cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Could Poor Parental Recall of HPV Vaccination Contribute to Low Vaccination Rates

Introduction. Rates of initiation and completion of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series remain below national goals. Because parents are responsible for ensuring vaccination of their children, we examined the accuracy of parental recall of the number of shots their daughters received. Methods. Parents/guardians of girls aged 11 to 17 years were asked to recall the number of HPV doses received by their daughters. Dose number was confirmed using provider-verified medical records. Logistic regression assessed variables associated with correct recall. Results. A total of 79 (63%) parents/guardians correctly identified the number of shots their daughters received. Ninety-one (73%) were aware of whether their daughter started the series at all. The only factor significantly associated with accurate recall in logistic regression models was female gender of parent/guardian. Conclusion. Nearly 40% of parents/guardians inaccurately recalled the number of HPV shots their children received, which may contri...
Focus Group Interviews: Exploratory Research in Introductory Marketing Classes:

Involving marketing students in a focus group interview is an exciting way to introduce them to exploratory market research. In this article, the authors provide step-by-step procedures and a “script” that helps instructors organize the focus group and use it as a basis for short- and long-term projects.
HSP70 induction during exercise and heat stress in rats: role of internal temperature

The purpose of this study was to determine if the accumulation of the 72-kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is elevated in response to a prolonged bout of submaximal exercise in which colonic temperature (Tco) remained at control levels. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to one of four testing groups [n = 8 per group; ambient temperatures (Ta) for each condition are included]: 1) control (cool/rest; Ta = 24 degrees C); 2) cool and exercise (cool/exercise; Ta = 14 degrees C); 3) nonexertional heating (heat/rest; Ta = 42 degrees C); 4) heat and exercise (heat/exercise; Ta = 32 degrees C). All interventions were approximately 60 min in duration. An exercise bout consisted of treadmill running at 17 m/min and 0% grade, while the heat/rest and heat/exercise experiments consisted of heat exposure that was terminated when Tco reached 41 degrees C. Baseline Tco was similar for all four groups. In the cool/rest and cool/exercise groups, final Tco was not different from the baseline values, nor was it different between these two groups. In the heat/rest and heat/exercise groups, heating rates were similar. Tissue samples were obtained from the gastrocnemius, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles of the left hindlimb and the left ventricle 30 min after a trial was completed. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specific for HSP70 was used to directly quantitate absolute levels of HSP70 in tissues. There were significant main effects of both heating and exercise for HSP70 levels in the gastrocnemius, soleus, and left ventricle (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Effect of iron bioavailability on dissolved hydrogen concentrations during microbial iron reduction

Dissolved hydrogen (H2) concentrations have been shown to correlate with specific terminal electron accepting processes (TEAPs) in aquifers. The research presented herein examined the effect of iron bioavailability on H2 concentrations during iron reduction in flow-through column experiments filled with soil obtained from the uncontaminated background area of the Field Research Center (FRC), Oak Ridge, TN and amended with acetate as the electron donor. The first column experiment measured H2 concentrations over 500 days of column operation that fluctuated within a substantial range around an average of 3.9 nM. Iron reduction was determined to be the dominant electron accepting process. AQDS (9,10-anthraquinone-2,6-disulfonic acid) was then used to determine if H2 concentrations during iron reduction were related to iron bioavailability. For this purpose, a 100-day flow-through column experiment was conducted that compared the effect of AQDS on iron reduction and subsequent H2 concentrations using two columns in parallel. Both columns were packed with FRC soil and inoculated with Geobacter sulfurreducens but only one was supplied with AQDS. The addition of AQDS increased the rate of iron reduction in the flow-through column and slightly decreased the steady-state H2 concentrations from an average of 4.0 nM for the column without AQDS to 2.0 nM for the column with AQDS. The results of this study therefore show that H2 can be used as an indicator to monitor rate and bioavailability changes during microbial iron reduction.
Fuzzy codes and distance properties

Abstract A fuzzy code is defined as a fuzzy subset of n-tuples over a set F. An analysis of the Hamming distance between two fuzzy codewords and the error-correcting capability of a regular code in terms of its corresponding fuzzy code is presented.
Solid-Phase Microextraction and the Human Fecal VOC Metabolome

The diagnostic potential and health implications of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in human feces has begun to receive considerable attention. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (SPME) has greatly facilitated the isolation and analysis of VOCs from human feces. Pioneering human fecal VOC metabolomic investigations have utilized a single SPME fiber type for analyte extraction and analysis. However, we hypothesized that the multifarious nature of metabolites present in human feces dictates the use of several diverse SPME fiber coatings for more comprehensive metabolomic coverage. We report here an evaluation of eight different commercially available SPME fibers, in combination with both GC-MS and GC-FID, and identify the 50/30 µm CAR-DVB-PDMS, 85 µm CAR-PDMS, 65 µm DVB-PDMS, 7 µm PDMS, and 60 µm PEG SPME fibers as a minimal set of fibers appropriate for human fecal VOC metabolomics, collectively isolating approximately 90% of the total metabolites obtained when using all eight fibers. We also evaluate the effect of extraction duration on metabolite isolation and illustrate that ex vivo enteric microbial fermentation has no effect on metabolite composition during prolonged extractions if the SPME is performed as described herein.
On-line processing of social stereotypes during spoken language comprehension.

Abstract. Four experiments investigated stereotype processing during the on-line comprehension of spoken sentences. Participants listened to a critical prime (terrorist) embedded in a sentence and then made lexical decisions to visually presented standard-related (bomb) or stereotype-related targets (Arab) or unrelated controls for both conditions. For Experiments 1A and 1B, the preceding context provided no contextual information about the critical prime. Targets were presented at prime offset (Experiment 1A) or 300 ms after prime offset (Experiment 1B). In Experiments 2A and 2B, the preceding context was biased towards the stereotype meaning of the critical prime. Visual targets were presented at prime offset (Experiment 2A) or 300 ms after prime offset (Experiment 2B). Experiment 1A revealed a priming effect, but only for the standard meaning (i.e., bomb) of the critical prime. This effect was further replicated in Experiments 1B, 2A and 2B; however, for these experiments, unlike Experiment 1A, the res...
Laboratory Colonization of the Blow Flies, Chrysomya megacephala (Diptera: Calliphoridae) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)

Chrysomya megacephala (F.) and Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) were colonized so that larval growth rates could be compared. Colonies were also established to provide insight into the protein needs of adult C. rufifacies and developmental rates of the ensuing larvae. The C. megacephala and C. rufifacies laboratory colonies were reared for five and six generations, respectively, at 28°C. C. megacephala developmental mean rate from egg to adult was 20.4 ± 0.38 d. First-instar larvae emerge in 1.4 ± 0.24 d, second-instar larvae develop in 2.6 ± 0.38 d and third instars occur at 6.3 ± 0.72 d. Development from egg to pupation occurred in 12 ± 1.10 d. C. rufifacies developed at a mean rate of 16.2 ± 0.78 d from egg to adult emergence. Each stage occurred in succession from first-instar larvae 1.1 ± 0.25 d, second-instar larvae developed 2.3 ± 0.25 d later, and the third-instar larvae developed 5.7 ± 0.41 d later. The larvae pupated 10.0 ± 0.57 d after oviposition. Both of these flies can be collected in the wild and easily colonized using conditioned chicken as an oviposition and larval medium. C. megacephala apparently prefers a lower development and maintenance temperature than C. rufifacies, as evidenced by the high pupal mortality. Laboratory-reared C. rufifacies benefited from bloodmeal as a protein supplement to enhance egg production. C. rufifacies larvae were not observed preying on each other and additional larval species were not provided to serve as prey.
Preventing hemorrhage in high-risk hemodialysis: Regional versus low-dose heparin

Preventing hemorrhage in high-risk hemodialysis: Regional versus low-dose heparin. Hemodialysis in patients with increased risk for hemorrhage can be accomplished with either a regional or a low, total dose of heparin. In a prospective study of 69 series of dialyses performed on an alternating schedule of heparinization for each patient, bleeding complications during and immediately following dialysis occurred in 23 of 122 dialyses (19%) with regional heparin compared to 13 of 133 dialyses (10%) with low-dose heparin (P Prevention de l'hemorragie au cours de l'hemodialyse a haut risque: Heparinisation regionale ou heparinisation a faibles doses. L'hemodialyse des malades dont le risque hemorragique est eleve peut etre realisee soit avec une heparinisation regionale soit avec une dose totale faible d'heparine. Au cours d'une etude prospective portant sur 69 series de dialyses realisees selon un protocole ou les modes d'heparinisation etaient alternes chez chaque malade, les complications hemorragiques au cours et au decours immediat de la dialyse ont ete observees dans 23 dialyses sur 122 (19%) conduites avec une heparinisation regionale et 13 dialyses sur 133 (10%) realisees avec une faible dose d'heparine (P
Liposomal Amphotericin B Interferes with the Phosphorus Assay on the Synchron LX 20 Analyzer

We report an interference caused by liposomal amphotericin B (AmBisome, Astellas Pharma) in the Synchron LX 20 (Beckman Coulter) phosphorus assay (PHOSm). Two inpatients treated with liposomal amphotericin B for invasive mucormycosis were noted to have significantly increased serum phosphorus concentrations. Serum phosphorus values from patient A ranged from 0.9 mmol/L to 3.1 mmol/L compared with pretreatment values of 0.7 to 0.9 mmol/L (reference interval, 0.8–1.5 mmol/L). Patient B was transferred to our institution after 23 days of amphotericin treatment and had phosphorus values ranging from 1.4 to 3.9 mmol/L. Both patients had slightly increased but stable serum creatinine concentrations (53.0–185.6 μmol/L) and did not exhibit symptoms of hyperphosphatemia. One attending physician suspected a possible interference in the phosphorus assay and contacted the clinical laboratory to initiate investigation. In contrast to the markedly increased phosphorus values from the Synchron LX20 analyzer, the …
Cavitation in a Uniaxially deformed Superplastic Al-Mg Alloy

Cavitation caused by superplastic straining of a fine-grained Al-Mg-Mn-Cu alloy under uniaxial tension has been systematically evaluated. Tensile tests were conducted in the strain-rate range of 10−4s−1 to 10−2s−1 and in the temperature range of 450°C to 550°C. Measurements of the number and size of cavities were made by image analysis through optical microscopy on tested specimens. With increasing imposed strain, the cavity population density increases. Cavity growth has been found to be primarily due to the plastic deformation of the matrix. These results are characterized by the total volume fraction of cavities which is found to increase exponentially with strain. However, the dependencies of cavity volume fraction on strain-rate and temperature are not straightforward and the notion of just a few large cavities controlling the total cavity volume is not always true. Attempts to explain these complex dependencies have been carried out based on the concepts of debonding between the matrix and non-deformable particles, the continuous nucleation of new cavities, and plasticity-based cavity growth for large cavities.
A single domain of the replication termination protein of Bacillus subtilis is involved in arresting both DnaB helicase and RNA polymerase.

Abstract The current models that have been proposed to explain the mechanism of replication termination are (i) passive arrest of a replication fork by the terminus (Ter) DNA-terminator protein complex that impedes the replication fork and the replicative helicase in a polar fashion and (ii) an active barrier model in which the Ter-terminator protein complex arrests a fork not only by DNA-protein interaction but also by mechanistically significant terminator protein-helicase interaction. Despite the existence of some evidence supporting in vitro interaction between the replication terminator protein (RTP) and DnaB helicase, there has been continuing debate in the literature questioning the validity of the protein-protein interaction model. The objective of the present work was two-fold: (i) to reexamine the question of RTP-DnaB interaction by additional techniques and different mutant forms of RTP, and (ii) to investigate if a common domain of RTP is involved in the arrest of both helicase and RNA polymerase. The results validate and confirm the RTP-DnaB interaction in vitro and suggest a critical role for this interaction in replication fork arrest. The results also show that the Tyr33 residue of RTP plays a critical role both in the arrest of helicase and RNA polymerase.
UNDERSTANDING ONE'S CLIENTS: AN ATTEMPT TO IMPROVE SENSITIVITY AND MORALE IN POLICE RECRUITS

Recognizing that effective police work demands sensitivity to human behavior and motivation, the importance of police selection and training procedures as they affect human interactional skills bec...
Apoptosis of estrogen‐receptor negative breast cancer and colon cancer cell lines by PTPα and src RNAi

We show that siRNA-mediated suppression of protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTPα) reduces Src activity 2 to 4-fold in breast, colon and other human cancer cell lines. Src and PTPα RNAi induced apoptosis in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer and colon cancer cells, but not in immortalized noncancerous breast cells, ER-positive breast cancer cells or other cancer cell types tested. RNAi of other Src family members (Fyn and Yes) or of PTP1B, a phosphatase previously suggested to be an activator of Src in breast cancer, had no effect. Although further tests with primary tumor tissues are required, the unexpected correlation between ER status and Src/PTPα dependence in breast cancer cell lines may be important for planning therapeutic strategies, and the insensitivity of normal breast cells to the RNAi highlights the potential of PTPα, which may be easier to target than Src, as a therapeutic target in ER-negative breast cancer. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Assessing the monophyly of polyploid Gossypium species

The origin and monophyly of the polyploid cotton (Gossypium) species has been largely accepted, despite the lack of explicit phylogenetic evidence. Recent studies in other polyploid systems have demonstrated that multiple origins for polyploid species are much more common than once thought, raising the possibility that Gossypium polyploids also had multiple origins, as postulated by some authors. To test the monophyly of polyploid cotton, we sequenced a 2.8-kb intergenic region from all diploid species belonging to the genome groups from which the polyploid originates. The resulting phylogenetic analyses strongly support a single origin of polyploid cotton involving a D-genome ancestor related to Gossypium raimondii and an A-genome ancestor that was sister to both extant A-genome species.
Vesiculation of mafic magma during replenishment of silicic magma reservoirs

Mafic inclusions are lower in bulk density than the andesitic and dacitic lavas in which they occur, and apparently represent a foam inflated during rapid cooling of wet mafic magma in contact with cooler, more silicic reservoir magma. This process occurs as mafic magma enters the base of the reservoir, so that the mafic/silicic interface becomes unstable in Rayleigh–Taylor fashion. Mixing in these reservoirs thus depends on water content of mafic magma and pressure.
The maximum standardized uptake values on positron emission tomography of a non-small cell lung cancer predict stage, recurrence, and survival.

Objective We sought to assess whether the standard uptake value of a pulmonary nodule is an independent predictor of biologic aggressiveness. Methods This is a retrospective review of a prospective database of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Patients had dedicated positron emission tomography scanning with F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose, with the maximum standard uptake value measured. All suspicious nodal and systemic locations on computed tomographic and positron emission tomographic scanning underwent biopsy, and when indicated, resection with complete lymphadenectomy was performed. Results There were 315 patients. Multivariate analysis showed patients with a high maximum standard uptake value (≥10) were more likely to have poorly differentiated tumors (risk ratio, 1.5; P = .005) and advanced stage (risk ratio, 1.9; P = .010) and were less likely to have their disease completely resected (risk ratio, 3.7; P = .004). Maximum standard uptake value was the best predictor of disease-free survival (hazard ratio, 2.5; P = .039) and survival (hazard ratio, 2.8; P = .001). Stage-specific analysis showed that patients with stage IB and stage II disease with a maximum standard uptake value of greater than the median for their respective stages had a lower disease-free survival at 4 years ( P = .005 and .044). The actual 4-year survival for patients with stage Ib non–small cell lung cancer was 80% versus 66% ( P = .048), for stage II disease it was 64% versus 32% ( P = .028), and for stage IIIa disease it was 64% versus 16% ( P = .012) for the low and high maximum standard uptake value groups, respectively. Conclusions The maximum standard uptake value of a non-small cell lung cancer nodule on dedicated positron emission tomography is an independent predictor of stage and tumor characteristics. It is a more powerful independent predictor than the TNM stage for recurrence and survival for patients with early-stage resected cancer. This information might help guide treatment strategies.
K-shell ionization of B, O, and F by 0.4-2.0-MeV He+ ions.

Absolute {ital K}-shell ionization cross sections of B, O, and F have been obtained for incident He{sup +} ion energies of 0.4{endash}2.0 MeV in steps of 0.2 MeV. These ionization cross sections were obtained from Auger-electron yields measured for atomic boron in BF{sub 3}; for atomic oxygen in CO, CO{sub 2}, and O{sub 2}; and for atomic fluorine in C{sub 2}H{sub 2}F{sub 2}, C{sub 2}F{sub 6}, and C{sub 4}F{sub 8}. For F-containing molecules, the {ital K}-shell ionization cross sections per atom are found, both in this laboratory and at other laboratories, to decrease as the number of F atoms in the molecule increases. The experimental {ital K}-shell ionization cross sections are compared to existing experimental {ital K}-shell ionization cross sections as well as to various theoretical predictions. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
Single-Molecule Profiling of Ribosome Recoding Phenomena

Messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence is central to translational control, with special sequences and secondary structures regulating translational dynamics. Shine-Dalgarno sequences, mRNA hairpins and pseudoknots, as well as nascent peptide-ribosome interactions, are known to pause or stall the ribosome. These stimulatory elements may lead to kinetic branchpoints during elongation and induce recoding events, wherein the ribosome is shunted into alternative pathways that result in either changes in reading frame or the bypassing of a region of the mRNA. Here, we present single-molecule fluorescence methods with zero-mode waveguides (ZMWs) to profile directly the translational rates of thousands of single ribosomes with codon resolution, illuminating the underlying dynamic mechanisms of recoding events. We investigated two recoding events: the −1 frameshifting in the dnaX gene and the ribosome bypassing of a 50 nucleotide untranslated region in gene60 of T4 phage. We observed multiple pathways induced by the stochastic interaction of the ribosome with the stimulatory elements; the ribosomes that undergo recoding in both frameshifting and bypassing are characterized by a pause in the rotated state. Such paused states allow unusual events in elongation and may be a central feature of translational control.
The small nuclear RNA-activating protein 190 Myb DNA binding domain stimulates TATA box-binding protein-TATA box recognition.

Human U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene transcription by RNA polymerase III requires cooperative promoter binding involving the snRNA-activating protein complex (SNAPc) and the TATA-box binding protein (TBP). To investigate the role of SNAPc for TBP function at U6 promoters, TBP recruitment assays were performed using full-length TBP and a mini-SNAPc containing SNAP43, SNAP50, and a truncated SNAP190. Mini-SNAPc efficiently recruits TBP to the U6 TATA box, and two SNAPc subunits, SNAP43 and SNAP190, directly interact with the TBP DNA binding domain. Truncated SNAP190 containing only the Myb DNA binding domain is sufficient for TBP recruitment to the TATA box. Therefore, the SNAP190 Myb domain functions both to specifically recognize the proximal sequence element present in the core promoters of human snRNA genes and to stimulate TBP recognition of the neighboring TATA box present in human U6 snRNA promoters. The SNAP190 Myb domain also stimulates complex assembly with TBP and Brf2, a subunit of a snRNA-specific TFIIIB complex. Thus, interactions between the DNA binding domains of SNAP190 and TBP at juxtaposed promoter elements define the assembly of a RNA polymerase III-specific preinitiation complex.
Random Dopant Effect on Vt Variations Affecting the Soft-Error Rates of Nanoscale CMOS Memory Cells

In the soft error domain, the critical charge Q critis used as a measure to determine if a memory cell can be upset, and on that single value most hardening techniques are based. Inaccurate estimates of the critical charge can lead to failure of hardening schemes causing space-based and terrestrial electronics to malfunction leading to prohibitive losses in cost and yield. With the design for manufacturability (DFM) becoming an issue in advanced technologies as process variation worsens, the statistical modeling of variations in threshold voltage leads to a wider range of critical charge. This paper quantifies the spread in critical charge required for an upset due to statistical variations in threshold voltage in the IBM 130 nm and 90 nm technologies. Design guidelines to account for the spread in Qcrit for an SEU in SRAM cells can be developed from simulations performed to estimate effective SER rates for memory cells.
Effects of perennial forage-legume living mulches on no-till winter wheat and rye

Abstract No-till winter cereals sown in narrow rows may compete successfully with perennial forage-legume living mulches that can fix nitrogen (N), conserve soil, increase dry-matter production, and suppress weeds. The effects of small-grain species, mulch species, and top-dress N on grain and mulch yield and the grain N concentration of winter cereals direct-drilled into legume living mulches were examined in a two-year field study in New York, U.S.A., on soils of the Lima and Kendaia series: fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Glossoboric and Aeric Hapludalfs. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or rye (Secale cereale L.) were grown in monoculture or drilled into summer-established plots of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), crownvetch (Coronilla varia L.), ladino clover (Trifolium repens L. forma lodigense Hort ex. Gams), red clover (T. pratense L.), or white clover (T. repens L.). Spring top-dress N was applied at 0 or 56 kg N ha−1. Cereals were reseeded for a second season. Mulches generally interfered more and yielded more with wheat than with rye. Birdsfoot trefoil, crownvetch, and white clover had little effect on grain-yield the first year; birdsfoot trefoil and crownvetch interfered strongly with cereals the second year. Red clover did not affect rye grain-yield in the absence of top-dress N, but did tend to reduce wheat yield. Top-dress N increased cereal grain-yield and decreased mulch yield. In general, legume mulches did not appear to enhance cereal N nutrition the first year; red and white clovers appeared to contribute N to rye the second year. Second-year grain-yields were generally lower than first-year yields, due to increased interference from living mulches and broadleaf weeds. All living mulches except crownvetch suppressed weeds the second year. The results indicate that some species of perennial forage legumes may be suitable for use as living mulches for direct-drilled small grains, especially tall early winter cereals.
The Effect of Authentic Video on Communicative Competence

Given that exposure to video programming has been shown to increase students' listening comprehension, the subsequent effects of that increase on communicative competence were studied in order to assess the impact of exposure to authentic video on the language acquisition process. Following their contact with an authentic Spanish-language telenovela, student viewers demonstrated a statistically significant increase over their counterparts in a control group not only in listening comprehension but also in the number of words they used in discourse and in two component parts of communicative competence, specifically, their confidence in generating output and the scope and breadth of their discourse. This study shows that authentic television programming is a valuable tool that provides high levels of input and results in improvements in students’ output.
Single event upset in irradiated 16 K CMOS SRAMs

The single-event-upset (SEU) characteristics of a CMOS SRAM cell irradiated under conditions that simulate the total-dose degradation anticipated in space applications were experimentally and theoretically investigated. Simulations of SEU sensitivity utilizing a 2-D circuit/device simulator, with measured transistor threshold-voltage shifts and mobility degradations as inputs, are shown to be in good agreement with experimental data at high total dose. Both simulation and experiment show a strong SRAM cell SEU imbalance resulting in a more SEU-tolerant preferred state and a less tolerant nonpreferred state. The resulting cell imbalance causes an overall degradation in SEU immunity, which increases with increasing total dose and should be taken into account in SEU testing and part characterization. >
Systematic Trends of Atomic Oscillator Strengths in Isoelectronic Sequences

The dependence of atomic oscillator strengths (f values) on nuclear charge, which leads to systematic trends along isoelectronic sequences, is discussed with particular reference to beam foil spectroscopy. The theoretical background for the nuclear charge dependence is given first, and then several characteristic examples are reviewed in detail. The beam foil technique of measuring lifetimes is one of the most important sources of data for these studies, because it readily permits reliable experimental determinations of f values over several stages of ionization within isoelectronic sequences. It is shown that experimental data are most urgently needed when f values are affected by cancellation in the transition integral or configuration interaction effects, since in these cases most theoretical approaches run into great difficulties.
The Adoption of Homeland Security Initiatives in Texas Police Departments: A Contextual Perspective:

The application of theory has been lacking in explaining the advent of homeland security in post–September 11 policing. This study examines the utility of contingency and resource dependency theori...
Institution of physiological pacing utilizing preexisting hardware.

Abstract Six patients with ventricular inhibited pacemakers, who experienced adverse effects from loss of atrial contribution to cardiac output and loss of atrioventricular synchrony, were successfully converted to atrial demand (3 patients) and atrioventricular sequential systems (3 patients). The preexisting ventricular pulse generator was used for atrial pacing in 3 patients, and the preexisting ventricular leads were employed for atrioventricular sequential pacing in 3 patients. The advantages and potential risks of utilizing preexisting hardware for conversion of ventricular pacing into physiological pacing are discussed.
Flow-induced morphological instabilities due to temporarily-modulated stagnation-point flow

The influence of periodically-modulated planar stagnation-point flow on the morphological stability of a directionally-solidifying interface is presently considered with a view to the effect of unsteady nonparallel flows on single-crystal growth. The modeling of the system assumes that the viscous boundary layer thickness is much greater than that of the solute boundary layer, and that the modulation frequency is much smaller than the strength of plane stagnation-point flow. The solidifying interface is either stabilized or destabilized depending on the ratio of the period of modulation to the solute-diffusion time.
Cocoon Minorities: Understanding Rush Limbaugh's Co-option of the Rhetorical Strategies of the Disenfranchised Position Through Homological Analysis

Conceptualizing minority social and political groups calls for careful consideration of power, prestige, and numerical systems. However, when members of empowered groups self-identify as disenfranchised, they create unique rhetorical situations. Through homological analysis of the rhetorical tactics of Rush Limbaugh matched with an analysis of Sandra Fluke's rhetorical strategies, we assert that subtle co-option of communication tactics poses larger questions about self-identification of individuals as minority members within social and political systems.
A Revision of Erythranthe montioides and Erythranthe palmeri (Phrymaceae), with Descriptions of Five New Species from California and Nevada, USA

The genus Erythranthe (Phrymaceae) continues to be a source of floristic novelty, especially in the American West, as evidenced by recent discoveries presented here. Two species in Erythranthe section Paradantha (E. montioides and E. palmeri) have long been a source of taxonomic confusion. Recent research reveals that a total of ten species have previously been treated as part of these two species. Here I present a revised taxonomy for E. montioides and E. palmeri including clarification of species circumscriptions (E. montioides, E. palmeri), recognition of three species that have previously been treated as synonyms (E. barbata, E. discolor, E. diffusa), and descriptions of five new species (E. calcicola, E. carsonensis, E. hardhamiae, E. rhodopetra, E. sierrae). Information on geographic distribution, habitat, phenology and pollination biology, conservation status, detailed taxonomic descriptions, and a key for their identification are provided.
Evolution of Male Pheromones in Moths: Reproductive Isolation Through Sexual Selection?

Central to our understanding of the species concept is knowledge of the nature and evolution of reproductive isolating mechanisms. The once widely accepted model of Dobzhansky, which holds that isolation evolves through selection against hybrids of differentially adapted populations, is now largely rejected. This rejection is due to both theoretical difficulties and a paucity of examples of the predicted pattern of reproductive character displacement. From a survey of five families of Lepidoptera, entailing more than 800 species, evidence is given that male courtship pheromones have evolved within the context of sexual isolation as an adaptive response to mating mistakes between differentially adapted populations; however, distinct from the natural selection model of Dobzhansky, this report suggests the mechanism for change to be sexual selection.
General problems related to the temperature classification of insulating materials

With the large number of synthetic high polymers developed in the past 10 years by the chemical and electrical industries, a new test code, for trial use, was necessary and has been issued. Two approaches are recognized: one is a functional test on an insulating material and the other is a test on a complete insulating system. The necessity for test data is stressed.
Cardiac Overexpression of a Gq Inhibitor Blocks Induction of Extracellular Signal–Regulated Kinase and c-Jun NH2-Terminal Kinase Activity in In Vivo Pressure Overload

Background—Understanding the cellular signals that initiate cardiac hypertrophy is of critical importance in identifying the pathways that mediate heart failure. The family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including the extracellular signal–regulated kinases (ERKs), c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 MAPKs, may play specific roles in myocardial growth and function. Methods and Results—To determine the mechanism of activation of MAPK pathways during the development of cardiac hypertrophy, we evaluated the induction of MAPK activity after aortic constriction in wild-type and in 2 types of cardiac gene-targeted mice: one overexpressing a carboxyl-terminal peptide of Gαq that inhibits Gq-mediated signaling (TG GqI mouse) and another overexpressing a carboxyl-terminal peptide of β-adrenergic receptor kinase-1 that inhibits Gβγ signaling (TG βARKct mouse). Wild-type mice with pressure overload showed an acute induction of JNK, followed by the induction of p38/p38β at 3 days and ERK at 7 days....
Flicker and fusion threshold interdependency

This experiment was designed to determine whether a previously established flicker (or fusion) threshold in one eye could be altered by manipulating the light-pulse rate in the other eye. Using an instrument that allowed separate pulse presentations for each eye, both the flicker and fusion thresholds were obtained for one eye (called the target eye). Then the pulse rate was varied in the other eye (called the manipulated eye), in an effort to shift the threshold in the target eye either from flicker to fusion or from fusion to flicker. Although a variety of pulse rates were presented in the manipulated eye near the thresholds of the target eye, there was no significant evidence that the threshold (either fusion or flicker) values were altered. Thus, our view that a flicker-fusion threshold interdependency exists between the two eyes was not supported.
Dopamine blocks carrier-mediated release of GABA from retinal horizontal cells

Abstract Incubation of isolated goldfish retinas with 5 mM glutamate or aspartate causes release of [3H]-GABA from H1 horizontal cell somata and dendrites (HSD) as determined by light microscopic autoradiography. This release of [3H]GABA occurs via a sodium-dependent transport carrier and can be blocked by dopamine. The effect of dopamine is mimicked by dibutyryl-cyclic AMP, indicating that it is due to an increase in the intracellular level of cyclic AMP in H1 cells. We suggest that the transmitter release of GABA from H1 cells occurs via a transport carrier which is regulated by an EPSP-like excitatory input from red cones and by an unconventional type of inhibition from dopaminergic interplexiform cells.
Rapid Spectrophotometric Assay of Dodecyl Sulfate Using Acridine Orange

Abstract A rapid assay that is useful for quantitating as little as 1 μg sodium dodecyl sulfate in a 100-μl sample is described. Except for trichloroacetic acid, a variety of other substances tested caused little or no interference with the assay. The method is based on the extraction of a dodecyl sulfate-acridine orange complex from aqueous solution into toluene. Both extraction and spectrophotometric measurement were performed in the same tube, resulting in high precision in replicate determinations and added safety in handling toluene solutions.
Incorporating Correlation Matrices into Hardware Triply Selective Fading Channel Emulators Using Kronecker Product

This article proposes a hardware triply selective Rayleigh fading channel emulator which is implemented by incorporating spatial and inter-tap correlation matrices into uncorrelated frequency-flat Rayleigh fading waveforms with a Kronecker product method. The Kronecker product of square roots of three correlation matrices are computed in real time via serial, parallel, or mixed serial-parallel computational methods and then combined with uncorrelated flat fading waveforms. A 4×4 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) triply selective channel with 4 correlated delay-taps per subchannel is implemented on a Stratix III FPGA DSP development kit. We show that the three methods provide flexibility for designs in speed and resource utilization.
Accumulation of ingested sulphite- and sulphate-sulphur and utilization of sulphited proteins by rats.

Abstract The accumulation of 35 S in various tissues of male and female albino rats fed [ 35 S]sulphate or [ 35 S]sulphite in daily doses equivalent to 50 mg SO 2 /kg for 2, 7 and 14 days was compared. The accumulation appeared similar for all the tissues studied except skin and hair, stomach and possibly the intestine, in which a relatively greater accumulation of 35 S was demonstrated when sulphite was fed. When [ 35 S]sulphited rat-serum protein (134–169 mg) was fed to rats by stomach tube, absorption and utilization of the protein was indicated by excretion of 40–55% of the label in the urine within 24 hr, 90% of this excreted radioactivity being in the form of sulphate. Radioactivity from this same sulphited protein (56 mg) injected into the jugular vein was retained within the body to a much greater extent (48%) than ingested protein label (7–17%) at 24 hr. The marked difference in the distribution of 35 S from sulphited rat-serum protein injected into the blood stream from that found with ingested free [ 35 S]sulphite suggests that sulphited plasma proteins may not be intermediates in the metabolism of ingested sulphite. Rats fed diets containing autoclaved, metabisulphite-treated casein for 7 wk grew as well as control animals fed diets containing autoclaved unsulphited casein.
An algorithm for intelligent sorting of CT-related dose parameters

Imaging centers nationwide are seeking innovative means to record and monitor CT-related radiation dose in light of multiple instances of patient over-exposure to medical radiation. As a solution, we have developed RADIANCE, an automated pipeline for extraction, archival and reporting of CT-related dose parameters. Estimation of whole-body effective dose from CT dose-length product (DLP)-an indirect estimate of radiation dose-requires anatomy-specific conversion factors that cannot be applied to total DLP, but instead necessitate individual anatomy-based DLPs. A challenge exists because the total DLP reported on a dose sheet often includes multiple separate examinations (e.g., chest CT followed by abdominopelvic CT). Furthermore, the individual reported series DLPs may not be clearly or consistently labeled. For example, Arterial could refer to the arterial phase of the triple liver CT or the arterial phase of a CT angiogram. To address this problem, we have designed an intelligent algorithm to parse dose sheets for multi-series CT examinations and correctly separate the total DLP into its anatomic components. The algorithm uses information from the departmental PACS to determine how many distinct CT examinations were concurrently performed. Then, it matches the number of distinct accession numbers to the series that were acquired, and anatomically matches individual series DLPs to their appropriate CT examinations. This algorithm allows for more accurate dose analytics, but there remain instances where automatic sorting is not feasible. To ultimately improve radiology patient care, we must standardize series names and exam names to unequivocally sort exams by anatomy and correctly estimate whole-body effective dose.
ChREBP*Mlx is the principal mediator of glucose-induced gene expression in the liver.

In mammals, glucose-regulated gene expression has been best characterized in the liver, where increased glucose metabolism induces transcription of genes encoding enzymes involved in de novo lipogenesis. ChREBP and Mlx dimerize and function together as a glucose-responsive transcription factor to regulate target genes, such as liver-type pyruvate kinase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1, and fatty acid synthase. To identify additional glucose-responsive genes in the liver, we used microarray analysis to compare gene expression patterns in low and high glucose conditions in hepatocytes. Target genes of ChREBP·Mlx were simultaneously identified by gene profiling in the presence or absence of a dominant negative Mlx. Of 224 genes that are induced by glucose, 139 genes (62%) were also inhibited by the dominant negative Mlx. Lipogenic enzyme genes involved in the entire pathway of de novo lipogenesis were found to be glucose-responsive target genes of ChREBP·Mlx. Genes encoding enzymes in other metabolic pathways and numerous regulators of metabolism were also identified. To determine if any of these genes are direct targets of ChREBP·Mlx, we searched for ChoRE-like sequences in the 5′-flanking regions of several genes that responded rapidly to glucose. ChoRE sequences that bound to ChREBP·Mlx and supported a glucose response were identified in two additional genes. Combining all of the known ChoRE sequences, we generated a modified ChoRE consensus sequence, CAYGNGN5CNCRTG. In summary, ChREBP·Mlx is the principal transcription factor regulating glucose-responsive genes in the liver and coordinately regulates a family of genes required for glucose utilization and energy storage.
CHFR is important for the first wave of ubiquitination at DNA damage sites

Protein ubiquitination plays an important role in activating the DNA damage response and maintaining genomic stability. In response to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), a ubiquitination cascade occurs at DNA lesions. Here, we show that checkpoint with Forkhead-associated (FHA) and RING finger domain protein (CHFR), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is recruited to DSBs by poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). At DSBs, CHFR regulates the first wave of protein ubiquitination. Moreover, CHFR ubiquitinates PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and regulates chromatin-associated PARP1 in vivo. Thus, these results demonstrate that CHFR is an important E3 ligase in the early stage of the DNA damage response, which mediates the crosstalk between ubiquitination and poly-ADP-ribosylation.
The crossvergence perspective: reflections and projections

In this retrospective, I chronicle the development of the crossvergence theory of values evolution, which states: it is the dynamic interaction of the sociocultural influences with the business ideology influences that provides the driving force to precipitate the development of new and unique values systems in societies. Crossvergence theory was introduced in our 1993 JIBS paper, and was the focus of our 1997 Decade Award paper, as well as of a series of subsequent papers. Thus I discuss the purpose and findings for six papers that have contributed to our present level of knowledge concerning crossvergence theory. I conclude my comments with a discussion of the relevance of longitudinal and multilevel research, measures found to be useful, and methodologies to consider, as well as identifying research topics in need of exploration.
Is there a cost to resprouting? Seedling growth rate and drought tolerance in sprouting and nonsprouting Ceanothus (Rhamnaceae)

Many woody plant species that depend upon fire-cued seed germination lack the ability to resprout. As the ability to resprout is widely assumed to be the ancestral condition in most plant groups, the failure to sprout is an evolutionary derived trait. Models for the evolutionary loss of sprouting assume a trade-off between seedling success and vegetative resprouting ability of adults. Such models require higher seedling success rates in nonsprouters than in sprouters. On the other hand, there seem to be few a priori reasons why a strong sprouter might not also have highly competitive post-fire seedlings. To test the hypothesis that nonsprouting plants have higher growth rates and/or drought survival, we grew seedlings of Ceanothus tomentosus from sprouting and nonsprouting populations in a common garden experiment. Each of these C. tomentosus populations was paired with a sympatric Ceanothus species that differed in resprouting ability. Sprouters exhibited greater allocation to root carbohydrate storage than did nonsprouters, but overall relative growth rates did not differ. Nonsprouters had earlier onset of flowering. These results provide mixed support for models of a sprouting/nonsprouting allocation trade-off.
Curricular learning communities and unprepared students: How faculty can provide a foundation for success

This chapter describes the key role of faculty in creating active, integrative learning experiences for students in basic skills learning communities, providing forums for students to extend time on task, and validating that students both belong and will be successful in college.
Individual differences in children's production of scale errors.

Abstract Individual differences in the production and persistence of committing scale errors were examined in children (age range 18–29 months) attending a laboratory preschool. Miniature replica toys were placed in the classrooms during three 20-min observation periods for 10 weeks. The majority of the children (88%, n = 24) performed scale errors providing confirmation in a different setting (than presented in previous research) that most young children commit these behaviors. Large individual differences were found in the frequency and persistence of committing scale errors. Extended exposure to the replica items increased the number of scale errors, though the frequency of scale errors decreased over the entire observation period.
Effect of Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) on the survival of immature and adult Hyposoter exiguae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)

Abstract The effects of formulations of Dipel ( Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki ), on immature and adult Hyposoter exiguae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) were assessed, using Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) as a host. H. exiguae developing in treated hosts had a significantly ( p = 0.05) lower percentage of pupation and adult emergence compared to parasitoids developing in nontreated hosts. The mean durations of the pupal and adult stages for parasitoids emerging from treated hosts were not generally affected. After 2 days of exposure, the survival of adult males of H. exiguae fed suspensions containing viable B. thuringiensis spores was significantly lower ( p = 0.05) than than the survival of wasps fed either control (sucrose solution), autoclaved Dipel, or inert formulation powder solutions. Survival of H. exiguae fed a low concentration of Dipel was not significantly reduced. Applications of B. thuringiensis in the field would very likely adversely affect immature H. exiguae more than adults, due to premature host death.