cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Unresolved Issues in the Study of Religion and the National Elite: Response to Greeley

Andrew Greeley's comments on my paper are welcome. The dialogue offers not only an exchange of perspectives, but also opportunity to examine critically some issues of importance in this line of research. Our views differ on the American income elite, partly for reasons of emphasis but also because of differing research objectives. Some clarification of this should help in understanding how we arrive at the conclusions we do. I have no misgivings about Greeley's argument about the achievements of the eastern and southern European immigrant groups in the United States. The economic advances and acculturation of these groups since 1945 are truly phenomenal-on virtually any indicator of status attainment in American society. Over the years Greeley has demonstrated in his work the extent to which these achievements are real and challenged social scientists to reconsider any notions about their inferior economic motivation, for reasons of religion or anything else. Much to his credit, the old debates about Protestant-Catholic differences in socioeconomic achievement have lost their zest, and new directions in research have developed that are more promising, such as ethnicity and religion, group assimilation, and composition of the national elite. Where I disagree with Greeley is his claim that the nation's income elite has changed so drastically in recent years, that now Irish, Italian, German, and Polish Catholics have surpassed Episcopalians and Presbyterians-the elite Protestant denominations-in income attainment. The claim is put forth without qualification in his Ethnicity, Denomination, and Inequality (70), and it was this that prompted my earlier analysis of the NORC data. His argument is less forthright in the present comment, but clearly Greeley's overriding concern is to show that Catholics have made it into the nation's income elite. Certainly I do not question the point about Catholics becoming a part of the income elite. The data on this are unmistakably clear and hardly warrant debate. Rather the more difficult questions to deal with are: To
Deterrent(s) in Jack Pine, Pinus banksiana, Influencing Larval Feeding Behavior and Survival of Neodiprion swainei and N. rugifrons,

Neodiprion swainei Middleton and N. rugifrons Middleton actively reject current season (juvenile) foliage of jack pine, Pinus banksiana Lamb., early in the growing season and their development is aberrant on an exclusively juvenile foliage diet. In bioassay, larval feeding was inhibited by extracts of juvenile foliage. Solvent extracts of higher polarity were most active as antifeedant(s). Antifeedant(s) also occur in mature foliage in lower concentrations. N. rugifrons was more sensitive to the antifeedant(s) than N. swainei. Other sawfly species were slightly deterred or not affected by juvenile foliage extracts: viz. N. nanulus nanulus Schedl, N. taedae linearis Ross, N. pratti paradoxicus Ross, and N. sertifer (Geoffroy). Larvae of N. swainei rejected young juvenile foliage even after it had been extracted in hexane. Bioassay of serial dilutions revealed that antifeedant activity was greatest in the aqueous fraction (AF) (following extraction) and the non-volatile fraction (following distillation) hexane extracts of juvenile foliage. Mature jack pine foliage sprayed with AF inhibited feeding, development, and survival of N. swainei and thus acted as a physiological inhibitor to larvae.
An Inductive and Capacitive Combined Wireless Power Transfer System With LC -Compensated Topology

This paper proposes a combined inductive and capacitive wireless power transfer (WPT) system with LC -compensated topology for electric vehicle charging application. The circuit topology is a combination of the LCC -compensated inductive power transfer (IPT) system and the LCLC -compensated capacitive power transfer (CPT) system. The working principle of the combined circuit topology is analyzed in detail, providing the relationship between the circuit parameters and the system power. The design of the inductive and capacitive coupling is implemented by the finite-element analysis. The equivalent circuit model of the coupling plates is derived. A 3.0-kW WPT system is designed and implemented as an example of combined inductive and capacitive coupling. The inductive coupler size is 300 mm × 300 mm and the capacitive coupler is 610 mm × 610 mm. The air-gap distance is 150 mm for both couplers. The output power of the combined system is the sum of the IPT and CPT system. The prototype has achieved 2.84-kW output power with 94.5% efficiency at 1-MHz switching frequency, and performs better under misalignment than the IPT System. This demonstrates that the inductive–capacitive combined WPT system is a potential solution to the electric vehicle charging application.
Contamination situation of seafood in Beihai City in 2011

[Objective]To understand the contamination situation of seafood in Beihai City.[Methods]90 seafood samples were collected from markets in Beihai City to detect the heavy metals(lead,inorganic arsenic,cadmium and total mercury),formaldehyde,food borne pathogens(Vibrio cholerae,Vibrio parahaemolyticus,Salmonella,Listeria monocytogenes,Vibrio vulnificus and Staphylococcus aureus).[Results]Among 90 samples,the qualified rate was 46.7%.The qualified rate of lead,inorganic arsenic,cadmium,total mercury,formaldehyde and food borne pathogens was respectively 93.3%,94.4%,65.6%,100.0%,94.4% and 80.0%.The detection rate of lead,inorganic arsenic,cadmium and total mercury was respectively 82.2%,54.4%,87.8% and 98.9%.Formaldehyde was found in dry shellfish products.A total of 18 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus were isolated from 90 samples.[Conclusion]It is found that there is different degree of heavy metal accumulation in seafood,which has potential threats to human health.The seafood polluted by pathogens is the high risk food of food borne disease.
Studies on the Polymorphism of PC-Gene and Its Relationship with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Chinese Population in Shenzhen Areas

Objective To investigate the K121Q polymorphism of membrane glycoprotein PC-1 gene,and its relationship with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Method Case control study was carried out among 509 subjects,including 214 patients with type 2 diabetes mellits and 295 controls with normal glucose tolerance.Genotypes of K121Q were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms(PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing.Result The frequencies of genotype in the patients and control groups were 80.68% and 91.12% for KK,and 19.32% and 8.88% for KQ.The genotype of QQ was not found.The allele frequencies in the patients and control group were 90.34% and 95.56% for K,and 9.66% and 4.44% for Q.The difference in the genotype frequency and allele frequency between the two groups was significant(P0.05).Results from the logistic regression analysis indicated that the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus was associated with the KQ genotype(P=0.034,OR=1.84,OR95% CI=1.05-3.24).Conclusion The K121Q polymorphism of PC-1 gene was correlated with type 2 diabetes mellitus.KQ genotype may be one of the risk factors.
The effect of thyroidectomy and thyroparathyroidectomy on the accretion of phosphorus into the skeleton of young goats.

Summary Thyroidectomised goats had significantly lower rates of phosphorus [P]accretion into the femur, ribs and vertebrum than intact control goats. The accretion rate was also lower in the tibia and metatarsal plus tarsals, but not significantly so. In thyroparathyroidectomised goats the accretion rate was, when compared with the controls, significantly lower for all bones, and in the vertebrum significantly lower also than the rate in the thyyroidectomised goats. It is suggested that the reduction in the accretion rate after thyroidectomy is due to a reduction in bone mineral turnover, while the more significant reduction after thyroparathyroidectomy may also be associated with a significantly lowered plasma calcium [Ca]×inorganic phosphorus [Pi]product.
Radical Wertheim hysterectomy

Twenty years ago we instituted our planned treatment of the extended Wertheim hysterectomy and bilateral lymphadenectomy followed by external radiation in an effort to improve the distressingly poor results in the treatment of carcinoma of the cervix. Our 5, 10, and 15 year survival rates establish the fact that we have of the cervix, International Stage I and Stage II, and 8 highly selected Stage III accomplished that endeavor. Two hundred and one unselected. invasive carcinomas patients who have been operated upon 5 or more years ago are reported upon with their respective survival rates. We particularly urge adoption of this method of treatment for Stage I and Stage II cases of invasive carcinoma of the cervical stump, adenocarcinoma of the cervix, and carcinoma of the cervix complicating pregnancy. In these particular types of cases, our results are nowhere paralleled.
Radiation Exposure to Patient and Urologist During Percutaneous Nephrostolithotomy

Radiation exposure to the patient and urologist was determined during 60 procedures for percutaneous removal of calculi from the upper collecting system. For male patients the average radiation dose at the surface of the testis was 160 mrem (1.6 mSv.). Surface dose to the female patient at the ovary level averaged 580 mrem (5.8 mSv.). Radiation doses to the small field or region of fluoroscopy on the skin surface anterior to the kidney averaged 25 rem (0.25 Sv.). Radiation exposure to the urologist at collar level averaged 10 mrem (0.1 mSv.) per case. Patient gonad doses from percutaneous nephrostolithotomy are similar to those from a 7-view excretory urogram. Patient surface exposures at the nephrostomy are comparable to skin doses from standard angiographic procedures. The exposure to the urologist is similar to that from other interventional fluoroscopic procedures and is within acceptable limits. Appropriate use of radiological technology and shielding can keep radiation exposures during percutaneous nephrostolithotomy within acceptable limits for patients and physicians.
Climate Feedback Variance and the Interaction of Aerosol Forcing and Feedbacks

AbstractAerosols can influence cloud radiative effects and, thus, may alter interpretation of how Earth’s radiative budget responds to climate forcing. Three different ensemble experiments from the same climate model with different greenhouse gas and aerosol scenarios are used to analyze the role of aerosols in climate feedbacks and their spread across initial condition ensembles of transient climate simulations. The standard deviation of global feedback parameters across ensemble members is low, typically 0.02 W m−2 K−1. Feedbacks from high (8.5 W m−2) and moderate (4.5 W m−2) year 2100 forcing cases are nearly identical. An aerosol kernel is introduced to remove effects of aerosol cloud interactions that alias into cloud feedbacks. Adjusted cloud feedbacks indicate an “aerosol feedback” resulting from changes to climate that increase sea-salt emissions, mostly in the Southern Ocean. Ensemble simulations also indicate higher tropical cloud feedbacks with higher aerosol loading. These effects contribute t...
“On African Cultures, Literatures and Languages” Interview with Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo

(2008). “On African Cultures, Literatures and Languages” Interview with Akachi Adimora-Ezeigbo. Journal of the African Literature Association: Vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 189-200.
To be young, Black, and living with breast cancer: a systematic review of health-related quality of life in young Black breast cancer survivors.

Purpose Compared with young White women, young Black women are more likely to present with aggressive breast cancer (BC) subtypes that are potentially linked to worse health-related quality of life (HRQOL); however, there is limited consensus regarding HRQOL needs among young Black BC survivors. Employing Ferrell’s framework on QOL in BC (i.e., physical, psychological, social, and spiritual well-being), we conducted a systematic review on HRQOL among Black BC survivors aged <50 years and proposed recommendations for advancing HRQOL research and care for this population.
Decoding speech using the timing of neural signal modulation

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) have great potential for applications that restore and assist communication for paralyzed individuals. Recently, BMIs decoding speech have gained considerable attention due to their potential for high information transfer rates. In this study, we propose a novel decoding approach based on hidden Markov models (HMMs) that uses the timing of neural signal changes to decode speech. We tested the decoder's performance by predicting vowels from electrocorticographic (ECoG) data of three human subjects. Our results show that timing-based features of ECoG signals are informative of vowel production and enable decoding accuracies significantly above the level of chance. This suggests that leveraging the temporal structure of neural activity to decode speech could play an important role towards developing highperformance, robust speech BMIs.
From Bench to Bedside: Hematopoietic Growth Factors (HGFs)- a Cause of Serious and Unanticipated Class Toxicities.

Abstract 4555 Introduction HGFs have vastly improved the management of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, but are associated with unexpected toxicities. Methods Toxicities associated with granulocyte, erythroid, and thrombopoietic growth factors were reviewed. Data sources included systematic reviews, clinical trials, guidelines, and materials disseminated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMEA), and Canada Health and their advisory committees; product labels and safety notifications disseminated by manufacturers; and utilization data. Data abstracted were thromboembolic complications, immune-mediated cytopenias, bone marrow toxicities, systematic and synergistic toxicities, and regulatory responses. Results Granulopoiesis agents Pulmonary infiltrates were associated with administration of HGFs with bleomycin or chest radiation. Increased myelodysplasia (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML) risks among chemotherapy (chemo)-treated breast cancer patients were reported. ESAs Increased mortality and tumor progression were seen when cancer patients received ESAs versus placebo; increased mortality and cardiovascular events were reported when chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients received ESAs targeted to complete anemia correction. Between 1998 and 2003, 191 CKD patients developed neutralizing antibodies and pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) following recombinant erythropoietin administration. Thrombopoietins (TPO) TPO receptor agonist administration is associated with bone marrow reticulin and collagen deposition. 3% of healthy volunteers who received repeated rHuMGDF developed neutralizing autoantibodies and severe thrombocytopenia. Conclusions While ESAs, granulopoietic factors, and thrombopoietins have important clinical benefits, they also retain the potential to exhibit serious and unanticipated toxicities. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
A Simulator-Based Analysis of Engineering Treatments for Right-Hook Bicycle Crashes at Signalized Intersections

A right-hook crash is a crash between a right-turning motor vehicle and an adjacent through-moving bicycle. At signalized intersections, these crashes can occur during any portion of the green interval when conflicting bicycles and vehicles are moving concurrently. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of four types of engineering countermeasures - regulatory signage, intersection pavement marking, smaller curb radius, and protected intersection design - at modifying driver behaviors that are known contributing factors in these crashes. This research focused on right-hook crashes that occur during the latter stage of the circular green indication at signalized intersections with a shared right-turn and through lane. Changes in driver performance in response to treatments were measured in a high-fidelity driving simulator. Twenty-eight participants each completed 22 right-turn maneuvers. A partially counterbalanced experimental design exposed drivers to critical scenarios, which had been determined in a previous experiment. For each turn, driver performance measures, including visual attention, crash avoidance, and potential crash severity, were collected. A total of 75 incidents (47 near-collisions and 28 collisions) were observed during the 616 right turns. All treatments had some positive effect on measured driver performance with respect to the right-turn vehicle conflicts. Further work is required to map the magnitude of these changes in driver performance to crash-based outcomes.
OP 31 The effect of ethnicity on the performance of protein-creatinine ratio in the prediction of significant proteinuria in pregnancies at risk of or with established hypertension – An implementation audit and cost implications

Background The replacement of 24-h urine collection by protein-creatinine ratio (PCR) as one of the diagnostic criteria for pre-eclampsia has been recently recommended. However, the literature is conflicting and there are concerns on the impact of demographic factors on the performance of PCR as a screening tool. Methods This was an implementation audit of the introduction of PCR in a London Tertiary obstetric unit. Women with suspected pre-eclampsia (N = 476) were asked to complete a 24-h urine collection and an untimed urine sample for PCR calculation. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess the independent predictors of significant proteinuria. Results In a pregnant population ethnicity and PCR are the main predictors of 300 mg or more of proteinuria in a 24-h urine collection. With a PCR cut-off of 30 mg/mmol, 41.4% and 22.9% of black and non-black women, respectively, would have been incorrectly classified as non-proteinuric. Sensitivity of 100% is achieved at cut-offs of 8.67 and 20.56 mg/mmol for black and non-black women, respectively. Applying these levels as a primary screening tool to inform for the need to perform a 24-h urine collection in 1000 women, it would lead to a financial saving of £2587 in non-black and to a loss of £2905 black women, respectively. Conclusions PCR has 100% sensitivity and is cost efficient in non-black pregnant women, at a cut-off of 20.5 mg/mmol, in the detection of more than 300 mg in a 24-h urine collection. However, in black pregnant populations the performance of PCR is both clinically and financially suboptimal. Download : Download high-res image (77KB) Download : Download full-size image Download : Download high-res image (133KB) Download : Download full-size image
Secondary data sources for health services research in urologic oncology.

Abstract Background Though secondary data analyses of large datasets may reduce logistical and financial barriers required to perform significant and innovative work, such research requires specialized skills in data handling and statistical techniques as well as thorough and detailed knowledge of the data sources being used. Objectives To provide an overview of several common types of secondary data, focusing on strengths, weaknesses and examples of how these data may be used for health services research. Results Secondary data comprise a broad and heterogeneous category. This review covers several large categories of such data with examples of their use and discussions about their strengths and weaknesses. Sources include administrative data, claims-based datasets, electronic health records health surveys, patient or disease or both registries, quality improvement initiatives, as well as data from existing trials. Linkages of different types of data may expand the scope of questions answerable using secondary data analysis. Specific strengths and weaknesses of each type of dataset are discussed along with examples from the recent urologic literature. Conclusions Choice of the appropriate data source should be tailored to the specific research question as well as the research resources and expertise available. Appropriate decisions about which data to use are the foundation for valid, high-impact research using secondary data.
Agri-environmental policies and Dutch dairy farmers' responses

This thesis focuses on analysing the Dutch dairy farmer behaviour in a changing political environment. The general objective of this research is to analyse the responses of Dutch dairy farmers in the situation of a changing agricultural and environmental policy context (i.e. changes in the subsidy payment system, milk quota abolishment and the reformed Dutch manure policy), thereby taking into account economic as well as non-economic factors. In order to study the research questions, yearly data (from the period 2001 to 2012) on various economic and non-economic variables were gathered. The analysis methods used are (the evaluation of) an economic simulation experiment, literature study and econometrics. Generally it is found that active Dutch dairy farmers, which are expected to continue farming in the future, followed an expansion strategy. Although the dairy farmers were facing different agricultural policy regulations, their farmer behaviour was almost consistent over the years.
Areas and Issues

The preceding 11 chapters have provided an extensive overview of areas in which social psychological perspectives may be useful in understanding, diagnosing, and treating emotional and behavioral problems. Although we have examined what we feel are central topics in social-dysgenic, social-diagnostic, and social-therapeutic psychology, other topics have not even been mentioned. In this brief concluding chapter, we draw the reader’s attention to those relevant topics that have not been discussed. We conclude with a discussion of professional issues that have emerged from recent interest in the area, adding a few remarks about the future of the interface.
Autologous bone marrow infusion as an adjunct in therapy of malignant disease.

1. Three patients with lymphosarcomatosis and two with disseminated Hodgkin’s disease were treated with massive doses (super-dosage) of nitrogen mustard (over 1.0 mg./Kg.) given intravenously, followed by the intravenous infusion of autologous bone marrow. 2. Two of the five patients succumbed to infection. The remaining three patients recovered within one month and experienced brief remissions. 3. It is suggested that this form of therapy merits further trial. Thus, it may be considered for use earlier in the course of the disease when there is a smaller total amount of tumor tissue, and thus a greater possibility for its complete eradication. Its use in other neoplastic disorders, as following operative procedures disclosing malignancy, is suggested.
Development of a small ultrasonic transducer for phased-array fabrication

This paper describes the development of a small, single-element transducer for use in a phased array. The array specification required one-wavelength radiators spaced at three-wavelength intervals. Since the array will be operated at a frequency of 2 MHz in water, the elements had to have an effective aperture of 0.030 inch and be spaced 0.090 inch center to center. Each transducer element also had to be replaceable on an individual basis and be electrically isolated and matched to the transmit/receive electronics. Fig. 1 shows the size scale of the 10- by-10 array, and details about transducer development are given in the following discussion.
Ultra High-Speed Superconductor System Design: Phase 2

A COOL system based on superconductor Rapid Single-Flux-Quantum (RSFQ) technology is being developed at SUNY (Stony Brook, USA) within the framework of the Hybrid Technology MultiThreaded architecture (HTMT) project. The objective of the second phase of the project is the design study of a petaflops scale computer. We have found that a 0.8-μm RSFQ technology would make possible the implementation of the COOL system with multithreaded SPELL processors with an average clock frequency approaching 100 GHz, a pipelined cryo-memory with a 30-ps cycle and 2 TB/s bandwidth per processor, and an inter-processor network with a peak bandwidth of more than 1,000 Petabytes/s. Preliminary results show that an RSFQ system with 4096 processors can achieve a petaflops-level performance with the overall power load of 1 kW at 4 Kelvin, while occupying a physical space as small as 0.6 m3.
The Balsam Woolly Adelgid in North America

The balsam woolly adelgid, also known as the balsam woolly aphid, is native to the silver fir (Abies alba) forests of central Europe. The insect was introduced into North America around 1900. Although European firs are not seriously affected by this adelgid, North American firs frequently experience either crown dieback or tree death, or both.
Human Spermatozoa and Interactions With Oxidative Stress

Abstract Low production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by spermatozoa is a physiological process essential for critical phases of spermiogenesis, sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, and sperm–oocyte interaction. Superoxide is the principal type of ROS generated in spermatozoa mainly by intracellular oxidases/peroxidases and leakage of mitochondrial electron from the electron transport chain. Defects in spermatozoa, mainly excessive cytoplasmic residue or activation of intrinsic apoptosis cascade, can substantially increase such production of ROS. There is a thin line of balance for ROS production in the life span of sperm. Though it serves as a key molecule in the physiological and pathological processes involving sperm dysfunction, many questions still need to be answered concerning the normal threshold levels of ROS and how to interpret its clinical impact on male infertility.
"It's a Feeling That One Is Not Worth Food": A Qualitative Study Exploring the Psychosocial Experience and Academic Consequences of Food Insecurity Among College Students.

Abstract Background The issue of food insecurity is one of growing concern among institutions of higher learning in the United States. In addition to studies on the prevalence and risk factors, research is needed to better understand the mechanisms by which food insecurity affects students' health and well-being. Objective To critically explore the experience of food insecurity among college students and its impact on psychosocial health and academic performance. Design In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with college students to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms by which food insecurity affects their psychosocial health and academic performance. Participants/setting Twenty-five undergraduate students from a large public university in California who were recruited from a campus food pantry. Results Students discussed several themes related to the psychosocial effects of food insecurity: the stress of food insecurity interfering with daily life, a fear of disappointing family, resentment of students in more stable food and financial situations, an inability to develop meaningful social relationships, sadness from reflecting on food insecurity, feeling hopeless or undeserving of help, and frustration directed at the academic institution for not providing enough support. Students also discussed how food insecurity affected their academic performance through physical manifestations of hunger and the mental trade-off between focusing on food and focusing on academics. Conclusion These findings contribute to the understanding of what it means to experience food insecurity in higher education and can inform how universities support students’ basic needs.
A study of ecologically unequal exchange for 89 countries between 1990 and 2015

This study aims to understand the uneven distribution of CO2 emissions between high-income countries (HICs) and middle and low-income countries (MLICs). In this paper, I expand on previous research...
(2017). Data Analysis with Small Samples and Non-Normal Data: Nonparametrics and Other Strategies.

Although social workers are widely regarded as “people people,” during our training we are required to study a bit of mathematics. This typically comes up in the statistics courses we have to take....
Use of Response Surface Methodology To Develop and Optimize the Composition of a Chitosan-Polyethyleneimine-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Membrane Coating To More Effectively Remove Cr(VI) and Cu(II) from Water.

Response surface methodology was successfully used to optimize the amounts of chitosan (CS), polyethyleneimine (PEI), graphene oxide (GO), and glutaraldehyde (GLA) to produce a multifunctional nano...
The Pendulum: A Granddaughter‘s Search for Her Family–s Forbidden Nazi Past. By Julie Lindahl. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2018. Pp. xiv, 241. $24.95.)

“If I looked back would I, like Lot's wife, turn into a pillar of salt? Would I become brittle and crumble at the sight of devastation as I looked over my shoulder?” (ix). This was Julie Lindahl's ...
Bursting bubbles for better bioavailability

An effervescent formulation increases the oral bioavailability of hard-to-solubilize hydrophobic and hydrophilic chemotherapeutics.
COVID-19 Impact on Stroke Presentations.

Abstract Background As Covid-19 evolved into a world-wide pandemic, hospitals reported marked declines in strokes, only to be followed by reports of increased numbers of young people presenting with large-vessel occlusions. We reviewed our patient data-base to determine if similar or other novel trends were present. Results Our Thrombectomy Stroke Center experienced marked declines in ED visits from 2,349 in early March to 1,178 in late April, stroke alerts dropped from 34 to 14 during the same period. Average monthly stroke admissions dropped from 34 in 2019 to 23 in 2020. Nonetheless, in March, we had 12 patients eligible for tPA, which is twice the typical caseload and was unexpected given the low overall stroke presentations. Although the neurointervention caseload was low, the patients were significantly younger. Of the acute intervention patients in March, 5 of the 12 patients were ≤ 60 years old, and two were in their 30’s. These trends are similar to those reported elsewhere but were highly unusual for our center as our catchment area is predominantly Caucasian with 34 % of the population > 65 years of age. Conclusions Even in low risk centers Covid-19 will likely impart unique stroke presentations. It will be imperative to determine the mechanisms responsible for these changes so we can institute effective strategies for optimal stroke prevention as well as maintain timely acute interventions.
A Process-Variation Robust RRAM-Compatible CMOS Neuron for Neuromorphic System-on-a-Chip

Emerging nonvolatile memory (NVM) devices are being intensely researched to realize energy-sustainable hardware for Edge-Artificial Intelligence applications. Mixed-Signal neuromorphic computing paradigm aims to leverage these NVMs to perform artificial neural network (ANN) computations inside high-density memory arrays in analog domain resulting in significant energy efficiency gain over digital realizations. While the challenges of variability, resolution, retention, and endurance of RRAM devices are being addressed, only meagre attention has been paid to the active neuron circuits that drive the memory arrays. While a CMOS neuron needs to drive a large fan-out of resistive devices with very low quiescent current, CMOS process variability can affect the overall neural network performance. In this work, the effects of process-induced variations are analyzed for RRAM-compatible CMOS neurons and a novel design is presented to mitigate these effects and allow low-power inference.
On the structure of a poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ group

In this paper we study a certain class of polycyclic groups. We outline a method for constructing a poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ group $G_n$ by describing a process for selecting maps that are used to extend $G_i$ to $G_{i+1}$ for $1 \leq i \leq n-1$ and describe the multiplicative structure and automorphism groups of some poly-$\mathbb{Z}$ groups up to $G_3$.
Reducing Reporting Burden of Healthcare Data Using Robust Principal Component Analysis

The US government imposes reporting requirements on healthcare providers as health metrics are important for assessing and improving the US healthcare system. However, proposed health metrics requirements can be unnecessarily burdensome if the preliminary analysis does not consider possible redundancies between the various metrics. Accordingly, if some subset of the proposed metrics could be demonstrated to contain nearly all the information of the full set of metrics, then the reporting burden could be substantially lightened with minimum impact. However, such an analysis is complicated by anomalies in the collected metrics. Accordingly, we propose a machine learning approach which simultaneously identifies redundancies in collected healthcare metrics and identifies anomalies in those collected metrics.
Fast genetic mapping using insertion-deletion polymorphisms in Caenorhabditis elegans

Genetic mapping is used in forward genetics to narrow the list of candidate mutations and genes corresponding to the mutant phenotype of interest. Even with modern advances in biology such as efficient identification of candidate mutations by whole-genome sequencing, mapping remains critical in pinpointing the responsible mutation. Here we describe a simple, fast, and affordable mapping toolkit that is particularly suitable for mapping in Caenorhabditis elegans. This mapping method uses insertion-deletion polymorphisms or indels that could be easily detected instead of single nucleotide polymorphisms in commonly used Hawaiian CB4856 mapping strain. The materials and methods were optimized so that mapping could be performed using tiny amount of genetic material without growing many large populations of mutants for DNA purification. We performed mapping of previously known and unknown mutations to show strengths and weaknesses of this method and to present examples of completed mapping. For situations where Hawaiian CB4856 is unsuitable, we provide an annotated list of indels as a basis for fast and easy mapping using other wild isolates. Finally, we provide rationale for using this mapping method over other alternatives as a part of a comprehensive strategy also involving whole-genome sequencing and other methods.
Sex-specific recombination patterns predict parent of origin for recurrent genomic disorders.

Structural rearrangements of the genome, which generally occur during meiosis and result in large-scale (> 1 kb) copy number variants (CNV; deletions or duplications ≥ 1 kb), underlie genomic disorders. Recurrent pathogenic CNVs harbor similar breakpoints in multiple unrelated individuals and are primarily formed via non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR). Several pathogenic NAHR-mediated recurrent CNV loci demonstrate biases for parental origin of de novo CNVs. However, the mechanism underlying these biases is not well understood. We performed a systematic, comprehensive literature search to curate parent of origin data for multiple pathogenic CNV loci. Using a regression framework, we assessed the relationship between parental CNV origin and the male to female recombination rate ratio. We demonstrate significant association between sex-specific differences in meiotic recombination and parental origin biases at these loci (p = 1.07 × 10–14). Our results suggest that parental origin of CNVs is largely influenced by sex-specific recombination rates and highlight the need to consider these differences when investigating mechanisms that cause structural variation.
Competitive Prices in Large Markets with Private Information

Siga and Mihm (2020) characterize the information environments where prices can aggregate information in a competitive auction market with an atomless population of traders. In this paper, we provide an explicit model of the large population where implications of the law of large numbers for aggregate demand and prices can be formally derived, and also show how the characterization result for a large market can be approximated with a sequence finite markets as the population size grows.
Meiosis in Maize: mei Genes and Conception of Genetic Control of Meiosis

Publisher Summary This chapter explores that, in today's time, biotechnology and genetic engineering, which provides great possibilities for the construction of new plant and animal genotypes, meiosis should be in the forefront of biological investigations. In addition to “canonical meiosis,” as characterized for maize and other organisms, variations of meiosis have been observed among virtually all sexually reproducing organisms. Moreover, the various types of meiotic processes are interesting in several aspects: In understanding different modes of meiotic division; in the possibilities of several variants of meiosis existing, as a result of fixation of meiotic mutations in the evolutionary process; and in the opportunity for predicting the existence of new types of mei mutants. This, chapter illustrates that all these characters can be used successfully for applied genetic programs. The ability of the elongate mei mutants of maize to produce unreduced egg cells was used to provide tetraploid maize. Finally, the mei mutants may play a significant role in the creation of a polyploid series of chromosomal sets in the evolution of angiosperms, because they are not only donors of unreduced gametes, but are also testers for the unreduced gametes; and they have the ability to give fertile progeny in cases of fertilization of egg cells with unreduced pollen cells.
An elastic wave scattering problem relating to the rapid movement of a fracture in a plate: Part I-Theory

We consider the problem of a semiinfinite through crack in an elastic plate, which starts suddenly under the application of a step load (mode-I). As the crack propagates, microfractures grow rapidly at a small distance ahead of the tip, releasing pressure pulses. This process of microfracture nucleation, pulse emission and subsequent coalescence with the main fracture front continues to occur during crack motion. We crudely simulate this process by employing a single point dilatational source that is situated ahead of the crack tip and moves in unison with it, emitting pulses periodically. The total wavefield is then due to the effect of this point source, as well as the scattering of the pulses by the crack front. We model this elastodynamic problem under the plane stress assumption. A closed form solution is developed for the in-plane displacements of the crack faces due to the scattered field. The surface wave contribution can be pulled out separately and is expected to be significant. In particular, the results are cast into a form that is readily amenable to numerical analysis. We will be presenting the numerical results in Part II of this two part paper.
The information content of X-ray CT images and its application in image analysis

The performance of image analysis depends on the quality of the image. A good image-quality criterion is the theoretical information content (IC) defined by C.E. Shannon. Shannon's formula is valid on some preconditions. The authors validate the use of these conditions for X-ray computed-tomography (CT) images. The definitions of IC (region-based and image-based) for a single image and for image series are given, and the corresponding formulas are derived. The applications of IC and its formula in image analysis are also demonstrated. >
Robust parallel computation in floating-point and SLI arithmetic

In this paper we consider the parallel computation of vector norms and inner products in floating-point and a proposed new form of computer arithmetic, the symmetric level-index system. The vector norms provide an illuminating example of the contrast between the two arithmetic systems under discussion in terms of the ability to program for (complete) robustness and parallelizability. The conflict between robustness of the computation—in the sense of the dual requirements of accuracy and freedom from overflow and underflow—and easy parallelization of the algorithms within a floating-point environment is made plain. It is seen that this conflict disappears if the symmetric level-index system of arithmetic is used. The freedom from overflow and underflow offered by this system allows the programming of the straightforward definitions in a way which is simple, robust and immediately parallelizable. Numerical results are given to illustrate the fact that the symmetric level-index system yields results of comparable accuracy to those of floating-point in cases where the latter system works and still yields results of high accuracy when the floating-point system fails altogether.
Sphingolipid-dependent protein kinases.

Publisher Summary This chapter summarizes the role of Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) in cellular membranes as modulators of transmembrane signaling—that is, how GSLs and sphingolipids (SLs) modulate transmembrane signaling. The other role is of mediators of cell-cell or cell-substratum interaction. GSLs presumably have some essential function in maintenance of not only cell social activity but also cell growth, cell cycle, cell proliferation, and cell death, as indicated by numerous cell biological studies during the past few years. The possible function of GSLs has been evaluated as modulators of transmembrane signal transduction through tyrosine kinases associated with growth factor receptors or insulin receptors, protein kinase C (PKC), and integrin receptors that mediate cell adhesion as well as signal transduction. A crucial mechanism for explaining how growth factor binding to receptors creates a signal in the form of tyrosine phosphorylation has been suggested by researchers. They postulated that receptor-receptor interaction occurs when growth factor binds to the cell surface binding site of receptor. GM3-dependent inhibition of tyrosine kinase may inhibit receptor–receptor interaction. EGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation decreases in both monomeric and dimeric recep- tors upon addition of GM3. The quantity of monomeric and dimeric forms of the EGF receptor is unchanged upon addition of GM3.
Placement of implant in close proximity to supernumerary tooth

Supernumerary teeth are additional teeth that appear in the maxillary and mandibular arches in addition to the normal set of teeth. The exact cause of the occurrence of supernumerary teeth is unclear, but it is hypothesized to be a result from atavism (the reversion to a primitive dentition), proliferation of remnants of the dental lamina or dichotomy theory, in which the tooth bud is split into two equal or unequal parts: Resulting in two teeth of equal or unequal size. Many complications can be associated with the presence of supernumerary teeth such as crowding, tooth displacement, impaction, delayed eruption of adjacent teeth, esthetic problems, root resorption of adjacent teeth, and the possibility of formation of dentigerous cyst with advanced bone destruction. Management of supernumerary teeth depends on the area and on the presence of pathologic processes around the impacted teeth. Placement of the dental implant to restore an edentulous space requires the presence of adequate amount of bone. Inadequate amount of remaining alveolar bone adversely affects the long-term success of implant placement. In this present study, we report the management of impacted supernumerary central incisor and placement of the dental implant to restore the edentulous space. The patient was not aware of the presence of the impacted supernumerary tooth and reported the loss of his central incisor due to trauma. A multidisciplinary treatment approach was planned including the surgical removal of the supernumerary tooth, bone grafting of the defect, and temporization of the edentulous space. Implant placement was performed after the proper time of healing and the treatment resulted in an esthetically and functionally pleasant outcome.
Should Men Take Prenatal Vitamins

Congenital abnormalities are the leading cause of infant mortalities in the United States (25%) and across the world [1]. Public health interventions have included reducing maternal disease, prenatal care of mothers, reduction of exposure to teratogens (agent that can disturb the development of an embryo or fetus), and nutritional interventions [2]. Potentially the most significant nutritional intervention has been the prenatal supplementation of folate, which has been shown to reduce the incidence of neural tube defects [3], limb malformations, urogenital abnormalities, cardiovascular malformations [4], and cleft lip or palate [5].
Phosphoproteome Analysis of Fission Yeast

Phosphorylation is a key regulator of many events in eukaryotic cells. The acquisition of large-scale phosphorylation data sets from model organisms can pinpoint conserved regulatory inputs and reveal kinase-substrate relationships. Here, we provide the first large-scale phosphorylation analysis of the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Protein from thiabendazole-treated cells was separated by preparative SDS-PAGE and digested with trypsin. The resulting peptides were subjected to either IMAC or TiO2 phosphopeptide enrichment methods and then analyzed by LC-MS/MS using an LTQ-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. In total, 2887 distinct phosphorylation sites were identified from 1194 proteins with an estimated false-discovery rate of <0.5% at the peptide level. A comparison of the two different enrichment methods is presented, supporting the finding that they are complementary. Finally, phosphorylation sites were examined for phosphorylation-specific motifs and evolutionary conservation. These analyses revealed both motifs and specific phosphorylation events identified in S. pombe were conserved and predicted novel phosphorylation in mammals.
Cystic artery pseudoaneurysm: A rare cause of hemobilia

Gallstone-induced cystic artery pseudoaneurysm is a rarely encountered cause of hemobilia. A few reports have appeared in the radiologic literature. We report such a case as a reminder of its uncommon occurrence.
The detection of mitotic and meiotic aneuploidy in yeast using a gene dosage selection system.

A system is described in which spontaneous and chemically-induced mitotic and meiotic hyperploidy can be assayed in the same diploid culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Monitoring gene dosage changes at two loci on chromosome VIII, the test utilizes a leaky temperature-sensitive allele arg4-8 and low level copper resistance conferred by the single copy allele cup1s. An extra chromosome VIII provides simultaneous increased dosage for both genes, resulting in colonies that are both prototrophic for arginine at 30° C and copper resistant. During mitotic cell divisions in diploids, spontaneous chromosome VIII hyperploids (trisomes and tetrasomes) occur at a frequency of 6.4×10-6 per viable cell. Among ascospores, the spontaneous chromosome VIII disome frequency is 5.5×10-6 per viable spore. The tubulin-binding reagent methyl benzimidazol-2-yl carbamate (MBC) elicits enhanced levels of mitotic and meiotic aneuploidy relative to control levels. The system represents a novel model for examining chromosome behavior during mitosis and meiosis and provides a sensitive and quantifiable procedure for examining chemically induced aneuploidy.
The demand for nonrelative child care among families with infants and toddlers: A double-hurdle approach

Despite the increasing prevalence of nonparental child care, many parents in the United States care exclusively for their young children, even when both parents work. We examine reasons for non-consumption of child care by estimating double-hurdle, tobit and dominance models of the demand for nonrelative child care. Our results indicate that parents' decision whether to use any nonrelative child care is guided by different considerations than the decision of how much care to use. Furthermore, our findings are consistent with the hypothesis that some parents are not interested in nonrelative care, regardless of its price or nonmaternal income.