cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Kainic-acid-induced seizures: a developmental study.

Abstract Developmental dose-response curves for kainic-acid-induced seizures were generated in rats. Rats at 15–18 days (pups), 33–37 days (pubescents) and over 90 days (adults) were administered kainic acid intraperitoneally. Seizures were elicited in all 3 age groups, but some of the behavioral manifestations differed in the pups. This group also had the lowest convulsive threshold, the most severe seizures and the highest mortality. Forelimb convulsions and status epilepticus were associated with the occurrence of necrotic lesions in the adults and pubescents but not in the pups. Deoxyglucose (DG) autoradiographic studies of the convulsing rats disclosed differences in the DG uptake pattern of the substantia nigra across the 3 age groups. Increases in the DG uptake were present in the two older age groups but not in the pups. Since recent data have implicated the substantia nigra as a crucial site in a seizure modifying circuitry in adult animals, our results suggest that the lack of substantia nigra involvement in the pups may account for the early generalization and the increased severity of seizures in this age group.
A wolf in sheep’s clothing? A missiological examination of the United States evangelical adoption and orphan care movement

The contemporary case of high-profile evangelical groups promoting intercountry adoption in books, conferences, and church ministries in the United States is a situation that requires missiological examination. This article makes an argument for the need for a broadened theological base from which to understand intercountry adoption and orphan care, as well as the need for critical engagement with related knowledge bases in the social sciences. It includes discussion of the difficulties associated with adoption of children as a missionary strategy and making parallel the adoption of children with a believer’s adoption by God. Integration of the biblical theme of power reversal to attain social justice for the oppressed with current adoption literature is used to problematize the theological and practical emphases of the evangelical adoption and orphan care movement, and to inform Christian thought and practices related to child removal and welfare.
A fluidic diode, valves, and a sequential-loading circuit fabricated on layered paper

Current microfluidic paper-based devices lack crucial components for fluid manipulation. We created a fluidic diode fabricated entirely on a single layer of paper to control the wicking of fluids. The fluidic diode is a two-terminal component that promotes or stops wicking along a paper channel. We further constructed a trigger and a delay valve based on the fluidic diode. Furthermore, we demonstrated a high-level functional circuit, consisting of a diode and a delay valve, to manipulate two fluids in a sequential manner. Our study provides new, transformative tools to manipulate fluid in microfluidic paper-based devices.
Temperature effects on α2-adrenergic receptor-Gi interactions

The effect of temperature on the binding of alpha 2-adrenergic agonists and antagonists to human platelet membranes was studied. Equilibrium binding of the alpha 2 antagonist, [3H]yohimbine, was affected minimally, whereas the rate of dissociation changed 40-fold over a temperature range of 5-35 degrees. The antagonist dissociation rates were characterized by a linear Arrhenius plot and an activation energy of 20.5 kcal/mol. The equilibrium binding of the full alpha 2 agonist, [3H]UK 14,304 [5-bromo-6-N-2-4,5-dihydroimidazolyl)quinoxaline tartrate] showed a 50% decrease in Bmax at 5 degrees as well as a 2-fold decrease in affinity. The kinetics of [3H]UK 14,304 binding were affected more significantly by decreases in temperature. The agonist exhibited fast and slow phases of binding. The fast binding was minimally sensitive to temperature in the range of 0-30 degrees with only a 6-fold change in rate. The slow binding rates changed nearly 100-fold over the same temperature range. Also, the slow rate of agonist binding was characterized by a nonlinear Arrhenius plot with a "break" at approximately 17 degrees, which was found previously to be the phase transition temperature of platelet membrane lipids [Lohse et al., Molec. Pharmac. 29, 228 (1986)]. Despite the reduction of high affinity [3H]UK 14,304 binding at 5 degrees, approximately half of the binding remained sensitive to guanine nucleotides. The data are interpreted in the context of a model in which the fast agonist binding represents a bimolecular interaction of ligand with two pre-existing conformations of the alpha 2 receptor, one coupled to Gi and the other permanently uncoupled. The slow binding of agonist appears to require protein diffusion in the lipid membrane or a protein conformational change which is dependent on the lipid environment.
Conversion of a cosubstrate to an inhibitor: phosphorylation mutants of nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase.

Nicotinic acid phosphoribosyltransferase (NAPRTase; EC 2.4.2.11) forms nicotinic acid mononucleotide (NAMN) and PPi from 5-phosphoribosyl 1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) and nicotinic acid (NA). The Vmax NAMN synthesis activity of the Salmonella typhimurium enzyme is stimulated about 10-fold by ATP, which, when present, is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi in 1:1 stoichiometry with NAMN formed. The overall NAPRTase reaction involves phosphorylation of a low-affinity form of the enzyme by ATP, followed by generation of a high-affinity form of the enzyme, which then binds substrates and produces NAMN. Hydrolysis of E−P then regenerates the low-affinity form of the enzyme with subsequent release of products. Our earlier studies [Gross, J., Rajavel, M., Segura, E., and Grubmeyer, C. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 3917−3924] have shown that His-219 becomes phosphorylated in the N1 (π) position by ATP. Here, we have mutated His-219 to glutamate and asparagine and determined the properties of the purified mutant enzymes. The mutant NAPR...
Developmental gene expression profiling of mammalian, fetal orofacial tissue.

BACKGROUND The embryonic orofacial region is an excellent developmental paradigm that has revealed the centrality of numerous genes encoding proteins with diverse and important biological functions in embryonic growth and morphogenesis. DNA microarray technology presents an efficient means of acquiring novel and valuable information regarding the expression, regulation, and function of a panoply of genes involved in mammalian orofacial development. METHODS To identify differentially expressed genes during mammalian orofacial ontogenesis, the transcript profiles of GD-12, GD-13, and GD-14 murine orofacial tissue were compared utilizing GeneChip arrays from Affymetrix. Changes in gene expression were verified by TaqMan quantitative real-time PCR. Cluster analysis of the microarray data was done with the GeneCluster 2.0 Data Mining Tool and the GeneSpring software. RESULTS Expression of >50% of the ∼12,000 genes and expressed sequence tags examined in this study was detected in GD-12, GD-13, and GD-14 murine orofacial tissues and the expression of several hundred genes was up- and downregulated in the developing orofacial tissue from GD-12 to GD-13, as well as from GD-13 to GD-14. Such differential gene expression represents changes in the expression of genes encoding growth factors and signaling molecules; transcription factors; and proteins involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, extracellular matrix synthesis, cell adhesion, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Following cluster analysis of the microarray data, eight distinct patterns of gene expression during murine orofacial ontogenesis were selected for graphic presentation of gene expression patterns. CONCLUSIONS This gene expression profiling study identifies a number of potentially unique developmental participants and serves as a valuable aid in deciphering the complex molecular mechanisms crucial for mammalian orofacial development. Supplementary material for this article can be found at http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/suppmat/1542-0752/suppmat/2004/70/v70.mukhopadhyay.html Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2004. © 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Furan- and pyrrole-containing analogs of α-quinquethiophene: spectroscopic and electrochemical properties

Abstract A series of pentacyclic analogs of α-quinquethiophene containing one or two furan or pyrrole units has been synthesized. The synthesis is based on the cyanide-catalyzed Stetter reaction, providing the ketonic precursors to the pentacycles. Spectral and electrochemical investigations show that the redox-stable mixed pentacycles display hypsochromic shifts in their absorption maxima, as well as a greater ease of oxidation, in comparison to α-quinquethiophene.
Attributional Modesty in Women.

Three experiments were conducted to test a two-factor model of the determinants of attributional modesty in women. Women tended to make modest attributions for success when they were concerned about how others would evaluate them and when they were concerned about their own self-image. Specifically, the knowledge that one's attributions would be public and the anticipation of future performance on similar tasks led to modesty. Self-derogatory attributions for failure occurred when the subjects thought their attributions would be public.
Multi-objective sensor-based replanning for a car-like robot

This paper studies a core problem in multi-objective mission planning for robots governed by differential constraints. The problem considered is the following. A car-like robot computes a plan to move from a start configuration to a goal region. The robot is equipped with a sensor that can alert it if an anomaly appears within some range while the robot is moving. In that case, the robot tries to deviate from its computed path and gather more information about the target without incurring considerable delays in fulfilling its primary mission, which is to move to its final destination. This problem is important in, e.g., surveillance, where inspection of possible threats needs to be balanced with completing a nominal route. The paper presents a simple and intuitive framework to study the trade-offs present in the above problem. Our work utilizes a state-of-the-art sampling-based planner, which employs both a high-level discrete guide and low-level planning. We show that modifications to the distance function used by the planner and to the weights that the planner employs to compute the high-level guide can help the robot react online to new secondary objectives that were unknown at the outset of the mission. The modifications are computed using information obtained from a conventional camera model. We find that for small percentage increases in path length, the robot can achieve significant gains in information about an unexpected target.
The Influence of Federal Regional Offices on State Medicaid Maternal and Child Health-Care Services

This articlefocuses on the influence offederal regional administrative offices on maternal and child health-care services in state Medicaid programs. The empirical results demonstrate that regional administrative offices affect the adoption of state policy choices. More traditional economic and political variables seem to have little direct impact. Thesefindings provide important insights into the role of federal regional offices in state Medicaid maternal and child health-care services. They emphasize the needforfurther empirical research on the exactprocesses by which regional administrative offices exert their impact on the American policy process.
Fluorescent 1,10-phenanthroline-containing oligonucleotides distinguish between perfect and mismatched base pairing.

A fluorescent deoxyuridine analogue is sensitive to the polarity of its environment and exhibits a distinct emission profile in single- vs double-stranded oligonucleotides. Emission-monitored denaturation curves of internally modified dUphen duplexes are characteristic of the base opposite dUphen and distinguish between perfect and mismatched complementary oligonucleotides.
MIMO outage capacity in the high SNR regime

We consider a multi-input multi-output (MIMO) fading channel with coherent reception and provide a sharp characterization of the outage capacity in the form of an asymptotically tight (in the limit of high signal-to-noise ratio) affine lower bound, under only mild assumptions on the fading distribution. The bound is simpler to compute than the original capacity and succinctly captures the various features particular to the channel. For systems where both the transmitter and the receiver have perfect channel state information, we derive asymptotically tight affine lower bounds on the outage capacities under a long-term and a short-term power constraint as well as on the delay-limited capacity. Further, when only the receiver has perfect channel state information, and when the rank of the channel matrix is equal to the number of transmit antennas with probability one, we show that an isotropic Gaussian input is asymptotically optimal. Moreover, for Ricean channels the asymptotic effect of the Rice factor on the delay-limited capacity is also characterized
Control of vascular contractility by the cardiac pacemaker

Rhythmic contractile activity, synchronized with pulsatile pressure changes, was recorded from rabbit aorta in vivo. The contractions were locked in frequency to the pulsatile activity of the heart even when the heart was electrically paced to rates as high as 600 cycles per minute; termination of cardiac contractility resulted in their elimination. When the atria and ventricles contracted at different rates, the pulse-synchronized contractions were locked to the atrial rate. Excision of the right atrium, but not the left, resulted in the abolition of pulse-synchronized contractions. It is concluded that common pacemaker controls cardiac and vascular contractility, coordinating events in the two tissues.
Some Evidence for Long-Period Barotropic Waves in the Florida Current

Abstract A large number of vertical profiles of horizontal current were observed during the last two years in the Florida Straits. For a two-week set of observations, it is found that westward meandering of the Florida Current is accompanied by a reduction of the overall volume transport through the Straits of Florida, deep southward flow, and a deepening of the midstream isothermal field. The meandering motion for the observed case is interpreted as a predominantly barotropic wave with a time scale of several days.
Soil tests for available copper and zinc in soils of Western Nigeria

Four soil tests for copper and zinc were evaluated for their ability to predict Cu and Zn uptake by oats (Avena sativa, L., Lodi var.) grown on 28 soils from Western Nigeria. Statistical analyses showed that EDTA was a better extractant for predicting Cu uptake than was DTPA, 0.1 N-HCl or 1 N-HCl. Copper uptake was more strongly correlated with inorganic soil fractions than with organic matter and was not significantly affected by soil pH. The best prediction of Zn uptake was provided by a combination of 0.1 N-HCl extractable Zn, pH, organic matter and the silt plus clay fraction in a multiple regression analysis. All four extractants predicted plant Zn uptake better on soils of pH less than 6.0 than on soils of pH greater than 6.0. A significant amount of Cu and Zn in the soils appeared to be associated with sesquioxides, part of which was available for plant use.
A nucleotide state-sensing region on actin.

The nucleotide state of actin (ATP, ADP-Pi, or ADP) is known to impact its interactions with other actin molecules upon polymerization as well as with multiple actin binding proteins both in the monomeric and filamentous states of actin. Recently, molecular dynamics simulations predicted that a sequence located at the interface of subdomains 1 and 3 (W-loop; residues 165–172) changes from an unstructured loop to a β-turn conformation upon ATP hydrolysis (Zheng, X., Diraviyam, K., and Sept, D. (2007) Biophys. J. 93, 1277–1283). This region participates directly in the binding to other subunits in F-actin as well as to cofilin, profilin, and WH2 domain proteins and, therefore, could contribute to the nucleotide sensitivity of these interactions. The present study demonstrates a reciprocal communication between the W-loop region and the nucleotide binding cleft on actin. Point mutagenesis of residues 167, 169, and 170 and their site-specific labeling significantly affect the nucleotide release from the cleft region, whereas the ATP/ADP switch alters the fluorescence of probes located in the W-loop. In the ADP-Pi state, the W-loop adopts a conformation similar to that in the ATP state but different from the ADP state. Binding of latrunculin A to the nucleotide cleft favors the ATP-like conformation of the W-loop, whereas ADP-ribosylation of Arg-177 forces the W-loop into a conformation distinct from those in the ADP and ATP-states. Overall, our experimental data suggest that the W-loop of actin is a nucleotide sensor, which may contribute to the nucleotide state-dependent changes in F-actin and nucleotide state-modulated interactions of both G- and F-actin with actin-binding proteins.
Similarity between women and men in manifestation of myocardial ischemia during exercise

Abstract We assessed the effect of gender on the electrocardiographic changes and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion during exercise in patients with coronary artery disease. Eighty-nine patients with coronary artery disease (50% or greater diameter narrowing of one or more major coronary arteries) who had undergone exercise thallium scintigraphy were retrospectively studied. There were 29 women and 60 men. Fifty-six patients had one-vessel disease, 11 patients had two-vessel disease, and 22 patients had three-vessel disease or left main disease. The extent of coronary artery disease was assessed by the Gensini score. There was no difference between men and women in age, medications, number of diseased vessels and the coronary artery disease score. Exercise tolerance was lower, although insignificantly in women compared to men. However, exercise heart rate, double product, and the electrocardiographic response were similar in men and women. Also, both the presence and size of exercise-induced perfusion defects were similar in men and women. Thus, the electrocardiographic response to exercise is not influenced by gender in patients with similar extent of coronary artery disease and comparable manifestations of myocardial ischemia.
EFFECTS OF SURFACE ACTIVE AGENTS ON NEUTROPHIL RECEPTORS

An easily performed assay to identify the C3b and Fc receptor on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was developed. Salmonella typhi were directly fluoresceinated and then incubated in non-immune fresh human serum which led to C3b fixation via activation of the alternative pathway. Similarly, Type II pneumococci were fluoresceinated and opsonized with type specific rabbit anti-serum. PMN bearing C3b and Fc receptors formed rosettes with the respective bacteria which were easily readable because of their bright fluorescence. Studies employing various surface agents were employed to provide information on the physical properties of PMN receptors. Incubation of PMN at 37° C with C3-coated bacteria generated 54±5% C3b rosettes whereas PMN incubated with IgG coated bacteria yielded 78±8% rosettes. Heat inactivation of the fresh human serum at 56° C for 30 minutes completely inhibited the formation of the C3b and addition of goat anti-rabbit IgG inhibited the formation of the Fc rosettes. Pre-incubation of PMN with 1 mg/ml Trypsin, 1 mM N-ethyl maleimide, xanthine-xanthine oxidase to generate 20 nm superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 10 mM H2O2, and 8×10−4 M hydrocortisone reduced the number of C3b rosettes to values of 25±6%, 7±6%, 22±4%, 36±2%, and 24±5%, respectively, but had no significant effect on the number of Fc rosettes. Thus, this study provides evidence for selective receptors for C3b and Fc on PMN membranes.
Environmental effects on motor development: the case of "African infant precocity"

In order to clarify the extent and cause of African infants' precocity in motor development, as reported by Geber and others, 64 babies and their families were intensively studied in a rural Kenyan community. It was found that the motor skills of sitting and walking, which the Kenyan babies acquired early (by American standards), are (a) specifically taught by the caretakers and (b) can be practised in the course of their usual daily routines. They are not advanced in skills which are not taught or practised. Middle-class urban Kenyan children from the same ethnic background were found generally to be intermediate in both environmental encouragement and rate of advancement. Preliminary results from other groups in Kenya suggest that encouragement of motor development is widespread and that for behaviors which are differentially encouraged among groups, the average age of attainment is predictable from environmental measures.
Special diets for neutropenic patients: do they make a difference?

H ISTORICALLY individuals with a diagnosis of cancer frequently died of hemorrhage and/or infection related either to their disease or treatment. With the advent of cell separaters and aphoresis techniques and the availability of prophylactic and therapeutic platelet transfusions, the risk of death from bleeding has been reduced.‘-3 The risk of death from infection has also been reduced with the administration of new classifications of antibiotics that provide effective treatment for previously life-threatening infections.4-6 Efforts toward preventing infections in severely immunocompromised individuals with a malignant disease are ongoing.
Characterization of nickel phosphorus surface by ToF-SIMS

Abstract ToF-SIMS was used to characterize the surface of nickel phosphorus (NiP) layers that were electrolessly plated on aluminum substrates of magnetic recording disks. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was also used to study the bonding nature of phosphorus and nickel. ToF-SIMS and XPS results showed that the NiP surface is oxidized and composed of nickel oxide, nickel hydroxide, nickel phosphate, and nickel phosphite. It was also shown that the oxidized NiP surface is about 10 A thick and has a dual layer structure. In the dual layer structure, nickel oxide and hydroxide form the top layer while nickel phosphate and phosphite make the bottom layer. It was concluded that the oxidation of NiP surface is electrochemical in nature.
Intrahippocampal muscimol shifts learning strategy in gonadally intact young adult female rats

Learning strategy preferences depend upon circulating estrogen levels, with enhanced hippocampus-sensitive place learning coinciding with elevated estrogen levels. The effects of estrogen on strategy may be mediated by fluctuations in GABAergic function, given that inhibitory tone in the hippocampus is low when estrogen is high. We investigated the effects on learning strategy of intrahippocampal injections of a GABA(A) agonist in gonadally intact female rats. On the day of training, rats received 0.3 microL intrahippocampal infusions of muscimol (0.26 nmol or 2.6 nmol) or saline 20 min prior to training on a T-maze in which place (hippocampus-sensitive) or response (striatum-sensitive) strategies offer effective solutions. Muscimol treatment increased the use of the response strategy in a dose-dependent manner without influencing learning speed, indicating that muscimol modulated strategy and not learning ability. Furthermore, the muscimol-related shift to response strategies varied across the estrous cycle. The results indicate that increasing inhibition in the hippocampus biases rats away from hippocampus-sensitive place learning strategies and toward hippocampus-insensitive response learning strategies without a learning deficit. Furthermore, rats at proestrus demonstrated the most dramatic shift in learning strategy following muscimol treatment compared with control conditions, while rats at estrus demonstrated the most complete bias toward response strategies. The enhanced use of hippocampus-sensitive strategies at proestrus likely results from reduced hippocampal inhibition.
Phenomenology of thermal signatures of disturbed and undisturbed soils

The Engineering Research and Development Center participated in several field programs, mainly in desert areas, using ground-based and airborne thermal imagers and radiometers to investigate the thermal signatures of disturbed and undisturbed soils, including disturbed soils over buried munitions. Analysis of the thermal imagery indicates the thermal temperature difference between the disturbed and undisturbed soil varies diurnally. The thermal temperature differences have similar diurnal patterns for the different field programs and different environmental conditions. This paper presents the analysis of the field measurements and model simulations used to quantify the observed thermal temperature differences.
Predictors of Inpatient Outcomes in Hospitalized Patients After Left Heart Catheterization

Clinical and laboratory factors predicting inpatient outcomes, specifically in-hospital mortality and length of stay (LOS), have not been defined for hospitalized patients specifically referred for left heart catheterization and coronary angiography (LHC). The objective of the study was to determine these outcomes and their predictors in hospitalized patients after LHC. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors for in-hospital mortality and Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify factors determining LOS in 9,420 consecutive patients hospitalized for LHC. Odds ratio for in-hospital mortality and hazard ratio for prolonged LOS were derived. The strongest predictors of mortality were advanced age, left ventricular (LV) end-diastolic pressure (EDP), LV ejection fraction (EF), systemic blood pressure, and renal insufficiency. Predictors of prolonged LOS were LVEDP, LVEF, 3-vessel coronary artery disease, and valvular disease. Clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with an LVEF ≥50% were also compared with those of patients with an LVEF
Spin-trapping studies of hydroxyl radical production involved in lipid peroxidation.

Abstract Evidence presented in this report suggests that the hydroxyl radical (OH.), which is generated from liver microsomes is an initiator of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation. The conclusions are based on the following observations: 1) hydroxyl radical production in liver microsomes as measured by esr spin-trapping correlates with the extent of NADPH induced microsomal lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde formation; 2) peroxidative degradation of arachidonic acid in a model OH · generating system, namely, the Fenton reaction takes place readily and is inhibited by thiourea, a potent OH · scavenger, indicating that the hydroxyl radical is capable of initiating lipid peroxidation; 3) trapping of the hydroxyl radical by the spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide prevents lipid peroxidation in liver microsomes during NADPH oxidation, and in the model system in the presence of linolenic acid. The possibility that cytochrome P-450 reductase is involved in NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation is discussed. The optimal pH for the production of the hydroxyl radical in liver microsomes is 7.2. The generation of the hydroxyl radical is correlated with the amount of microsomal protein, possibly NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. A critical concentration of EDTA (5 × 10−5 m ) is required for maximal production of the hydroxyl radical in microsomal lipid peroxidation during NADPH oxidation. High concentrations of Fe2+-EDTA complex equimolar in iron and chelator do not inhibit the production of the hydroxyl radical. The production of the hydroxyl radical in liver microsomes is also promoted by high salt concentrations. Evidence is also presented that OH radical production in microsomes during induced lipid peroxidation occurs primarily via the classic Fenton reaction.
English Acquisition and Japanese Language Maintenance Among Japanese-American Youth

Despite the growing number of Japanese speaking immigrants in the United States and the pronounced linguistic dissimilarity between Japanese and English, few studies have examined English proficiency levels or Japanese language maintenance. We use 2000 data from the 5 per cent IPUMS file to examine English proficiency and language maintenance among first-, second-, and third-or higher- generation Japanese immigrant youth in the United States. Before presenting multivariate results for our dependent variables, descriptive statistics are presented detailing numerous significant differences within and across generations. Furthermore, the second-generation is divided into subgroups based on each parent’s birthplace. This study also contrasts the results of Japanese-Americans with those of Korean-Americans, speakers of another language very distinct from English, in an attempt to ground the significance of our findings. Findings provide support for many of the hypotheses advanced. They also reveal that our regression models generally did a much better job explaining English acquisition among Japanese-Americans than Korean-Americans.
N‐(4‐Hydro­xy­phenyl)male­imide

In the title compound, C10H7NO3, the malamute ring is rotated by 52.75 (5)° with respect to the phenyl ring. There is a weak O—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bond between the hydroxyl group and one of the malamute O atoms, with an O⋯O distance of 2.820 (2) A.
Systemic Absorption of Retinoic Acid

AbstractThe absorption of [I4C]retinoic acid (RA) from a commercial 0.05% cream formulation has been studied in the rhesus monkey and humans. The RA was applied to the shaved back of 6 animals for 24 hr at a dosage of 200 mg cream/100 cm2 skin. Three animals had normal skin and three had dermatitic skin produced by 2 weeks' pretreatment of the back with 0.05% RA cream. RA 100 mg/50 cm2 was also applied for 10 hr to the face of eight human subjects, four with normal skin and four with dermatitic skin secondary to 2 weeks' pretreatment with RA. In both sets of experiments, absorption was assessed from urinary excretion of radioactivity corrected for excretion via other routes.The RA absorption in the monkey was found to be 9.6% and 48.3% of the dose, respectively, for normal and dermatitic skin. In humans the effect of dermatitic skin was much less, with absorption being 5.3% and 7.2% of the dose for normal and dermatitic skin, respectively. In dermatitic skin, the kinetics reflected a damaged barrier, with...
Monoclonal antibodies to Escherichia coli 5OS ribosomes

Hybridoma cell lines that produce monoclonal antibodies directed against 50S Ribosomal proteins have been isolated. Spleen cells (from BALB/c mice immunized with 50S ribosomal subunits extracted from Escherichia coli) were fused to mouse myeloma cell line SP2/O-Ag 14. The initial screening for antibody producing hybridomas was carried out by a double antibody sandwich method; hybridomas were subsequently cloned in soft agar. Antibodies were characterized by their specific binding to individual 50S ribsomal proteins separated on phosphocellulose columns and in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels. The assignments were confirmed with purified single ribosomal proteins. Of four clones analyzed thus far, two are identical with specificity for r-protein L5. The other clones produce two different antibodies directed against r-protein L20. Each monoclonal antibody formed ribosome dimers visualizable in the electron microscope. Dimers could be reacted with a different second antibody to form chains containing 8 or more ribosomes, which may be useful for structural studies.
Can Land-Based Strategic Bombers Survive an SLBM Attack?

The B-1 bomber will receive Presidential review in early 1977. A recent study by the Brookings Institution on the B-1 contains an erroneous analysis of its survivability in an SLBM attack, which detracts from the overall merit of the study. This issue is discussed and an alternative analysis is presented.
Laser excited fluorescence of hematoporphyrin derivative for diagnosis of cancer

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) is selectively retained in malignant tumors for several days after intravenous injection. It fluoresces in the red (600-720 nm) when excited by shorter wavelengths, especially violet (near 400 nm). While fluorescence efficiency is not high, it can be detected at parts per million concentrations when excited by a low-background source such as a krypton ion laser (413 nm), and the fluorescence detected by an image intensifier or photomultiplier tube. We have developed an intensifier based fluorescence imaging system for localization of carcinoma in situ of the lung, aided by digital background subtraction in a video system. A ratio fluorometer and spectrum analyzer have been added for research and for quantitative, noncontact measurements of fluorescence intensity and spectrum of HPD fluorescence and autofluorescence of tissue. Research is continuing to determine the optimum time after injection for best contrast, and the maximum allowable dosage of HPD, limited by the induced temporary photosensitivity of the skin. In diagnosis of epithelial or superficial tumors, the monochromatic radiation and suitability for coupling through fiberoptics, as well as reasonable power (typically 15 mW violet is used) are the principal advantages of the laser.
The Management of Inflammation in Periodontal Disease

It has become clear in recent years that periodontitis is an inflammatory disease initiated by oral microbial biofilm. This distinction implies that it is the host response to the biofilm that destroys the periodontium in the pathogenesis of the disease. As our understanding of pathways of inflammation has matured, a better understanding of the molecular basis of resolution of inflammation has emerged. Resolution of inflammation is an active, agonist-mediated, well-orchestrated return of tissue homeostasis. There is an important distinction between anti-inflammation and resolution; anti-inflammation is pharmacologic intervention in inflammatory pathways, whereas resolution is biologic pathways restoring homeostasis. A growing body of research suggests that chronic inflammatory periodontal disease involves a failure of resolution pathways to restore homeostasis. This article reviews the resolution of inflammation in the context of periodontal disease and the potential for the modification of resolution pathways for the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. Proof-of-concept studies in the 1980s demonstrated that pharmacologic anti-inflammation prevented and slowed the progression of periodontal diseases in animals and man. However, the side-effect profile of such therapies precluded the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or other enzyme inhibitors or receptor antagonists in periodontal therapy. The isolation and characterization of resolving agonist molecules has opened a new area of research using endogenous lipid mediators of resolution as potential therapeutic agents for the management of inflammatory periodontitis. Work in animal models of periodontitis has revealed the potential of this therapeutic approach for its prevention and treatment and forced the reconsideration of our understanding of the pathogenesis of human periodontal diseases.
Full-wave analysis of aperture coupled shielded microstrip lines

A full-wave space-domain integral equation analysis of aperture coupled shielded microstrip lines is presented. It is based on Pocklington's integrals and the equivalence principle. The derivation of the associated dyadic Green's functions in the form of waveguide longitudinal section electric (LSE) and LSM (longitudinal section magnetic) modes is described. The line currents and slot voltage are expanded in terms of subsectional basis functions, and the method of moments, together with even and odd mode transmission line analysis, is applied to determine the two-port scattering parameters. A particular case is discussed to demonstrate the behavior of the coupler as a bandpass interconnect. >
Can an Inquiry Approach Improve College Student Learning in a Teaching Laboratory

We present an inquiry-based, hands-on laboratory exercise on enzyme activity for an introductory college biology course for science majors. We measure student performance on a series of objective and subjective questions before and after completion of this exercise; we also measure performance of a similar cohort of students before and after completion of an existing, standard, “direct” exercise over the same topics. Although student performance on these questions increased significantly after completion of the inquiry exercise, it did not increase after completion of the control, standard exercise. Pressure to “cover” many complex topics as preparation for high-stakes examinations such as the Medical College Admissions Test may account for persistence of highly efficient, yet dubiously effective “cookbook” laboratory exercises in many science classes.
Are all basis updates for lattice-reduction-aided MIMO detection necessary?

The question in the title is relevant when considering lattice-reduction-aided MIMO detectors, which achieve the same diversity as the maximum-likelihood detector while exhibiting lower complexity. In this paper we examine if all basis updates, which account for the largest complexity contribution in the Lenstra, Lenstra, Lovasz lattice reduction algorithm, are necessary for lattice reduction in the context of MIMO detection. We first provide an abstract answer to this question in the form of an idealized experiment that demonstrates the potential for a large reduction in the number of basis updates even when spatial correlation is present. Encouraged by these results, we seek a practical answer to this question by formulating a joint lattice reduction and symbol detection algorithm based on successive interference cancellation. Experimental results of the proposed method demonstrate that on average only 10% to 25% of basis updates are necessary on average depending on the degree of spatial correlation. Therefore, the answer to the question in the title is an encouraging no.
Flavonol glycosides and antioxidant capacity of various blackberry and blueberry genotypes determined by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry

Flavonol glycoside composition and content in blueberry and blackberry extracts were deter- mined using a high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) separation method coupled with photodiode array (PDA) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of crude and fractionated flavonol extracts were also determined by the oxygen radical-absorbing capacity (ORACFL) and photochemiluminescence (PCL) assays. Eight flavonols of quercetin and quercetin-sugar conjugates were identified in Kiowa blackberry, namely rutinoside, galactoside, methoxyhexoside, glucoside, pentoside, (6 �� -(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroyl))-β-galactoside, glucosylpentoside and oxalylpen- toside. Thirteen flavonols were detected in Ozarkblue blueberry. Of these, myricetin 3-hexoside and 12 quercetin-sugar conjugates, namely rutinoside, galactoside, methoxyhexoside, glucoside, pentoside, glu- cosylpentoside, caffeoylglucoside, oxalylpentoside, rhamnoside, dimethoxyrhamnoside, acetylgalactoside and acetylglucoside, were identified. In Bluecrop blueberry, two additional quercetin-sugar conjugates were identified, namely glucuronide and caffeoylgalactoside. Quercetin glycosides accounted for 75% of total flavonols in the blueberry genotypes. Total flavonol contents ranged from 99 to 150mgkg −1 for blackberries and from 192 to 320mgkg −1 for blueberries. Quenching of peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals by the flavonol fractions ranged from 1.5 to 2.3mmol Trolox equivalents (TE) kg −1 and from 0.5 to 0.7mmolTEkg −1 respectively for blackberries and from 2.9 to 5.2mmolTEkg −1 and from 0.8 to 1.4mmolTEkg −1 respectively for blueberries. The HPLC method allowed for complete separation and identification of flavonols commonly found in blackberries, and blueberries. Our results showed that blue- berry and blackberry genotypes varied significantly in flavonol content and antioxidant capacity. Even though total flavonol content did not correlate well with antioxidant capacity, their ability to scavenge peroxyl and superoxide anion radicals was apparent.  2005 Society of Chemical Industry
T2-3 THORACIC DISC HERNIATION WITH MYELOPATHY

We report a case of thoracic disc herniation in a 53-year-old woman who presented to the Emergency Department (ED) with a 2-week history of acute lower back numbness and intermittent fecal incontinence. On examination, she had lower extremity hyperreflexia, an abnormal gait, and lower lumbar pain but lacked any radicular findings. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a large focal paracentral herniated disc at the T2-3 level. The patient underwent successful T2-3 anterior discectomy with T2-3 rib autograft fusion. Nine months after surgery her weakness and gait had improved, but she continued to have recurrent intermittent fecal incontinence. Thoracic disc herniation is an uncommon, but treatable cause of spinal cord compression. Prompt recognition and early treatment are the keys to preventing permanent neurologic sequelae.
The Impact of an Undergraduate Honors Program on Gifted University Students

Through a qualitative research design, this study examined the experiences of seven gifted university students in an undergraduate honors program. The findings indicated the students as adolescents experienced a sense of isolation resulting from the differences between their abilities, interests, life goals, religious value systems, and the communities in which they lived. At the university, the participants discovered within the honors program an intellectual and social network with other gifted individuals like them. Together they recognized their strong desire for self-actualization. In advanced-level courses, they found intellectual stimulation and academic challenge. Through several components of the honors program they developed significant psychosocial growth. Throughout their experiences, the honors program director became a mentor and played an important role in facilitating experiences designed to address the diverse needs of these gifted young adults. Implications of the findings are presented ...
Fluorescence strategies for high-throughput quantification of protein interactions

Advances in high-throughput characterization of protein networks in vivo have resulted in large databases of unexplored protein interactions that occur during normal cell function. Their further characterization requires quantitative experimental strategies that are easy to implement in laboratories without specialized equipment. We have overcome many of the previous limitations to thermodynamic quantification of protein interactions, by developing a series of in-solution fluorescence-based strategies. These methods have high sensitivity, a broad dynamic range, and can be performed in a high-throughput manner. In three case studies we demonstrate how fluorescence (de)quenching and fluorescence resonance energy transfer can be used to quantitatively probe various high-affinity protein–DNA and protein–protein interactions. We applied these methods to describe the preference of linker histone H1 for nucleosomes over DNA, the ionic dependence of the DNA repair enzyme PARP1 in DNA binding, and the interaction between the histone chaperone Nap1 and the histone H2A–H2B heterodimer.
Prostaglandin E2 regulation of cyclooxygenase expression in keratinocytes is mediated via cyclic nucleotide-linked prostaglandin receptors

Inflammatory responses are thought to be medi- ated in part by the prostaglandins derived from arachidonic acid (AA) by the action of prostaglandin H synthase, also re- ferred to as cyclooxygenase (COX). The mitogen-inducible isoform, COX-2, is over-expressed in numerous chronic in- flammatory disease conditions and in neoplasms from both human and experimental animal models. COX-1 expres- sion, on the other hand, has been referred to as constitutive or non-inducible. In this study, we present evidence demon- strating autoregulation of prostaglandin (PG) production by the PGs themselves and their precursor, AA. We observed that AA and PGs induced COX-2, as well as COX-1, expres- sion in cultured murine keratinocytes approximately 3 h after treatment. In primary keratinocytes transiently trans- fected with a full-length COX-2 promoter linked to a luci- ferase reporter gene, we observed enhanced transcription by AA, PGE 2 , and the other prostaglandins. Forskolin, a known activator of adenylate cyclase, and dibutryl-cAMP, a cAMP analog, induced COX-1 and COX-2 mRNA, suggest- ing that cAMP is a second messenger for COX expression. SQ 22536, an adenylate cyclase inhibitor, inhibited COX-2 mRNA induction by PGE 2 in a dose-dependent manner sug- gesting that PGE 2 -induced expression may be through one of the cAMP-linked PGE 2 receptors. The results of this study demonstrate that both COX-1 and COX-2 are induc- ible. Further, both COX isoforms can be up-regulated by their products, the PGs, and this autoregulation probably occurs via prostaglandin receptors linked to a cAMP signal transduction pathway. —Maldve, R. E., Y. Kim, S. J. Muga, and S. M. Fischer. Prostaglandin E 2 regulation of cyclooxy- genase expression in keratinocytes is mediated via cyclic nucleotide-linked prostaglandin receptors. J. Lipid Res. 2000. 41: 873-881.
Address Code and Arithmetic Optimizations for Embedded Systems

An important class of problems used widely in both the embedded systems and scientific domains perform memory intensive computations on large data sets. These data sets get to be typically stored in main memory, which means that the compiler needs to generate the address of a memory location in order to store these data elements and generate the same address again when they are subsequently retrieved. This memory address computation is quite expensive, and if it is not performed efficiently, the performance degrades significantly. In this paper, we have developed a new compiler approach for optimizing the memory performance of subscripted or array variables and their address generation in stencil problems that are common in embedded image processing and other applications. Our approach makes use of the observation that in all these stencils, most of the elements accessed are stored close to one other in memory. We try to optimize the stencil codes with a view of reducing both the arithmetic and the address computation overhead. The regularity of the access pattern and the reuse of data elements between successive iterations of the loop body means that there is a common sub-expression between any two successive iterations; these common sub-expressions are difficult to detect using state-of-the-art compiler technology. If we were to store the value of the common sub-expression in a scalar, then for the next iteration, the value in this scalar could be used instead of performing the computation all over again. This greatly reduces the arithmetic overhead. Since we store only one scalar in a register, there is almost no register pressure. Also all array accesses are now replaced by pointer dereferences, where the pointers are incremented after each iteration. This reduces the address computation overhead. Our solution is the only one so far to exploit both scalar conversion and common sub-expressions. Extensive experimental results on several codes show that our approach performs better than the other approaches.
Magnetism in ultrafine Fe and Co particles

The magnetic properties of vapor deposited Fe and Co particles in the size range of 50-350 AA are studied. Magnetization, Mossbauer and structural data show a core-shell morphology, where the core is metallic and the shell is a polycrystalline Fe (Co)-oxide. A sharp reduction in magnetization is observed in particles with a size below 100 AA. This is attributed to surface/interface spin canting brought about by the ferrite oxide shell. The effect of various surface chemistries on the hysteretic behavior is systematically studied. The results clearly indicate that the oxide shell controls both the magnitude and the temperature dependence of coercivity. >