cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Control of oxyurids in mice using thiabendazole

Mice with a natural infection of Syphacia obvelata and Aspiculuris tetraptera were continuously medicated with 0.1% thiabendazole in the diet. No oxyurids were found in test animals after 24 days of treatment though control animals remained infected. Growth rates in treated animals increased. 2 generations of mice were studied and, although overall production fell by 1.45%, the use of this drug in total eradication of the worms is suggested.
Accelerated volume graphics

This paper introduces the field of volume visualization, volumetric data representations, and volume rendering algorithms. It further discusses volume graphics and its underlying voxelization algorithms. Special-purpose volume rendering architectures have been researched for over two decades. Recently, commercial real-time volume rendering boards have been introduced, most notably the VolumePro board which is based on the Cube-4 architecture developed at Stony Brook University.
Dynamic trace analysis for analytic modeling of superscalar performance

Abstract The advent of superscalar processors introduces additional architectural design tradeoffs. Identifying the potential performance impact of these tradeoffs early is critical in achieving a high performance/cost ratio. To study performance, a method of analyzing dynamic instruction traces to characterize program parallelism is introduced. This technique allows performance evaluation of many architectural variations with a single execution pass through an application or benchmark of interest. A new parameter, the β α ratio, is used to quantify the available parallelism within programs versus the scope of concurrency detection. Performance is evaluated within a framework of multi-instruction issue, speculative execution, dynamic scheduling, and finite scope of concurrency detection. A trace-driven superscalar simulator was developed to extend the validation of a previously developed analytic model to dynamic trace analysis. Using actual execution traces from four science/engineering application benchmarks, the throughput prediction of the model is shown to be close to the throughput measured via the simulator.
The hair cycle

The hair coat, which keeps most mammals warm, dry and protected from harmful elements, requires a constant supply of new hairs throughout the lifetime of the animal. To produce new hairs, existing follicles undergo cycles of growth (anagen), regression (catagen) and rest (telogen). During each
Current role and future perspectives for ifosfamide in the treatment of malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma—results from an expert meeting

In this supplemental issue of Annals of Oncology, leading experts from Australia, Europe and the USA present results from their trials using ifosfamide-containing chemotherapy regimens for the treatment of malignant non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin’s disease (HD). The relative merits of the established regimens, achievable treatment results and future perspectives for ifosfamide regimens were discussed during a workshop, held in October 2002 at Cap Ferrat, France. The expert faculty discussed practical issues related to the use of ifosfamide and mesna including suggestions for inpatient and outpatient ifosfamide regimens in combination with rituximab and guidelines for the management of possible side-effects. The practical guidelines for outpatient ifosfamide-based regimens, by fractionating the administration of ifosfamide, infusomates or oral mesna, were discussed as well. Many patients with aggressive NHL can be cured with anthracycline-containing chemotherapy regimens. The benefit of adding rituximab to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy for non-pretreated elderly patients with aggressive NHL was demonstrated in a recently published randomized trial performed by Groupe d’Etude des Lymphomes de l’Adulte (GELA) [1]. Despite this, more than half of the patients are primarily refractory or relapse and require salvage therapy. A certain subset of patients with chemosensitive disease can be cured with high-dose therapy and stem cell transplantation. Before high-dose therapy, patients usually receive combination chemotherapy regimens to establish tumor chemosensitivity and to reduce tumor bulk. It is critical that a cytoreductive regimen has a high response rate with minimal organ-related toxicities, while at the same time providing adequate collection of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC).
Toledo Metropatterns: A Regional Agenda for Community and Stability in Toledo

This research identifies the suburban typology of Toledo, Ohio through a study of the social and fiscal disparities within the region. Municipal tax base and other demographic data, such as poverty rates measured at the school-level, are used to show wide variations in the capacities of suburban municipalities to provide local public services. The results show clear signs of current fiscal and social stress in the region. A range of regional fiscal, planning, and governance reforms are also evaluated.
The Intrinsically Disordered Membrane Enzymes Selenoprotein S and Selenoprotein K

Selenoproteins constitute a family of enzymes involved in the management and regulation of reactive oxygen species, signaling molecules that are also affiliated with molecular damage and disease. The family contains two intrinsically disordered membrane proteins: selenoprotein S (SelS) and selenoprotein K (SelK). Both of these bitopic membrane proteins reside in the endoplasmic reticulum and contain the highly reactive amino acid selenocysteine, The precise function of SelK and SelS is presently still unknown, however it has been shown that in vivo they participate in anti-oxidant defense. In addition they are members of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Associated Protein Degradation (ERAD) pathway, which is responsible for dislocation of misfolded proteins from the ER for degradation in the cytoplasm. We have shown that SelK and SelS belong to the very small group of intrinsically disordered proteins that exhibit enzymatic functions. We demonstrate that SelS is an efficient reductase capable of reducing disulfide bonds, while SelK has a weak but nevertheless relevant lipid peroxidase activity. The latter is particular noteworthy because lipid hydroperoxides are accessible to only a limited set of peroxidases, but play a critical role in membrane health.
Fast Atom Bombardment of Peptides Above 5000 Daltons

This paper summarizes analyses and investigations made through the last four years in a sector mass spectrometer with a 23 Kg magnet, transmitting ions up to about 3000 Daltons at full accelerating voltage. In order to work with ions above 5000 Daltons the accelerating voltage and often the resolution were lowered. Many of the considerations and much of the protocol we have developed to push this instrument to its limit will be applicable to higher mass magnets as these become available. The Kratos MS-50 used in this work was fitted with a saddle field gun for fast atom bombardment, an 8kV post accelerating detector, and the Kratos DS-55 data system with software written both in house and commercially. This instrument was routinely calibrated to assign masses in real time to about 4500 Daltons. Alternatively, the computer system could be calibrated through 3000 amu anywhere in the mass range up to at least 7500 Daltons for off-line mass assignment. Thus masses above 5000 were assigned either by peak matching or by computer supported off-line comparison to cesium iodide reference spectra.
Determination of Diosbulbin B in Dioscorea bulbifera L. by HPLC

Aim To establish an HPLC method for the determination of Diosbulbin B in Dioscorea bulbifera L.Method The dried medicinal herb was extracted with CH3OH and CHCl3,then determined by HPLC.The symmetry C18 column(150 mm ×3.9 mm,5 μm)was used with a mobile phase of methanol-water-phosphoric(60∶ 40∶ 0.08)and a flow rate of 0.8 ml·min-1,at the detection wavelength of 215 nm.Results This method showed good linear relation(r=0.999 8)in the range of 4.92~4396.00 mg·L-1 for salicylic acid.The average recovery was 99.80%,with RSD of 0.57%.Conclusion The method is simple,quick,accurate and suitable for the quality control of Dioscorea bulbifera L.
Fatigue behavior of novel hybrid fastening system with adhesive inserts

A novel joining technique that incorporates the advantages of both bonded (lightweight) and bolted (easy disassembly) techniques was invented (Provisional Patent 61/658,163) by Dr. Gary Cloud at Michigan State University. The most basic configuration of this invention consists of a bolt that has a channel machined through the bolt-shaft that allows injection of an insert compound that fills the necessary clearance between the bolt and the work-pieces and acts a structural component. More sophisticated versions of the concept incorporate additional sleeves or inserts.
HITRAN spectroscopy evaluation using solar occultation FTIR spectra

High resolution FTIR solar occultation spectra, acquired by the JPL MkIV Fourier transform spectrometer from balloon, covering 650–5650 cm^(−1) at 0.01 cm^(−1) resolution, are systematically analyzed using the last four versions of the HITRAN linelist (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012). The rms spectral fitting residuals are used to assess the quality and adequacy of the linelists as a function of wavenumber and altitude. Although there have been substantial overall improvements with each successive version of HITRAN, there are nevertheless a few spectral regions where the latest HITRAN version (2012) has regressed, or produces residuals that far exceed the noise level. A few of these instances are investigated further and their causes identified. We emphasize that fitting atmospheric spectra, in addition to laboratory spectra, should be part of the quality assurance for any new linelist before public release.
Determination of Chromium and Molybdenum in Medical Foods by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry

Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to determine chromium and molybdenum in 7 medical foods from 5 manufacturers. Linear standard curves were obtained for both elements for concentrations between 5 and 25 ng/mL. Detection limits were 0.24 ng/mL for Cr and 0.67 ng/mL for Mo. Characteristic masses were 3.1 and 14.7 pg for Cr and Mo, respectively. No difference was detected between wet and dry ashing methods, and dry ashing was used to complete the study. The method was validated by assaying various National Institute of Standards and Technology standard reference materials. Analysis of these products for Cr and Mo were within certified values. One product was evaluated by this method for reproducibility (n = 5). Relative standard deviations were 6.8 and 4.8% for Cr and Mo, respectively. This product contained 0.31 +/= 0.02 micrograms Cr/g and 0.63 +/- 0.03 micrograms Mo/g. The remaining products contained 0.09-1.28 micrograms Cr/g and 0.07-2.3 micrograms Mo/g. Mean recovery values were 98 +/- 14% (n = 14) for Cr at spike levels of 0.20-1.89 micrograms/g and 102 +/- 24% (n = 10) for Mo at spike levels of 0.30-1.89 micrograms/g.
A Novel Mechanism in Generation of Self-Antigen Repertoire - An Unconventional Antigen Translated by a Novel Internal Ribosome Entry Site Elicits Anti-Tumor Humoral Immune Responses.

Self-tumor antigens that elicit anti-tumor immune/autoimmune responses in responses to interferon-a (IFN-a) stimulation remain poorly defined. We screened a human testis cDNA library with sera from three polycythemia vera (PV) patients who responded to IFN-a and identified a novel antigen, MPD6. MPD6 belongs to the group of cryptic antigens without conventional genomic structure and is encoded by a cryptic open reading frame located in the 3′untranslated region (3′UTR) of myotrophin mRNA. MPD6 elicits IgG antibody responses in a subset of PV patients, as well as patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and prostate cancer, suggesting that it is broadly immunogenic. The expression of myotrophin-MPD6 transcripts in tumor cells was upregulated in some tumor cells, but only slightly increased in K562 cells in response to IFN-a treatment. By using bicistronic reporter constructs, we showed that the translation of MPD6 was mediated by a novel internal ribosome entry site (IRES) upstream of the MPD6 reading frame. Furthermore, the MPD6-IRES mediated translation, but not myotrophin-MPD6 transcription, was significantly upregulated in response to IFN-a stimulation. These findings demonstrate for the first time that a novel IRES-mediated mechanism is responsible for the translation of unconventional self-antigen MPD6 in responsive to IFN-a stimulation. The eliciting anti-tumor immune response against unconventional antigen MPD6 in patients with myeloproliferative diseases suggests MPD6 as a potential target of novel immunotherapy. Our results also suggest that the enhancement of IRES-mediated translation of unconventional self-antigen(s) by IFN-a is a novel mechanism of IFN-a enhanced anti-tumor immune/autoimmune responses.
Evaluating the economic viability of CdTe/CIS and CIGS/CIS tandem photovoltaic modules

We analyze the potential cost competitiveness of two frameless, glass–glass thin-film tandem photovoltaic module structures, cadmium telluride (CdTe)/CuInSe2 (CIS) and CuIn0.3Ga0.7Se2 (CIGS)/CIS, based on the demonstrated cost of manufacturing the respective component cell technologies in high volume. To consider multiple economic scenarios, we base the CdTe/CIS module efficiency on the current industrial production of CdTe modules, while for CIGS/CIS, we use an aspirational estimate for CIGS efficiency. We focus on four-terminal mechanically stacked structures, thus avoiding the need to achieve current matching between the two cells. The top cell in such a tandem must have a transparent back contact, which has not been successfully implemented to date. However, for the purpose of understanding the economic viability of both tandems, we assume that this can be implemented at a cost similar to that of sputtered indium tin oxide. The cost of both tandem module structures was found to be nearly identical on an equal-area basis and approximately $30/m2 higher than the single-junction alternatives. Both tandem modules are about 4% (absolute) more efficient than a module by using the top-cell material alone. We find that these tandem modules might reduce total system cost by as much as 11% in applications having a high area-related balance-of-system cost, such as area-constrained residential systems; however, the relative advantage of tandems decreases in the cases where balance-of-system costs are lower, such as in commercial and utility scale systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Reveals an Organometallic Ni–C Bond in the CO-Treated Form of Acetyl-CoA Synthase

Acetyl-CoA synthase (ACS) is a key enzyme in the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway of anaerobic CO2 fixation, which has long been proposed to operate by a novel mechanism involving a series of protein-bound organometallic (Ni–CO, methyl–Ni, and acetyl–Ni) intermediates. Here we report the first direct structural evidence of the proposed metal–carbon bond. We describe the preparation of the highly active metal-replete enzyme and near-quantitative generation of the kinetically competent carbonylated intermediate. This advance has allowed a combination of Ni and Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy and extended X-ray absorption fine structure experiments along with density functional theory calculations. The data reveal that CO binds to the proximal Ni of the six-metal metallocenter at the active site and undergoes dramatic structural and electronic perturbation in forming this organometallic Ni–CO intermediate. This direct identification of a Ni–carbon bond in the catalytically competent CO-bound form of the A clus...
Integrals On Manifolds

In mathematics and its applications one may encounter situations in which it is desirable to set up integrals over arcs or surfaces or their higher dimensional generalizations. (These higher dimensional generalizations are called manifolds. We shall explain them later in this chapter.) For instance, given a mass distributed along an arc with a known density, find the total mass along the arc. Or given a fluid flow through a surface with a given rate of flow at each point of the surface, find the total flow through the surface at any given instant of time.
Landau–Kleffner Syndrome

The Landau–Kleffner syndrome is a form of epilepsy, which is classified as an epileptic encephalopathy. This indicates an encephalopathy, which is made worse by epilepsy, just as bilirubin encephalopathy is made worse by bilirubin. A closely aligned condition is called epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow-wave sleep (CSWS). These two syndromes were once thought as one, but are now considered to be two separate but related epilepsy entities. Several other epileptic encephalopathies are described, including infantile spasms and Lennox–Gastaut syndrome.
Design and development of a customizable telemedicine platform for improving access to healthcare for underserved populations

Telemedicine offers a method to bridge the healthcare access gap in low and middle income countries (LMICs) by connecting providers with patients using appropriate technology. Here we describe the design and development of a novel modular telemedicine platform, Intelehealth, that would enable health systems to connect remote doctors with patients in rural clinics using a customizable Android-based platform and a cloud-based electronic health record system at the backend (OpenMRS). This open source platform enables task shifting of medically relevant information gathering by a local health worker, transmission of this information to a remote doctor, and a telephonic conversation between the doctor and the patient that subsequently allows for delivery of an appropriate therapeutic plan. Intelehealth is designed to operate on a low bandwidth internet environment, and will be tested and validated in rural health clinics in India.
Cancer epigenetics and effector T cells in immunotherapy and chemotherapy.

17Background: The tumor microenvironment is comprised of immune cells that have been reprogrammed by active tumor-mediated processes to defeat tumor-specific immunity and promote tumor growth in a ...
Modeling operating modes, energy consumptions, and infrastructure requirements of fuel cell plug in hybrid electric vehicles using longitudinal geographical transportation data

Abstract The fuel cell plug in hybrid electric vehicle (FCPHEV) is a near-term realizable concept to commercialize hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCV). Relative to conventional FCVs, FCPHEVs seek to achieve fuel economy benefits through the displacement of hydrogen energy with grid-sourced electrical energy, and they may have less dependence on a sparse hydrogen fueling infrastructure. Through the simulation of almost 690,000 FCPHEV trips using geographic information system (GIS) data surveyed from a fleet of private vehicles in the Puget Sound area of Washington State, USA, this study derives the electrical and hydrogen energy consumption of various design and control variants of FCPHEVs. Results demonstrate that FCPHEVs can realize hydrogen fuel consumption reductions relative to conventional FCV technologies, and that the fuel consumption reductions increase with increased charge depleting range. In addition, this study quantifies the degree to which FCPHEVs are less dependent on hydrogen fueling infrastructure, as FCPHEVs can refuel with hydrogen at a lower rate than FCVs. Reductions in hydrogen refueling infrastructure dependence vary with control strategies and vehicle charge depleting range, but reductions in fleet-level refueling events of 93% can be realized for FCPHEVs with 40 miles (60 km) of charge depleting range. These fueling events occur on or near the network of highways at approximately 4% of the rate (refuelings per year) of that for conventional FCVs. These results demonstrate that FCPHEVs are a type of FCV that can enable an effective and concentrated hydrogen refueling network.
Victim Impact Statements in Capital Sentencing: 25 Years Post-Payne

Victim Impact Statements (VIS) in capital sentencing proceedings have been the subject of debate among justices in three critical U.S. Supreme Court decisions (Booth v. Maryland, 1987; South Carolina v. Gathers, (1989); Payne v. Tennessee, 1991), as well as among numerous legal commentators. The controversy surrounding VIS will be described in detail, focusing specifically on these critical decisions, in addition to outlining the arguments posited by legal scholars. The controversial issues concerning VIS largely address: (1) their relevance to blameworthiness and capacity to distract jurors from their principal role, and (2) their inflammatory appeal and potential to promote arbitrariness in sentencing. Prior to the Payne decision, there was no research that specifically addressed the effects of VIS on jurors in capital sentencing. Since that time, numerous studies have examined VIS and sentencing. Some consistency in findings have begun to emerge regarding important issues such as the emotional appeal of VIS, as well as the degree to which VIS operate as an expression of harm. The empirical research examining the effects of VIS is described, and gaps in our existing research and areas which merit future investigation are considered.
NOVEL ASPECTS OF METABOLISM OF PYRETHROIDS

Abstract The relative importance of detoxification and target site specificity in determining pyrethoid structure-activity relationships is considered with three examples, i.e. : houseflies and rethronyl chrysanthemates and analogs with various unsaturated side chains in the acid and alcohol moieties affecting the ease of synergism by piperonyl butoxide; American cockroaches and the trans - and cis isomers of tetramethrin, phenothrin and permethrin of high potency for inducing repetitive discharges in the cercal sensory nerve but not always of parallel toxicity; mice and the trans - and cis isomers of resmethrin, ethanomethrin, phenothrin and cyphenothrin varying from exceptionally low to moderately high intraperitoneal and intracerebral toxicity. There are large differences in the contribution of esterases and oxidases to detoxification and in the optimal synergist depending on the pyrethoid and species involved. Recent studies on pyrethroid metabolic chemistry have identified 12 conjugates of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in plants, insects, birds and 13 species of mammals and three bile acid conjugates of the fluvalinate acid moiety in chickens, rats and cows. trans -Tetramethrin is decarboxylated via the epoxychrysanthemate and undergoes reduction of the tetrahydrophthalimide fragment possibly via the glutathione conjugate. Several of the fluvalinate and flucythrinate metabolites are now identified. Derivatizations of the oxime ether and dihalovinyl substituents of potent pyrethroids provide the first examples of propyrethroids undergoing bioactivation.
Act local, act global: inflammation and the multiplicity of "vulnerable" coronary plaques.

Contemporary clinical and laboratory data have challenged our classical concepts of the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndromes. Indeed, several independent lines of clinical evidence have shown that critical stenoses cause only a fraction of acute coronary syndromes ([1][1]). Rather,
6.3 Cellulose and Associated Heteropolysaccharides

Polysaccharides constitute a class of polymers in which the elemental composition (i.e., O/C ratio) has been reduced from that of carbon dioxide to that of carbon monoxide plus hydrogen. The resulting structural diversity is employed by plants to support the life-sustaining functions of energy storage, structural support, and moisture management. Whereas cellulose is the plant’s premiere structural support molecule, the associated heteropolysaccharides (“hemicelluloses”) serve to provide for moisture sorption, fracture toughness, and storage energy. This variety of function is achieved by molecular manipulations resulting in strict regularity and uniformity on one hand, and careful tailoring of irregularity capable of preventing crystallization on the other. Synthetic structure manipulation strategies (i.e., derivatizations) employ
Science Fiction for Scientists!! An Introduction to SF Prototypes and Brain Machines.

This paper describes the process of Science Fiction (SF) prototyping as a design tool. An overview of the SF prototyping process is given, followed by a brisk overview of the relationship between science fictiona dn science fact as see in fiction, movies and comic books. Finally we finish up by discussion a specific SF prototype, the research and writings that fed into the process and the outcomes from the application and use. This paper should be read in conjunction with the short story Brain Machines (also included in this edition).
Total Mesorectal Excision with Autonomic Nerve Preservation: “Optimized Surgery”

The superiority of total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in reducing the incidence of local recurrence and improving long term survival compared to conventional blunt rectal dissection is well established. Impotence and other complications due to autonomic nerve injury are among the consequences of operations for treatment of rectal cancer. Sharp dissection along the parietal pelvic fascia where the parasympathetic nerves are located significantly reduces the incidence local recurrence. Autonomic nerve preservation during pelvic sidewall dissections is discussed in this chapter. Role of tumor specific TME, intraoperative nerve monitoring and importance of obtaining negative circumferential resection margin is discussed as well.
North American Wild Relatives of Grain Crops

The wild-growing relatives of the grain crops are useful for long-term worldwide crop improvement research. There are neglected examples that should be accessioned as living seeds in gene banks. Some of the grain crops, amaranth, barnyard millet, proso millet, quinoa, and foxtail millet, have understudied unique and potentially useful crop wild relatives in North America. Other grain crops, barley, buckwheat, and oats, have fewer relatives in North America that are mostly weeds from other continents with more diverse crop wild relatives. The expanding abilities of genomic science are a reason to accession the wild species since there are improved ways to study evolution within genera and make use of wide gene pools. Rare wild species, especially quinoa relatives in North American, should be acquired by gene banks in cooperation with biologists that already study and conserve at-risk plant populations. Many of the grain crop wild relatives are weeds that have evolved herbicide resistance that could be used in breeding new herbicide-resistant cultivars, so well-documented examples should be accessioned and also vouchered in gene banks.
Change, Challenge, and Confession: Looking toward the Future of Christian Higher Education:

In a plenary session at the Fall 2018 Society of Professors in Christian Education (SPCE) conference, David Dockery, President of Trinity International University, offered his perspectives on fifte...
Effects of dietary amino acid density and feed allocation during the starter period on 41 days of age growth performance and processing characteristics of broiler chickens given coccidiosis vaccination at hatch

ABSTRACT A study was conducted to determine if increasing digestible (dig) amino acid (AA) density or feed allocation of starter diets fed to broilers receiving coccidiosis vaccination can ameliorate poor cumulative growth performance and reduce meat yield. A total of 1,600 Yield Plus Ross × Ross 708 male broilers were assigned to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of dig AA density [moderate (1.15% dig Lys) and high (1.25% dig Lys)] and feed allotment (0.45, 0.73, and 1.00 kg/bird) with 2 positive control treatments during the starter period. Diets were formulated to essential AA ratios relative to dig Lys. Vaccinated birds received a 1x dosage of Coccivac- B52 prior to placement, whereas non-vaccinated birds in the positive control groups were fed diets containing diclazuril. Following consumption of the starter diets, birds were provided common grower and finisher diets. Broilers fed the high AA density diet during the starter period had higher cumulative BW gain and lower cumulative feed conversion ratios (P
Case Study 2: The Knoedler Art Forgery Network

The demise of the Knoedler Gallery due to the sale of a shocking number of forged artworks reveals how a group of determined individuals can exploit the flaws endemic to the art market. The Knoedler Gallery was one of the world’s most respected galleries. Yet with careful investigation and understanding, the false histories and authentications of the works of art eventually came to light. This case study examines some of the high-profile forgeries purporting to be works by important 20th Century artists such as Richard Diebenkorn, Robert Motherwell, and Mark Rothko. The forged works of art fooled the market for a short period of time, but as more and more questions were raised, the diligent work of curators, artist's families, and other art dealers revealed the full extent of the forgery network.
Rational entertainment and instructive amusement: Philadelphia’s nineteenth-century urban pleasure gardens and the emergence of nightlife

Philadelphia’s eighteenth-century rural pleasure gardens––Gray’s Gardens, Harrowgate, Wigwam Baths, and Bush Hill––were tentative first steps that demonstrated a demand for evening entertainment, b...
Efficient parametric frequency conversion in lithium niobate nanophotonic chips

Chip-integrated nonlinear photonics holds the key for advanced optical information processing with superior performance and novel functionalities. Here, we present an optimally mode-matched, periodically poled lithium niobate nanowaveguide for efficient parametric frequency conversions on chip. Using a 4-mm nanowaveguide with subwavelength mode confinement, we demonstrate second harmonic generation with efficiency over 2200% W −1 c m −2, and broadband difference frequency generation over a 4.3-THz spectral span. These allow us to generate correlated photon pairs over multiple frequency channels via spontaneous parametric down conversion, all in their fundamental spatial modes, with a coincidence to accidental ratio as high as 600. The high efficiency and dense integrability of the present chip devices may pave a viable route to scalable nonlinear applications in both classical and quantum domains.
Crystal structure of 1-[(4-methylbenzene)sulfonyl]pyrrolidine.

The mol­ecular structure of the title compound, C11H15NO2S, features a sulfonamide group with S=O bond lengths of 1.4357 (16) and 1.4349 (16) A, an S—N bond length of 1.625 (2) A, and an S—C bond length of 1.770 (2) A. When viewing the mol­ecule down the S—N bond, both N—C bonds of the pyrrolidine ring are oriented gauche to the S—C bond with torsion angles of −65.6 (2)° and 76.2 (2)°. The crystal structure features both intra- and inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as well as inter­molecular C—H⋯π and π–π inter­actions, leading to the formation of sheets parallel to the ac plane.
Examining suicide risk in individuals with autism spectrum disorder via the interpersonal theory of suicide: clinical insights and recommendations

Suicide-related behaviors are over-represented among youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A more thorough understanding of the connections between ASD and suicide-related behaviors may help t...
Novel PCR exclusion assay to detect spotted fever group rickettsiae in the lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum).

Abstract The lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum) is the most common and abundant human-biting tick in the southeastern United States where spotted fever rickettsioses frequently occur. However, the role of this tick in transmitting and maintaining pathogenic and non-pathogenic spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGR) remains poorly defined. This is partially due to the high prevalence and abundance of Rickettsia amblyommatis in most populations of A. americanum. Many molecular assays commonly employed to detect rickettsiae use PCR primers that target highly conserved regions in the SFGR so low abundance rickettsia may not be detected when R. amblyommatis is present. It is costly and inefficient to test for low abundance rickettsial agents with multiple individual specific assays even when they are multiplexed, as most samples will be negative. Real time PCR assays may also be hampered by inadequate limits of detection (LODs) for low abundance agents. We exploited the absence of an otherwise relatively SFGR-conserved genome region in R. amblyommatis to design a hemi-nested PCR-assay which has a sensitivity of 10 copies in detecting the presence of most SFGR, but not R. amblyommatis in DNA of infected lone star ticks. This deletion is conserved in 21 isolates of R. amblyommatis obtained from multiple states. We demonstrated the assay’s utility by detecting a pathogenic SFGR, Rickettsia parkeri, in 15/50 (30 %) of field collected A. americanum ticks that were previously screened with conventional assays and found to be positive for R. amblyommatis. These co-infected ticks included 1 questing female, 6 questing nymphs, and 8 attached males. The high prevalence of R. parkeri among host-attached ticks may be due to several variables and does not necessarily reflect the risk of disease transmission from attached ticks to vertebrate hosts. This novel assay can provide accurate estimates of the prevalence of less common SFGR in A. americanum and thus improve our understanding of the role of this tick in the maintenance and transmission of the SFGR commonly responsible for human rickettsioses.
Strategies to Promote Effective Secondary Special Education and Transition Content into Teacher Preparation Coursework

Despite over 40 years of research discussing the importance of embedding secondary special education and transition education into teacher education content, institutions of higher education in the USA continue to fail at providing this content in programs. This chapter describes the process one university undertook to develop a program to ensure graduating students obtained the knowledge and skills necessary to deliver quality transition services to secondary students with disabilities. Details are provided regarding the process utilized to develop a fully aligned, graduate-level degree program with the Council for Exceptional Children Advanced Standards for Transition Specialists (CEC transition standards. Retrieved from http://community.cec.sped.org/dcdt/cec-transition-standards, 2013). Strategies are provided to promote transition education based upon both program evaluation and input from graduates on the most beneficial components.
Double-Barreled CRISPR Technology as a Novel Treatment Strategy For COVID-19

Coronavirus is one of the causative agents for multiple human respiratory illnesses. A novel coronavirus, similar to the one that caused severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003, was identified as the cause of the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), which was first reported in late December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, this novel coronavirus has spread across the globe, with most identified COVID-19 cases and fatalities occurring in the United States. In this Perspective, we discuss coronavirus pathogenicity, conventional antiviral therapies, prophylactic strategies, and novel treatment strategies for COVID-19. We highlight the application of CRISPR technology as an emerging pan-antiviral therapy. We also discuss the challenges of in vivo delivery of CRISPR components and propose novel approaches to achieve selective delivery exclusively into SARS-CoV-2-infected cells with high efficiency by hijacking the surface proteins of SARS-CoV-2.
Substructure within the SSA22 protocluster at z ≈ 3.09

We present the results of a densely sampled spectroscopic survey of the SSA22 protocluster at z ≈ 3.09. Our sample with Keck/LRIS spectroscopy includes 106 Lyα emitters (LAEs) and 40 Lyman break galaxies (LBGs) at z = 3.05–3.12. These galaxies are contained within the 9' × 9' region in which the protocluster was discovered, which also hosts the maximum galaxy overdensity in the SSA22 region. The redshift histogram of our spectroscopic sample reveals two distinct peaks, at z = 3.069 (blue; 43 galaxies) and z = 3.095 (red; 103 galaxies). Furthermore, objects in the blue and red peaks are segregated on the sky, with galaxies in the blue peak concentrating toward the western half of the field. These results suggest that the blue and red redshift peaks represent two distinct structures in physical space. Although the double-peaked redshift histogram is traced in the same manner by LBGs and LAEs, and brighter and fainter galaxies, we find that 9 out of 10 X-ray AGNs in SSA22, and all 7 spectroscopically confirmed giant Lyα "blobs," reside in the red peak. We combine our data set with sparsely sampled spectroscopy from the literature over a significantly wider area, finding preliminary evidence that the double-peaked structure in redshift space extends beyond the region of our dense spectroscopic sampling. In order to fully characterize the three-dimensional structure, dynamics, and evolution of large-scale structure in the SSA22 overdensity, we require the measurement of large samples of LAE and LBG redshifts over a significantly wider area, as well as detailed comparisons with cosmological simulations of massive cluster formation.
A Single Layer Synthetic Dural Substitute Inlay is an Effective Sellar Reconstruction Technique in Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery

Objectives A variety of endonasal sellar repair techniques have been described; many are complex, multilayered, and carry potential morbidity. We propose an effective, technically simple single-layer repair for select sellar defects, including those with an intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak. Our technique utilizes only a synthetic dural substitute inlay and dural sealant glue without packing or lumbar drainage. Design This is a retrospective review-based study. Setting This study was conducted at tertiary care center. Participants Patients who underwent endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery for pituitary adenoma and sellar reconstruction with the aforementioned inlay technique. Patients were selected for this technique if they had an identified intraoperative CSF leak, a patulous diaphragm (expanded and thinned diaphragma sella), or a comorbidity excluding them from a simpler onlay only reconstruction. Outcome Measures Postoperative CSF leak and sinonasal morbidity included in the study Results A total of 409 subjects were identified; 368 were initial resections. Gross total resection of the pituitary adenoma was achieved in 356 (87.0%) cases. Average tumor size was 2.6 ± 1.1 cm. Average tumor volume was 10.8 ± 12.1 cm3. There were 135 intraoperative CSF leaks and 196 patulous diaphragms. There were five postoperative CSF leaks (1.2%), all of which occurred in the first half of our series. Pre- and postoperative sino-nasal outcomes test-22 scores were 19.2 ± 18.2 and 18.8 ± 21.3 (p = 0.492), respectively. Conclusion A synthetic dural substitute inlay and dural sealant glue is an excellent single-layer repair for sellar defects, even those with an intraoperative CSF leak. This technique is highly effective in preventing postoperative CSF leaks and does not utilize packing or lumbar drainage. It also avoids the potential cost and morbidity associated with more complex and multilayered closures.
Experimental Government in the Anthropocene

The effects of modern liberal capitalism such as climate change, environmental degradation, and infrastructural fragility are seen as requiring the recalibration of modern governmental frameworks. This chapter traces two tendencies within this attempt to rethinking government for the Anthropocene and explores the perceived problems of modern government that they address. First, it briefly discusses proposals for planetary earth systems governance and efforts to maintain global safe operating spaces. Second, it shows that some of the most profound governmental transformations are being forged more concretely at the scale of the city. Cities are seen as both drivers of climate change as well as especially promising sites for building resilience to it due to their ability to respond quickly via situated experiments that incorporate diverse publics and nature. The chapter concludes by discussing the resilience assemblage stitched together across these two tendencies and the interlinked, eco-technical-cybernetic vision of life forwarded therein.
Estimating the Technical and Economic Efficiency of Honey production in Qalyubia Governorate

Honey bee breeding is one of the important agricultural and economic activities that can contribute to economic and social development, provide job opportunities for youth, and the role of bees in raising crop productivity. The research problem is the decrease in production of honey bees, despite its economic, nutritional and medical importance, and this means that there are deficiencies and problems that impede the optimal use of the development of honey bee production in Qalyubia Governorate. The research aimed Upgrading the efficiency of using the productive resources used to produce honey to achieve the maximum possible return, by optimum use of production inputs for honey bee in Governorate to increase its production and reduce its production costs. The most important research result is Estimating the general time trend of the development of honey production in Egypt during the period 2000/2019, and it was found that the production of honey is decreasing by about 252.8 tons annually, the determined coefficient that 90% of the change in the production of honey is due to the factor of time. The rate of return on investment was about 0.6, 1.3 and 1.4 for projects (the first, second and third categories) respectively. The net present value for (the first, second and third categories) was estimated at 10 thousand pounds, 53.6 thousand pounds, 90 thousand pounds, respectively. Estimating the capacity efficiency for the first and second productive category, they amounted about 0.980, 0.972, respectively and this means that the apiaries didn’t reach the capacity efficiency and can reach it by increasing their production by an estimated rate of about 2%, 3%, but the capacity efficiency of the third category apiaries is about 1, this means that the apiaries in this category have achieved capacity efficiency, and they operate at the optimum production.
High-performance anthraquinone with potentially low cost for aqueous redox flow batteries

Electrolyte cost and long-term durability are the two most challenging obstacles to the practical utilization of redox-active organics in aqueous redox flow batteries. Starting from potentially inexpensive 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinone (1,8-DHAQ), we developed a one-pot, green, and scalable approach to synthesize a highly water-soluble and potentially low-cost anthraquinone 1,8-dihydroxy-2,7-dicarboxymethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (DCDHAQ). The demonstrated volumetric capacity of DCDHAQ in 1 M KOH is 40.2 A h L−1, which is around 70 times higher than that of its precursor 1,8-DHAQ (0.567 A h L−1) at pH 14. The introduction of –CH2CO2− as solubilizing groups suppressed the disproportionation reaction of reduced anthraquinone both thermodynamically and kinetically. Consequently, the cycling stability of anthraquinone was improved significantly compared to that of the precursor. Pairing a negolyte comprising 0.75 M DCDHAQ with a posolyte comprising 0.3 M ferrocyanide at pH 14, we demonstrated a cell with an open-circuit voltage of 1.1 V and a low capacity fade rate of 0.03% per day. The synthetic method of attaching –CH2CO2− as solubilizing groups is likely applicable to other anthraquinone derivatives and other aromatic organics as an inexpensive approach to performance enhancement in energy applications.
The nuclear and cytoplasmic activities of RNA polymerase III, and an evolving transcriptome for surveillance.

A 1969 report that described biochemical and activity properties of the three eukaryotic RNA polymerases revealed Pol III as highly distinguishable, even before its transcripts were identified. Now known to be the most complex, Pol III contains several stably-associated subunits referred to as built-in transcription factors (BITFs) that enable highly efficient RNA synthesis by a unique termination-associated recycling process. In vertebrates, subunit RPC7(α/β) can be of two forms, encoded by POLR3G or POLR3GL, with differential activity. Here we review promoter-dependent transcription by Pol III as an evolutionary perspective of eukaryotic tRNA expression. Pol III also provides nonconventional functions reportedly by promoter-independent transcription, one of which is RNA synthesis from DNA 3'-ends during repair. Another is synthesis of 5'ppp-RNA signaling molecules from cytoplasmic viral DNA in a pathway of interferon activation that is dysfunctional in immunocompromised patients with mutations in Pol III subunits. These unconventional functions are also reviewed, including evidence that link them to the BITF subunits. We also review data on a fraction of the human Pol III transcriptome that evolved to include vault RNAs and snaRs with activities related to differentiation, and in innate immune and tumor surveillance. The Pol III of higher eukaryotes does considerably more than housekeeping.
A longitudinal study of ventilation rates in California office buildings and self-reported occupant outcomes including respiratory illness absence

Abstract Background Limited evidence has associated lower ventilation rates (VRs) in offices with higher illness-related absence rates. Methods We studied spaces in office buildings, selected without knowledge of their VRs, in three California climate zones. In each study space, real-time logging sensors measured carbon dioxide and thermal parameters for one year. Web-based surveys every three months collected data on occupants’ health outcomes. Using multivariate models, relationships were assessed between CO 2 concentrations, or VRs estimated from CO 2 , and adverse occupant outcomes including respiratory infections and illness absences. For all outcomes, positive associations were hypothesized with higher CO 2 levels (and negative associations with higher VRs). Results Low survey response limited sample size and study power. In the 16 study spaces, CO 2 concentrations were uniformly low over the year, and most estimated VRs ranged from twice to nine times the California office minimum VR standard (7 L/s or 15 cfm per person). Primary CO 2 and VR metrics had no statistically significant relationships with occupant outcomes. Conclusions Within the observed range of uniformly low CO 2 and high VRs (mostly 16–42 L/s per person), little variation in contaminant concentrations would be expected, which would explain lack of relationships with occupant outcomes. These high VRs resulted partly from frequently used energy-saving “economizer” cycles in moderate California climates, but VRs at other times also substantially exceeded required VRs. These findings suggest, consistent with theory, that within a higher VR range, increased VRs do not reduce respiratory illness. Further studies are needed to better characterize such relationships.
Low Plasma Renin in Hypertensive Patients: Correlations with Aldosterone, Sodium and Potassium Excretion

Physicians have learned much from physiological studies of the control of renin and aldosterone secretion, but our understanding of the variations in circulating hormones in patients with hypertension is still far from complete. This paper will describe some aspects of low plasma renin activity (PRA) in hypertensive patients.