. In particular, cells born smaller than their sisters tend to grow faster and make up for the size difference acquired during division. We also find that sister cells are correlated beyond what single-cell, size-control models predict. These trends are consistently found in repeat experiments, although the dependencies vary quantitatively. Such variation highlights the sensitivity of cell growth to environmental variations and the limitation of currently used experimental setups.
Disability community and mental health among college students with physical disabilities

Purpose/objective College students with physical disabilities are often at a higher risk for mental health problems. In addition, some universities have created disability community spaces, but it is not known whether these spaces are associated with social support or increased mental health and well-being among students who use them. This study investigated differences in feelings of perceived social support, depressive symptomatology, and well-being between students with physical disabilities who live in general student housing and students with physical disabilities who live in a disability community. Research Methods/Design: A mixed-methods online survey was used to collect data from students with physical disabilities who lived in a disability community and from those who did not. Of the participants, 27 college students self-identified as having a physical disability (n = 27), 11 participants lived in the disability community (n = 11), and 16 did not (n = 16). Results The quantitative results indicated statistically significant differences between the two groups on all three measures. The open-ended responses revealed that those who lived in the disability community setting felt more connected to other students with physical disabilities. However, the results also showed that many students with physical disabilities felt socially disconnected for a myriad of reasons. Conclusions/implications These findings suggest that living in a disability community may be associated with feeling socially supported and improved mental health outcomes among college students with physical disabilities. Universities and other stakeholders should consider implementing programs to foster disability community among students with physical disabilities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A species-specific, site-sensitive maximum stand density index model for Pacific Northwest conifer forests1

Maximum stand density index (SDIMAX) models were developed for important Pacific Northwest conifers of western Oregon and Washington, USA, based on site and species influences and interactions. Inv...
Dialogic Literary Gatherings: Opening Up Spaces of Meaning Creation and Social Transformation for Roma People

Dialogic Literary Gatherings (DLGs) were created in La Verneda-Sant Marti Adult School, located in one of the poorest working-class neighborhoods in Barcelona (Spain) at the time, in 1978, by a group of non-academic women referred to as the “other women” (Puigvert, 2001). They were created with the aim of tearing down elitist walls which impeded low Socioeconomic Status, migrant, Roma, people with no academic studies or belonging to other excluded groups in society from reading universal classics of literature (Flecha, 2000). None of the participants in the first DLGs had university studies, and yet, they were able to read, understand, enjoy and debate works of authors such as Kafka, Lorca, Dostoyevsky, or Joyce. Moreover, as the scientific research conducted over these years has shown, DLGs have promoted great benefits among these populations, from fostering access to higher education, to increasing their self-esteem, or to becoming transformative agents in front of injustices. DLGs are based on dialogic learning, which is comprised of seven principles. This paper focuses on two of these principles: creation of meaning and transformation. Through reviewing empirical works about DLGs in Spain with adult participants, I argue that the dialogic interactions in which DLGs are grounded and the use of universal classic literature promote participants’ creation of meaning and transformations in their own lives and social contexts.
Peri-Pregnancy Cannabis Use and Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Offspring: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development.

The association of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with self-reported maternal cannabis use from 3 months pre-conception to delivery (“peri-pregnancy”) was assessed in children aged 30–68 months, born 2003 to 2011. Children with ASD (N = 1428) were compared to children with other developmental delays/disorders (DD, N = 1198) and population controls (POP, N = 1628). Peri-pregnancy cannabis use was reported for 5.2% of ASD, 3.2% of DD and 4.4% of POP children. Adjusted odds of peri-pregnancy cannabis use did not differ significantly between ASD cases and DD or POP controls. Results were similar for any use during pregnancy. However, given potential risks suggested by underlying neurobiology and animal models, further studies in more recent cohorts, in which cannabis use and perception may have changed, are needed.
Rock-drill handle vibration: measurement and hazard assessment

The authors characterize the handle vibration of a pneumatically-powered jack-leg rock drill commonly used in Canadian mines, and record its vibration at frequencies above 1400 Hz. The potential health hazard posed by different vibration frequencies may then be explored, by reference to data from medical studies and other types of power tools
Defining access control rules with conditions

The Business Entity method is a new approach for declarative Business Process Modeling. An important aspect of this method is access control rules that determine what users can access what data under what conditions. This paper describes an extension of Semantics of Business Vocabulary and Business Rules (SBVR) for defining these access control rules. A tool supports the creation of these data access control rules by a combination of a matrix format and conditions given in SBVR Structured English. The rules are stored according to the SBVR metamodel, and may be visualized either as individual rules or in a matrix.
TERNARY GAS DIELECTRICS

ABSTRACT Recent findings on ternary gas dielectrics comprising N2 + SF6 or CHF3 + SF6 and small amounts (1 to 30%) of a strongly electron-attaching perfluorocarbon (PFC) are presented and discussed. Breakdown strengths of such ternary gas dielectrics under cylindrical and point-plane nonuniform DC fields and under impulse stress for total pressures varying from 50 to 600 kPa are reported, along with results on the decomposition products of the SF6 + PFC binary components of the ternary mixtures. On the basis of these data ternary gas dielectrics are identified which have high dielectric strengths, are relatively free of carbonization, could reduce SF6 toxicity and corrosion problems, and possess improved DC highly nonuniform field and impulse withstand capabilities. A number of these have dew points comparable to or better than pure SF6 over practical pressure ranges and can be economically attractive if the large-scale production of PFCs reduces their present extremely small-scale production cost by a factor of ˜5 to 10.
A Review of “Aromaticity and Other Conjugation Effects”

The authors based this book on graduate courses in physical organic chemistry taught in their universities. It was written for advanced undergraduate and graduate level students. In the book, the a...
Back‐barrier flooding by storm surges and overland flow

Low-elevation areas within a sandy barrier island are subject to flooding via saturation overland flow following moderate storm surges and rainfall events. Using a high resolution topographic survey and simple hydrology models, we estimate the discharge and velocities from storm surge return flow and saturation overland flow. Results show that return flow velocities are of the same magnitude as the critical velocity necessary to mobilize sand when a hydraulic connection between the watershed and back-barrier bay is present. Storms of moderate strength and rainfall intensity may be sufficient to keep the return channels open within the back-barrier, thus providing natural conduits for water exchange from overwash events during extreme storm surges triggered by hurricanes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin-Isospin Excitations in Nuclei by the (p,n) Reaction

The (p,n) reaction has been successful in delineating the Gamow-Teller strength function in the nuclear excitation spectrum; however, the total strength extracted from experiment is less than that expected from the sum rule if only nucleon spin and isospin degrees of freedom are important in nuclei. Apparently the missing strength is shifted to higher excitation energies primarily through mixing with both 2p-2h and A-h configurations; however, an experimental test is needed to decide the relative importance of these two principal mechanisms.
Design of an active differential mode current filter for a boost power factor correction AC-DC converter

The aim of this paper is to introduce a methodology to design an active DM filter at the input side of AC-DC converters to cancel current ripples and DM EMI noise. The boost PFC AC-DC converter's noise characteristic was first analyzed. The active filter topologies are designed based on the identified characteristics of the AC-DC converters. Several design issues such as thermal run away, DC offset, stability and compensation design, and the number of preamplifier stages are to be addressed in detail. Both simulations and experiments were conducted to validate the proposed methodology. It is found that the proposed design methodology can meet the design objective and the big stability challenge for the DM active filter of AC-DC converters.
Transmission of employment shocks before and after the Oklahoma City tornado

Abstract This study examined the economic impact of the May 3, 1999 Oklahoma tornado outbreak on the labor markets of Oklahoma City (OK), Wichita (KS), and Kansas City (MO). In particular, this article examines the transmission of shocks to employment growth across these different labor markets. Using monthly employment data from January 1990 to December 2004, we provide empirical evidence on the cross-market relationships that existed before and after the Oklahoma City tornado. The results suggest that the impact of the wind event may have altered labor market dynamics in Oklahoma City, as well as Wichita and Kansas City.
Research misconduct and crime lessons from criminal science on preventing misconduct and promoting integrity.

Crime is naught but misdirected energy. So long as every institution of today, economic, political, social, and moral, conspires to misdirect human energy into wrong channels; so long as most people are out of place doing the things they hate to do, living a life they loathe to live, crime will be inevitable. Emma Goldman, Anarchism and Other Essays For 200 years, criminologists theorized that delinquent and criminal acts arise from deviant psychological states (such as irrationality or immorality) and/or social conditions that produce these psychological states. This theoretical perspective, which is being duplicated in most efforts to understand and control research misconduct, has not been productive. More recently, criminological perspectives have emerged, emphasizing situational factors that enhance or restrict the opportunity for illegal or imprudent behavior. These so-called “opportunity” theories have been shown to have practical value in reducing crime rates. We explore the promise of these newer...
Grain growth and twin formation in boron-doped nickel polycrystals

Abstract Formation of annealing twins and its relation to grain growth is investigated. Our previous studies have established a relation between twin density, grain size, and temperature. A model of the mechanism of their formation based on the emergence of Shockley partial loops on consecutive {1 1 1} planes during grain migration has also been developed previously. This model can satisfactorily explain some experimental and theoretical results found over the years. In this paper we provide additional experimental evidence in support of our model by investigating twin formation in boron-doped nickel. We find that boron addition slows down grain growth, though the kinetics of grain growth remains parabolic. There is a drastic reduction in twin density due to boron addition especially around a boron content of ∼200 ppm.
Phase I clinical trial and human pharmacokinetics of 2,4-diamino-5-adamantyl-6-methyl pyrimidine ethane sulfonate (DAMP-ES): a lipid-soluble antifolate.

A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of a novel lipid-soluble antifolate, 2,4 diamino-5-adamanty-6-methyl pyrimidine ethane sulfonate (DAMP-ES) has been carried out on two schedules: I—dailyx5; II—24-h continuous infusion. In schedule I, doses of 10–90 mg/m2 per day were evaluated. Dose-limiting toxicity was hematologic, but nausea and vomiting, skin rash, diarrhea, anorexia, alopecia, mucositis, and neurotoxicity were also noted. In schedule II, doses of 192 and 240 mg/m2 were evaluated. Dose-limiting toxicity was neurotoxicity, but hematologic toxicity was also marked. Recommended starting doses for phase II studies are 75 mg/m2 per day for 5 days or 192 mg/m2 by continuous infusion for 24 h. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated a β-phase plasma half-life of 12.4–24 h and a large and variable volume of distribution.
Mixed-state dynamics in one-dimensional quantum lattice systems: A time-dependent superoperator renormalization algorithm

We present an algorithm to study mixed-state dynamics in one-dimensional quantum lattice systems. The algorithm can be used, e.g., to construct thermal states or to simulate real time evolution given by a generic master equation. Its two main ingredients are (i) a superoperator renormalization scheme to efficiently describe the state of the system and (ii) the time evolving block decimation technique to efficiently update the state during a time evolution. The computational cost of a simulation increases significantly with the amount of correlations between subsystems, but it otherwise depends only linearly on the system size. We present simulations involving quantum spins and fermions in one spatial dimension.
Can one lung ventilation prevent air embolism in the lung injury victim

Abstract Purpose The current literature indicates that patients with hilar lung injury who are receiving positive pressure ventilation are at risk for systemic air embolism, but no studies have yet tested an alternative to the current management: immediate thoracotomy and hilar clamping. We wanted to demonstrate that one lung ventilation of the uninjured lung protects against the formation of arterial air embolism in the presence of contralateral hilar lung injury. Methods In 6 juvenile swine, the right bronchus was selectively ventilated, and ultrasound of the abdominal aorta was used to detect air emboli. The hilum of the left lung was stabbed with a scalpel; after a brief period of monitoring to detect air emboli, the tip of the endotracheal tube was withdrawn into the trachea and the left lung ventilated. Results Air emboli were detected in 2 animals. The air emboli did not form while the lung was isolated, but they did appear immediately when the endotracheal tube was withdrawn into the trachea. Air was also noted in the chambers of the heart and coronary arteries, and led to fibrillation and death. Conclusions One lung ventilation appears to protect against arterial air embolism in unilateral hilar lung injury. (Curr Surg 57:349–353)
Identification of Linear Time-Varying Systems Through Waveform Diversity

Linear, time-varying (LTV) systems composed of time shifts, frequency shifts, and complex amplitude scalings are operators that act on continuous finite-energy waveforms. This paper presents a novel, resource-efficient method for identifying the parametric description of such systems, i.e., the time shifts, frequency shifts, and scalings, from the sampled response to linear frequency modulated (LFM) waveforms, with emphasis on the application to radar processing. If the LTV operator is probed with a sufficiently diverse set of LFM waveforms, then the system can be identified with high accuracy. In the case of noiseless measurements, the identification is perfect, while in the case of noisy measurements, the accuracy is inversely proportional to the noise level. The use of parametric estimation techniques with recently proposed denoising algorithms allows the estimation of the parameters with high accuracy.
Preoperative irradiation for carcinoma of the endometrium: indications and results.

Abstract One hundred thirty patients with carcinoma of the endometrium were treated preoperatively with external irradiation (4000 rad) and radium application (2500 mg/hr or 2000 rad). Criteria for preoperative irradiation included: large uterus [19], signs of myometrial invasion on hysterogram [50], cervical involvement [37], poorly differentiated or anaplastic carcinoma [13], adenosquamous cell carcinoma [10], or squamous cell carcinoma [1]. Hysterography was performed as part of the pretreatment work-up in 93 patients (71%). Diffuse, multiple or single large defects were observed in the fundus in 72%, 8% had defects in the lower uterine segment, and the remaining 20% showed no gross defects on hysterography. Eighty-seven (67%) had no residual tumor in the hysterectomy specimen, while residual carcinoma was seen in forty-three (33%). No local recurrence has developed in the pelvis or vagina. Six patients have developed extra-pelvic metastasis, and four have died of disease. Overall survival is 97% with follow-up of 1 to 6 years.
A time projection chamber for detection of double beta decay

Abstract A time projection chamber is being used to study double beta decay in 82Se. The construction, operation, and performance of this device are described.