cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Linking bonefish (Albula vulpes) populations to nearshore estuarine habitats using an otolith microchemistry approach

Identifying the relative importance of various nursery areas is critical for understanding the ecological roles of diverse juvenile habitats, as well as for the sustainable management of fisheries and coastal resources. Recent field collections suggest that a portion of the bonefish (Albula vulpes) population in South Florida may be using nearshore estuarine habitats as nurseries. Nearshore marine habitats are traditionally considered nursery habitat for bonefish. However, the prevalence of their reliance on lower salinity areas is not known. To address this, we used otolith microchemistry using laser ablation inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry to examine variation in Strontium (Sr), a marker for salinity, and determine the connectivity between estuarine and marine habitats across the life of bonefish. Sr profiles from otoliths obtained in locations within South Florida (SFL, N = 40) and Southwest Cuba (SCB, N = 10) were compared using a juvenile-migration index (JMI), and change point models to assess the generality of a shift in salinity and thus habitats across life histories. Adult stages of bonefish otoliths collected in SFL and SCB locations showed Sr concentrations connected to marine, high-salinity environments. The JMI showed that a vast majority of individuals (68.4% and 70% in South Florida and Cuba, respectively) moved from low- to high-salinity environments between juvenile and adult stages. The change point models showed that these shifts to high salinity environments occurred suddenly (in 85% of those showing a low to high salinity change), and early in life (after 2 years in South Florida and after 4 years in Cuba) suggesting an ontogenetic habitat change. This study provided evidence that bonefish use low-salinity estuarine environments as juvenile habitats, perhaps more commonly than marine habitats. The reliance on low-salinity environments suggests the potential vulnerability of bonefish nearshore nursery habitats to disturbances associated with coastal freshwater discharges.
Scaffold for laryngeal reconstruction

Abstract Larynx reconstruction, while multifaceted, is a ready target for regenerative medicine. The larynx's unique functions and structure do distinguish it from other tissues. Restorative efforts vary by subsite, with cartilage, muscle, and vibratory connective tissue all considered. There can be roles for off-the-shelf tissue-derived implants, injectable materials, and custom cell-based constructs. Potential pitfalls include mechanical shortcomings, fibrosis, and prolonged inflammatory response. Rigorous animal studies and controlled clinical trials are needed.
Effects of nitrogen and salinity on growth and competition between a native grass and an invasive congener.

Numerous studies show that an increase in the availability of limiting resources can increase invasion by non-native plants into natural communities. One possible explanation is that the ability of natives to compete with non-natives tends to decrease when resource availability is increased. We tested this hypothesis in a competition experiment using two closely matched plant species and two environmental factors related to limiting resources in a coastal grassland system on Bodega Head in northern California. We grew the native grass Bromus carinatus and the non-native grass B. diandrus together and apart at different levels of soil nitrogen crossed with different levels of soil salinity. Both species are abundant in the grassland and previous work suggested that the abundance of B. carinatus is lower and the abundance of B. diandrus is higher on soil that has been enriched with nitrogen. Salinity has been shown to be negatively associated with invasion by B. diandrus into another California grassland, and to vary significantly over short distances in the grassland at Bodega Head, where it could affect water availability, which strongly limits plant growth during the dry season. Contrary to our prediction that low resource availabilities would increase the relative competitive ability of the native, the ability of B. carinatus to compete with B. diandrus was not greater when nitrogen availability was lower or when soil salinity was higher. Instead, high salinity increased the relative competitive ability of the non-native, and low nitrogen had little effect on competition. This suggests that preventing resource enrichment will not suffice to control invasion by non-native plant species in this grassland.
Stimulation-Produced Analgesia (TENS and Acupuncture)

The gate control theory of pain proposes the concept that painful peripheral sensory input can be mitigated by the generation of competing peripheral sensory signals. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) units provide electrical impulses that traverse the skin to stimulate the underlying nerves and muscles. These electrical impulses consist of adjustable pulse rate, pulse duration, and intensity. Acupuncture (which is also discussed in the chapter covering complementary and alternative therapies or CAM) involves the insertion of thin-gauge needles along special anatomical pathways to produce its effect. While there are invasive nerve simulation techniques, noninvasive and minimally invasive provide a safe alternative as an adjuvant analgesic therapy and can be used for both acute and chronic pain.
The New Paradigm of Innovational Development of Russia’s AIC in the Conditions of the EAEU

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to analyze the causal connections of innovational development of the AIC in the conditions of the EAEU by the example of modern Russia. Methodology: The research is performed in three stages. At the first stage, the methods of trend and comparative analysis are used for analyzing and comparing the dynamics of indicators of development of Russia’s AIC before the creation of the EAEU (2012–2015) and in the conditions of this integration union (2015–2018). The information and analytical basis includes materials of the Overview of actual and problem issues of implementation of coordinated agro-industrial policy, prepared by the Department of agro-industrial policy of the Eurasian Economic Commission. At the second stage, the method of forecasting (all other conditions being equal) is used for determining the forecast values of indicators from Table 1 for the mid-term (2019–2024) – this allows bringing the selection of statistical data to the representative volume (10 years: 2015–2024). Then, the method of regression analysis is used for determining the dependence of indicators of innovational development of the Russian AIC on the volume of mutual trade of food products within the EAEU by Russia. This allows determining the influence of participation in the EAEU on innovational development of the Russian AIC. At the third stage, the method of regression analysis is used for determining the dependence of results (volume of import of food products and agricultural resources, level of food security) on the indicators of innovational development of the Russian AIC. The information and analytical basis includes the materials of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Economist Intelligence Unit. This allows evaluating the efficiency of innovational development of the AIC in the conditions of the EAEU and achievement of the goals of creation of the integration union that are connected to development of the AIC. Results: As a result of the research, it is determined that participation in the EAEU positively influences the innovational development of the Russian AIC, stimulating the formation of its new paradigm, connected to growth of investment and innovational activity of companies of this complex, which stimulates modernization of production technologies and equipment and growth of efficiency. Recommendations: It is substantiated that the new paradigm of innovational development of the Russian AIC in the conditions of the EAEU allows increasing the efficiency of this development by forming highly-effective and competitive import substitution and growth of national food security of Russia.
Single-Step Method for Pull-Type Gastrostomy Tube Placement

Single-step pull-type gastrostomy tube (PGT) placement is a method involving gastric puncture with a curved 18-gauge trocar needle allowing retrograde cannulation of the gastroesophageal junction without use of a sheath or snare. This retrospective review of 102 patients who underwent single-step PGT placement demonstrated 91% success in advancing the wire up the esophagus using only the curved trocar. Successful placement of a gastrostomy tube was 100%. Two major and 2 minor complications occurred within 30 days, all unrelated to the single-step technique. Mean fluoroscopy time for all patients was 5.1 min (range, 1.5-19.2 min). Single-step PGT placement is an effective, safe, fast, and equipment-sparing method for gastrostomy placement.
Metabolic crosstalk in heart failure new roles for B-type natriuretic peptide.

The discovery of natriuretic peptides by de Bold et al. ([1][1]) has established the heart as an endocrine organ and spawned the development of B-type natriuretic peptides (BNPs) as biomarkers for the detection and progression of heart failure ([2][2]). It has also spawned the clinical development
Sexual Health in the Era of Cancer Genetic Testing: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Introduction Genetic testing for germline cancer mutations allows individuals to gain specific knowledge of their hereditary cancer risks. Although risk-reducing strategies such as increased screening, prophylactic surgeries, and chemoprevention may be potentially lifesaving, these options can also significantly impact sexual health and function. Aim This study overviews current challenges at the intersection of cancer genetic testing and sexual health and describes a systematic review that summarizes this evidence, identifies methodological limitations, and provides future research directions. Methods Articles on the intersection of genetic testing and/or family history of cancer, cancer risk, and sexual health were searched in Medline, PsycINFO, and PsycARTICLES databases. Main Outcome Measure The main outcome measure was sexual health in women who pursued risk-reducing surgery. Results On the basis of the inclusion criteria, 32 studies were reviewed. 31 contained empiric data from 3,367 participants; one was a conceptual study. All studies were published between 2000 and 2019. Mean ages ranged from 38 to 51.2. Conclusion Given the prevalence of sexual dysfunction after risk-reducing surgery, evidence-based interventions are needed. Furthermore, quality of life that includes sexual health, in at-risk women who pursue preventive surgery, remains an understudied aspect of cancer genetic testing. Yusufov M, Bober SL. Sexual Health in the Era of Cancer Genetic Testing: A Systematic Review. Sex Med Rev 2020;8:231–241.
Projective cooling for the transverse Ising model

We demonstrate the feasibility of ground state preparation for the transverse Ising model using projective cooling, and show that the algorithm can effectively construct the ground state in the disordered (paramagnetic) phase. On the other hand, significant temperature effects are encountered in the ordered (ferromagnetic) phase requiring larger lattices to accurately simulate.
"I'm Bright Enough to Do It, Even Though Sometimes I Feel I Can't Do It": Perspectives of High School Students with Learning Disabilities About Existing Supports to Achieve Graduation

Little evidence exists about how students with Learning disabilities (LD) recognize, understand, and utilize existing supports to ensure successful graduation from high school. In this article we ask: What are the supports available to high school students with LD that help them graduate? (a) What/who are some school-based supports they identify? (b) What/who are some non-school supports they identify? We share data from semi-structured interviews with forty high school students. Findings reveal: teacher support in the form of pedagogical choices, individualized support, and after-school support; counseling expertise in the form of academic advisement and emotional support; effective family-school collaboration; discrete family support outside of school; and various forms of self sustenance. Implications of these findings are discussed before recommendations are made to various stakeholders in the school community with the view to improving supports of students with LD toward helping them successfully graduate.
Identification of Candida glabrata Transcriptional Regulators That Govern Stress Resistance and Virulence.

ABSTRACT The mechanisms by which Candida glabrata resists host defense peptides and caspofungin are incompletely understood. To identify transcriptional regulators that enable C. glabrata to withstand these classes of stressors, a library of 215 C. glabrata transcriptional regulatory deletion mutants was screened for susceptibility to both protamine and caspofungin. We identified eight mutants that had increased susceptibility to both host defense peptides and caspofungin. Of these mutants, six were deleted for genes that were predicted to specify proteins involved in histone modification. These genes were ADA2, GCN5, SPT8, HOS2, RPD3, and SPP1. Deletion of ADA2, GCN5, and RPD3 also increased susceptibility to mammalian host defense peptides. The Δada2 and Δgcn5 mutants had increased susceptibility to other stressors, such as H2O2 and SDS. In the Galleria mellonella model of disseminated infection, the Δada2 and Δgcn5 mutants had attenuated virulence, whereas in neutropenic mice, the virulence of the Δada2 and Δrpd3 mutants was decreased. Thus, histone modification plays a central role in enabling C. glabrata to survive host defense peptides and caspofungin, and Ada2 and Rpd3 are essential for the maximal virulence of this organism during disseminated infection.
Anomalous responses on Amazon Mechanical Turk: An Indian perspective:

What can researchers do to address anomalous survey and experimental responses on Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk)? Much of the anomalous response problem has been traced to India, and several survey...
Association between Dietary Lutein/Zeaxanthin Intake and Metabolic Syndrome Among U.S. Females: An Analysis of National Health and Examination Survey 2015–2018

The prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is greater among US females than males, mainly due to higher risks of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia. Lutein and zeaxanthin (L/Z) are carotenoids that can alter the composition of lipoproteins, which may affect components of MetS. However, little is known about the association between L/Z intake and MetS, especially in females. The purpose of this study was to explore the relation between dietary L/Z or dietary plus supplemental L/Z intakes and MetS in women (n = 630), aged 20-50 y, participating in the NHANES 2015-2018. Compared with the lowest quartile, women in the highest quartile of dietary L/Z intake had significantly lower risk of MetS after adjusting for confounders (OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.98). No significant relation was noted between dietary plus supplemental L/Z intake and MetS. Future cohort studies should investigate the effects of L/Z on MetS development in women.
Tribbles pseudokinase NIPI-3 regulates intestinal immunity in Caenorhabditis elegans by controlling SKN-1/Nrf activity.

Summary In Caenorhabditis elegans, ROS generated in response to intestinal infection induces SKN-1, a protective transcription factor homologous to nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 1 or 2 (NRF1/2) in mammals. Many factors regulate SKN-1, including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade that activates SKN-1 by phosphorylation. In this work, another positive regulator of SKN-1 is identified: NIPI-3, a Tribbles pseudokinase. NIPI-3 has been reported to protect against intestinal infection by negatively regulating the CCAT enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) bZIP transcription factor CEBP-1. Here we demonstrate that CEBP-1 positively regulates the vhp-1 transcript, which encodes a phosphatase that dephosphorylates the p38 MAPK called PMK-1. The increased levels of VHP-1 caused by CEBP-1 transcriptional enhancement result in less PMK-1 phosphorylation, affecting SKN-1 activity and intestinal resistance to the pathogen. The data support a model in which NIPI-3’s negative regulation of CEBP-1 decreases VHP-1 phosphatase activity, allowing increased stimulation of SKN-1 activity by the p38 MAPK phosphorylation cascade in the intestine.
2.5D and 3D Heterogeneous Integration: Emerging applications

The next decade will usher in a new era of technological innovation where compute, communications, and intelligence will converge. The number of connected devices is estimated to reach 500 billion by 2030, which is 59× larger than the expected world population [1] . Instead of humans dominating the use of wireless networks, objects or things will become the dominant users. Networks will incorporate intelligent compute to enable new types of applications such as cyberphysical worlds that replicate reality. These applications will require distributed intelligent compute platforms, as processing terabytes of data at a single edge device will be near impossible. Future 6G systems are currently being defined to meet these needs, as shown in Figure 1 , and the essential components of all 6G systems will be intelligence and security [2] . These new wireless systems will need to leverage a distributed compute network that is part of the wireless network so that the edge device can employ a high-performance compute platform that is in close proximity to itself. Such a network device must incorporate flexibility and programmability at low latency while also supporting network and connectivity functions. Heterogeneous integration in 2.5D and 3D can efficiently enhance existing compute platforms such as processors, application-specific integrated circuits, and field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to address emerging applications such as intelligent compute-communicate systems at lower cost with faster time to market. This article presents an overview of 2.5D and 3D heterogeneous technologies and how they can be leveraged to create new intelligent-compute-communicate platforms to enable emerging applications
The Plate Count in Aquatic Microbiology

The application and inherent difficulties of the traditional plate count technique and its variations are presented. While the plate count has been, and continues to be, used for enumeration of microorganisms in natural waters, recent criticisms of the technique appear increasingly in the literature. Accordingly, the quantitative nature of the plate count is discussed in relation to limitations of the procedure and current alternatives for microbial enumeration. Constant evaluation of newly evolving quantitative procedures for the determination of microbial numbers, biomass, and activity is recommended to prevent the "standardization" of techniques which, like the plate count, subsequently become subject to debate as to their appropriateness in ecological studies. The plate count is still seen as a valuable tool for its originally intended purpose and should be supplemented and reevaluated in conjunction with contemporary quantitative methods.
Medical management of blepharitis.

Purpose of reviewBlepharitis is one of the most common ocular pathologies encountered in the clinical setting. Despite its prevalence, successful treatment is often difficult. The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the medical management of blepharitis.Recent findingsThe available tre
Clarifying, affirming, and preserving the nurse in nurse practitioner education and practice.

Purpose: This work responds to the need for maintaining an ethic of care in the face of increased demands for cost effectiveness and efficiency. Findings are presented from a qualitative study describing how nurse practitioner (NP) faculty teach NP students about holistic nursing dimensions of NP practice. Data resources: Data collection consisted of face to face or telephone interviews with 24 experienced NP faculty members teaching in 22 NP programs across the country. Data were analyzed using the interpretive phenomenological approach. Aspects of scientific merit were addressed through reviewing transcripts for accuracy, consensual validation sessions, and member checking. Conclusions: The most common approaches used for teaching holistic nursing dimensions of NP practice were role modeling and sharing narratives of actual cases. Other approaches included: incorporation of holistic complementary diagnoses along with medical diagnoses into assessments, use of case scenarios and standardized patients, a rite of passage ceremony, and an entire narrative curriculum. Implications for practice: NP faculty advocate incorporating a holistic mind-body-spirit perspective into assessment and intervention and broadening the diagnostic process to include complementary components of nursing and medicine. Findings have implications for teaching/learning, curriculum planning, and evaluation as NP programs transition from the master's to the doctoral level.
Clonidine-induced diuresis in the rat: Evidence for a renal site of action

Clonidine, an alpha adrenergic agonist which causes a diuresis in experimental animals, was studied in unanesthetized, conscious Brattleboro rats heterozygous or homozygous for hereditary hypothalamic diabetes insipidus to determine if the diuresis was due to alpha adrenergic inhibition of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) release or to another mechanism of action. Heterozygous rats given clonidine s.c. in doses of 50 to 300 mu/kg b.w. exhibited a prompt dose-related diuresis. The diuresis was transient and could not be maintained beyond 4 hr even when clonidine was administered continuously by s.c. osmotic minipump. In response to clonidine-induced diuresis, plasma osmolality increased acutely from 300 +/- 1 to 310 +/- 1 mOsM/kg by 60 min after injection. Base-line plasma ADH was 5.1 +/- 0.9 mu/ml, remained unchanged at 15 min after clonidine injection but increased to 21.6 +/- 7.2 muU/ml by 60 min and was accompanied by an increase in urinary ADH excretion from 19.6 +/- 3.7 to 48.6 +/- 5.3 muU/hr. In parallel with the drug-induced diuresis, there was an increase in urinary excretion of creatinine, sodium and total solute. The alpha blocking agent phenoxybenzamine did not prevent the diuresis after clonidine injection. Clonidine antagonized the antidiuresis after clonidine injection. Clonidine antagonized the antidiuretic action of ADH administered to rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus. Thus, clonidine-induced diuresis does not appear to be due to alpha adrenergic inhibition of ADH release but rather to direct renal effects.
Towards a Framework for Building Collaborative Information Searching Systems

If the World Wide Web (the web for short), should become the world wide digital library, not only effective and effecient information searching techniques are needed, but also an adequate collaboration support that enable people to cooperate and collaborate in locating relevant information just as they do in physical libraries. Collaboration support is required during information searching as well as for sharing results of previous searching process. Collaborative information searching (CIS) can be either direct or indirect. In direct collaboration, people communicate directly, in synchronous or asynchronous manner, in order to show one another where to go to find a given information or simply to send to one another the required information. In indirect collaboration information gathered from previous information searching process conducted a user are used to help other users in their searching activities. Recommender systems are an example of indirect CIS systems. In this work we address the problem of providing a framework that facilitates the design and the implementation of various CIS applications. An overview of this framework, called, Broadway*Tools is presented in the next section.
Using temporal constraints for eliminating crosstalk candidates for design and test

This paper describes a simple algorithm for eliminating possible aggressor-victim net pairs for crosstalk analysis. This algorithm makes use of the observation that timing constraints in sequential circuits apply to crosstalk induced pulses. We show how this algorithm can be applied to a design to prune the candidate list for ATPG to detect crosstalk glitches that are introduced by manufacturing defects.
CT)n (GA)n repeats and heat shock elements have distinct roles in chromatin structure and transcriptional activation of the Drosophila hsp26 gene.

Previous analysis of the hsp26 gene of Drosophila melanogaster has shown that in addition to the TATA box and the proximal and distal heat shock elements (HSEs) (centered at -59 and -340, relative to the start site of transcription), a segment of (CT)n repeats at -135 to -85 is required for full heat shock inducibility (R.L. Glaser, G.H. Thomas, E.S. Siegfried, S.C.R. Elgin, and J.T. Lis, J. Mol. Biol. 211:751-761, 1990). This (CT)n element appears to contribute to formation of the wild-type chromatin structure of hsp26, an organized nucleosome array that leaves the HSEs in nucleosome-free, DNase I-hypersensitive (DH) sites (Q. Lu, L.L. Wallrath, B.D. Allan, R.L. Glaser, J.T. Lis, and S.C.R. Elgin, J. Mol. Biol. 225:985-998, 1992). Inspection of the sequences upstream of hsp26 has revealed an additional (CT)n element at -347 to -341, adjacent to the distal HSE. We have analyzed the contribution of this distal (CT)n element (-347 to -341), the proximal (CT)n element (-135 to -85), and the two HSEs both to the formation of the chromatin structure and to heat shock inducibility. hsp26 constructs containing site-directed mutations, deletions, substitutions, or rearrangements of these sequence elements have been fused in frame to the Escherichia coli lacZ gene and reintroduced into the D. melanogaster genome by P-element-mediated germ line transformation. Chromatin structure of the transgenes was analyzed (prior to gene activation) by DNase I or restriction enzyme treatment of isolated nuclei, and heat-inducible expression was monitored by measuring beta-galactosidase activity. The results indicate that mutations, deletions, or substitutions of either the distal or the proximal (CT)n element affect the chromatin structure and heat-inducible expression of the transgenes. These (CT)n repeats are associated with a nonhistone protein(s) in vivo and are bound by a purified Drosophila protein, the GAGA factor, in vitro. In contrast, the HSEs are required for heat-inducible expression but play only a minor role in establishing the chromatin structure of the transgenes. Previous analysis indicates that prior to heat shock, these HSEs appear to be free of protein. Our results suggest that GAGA factor, an abundant protein factor required for normal expression of many Drosophila genes, and heat shock factor, a specific transcription factor activated upon heat shock, play distinct roles in gene regulation: the GAGA factor establishes and/or maintains the DH sites prior to heat shock induction, while the activated heat shock factor recognizes and binds HSEs located within the DH sites to trigger transcription.
Impact of an Alien Invasive Shrub on Ecology of Native and Alien Invasive Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae)

We examined how leaf litter of alien invasive honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii Rupr.) either alone or in combination with leaf litter of one of two native tree species, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.), affects the ecology of Culex restuans Theobald, Ochlerotatus triseriatus Say, and Ochlerotatus japonicus Theobald. Experimental mesocosms containing single species litter or a mixture of honeysuckle and one of two native tree species litter were established at South Farms and Trelease Woods study sites in Urbana, IL, and examined for their effect on 1) oviposition site selection by the three mosquito species, and 2) adult production and body size of Oc. triseriatus and Oc. japonicus. There were no significant effects of study site and leaf treatment on Oc. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus oviposition preference and adult production. In contrast, significantly more Cx. restuans eggs rafts were collected at South Farms relative to Trelease Woods and in honeysuckle litter relative to native tree species litter. Significantly larger adult females of Oc. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus were collected at South Farms relative to Trelease Woods and in honeysuckle litter relative to native tree species litter. Combining honeysuckle litter with native tree species litter had additive effects on Cx. restuans oviposition preference and Oc. japonicus and Oc. triseriatus body size, with the exception of honeysuckle and northern red oak litter combination, which had antagonistic effects on Oc. triseriatus body size. We conclude that input of honeysuckle litter into container aquatic habitats may alter the life history traits of vector mosquito species.
Appropriating Ignatian Solidarity through Contact and Concepts

In the spring 2012 semester, Anna Faist, a senior at John Carroll University in Cleveland, Ohio, participated in an independent study course directed by James Menkhaus. This course, Ignatian Solidarity in Guatemala , connected Anna’s immersion experiences at John Carroll with extensive readings on solidarity, Ignatian spirituality, and social justice. The primary goal of the course was to combine the learning of “concepts” with the experience of “contact” that fosters a sense of solidarity within students. This paper offers a window into some prevalent literature on solidarity, Anna’s reflections on Ignatian solidarity in light of her immersion experiences, and a reflection on the value and weaknesses of immersion programs for Jesuit higher education.
Ultramicro- and Micro-Determination of Chloride by Argentimetric Titration with the Indicator Dichiorofluorescein

A reliable ultramicro modification of the Franco and Klein (1) determination for chloride, using 20 µl. of plasma, is described. A second procedure, requiring 0.2 ml. of plasma and substituting a titrating syringe for a buret, is suggested as a fast and adequate substitute in the absence of either extensive laboratory facilities or trained personnel. Data on reproducibility and recovery, and a comparison with another chloride procedure are presented. The limitations of the procedures are discussed.
Goal consensus and collaboration

This article updates our previous article in this journal (Tryon & Winograd, 2001) by examining via meta-analyses results of recent studies, published from 2000 through 2009, that relate goal consensus and collaboration to treatment outcome. Specifically, 15 studies with a total sample size of 1,302 yielded a goal consensus-psychotherapy outcome effect size of .34 (SD = .19, p < .0001, 95% confidence interval = .23-.45), indicating that better outcomes can be expected when patient and therapist agree on therapeutic goals and the processes to achieve these goals. The collaboration-outcome meta-analysis based on 19 studies with a total sample of 2,260 patients yielded a mean correlation of .33 (SD = .17, p < .0001, 95% confidence interval = .25-.42), suggesting that psychotherapy outcome appears to be considerably enhanced when patient and therapist are actively involved in a cooperative relationship. We discuss therapeutic practices that follow from these findings.
Vaccination strategies against Tritrichomonas foetus.

Abstract Immunoprophyloxis for bovine trichomoniosis has been a priority because of the high prevalence o f the disease, the considerable economic loss due to the infection and the lackof approved chemotherapeutic agents. The commercial availability of first-generation vaccines provides hope not only for even more effective immunization regimens far this disease, but also for other protozoal infections and for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) caused by a wide variety of infectious agents. At present, efficacious vaccines for protozoal diseases and for STDs are rare. Since informatian gained on immunization against Tritrichomonas foetus may have broad significance for control of these two classes of infection,it isimportant to explore the biological basis of protection against this protozoal infection of the reproductive tract In this paper, Lynette Corbeil reviews data on host-parasite relationships in bovine trichomoniasis as a basis for developing vaccine strategies.
Visual observations on the process of digestion and the production of faecal pellets in the chaetognath Sagitta hispida Conant

Abstract The passage of food through the gut of Sagitta hispida Conant is described as a batch process and the formation of membranes which surround the faecal material is demonstrated photographically. The utility of such a peritrophic membrane system is considered in the light of the marine ecosystem as a whole.
ACCULTURATION AND BREAST SELF-EXAMINATION AMONG IMMIGRANT LATINA WOMEN IN THE USA

This article is an extension of previous work, which identified acculturation as an important variable in predicting breast self-examination (BSE) in this sample of women. Here, acculturation is further examined as an intervening factor in predicting BSE. This paper presents the association between level of acculturation to mainstream culture in the USA and the practice of BSE among a population of low-income immigrant Mexican and Puerto Rican women (n = 111) in an urban area of the Midwest in the USA. The majority of women (84.7%) scored a low level of acculturation and 85% did not practice correct BSE. The crude odds ratio indicated that Latina women having a high level of acculturation (15.3%) were twice as likely to practice correct BSE than women with low acculturation. We would suggest that a clearer understanding of the variables that define the performance of BSE will assist in enabling nurses globally to incorporate assessments in their practice that will lead to more successful interventions.
Making Sense of Isolationism: Foreign Policy Mood as a Multilevel Phenomenon

Political scientists have long been interested in the American public’s foreign policy mood, but they have typically separated the microlevel question (who’s more likely to support isolationism?) from the macrolevel one (when does isolationism’s popularity increase?), even though public opinion is inherently a multilevel phenomenon, as the answers to these two questions interact. Showing how multilevel models can deal with the effects of time rather than just space, I find that both guns and butter drive foreign policy mood, but in different ways. When economic assessments sour, the public’s appetite for isolationism increases, but the impact of these individual-level perceptions is constrained by aggregate economic conditions, which are sufficiently salient that they are accessible irrespective of knowledge. The nature of the international security environment, however, predominantly affects foreign policy mood amongst high-knowledge individuals, thereby suggesting that low- and high-knowledge individual...
THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE FIBROBLAST AND THE MACROPHAGE : III. THE MALIGNANT FIBROBLAST OF SARCOMA 10 OF THE CROCKER FOUNDATION.

1. A pure strain of fibroblasts has been isolated from Sarcoma 10 of the Crocker Foundation. After about 16 months of life in vitro, the malignancy of the strain is as great as that of the original tumor. 2. The strain has been compared with a strain of normal rat fibroblasts. The malignant cells are generally larger, coarser, and more refringent than normal cells. They possess all the morphological characteristics of fibroblasts. They do not show any abnormalities and never degenerate and die. They are to all appearances healthy cells. Their mode of locomotion is identical with that of normal fibroblasts. Their colonies are larger, but the architecture is similar. 3. The residual activity of both cell types, the duration of their life, and their rate of growth in a nutrient medium are almost identical. 4. The sarcomatous fibroblasts liquefy a rat plasma coagulum while normal fibroblasts do not. They turn phenol red golden yellow whereas, under the same conditions, normal cells turn it pinkish orange. 5. Sarcomatous and normal fibroblasts of the rat multiply to an unlimited degree in chick embryo juice. They live for only a short time in rat serum and chick serum. Calf liver digest will suffice for an unlimited proliferation of sarcoma fibroblasts, but fails to support the life of normal fibroblasts for very long. 6. The presence of bone marrow greatly increases the rate of growth of sarcomatous fibroblasts cultivated in rat serum, while it only slightly affects that of the normal cells. The unlimited growth of the sarcomatous tissue in animals to which it is transplanted may be attributed to the presence of macrophages, which are a normal constituent of the tumor, and possibly are a necessary factor of its growth in vivo.
Application development for informal learning environments: where IT education, community outreach, baseball and history intersect

A collaborative software development project that brings together elementary school children, college students and museum curators is described. Museum visitors discover the history of the Negro Leagues and gain an understanding of baseball's role in the struggle for social justice. The paper describes the development processes of the application's major components and discusses the benefits and challenges of inter-institutional collaboration and learning activities that occur outside of brick and mortar schools. We discuss how this collaboration model can be used to complement informal learning techniques. We describe how this project provides rich opportunities for presenting diverse student cohorts with novel ways of incorporating information technologies and multimedia design into a learning environment that extends the classroom into the community. Through the description of using a collaborative design model for the development of tools for use in informal learning environments, we suggest that the science of learning be considered a research area for Information Technology Education.
Hypertension and the metabolic syndrome

The metabolic syndrome is a highly prevalent condition in the United States and it has been estimated from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey that approximately 40 million individuals fulfill the diagnostic criteria, which include a waist circumference greater than 40 inches in men and 35 inches in women, triglycerides in excess of 150 mg/dL, and a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol under 40 mg/dL in men or under 50 mg/dL in women. Additionally, a blood pressure in excess of 130/85 mm Hg and a fasting plasma glucose above 110 mg/dL is required. The diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome requires at least three of the five major criteria for qualification. Hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes frequently cluster and share common pathogenetic mechanisms, resulting in a complex interplay between these apparently disparate risk factors. This review centers on the common metabolic pathways that are common to the major conditions seen in the metabolic syndrome, and centers on the central role of hypertension and the clinical impact of drug therapy on other metabolic parameters.
Tibia Pain at End of Stem With Stemmed Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty : Treatment With Cortical Strut Graft Technique

End-of-stem pain related to stemmed revision total knee arthroplasty has been described in the literature as being caused by the elastic modulus mismatch from the stem tip and the native bone. This phenomenon has also been described after total hip arthroplasty, which can be successfully treated by placement of a cabled cortical strut graft at the tip of the femoral stem. Currently, the treatment option for this tibial-sided end-of-stem pain is a re-revision total knee arthroplasty in attempts of alleviating the modulus mismatch. This case report is the first to describe a cabled cortical strut graft technique for the tibial end-of-stem pain associated with stemmed revision total knee arthroplasty.
A review of the sub-species carpatica and tortuosa within the species betula pubescens Ehrh.

Summary The classifications employed during the last decade for defining sub-specific variation within the species B. pubescens Ehrh. have produced a situation in which the terms carpatica and tortuosa, originally and usually applied to separate taxa, could be regarded as synonymous. This has been caused by the association of both terms, at different times, with B. odorata Bechst. Recent research at Merlewood supports the use of the term ssp. tortuosa and its distinction from ssp. carpatica whose presence in the British flora requires further verification.
RABBIT PREGNANCIES AFTER IMMUNIZATION WITH EXTRACT OF THYROID GLAND1

A rough correlation was observed in mother rabbits immunized to an extract of rabbit thyroid, between the height of antithyroid antibody titer achieved and the incidence and degree of histologic changes of “thyroiditis.” No significant abnormality was observed in the thyroids of mother rabbits given saline or immunizing injections to hog or human thyroid gland. Although transplacental transfer of thyroid antibody was demonstrated and there was a high incidence of fetal death in rabbit-thyroid immunized rabbits, no evidence of congenital hypothyroidism was demonstrable in the fetuses.
Spectral analytic comparisons for data augmentation

The sandwich algorithm (SA) is an alternative to the data augmentation (DA) algorithm that uses an extra simulation step at each iteration. In this paper, we show that the sandwich algorithm always converges at least as fast as the DA algorithm, in the Markov operator norm sense. We also establish conditions under which the spectrum of SA dominates that of DA. An example illustrates the results.
Chemical evidence for covalent linkages of a semisynthetic glycoconjugate vaccine forHaemophilus influenzae type b disease

We have defined the nature of the covalent linkages in aHaemophilus influenzae type b oligosaccharide-CRM197 conjugate vaccine, designated HbOC. The conjugate was acid hydrolyzed to release a novel amino-acid derivative,Ne-(2-hydroxyethyl)lysine (OHEt-Lys), identifiable with an amino-acid analyzer. This amino-acid derivative was formed by reduction of Schiff bases formed betweenH. influenzae type b oligosaccharides (HbO) and the lysyl e-amino groups of CRM197 (a non-toxic, cross-reactive variant of diphtheria toxin), followed by acid hydrolysis of HbOC. Quantification of OHEt-Lys per CRM197 molecule allowed the determination of a covalency ratio, a useful parameter for evaluating the stoichiometry and consistency of HbOC preparations. Covalent association between HbO and CRM197 was also demonstrated by the coincidence of immunoreactivity of gelelectrophoresed HbOC on a Western blot probed with anti-CRM197 and anti-saccharide antisera.
What You Can and Can't Properly Do with Regression

Regression analysis, broadly construed, has over the past 60 years becomethe dominant statistical paradigm within the social sciences and criminol-ogy. In its most canonical and popular form, a regression analysis becomesa \structural equation model" from which \causal e ects" can be estimated.Consider some examples from the two most recent issues of Criminology.Volume 47, Issue 4, has ten articles, seven of which employ some form ofcasual modeling. One exception (Mears and Bales, 2009) estimates causale ects using matching, another exception (Schultz and Tabanico, 2009) esti-mates causal e ects using randomized experiments, and the nal exception(Guerette and Bowers, 2009) estimates causal e ects using meta-analysis.
A Requirement for Dimerization of HP1Hsα in Suppression of Breast Cancer Invasion

The development and progression of cancer is controlled by gene expression, often regulated through chromatin packaging. Heterochromatin protein 1Hsα (HP1Hsα), one of three human HP1 family members, participates in heterochromatin formation and gene regulation. HP1Hsα possesses an amino-terminal chromodomain, which binds methylated lysine 9 of histone H3 (meK9 H3), and a carboxyl-terminal chromoshadow domain (CSD) that is required for dimerization and interaction with partner proteins. HP1Hsα is down-regulated in invasive metastatic breast cancer cells compared with poorly invasive nonmetastatic breast cancer cells. Expression of EGFP-HP1Hsα in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 cells causes a reduction in in vitro invasion, without affecting cell growth. Conversely, knock-down of HP1Hsα levels in the poorly invasive breast cancer cell line MCF-7 increased invasion, without affecting cell growth. To determine whether functions of the CSD were required for the regulation of invasion, mutant forms of HP1Hsα were expressed in MDA-MB-231 cells. A W174A mutation that disrupts interactions between HP1Hsα and PXVXL-containing partner proteins reduced invasion similar to that of the wild type protein. In contrast, an I165E mutation that disrupts dimerization of HP1Hsα did not decrease invasion. No gross changes in localization and abundance of HP1Hsβ, HP1Hsγ, and meK9 H3 were observed upon expression of wild type and mutant forms of HP1Hsα in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, these data demonstrate that modulation of HP1Hsα alters the invasive potential of breast cancer cells through mechanisms requiring HP1 dimerization, but not interactions with PXVXL-containing proteins.
Comparison of Wound Healing with and without Dressings

(1953). Comparison of Wound Healing with and without Dressings. Hospital Topics: Vol. 31, No. 5, pp. 64-67.
CYCLIC AMP IN LONGISSIMUS MUSCLE FROM CONTROL AND STRESS SUSCEPTIBLE PIGS

As part of a continuing study to define the etiology of porcine stress syndrome and pale, soft, exudative pork, cyclic AMP (c-AMP) levels in longissimus muscle from stress susceptible (SS) and control (C) pigs were compared. At 3 min postmortem, levels of c-AMP were significantly higher for SS than for C pigs; thereafter differences were not significant. Variations in initial levels of glycogen affected lactate, pH and color of the postmortem muscles but did not affect c-AMP levels. Initial levels of glycogen were higher for SS pigs killed in the morning than for those killed in the afternoon. Results of this study indicate that further study, using greater numbers of pigs, is warranted to establish whether the 3 min postmortem level of c-AMP can be used as an objective measure of stress susceptibility.
Cohort effects and the incumbency advantage

The literature on the incumbency advantage in U.S. House elections has focused mostly on political variables, such as competition and incumbent resources. For this article, I identify an important sociological variable: a cohort effect that separates older generations from younger ones. Younger generations have been more likely to vote for incumbents, and the difference has endured over time, even as the political environment itself has changed and become more partisan. Moreover, the results hold even when one controls for partisan identification and general time-period effects. The incumbency advantage may be a broader and more-enduring part of American politics than has previously been recognized.