cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transduction of human NOD/SCID-repopulating cells with both lymphoid and myeloid potential by foamy virus vectors

The efficiency of gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells by oncoretroviral vectors is too low for effective gene therapy of most hematologic diseases. Retroviral vectors based on the nonpathogenic foamy viruses (FV) are an alternative gene-transfer system. In this study, human umbilical cord blood CD34+ cells were transduced with FV vectors by a single 10-h exposure to vector stocks and then injected into sublethally irradiated nonobese diabetic-severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice. At 5–7 weeks after transplantation, high transgene expression rates were observed in engrafted human hematopoietic cells, including over 60% of clonogenic progenitors. Significant transgene silencing did not occur. We developed an approach for expanding human cell populations derived from transplanted mice to show that multiple SCID repopulating cells (SRCs) had been transduced, including some that were capable of both lymphoid and myeloid differentiation. These findings demonstrate for the first time that human pluripotent (lympho-myeloid) hematopoietic stem cells repopulate NOD/SCID mice and can be efficiently transduced by FV vectors.
CSCL for community building and digital equity

The Minnesota Educators and Leaders Technology Initiative (MELTI) contributes to community building and digital equity through computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) activities and other project activities. The CSCL activities that include asynchronous, synchronous, and video conferencing are designed to address issues of integration faced by the MELTI participating schools which have high percentage of minority students. The notions of social inclusion and technology literacy play a key role in the CSCL activities design for the purpose of overcoming barriers to digital equity.
Consistency evaluation of batch fermentations based on on-line NADH fluorescence

The profiles of on-line NADH fluorescence as well as the profiles of NADH fluorescence versus dry cell weight (DCW) were used to compare the results of multiple batch fermentations. On the basis of off-line kinetic parameter analyses, the results indicate that on-line NADH fluorescence can be used to evaluate the consistency of the results of duplicate batch fermentations.
LQT2: Amplitude Reduction and Loss of Selectivity in the Tail That Wags the HERG Channel

Without the ion selectivity of voltage-gated ion channels, excitable cells could not generate more than a few millivolts of resting potential, much less produce action potentials. Even when the loss of selectivity occurs in just one type of K+ channel in the heart, the outcome may be catastrophic, suggests a report in this issue of Circulation Research .1 A defect in K+ selectivity caused by a mutation near the “signature sequence” in the pore of HERG channel subunits may contribute as a new mechanism to the prolongation of the action potential and the associated susceptibility to life-threatening torsades de pointes arrhythmias. Since chromosome 7-linked long-QT syndrome (LQT2) was first mapped to HERG ,2 a relative of the Drosophila and mammalian eag genes,3 we have learned much about the pathology of the disease and the underlying physiological mechanisms that have gone awry. In heterologous expression systems, the subunits encoded by the wild-type HERG gene assemble to form channels with the functional properties of I Kr,4 5 an unusual repolarizing current first identified by its sensitivity to the antiarrhythmic agent E-4031.6 Our understanding of how I Kr participates in repolarization has emerged largely from voltage-clamp analyses of the remarkable tail currents dominating the HERG current profile. At the positive voltages typically reached at the peak …
Intuition in Medical Image Segmentation: Visualizing Graph Edge Weights

Weighting functions for graph-based medical image segmentation algorithms (e.g., Graph cut) have a significant effect on the segmentation, but to our knowledge no tool provides the user with intuition towards their proper selection. The large variety, their complexity, and the limited feedback hinders comparison of choices. This paper describes a package developed to visualize the effects of various edge weighting functions and parameters, in which the image of interest is overlaid with colors depicting the relative distances from the nearest seed to each voxel. By seeing the colors vary while changing parameters, the user gains intuition into the various options for the edge weighting function. A user study demonstrating the benefits of the package is presented. It is our hope that the intuition provided by the software will result in less time required to segment medical images in the clinical work-flow.
Window of Opportunity?: Internet Gambling in Canada

This article investigates the current condition and possible future of Internet gambling in Canada. We apply Howlett's (1998) refinement of Kingdon's “policy windows” theory to examine four windows of opportunity through which Internet gambling might be placed on the Canadian policy agenda. We conclude that Internet gambling is unlikely to reach the agenda through a routine means; instead, the issue might be recognized by policy-makers through alternative routes such as connection to another Internet-related issue or to a crisis that would intensify the political or economic problems related to the current murky status of online gambling.
On Teaching XQuery to Digital Humanists

XQuery provides an excellent means for teaching programming to digital humanists because it works seamlessly with their existing XML data, has an elegant and simple core with a well-structured standard library, and can be used in conjunction with XML databases to develop end-to-end web applications. However, current teaching materials for XQuery do not address the needs of digital humanists, presupposing implicit knowledge of programming concepts that they frequently lack. Based on experience teaching XQuery to digital humanists (including alt-ac professionals, archivists, faculty members, graduate students, and librarians) in three distinct settings: a weekly training session for librarians, a graduate seminar on digital humanities, and a two week NEHsupported Institute for Advanced Topics in Digital Humanities, I suggest how the XML community might develop resources to widen the appeal and accessibility of XQuery.
Why Pronoia is not a Disease-—Yet: A Comment on Goldner#X0027;s #X201C;Pronoia”

Fred Goldner's article on pronoia is an example of how the medical model has been used by social scientists to frame social problems. I show the drawbacks and pitfalls of this practice. By comparing pronoia to paranoia, Goldner implies that pronoia is a disease, yet a close comparison of the two shows that pronoia does not yet fit a disease framework. However, the fact that the behaviors which Goldner labels pronoia could easily be medicalized means that it one day may qualify as a disease. I show the risks inherent in this possibility and offer an alternative framework to describing the phenomenon of pronoia.
”Yes we can?”: Subjectivity Annotation and Tagging for the Health Domain

The area of Subjectivity and sentiment analysis (SSA) has been witnessing a flurry of novel research. However, only few attempts have been made to build SSA systems for the health domain. In the current study, we report efforts to partially bridge this gap. We present a new labeled corpus of professional articles collected from major Websites focused on the Obama health reform plan (OHRP). We introduce a new annotation scheme that incorporates subjectivity as well as topics directly related to the OHRP and describe a highlysuccessful SSA system that exploits the annotation. In the process, we introduce a number of novel features and a wide-coverage polarity lexicon for the health domain.
Dissection of the Endocrine Organs—Corpus Allatum, Corpus Cardiacum, and Ecdysial (Prothoracic) Gland—of the Larva of Heliothis zea

The endocrine organs of Heliothis zea (Boddie) are large enough to lend themselves easily to physiological studies. The innervation of the ecdysial glands is not yet clear but might be revealed by stained sections. The connective from the corpus allatum-cardiacum complex appears to unite with the recurrent nerve.
Head Groups of Lipids Govern the Interaction and Orientation between Graphene Oxide and Lipids

Graphene oxide (GO) has demonstrated various promising applications in biomedical field. But information on how GO interacts with cell membrane or model system is still extremely limited. It is also unknown how GO orientates itself when interacting with lipids. In this study, the Langmuir monolayer technique is applied at the air–water/aqueous interface to study the nature and orientation of interaction between GO and lipid models. Five lipids (DODAB, DSEPC, DSPC, DSPA, and SA) with the same 18-carbon alkyl chain but different head groups of charges are purposely chosen to rationalize the possible interactions. Experimental results show that the interaction is governed by electrostatic interaction between the polar head groups and GO. GO can incorporate into the monolayer of positively charged lipids DODAB and DSEPC, but not the neutrally or negatively charged lipids (DSPC, DSPA, and SA). When GO is injected to the subphase underneath the monolayer of positively charged lipid DODAB and DSEPC, different be...
Cloud Retrievals From GOES-R

The next generation of USA geostationary satellites will have an enhanced imager, the Advanced Baseline Imager, that will enable improved detection and retrieval of cloud properties. Use of new channel combinations for retrievals is discussed.
Degradation and stabilization of lithium cobalt oxide in aqueous electrolytes

We report herein the exceptional cycle stability of lithium cobalt oxide (LCO) in aqueous electrolytes of high lithium salt concentrations. We demonstrate retention of up to 87% of the initial discharge capacity after 1500 cycles at a 1C charge–discharge rate. We also demonstrate that LCO, when in contact with each of the aqueous electrolytes tested, exhibits a high electrode potential and a large initial discharge capacity, similar to that of LCO electrochemically cycled in conventional organic electrolytes. More importantly, our systematic studies and post-mortem analyses of LCO cells reveal that the primary mechanism of LCO degradation in aqueous electrolytes is the formation of a resistive layer of cobalt(II) oxide on the particles' surfaces. We show that higher electrolyte molarity and certain salt compositions may significantly reduce the layer thickness and dramatically improve LCO stability. These findings constitute a substantial step towards development of gravimetrically and volumetrically energy dense aqueous lithium ion batteries.
Strategic Power Allocation With Incomplete Information in the Presence of a Jammer

In this paper, distributed competitive interactions between a secondary user (SU) transmitter–receiver pair and a jammer are investigated using a game-theoretic framework under physical interference restrictions, power budget constraints, and incomplete knowledge of channel gains. In this game, the SU transmitter is expected to choose its power strategy with the objective of satisfying a minimum signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) at the corresponding receiver. Similarly, the jammer’s objective is to strategically allocate its power so that the SINR constraint of the SU is not satisfied. Due to a lack of complete information, this strategic power allocation problem between the two players is modeled as a Bayesian game for which the self-enforcing strategies of the SU transmitter–receiver pair and the jammer are analyzed. Furthermore, probability distributions are employed by the corresponding players to model the incomplete nature of the game. The solution of the game corresponds to Nash equilibria points. Equilibrium analysis is carried out by considering the mixed strategy solution space and numerical examples are presented for illustration.
401. AAV Therapy Attenuates Respiratory Dysfunction and Glycogen Accumulation in a Murine Model of Glycogen Storage Disease Type II

Cardiac dysfunction and respiratory muscle weakness are primary features in patients with early onset Pompe disease. To reduce the progressive and rapid accumulation of glycogen resulting in cardiorespiratory dysfunction, adult Gaa-/- mice were administered a single systemic injection of rAAV2/9-DES-hGAA (AAV9) or bi-monthly injections of recombinant human GAA (ERT). Cardiac function and morphology was assessed one and three months after initiation of treatment while whole-body plethysmography and diaphragmatic contractile function was evaluated at three months post-treatment in all groups. Gaa-/- animals receiving either AAV9 or ERT demonstrated a significant improvement in cardiac function and diaphragmatic contractile function as compared to control animals. AAV9 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in cardiac dimension (end diastolic left ventricular mass/gram wet weight; EDMc) at three months post-injection. Neither AAV9 nor ERT therapy altered minute ventilation during quiet breathing (eupnea). However, breathing frequency and expiratory time were significantly improved in AAV9 animals. Glycogen deposition was significantly elevated in Gaa-/- and ERT but not AAV9 when compared to control animals. These results indicate systemic delivery of either strategy improves cardiac function but improvement in respiratory parameters and glycogen reduction are limited to AAV9 therapy at three-months post treatment in a murine model of Pompe disease.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Pathway for Microsurgical Breast Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background:The enhanced recovery after surgery pathway was introduced in 1997 as a multimodal approach to reduce preventable postoperative harm and shorten hospital length of stay. However, there is yet no widely accepted enhanced recovery after surgery protocol for microsurgical breast reconstructi
Models of Law

The more we examine what is behind our most difficult legal questions, the more puzzling it can seem that we continue both to disagree strongly and, yet, to cooperate. If law is a reasoned enterprise, how is it that we are neither torn apart nor homogenized by our long social practice of it? I resolve this puzzle, and arrive at a richer understanding of law, using the idea of modeling familiar from the natural sciences and mathematics. I show (a) that theorists can model legal systems as abstract systems of institutions, information flows, and institutional processing or reasoning and (b) that the participants in a legal system themselves maintain and evaluate models of this sort. Understanding law this way clarifies numerous problems ranging from pluralism to legal interpretation. This work emphasizes four major points of the theory: (1) It identifies law as the conceptual side of cooperation and, thus, the means of coordinating decisionmaking. (2) It derives from human cooperation a picture of legal systems as a network of institutions exchanging information and maintaining their own rules of recognition and decision. (3) It advances the thesis that cooperation and its associated legal system arise when individuals create institution-information models, identify the models used by others, and accept the use of those models. (4) Finally, it provides a standard representation of institutions, their communications, and their reasoning. This analysis reveals that institutional agreement and disagreement occur at discrete levels. Together, these elements yield a theory of legal systems that grounds jurisprudence in the study of the human conceptual system. It sheds new light on the problem of theoretical disagreement, otherwise puzzling problems of pluralism, and the connection between law and morality. [Note: This is a 2.0, and I hope much improved, version of Perceiving Law.]
Substructural Components of Organic Colloids from a Pu-Polluted Soil with Implications for Pu Mobilization.

Contaminated soil organic matter from the Rocky Flats Environmental Technology Site (RFETS) has been previously shown to accumulate plutonium (Pu) in a colloidal subfraction and is hypothesized to contain cutin-like chemical structures cross-linked with hydroxamate functionality. The present study further characterizes this high Pu affinity subfraction using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICRMS) and discovers additional substructural components. The Pu-enriched fraction was extracted and purified through a series of ultrafiltration and isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis steps. Predominantly low H/C and high double-bond equivalence (DBE) aromatic and condensed aromatic molecular formulas were detected, 66% of which are included in a COO Kendrick mass defect (KMD) homologous series. This suggests the existence of polycarboxylated aromatic and condensed aromatic formulas, with CHON-type COO KMD formulas relatively more abundant in the purifi...
Spectral LiDAR analysis for terrain classification

Data from the Optech Titan airborne laser scanner were collected over Monterey, CA, in three wavelengths (532 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm), in May 2016, by the National Center for Airborne LiDAR Mapping (NCALM). Analysis techniques have been developed using spectral technology largely derived from the analysis of spectral imagery. Data are analyzed as individual points, vs techniques that emphasize spatial binning. The primary tool which allows for this exploitation is the N-Dimensional Visualizer contained in the ENVI software package. The results allow for significant improvement in classification accuracy compared to results obtained from techniques derived from standard LiDAR analysis tools
Participants with pharmacologically impaired taste function seek out more intense, higher calorie stimuli.

Abstract Objective Research suggests a weaker sense of taste in people with obesity, with the assumption that a debilitated taste response increases the desire for more intensely tasting stimuli to compensate for decreased taste input. However, empirical testing of this supposition remains largely absent. Method In a randomized, repeated measures design, 51 healthy subjects were treated with varying concentrations of a tea containing Gymnema sylvestre (GS), to temporarily and selectively diminish sweet taste perception, or a control tea. Following treatment in the four testing sessions, taste intensity ratings for various sweet stimuli were captured on the generalized Labeled Magnitude Scale (gLMS), liking for real foods assessed on the hedonic gLMS, and optimal level of sweetness quantified via an ad-libitum mixing task. Data were analyzed with mixed models assessing both treatment condition and each subject's resultant sweet response with various taste-related outcomes, controlling for covariates. Results GS treatment diminished sweet intensity perception (p Discussion Our results show that an attenuation in the perceived taste intensity of sweeteners correlates with shifted preference and altered hedonic response to select sweet foods. This suggests that those with a diminished sense of taste may desire more intense stimuli to attain a satisfactory level of reward, potentially influencing eating habits to compensate for a lower gustatory input.
In-furrow terbufos reduces field and sweet corn (Zea mays) tolerance to nicosulfuron.

Field experiments were conducted in Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin in 1990 to explore interactions between nicosulfuron applied POST and terbufos insecticide at 0.06 or 0.11 g ai/m of row applied in-furrow on 'Pioneer 3751' field corn and 'Jubilee' sweet corn. Nicosulfuron at 0, 70, and 140 g ai/ha plus nonionic surfactant and 28% nitrogen fertilizer was applied to both corn types. Field corn response to nicosulfuron and terbufos was similar at all locations, whereas sweet corn injury varied with location. Nicosulfuron injured field corn more when applied at the four-leaf than the three-leaf stage. Injury to both corn types increased as nicosulfuron rate increased or when applied following terbufos. Nicosulfuron at 140 g/ha without terbufos did not reduce yield of either corn type; however, corn previously treated in-furrow with terbufos reduced yield. Nomenclature: Nicosulfuron, 2-[[[[(4,6-dimethoxy-2-pyrimidinyl)amino]carbonyl]amino]sulfonyl]N,N-dimethyl-3-pyridinecarboxamide; terbufos, S-[[(1,1-dimethylethyl)thio]methyl]O,O-diethyl phosphorodithioate; corn, Zea mays L. Additional index words: Environments, herbicide injury, herbicide-insecticide interaction, insecticide rate, organophosphate insecticide.
Hypotaurine in Male Reproduction

Hypotaurine was first identified as a major amino acid of sperm by Horst and Grooten1. These studies were extended by Kochakian who demonstrated that hypotaurine was present in most rodent productive tissues and that in some tissues levels were androgen responsive2. Within the rodents there was marked species variation in accessory gland hypotaurine content but in reproductive tissues hypotaurine was high in the epididymis and low in the testes. Possible functional roles identified for hypotaurine in sperm include its acting as an antioxidant in preventing sperm lipid peroxidation3, as a capacitating agent4, and as a sperm motility factor5. The first two roles were also equally well served by taurine, whereas in the latter, only hypotaurine was tested. Thus, from these studies a functional role for hypotaurine, distinct from that of taurine, appears unresolved. may result in infertility.
Ecophysiology of Magnetotactic Bacteria

Magnetotactic bacteria are a physiologically diverse group of prokaryotes whose main common features are the biomineralization of magnetosomes and magnetotaxis, the passive alignment and active motility along geomagnetic field lines. Magnetotactic bacteria exist in their highest numbers at or near the oxic–anoxic interfaces (OAI) of chemically stratified aquatic habitats that contain inverse concentration gradients of oxidants and reductants. Few species are in axenic culture and many have yet to be well described. The physiology of those that have been described appears to dictate their local ecology. Known Fe 3 O 4-producing strains are microaerophiles that fix atmospheric nitrogen, a process mediated by the oxygen-sensitive enzyme nitrogenase. Marine Fe3O4-producing strains oxidize reduced sulfur species to support autotrophy through the Calvin–Benson–Bassham or the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle. These organisms must compete for reduced sulfur species with oxygen, which chemically oxidizes these compounds, and yet the organism still requires some oxygen to respire with to catalyze these geochemical reactions. Most Fe3O4-producing strains utilize nitrogen oxides as alternate electron acceptors, the reductions of which are catalyzed by oxygen-sensitive enzymes. Fe3O4-producing magnetotactic bacteria must solve several problems. They must find a location where both oxidant (oxygen) and reductants (e.g., reduced sulfur species) are available to the cell and therefore in close proximity. They must also mediate oxygen-sensitive, ancillary biochemical reactions (e.g., nitrogen fixation) important for survival. Thus, the OAI appears to be a perfect habitat for magnetotactic bacteria to thrive since microaerobic conditions are maintained and oxidant and reductant often overlap.
Mining Twitter Data for Improved Understanding of Disaster Resilience

Coastal communities faced with multiple hazards have shown uneven responses and behaviors. These responses and behaviors could be better understood by analyzing real-time social media data through categorizing them into the three phases of the emergency management: preparedness, response, and recovery. This study analyzes the spatial–temporal patterns of Twitter activities during Hurricane Sandy, which struck the U.S. Northeast on 29 October 2012. The study area includes 126 counties affected by Hurricane Sandy. The objectives are threefold: (1) to derive a set of common indexes from Twitter data so that they can be used for emergency management and resilience analysis; (2) to examine whether there are significant geographical and social disparities in disaster-related Twitter use; and (3) to test whether Twitter data can improve postdisaster damage estimation. Three corresponding hypotheses were tested. Results show that common indexes derived from Twitter data, including ratio, normalized ratio, and sen...
Henricus Martellus and His Works

Henricus Martellus was a German cartographer active in Florence from about 1459–1496. His German descent is clear from his signature on the Yale Martellus map, Opus Henrici Martelli Germani, and also in other of his works. In earlier literature it is stated that “Henricus Martellus” is the Latinized form of “Heinrich Hammer,” but there is no documentary evidence to show that the cartographer ever used the latter name. Recently Lorenz Boninger as part of his studies of the fifteenth-century German community in Florence has argued that Henricus Martellus Germanus is to be identified as Arrigo di Federico Martello, an employee of the Martelli family of Florence, who were loyal to the Medici and were significant patrons of the arts. However, Luisa Rubini Messerli has disproven this identification with an impressive marshaling of paleographical evidence, and we are left without any knowledge of who Martellus was. The chances are good, though, that Martellus came to Florence from Nuremberg, which was the center of the German Renaissance in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and his work as a cartographer shows the influence of Donnus Nicolaus Germanus, who produced manuscripts of Ptolemy’s Geography in three different recensions, some of which included tabulae modernae or new, non-Ptolemaic maps, and who also in 1477 made one terrestrial and one celestial globe for the newly established Vatican Library.
Air pollution, urgent asthma medical visits and the modifying effect of neighborhood asthma prevalence

Social and environmental stressors may modify associations between environmental pollutants and asthma symptoms. We examined if neighborhood asthma prevalence (higher: HAPN vs. lower: LAPN), a surrogate for underlying risk factors for asthma, modified the relationship between pollutants and urgent asthma visits. Through zip code, home addresses were linked to New York City Community Air Survey’s land use regression model for street-level, annual average nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter (PM2.5), elemental carbon (EC), summer average ozone (O3), winter average sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations. Poisson regression models were fit to estimate the association (prevalence ratio, PR) between pollutant exposures and seeking urgent asthma care. All pollutants, except O3 were higher in HAPN than LAPN (P 0.05). Relationships between modeled street-level pollutants and urgent asthma were stronger in LAPN compared to HAPN. Social stressors that may be more prevalent in HAPN than LAPN, could play a greater role in asthma exacerbations in HAPN vs. pollutant exposure alone.
Methodology for forecasting user experience for smart and assisted living in affect aware systems

The application of affect aware systems in a smart home environment has the potential to address challenges in creation of a smart, adaptive, context-aware and assistive living space for elderly people. Affect aware systems that can predict the user experience even before an activity is performed, would provide a scope for effective communications and interactions between users and systems to ensure an adaptive and ambient living environment thereby ensuring more trust on intelligent systems. This paper therefore proposes an approach for forecasting user experiences in the context of affect aware systems to assist elderly people in smart homes. The preliminary result of the proposed analytical approach is supported by a random-forest based predictive model that achieves an overall prediction accuracy of 67% when evaluated on a subset of the UK DALE Dataset. [1]
Transitive hyperovals

We complete the classification of transitive hyperovals with groups of order divisible by $$\textit{four}$$four.
An Overview of Tense Logic

As P. F. Strawson noted in his Introduction to Logical Theory,1standard logic seems ill-adapted to deal with statements containing tensed verbs or explicit temporal references. For example, we say things like ‘There were women among the survivors’ but the existential quantifier 3 x is read ‘There is (timelessly) an x such that’, and the relation of predicate expressions to their subjects is also presumed to be timeless2 Hence, trying to symbolize this statement results in the awkward
Letrozole treatment of adult female mice results in a similar reproductive phenotype but distinct changes in metabolism and the gut microbiome compared to pubertal mice

A majority of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have metabolic dysfunction that results in an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. We previously developed a pubertal mouse model using the aromatase inhibitor, letrozole, which recapitulates many of the reproductive and metabolic features of PCOS. To further our understanding of the effects of androgen excess, we compared the effects of letrozole treatment initiated in puberty versus adulthood on reproductive and metabolic phenotypes as well as on the gut microbiome. Letrozole treatment of both pubertal and adult female mice resulted in reproductive hallmarks of PCOS, including hyperandrogenemia, anovulation and polycystic ovaries. However, unlike pubertal mice, treatment of adult female mice resulted in modest weight gain and abdominal adiposity, minimal elevation in fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, and no detectable insulin resistance. In addition, letrozole treatment of adult mice was associated with a distinct shift in gut microbial diversity compared to letrozole treatment of pubertal mice. Our results indicate that dysregulation of metabolism and the gut microbiome in PCOS may be influenced by the timing of androgen exposure. In addition, the minimal weight gain and lack of insulin resistance in adult female mice after letrozole treatment indicates that this model may be useful for investigating the effects of hyperandrogenemia on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and the periphery without the influence of substantial metabolic dysregulation.
The Thermal Diffusivity of Simulated Nuclear Waste Glass Below the Glass Transition Temperature

The thermal diffusivities of three simulated nuclear waste glasses were studied from room temperature to the glass transition temperature. A non-steady state method similar to Plummer’s was used. The technique involves a planar heat source which causes a temperature rise in a sample. The rise is measured at two positions in the sample and the thermal diffusivity can be calculated from the ratio of these two temperatures. The only quantities to be measured are the temperature as a function of time and the distance separating the thermocouples. Semi-computer automation of the experiment enabled multiple measurements to be made which otherwise would have been impractical. Data were collected by a digital multimeter interfaced to a computer which facilitated numerical analysis.
Group-Selective Ring-Closing Enyne Metathesis: Concentration-Dependent Selectivity Profile of Alkynylsilyloxy-Tethered Dienynes

Highly group-selective ring-closing metathesis of alkynylsilyloxy-tethered dienynes was achieved by using Grubbs first- and second-generation catalyst. The remarkable selectivity increase at higher concentration for differentiating between two alkene moieties in nearly identical steric and stereoelectronic environments is believed to be the result of a higher ring-closure rate for smaller-sized ring formation under rapid pre-equilibration of the two alkylidene species generated from either alkene moiety.
APPENDIX 1C Unix Survival Guide

For a mixture of historical and practical reasons, much of the bioinformatics software discussed in this series runs on Linux, Mac OSX, Solaris, or one of the many other Unix variants. This appendix provides the novice with easy-to-understand information needed to survive in the Unix environment. Keywords: Unix; Linux; Mac OS X; Solaris; operating system; computation
Acute Scaphoid Waist Fracture in the Athlete

Scaphoid fractures are the most common carpal fracture and the most challenging. Although appropriately managing acute scaphoid waist fractures is a priority, it also is of primary importance to make a diagnosis acutely. Scaphoid waist fractures can occur with low-energy trauma and lead to mild symptoms. A tendency to minimize symptoms and low level of initial disability lead to delay in diagnosis. Displaced scaphoid fractures require operative intervention uniformly. Although nondisplaced fractures can heal with nonoperative treatment, management of these injuries is affected by patient demands. In high-level athletes, operative treatment of nondisplaced injuries may lead to earlier return to sport.
Adventures in sustainable urbanism, by Robert Krueger, Tim Freytag and Samuel Mossner (eds.): Albany, NY, State University of New York Press, 2019

This useful compendium is designed for interdisciplinary undergraduate students with interest in sustainable development. The book includes a Preface and Introduction followed by two chapters by th...
Association Between High-Deductible Health Plans and Disparities in Access to Care Among Cancer Survivors.

This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2013-2018 National Health Interview Survey to examine the association between enrollment in a high-deductible health plan and access to care among cancer survivors differentiated by race/ethnicity.
Cystic biliary anomaly in a newborn with features of choledochal cyst and cystic biliary atresia

Abstract Cystic biliary atresia (CBA) and choledochal cysts (CDC) can present similarly with early onset jaundice, conjugated hyperbilirubinemia, and radiographic cystic biliary dilatations. We present the case of an infant antenatally diagnosed with a congenital biliary dilatation found to have non-atretic intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts leading to a CDC without distal flow past the cyst into the duodenum. While prior literature has differentiated CDC and CBA as separate entities, our case suggests that these two pathologies may arise on a spectrum of obstructive cholangiopathies. An operative approach assessing the fluoroscopic patency of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts and exploration of the anatomy can guide the choice of cyst excision versus hepatic portoenterostomy.
COVID-19 Severity Is Associated with Differential Antibody Fc-mediated Innate Immune Functions

ABSTRACT Beyond neutralization, antibodies elicit several innate immune functions including complement deposition (ADCD), phagocytosis (ADCP), and cytotoxicity (ADCC). These functions can be both beneficial (by clearing pathogens) and/or detrimental (by inducing inflammation). We tested the possibility that qualitative differences in SARS-CoV-2 specific antibody-mediated innate immune functions contribute to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity. We found that antibodies from hospitalized COVID-19 patients elicited higher ADCD but lower ADCP compared to antibodies from non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Consistently, higher ADCD was associated with higher systemic inflammation during COVID-19. Our study points to qualitative, differential features of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies as potential contributors to COVID-19 severity.
Paucity of Entorhinal Cortex Pathology of the Alzheimer's Type in SuperAgers with Superior Memory Performance

Advancing age is typically associated with declining memory capacity and increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Markers of AD such as amyloid plaques (AP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) are commonly found in the brains of cognitively average elderly but in more limited distribution than in those at the mild cognitive impairment and dementia stages of AD. Cognitive SuperAgers are individuals over age 80 who show superior memory capacity, at a level consistent with individuals 20-30 years their junior. Using a stereological approach, the current study quantitated the presence of AD markers in the memory-associated entorhinal cortex (ERC) of seven SuperAgers compared with six age-matched cognitively average normal control individuals. Amyloid plaques and NFTs were visualized using Thioflavin-S histofluorescence, 6E10, and PHF-1 immunohistochemistry. Unbiased stereological analysis revealed significantly more NFTs in ERC in cognitively average normal controls compared with SuperAgers (P < 0.05) by a difference of ~3-fold. There were no significant differences in plaque density. To highlight relative magnitude, cases with typical amnestic dementia of AD showed nearly 100 times more entorhinal NFTs than SuperAgers. The results suggest that resistance to age-related neurofibrillary degeneration in the ERC may be one factor contributing to preserved memory in SuperAgers.
Teaching Media Bias: The Case of the Trump Presidency

This paper gives instructors of Introduction to American Politics a template for teaching about media bias, using the case of President Trump and his administration. I present material for a combin...
Activation of multiple molecular mechanisms for mediation of apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and U87MG following exposure to L-sulforaphane

816 Glioblastoma is the most malignant and prevalent brain tumor in humans. Various treatment strategies such as surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or an experimental therapy are being employed, still glioblastoma is not a curable cancer. Therefore, the search continues for an effective therapeutic strategy. Some recent studies suggest growth inhibitory effect of broccoli derived compound L-sulforaphane (L-SFN) on several cancers. In our investigation, we examined the capability of L-SFN for induction of apoptosis in human malignant glioblastoma cell lines T98G and U87MG, and also explored the activation of proteolytic mechanisms for mediation of apoptosis. Trypan blue dye exclusion test showed decreased viability of glioblastoma cells with increasing dose of L-SFN. Examination of Wright stained cells under the light microscopy identified apoptotic morphology following exposure to 20 μM and 40 μM L-SFN for 24 h. ApopTag assay detected DNA fragmentation in apoptotic cells. Fura-2 assay demonstrated an increase in intracellular free Ca2+, suggesting activation of Ca2+-dependent proteolytic pathways in apoptotic process. Western blot analyses indeed detected overexpression of 80 kD calpain, a Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease, and generation of active 76 kD calpain in apoptotic cells. Western blot analyses also suggested that activation of calpain could cleave 55 kD caspase-12 to generate active 40 kD caspase-12, which in turn could promote activation of caspase-3. Changes in expression of Bax and Bcl-2 proteins resulted in an increase in Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, showing a commitment of cells to apoptosis after exposure to L-SFN. As a consequence of increased Bax:Bcl-2 ratio, cytochrome c was released from mitochondria to cytosol to contribute to the activation of caspase-9 that in turn activated caspase-3. In course of apoptosis, increased expression of Smac/Diablo suggested suppression of inhibitor-of-apoptosis proteins (IAPs), which otherwise could prevent activation of caspases. Morevover, decreased expression of p65 NFκB and increased expression of IκBα favored the process of apoptosis. Activation of calpain and caspase-3 cleaved 270 kD α-spectrin at specific sites generating, respectively, 145 kD spectrin breakdown product (SBDP) and 120 kD SBDP. Further, activation of caspase-3 was confirmed in the fragmentation of inhibitor-of-caspase-3-activated-DNase (ICAD). Besides, over accumulation of apoptosis-inducing-factor (AIF) suggested an involvement of caspase-independent pathway of apoptosis as well. Taken together, all these results indicated activation of multiple molecular mechanisms for mediation of apoptosis in glioblastoma cells following exposure to L-SFN. This investigation was supported in part by the R01 grants from the NCI and NINDS of the NIH (Bethesda, MD), and also a grant from the State of SC.
Practical concepts and productive reasoning

Can we think of a task in a distinctively practical way? Can there be practical concepts? In recent years, epistemologists, philosophers of mind, as well as philosophers of psychology have appealed to practical concepts in characterizing the content of know-how or in explaining certain features of skilled action. However, reasons for positing practical concepts are rarely discussed in a systematic fashion. This paper advances a novel argument for the psychological reality of practical concepts that relies on evidence for a distinctively productive kind of reasoning.
Why Catholic Social Thought is not a Theory (and How that Has Preserved Scholarly Debate)

CST is widely disregarded in the academic and public discourse. This essay argues that this is the case for two related reasons. Firstly, CST is based on the pre-Enlightenment approach to moral philosophy, virtue ethics, while the mainstream in business ethics favours the rule-based approaches consequentialism and deontology and their variants. Secondly, mainstream approaches also have adopted a positivist epistemology where theories represent the Truth that must not be questioned: they have become ideologies. This paper argues that CST, mainly through the virtue ethical doctrine of the mean, is saved from having become an ideology and is much closer to the ideal of science as a self-questioning system than the mainstream in business ethics. This essay explains this counter-intuitive conclusion by tracing the history of CST and embedding it in an epistemic discussion and then suggesting what business ethics could take from CST to regain the all-important discursiveness it once had.
Board-level Code-Modulated Embedded Test and Calibration of an X-band Phased-Array Transceiver

We present methods for built-in test and calibration of phased arrays using code-modulated embedded test (CoMET). Our approach employs Cartesian modulation of test signals within each element using existing phase shifters, combining of these signals into an aggregate code-multiplexed response, downconversion and creation of code-modulated element-to-element "interference products" using a built-in power detector, demodulation of correlations from the digitized interference response, and extraction of amplitude and phase per element using an equation solver. Rotated-axis methodology is discussed for accurate extraction of phase near the original 0/90/180/270 degree axes. Our techniques are demonstrated at board level for both receive and transmit modes using an eight-element 8-16 GHz phased array constructed using ADAR1000 chips from ADI. At 6 GHz, CoMET-extracted gain and phase are accurate to within 0.2 dB and 3 degree compared to network-analyzer measurements. We then employ CoMET in a calibration loop to determinate optimum control settings at 6 GHz, outside the 8-16 GHz band for which the array was designed. We achieve seven-bit phase resolution with equalized gain. The root-mean squared gain and phase errors are improved from 0.8 dB and 8 degree before calibration to 0.1 dB and 1.7 degree after calibration.
Discussing Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Dr. Purganan reports that her spouse has served on an advisory board for Dova Pharmaceuticals and Targeted Oncology, has served as a speaker for the Chronic Liver Disease Foundation/Focus Medical C...
Wandel der Erwerbsverläufe

Den Ausgangspunkt fur den empirischen Teil dieser Arbeit bildet der Wandel der Erwerbsverlaufe, der in den folgenden Analysen naher dargestellt wird. Dazu wird zunachst anhand aktueller Daten des SOEP der Wandel der Erwerbsverlaufe vor dem 55. Lebensjahr, also in der Erwerbseinstiegs- und Kernerwerbsphase, analysiert (Kapitel 3.1.1) und die Entwicklung und Verteilung der kumulierten Beschaftigungszeiten beschrieben (Kapitel 3.1.2). Die Analyse individueller Verlaufe wird, insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der steigenden Erwerbsbeteiligung von Frauen, erganzt um die Entwicklung der Verlaufe im Paarkontext (Kapitel 3.1.3).
The chronology and intellectual trajectory of American entrepreneurship education: 1876–1999

Abstract Since the first entrepreneurship class—held in 1947—the academic discipline of entrepreneurship's growth is described using a chronology of three domains—courses, supplemental infrastructures and publications. A 100+-item chronology of entrepreneurship education in the USA from 1876 through 1999 is offered and analyzed. The major findings are (1) in the USA, the field has reached maturity and (2) growth is likely outside business schools and outside the USA. The major problems include a glut of journals, a narrowing focus on top-tier publications, potential American stagnation and a shortage of faculty overall exacerbated by a shortage of PhD programs.
Extended Exposure: Advising Veterans of Criminal Jurisdiction Over In-Service Conduct

The Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000 was primarily crafted to establish Federal criminal jurisdiction over civilians employed by or accompanying the Armed Forces outside of the United States. This includes civilian employees, contractors and subcontractors, and employees of contractors and subcontractors. It also includes their dependents. The Act amended Title 18 of the United States Code, not by adding new sections to the Crimes covered there, but by establishing jurisdiction over felony offenses committed outside United States territorial jurisdiction. In addition to establishing jurisdiction over civilians, the Act also extended Federal criminal jurisdiction to former members of the Armed Forces who are no longer subject to the Uniform Code of Military Justice. On June 4, 2014, former United States Marine Corporal Wilfredo Santiago was convicted of making false statements to investigators about his involvement in an accidental, non-fatal shooting of Navy Hospital Corpsman Michael John Carpeso in Iraq. The shooting occurred more than six years before Santiago was convicted and almost five years before he was indicted. Santiago admitted his involvement in the shooting, and the Naval Criminal Investigative Services fully investigated the incident while Santiago was still on active duty. However, Santiago was not court-martialed before he was separated from the service. Santiago was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps. Asserting jurisdiction under MEJA, the U.S. Attorney’s Office indicted Santiago in the Southern District of New York in January, 2013.The nature of Corporal Santiago’s prosecution, which involved an honorably-discharged service member whose conduct was known and fully investigated while he could be court-martialed, has caused some to seriously question MEJA’s continued use against former service members. Southern District of New York Judge Colleen McMahon said that civilian jurisdiction over former service members outside the reach of court-martial “came as a great surprise” to her. For Veterans’ advocates focused primarily on disability compensation, not criminal prosecution, their clients’ extended exposure under MEJA could be equally as unexpected. The prosecution of former Corporal Santiago, as well as other former members of the Armed Forces, stands as a warning to broaden our awareness beyond substantiating eligibility for benefits and services. Unless the Act is modified, Veterans’ advocates must be aware that recently returned Veterans — even those receiving honorable discharges — may be prosecuted in civilian courts for in-service conduct committed while in uniform overseas.