cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Considering Different Healthcare Settings When Estimating the Burden of Clostridium difficile

Background. Traditional surveillance methods may underestimate the true burden of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) because they fail to capture cases brought to medical attention in outpatient settings or diagnosed during non–face-to-face patient–provider interactions. Methods. We identified CDIs diagnosed among Kaiser Permanente Northwest patients between 1 June 2005 and 30 December 2012. We categorized infections by whether they were diagnosed during an inpatient or outpatient encounter and whether they were diagnosed during a face-to-face (eg, hospitalization, outpatient visit) or non–faceto-face encounter (eg, phone, e-mail). We constructed a baseline surveillance estimate that included CDIs identified during hospitalization, representing burden captured through traditional surveillance approaches. We then constructed 2 additional estimates: 1 that included CDIs identified during outpatient face-to-face encounters and 1 that also included CDIs identified during non–face-to-face encounters. Results. We identified 8024 CDIs. Twenty-four percent occurred during a hospitalization, while the remaining CDIs were recognized in the outpatient setting. Surveillance focused on hospitalized patients would have captured less than one-quarter of total burden. The addition of cases identified during outpatient face-to-face encounters would account for 80% of CDIs. An additional 1702 CDIs would not be captured without inclusion of non–face-to-face encounters; thus, surveillance approaches that do not include telephone or e-mail encounters would miss 21% of CDIs. Conclusions. Surveillance approaches that do not include outpatient or nontraditional encounters miss a substantial proportion of CDIs. Failure to capture these cases leads to underestimation of disease burden and difficulty in measuring interventions to control CDI.
Using the Stochastic Collocation Method for the Uncertainty Quantification of Drug Concentration Due to Depot Shape Variability

Numerical simulations entail modeling assumptions that impact outcomes. Therefore, characterizing, in a probabilistic sense, the relationship between the variability of model selection and the variability of outcomes is important. Under certain assumptions, the stochastic collocation method offers a computationally feasible alternative to traditional Monte Carlo approaches for assessing the impact of model and parameter variability. We propose a framework that combines component shape parameterization with the stochastic collocation method to study the effect of drug depot shape variability on the outcome of drug diffusion simulations in a porcine model. We use realistic geometries segmented from MR images and employ level-set techniques to create two alternative univariate shape parameterizations. We demonstrate that once the underlying stochastic process is characterized, quantification of the introduced variability is quite straightforward and provides an important step in the validation and verification process.
Compact parametric model of capacitive BAW resonators

This paper presents a new equivalent-circuit model of SiBARs, derived in a mathematically rigorous way from the physics equations governing the behavior of the device. The model is parametric, that is, the model component values can be computed directly from the dimensions of the resonator and the properties of the material. The model also accounts fully, accurately and automatically for aspects of the device behavior that arise from the interaction of multiple physics domain: the shift in the resonance frequency with the polarization voltage (“spring softening”), the effect of the polarization voltage and gap size on the insertion loss, and the reduction in the resonator loaded Q as the polarization voltage is increased. In contrast, those effects are not automatically accounted for by other models, such as mass-spring combinations. Finally, the model described is load- and source-independent, and thus it reproduces accurately the behavior of the device itself, regardless of the type and characteristics of the surrounding circuitry.
Modeling TCP performance with proxies

This paper investigates TCP dynamics and performance over proxies that shorten the TCP feedback loop by segmenting the end-to-end connection. Such proxies are often used to improve the TCP performance, e.g. a splitting/spoofing proxy in satellite communication, and more commonly, a web cache. Through analysis, we attempt to develop a basic understanding of the properties of TCP dynamics when such proxies are used, and further obtain design principles of systems involving such proxies. We present simple models capturing some features of the proxy performance in both the lossless and lossy scenarios. Due to the complexity involved, detailed analysis is only available in the lossless scenario, and our discussion in the lossy scenario is largely limited to steady-state behavior. Nevertheless we are able to obtain useful insight. We identify conditions under which using a proxy provides significant or marginal performance gain by investigating factors including initial window size, congestion level of the proxy, and the level of asymmetry between the segments segregated by the proxy. We also discuss how these conditions affect the deployment and provisioning of such systems.
Role of the nutritionist in eating disorders.

This chapter briefly reviews the role of the nutritionist in dealing with patients suffering from eating disorders, as conceived by Spitzer (1980).
Temperature anisotropies in a magnetospheric FTE

We present AMPTE UKS data from a well-studied magnetospheric flux transfer event, showing detailed ion phase-space distributions for each region of this layered event. We show that the perpendicular temperature anisotropy maximizes at the center of the event. This is inconsistent with recent suggestions that FTE signatures may result from the spacecraft moving into and then out of the magnetosheath via the plasma depletion layer. We present an explanation for the temperature anisotropy structure in terms of a reconnection model.
From Uncertainty to Extremism Social Categorization and Identity Processes

Societal change and personal life events sometimes make one feel uncertain about one’s self and identity. According to uncertainty-identity theory, this self-uncertainty can motivate people to identify with social groups, particularly groups that provide a distinctive and clearly defined identity and associated normative beliefs and behavioral prescriptions. This process can make more extreme groups and behaviors attractive as a source of identification-contingent uncertainty reduction. People may zealously identify with highly distinctive groups that have strong and directive leadership and ideological and ethnocentric belief systems that proscribe dissent and prescribe group-normative behavior. This analysis has been extended to help illuminate how extremism may emerge in the context of religion, politics, gangs, leadership, and adolescent risk taking. This article describes uncertainty-identity theory, overviews empirical support for its main tenets, and outlines some directions for future research.
Multiple kernel tracking with SSD

Kernel-based objective functions optimized using the mean shift algorithm have been demonstrated as an effective means of tracking in video sequences. The resulting algorithms combine the robustness and invariance properties afforded by traditional density-based measures of image similarity, while connecting these techniques to continuous optimization algorithms. This paper demonstrates a connection between kernel-based algorithms and more traditional template tracking methods. here is a well known equivalence between the kernel-based objective function and an SSD-like measure on kernel-modulated histograms. It is shown that under suitable conditions, the SSD-like measure can be optimized using Newton-style iterations. This method of optimization is more efficient (requires fewer steps to converge) than mean shift and makes fewer assumptions on the form of the underlying kernel structure. In addition, the methods naturally extend to objective functions optimizing more elaborate parametric motion models based on multiple spatially distributed kernels. We demonstrate multi-kernel methods on a variety of examples ranging from tracking of unstructured objects in image sequences to stereo tracking of structured objects to compute full 3D spatial location.
Wheeler, William Morton

1865–1937 American myrmecologist interested in evolution, ethology, taxonomy, embryology, morphology and philosophy. Keywords: social insects; ants; evolution; ethology; philosophy
Brachiocephalic artery & subclavian vein injury with embolization to the pulmonary vasculature

Penetrating trauma with resultant vascular injury can cause significant morbidity and mortality. In rare instances, embolization of projectiles or other foreign bodies can cause additional morbidity and present a diagnostic challenge to the treating physician. With the advent of endovascular stents, the use of minimally invasive techniques for the management of vascular injuries from penetrating trauma is increasing. We present the case of a brachiocephalic artery to subclavian vein arteriovenous fistula following a BB gunshot to the neck successfully treated with endovascular stent and non-operative management of a projectile embolus to the pulmonary arterial circulation.
Regulation of central vascular blood flow in the turtle

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of vagal nerve stimulation on the pulmonary and systemic circulations in the turtle Pseudemys scripta. The heart rate (HR), systemic vascular resistance (Rsys), pulmonary vascular resistance (Rpul), total pulmonary blood flow (Qpul), and total systemic blood flow (Qsys) were measured during electrical stimulation of the vagal efferent and the vagal afferent nerves. Vagal efferent nerve stimulation resulted in a bradycardia, increased Rsys and Rpul, and a 60% reduction in the Qpul and Qsys. These cardiovascular changes were eliminated after an intravenous injection of atropine. In contrast, vagal afferent nerve stimulation resulted in a tachycardia, a twofold increase in Rsys, a reduction in Rpul, and an 85% increase in Qpul. These changes were eliminated after pretreating the animals with bretylium tosylate (10 mg/kg). An intravenous infusion of epinephrine (0.1 micrograms/kg) produced cardiovascular changes similar to vagal afferent stimulation. The cardiovascular changes resulting from afferent and efferent nerve stimulation were similar to the cardiovascular adjustments often associated with intermittent lung ventilation in reptiles. The results of our study suggest that such cardiovascular changes are under cholinergic and adrenergic control.
Hypochondriasis and obsessive compulsive disorder: overlaps in diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND Hypochondriasis is a disorder for which there are no established effective treatments. Hypochondriacs, in their obsessions about illness, compulsions to check with others, and failure to be reassured, share many features in common with those who have obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). METHOD The authors present a case series of six patients with DSM-III-R hypochondriasis, five of whom also had a history of OCD. Two of the six agreed to be treated with doses of fluoxetine typically used to treat OCD. RESULTS Both patients, one of whom had no past history of OCD, showed a marked improvement in hypochondriacal symptoms. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that a subgroup of patients with hypochondriasis may be particularly responsive to serotonin reuptake blockers.
Employee Tenure: Stable Overall, But Male and Female Trends Differ

This paper updates previous Employee Benefit Research Institute (EBRI) publications that have examined employee tenure data of American workers. The latest data on employee tenure from the January 2004 Supplement to the U.S. Census Bureau's Current Population Survey (CPS) are examined and compared with the trends from previous CPS publications on employee tenure.
The Origin of Parties: Theory, and Evidence from the United States Congress 1789-1797

I present a theory of party formation in which legislators coalesce into voting blocs to coordinate their votes and influence policy outcomes. I test this theory using roll call data from the United States Congress. During the First and Second Congress (1789-1793), there were no organized political parties. By the Fourth Congress (1795-1797), the Federalist and Republican parties shaped Congress. The theory predicts a division of Congress into parties using roll call data from the first two congresses. I compare this prediction with the parties that eventually emerged in the House and in the Senate. I find strong support for the theory in the Senate, and favorable but less significant results in the House.
Abstract 146: Expression of Axl, a Receptor Tyrosine Kinase, Regulates Vein Graft Remodeling

Introduction: We recently found that expression of Axl, a receptor tyrosine kinase, in non-bone marrow derived cells is important for carotid thickening in response to low flood flow. We hypothesize that Axl plays a role in smooth muscle cell functions during vein graft remodeling. Methods and Results: A segment of inferior vena cava was harvested from male Axl wild type (Axl+/+) or knockout (Axl-/-) mice and anastomosed to a carotid artery in female Axl+/+ mice under isoflurane anesthesia. Ultrasound Vevo2100 system was used to evaluate successful engraftment of the veins. Initial assessments of the blood flow through the graft were done at 1week after the surgery. A 3-dimensional high-resolution imaging was performed in mice after 3weeks after surgery. We found similar mean blood flow velocity ~110mm/s in the vein grafts between Axl+/+ >Axl+/+ and Axl-/- >Axl+/+ mice. There were no differences in the length of the graft between the groups in reconstruction of 3D-Mode imaging. However, graft volumes had a tendency (p~0.1) to be lower in Axl-/- >Axl+/+ vs. Axl+/+ >Axl+/+ mice (5.3±0.2 vs. 5.8±0.4mm3). We also observed ~20% reduction of graft wall thickness in Axl-/- >Axl+/+ mice. Finally, pulsatility and resistive indexes of vein grafts were ~10% lower in Axl-/- >Axl+/+ mice. Conclusions: This is the first study to demonstrate contribution of Axl to vein graft remodeling. Although, to confirm ultrasound differences between experimental groups vein graft wall changes are being evaluated by histology.
Ultrafast Diffraction from Rydberg Wave Packets Using High Harmonics

Rydberg wave packets have been the object of intense experimental and theoretical study over the past decade due to their many fascinating semiclassical and quantum characteristics. Long-lived wave packets localized in both the radial and angular dimensions have now been produced in alkali metal atoms.1–4 The methods of quantum control can also be applied to calculate the optimally shaped laser pulse which creates a wave packet having a desired distribution in phase space at a specified “target” time.5 Such wave packets can take the form, for instance, of “Schrodinger cat” states,6 or coherent superpositions of macroscopically distinct electronic states.
North American mammalian diversity and Eocene-Oligocene extinctions

Diversity and faunal turnover of North American land mammals are calibrated against the magnetic polarity time scale for million-year intervals for the latest Eocene through late Oligocene. A major, gradual Late Eocene decline in diversity, caused mostly by an extended period of extinction of archaic forms, seems to be related to the worldwide crisis known as the “Terminal Eocene Event.” Along with other evidence of gradual changes in deep-sea microfossils, this evidence argues against a catastrophic explanation for late Eocene extinctions.Faunal stability characterized the rest of the Oligocene except for a wave of extinctions in the mid-Oligocene (Chadronian-Orellan boundary, about 32.4 ma). This mid-Oligocene event is sudden and severe, occurring in less than 200,000 yr, based on estimates from sedimentation rates calibrated from magnetic polarity interval boundaries. The mid-Oligocene event is found in many paleoclimatic records, but not in all of them. It may be related to the completion of the Circum-Antarctic Current and to increased mid-Oligocene glaciation.
Urban Restructuring Revisited: Organizational and Labor Market Changes during the 1980S:

This research revisits the structural determinants of changing job prospects at the bottom of urban labor markets during the 1980s, measured in terms of employment instability, earnings inequality,...
Yue Hua Soup Combined Western Medicine Treatment of Intractable Tuberculosis Random Parallel Control Study

[Objective]To observe yuet soup combined western medicine treatment of intractable tuberculosis curative effect.[Methods]The 59 cases of clinic patients into two groups according to random number table method. The control group of 27 cases of chemotherapy treatment,compound preparation different f amide,1.35 g/time,1/d. Differentf,0.9 g/time,1/d. Ethambutol,according to the weight of 15 mg/kg,1/d.Treatment group 32 cases yuet soup(Shashen 15g,Maidong,Tiandong,Shengdi,Shudi,Baibu,Chuanbei,Ajiao,Sanqi,Fuling,Shanyao,Yuzhu,Baihe,Baiji each 10g). 1/d,boiling water 200 mL,oral sooner or later. Western medicine treatment with the control group. Continuous treatment of 30 d for 1 course of treatment.Observation of clinical symptoms(fever,cough,sputum,blood,phlegm,haemoptysis,loss of appetite,chest pain,night sweats,weight),adverse reactions. Continuous treatment 3 period of treatment,judge curative effect.[Results]The treatment group(18 cases cured,7 cases were markedly effective,effective in 5 cases,2 had no effect,the total effective rate was 93.75%. Control group 8 cases cured,5 cases were markedly improved,effective 4 cases,10 cases were invalid,the total effective rate was 62.96%. The clinical efficacy of the treatment group is better than that of control group(P0.01). Symptoms and signs in treatment group is better than that of control group(P0.01).[Conclusion]Yue Hua Soup combination chemotherapy drug treatment of intractable tuberculosis effect is remarkable,have clinical application value.
APPLICATION AND DEVELOPMENT TREND OFMEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNIQUE

In this article,development of membrane separation technique was summarized about world and our country.It was given an outline of basic character and technical characteristic of membrane separation technique,membrane material,classification and membrane separation device.It was detail introduced to the membrane separation process's application in chemical engineering petroleum industry,food industry,medicine industry and medical facilities,biotechnology and environmental engineering.It analyzed that development trend of membrane separation technique will develop at membrane material,new membrane process and integrated membrane process.Simultaneously indicated,if membrane merchandise,membrane pollution and increasing of membrane separating property can be resolved,membrane separation technique will have an irreplaceable effect on the phylogeny of human society.
Analysis of Hepatitis E Infection Situation of Past Commercial Blood Donors in Maanshan City

Objective To understand Hepatitis E infection situation of past commercial blood donors in Maanshan city and provide data for controlling and preventing this kind of diseases.Method serum was collected from commercial blood donors and farmers and Antibody IgG of Hepatitis E virus(HEV) was detected by ELISA.Result 126 hepatitis E infections were detected from 492 commercial blood donors,with the positive rate 25.6%.40 hepatitis E infections were detected from 500 farmers,with the positive rate 8%.Conclusion There was a higher prevalence rate of HEV infection among past commercial blood donors in Maanshan City.Measures should be taken to prevent further HEV transmission by commercial blood donors.
Ultrasonographic Diagnosis of Tumors of the Anterior Choroid and Ciliary Body

Malignant melanomas of the ciliary body are often difficult to diagnose clinically, for they arise in a silent area of the eye not routinely examined. These lesions frequently cause cataracts, secondary retinal detachments, or pupillary blocks which make visualization difficult and unsatisfactory. Even ophthalmoscopically visible lesions may present a diagnostic problem.
Preoperative Risk Factors Associated With Poor Outcomes of Revision Surgery for "Pseudotumors" in Patients With Metal-on-Metal Hip Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Revision surgery of failed metal-on-metal (MoM) total hip arthroplasty (THA) for adverse tissue reaction (pseudotumor) can be challenging as a consequence of soft tissue and muscle necrosis. The aims of this study were to (1) report the revision outcomes of patients who underwent revision surgery for failed MoM hip arthroplasty due to symptomatic pseudotumor and (2) identify preoperative risk factors associated with revision outcomes. Methods Between January 2011 and January 2013, a total of 102 consecutive large head MoM hip arthroplasties in 97 patients (male: 62, female: 35), who underwent revision surgery were identified from the database of a multidisciplinary referral center. Results At minimum follow-up of 2 years (range: 26-52 months), at least one complication had occurred in 14 of 102 revisions (14%). Prerevision radiographic loosening ( P = .01), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of solid lesions with abductor deficiency on MRI ( P P = .05) were correlated with post-revision complications. The reoperation rate of revised MoM THA was 7% (7 of 102 hips). Implant survivorship was 88% at 3 years. Metal ion levels declined in most patients after removal of MoM articulation. Conclusion Revision outcomes of revision surgery for failed MoM THA due to symptomatic pseudotumor demonstrated 14% complication rate and 7% re-revision rate at 30-month follow-up. Our study identified prerevision radiographic loosening, solid lesions/abductor deficiency on MRI, and high grade intraoperative tissue damage as risk factors associated with poorer revision outcomes. This provides clinically useful information for preoperative planning and perioperative counseling of MoM THA patients undergoing revision surgery.
Identifying QTL for multiple complex traits in experimental crosses.

The broad goal of mapping Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) associated with complex traits is to shed light on the genetic architecture underlying complex traits. Complex traits are physical expressions of an organism which are controlled by many genes/loci and whose inheritance does not follow simple rules of Mendelian genetics. Over the past few decades there has been considerable development of statistical methodology to map QTL for complex traits. The biggest challenge in this respect is the vast number of unknown genes, their interaction with themselves and with environmental factors. The focus of this chapter is the simultaneous inference of multiple complex traits which has several advantages. First, the chief advantage is in the detection of the phenomenon of pleiotropy, in which action at a single locus leads to variation in a number of traits. For example, one might desire to improve two traits that tend to be negatively correlated. If this negative association is due to pleiotropy, it will be very difficult to improve both traits simultaneously. Second, joint analysis increases the power to detect and the precision of QTL effects. There are several methods for joint analysis, among them, (Jiang and Zeng) and (Banerjee et al.) are the most comprehensive in terms of software. In this chapter we will describe the methods developed in (Banerjee et al. ; Banerjee et al.) and the corresponding freely available software R/qtlbim (Yandell et al.).
Diagnosis of Elder Abuse in U.S. Emergency Departments

Objectives To estimate the proportion of visits to U.S. emergency departments (EDs) in which a diagnosis of elder abuse is reached using two nationally representative datasets. Design Retrospective cross-sectional analysis. Setting U.S. ED visits recorded in the 2012 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS) or the 2011 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS). Participants All ED visits of individuals aged 60 and older. Measurements The primary outcome was elder abuse defined according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis codes. The proportion of visits with elder abuse was estimated using survey weights. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to identify demographic characteristics and common ED diagnoses associated with elder abuse. Results In 2012, NEDS contained information on 6,723,667 ED visits of older adults, representing an estimated 29,056,673 ED visits. Elder abuse was diagnosed in an estimated 3,846 visits, corresponding to a weighted diagnosis period prevalence of elder abuse in U.S. EDs of 0.013% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.012–0.015%). Neglect and physical abuse were the most common types diagnosed, accounting for 32.9% and 32.2% of cases, respectively. Multivariable analysis showed greater weighted odds of elder abuse diagnosis in women (odds ratio (OR) = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.68–2.26) and individuals with contusions (OR = 2.91, 95% CI = 2.36–3.57), urinary tract infection (OR = 2.21, 95% CI = 1.84–2.65), and septicemia (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.44–2.55). In the 2011 NHAMCS dataset, no cases of elder abuse were recorded for the 5,965 older adult ED visits. Conclusion The proportion of U.S. ED visits by older adults receiving a diagnosis of elder abuse is at least two orders of magnitude lower than the estimated prevalence in the population. Efforts to improve the identification of elder abuse in EDs may be warranted.
Circulating Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Regulates Its Receptor in the Brain of Male Mice.

The role of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and its receptor (IGF-IR) in brain pathology is still unclear. Thus, either reduction of IGF-IR or treatment with IGF-I, two apparently opposite actions, has proven beneficial in brain diseases such as Alzheimer´s dementia (AD). A possible explanation of this discrepancy is that IGF-I down-regulates brain IGF-IR levels, as previously seen in a mouse AD model. We now explored whether under normal conditions IGF-I modulates its receptor. We first observed that in vitro, IGF-I reduced IGF-IR mRNA levels in all types of brain cells including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, endothelial cells, and oligodendrocytes. IGF-I also inhibited its own expression in neurons and brain endothelium. Next, we analyzed in vivo actions of IGF-I. As serum IGF-I can enter the brain, we injected mice with IGF-I intraperitoneously. As soon as one hour after injection, decreased hippocampal IGF-I levels were observed, followed by increased IGF-I and IGF-IR mRNAs six hours later. As ...
Limitations of GD-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI: can clinical parameters predict suboptimal hepatobiliary phase?

Aim To establish cut-off levels of the clinical parameters, which would predict suboptimal 30 minutes delayed hepatobiliary phase (HBP) with high specificity. Materials and methods This retrospective study included patients with chronic liver disease who underwent hepatocellular carcinoma screening with Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between 1 January 2011 and 30 November 2014. For each case, HBP was graded as adequate or suboptimal, based on Liver Image Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) criteria. The following laboratory data obtained within 3 months of the MRI date was extracted: total bilirubin (TB), direct bilirubin (DB), serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and International normalised ratio (INR). Model For End-Stage Liver Disease (MELD) scores were calculated as 3.78×ln[TB] + 11.2×ln[INR] + 9.57×ln[creatinine] + 6.43. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to establish cut-off values for predicting suboptimal HBP. Results Of 284 patients, 242 (85.2%) patients (91; 57.6% male) had an adequate HBP and 42 (14.8%) patients (13; 61.9% male) had suboptimal HBP, with mean ages of 58.5±9.7 years and 55±12.7 years, respectively ( p =0.096). Areas under the ROC curve for predicting suboptimal HBP were 0.85 (95%CI 0.79–0.91) for the MELD score, 0.88 (95%CI 0.82–0.93) for TB, and 0.91 (95%CI 0.86–0.95) for DB. Accuracy, positive likelihood ratios and cut-off values for predicting suboptimal HBP were, respectively: 86.7% and 11.2 for the MELD score ≥16.7, 88.2% and 28.7 for TB ≥4.3 mg/dl, and 91.1% and 36.4 for DB ≥1.3 mg/dl. SGOT, SGPT, and ALP were not statistically significantly different between the groups. Conclusion Cut-off levels of MELD score, DB, and TB can predict an suboptimal HBP with high accuracy. Prospective identification of patients with a high likelihood of an suboptimal HBP can help to avoid administering a more costly agent to patients who would not benefit from its unique properties.
Reckless Self-Destructive Behavior and PTSD in Veterans: The Mediating Role of New Adverse Events

The addition of self-destructive and reckless behavior as a symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in DSM-5 has stimulated renewed interest in understanding relationships between these behaviors and trauma-related psychopathology. This study examined the relationship between reckless and self-destructive behaviors (RSDB), intervening exposure to new adverse events, and later PTSD severity in a sample of trauma-exposed veterans. At baseline, participants were assessed for RSDB (past 5 years) and current PTSD severity (N = 222). PTSD severity was then reassessed approximately 4 years later (N = 148). Overall, RSDB were reported by 74.4% of the sample, with 61.3% engaging in multiple forms of RSDB. The most commonly endorsed behaviors included alcohol/drug abuse (42.8%), driving while intoxicated (29.4%), gambling (24.7%), and aggression (23.1%). There was a positive correlation between RSDB and PTSD severity at both the baseline (r = .16, p = .031) and follow-up assessment (r = .24, p = .005). Path models indicated that exposure to new adverse events fully mediated the effect of Time 1 RSDB on PTSD symptoms at Time 2 (indirect association: β = .05, p = .046). Results suggest that RSDB are common among trauma-exposed veterans and may perpetuate PTSD symptoms by increasing exposure to new adverse events.
Sympathy for the Devil: Simon Girty, the Frontier Captive Experience, Loyalty and American Memory

He was fifteen. In those fifteen years he had witnessed and experienced things which only those growing up on the fringes of a frontier society could. He had been raised at a place known as Chambers's Mill in what is now south central Pennsylvania, a settlement rough even by frontier standards. Nineteenth-century historian Consul Willshire Butterfield tells us, "Indeed, it had few, if any, rivals, for its wickedness, in the province." 1
Molecular mechanisms required for TCR-mediated formation of TCR-CXCR4 heterodimers

T cell immune activation is frequently cross-regulated by CXCR4, which regulates T cell migration through binding its ligand SDF-1 (CXCL12). Here, we define a novel molecular mechanism by which CXCR4 directly impacts T cell immune function even in the absence of SDF-1. Our lab recently reported that, even in the absence of SDF-1, T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation causes CXCR4 to physically associate with the TCR and form a TCR-CXCR4 heterodimer. Moreover, blocking formation of TCR-CXCR4, with the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 or by CXCR4 siRNAs, selectively impairs TCR-stimulated signaling, inhibiting T cell production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, and TNF but not IFN-λ. Here, we investigate the molecular mechanisms required for TCR-induced TCR-CXCR4 formation in the absence of SDF-1. Using fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to detect TCR-CXCR4, we discovered important roles for specific TCR-induced kinases and also particular CXCR4 structural motifs, leading us to propose that a kinase-driven receptor trafficking mechanism is responsible for formation of TCR-CXCR4 heterodimers in response to TCR ligation. Furthermore, we have identified CXCR4 structural motifs and an E3 ligase that act as negative regulators of TCR-CXCR4 heterodimer formation. Thus, TCR ligation triggers formation of TCR-CXCR4 complexes that mediate T cell functions. Targeting formation of TCR-CXCR4 complexes may be a novel approach to modulate T cell-mediated immunity.
Characterization and stratification of prostate lesions based on comprehensive multiparametric MRI using detailed whole-mount histopathology as a reference standard

The purpose of this study was to characterize prostate cancer (PCa) based on multiparametric MR (mpMR) measures derived from MRI, diffusion, spectroscopy, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI, and to validate mpMRI in detecting PCa and predicting PCa aggressiveness by correlating mpMRI findings with whole-mount histopathology. Seventy-eight men with untreated PCa received 3 T mpMR scans prior to radical prostatectomy. Cancerous regions were outlined, graded, and cancer amount estimated on whole-mount histology. Regions of interest were manually drawn on T2-weighted images based on histopathology. Logistic regression was used to identify optimal combinations of parameters for the peripheral zone and transition zone to separate: (i) benign from malignant tissues; (ii) Gleason score (GS) ≤3 + 3 disease from ≥GS3 + 4; and (iii) ≤ GS3 + 4 from ≥GS4 + 3 cancers. The performance of the models was assessed using repeated fourfold cross-validation. Additionally, the performance of the logistic regression models created under the assumption that one or more modality has not been acquired was evaluated. Logistic regression models yielded areas under the curve (AUCs) of 1.0 and 0.99 when separating benign from malignant tissues in the peripheral zone and the transition zone, respectively. Within the peripheral zone, combining choline, maximal enhancement slope, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and citrate measures for separating ≤GS3 + 3 from ≥GS3 + 4 PCa yielded AUC = 0.84. Combining creatine, choline, and washout slope yielded AUC = 0.81 for discriminating ≤GS3 + 4 from ≥GS4 + 3 disease. Within the transition zone, combining washout slope, ADC, and creatine yielded AUC = 0.93 for discriminating ≤GS3 + 3 and ≥GS3 + 4 cancers. When separating ≤GS3 + 4 from ≥GS4 + 3 PCa, combining choline and washout slope yielded AUC = 0.92. MpMRI provides excellent separation between benign tissues and PCa, and across PCa tissues of different aggressiveness. The final models prominently feature spectroscopy and DCE-derived metrics, underlining their value within a comprehensive mpMRI examination.
Persuading Computers to Act More Like Brains

Convergent advances in neural modeling, neuroinformatics, neuromorphic engineering, materials science, and computer science will soon enable the development and manufacture of novel computer architectures, including those based on memristive technologies that seek to emulate biological brain structures. A new computational platform, Cog Ex Machina, is a flexible modeling tool that enables a variety of biological-scale neuromorphic algorithms to be implemented on heterogeneous processors, including both conventional and neuromorphic hardware. Cog Ex Machina is specifically designed to leverage the upcoming introduction of dense memristive memories close to computing cores. The MoNETA (Modular Neural Exploring Traveling Agent) model is comprised of such algorithms to generate complex behaviors based on functionalities that include perception, motivation, decision-making, and navigation. MoNETA is being developed with Cog Ex Machina to exploit new hardware devices and their capabilities as well as to demonstrate intelligent, autonomous behaviors in both virtual animats and robots. These innovations in hardware, software, and brain modeling will not only advance our understanding of how to build adaptive, simulated, or robotic agents, but will also create innovative technological applications with major impacts on general-purpose and high-performance computing.
Using Interprofessional Simulation-Based Training to Improve Management of Obstetric Emergencies: A Systematic Review

Abstract Inadequate staff training was identified as the most common cause of adverse events in obstetric (OB) emergencies. There is a plethora of evidence supporting the use of simulation-based training (SBT) specifically in the management of OB emergencies. A review of the evidence evaluating the effectiveness of SBT in the management of OB emergencies indicates that SBT is associated with improvement in staff skills, patient safety, and quality of care. Life-threatening OB emergencies are not frequent but require skill and prompt action. SBT of delivery room teams in the management of OB emergencies could improve clinical performance and reduce incidence of medical negligence.
Zur Messung der Anpassungsgüte in der linearen Regression

Da der Determinationskoeffizient nicht invariant ist gegen abstanderhaltende affine Datentransformationen, werden alternative Anpassungsgutemase angegeben, die diese Invarianzeigenschaft besitzen und somit vielleicht besser geeignet sind, den Grad der Nahe von Punkten zu einer Hyperebene zu quantifizieren.
Surface Flow Visualization of a Side-Mounted NACA 0012 Airfoil in a Transonic Ludwieg Tube

Transonic testing is confronted with numerous challenges such as the need to match fullscale Mach and Reynolds numbers, as well as to ensure interference-free flow. Various methods such as porous [1] or adaptive walls [2, 3] are used for the latter. More modern methods involve a combination of “corrections” using numerical simulations [4]. While cryogenic tunnels are used for industrial purposes [5, 6], small Ludwieg tube tunnels have an important role in wind tunnel testing [7].
The Design of Peptides and Proteins Ranging from Hormones to Enzymes

Our efforts on the modelling and redesign of proteins have proceeded along two general routes. In one approach, the principal subject of this article, we have focussed on designing and building model peptides where we could neglect tertiary structure in at least the early phases of our work. For many peptides and proteins that bind in the amphiphilic environments of biological interfaces, complementary amphiphilic secondary structures are induced. We have developed design principles for the construction of model peptides which have illuminated the roles of secondary structures in the biological activity of apolipoproteins, peptide toxins and peptide hormones.
The Telemetric and Holter ECG Warehouse to Enable the Validation and Development of Novel Electrocardiographic Markers

Abstract We provide a description of the development of a consortium that was triggered by the need to improve one specific marker: the QT interval from the body surface electrocardiogram. We describe how the strengths and weaknesses of QT prolongation as a surrogate marker of risk for a specific type of drug-induced ventricular arrhythmias has generated incentives for regulators, industries and academia to collaborate, to share data and to combine efforts leading to the Telemetric and Holter ECG Warehouse (THEW).
Design and Control of a Tunable Compliance Actuator

TCERA (Tunable Compliance Energy Return Actuator) is a robotic actuator inspired by properties and behavior of the human knee joint, in that it utilizes antagonistic contraction to vary torsional stiffness and joint angle. The actuator is an electrically activated artificial muscle which uses two constant air-mass pneumatic springs configured antagonistically about the knee joint. The positions of the actuator insertion points are controlled in order to change the effective torsional stiffness about the knee axis. Additionally, the rigid member to which the insertion points are attached is able to rotate in order to alter the static equilibrium of the knee system. Furthermore, the system has been simulated and an artificial neural network (ANN) has been trained to determine the control bar angle and attachment location required based on the desired angle, stiffness, and predicted torque state of the joint. Using this controller we have achieved actuator position and stiffness control both with and without load.
Scene-Based Movie Summarization

Video abstraction is a very useful technology in many applications including video browsing and retrieval. As reviewed in Chapter 2, there are generally two types of video abstracts, namely, video summary and video skim. This chapter will mainly deal with video summarization, especially, the movie summarization.
THE PASTEURIZATION OF CREAM, CHOCOLATE MILK AND ICE CREAM MIXES CONTAINING THE ORGANISM OF Q FEVER1 2

Under the conditions of this study the minimum recommended standard for the pasteurization of milk, of 145° F for 30 minutes and 161° F for 15 seconds is inadequate to eliminate viable Coxiella bur...
Dynamic balance during running using running-specific prostheses.

Abstract Running is beneficial for physical, social, and emotional health, and participating in physical activity, including running, is becoming more popular for people with an amputation. However, this population has a greater risk of falling relative to people without an amputation, which may be a barrier to running. Understanding how dynamic balance is maintained during running is important for removing this barrier. To investigate dynamic balance, we quantified whole-body angular momentum in eight people with a unilateral transtibial amputation (TTA) using running-specific prostheses (RSPs) compared to eight people without TTA during running at 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 m/s. People with TTA had greater ranges of whole-body angular momentum compared to people without TTA in the frontal and sagittal planes (p
Which women win? Partisan changes in victory patterns in US House Elections

A long line of research has shown that “when women run, they win,” but we know little about which women win. Based on a new dataset of US House candidates, this article examines partisan victory pa...
Identifying risk factors for postoperative major complications in staged implant‐based breast reconstruction with AlloDerm

Acellular dermal matrices (ADM) have reportedly been associated with postoperative complications following breast reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors predictive of major postoperative complications after staged implant-based breast reconstruction with ADM. A retrospective study of all patients who underwent implant-based breast reconstruction with AlloDerm between 2013 and 2017 was conducted. Demographic information, procedural data, and postoperative complications were retrieved. The main objective was to analyze patient and procedural factors associated with the occurrence of major complications, including postoperative readmission and loss of reconstruction. A total of 166 patients (288 breasts) were included. Major complications were noted in 19.9%. The overall rate of infection and mastectomy skin necrosis was 16.9% and 6.6%, respectively. Readmission occurred in 16.3% and loss of reconstruction occurred in 8.4% of patients. Risk factors for major complications included body mass index (BMI) >27.0 kg/m2 (OR 2.46; p = 0.041), higher tissue expander volume (p = 0.049), history of chemotherapy (OR 2.20; p = 0.047) and radiotherapy (OR 2.22; p = 0.040). Loss of reconstruction was associated with a BMI >27.0 kg/m2 (OR 4.00; p = 0.012), tobacco use (OR 6.64, p = 0.006), and higher tissue expander volume (p = 0.035). Similarly, readmission was associated with higher tissue expander volume (p = 0.042). In conclusion, a variety of factors were identified to be associated with major complications, including higher BMI, increased tissue expander volume, as well as history of chemotherapy and radiation. This information is valuable for pre-operative counseling and for future comparative studies between different ADM types.
Robotic Right-Sided Colon Resection: Unique Considerations and Optimal Setup

Robotic right-sided colon resection aims to obviate some of the limitations of conventional laparoscopic surgery, particularly as it relates to complete mesocolic excision and intracorporeal anastomosis. Robotic right colectomy (RRC) has been shown to be oncologically safe, and its short-term outcomes are similar to conventional laparoscopy. Compared to robotic total mesorectal excision (TME), robotic right colectomy is less challenging, has a shorter learning curve, and could be considered a “gateway procedure” for surgeons considering adapting robotic technology in their practice; yet, it is associated with increased cost and operative time. While these metrics improve over time, many surgeons are still reluctant to adapt robotic technology to right colectomy. At present, it is unclear whether the robotic approach to right colectomy is associated with enhanced recovery and improved outcomes. The aim of this chapter is to present current developments and technical aspects of robotic right colectomy. Specific approaches, such as port placement and docking, are discussed for both the previous model (Si) and newer models (X and Xi) of da Vinci robot.
Can Difficulties in Language Acquisition and Specific Learning Disabilities Be Separated Among English Learners

This study investigated the prevalence of latent classes at risk for reading or math disabilities in elementary-age children whose first language is Spanish. To this end, children (N = 394) in Grad...
Advances in vasodilatory shock a concise review

Managing vasodilatory shock remains the most challenging entity for intensivists even today It is simply because the condition does not respond to high dose vasopressors and results in high mortality Currently catecholamines are the most widely used vasopressors to maintain stable blood pressures in intensive care settings but loss of catecholamine pressor effects is a well known clinical dilemma However studies with newer modalities like angiotensin arginine vasopressin etc have pointed favorable outcomes We briefly discuss the updates in managing vasodilatory shock with focus on evidence based recommendations
Prevalence of inadequate and excessive iodine intake in a US pregnancy cohort.

Background US iodine intake, estimated from the median urinary iodine concentration of population representative data, has declined by half since the 1970s, which is problematic because maternal iodine intake is critical for fetal neurodevelopment. Relying on median urinary concentrations to assess iodine intake of populations is standard practice but does not describe the number of individuals with insufficient intake. Prevalence estimates of inadequate and excessive intake are better for informing public health applications but require multiple urine samples per person; such estimates have been generated in pediatric populations but not yet among pregnant women. Objective Our aims were as follows: (1) to assess median urinary iodine concentrations across pregnancy for comparison with national data and (2) to estimate the prevalence of inadequate and excessive iodine intake among pregnant women in mid-Michigan. Study Design Data were collected from 2008 to 2015 as part of a prospective pregnancy cohort in which women were enrolled at their first prenatal clinic visit. Few exclusion criteria ( Results Maternal characteristics reflected the local population in racial and ethnic diversity and socioeconomic status as follows: 53% non-Hispanic white, 22% non-Hispanic black, and 16% Hispanic; 48% had less than or equal to high school education and 71% had an annual income of Conclusion Median urinary iodine concentrations in each trimester were above the World Health Organization cutoff of 150 μg/L, indicating iodine sufficiency at the group level across pregnancy. However, the estimated prevalence of inadequate iodine intake was substantial at 23%, whereas prevalence of excessive intake was