cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A study on the influenza surveillance results in Shenzhen in 2012

Objectives To study the results of influenza surveillance in Shenzhen in 2012 and to explore pattern of influenza circulation and to assist the government for decision making. Methods the study was performed on the surveillance data of influenza-like illness(ILI) and laboratory examination and outbreak reports. Results The ILI attendance rate was 4.15% in 2012. A total of 3776 swab samples were collected and 474 strains were isolated with positive percent of 12.0%,consisting of 264 strains of seasonal H3 subtype(55.7%),150 strains of type B Victoria-lineage(31.6%), 55 strains of type B Yamagata-lineage(11.6%),4 strains of seasonal H1 subtype(0.8%),1 strain of novel H1N1 subtype( 0.2%). A total of 87 outbreaks were reported,of which 74 outbreaks were tested positive for influenza,consisting of 46 outbreaks of seasonal A type(53.5%),23 outbreaks of type B(26.7%)and 5 outbreaks of co-infected seasonal A type and type B(5.8%). Conclusions The intensity of influenza circulation was low in 2012,influenza circulated mostly on first half of the year with peaks in early Mar and Jun.
Enhancing co‐production of H2 and syngas via water splitting and POM on surface‐modified oxygen permeable membranes

In this paper, we report a detailed study on co-production of H2 and syngas on La0.9Ca0.1FeO3-δ (LCF-91) membranes via water splitting and partial oxidation of methane (POM), respectively. A permeation model shows that the surface reaction on the sweep side is the rate limiting step for this process on a 0.9 mm-thick dense membrane at 990oC. Hence, sweep side surface modifications such as adding a porous layer and nickel catalysts were applied; the hydrogen production rate from water thermolysis is enhanced by two orders of magnitude to 0.37 μmol/cm2•s compared with the results on the unmodified membrane. At the sweep side exit, syngas (H2/CO = 2) is produced and negligible solid carbon is found. Yet near the membrane surface on the sweep side, methane can decompose into solid carbon and hydrogen at the surface, or it may be oxidized into CO and CO2, depending on the oxygen permeation flux. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
American Grandchildren’s Use of Relational Maintenance Behaviors With Their Grandparents

ABSTRACTThe present investigation sought to advance extant relational maintenance research in the context of grandparent-grandchild (GP-GC) relationships from the perspective of grandchildren. Specifically, this study examined the extent to which American grandchildren’s use of relational maintenance behaviors with their grandparents is (a) dependent on grandchildren’s and grandparents’ biological sex, (b) dependent on family lineage (i.e., maternal versus paternal grandparents), and (c) associated with grandchildren’s perceived GP-GC relational characteristics (i.e., trust, commitment, and control mutuality). Young adult American grandchildren (N = 220) completed a series of established instruments in reference to their relationships with a specific grandparent. The results of three MANOVAs and a series of Pearson correlations indicated that grandchildren’s use of relational maintenance behaviors with their grandparents is not dependent on the grandchildren’s or the grandparents’ biological sex, nor is i...
Buddhism and Chinese Linguistics

In this paper, different aspects of the relation between Buddhism and the Buddhist Chinese literature and the linguistic study of Chinese will be at issue. The introduction of Buddhism and the Buddhist literature not only introduced new methods for the traditional Chinese linguistic analyses, particularly, the analysis of the phonology of Chinese, but also new styles of writing. The highly educated translators of Buddhist texts into Chinese, who frequently were not native speakers of Chinese, developed a writing style which on the one hand displayed a strong influence from their traditional Chinese education, but on the other hand attempted to appeal to less formally educated readers and a more general audience, in order to achieve missionary success. Consequently, the Buddhist Chinese literature, though it is predominantly written in a variety of the literary Chinese language wenyan 文言, displays a number of grammatical features which most likely reflect the vernacular language spoken at the time of the translation. Since all documents genuinely Chinese from the latter part of the Han period on (first century CE) are written in the wenyan language, our knowledge about any spoken variety of Chinese in the first millennium of the Common Era would be non-existent without these Buddhist texts. Accordingly, the study of Buddhist Chinese texts is most relevant for the study of the history of the Chinese language; the only entirely vernacular corpus is actually the Buddhist bianwen 變文 collection found in Dunhuang.
Pulmonary Mucormycosis: Radiologic Features at Presentation and Over Time.

OBJECTIVE. Pulmonary mucormycosis is an aggressive opportunistic fungal infection. We set out to evaluate the CT and MRI features of pulmonary mucormycosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Through a search ...
Identification of experimental bladder sensitivity among dysmenorrhea sufferers.

Background Dysmenorrhea is a common risk factor for chronic pain conditions including bladder pain syndrome. Few studies have formally evaluated asymptomatic bladder pain sensitivity in dysmenorrhea, and whether this largely reflects excess pelvic symptom reporting due to comorbid psychological dysfunction. Objective We sought to determine whether bladder hypersensitivity is more common among women reporting moderate or greater dysmenorrhea, without chronic pain elsewhere, after accounting for anxiety and depression. Demonstrating this would suggest that dysmenorrhea might be an early clue for visceral or widespread pain hypersensitivity and improve understanding of potential precursors to bladder pain syndrome. Study Design We compared cohorts of regularly menstruating women, without symptoms of chronic pain elsewhere, reporting (1) moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea (n = 98) and (2) low levels or no menstrual pain (n = 35). Participants underwent rapid bladder filling following a standard water ingestion protocol, serially rating bladder pain and relative urgency during subsequent distension. Potential differences in bladder volumes were controlled for by sonographic measurement at standard cystometric thresholds. Bladder sensitivity was also measured with complementary measures at other times separately including a simplified rapid filling test, palpation of the bladder wall, and through ambulatory self-report. Anxiety and depression were evaluated with the National Institutes of Health Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System measures. Results Women with moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea reported more urinary symptoms than controls and had a lower maximum capacity (498 ± 18 mL vs 619 ± 34 mL, P Conclusion Women experiencing moderate-to-severe dysmenorrhea also harbor a higher pain response to naturally evoked bladder distension. Noninvasive bladder provocation needs to be tested further longitudinally in those with dysmenorrhea to characterize the course of visceral sensitivity and determine if it may help predict individuals at risk for developing subsequent pain in the bladder or elsewhere.
Phase stability of SrFeCo0.5Ox in reducing environments

The mixed-conducting SrFeCo0.5Ox is a potential material for use in dense ceramic membranes for gas separation at elevated temperatures. Its outstanding oxygen transport properties reveal the feasibility of using oxide ceramic membrane in large-scale oxygen separation. The stability of this material under low oxygen partial pressure is an important issue. To investigate phase and structural stability, SrFeCo0.5Ox samples were annealed in various reducing gaseous environments. The annealed samples were characterized by room-temperature X-ray powder diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses. In situ conductivity of the samples was measured in various atmospheres. Reversible phase transition related to the change of oxygen partial pressure in the surrounding atmosphere was observed at elevated temperatures. Our results show that mechanical failure of dense ceramic membranes made of this material may occur when it is cooled in a moisturized reducing atmosphere, such as hydrogen, and then reheated in an oxidizing atmosphere, such as air.
Where Do Moral Principles Come from

I will present an empirical case study of three factors that influence moral reasoning about harmful behaviors. The evidence suggests that people can generalize explicit moral principles inductively from their own moral intuitions - that is, they codify reliable consistencies in their 'gut feelings' about the morality of various situations. Explicit moral principles therefore reflect the basic structure of the cognitive systems that generate our intuitive moral judgments. And, because intuitive moral judgments depend critically on an assessment of causal responsibility and mental culpability, those same causal and mental state analyses figure prominently in explicit moral theories. Interestingly, certain psychological 'quirks' of reasoning about causation and mental states show up in our moral judgments. In this sense, aspects of our moral principles reflect not just the structure in the world, but also the structure of our minds.
Passionate Gods and Desiring Women: Jeanette Winterson, Faith, and Sexuality

Throughout her literary works, Jeanette Winterson describes sexual passion in the language and with the understanding of a parallel and informing spiritual faith and compassion. Winterson's narratives of romantic love and sexual passion seek in a different form the experience of perfect union with another demonstrated in the ecstatic practices of charismatic Christianity. From her first book, Oranges Are Not the Only Fruit (1985), to her most recent fictions, Winterson has consistently drawn on Biblical language and religious experience to produce her own exalted discourse of passion. In drawing on Biblical language to express erotic passion, Winterson resists the popular cultural image of perfect rapprochement, the merging of self and other typically ascribed to the lesbian couple. Rather, she emphasizes the challenge of union in love, using the language of faith to indicate the elusive qualities of passionate connection. The language she borrows from her Pentecostal childhood allows her to describe a kind of charismatic experience of meeting between self and lover while recognizing the essential difference between partners, the foreignness of the beloved.
Using hospital medical record data to assess the accuracy of the SEER Los Angeles Cancer Surveillance Program for initial treatment of prostate cancer: a small pilot study

Treatment information from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result Program (SEER) cancer registries is increasingly being used for population-based cancer research; however, it may be incomplete for outpatient procedures and is not quality controlled. We sought to validate SEER information on initial treatment of prostate cancer by comparison to electronic medical record (EMR) review. Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer between 1 January 2010 and 31 December 2014 in Los Angeles County who received treatment at our institution within 6 months of diagnosis were identified from the SEER registry. We reviewed the hospital EMR for these patients and identified initial treatment received within 6 months of diagnosis. We compared data reported to SEER data to our re-abstracted hospital EMR data (defined as the gold standard) to identify the completeness of SEER treatment data (sensitivity) and the accuracy of the SEER information (positive predictive value). Based on 266 eligible patients, SEER’s sensitivity in capturing initial treatment was 95.9% (118/123) for prostatectomy, 95.8% (69/72) for no treatment, 87.5% (21/24) for radiation therapy, 68.3% (28/41) for active surveillance or watchful waiting, and 50.0% (2/4) for cryosurgery. The SEER positive predictive value was 100% for radiation therapy and cryosurgery, 97.5% (118/121) for radical prostatectomy, 82.3% (28/34) for active surveillance or watchful waiting, and 78.4% (69/88) for no treatment. The SEER data were highly sensitive and has a high positive predictive value for surgery and radiation therapy but underreported use of active surveillance. These results may assist researchers in understanding the strengths and weaknesses of using SEER prostate cancer treatment data.
A Strategy for Increasing the Efficiency of the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Mn-Doped Cobalt Ferrites

Alkaline fuel cells have drawn increasing attention as next-generation energy-conversion devices for electrical vehicles, since high pH enables the use of non-precious-metal catalysts. Herein, we report on a family of rationally designed Mn-doped cobalt ferrite (MCF) spinel nanocrystals, with an optimal composition Mn0.8(CoFe2)0.73O4 (MCF-0.8), that are effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction. MCF-0.8 exhibits a half-wave potential (E1/2) of 0.89 V vs RHE in 1 M NaOH, only 0.02 V less than that of commercial Pt/C under identical testing conditions and, to the best of our knowledge, one of the highest recorded values in the literature. Moreover, MCF-0.8 exhibits remarkable durability (ΔE1/2 = 0.014 V) after 10 000 electrochemical cycles. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) reveals that the superior performance of the trimetallic MCF-0.8 originates from the synergistic catalytic effect of Mn and Co, while Fe helps preserve the spinel structure during cycling. We employed in situ...
Opinion Manipulation and Disagreement in Social Networks

I study a bounded rationality model of opinion formation in which there are two different types of agents: naive agents and sophisticated agents. All agents update their opinions by taking weighted averages of neighbors’ opinions. Naive agents truthfully report their opinions, but sophisticated agents can strategically report opinions to manipulate naive agents. I show that the limiting opinions are completely determined by sophisticated agents’ biases and the structure of the network and that, generically, there is no consensus. I analyze how disagreement is affected by the intensity of lying cost, diverging interests, and the structure of the social network. I also show that naive agents do not have any social influence and sophisticated agents’ social influence can be decomposed into two separate factors: direct influence and indirect influence.
Early Utilization Trends and Outcomes of Hepatitis C Donor Hearts in the Era of Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing (NAT) and Direct Acting Antivirals (DAAs)

Purpose The American Society of Transplantation has recently called for better risk stratification of donor hearts based on hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody (Ab)/NAT status, advised to consider NAT negative (non-viremic) hearts noninfectious, and underscored the need for more research before HCV NAT+ (viremic) hearts can be used routinely. We examined early trends in utilization rates and outcomes of HCV donor hearts based on Ab and NAT status. Methods Between 8/2015 and 6/2018, we identified 29,225 donors with HCV Ab/NAT status and organ disposition in UNOS (for utilization trends). After excluding multi-organ and re-transplants, 7260 adult heart transplantation (HT) recipients were used to analyze baseline donor/recipient characteristics and outcomes in different donor HCV Ab/NAT categories. Results During the study period, the acceptance rates for HCV Ab+/NAT- donor hearts increased from 1.4% to 23.4%, Ab+/NAT+ from 0.6% to 26.0% and Ab-/NAT+ from 0% to 9.1% (p Conclusion Even though infectious risk starkly differs and long-term outcomes are unclear in the era of DAAs, we found a significant and near identical increase in utilization of both HCV viremic (NAT+) and non-viremic (Ab+/NAT-) donor hearts. Early survival was similar to recipients of HCV Ab-/NAT- donor hearts.
Notes from the Field: Challenges of Indigent Criminal Defense

In the arena of legal scholarship, the topic of indigent criminal defense is often subsumed under broader considerations of criminal law, the courts, institutional structures, and the reigning paradigm of the criminal justice system. However, examination of the field seldom begins from the perspective of the indigent criminal defense attorney and, by extension, the accused. The reflections of these practitioners are not only germane, but also essential to bridging the divide between the rarified theory of indigent criminal defense and its application.In this volume, four leading practitioners discuss the challenges in criminal defense -- Susan Tipograph, Mercedes Cano, and Preeti Lala are all criminal defense attorneys, and Kathy Boudin, who was incarcerated for twenty-two years, is a noted advocate for the incarcerated and their children. This Essay aims to use the insights of the practitioners, and the realities they have described, to contribute to the critical discussion in future debates about indigent criminal defense. The practitioners all comment on the particular difficulties they face in their practice, the trend of mass incarceration in the United States, recidivism, the connection between social movements and criminal defense, and alternative client-focused approaches to indigent public defense. Their reflections, insights, and perspectives capture the frustrations, realities and joys of indigent defense work.
Peri-Interview Communication in the Otolaryngology Residency Match: The Applicant Perspective.

Objectives/hypothesis To evaluate peri-interview communication in the otolaryngology Match from the applicant's perspective. Study design Cross-sectional survey study. Methods A survey link was emailed to 401 otolaryngology residency applicants from the 2019 Match cycle. Survey items queried peri-interview communication practices and applicants' attitudes toward communication in the postinterview period. Data were collected anonymously. Qualitative analysis was performed for descriptive statistics. Responses from female and male participants were compared using Fisher exact tests. Results The survey yielded a 44% (56% male, 44% female) response rate and a 100% completion rate. Of applicants, 18% were told they were ranked to match, and 19% were asked how highly they planned to rank a given program. Interview questions regarding marital status and plans for children were asked to 38% and 12%, respectively. The majority (75%) believe peri-interview communication should be allowed. Most (65%) participants felt obligated to inform top program(s) of their high rank; however, only 45% of applicants found this to be stressful. Peri-interview communication may have altered the rank list for 10% of applicants. Of applicants, 96% created their final rank list based on where they most wanted to match rather than where they would most likely match. Conclusions National Resident Matching Program peri-interview communication violations occur in the otolaryngology Match at similar rates when compared to other specialties. Although peri-interview communication can cause significant stress, the majority of otolaryngology residency applicants believe peri-interview communication should be allowed and do not believe it alters applicants' rank lists. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 2020.
Resurgent Methamphetamine Use at Treatment Admission in the United States, 2008–2017

Objectives. To evaluate trends and correlates of methamphetamine use in the United States.Methods. Data are from 15 747 334 drug-related treatment admissions among persons aged 12 years or older in...
The Behavioral Model of Health: Education, Behavioral Health Factors, and Stigma as Predictors of Help-Seeking Attitudes

Per the behavioral model of health, help-seeking attitudes (and even behavioral health service use) are a function of predisposing and enabling individual characteristics (e.g. demographic characteristics, health beliefs), as well as contextual characteristics (resources, social structures such as education etc.). While researchers have examined how demographic (gender and ethnicity) and socioeconomic (education and income) characteristics, psychological factors, and internal barriers relate to help-seeking attitudes, the majority of these works have investigated how different variables independently act on help-seeking attitudes in lieu of more comprehensively investigating how they operate in tandem. The purpose of the current study was to examine how demographic (gender and ethnicity) and socioeconomic (education and income) characteristics, behavioral health factors, and internal barriers relate to help-seeking attitudes in a diverse sample of primary care patients. We also sought to examine differences in demographic and socioeconomic characteristics in mental health literacy, stigma, and help-seeking attitudes. Participants were 286 primary care patients. Results from this study indicate that a combination of socioeconomic characteristics (i.e. education), behavioral health factors (level of distress and history of behavioral health service utilization), and internal barriers (personal stigma) predicted help-seeking attitudes among primary care patients. There was an inverse relationship between education and personal stigma and help-seeking attitudes such that higher levels of education and higher levels of personal stigma were associated with more negative help-seeking attitudes.
Systematic Approach to High Implantation of SAPIEN-3 Valve Achieves a Lower Rate of Conduction Abnormalities Including Pacemaker Implantation

Background: The conventional method of implanting balloon-expandable SAPIEN-3 (S3) valve results in a final 70:30 or 80:20 ratio of the valve in the aorta:left ventricular outflow tract with publis...
Identification of individual components of a commercial wheat germ acid phosphatase preparation

Wheat germ acid phosphatase (WGAP) is a commercial preparation of partially purified protein commonly used in laboratory settings for non-specific enzymatic dephosphorylation. It is known that these preparations contain multiple phosphatase isozymes and are still relatively crude. This study therefore aimed to identify the protein components of a commercial preparation of wheat germ acid phosphatase using mass spectroscopy and comparative genomics. After one post-purchase purification step, the most prevalent fifteen proteins in the mixture included heat shock proteins, beta-amylases, glucoseribitol dehydrogenases, enolases, and an aminopeptidase. While not among the most abundant components, eight unique dephosphorylation enzymes were also present including three purple acid phosphatases. Furthermore, it is shown that some of these correspond to previously isolated isozymes; one of which has been also previously shown by transcriptome data to be overexpressed in wheat seeds. In summary, this study identified the major components of WGAP including phosphatases and hypothesizes the most active components towards a better understanding of this commonly used laboratory tool.
Effect of caption width on the TV user experience by deaf and hard of hearing viewers

Deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) viewers watch multimedia with captions on devices with widely varying widths. We investigated the impact of caption width on viewers' preferences. Previous research has shown that presenting one word lines allows viewers to read much more quickly than traditional reading, while others have shown that the optimal width for captions is 6 words per line. Our study showed that DHH viewers had no preference difference between 6 and 12 word lines. Furthermore, they significantly preferred 6 and 12 word lines over single word lines due to the need to split attention between the captions and video.
The Effect of Morphine, Demerol and Codeine on Serum Amylase Values in Man

Summary Neither morphine, Demerol or codeine causes elevated serum amylase values unless the pancreas is secreting when the analgesic is given. Such conditions exist in a patient up to 4 hours after a meal or with acute primary or secondary inflammation of the pancreas. Thus the interpretation applied to a serum amylase value need not be altered because an analgesic has been used.
Aqueous systems at high temperature—V: Distribution of CuO and NiO components in the two-liquid phase region of the system UO3SO3H2O and its D2O analogue, 300–350°C☆☆☆

Abstract Some equilibrium compositions of light- and heavy-liquid phases with vapour present in the systems UO3CuOSO3H2O, UO3NiOSO3H2O and UO3CuONiOSO3H2O and in their corresponding D2O analogues were determined at 300, 325 and 350°. In this investigation concentrations of CuO and NiO were kept relatively low; thus the predominant components were UO3, SO3 and H2O or D2O. The summation of the molal ratios, mUO3:mSO3, mCuO:mSO3, and mNiO:mSO3 for each liquid phase gave values close to the molal ratio, mUO3:mSO3, in the system UO3SO3H2O or its D2O analogue at the same SO3 concentration. At 350° and a summation ratio near unity the heavy-liquid phases contain 6–7 moles of H2O per mole of SO3.
Bench Scale Electrolysis of Alumina in Sodium Fluoride–Aluminum Fluoride Melts Below 900°C

Current efficiency as high as 92% was obtained in bench scale electrolysis of alumina in sodium fluoride - aluminum fluoride bath with weight ratios from 0.65 to 0.80 at temperatures from about 730 to 900°C. Special aluminas calcined at low temperatures had to be used to obtain rapid solution of the alumina at these temperatures. A solid cryolite layer slowly deposited on the cathode unless the bath temperature was maintained about 100°C above the liquidus temperature of the bulk sodium fluoride - aluminum fluoride composition. The carbon anodes were attacked during anode effect, sometimes swelling, dusting, and evolving larger than normal quantities of carbon tetrafluoride. Addition of 5 wt. % LiF to the bath gave more normal anode effects. Carbon consumption approached the theoretical 0.33 g C/g Al when the alumina content was maintained at high levels and moisture additions were made to the cell atmosphere.
Kent State: Balancing the Evidence

In trying to unravel what happened at Kent State on May 4th 1970 we must determine whether or not the National Guard faced serious danger from the student crowd. Based on most of the eyewitness accounts available for review it appears that the evidence can support either conclusion. For example, three out of five eyewitnesses of the event, make mention in their testimony that the National guards were hit with rocks or cans by Kent State students. The probability of this event actually occurring is strengthen by the fact that one of the testimonies was given by a teacher whose statement does not appear to distinguish him as being for or against the Guards. The most decisive evidence supporting this rock throwing incident is given by a student, who has clearly expressed her opposition and dislike for the National Guards. Claudia Van Tyne, a 20-year-old student at Kent State asserts that, “The pigs (the Police) came up the Hill and marched down into the old football practice field... where they gassed us again."
Introducing computer security concepts in introductory computer science courses

Computer security has become an extremely important and well-acknowledged topic in computing, and many of today's students enter college with an awareness and appreciation of computer and network security. However, many of these students do not know specific details of how different security measures are implemented, and hence do not understand the strengths and weaknesses of each type of tool available to them.
THE EXCRETION OF TWO Δ5-3β-OH, 16α-HYDROXYSTEROIDS BY PATIENTS WITH CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

The urinary excretion of two Δ5-3β-OH, 16α-hydnoxysteroids, 16-OH-pregnenolone (16-OH-PG), and 16-OH-dehydroepiandrosterone (16-OH-DHA), has been determined in 18 patients with the C-21 hydroxylase deficiency type of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). The excretion of 16-OH-PG was generally above the normal range in young infants, fell over the first 4 months and was present in only one of eight control urine samples from patients with CAH over 5 months of age. The excretion of 16-OH-DHA was generally within the normal range in the young infants, fell over the first 4 months, and was not found in urine samples from CAH patients over 5 months of age. ACTH was administered to eight of the CAH patients and caused an increased excretion of both steroids when they were present in control urine samples. Of the five patients receiving ACTH who had neither steroid present in control urine, 16-OH-PG appeared in the two youngest but 16-OH-DHA appeared in none. The ratio of urinary 16-OH-PG/16-OH-DHA was significantly greater in the CAH patients than in the endocninologically normal patients. It was concluded that the pattern of excretion of 16-OH-PG and i6-OH-DHA in patients with CAH is an exaggeration of the normal infant pattern caused by the endogenous ACTH stimulation. The possible role of the fetal zone of the adrenal cortex in the secretion of these steroids was considered but the available evidence indicated that the permanent cartical zone was the site of origin.
Strategic decision making regarding new high technology products in the US multi-market companies

The author examines particularly decisions identifying new product technologies for future growth and survival. He focuses on whether the new technology in the multi-product multi-market organization should be developed internally or acquired externally, who participates at the top level in new technology decisions, the background of these executives, and the extent of their involvement in decision and resource allocation. A pilot study precedes case studies of thirteen multi-product multi-market companies, including personal interviews with senior corporate executives. Analysis of the data produced a model classifying these firms into three major categories reflecting their management's approach to dealing with strategic decisions, technology leaders, technology followers, and financially oriented firms. >
Flight behaviour of European corn borer infected with Nosema pyrausta

The microsporidian Nosema pyrausta Paillot is a common and widespread pathogen of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hiibner), in North America and Europe. Nosema negatively affects European corn borer longevity and fecundity. In this study, we used flight mills to examine the effects of Nosema infection on flight activity of unmated males and females at 1 and 3 days after pupal eclosion, taking the level of infection, as measured by number of Nosema spores per mg of tissue, into consideration. Nosema infection had a significant negative effect on distance, duration and speed of the longest uninterrupted flight, as well as on total distance and duration of flight of 1-day-old males, but not of 3-day-old males or females of either age. However, when insects with a light infection (<15 spores/mg) were pooled with uninfected moths, significant negative effects of a moderate/heavy infection (≥15 spores/mg) were observed for most flight parameters in 1-day-old, but not 3-day-old, moths of both sexes. The magnitude of reduction was often substantial: e.g., distance and duration were sevenfold, and 3.5-fold less, respectively, in 1-day-old females with a moderate/heavy infection. Flight distance and duration were significantly negatively correlated with level of Nosema infection in 1-day-old, but not 3-day-old, moths of both sexes. The percentage of moths of either sex or age with a moderate/heavy Nosema infection flying given distances was less than that of lightly infected (<15 spores/mg) moths. Among uninfected adults, forewing length was positively correlated with several measures of flight performance in males, but not females. However, some performance measures were correlated with wing length in females when infected with Nosema. Nosema infection was associated with reduced adult weight, but not forewing length, suggesting that negative effects of Nosema infection on flight performance are related to reduced energy reserves rather than smaller body size per se.
TEMPERATURE AND OVERPOTENTIAL DEPENDENCE OF LONG-RANGE ELECTRON TRANSFER ACROSS A SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYER WITH PENDANT RUTHENIUM REDOX CENTERS

Mixed monolayers containing an electroactive thiol, HS(CH2)15CONHCH2pyRu(NH3)52+/3+, and a diluent thiol, HS(CH2)15COOH, on gold electrodes are examined in acetonitrile electrolyte (0.1 M LiClO4) as a function of overpotential and temperature. Kinetic and thermodynamic parameters from ca. −45 to +20 °C are obtained by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Reorganization energies obtained from Tafel plots and Arrhenius plots both yield a reorganization energy of 0.8 eV for the redox centers.
The making of family values: developmental idealism in Gansu, China.

This paper examines the role of developmental thinking in the making of family values. We analyze survey data collected from Gansu Province in China with regular and multilevel logit models. The results show that individuals’ endorsement of neolocal residence, self-choice marriage, gender egalitarianism, late marriage for women, and low fertility depends on the conjunction of preference for development and beliefs in its association with those family attributes, which we term developmental idealism associational evaluation. Furthermore, such impact of developmental thinking on family values holds robust in the presence of indigenous ideational forces, in this case Islamic religion. Although Islam influences family values in the opposite direction than developmental ideas do, the effect of Developmental Idealism associational evaluation does not differ significantly between Muslims and non-Muslims.
Gastroesophageal Reflux: Problem or Nuisance?

Abstract Gastroesophageal reflux (GER), the regurgitation of stomach contents into the esophagus, is common in infancy. If this occurs frequently, vomiting, esophagitis, failure to thrive, or respiratory problems can complicate this phenomenon. A thorough history and physical examination are essential for an accurate diagnosis. In addition, positive results in two of the following tests help to confirm the diagnosis of GER: barium swallow, esophageal pH monitoring, esophageal manometry, or radionuclide gastroesophagraphy. Optimal treatment includes positioning the infant in a 30-degree prone plane for 24 hours a day. Small, frequent, thickened feedings and pharmacotherapeutics remain controversial in the management of GER. Surgical intervention is indicated only when life-threatening complications occur, such as apnea or severe failure to thrive. The pediatric nurse practitioner plays a critical role in providing support to the family and closely monitoring the infant's growth and development.
Ontology-supported scientific data frameworks: The Virtual Solar-Terrestrial Observatory experience

We have developed a semantic data framework that supports interdisciplinary virtual observatory projects across the fields of solar physics, space physics and solar-terrestrial physics. This work required a formal, machine understandable representation for concepts, relations and attributes of physical quantities in the domains of interest as well as their underlying data representations. To fulfill this need, we developed a set of solar-terrestrial ontologies as formal encodings of the knowledge in the Ontology Web Language-Description Logic (OWL-DL) format. We present our knowledge representation and reasoning needs motivated by the context of Virtual Observatories, from fields spanning upper atmospheric terrestrial physics to solar physics, whose intent is to provide access to observational datasets. The resulting data framework is built upon semantic web methodologies and technologies and provides virtual access to distributed and heterogeneous sets of data as if all resources appear to be organized, stored and retrieved from a local environment. Our conclusion is that the combination of use case-driven, small and modular ontology development, coupled with free and open-source software tools and languages provides sufficient expressiveness and capabilities for an initial production implementation and sets the stage for a more complete semantic-enablement of future frameworks.
Distal greater saphenous vein cutdown—Technique of choice for rapid volume resuscitation

Rapid fluid administration is essential for the successful resuscitation of hemorrhagic shock. Distal greater saphenous vein cutdown provides quick venous access for rapid volume repletion. The advantages of this simple technique include the physical characteristics of the vessel and its location. In rare instances use of the distal greater saphenous vein may be contraindicated, but in the vast majority of cases it is the cutdown procedure of choice for fluid resuscitation in the critically injured.
European corn borer control with Bacillus thuringiensis standardized as corn borer international units

Abstract Bacillus thuringiensis products (Dipel and Thuricide HPC) were standardized against the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis , by using standard bioassay techniques. When they were applied on an international unit basis for control of the corn borer on field corn, the granular formulations gave better control of the corn borer than did the spray formulations.
Penetration-depth anisotropy in two-band superconductors

The anisotropy of the London penetration depth is evaluated for two-band superconductors with arbitrary interband and intraband scattering times. If one of the bands is clean and the other is dirty in the absence of interband scattering, the anisotropy is dominated by the Fermi surface of the clean band and is weakly temperature dependent. The interband scattering also suppresses the temperature dependence of the anisotropy.
A Defence of the New Tenseless Theory of Time

As we ordinarily think and talk about time it is a truism that time passes. Dates, like the events that occur at those dates, are once in the future, then become present, and then recede into the more and more distant past with the passage of time. To think of time as passing, and events as changing with respect to the characteristics of pastness, presentness and futurity, is to conceive of the transient aspect of time or temporal becoming. One central issue in the philosophy of time concerns the metaphysical nature of temporal becoming. Do events exemplify the non-relational properties of pastness, presentness and futurity, as the tensed theory maintains, or are they intrinsically tenseless exemplifying only the unchanging relations of simultaneity, earlier and later, as the tenseless view believes? Although the issue is metaphysical the dispute between the tensed and the tenseless views has, until quite recently, centred around temporal language. Defenders of the tenseless view have often argued that since tensed discourse could be eliminated or translated without loss of meaning into tenseless discourse, an adequate account of the nature of time need not countenance any special kind of tensed fact or tensed properties. In other words, the old tenseless theory of time assumed that a logical analysis of ordinary language that eliminates tensed discourse, supported an ontological analysis of time that rejects transient temporal properties. The tenser shared that assumption, but argued that since no tenseless translations were successful, temporal becoming in some form or another (for example, as the acquiring and shedding of transitory temporal properties, or as the moving NOW), is necessary in any adequate account of time. Tensers claim, in other words, that because tensed discourse is ineliminable, the detenser is mistaken and tensed properties and facts must exist. For a variety of reasons, some having to do with arguments in the philosophy of time and some having to do with arguments in the philosophy of language, recent defenders of the tenseless view have come to embrace the thesis that tensed sentences cannot be translated by tenseless
Hyaluronic acid fillers in facial rejuvenation.

Nonsurgical procedures have become very popular for the rejuvenation of the aging face. Trends now are for less invasive procedures as well as for more preventative intervention to slow the damage from ultraviolet light and environmental factors, as well as from intrinsic aging. The goal of these procedures is to eliminate or delay the need for corrective surgery. The regular use of sunscreens; retinoids and improved cosmeceuticals; injectable neuro-toxins; soft-tissue augmentation products; and minimally invasive laser, light, and radiofrequency treatments are decreasing and delaying need for invasive procedures. Injectable fillers entered mainstream cosmetic medicine with the development of bovine collagen injections in the 1980s. The availability of improved fillers that are less allergenic and longer lasting has resulted in a renaissance in filler techniques. No single filler has proven to be more popular than the category of hyaluronic acids (HA). This article will review the use of the hyaluronic acid fillers that are currently approved for use by the Federal Drug Administration in the United States and describe the significant differences between them to assist the practicing cosmetic physician in choosing and using this category of dermal filler.
Severe ostial saphenous vein graft disease leading to acute coronary syndromes after proximal aorto-saphenous anastomoses with the symmetry bypass connector device.

I read the article by Cavendish et al. ([1][1]) with interest. They described their experience with 320 applications of the Symmetry Aortic Connector (St. Jude Medical Inc., St. Paul, Minnesota) in 121 patients. There were 11 (3%) described failures (proximal occlusion or ostial stenoses). They do
The effects of moisture on the thermosensitivity ofglobodera rostochiensis (nematoda)

The sensitivity ofGlobodera rostochiensis second-stage juveniles in eggs inside cysts (encysted J2) to heat was evaluated over a range of temperature and moisture levels. Encysted J2 in air dried cysts incubated in dry sand were less sensitive to thermal stress than those maintained under moist conditions. Heating of moist cysts to 50°C for 20 minutes in wet sand resulted in death of the encysted J2. Presoaking air dried cysts for 48 hours in water prior to heating in dry sand did not increase the sensitivity of encysted J2 to heat. Thermal sensitivity of encysted J2 presoaked for 48 hours in water or glycerine and then heated to 51°C or 56°C indicated that both water and glycerine conducted heat to the J2. Hydrated (water soaked) encysted J2 were killed at lower temperatures and at shorter exposures than were anhydrobiotic (glycerine soaked) encysted J2. Presoaking cysts in potato root diffusate to initate hatching did not increase the thermal sensitivity of encysted J2.
Modulation of long-term potentiation: Effects of adrenergic and neuroleptic drugs

Abstract A variety of drugs which either mimic or antagonize the effects of norepinephrine and dopamine were tested for their ability to modulate long-term potentiation (LPT) in the rat hippocampus in vitro. Neither administration of norepinephrine, amphetamine or adrenergic antagonists, nor pretreatment with reserpine or DSP4 (which selectively destroys noradrenergic afferents to the hippocampus) had any significant effect on the magnitude of LTP. Isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic receptor agonist, was able to partially block LTP, but this did not appear to be due to a direct action of isoproterenol on LTP. Neuroleptic drugs such as trifluoperazine were able to block LTP almost completely; however, this action was not stereospecific. Other dopamine antagonists such as sulpiride had no effect on LTP. The ability of neuroleptics to antagonize LTP was more closely related to their ability to block calmodulin than to their relative potencies as dopamine antagonists. It would appear that neither norepinephrine nor adrenergic antagonists influence the amount of LTP elicited by repetitive stimulation; however, drugs which have been shown to interfere with calmodulin-mediated cellular processes do antagonize this phenomenon.
Improved renal allograft survival in children treated with FK 506 (tacrolimus) rescue therapy

FK 506 has been reported to be effective in reversing acute renal allograft rejection that is resistant to steroids and to OKT3. The contribution of FK 506 “rescue” therapy to long-term graft survival has not been determined. We report 23 children transplanted between January 1993 and December 1994, 10 of whom received FK 506 “rescue” therapy. Acute rejection was reversed in 8 of 10, with 7 of the remaining grafts still functioning after a mean follow-up of 10.9±7.8 (SD) months (range 1 – 26 months). The actuarial 1-year graft survival rate was 86% compared with 66% for historical controls (P <0.05). We conclude that FK 506 may provide long-term benefits to children facing allograft loss due to acute rejection.
Light-induced electron transfer reactions and adenosine triphosphate formation by Rhodospirillum rubrum chromatophores

Abstract The photooxidation of reduced phenazine methosulfate (PMS) by chromatophores from Rhodospirillum rubrum in a terminal reaction with added ubiquinone as an electron acceptor is primarily a nonphosphorylating reaction. In the presence of reduced PMS (ubiquinone absent), chromatophores can also cycle electrons through a nonphosphorylating as well as a phosphorylating system. The photooxidation of reduced PMS is a monophasic, first-order reaction while the subsequent dark reduction of oxidized PMS by endogenous components of the chromatophores is biphasic and has kinetics consistent with two first-order reactions of different rate constants. Comparison of the rates of PMS turnover and ATP formation show a decreasing efficiency for PMS-stimulated photophosphorylation with increasing light intensity, indicating that more electrons cycle via the nonphosphorylating pathway at higher intensities. Changing the percentage of reduced PMS present in reaction mixtures from less than 10 to about 80 had little effect on the rate of PMS-stimulated cyclic photophosphorylation. The photooxidation of horse heart ferrocytochrome c by chromatophores has been coupled to the reduction of various quinones, including ubiquinones, plastoquinone, α-tocopheryl quinone, vitamine K 3 , and trimethyl- p -benzoquinone. Under anaerobic conditions these reactions are completely reversible in the dark. Oxidized ubiquinone-2, but not ubiquinone-6, was found to be a potent inhibitor of photophosphorylation. In the reduced form both ubiquinones behaved similarly, and show some inhibition with fresh preparations and stimulation with aged chromatophore fragments. An active reduced ubiquinone-cytochrome c reductase activity was demonstrated. This reaction was sensitive to antimycin A, but no associated ATP forming capacity was observed. ATP formation was not associated with the rapid photooxication of ferrocytochrome c with either oxygen or ubiquinone acting as the electron acceptor. Previously observed increases in ATP formation under these conditions can be explained by the role of reduced cytochrome c in stimulating cyclic photophosphorylation.