cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The interplay of genetic influences and social processes in developmental theory: Specific mechanisms are coming into view

In the coming years we can look forward to research that clarifies specific mechanisms that account for the interplay between genetic and environmental influences on psychological development. Certain misconceptions, arising from research traditions initiated by Francis Galton on the one hand and G. Stanley Hall on the other, may now be set aside in the light of new evidence. Three important findings promise a new synthesis. First, while each of us is born with about 100,000 genes that, under ordinary circumstances, do not change, the expression of these genes on behavior is dynamic. Some genetic influences are expressed early in development, but others are manifest many years later. Second, genetic factors often account not only for some of the individual differences in the measures of adjustments we typically use to monitor development but also for individual differences in environmental experiences that covary with those measures of adjustment. Indeed, genetic factors have been found to account for a surprising amount of covariance between measures of the social environment and of adjustment in young children, adolescents, and adults. Third, the expression of genetic influences are very malleable and responsive to the social environment. These new findings are revealing specific mechanisms for the interplay of genetic and social environmental factors in four domains. First, the social environment may play both a necessary and specific role in the expression of particular genetic influences on a range of behaviors from depression to social responsibility. Second, an understanding of the interplay between the social environment and genetics may lead to a clearer definition of the phenotypic manifestations of particular genetic influences. Third, we will-as a result of these studies-have a clearer fix on the timing of important events and their sequence in development. Fourth, this new genre of work promises to illumine more completely mechanisms by which the social environment influences development independent of genetic influence.
The Aftermath of Hurtful Events: Cognitive, Communicative, and Relational Outcomes

This study explored cognitive, communicative, and relational outcomes associated with hurtful events in romantic relationships. Participants (N = 206) completed two surveys, two months apart, to examine uncertainty as a mediator between hurt and rumination and hurt and forgiveness, communication differences based on hurtful event type, and post-hurtful event relational changes. Fourteen types of hurtful events emerged, with infidelity (n = 47) and jealousy (n = 27) occurring most frequently. Self-uncertainty mediated the relationships between hurt and rumination, nonverbal forgiveness, and forgiveness through minimization.
Investigation of Rubber/Metal Bond Failures by Surface-Analysis Techniques

Abstract Surface-analysis techniques including ISS, SIMS, XPS, and SEM are highly complementary and are essential for detailed investigations of rubber/metal bond failures. Multitechnique investigations offer the most effective means of solving problems in bonding applications. EDS, a near-surface analysis technique usually associated with SEM, is a versatile supporting technique for comprehensive studies. Contamination of materials used in bonding applications, especially by silicones, is a commonly encountered factor in bond failures. However, the extent and role of the contamination is often difficult to assess. Prepared test coupons exposed to silicone spray mist considered significant in this study exhibit isolated regions of silicone contamination that did not severely influence peel-test failure modes or maximum peel-load values. The techniques used in this study can be used independently or together to identify surface-treatment effects, determine failure locus, verify the presence of conversion c...
Polyhalo-organometallic and -organometalloidal compounds

Abstract The preparation and some properties of the compounds (C6F5)nSiPh4−n (where n = 1–4) and (C6F5)nPh3−nSiX (where n = 1 or 2 and X = H or Cl) are described. In general, these compounds were obtained by the reaction of a (pentafluorophenyl)-metallic compound with the corresponding chlorosilane. However, compounds of the form (C6F5)nPh3−nSiCl could not be obtained in this manner; they were prepared by the chlorination of the corresponding organosilicon hydrides. Evidence is presented which suggests that pentachlorophenyllithium is more reactive towards chlorotriphenylsilane than is pentafluorophenyllithium under similar conditions. The reaction of an alkyllithium compound with (pentafluorophenyl)diphenyl-silane leads predominantly to cleavage of the pentafluorophenyl group from silicon. The infrared spectra of all the above compounds are discussed and the ultraviolet spectra of the compounds (C6F5)nSiPh4−n (where n = 1–4) are reported.
Atmospheric Pressure Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 Using Trimethyl Aluminum and Ozone

High throughput spatial atomic layer deposition (ALD) often uses higher reactor pressure than typical batch processes, but the specific effects of pressure on species transport and reaction rates are not fully understood. For aluminum oxide (Al2O3) ALD, water or ozone can be used as oxygen sources, but how reaction pressure influences deposition using ozone has not previously been reported. This work describes the effect of deposition pressure, between ∼2 and 760 Torr, on ALD Al2O3 using TMA and ozone. Similar to reports for pressure dependence during TMA/water ALD, surface reaction saturation studies show self-limiting growth at low and high pressure across a reasonable temperature range. Higher pressure tends to increase the growth per cycle, especially at lower gas velocities and temperatures. However, growth saturation at high pressure requires longer O3 dose times per cycle. Results are consistent with a model of ozone decomposition kinetics versus pressure and temperature. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) results confirm the trends in growth rate and indicate that the surface reaction mechanisms for Al2O3 growth using ozone are similar under low and high total pressure, including expected trends in the reaction mechanism at different temperatures.
The Killing Trap: Findings, consequences, and prevention

The twentieth century witnessed the horrors of genocide and its sequelae, horrors that unfortunately have not yet ceased. A major purpose of this volume has been to identify antecedent factors that make genocide more or less likely to occur, as well as factors that increase victim vulnerability, thereby augmenting the magnitude of the killing. In this chapter, therefore, I begin by summarizing similarities and differences in the findings. Following this presentation, I include summaries of the analyses that help clarify the consequences of genocide and modes of genocide prevention including the role of democracy. If nothing else, an investigation of genocide should lead not only to an understanding of its origins and consequences, but also to ways of preventing genocide in the future. Which variables are most likely to signal the onset of genocide and how should interested parties (in the best-case scenario, the entire international community) react? Similarities and differences Genocide and other crimes against humanity such as ethnic cleansing share certain features in common. Most important, they are more likely to occur during wartime than during peacetime. War is associated with uncertainty, as its outcome tends to be uncertain. Given the tendency of uncertainty to increase reliance on prior knowledge or memory, as the Bayesian findings inform us, a recent history of loss looms large in its decision-making influence. Loss builds on and coalesces the tendencies toward extremism already inherent in the search for unity and continuity of mass murder.
Evidence-based practice: fever-related interventions

Fever is a common phenomenon in critically ill patients. Ideally, all decisions about treatment of fever would be based on results of well-developed research studies. Instead, some research questions related to treatment of fever have been studied more extensively than others. This article is an evaluation of the usefulness of the research studies related to treatment of fever in the critically ill. Two questions are addressed: when is treatment of fever most beneficial to a critically ill patient, and how is fever most effectively treated in the critically ill? Evidence related to the treatment of fever is evaluated by using the recommendation levels of the research-based practice protocols of the American Association of Critical-Care Nurses.
Potential Effects of Managed Care on Specialty Practice at a University Medical Center

Background The growth of managed care presents a challenge to academic medical centers, because the demand for the services of specialists is likely to continue decreasing. We estimated the number of enrollees the University of Michigan Medical Center would need in its health maintenance organization (HMO) system in order to provide revenue equivalent to the total revenue it received for professional specialty care in 1992. Methods Rates of utilization and payment were based on the medical center's experience with managed care in 1992 in its independent practice association HMO, in which 25,000 members had capitated coverage and received primary and all specialty care from university physicians, and 15,000 members received primary care and most specialty care from physicians outside the university. We assumed that persons not enrolled in Medicare were all enrolled in managed-care plans. Primary care activity was excluded from the calculations of expense, revenue, and numbers of faculty members. Results If...
Investigation on Wild Plants and Lead Cadmium Carrying Volume around A Lead-Zinc Smelting Plant

The investigation on two- kilometer region around a lead- zinc smelting plant was conducted,34 species of wild plants in 18 families were collected,and the contents of lead and cadmium in the soil,as well as the lead and cadmium carrying volume of aboveground part of these plants were analyzed. The results showed that Pennisetum purpureum Schumach,Gaura parviflora,Leonurus sibiricus,Roegneria kamoji,Humulus japonicus and Periploca sepium Bunge absorbed less lead and cadmium,and they had relatively weak enrichment capacity. The cadmium- enriching coefficients of Lithospermum erythrorhizon,Ixeridium sonchifolium( Maxim.) Shih,Taraxacum mongolicum,Chelidonium majus,Polygonum hydropiper,Erigeron annuus,Isatis tinctoria and Descurainia sophia were all higher than 1. The cadmium content in the shoots of Rumex acetosa and Datura stramonium was all the highest,reaching 35.63 and 26.17 mg / kg,respectively. These 2 plants also carried the most lead and cadmium,their lead-carrying volume was 20.27 and 37.40 mg respectively,and cadmium-carrying volume was 2. 12 and 7. 16 mg respectively. So,Pennisetum purpureum,Gaura parviflora,Leonurus sibiricus,Roegneria kamoji,Humulus japonicus and Periploca sepium can be used as alternative materials for phytostabilization technology,and they have huge potentials in the phytoremediation of polluted soil. Because Rumex acetosa and Datura stramonium have strong tolerance and transport capacity to lead and cadmium,these 2 plants possess a certain applied value in the remediation of complicatedly-polluted soil.
Analytical Solution of the Parabolic Equation for Guided Mode Disappearance at a Critical Depth

The fundamental problem of guided mode disappearance at a critical depth during upslope propagation in a shallow water waveguide with variable depth overlying a fluid halfspace is reconsidered. Jensen and Kuperman’s numerical solutions based on a parabolic equation (PE) have stimulated a number of analytical and numerical studies based on models in which PE approximations were not invoked. One such analytical study carried out by the present author developed a characteristic transition solution for the region near a critical depth and matched it asymptotically to the adiabatic mode solution that applies in regions somewhat removed from critical depths. Although numerical agreement between the latter augmented adiabatic mode solution and the PE calculations are very good, the reasons for such good agreement require further clarification. The present paper extends a recently derived analytical result that the adiabatic mode theory and a suitably refined PE model (in which the characteristic wavenumber k 0 varies with range) must give the same results to leading order at ranges without critical depths. If this refined PE model is taken instead of the Helmholtz equation as a starting point for the development of the augmented adiabatic mode theory for guided modes near critical depth, virtually the same analytical results emerge as previously. Thus the augmented adiabatic mode model is, in reality, a type of parabolic equation model, so its agreement with numerical solutions of a PE equation becomes better understood.
Wavelet Image Compression

Publisher Summary This chapter provides the simple high-level insights, based on the intuitive concept of time frequency representations, into why wavelets are good for image coding. As a way of highlighting the benefits of having a sparse representation, such as that provided by the wavelet decomposition, consider the lowest frequency band in the top level of the three-level wavelet hierarchy. This band is just a down sampled and smoothed version of the original image. A very simple way of achieving compression is to simply retain this lowpass version and throw away the rest of the wavelet data, instantly achieving a compression ratio of 64:1. Another attractive aspect of the coarse-to-fine nature of the wavelet representation naturally facilitates a transmission scheme that progressively refines the received image quality. That is, it would be highly beneficial to have an encoded bitstream that can be chopped off at any desired point to provide a commensurate reconstruction image quality. This is known as a progressive transmission feature or as an embedded bitstream. This is ideally suited, for example, to Internet image applications. These are some of the high-level reasons why wavelets represent a superior alternative to traditional Fourier-based methods for compressing natural images: that is why the Joint Photographic Experts Group 2000 standard uses wavelets instead of the Fourier-based discrete cosine transform.
Size Dependence of Metal Cluster Reactivity as a Probe of Chemical Reactions

Publisher Summary The determination of the mechanisms underlying chemical reactions leading to the formation of different types of materials is one of the principal occupations of many chemists today. To accomplish this, the dependence of the observed transformation is generally studied as a function of a number of intensive variables such as temperature, pressure, concentration of reactants, and hydrogen ion concentration of the solution. This chapter presents a summarization of recent studies in which the observed changes of the chemical reactivity of gaseous niobium clusters with size was used as a new degree of freedom that assists in deducing the mechanism of the chemical reactions studied. The observed changes in the reactivity of niobium metal clusters of increasing sizes with different reagents may be used as a new degree freedom. This provides a better understanding of the mechanisms and the types of collisions leading to the various chemical reactions and reaches to several conclusions. (1) As the size of the metal clusters increases, the type of collision leading to chemical reaction changes from impulsive to an attractive type, the latter leading to the formation of complexes as intermediates. (2) For reactions producing more than one product, the observed changes or lack of changes in the amount of one product as the second begins to be produced as a function of cluster size helps to identify the mechanism of the reaction involved. (3) If clusters are used as efficient catalysts for dehydrogenation reactions, the reagents are required to have at least one double bond; this suggests a π-complex formation as intermediate. (4) Dehydrogenation reaction on metal clusters is found to have a size threshold. (5) Small clusters are more efficient in abstraction reactions of groups of atoms that are sterically hindered.
A laboratory examination of organic matter degradation in a B horizon soil from post-mining reconstructed prime farmland soil

ABSTRACT A laboratory study was conducted to assess the effect of reclamation treatment on the aerobic degradation rate of organic matter composed of horse feces, urine, and straw bedding. It was hypothesized that different physical treatments of soil removed during the mining process would alter the rate of organic matter decomposition. The soils were from the B horizon of reclaimed prime farmland. The B horizon was reconstructed using one of two treatments: soil direct hauled from the mining site to the reconstruction site; soil hauled from a 6-month-old stockpile. The soil that was immediately replaced exhibited organic matter degradation rates similar to a control whereas the stockpiled soil organic matter degradation rates were depressed. This implies that stockpiling adversely affects the microbial population. Prescription liming, typically done during reclamation, did have the desired effect on pH and did not interfere with organic matter degradation.
The nonlinear behavior of threaded piping connections: Application using a modified Ramberg-Osgood model

Abstract Damage to nonstructural components such as piping systems and mechanical and electrical equipment can result in major economic loss, injuries, and loss of life in critical facilities like offshore structures, nuclear power plants, and hospitals. Failures in piping systems especially due to water leakage can lead to shut-down of a facility, and connections in the pipelines are particularly important since failures often occur at these locations. This paper presents a technique for modeling threaded connections as rotational springs, either linear or nonlinear. Laboratory tests were conducted on 1 and 2-in. diameter specimens of black iron Schedule 40 pipe in a cantilever configuration where the support is a threaded piping flange. The specimens were loaded monotonically into the inelastic region. The piping system was modeled as a straight pipe using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory with a support modeled as the proposed rotational spring. The correlation between test results and analytical predictions was quite good. A modified Ramberg-Osgood equation (1943) was used to model the nonlinear moment-rotational behavior of the support spring, and the criterion specified by ASME Boiler & Pressure Vessel Code (ASME, 2007) was used to determine the rotational limit for the threaded piping connection.
Reduction of cochannel interference on the forward link CDMA systems

The cochannel interference for a code division multiple access (CDMA) wireless communication network is considered and analyzed. A new CDMA cellular network architecture has been proposed. An analytic expression for the proposed method is derived. Simulation results show that the proposed method provides better signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio than the existing cochannel interference reduction methods. In the proposed microzoning architecture, a significant reduction of cochannel interference is achieved compared to sectoring and omni-directional architectures.
Lipopolysaccharide Detection across the Kingdoms of Life

Studies in recent years have uncovered a diverse set of eukaryotic receptors that recognize lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the major outer-membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria. Indeed, Toll-like receptors, G-protein-coupled receptors, integrins, receptor-like kinases, and caspases have emerged as important LPS-interacting proteins. In this review, the mammalian receptors that detect LPS are described. I highlight how no host protein is involved in all LPS responses, but a single lipid (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate) regulates many LPS responses, including endocytosis, phagocytosis, inflammation, and pyroptosis. I further describe LPS response systems that operate specifically in plants, and discuss potentially new LPS response systems that await discovery. This diversity of receptors for a single microbial product underscores the importance of host–microbe interactions in multiple kingdoms of life.
Soil-Water Dynamics, Evapotranspiration, and Crop Coefficients of Cover-Crop Mixtures in Seed Maize Cover-Crop Rotation Fields. II: Grass-Reference and Alfalfa-Reference Single (Normal) and Basal Crop Coefficients

AbstractCover crops have been gaining attraction in agriculture as rotational crops because of their potential benefits in various soil characteristics and soil-water functions. The knowledge about...
First Account of the Splendid Tamarisk Weevil, Coniatus splendidulus (Fabricius), in the Trans-Pecos Region of Texas

Abstract. Tamarix (L.) was introduced to North America in the 1800s and has become an ecological dilemma because of its rapid spread. Control of the species has become top priority for many ranchers and land owners across the United States. Sul Ross State University at Alpine, TX has been part of a biological control project using Diorhabda (Brulle') as a method to reduce the biomass of existing saltcedar. While gathering observational data for the project at Big Bend Ranch State Park, another biological control agent, Coniatus splendidulus (Fabricius), was discovered. The species has been documented in other parts of the United States and Mexico where Tamarix sp. has spread.
Multi-institutional Evaluation of Elective Nodal Irradiation and/or Androgen Deprivation Therapy with Postprostatectomy Salvage Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background Outcomes with postprostatectomy salvage radiation therapy (SRT) are not ideal. Little evidence exists regarding potential benefits of adding whole pelvic radiation therapy (WPRT) alone or in combination with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Objective To explore whether WPRT and/or ADT added to prostate bed radiation therapy (PBRT) improves freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) or distant metastases (DM). Design, setting, and participants A database was compiled from 10 academic institutions of patients with postprostatectomy prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >0.01 ng/ml; pT1-4, Nx/0, cM0; and Gleason score (GS) ≥7 treated between 1987 and 2013. Median follow-up was 51 mo. Interventions WPRT and/or ADT in addition to PBRT. Outcome measurements and statistical analyses FFBF and DM were calculated using cumulative incidence estimation. Multivariable analysis (MVA) utilized cumulative incidence regression. Results and limitation Median pre-SRT PSA was 0.5 ng/ml for 1861 patients. Median follow-up for patients not experiencing biochemical failure (BF) was 55 mo. MVA showed increased BF for PBRT versus WPRT (hazard ratio [HR] 1.82, p p p p =0.012). No significant differences in DM cumulative incidence were found. Conclusions For patients with GS ≥7 receiving SRT, clinicians should weigh FFBF benefits of WPRT and ADT against toxicities. Future studies should explore the impact of WPRT on quality of life, clinical progression, and overall survival. Patient summary We evaluated patients with prostate cancer treated with radiation after surgery to remove the prostate. Both radiation to the pelvic lymph nodes and suppression of testosterone lowered the chance of increasing prostate-specific antigen (a marker for cancer returning).
Postsplenectomy Reactive Thrombocytosis: Authors' Response

(2009). Postsplenectomy Reactive Thrombocytosis: Authors' Response. Baylor University Medical Center Proceedings: Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 294-294.
Environment-Adaptable Fast Multi-Resolution (EAF-MR) optimization in large-scale RF-FPGA systems

Software-defined radio (SDR) can have high communication quality with a reconfigurable RF front-end. One of the main challenges of a reconfigurable RF front-end is finding an optimal configuration among all possible configurations. In order to efficiently find an optimal configuration, Environment-Adaptable Fast (EAF) optimization utilizes calculated signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) and narrows down the searching space (Jun et al., Environment-adaptable efficient optimization for programming of reconfigurable Radio Frequency (RF) receivers, 2014). However, we found several limitations for applying the EAF optimization to a realistic large-scale Radio Frequency-Field Programmable Gate Array (RF-FPGA) system. In this paper, we first investigated two estimation issues of RF impairments: a saturation bias of nonlinearity estimates and limited resources for RF impairment estimation. Using the estimated results, the SINR formula was calculated and used for the Environment-Adaptable Fast Multi-Resolution (EAF-MR) optimization, which was designed by applying the EAF optimization to multi-resolution optimization. Finally, our simulation set-up demonstrated the efficiency improvement of the EAF-MR optimization for a large-scale RF-FPGA.
Association of Cardiac Structure and Function With Neurocognition in Hispanics/Latinos: The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos

Abstract Objective To study the associations of comprehensive measures of cardiac structure and function with multidimensional neurocognitive measures. Patients and Methods The Echocardiographic Study of Latinos is a population-based cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults older than 45 years enrolled from October 1, 2011, through June 30, 2014. Neurocognitive measures included Word Fluency (WF), Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test (B-SEVLT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test. The B-SEVLT included B-SEVLT-recall and B-SEVLT-sum. Echocardiographic measures included cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function, and myocardial strain. Multivariable regression models were fit using survey statistics and sampling probabilities. Results A total of 1794 participants (mean age, 56±0.5 years; 56% women) were included in the analysis. In the adjusted model, higher left ventricular mass index was associated with lower B-SEVLT-sum and Digit Symbol Substitution Test scores. Left ventricular systolic dysfunction was associated with lower WF scores. Abnormal left ventricular geometry was associated with lower B-SEVLT-sum scores. Higher relative wall thickness was associated with B-SEVLT-recall and B-SEVLT-sum scores. Mitral annular relaxation velocities were associated with lower B-SEVLT-recall, B-SEVLT-sum, and WF scores. Higher mitral inflow to annular early diastolic velocity ratio was associated with lower B-SEVLT-recall and B-SEVLT-sum scores. Diastolic dysfunction was associated with lower B-SEVLT-sum scores. Finally, lower global longitudinal strain was associated with lower WF scores. Conclusion Alterations in cardiac structure, systolic and diastolic function, and myocardial strain were associated with worse neurocognitive function. Further study is needed to determine the mechanisms (ie, impairment of cerebral flow and silent brain infarctions) mediating these heart-brain associations.
Poster: Protecting Remote Controlling Apps of Smart-Home-Oriented IOT Devices

Smart home systems rely on cloud servers and multiple IOT (Internet Of Things) devices such as smart thermometers, video monitors, and smart appliances to realize convenient remote home control and monitoring. As smart home systems get more and more popular recently, the security protection of smart home systems has become an important problem. Among the components of a smart home system, the remote controlling mobile app is often the most vulnerable part as it is directly exposed to the public network. In this paper, we propose a novel tool, HomeGuard, to detect potential vulnerabilities in remote controlling apps of smart home system. Specifically, HomeGuard first identifies information flows related to sensitive control and data messages, and then checks where such information flows to and whether they are properly encrypted.
Analysis of expressed immunoglobulin heavy chain genes in familial B-CLL

In this study, we wished to determine whether familial chronic lymphocytic leukemia of B-cell phenotype (CLL) shares with sporadic B-CLL the same immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain variable region (VH) gene usage and occurrence of somatic mutation, to gain insight into the pathogenetic relatedness of these epidemiologically distinct forms of CLL. We therefore analyzed the expressed Ig heavy chain genes in 23 cases (11 families) of familial CLL, and compared these results with data previously reported for sporadic CLL. In addition, we assessed the relationship of the occurrence of somatic mutation to several clinical and phenotypic features. The distribution of V genes among these cases was similar to that observed in sporadic CLL: VH3 > VH1 > VH4. Thirteen of the 23 cases (57%) showed germ line VH gene sequences, whereas somatic mutations were detected in 10 cases (43%). The average mutation frequency of these latter 10 cases of was 6.7% (ranging from 1.7% to 8.8%), and evidence of antigen selection was noted in 6. Intraclonal variation, followed by clonal evolution and the appearance of a second clone over a 20-year period was observed in 1 case, suggesting that mutations can continue to accumulate after neoplastic transformation. The presence of somatic mutations correlated with age at presentation, low white blood cell (WBC) count, and low fluorescence intensity of surface CD5, and the potential significance of these relationships is discussed. Our data indicate that familial and sporadic B-CLL display a similar pattern of immunoglobulin gene usage and frequency of somatic mutation, and are consistent with a common ontogeny and immunogenetic origin for these 2 epidemiologically distinct forms of CLL.
Physiological and Behavioral Aspects of Stress in Adolescence

Adolescence is considered an inherently stressful period of development. The Stressors that adolescents experience are thought to arise from both social-environmental and physiological sources. The interaction between these sources of stress and adolescent development is the focus of this chapter. Two issues will be addressed. The first is concerned with puberty related-hormone and physical growth changes that may precipitate or be affected by heightened stress reactivity of adolescents, in general. The second is concerned with individual differences in physiological and behavioral reactivity to specific environmental Stressors. The theoretical rationale for the importance of these issues in the psychological development of adolescents also is discussed.
Biopsychiatry in Alzheimer's Disease

In 1906, a neuropsychiatrist by the name of Alois Alzheimer presented a paper to the Association of Southwest German Specialists in Mental Diseases on what would become a classic case. His paper, published the following year, described a disorder that would later be called Alzheimer’s disease. The following is an excerpt from the case description obtained during the patient’s psychiatric hospitalization (Alzheimer, 1907): A woman 51 years of age exhibited ideas of jealousy against her husband as the first notable symptom. Soon a rapidly progressing loss of memory became apparent; she could no longer find her way around the home, dragged objects back and forth, hid them; at times she believed someone wanted to kill her and began to shout loudly. (p. 146)
Poetry and Pedagogy in St. Teresa of Avila (1515–1582): Affirming Life Lessons for Women

An examination of Teresa of Avila’s autobiography Life (Vida), in conjunction with relevant poetry of hers, as texts which focus on expression of the female essence from an initial apparently negative perspective, reveals that repeated devices, images and rhetorical strategies result in a powerful, positive presentation of self. What appears as denial and negation of the feminine ultimately becomes an affirmation of power and authority. While seeming traditional at the outset, Teresa’s autobiographical format, in its non-linear and more diachronic form, along with her poetry, represent the assertive feminist life-writing that is prevalent today among women telling their stories. It assumes emphasis on the female spirit in a non-apologetic way and adjusts language accordingly, to reflect mystic ecstasy as “jouissance” (“pleasure”) and the power of words to construct a reality that is open, inviting and strong. Much of Teresa’s poetry does exactly the same and achieves a similar pedagogical end, not only providing lessons in mystic rapture but also in the form and manner of female/feminist story-telling that transcends boundaries of gender, genre, and time period.
TLR7 responsiveness of human transitional B cells

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease that is known to be associated with B cell hyperactivity and production of autoantibodies (Auto-Abs) against nucleoproteins. Auto-Abs reactive to RNA-containing antigens are found in a fraction of SLE patients, particularly those with severe disease activity. Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7), an intracellular TLR that recognizes ssRNA, has been highly implicated in the generation of pathogenic anti-RNA autoantibodies in SLE; however, the cellular origin of anti-RNA Ab–secreting cells is not well defined. We have found that increased expression of TLR7 in TLR7Tg mice results in activation of their newly-formed (NF) transitional B cells which upon stimulation produced class-switched IgGs, including anti-RNA auto-Abs. Subsequent analysis of the B cell compartment in SLE patients revealed a correlation between the levels of TLR7 expression and increases in the frequencies of circulating CD20 + CD27 − CD10 + CD38 high CD24 high NF B cells. SLE patients with dysregulation of NF B cells were also more likely to have Sm/RNP auto-Abs. IFNa treatment induced more than a 10-fold increase in the mRNA expression of TLR7 , UNC93B and IRF7 in NF B cells isolated from umbilical cord blood. Furthermore, IFNa-primed NF B cells became highly responsive to in vitro stimulation with TLR7 ligand-R848 and differentiated into CD27 + CD38 hi CD24 lo plasmablasts in the absence of any other stimuli. Human NF B cells are enriched in polyreactive specificities and increases of NF B cells have been described in SLE patients. Our studies suggest that human NF B cells might be an important source of auto-Ab-secreting cells and provide a new link between innate IFNa and TLR7 signaling and B cell activation in SLE.
How we have fallen: implicit trajectories in collective temporal thought.

ABSTRACTMemory may play a critical role in the ability to imagine events in the future. While most work on this relation has concerned episodic memory and simulated episodic events in the future, t...
Perfectionism in Intensive Residential Treatment of Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Perfectionism is frequently noted in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and some data suggest that treatment outcomes with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) are poorer for OCD patients with higher levels of perfectionism. However, this literature includes inconsistent findings and has thus far been limited to outpatient samples. Existing studies have also not utilized measures of perfectionism in-line with the multidimensional nature of this construct, which includes both adaptive and maladaptive forms of perfectionism. This study administered measures of multidimensional perfectionism and OCD severity at admission and discharge in a large sample (N = 154) of adult OCD patients undergoing intensive residential treatment (IRT). Results indicated that more perfectionistic patients had slightly longer treatment duration. Adjusting for treatment duration and baseline severity, pre-treatment perfectionism did not significantly predict OCD outcomes. However, all domains of perfectionism significantly improved following treatment, and changes in perfectionism significantly predicted OCD outcomes. In particular, greater reduction in maladaptive perfectionism uniquely predicted better OCD symptom outcomes. These results suggest that high initial levels of perfectionism may not prevent OCD patients from benefitting from IRT, and that reduction in perfectionism significantly accounts for OCD treatment gains. Limitations and avenues for future research are discussed.
Increases in PYY and uncoupling of bone turnover are associated with loss of bone mass after gastric bypass surgery

Abstract Context The gut hormones peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin mediate in part the metabolic benefits of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery. However, preclinical data suggest these hormones also affect the skeleton and could contribute to postoperative bone loss. Objective We investigated whether changes in fasting serum total PYY and ghrelin were associated with bone turnover marker levels and loss of bone mineral density (BMD) after RYGB. Design, setting, participants Prospective cohort of adults undergoing RYGB (n = 44) at San Francisco academic hospitals. Main outcome measures We analyzed 6-month changes in PYY, ghrelin, bone turnover markers, and BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT). We calculated the uncoupling index (UI), reflecting the relative balance of bone resorption and formation. Results Postoperatively, there was a trend for an increase in PYY (+25 pg/mL, p = 0.07) and a significant increase in ghrelin (+192 pg/mL, p Conclusions Postoperative PYY increases were associated with attenuated increases in P1NP and greater declines in spine BMD by QCT. Uncoupling of bone turnover correlated with BMD loss. These findings suggest a role for PYY in loss of bone mass after RYGB and highlight the relationship between intestinal and skeletal metabolism.
Dialogical narrative approach to enhance critical thinking and student engagement during lecturebased classes

Introduction: The dialogical narrative (DN) approach is an interactive teaching method designed and applied to the teaching of physiology to medical students. It uses an interactive conversational style within a narrative design. This study sought to answer the question “How do medical students perceive the effectiveness of the DN approach in promoting participation, engaged learning and critical thinking?” Methods: Physiological subject matter was presented to a class of second-year medical students in a manner that combined storytelling and a question–answer conversational style. Soon after, two focus group sessions, each with seven participants, were conducted to determine the students’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the approach. Recordings from focus group sessions were transcribed and subjected to qualitative thematic analysis, informed by narrative inquiry and dialogism. Results: Analysis revealed that students felt the DN approach: encouraged critical thinking, was more engaging and conducive to active participation than traditional didactic lectures and provided a narrative flow and logical progression of material. The approach challenged students who were not used to public speaking and encouraged students to be well prepared. The teacher needed to upskill in managing the approach and asking the right questions. Conclusions: The students were divided between those who feel comfortable with active, open dialogue in the class and those who do not, but most believed the interactions fostered skills that are important. Most students preferred the DN approach over traditional lectures. The great strength of the DN approach is the manner in which it integrates practical teaching measures within a sound theoretical framework.
Adaptive Smith Predictor for Teleoperation of UAVs with Time-varying Internet Delay

Time delay in a networked control system can negatively impact the performance of the system. Dynamic networks with unknown and varying latency such as the Internet are studied. Also, experiments with teleoperation of drones and communication loops through the Internet are conducted. Smith Predictors are well known for their ability to handle time delay. Smith Predictor controllers perform well when modeled accurately and when the delay is known. The proposed method combines a delay estimation technique based on characteristic roots of delay differential equations to measure the delay with an Adaptive Smith Predictor. When the delay parameter is adjusted correctly, the negative effects caused by delay are significantly reduced. The proposed method performs satisfactory for networked systems with unknown delay and the results are validated through simulations and experimentation.
Age and time-of-day differences in the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular, and adrenal, response to total overnight sleep deprivation

STUDY OBJECTIVES In young men, sleep restriction decreases testosterone (Te) and increases afternoon cortisol (F), leading to anabolic-catabolic imbalance, insulin resistance, and other andrological health consequences. Age-related differences in the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular/adrenal response to sleep restriction could expose older individuals to greater or lesser risk. We aimed to evaluate and compare the 24-h and time-of-day effect of sleep restriction on F, luteinizing hormone (LH), and Te in young and older men. METHODS Thirty-five healthy men, aged 18-30 (n = 17) and 60-80 (n =18) years, underwent overnight sleep deprivation (complete nighttime wakefulness) or nighttime sleep (10 pm to 6 am) with concurrent 10-min blood sampling in a prospectively randomized crossover study. F, LH, and Te secretion were calculated by deconvolution analysis. RESULTS Sleep deprivation had multiple effects on 24-h Te secretion with significant reductions in mean concentrations, basal, total and pulsatile secretion, and pulse frequency (each p < 0.05), in the absence of detectable changes in LH. These effects were most apparent in older men and differed according to age for some parameters: pulsatile Te secretion (p = 0.03) and Te pulse frequency (p = 0.02). Time-of-day analyses revealed that sleep restriction significantly reduced Te in the morning and afternoon, reduced LH in the morning in both age groups, and increased F in the afternoon in older men. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a time-of-day dependent uncoupling of the regulatory control of the testicular axis and of F secretion. Future studies will need to directly verify these regulatory possibilities specifically and separately in young and older men. CLINICAL TRIAL Not applicable.
Controlled decompression of large ovarian cystic tumors via mini-laparotomy using Dermabond Advanced™

Abstract Large cystic ovarian tumors usually require surgical removal because of symptoms and the possibility of malignancy. The ideal surgical approach would minimize the risk of spillage of tumor contents while minimizing surgical morbidity. The present study aims to demonstrate a novel technique to drain large cystic ovarian tumors without spillage. A mini-laparotomy is performed and the tumor surface is exposed. Dermabond Advanced™ ( USA Medical and Surgical Supplies 2019a ) is applied to the tumor and a surgical glove ( USA Medical and Surgical Supplies 2019b ) is applied to the glue area. A small incision is made in the center of the portion of the glove that is adherent to the tumor. The cyst fluid is allowed to drain into the glove where it is suctioned away, collapsing the tumor. Once the tumor is sufficiently decompressed, it is exteriorized and resected with the glove still attached. The technique was initially developed in a pig model and subsequently successfully performed by mini-laparotomy on two patients with >20 cm ovarian masses. This novel technique uses inexpensive and readily available materials for draining large cystic ovarian tumors without spillage so that they can be removed via mini-laparotomy.
Efficacy of erythromycin on the functional gastrointestinal dysmotility in neonates

Objective To assess the efficacy of oral erythromycin on the functional gastrointestinal dysmotility in neonates.Methods In this double-blind,randomized,placebo controlled trial,90 neonates consecutively admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Shenzhen Children's Hospital from Jan 2009 to Dec 2011 were enrolled and randomly divided into low-dosage erythromycin group ( LE group,n =30 ),highdosage erythromycin group ( HE group,n =30 ) and control group ( n =30).Patients received either erythromycin ( 3 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg) or equivalent normal saline with oral or nasal feeding every 8 hours one time for 14 d.The time to achieve half,three-quarters,and full enteral nutrition,the time of parenteral nutrition,and hospital length of stay were compared among each group.Results The time to achieve half,three-quarters,and full enteral nutrition in HE group [ ( 3.0 ± 0.5 ) d,( 6.2 ± 0.7 ) d,( 8.2 ± 1.0 ) d ] and in LE group [(6.2±0.5) d,(8.3 ±0.6) d,(10.6 ±1.1) d] were shorter than that in control group [(8.1 ±0.4) d,( 13.5 ± 1.0) d,( 15.7 ± 1.2) d] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The duration of parenteral nutrition [ ( 14.2 ± 1.4) d vs (9.3 ± 1.2) d vs (7.8 ± 1.1 ) d ] and hospital length of stay [ ( 13.0 ± 1.4 ) d vs ( 8.1 ± 0.8 ) d vs ( 6.8 ±0.7) d] were significantly prolonged in control group compared with LE and HE groups,and there were significant differences among the three groups ( P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of liver injury and septicemia during the treatment of erythromycin were similar between HE group and LE group,but it was significantly lower than control group.No serious adverse effect such as prolongation of QT intervals,dysrhythmia associated with erythromycin treatment was found.Conclusion Oral erythromycin can be considered as a treatment for neonates with functional gastrointestinal dysmotility who fail to establish adequate enteral nutrition,and highdosage oral erythromycin is more effective than low-dosage. Key words: Functional gastrointestinal dysmotility; Erythromycin; Infant, newborn
Mitigating turnover with code review recommendation: balancing expertise, workload, and knowledge distribution

Developer turnover is inevitable on software projects and leads to knowledge loss, a reduction in productivity, and an increase in defects. Mitigation strategies to deal with turnover tend to disrupt and increase workloads for developers. In this work, we suggest that through code review recommendation we can distribute knowledge and mitigate turnover with minimal impact on the development process. We evaluate review recommenders in the context of ensuring expertise during review, Expertise, reducing the review workload of the core team, CoreWorkload, and reducing the Files at Risk to turnover, FaR. We find that prior work that assigns reviewers based on file ownership concentrates knowledge on a small group of core developers increasing risk of knowledge loss from turnover by up to 65%. We propose learning and retention aware review recommenders that when combined are effective at reducing the risk of turnover by −29% but they unacceptably reduce the overall expertise during reviews by −26%. We develop the Sofia recommender that suggests experts when none of the files under review are hoarded by developers, but distributes knowledge when files are at risk. In this way, we are able to simultaneously increase expertise during review with a $\Delta$ Expertise of 6%, with a negligible impact on workload of $\Delta$ CoreWorkload of 0.09%, and reduce the files at risk by $\Delta$ FaR −28%. Sofia is integrated into GitHub pull requests allowing developers to select an appropriate expert or “learner” based on the context of the review. We release the Sofia bot as well as the code and data for replication purposes.