cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temporal and spatial tradeoffs in power system modeling with assumptions about storage: An application of the POWER model

Abstract As the number and complexity of power system planning models grows, understanding the impact of modeling choices on accuracy and computational requirements becomes increasingly important. This study examines empirically various temporal and spatial tradeoffs using the POWER planning model for scenarios of a highly renewable US system. First, the common temporal simplification of using a representative subset of hours from a full year of available hours is justified using a reduced form model. Accuracy losses are generally ≤6%, but storage is sensitive to the associated model modifications, highlighting the need for proper storage balancing constraints. Cost tradeoffs of various temporal and spatial adjustments are then quantified: four temporal resolutions (1- to 8-h-average time blocks); various representative day subset sizes (1 week–6 months); two spatial resolutions of site-by-site versus uniform fractional buildout across all solar and wind sites; and multiple spatial extents, ranging from California to the contiguous US. Most tradeoffs yield
Ten-Year Trends and Independent Risk Factors for Unplanned Readmission Following Elective Total Joint Arthroplasty at a Large Urban Academic Hospital.

Abstract Background Total joint arthroplasty procedures continue to provide consistent, long-term success and high patient satisfaction scores. However, early unplanned readmission to the hospital imparts significant financial risks to individual institutions as we shift away from the traditional fee-for-service payment model. Methods Using a combination of our hospital's administrative database and retrospective chart reviews, we report the 30-day and 90-day readmission rates and all causes of readmission following all unilateral, primary elective total hip and knee arthroplasty procedures at a large, urban, academic hospital from 2004 to 2013. Results In total, 1165 primary total hip (511) and knee (654) arthroplasty procedures were identified, and the 30-day and 90-day unplanned readmission rates were 4.6% and 7.3%, respectively. A multivariate regression model controlled for a variety of potential clinical and surgical confounders. Increasing body mass index levels, an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of ≥3, and discharge to an inpatient rehab facility each independently correlated with risk of both 30-day and 90-day unplanned readmission to our institution. Additionally, use of general anesthesia during the procedure independently correlated with risk of readmission at 30 days only, while congestive heart failure independently correlated with risk of 90-day unplanned readmission. Readmissions related directly to the surgical site accounted for 47% of the cases, and collectively totaled more than any single medical or clinical complication leading to unplanned readmission within the 90-day period. Conclusion Increasing body mass index values, general anesthesia, an American Society of Anesthesiologists score of ≥3, and discharge to an inpatient rehab facility each were independent risk factors for early unplanned readmission.
Recollections of Stanley Mandelstam

This article is based upon the audio recording taken on September 9th 2016 by my children. I thank Chee Hok Lim for writing the first transcript in the World Scientific format and Ling-Lie Chau for comments and footnotes.
Oxidative profiling of the failing right heart in rats with pulmonary hypertension

Right heart failure is the major cause of death among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Understanding the biology of the right ventricle (RV) should help developing new therapeutic strategies. Rats subjected to the injection of Sugen5416 (an inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor) plus the ovalbumin immunization had increased pulmonary arterial pressure and severe vascular remodeling. RVs of these rats were hypertrophied and had severe cardiac fibrosis. No apoptosis was, however, detected. Metabolomics analysis revealed that oxidized glutathione, xanthine and uric acid had increased in PAH RVs, suggesting the production of reactive oxygen species by xanthine oxidase. PAH RVs were also found to have a 30-fold lower level of α-tocopherol nicotinate, consistent with oxidative stress decreasing antioxidants and also demonstrating for the first time that the nicotinate ester of vitamin E is endogenously expressed. Oxidative/nitrosative protein modifications including S-glutathionylation, S-nitrosylation and nitrotyrosine formation, but not protein carbonylation, were found to be increased in RVs of rats with PAH. Mass spectrometry identified that S-nitrosylated proteins include heat shock protein 90 and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. These results demonstrate that RV failure is associated with the promotion of specific oxidative and nitrosative stress.
Communicative Resurrection: Letters to the Dead in the Israeli Newspaper

By studying letters written to the dead published in the popular Israeli press between 1997 and 2014, this paper examines the practices that constitute communicative acts toward a deceased person using interpersonal and mass media, in order to embody the recipiency of the dead. Using an analytical framework that draws on media ecology, communication theory, and discourse analysis, the paper demonstrates how the epistolary and mass media rhetoric operate to reconstruct the performance of the dead as an addressee. By exploring this understudied phenomenon and revisiting core notions of communication in light of written technologies, distance, and death, the paper argues that this communicative constellation, as a whole, is a performative act that offers a “communicative resurrection” to the dead.
Education, Religious Trust, and Ethnicity: The Case of Senegal

Abstract Although the relationship between religious attachment and education has received much attention, few studies have examined it in the African context. Using data from a survey of 1,484 rural Senegalese citizens and Afrobarometer survey data, this article examines the relationship between different types of education (adult literacy education, Koranic education and formal education), ethnicity, and trust in religious leaders and institutions in the West African and overwhelmingly Muslim setting of Senegal. The results indicate that adult literacy education (ALE) generally has a negative effect on religious trust while the effects of formal education and Koranic education appear more variable. Ethnicity is also strongly linked to religious trust and appears to mediate the effects of education on religious trust.
The conditional effects of social influence in transportation mode choice

Abstract Recent research suggests that an individual's transportation mode choice is partially influenced by the mode choice of other people in their social network. This paper advances this basic idea by testing the hypothesis that the extent of social influence is conditional on external context factors such as commute characteristics. Through an online survey of students at the University of California, Davis, we collected information about students' transportation decisions for campus travel and their social networks. For each participant as an ego, we gathered information about their ego-network including up to five social contacts or alters. A series of complementary statistical models find the strength of social influence is lower for those with longer commute distances where biking is more costly than driving or taking the bus, and is also lower at distances where walking has higher utility than biking. Social influence is most important when the external commute characteristics entail relatively equal travel costs for different modes. As social influence and other social processes are evaluated as potential policy instruments, these and other heterogeneous effects should be taken into account.
The cell biology of coronavirus infection.

Several aspects of Coronavirus interaction with host cells have been identified, the best characterized of which involve virus entry and virion assembly (for review, see Holmes and Lai, 1996). These accomplishments are critical in the understanding of virus-cell interactions; however, since such interactions occur in four dimensions (over time in the three dimensional space of the cell) they are important landmarks on a path that for the most part remains unilluminated. To understand the dynamic relationship of the virus to the cell it is important to use approaches that can observe interactions in the context of the entire cell and throughout the course of infection.
Quarterly PCE Models

In this chapter, wepresent the results from the models that have been applied to the quarterly PCE data for 1947Q1 through 2005Q4 for the PCE categories listed in Table 13.1. The format in both this and the next chapter will be to tabulate the results for each category of expenditure in a separate table. The information presented will include the coefficients and their associated t-ratios, R 2, Durbin–Watson (dw), Durbin-h (h), and Dickey–Fuller (d-f) statistics for the estimating equation, structural coefficients for the underlying theoretical model, together with the total-expenditure and price elasticities.
INTERACTION BETWEEN ATOMS AND RADIATION

The rotational properties of the radiation field are carried along in the process of quantization. If the photon is regarded as a particle, its spin vector can be oriented either parallel or antiparallel to its momentum vector. Zero-point energy is the characteristic of the harmonic oscillator. For the radiation field as a whole with an infinite number of modes, the zero-point energy becomes infinite. This is one of the peculiarities of the quantum–mechanical description of the radiation field. When no photons are present, the fluctuations in the field strengths are responsible for the infinite zero-point energy. Operators for the various multipole transitions are irreducible tensors; therefore, the selection rules are obtained directly from the Wigner–Eckart theorem.
Blood pressure monitors in studies of cardiovascular response

We have used indirect blood pressure monitors including the Arteriosonde and Vita-Stat (900-D) instruments to measure cardiovascular response to the central stressor of forced mental arithmetic in adolescents. With the use of these instruments we have identified characteristic response patterns in normotensives, young hypertensives and a group at genetic risk for hypertension. Within-subject reproducibility of the response pattern has been proven statistically (cluster analysis). This investigation technique has also been used to study the effect of other factors such as dietary sodium and pharmacologic agents on the stress response. The indirect blood pressure monitors are useful in situations involving limited movement by the subject. Reliable measurements are obtained at frequency intervals of one minute.
The Economist Watcher: Economic Contributions of David Colander

ABSTRACTThis article gives an appraisal of the work of David Colander. After a brief biographical summary, we look at his work in methodology and the role that institutions and ‘vision’ play in his economic analysis. A crucial part of his work in this area is viewing not only the economy but also the economic profession as an adaptive complex system. This leads us to his major contributions to macroeconomics and economic education. We conclude with an overall assessment of his contributions to economics.
Adherence to Lenalidomide in Older Patients with Multiple Myeloma (MM): A SEER-Medicare Analysis

Introduction: Lenalidomide (Len) is an effective, convenient orally-administered therapeutic option for older adults with MM. In one recent survey of 64 patients (pts) with MM on oral therapy, 92% of respondents self-reported taking every dose of their medication. However, little objective data is available about real-world adherence to Len, or factors associated with better adherence. Methods: Using the SEER-Medicare linked dataset, we identified pts with MM over the age of 65 who received more than 1 prescription for Len within 90 days following MM diagnosis. Adherence can be estimated from claims data using the Medication Possession Ratio (MPR) which is the number of days of drug supply dispensed in a given treatment period. We calculated a modified MPR as [Number of days supply/(last claim date - index date + last days9 supply) x100], adjusted for 7 days off therapy per cycle. Because most Len-containing regimens incorporate a 7 day break, but not all claims reflect this (e.g. 21 pills were dispensed for a 21 day supply, but with a 7 day delay in the next dispensation), a "grace period" of 7 days was calculated in these instances in order to avoid underestimation of adherence. Discontinuation of Len treatment was assumed if there was a 70 day gap in dispensations (corresponding to a 6 week delay following next anticipated dispensation). We investigated factors associated with the MPR using linear regression; p-values Results: 793 patients were eligible for analysis. The median age was 73 ± standard deviation (SD) 6.4. 52% were male; 81% white, 13% black & 6% other. The median CCI was 1 ± SD 1.6. 4% had a diagnosis of dementia. 5% had a diagnosis of depression. The median number of unique prescriptions in addition to Len was 10 ± SD 5.1. Only 14.5% of patients were considered to have poor adherence, with an MPR Conclusions: We have demonstrated overall high rates of medication possession among older adults with MM. Only 14.5% of patients met the commonly applied definition for poor adherence of an MPR Disclosures Wildes: Carevive: Honoraria; Janssen: Research Funding. Vij: Celgene: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria, Research Funding; Konypharma: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Honoraria; Jazz: Honoraria; Bristol-Meyers-Squibb: Honoraria; Abbvie: Honoraria.
Sulpha-masked mastoiditis : report of a case

A case of masked acute otitis media, going on to masked mastoiditis while under sulphatherapy is descriptionbed. Pain and tenderness were relieved, but returned on the withdrawal of the drug on three occasions, while the tympanic membrane remained intact. In this way three doctors who saw the case were foiled. Operation revealed extensive mastoid pathology with a perisinus abscess. A cortical mastoidectomy was done. Recovery was complete with return to normal hearing in one month.
A critical role of E-cadherin expression during the progression of metastatic prostate cancer cells with the microenvironment as a driving force

2769 Background: Metastasis is a multi-step processes wherein tumor cells must be able to move from the primary tumor, disseminate throughout the body, and survive to grow in the ectopic locale. At the molecular level, during the initial invasion, cells undergo epithelial mesenchymal like transition where there is typically noted an increase of EGFR expression at the same time there is a loss of E-cadherin, thus driving motility and the ability to separate from the primary tumor mass. Recently, however we have shown that abrogation of EGFR signaling results in reexpression of E-cadherin in DU-145 prostate cancer cells, thus highlighting the plasticity of these cells. Therefore we hypothesize that there is phenotypic variability throughout prostate cancer progression; the decreased E-cadherin expression is transient and E-cadherin becomes reexpressed at the ectopic site. Methods: We utilized DU-145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cells that expression very low levels of E-cadherin in culture and primary rat hepatocytes. Results: Immunofluorescence staining for E-cadherin in 2D co-cultures of GFP expressing hepatocytes and RFP DU-145 prostate cancer cells reveal E-cadherin expression at the peripheral regions of contact by day 2 of coculture with eventual gain of homotypic E-cadherin expression as the DU-145 cells cluster around hepatocytes. A cell adhesion assay (CAFCA) demonstrated that this resulted in functional binding, which was abrogated by the calcium chelator EDTA or siRNA to E-cadherin. This suggested that reexpression of E-cadherin secondary to juxtaposition of prostate cancer cells to hepatocytes (heterotypic binding) is essential for prostate cancer cells to adhere to the parenchymal heptatocytes. As a physiological correlation to our in vitro findings we were able to find significant reexpression of E-cadherin within tumor mass of two human patients with prostate metastases to the liver. Conclusions: The loss of E-cadherin is an epigenetic event that is modulated by the tumor microenvironment, and E-cadherin is necessary for disseminated prostate cancer cells adhere to parenchymal cells at ectopic site. We also conclude that the term epithelial mesenchymal transition only summarizes the transient down regulation E-cadherin for invasion, and that reexpression of E-cadherin is part of the “normal” process of metastatic tumor development. Therefore, we propose Meschenymal Epithelial reverting Transition (MErT) as the term that describes this re-attainment of cell-cell communication later in tumor progression.
Supraparticle Nanoassemblies with Enzymes

Supraparticles are micelle-like self-limited assemblies from inorganic nanoparticles (NPs), whose size and morphology are determined by the equilibrium between short-range attraction and long-range...
Novel implementation of a Kalman filter for speckle nulling with a fiber injection unit

High dispersion coronagraphy (HDC) is a technique that combines high contrast imaging techniques with high spectral resolution spectroscopy to directly characterize exoplanets and provide key information such as chemical composition, temperature, and rotational velocity. A consequence of adaptive optics systems used in direct imaging is the formation of residual bright spots of star lights, called speckles, in the final image. Due to the large difference in brightness between host stars and their planets, these speckles can easily obscure potential exoplanets. In a previous demonstration, it was shown that using monochromatic light and a fiber injection unit (FIU), simulated exoplanet light can be directed to a high-resolution spectrograph. The method had speckle suppression that exceeding conventional image-based speckle nulling. With a previous Kalman filter estimator implementation, we found that with the implementation of the algorithm, speckle suppression was even more stable and outperformed traditional speckle nulling. In this update to the estimator, progress has been made in terms of a new filter design, and better estimates of the physical parameters in the laboratory, resulting in a higher speckle nulling performance.
Dehydrated Human Amnion Chorion Membrane as Treatment for Pediatric Burns

Objective: Pediatric burns are a major source of injury and in the absence of adequate care can lead to lifelong functional loss and disfigurement. While split thickness skin autografts are the current standard of care for deep partial and full-thickness burns, this approach is associated with considerable morbidity. For this reason, alternative skin substitutes such as allografts have gained interest. Approach: In the present study, we present a case series of 30 children with various types of burns treated with dehydrated human amnion chorion membrane (dHACM). Results: We show that treatment with dHACM is associated with an excellent rate of healing comparable to split thickness skin grafts with less rate of hypertrophic scar and contracture. Innovation: Treatment with dHACM is particularly attractive as it consists of many tissue regenerative factors, such as growth factors and immune modulators, thus it will reduce the risk of scaring. Conclusion: While dHACM is associated with an increased upfront cost, treating patients with small to moderate-sized burns with dHACM in their regional centers works to decrease downstream costs such as management of prolonged pain from donor-site morbidity, revisional surgeries from scar and contractures of split thickness grafts, and avoiding the cost of transfer to higher level centers of care. Our findings challenge the current standard of care, suggesting that dHACM provides an alternative to the current use of split thickness skin grafting and is a safe, feasible, and potentially superior substitute for the management of small to moderate total body surface area partial and full-thickness pediatric burns.
A System for Visualizing the Process Address Space in the Context of Teaching Secure Coding in C

Seemingly small coding errors can create significant vulnerabilities in C programs. This often occurs due to memory being overwritten in unexpected ways. If a student understands where program variables appear in the process address space, then she can understand the effect of writing beyond the memory allocated to a variable. With this understanding, she can tie her code to its effect within an executing process and is more likely to appreciate the significance of these seemingly harmless errors and to avoid them. We have developed a program analysis and visualization tool to help students understand the impact of common memory errors with the goal to help students avoid introducing these errors into their code. The visualization is through the Program Address Space (PAS) window within a larger system for analysis and visualization of security issues in C programs. The larger system is called SecureCvisual. In this paper, we describe our experience with teaching students fundamental concepts about process address spaces and the impact of buffer overflows using the PAS window. We also present the results from an evaluation of the tool. Our results indicate that students found the tool useful and that it enhanced the course in which it was used.
Effect of Ethanol on Neural Cells Grown in Culture: Interaction with Plasma Membrane Ecto-5’-Nucleotidase Activity

The effect of ethanol on an enzyme system within an intact functional plasma membrane has been studied using neural cells grown in culture. Rat C6 glioma cells in monolayer culture were treated acutely or chronically with 100 mM ethanol and the effect of this exposure on the activity of ecto-5’-nucleotidase was determined. Acute exposure led to an increase in enzyme activity with maximum stimulation occurring at concentrations of 100 — 400 mM ethanol. Chronic treatment of cells with 100 mM ethanol for 4 — 8 days also caused an increase in ecto-5’-nucleotidase activity. Both the acute and chronic ethanol-induced stimulation of enzyme activity was completely reversible by removing the ethanol; the acute effects reversed immediately, whereas the chronic effects required several hours. The addition of Concanavalin A demonstrated that the effects on enzyme activity of both chronic and acute exposure to ethanol were blocked by modification of the external cell surface. The effect of chronic exposure to 100 mM ethanol was further localized to an action on the plasma membrane by studies which showed chronic exposure to have no effect on the intracellular 5’-nucleotidase activity. Furthermore, the occurrence of pharmacological tolerance to acute ethanol was observed in this plasma membrane system following chronic treatment of C6 cells with 100 mM ethanol. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that mammalian neural cells can adapt to the chronic presence of ethanol through changes in their plasma membrane.
High spatial resolution whole‐neck MR angiography using thin‐slab stack‐of‐stars quiescent interval slice‐selective acquisition

Purpose To report a 3D multi-echo thin-slab stack-of-stars (tsSOS) quiescent-interval slice-selective (QISS) strategy for high-resolution magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) of the entire neck in under seven minutes. Methods The neck arteries of eight subjects were imaged at 3 Tesla. Multi-echo 3D tsSOS QISS using a FLASH readout was compared with 3D tsSOS FLASH, 2D QISS, 2D TOF, and 3D TOF. A root-mean-square (RMS) combination of echo time images was tested. Evaluation metrics included arterial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), arterial-to-muscle contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and image quality. Results 3D multi-echo tsSOS QISS using a RMS combination of echo time images increased SNR and CNR by 60% and 63% with respect to the reconstruction obtained with the shortest echo time. 3D tsSOS QISS showed superior CNR with respect to 3D tsSOS FLASH imaging, and more than 3-fold higher SNR and CNR with respect to 2D radial QISS when normalized for voxel size. 3D tsSOS QISS provided good to excellent image quality that exceeded the image quality of 2D QISS, 2D TOF, and 3D TOF (P Conclusion Whole-neck high-resolution nonenhanced MRA is feasible using 3D tsSOS QISS, and produced image quality that exceeded those of competing nonenhanced MRA protocols at 3 Tesla.
Exploring the three domains of financial hardship experienced by ovarian cancer patients.

71Background: We sought to obtain ovarian cancer patients’ perspective on the 3 domains of financial hardship (psychological response, material conditions, and coping behaviors). Methods: We recrui...
SUPERGRAVITY ON AdS5/4× HOPF FIBRATIONS AND CONFORMAL FIELD THEORIES

We obtain three- and four-dimensional conformal field theories with less than maximal supersymmetry by using their supergravity duals. These supergravity theories are type II on AdS5×CP2, IIA on AdS4×CP3, IIB on AdS5×S5/Zk and D=11 supergravity on AdS4×S7/Zk. They are obtained from the spherically compactified ten- and 11-dimensional theories by either Hopf reduction or by winding the U(1) fiber over the base.
User Preferences for Privacy Protection Methods in Mobile Health Apps: A Mixed-Methods Study

Background: Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to facilitate convenient health care delivery and self-management of health. However, many users have concerns about their privacy when they use mHealth apps. Different apps provide different solutions for protecting users’ privacy. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine user preferences among the several privacy protection methods used in current mHealth apps and the reasons behind their preferences. Methods: Five privacy protection methods currently used in mHealth apps were presented to a group of study participants who had mild or moderate depression and expressed concerns about privacy of information when they used mental health apps. After a demonstration of the methods, study participants were asked to fill out a questionnaire and indicate their perceived privacy protection level (PPPL) of each method, their preference rating for each method, and the privacy protection methods they had used in the past. A brief interview was then conducted to collect study participants’ comments on these methods and elicit the reasons for their preference ratings. Statistical analysis was performed to determine the statistical significance of differences in participants’ preference ratings and in the PPPLs obtained for the five methods. Study participants’ comments on the privacy protection methods and suggestions were noted and summarized. Results: Forty (40) study participants were selected from a large candidate pool using the IRB approved selection criteria. All study participants viewed the app demonstration and understood the five privacy protection methods properly, which was indicated by their correct sorting of the PPPL of the five methods in their answers to the questionnaire. All study participants specified their preferences with respect to these methods and provided the rationale behind their selections on the questionnaire and during the brief interview. The results indicate that the users preferred privacy protection methods with customizable modules in multi-purpose apps because of their convenience and strong privacy protection, where the customization can be done either in the app or via a Web portal. Conclusions: This study identified user preferred privacy protection methods. These identified privacy protection methods may be used in many types of apps that perform sensitive health information management to better protect users’ privacy and encourage more users to adopt these mHealth apps.
How Banks go Abroad: Branches or Subsidiaries?

The authors examine the factors that influence banks' type of organizational form when operating in foreign markets using an original database of the branches and subsidiaries in Latin America and Eastern Europe of the top 100 international banks. They find that regulation, taxation, the degree of desired penetration in the local market, and host-country economic and political risks matter. Banks are more likely to operate as branches in countries that have higher corporate taxes and when they face lower regulatory restrictions on bank entry, in general, and on foreign branches, in particular. Subsidiaries are the preferred organizational form by banks that seek to penetrate the local market establishing large and mostly retail operations. Finally, there is evidence that economic and political risks have opposite effects on the type of organizational form, suggesting that legal differences in the degree of parent bank responsibility vis-a-vis branches and subsidiaries under different risk scenarios play an important role in the kind of operations international banks maintain overseas.
The Need to Improve Patient-Centered Outcome Reporting Following Lower Extremity Flap Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Introduction Research in lower extremity (LE) wound management involving flap reconstruction has primarily focused on surgeon-driven metrics. There has been a paucity in research that evaluates patient-centered outcomes (PCO). This systematic review and meta-analysis examines articles published between 2012 and 2020 to assess whether reporting of functional and quality of life (QOL) outcomes have increased in frequency and cohesiveness, compared with the previous two decades. Methods PubMed and Ovid were queried with appropriate Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms for studies published between June 2012 and July 2020. For inclusion, each study had to report any outcome of any tissue transfer procedure to the LE in comorbid patients, including complication rates, ambulation rates, flap success rates, and/or QOL measures. The PCO reporting prevalence was compared with a previous systematic review by Economides et al which analyzed papers published between 1990 and June 2012, using a Pearson's Chi-squared test. Results The literature search yielded 40 articles for inclusion. The proportion of studies reporting PCO was greater for literature published between 1990 and 2012 compared with literature published between 2012 and 2020 (86.0 vs. 50.0%, p Conclusion Less than 50% of the literature report functional outcomes in comorbid patients undergoing LE flap reconstruction. Surprisingly, PCO reporting has seen a downward trend in the past 8 years relative to the preceding two decades. Standardized inclusion of PCO in research regarding this patient population should be established, especially as health care and governmental priorities shift toward patient-centered care.
Special issue editorial: Atmospheric airglow-recent advances in observations, experimentations, and modeling

Airglow observations, experimentations, and theoretical studies have significantly advanced our understanding of airglow in recent decades [...]
Case study: A positive cognitive outcome following an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

OBJECTIVE Time is critical with any out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The possibility of brain cell death increases, and the likelihood of a "good" outcome decreases with time. The most prominent impairments involve memory and attentional difficulties. Limited research and few cases have shown positive cognitive results following an OHCA to the extent that this case study depicts. METHOD The current case study presents a right-handed male in his late 40s, with master's and law degrees, and a high-level functioning in the workplace who experienced an OHCA. He was treated for his OHCA and subsequently underwent neuropsychological testing less than 2 months following his hospital discharge. RESULTS Expected results suggest impairments in key cognitive areas; however, a neuropsychological exam less than 2-months post-incident, testing pre-morbid IQ, overall cognitive ability, processing speed, attention, executive functioning, language, visuospatial abilities, and memory; each showing normal or better results. Additionally, self and collateral report questionnaires examining cognitive and emotional functioning reported no difficulties and no major changes since his cardiac arrest. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that this patient's exceptional outcome might be due to his cognitive reserve, and the immediateness of his intervention (5-10 min of CPR and return-of-spontaneous-circulation from an AED shock) and use of a saline cooling procedure upon arrival to the hospital. Overall, we highlight a patient with a remarkable cognitive outcome, utilizing data from neuropsychological testing within 2-months post-incident, and propose protective factors in neuropsychological functioning following an OHCA.
Surgical Interventions During End-of-Life Hospitalizations in Children's Hospitals.

OBJECTIVES To characterize patterns of surgery among pediatric patients during terminal hospitalizations in children's hospitals. METHODS We reviewed patients ≤20 years of age who died among 4 424 886 hospitalizations from January 2013-December 2019 within 49 US children's hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. Surgical procedures, identified by International Classification of Diseases procedure codes, were classified by type and purpose. Descriptive statistics characterized procedures, and hypothesis testing determined if undergoing surgery varied by patient age, race and ethnicity, or the presence of chronic complex conditions (CCCs). RESULTS Among 33 693 terminal hospitalizations, the majority (n = 30 440, 90.3%) of children were admitted for nontraumatic causes. Of these children, 15 142 (49.7%) underwent surgery during the hospitalization, with the percentage declining over time (P < .001). When surgical procedures were classified according to likely purpose, the most common were to insert or address hardware or catheters (31%), explore or aid in diagnosis (14%), attempt to rescue patient from mortality (13%), or obtain a biopsy (13%). Specific CCC types were associated with undergoing surgery. Surgery during terminal hospitalization was less likely among Hispanic children (47.8%; P < .001), increasingly less likely as patient age increased, and more so for Black, Asian American, and Hispanic patients compared with white patients (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of children undergo surgery during their terminal hospitalization, and accordingly, pediatric surgical care is an important aspect of end-of-life care in hospital settings. Differences observed across race and ethnicity categories of patients may reflect different preferences for and access to nonhospital-based palliative, hospice, and end-of-life care.
Quantitative Thermal Wave Imaging of Corrosion on Aircraft

Pulse-echo thermal wave imaging is accomplished using a pulsed heat source (usually high-power flash lamps), an infrared (IR) video camera, and image processing hardware and software, all of which is controlled by a personal computer. The system has been described in detail elsewhere. [1,2] Figure 1 shows the thermal wave imaging system in operation at the FAA’s Aging Aircraft NDI Validation Center (AANC). As can seen from Fig. 1, the imaging head is hand-held. The computer, power supplies, etc., are located some distance away at the end of a fifty-foot long cable, the other end of which can be seen attached to the imaging head in Fig. 1. This same cable also carries the power for the flashlamps and the control signals from the computer. To make an image, the imaging head is held in place for three seconds. During this time, the flashlamps are fired, and a sequence of images is acquired and transferred to the computer’s hard disk. The head can then be moved to the next area to be imaged. An area of approximately a square foot is imaged at each flash by the system, so that wide areas of the aircraft can be covered very rapidly.
An Exact Solution for Two-Dimensional Linear Panel Flutter at Supersonic Speeds

O E V E R A L WRITERS HAVE RECENTLY GIVEN attention to the cal^ culation of the flutter behavior of a thin panel, such as occurs in wing, tail, or fuselage coverings. In this type flutter, the basic structure supporting the panel acts essentially as if rigid, while the panel vibrates normal to its own plane. In analyzing the phenomenon, the attempts to date have employed the generalized coordinate approach, using the lower normal modes of the panel as coordinates. In the present note, a theoretically exact solution is deduced for the supersonic flutter of two-dimensional panels of uniform thickness—i.e., uniform plates of infinite width—supported on beams running in the width direction. The supersonic flow is directed normally to the supporting beams and is past one surface of the plate. The fluid on the other side of the plate is stagnant, and it is assumed that its pressure remains sensibly constant. [The flutter of a "flag," with flow past both surfaces of the flag, can be derived from the present results by. multiplying the pressure P(x) by the factor 2.] The present study is restricted to a simply supported panel resting on two rigid beams. However, a straightforward extension of the theory permits taking into account other types of panel end support, beams capable of elastic deflection, and the case of a panel resting on many supports. In practice, the problem of interest is the panel of finite span, rather than the two-dimensional panel. However, it is hoped that the present analysis and its results will throw light on the mechanisms of this new type of flutter and will thus enable an evaluation to be made of the validity of using a Lagrangian approach to the finite-span panel problem, in which only the first few normal panel modes are used as coordinates.
Pre‐Impact Damage Assessment of Dra Metal Matrix Composite Encapsulated Sic Ceramics

Encapsulation of monolithic ceramic materials is one concept for confinement of candidate armor ceramic materials which enables both constraint during ballistic impact and retention of damage fragments for post-impact evalustion by either destructive or non-destructive methods. Non-destructive examination is essential for the pre-impact baseline characterization of consolidated samples, which subsequently will be tested ballistically and then further characterized for damage in the post-impacted condition. Such non-destructive characterization of experimeatal samples of SiC ceramic tile material encapsulated within discontinuosly reinforced aluminum metal matrix composite, DRA, was conducted using x-ray computed tomgraphy. CT. Each sample consisted of one 10 cm x 10 cm x 1.2 cm thick SiC ceramicthe encspsulated with 356/SiCp/60v%DRA forming a test sample of 15.2 cm x 15.2 cm x 5.3 cm thick overall dimensions. Both digital x-ray radiography and computed tomography were performed on the samples using a custom built ACTIS 600/420 x-ray computed tomography scanner from Bio-Imaging Research, Inc., to characterize and document the as fabricated samples prior to planned ballistic testing. Results of three samples fabricated by the pressure infiltration casting process indicated pre-existing voids in the MMC encapsulant material and substantial multiple cracks in both the MMC and the SiC Such defects in the as-fabricated samples, had they gone undetected, would have been difficult to separate from later anticipated ballistically-induced damage. Also, significant disple of the SiC tile was detected indicating an undesired repositioning of the SiC tile during the encapsulation casting step. A subsequent sample fabricated by a presssureless metal infiltration process revealed significantly less extensive cracking than observed in the previous samples. This paper discusses the application of x-ray computed tomography (XCT) to pre-impact characterization of encapsulated ceramic target materials.
Depletion of nuclear poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase by antisense RNA expression: influence on genomic stability, chromatin organization, DNA repair, and DNA replication.

Publisher Summary Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, a post-translational modification of nuclear proteins wherein ADP-ribose moieties from NAD are covalently attached to acceptor proteins, plays an important role in the regulation of DNA strandbreak rejoining in a variety of nuclear processes such as DNA replication, differentiation, recombination, and, particularly, DNA repair. This modification is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP)—a chromatin- associated, highly conserved enzyme that binds tightly to and is activated by DNA breaks and modulates the structure and function of numerous nuclear proteins involved in either chromatin architecture or DNA metabolism. Many insights into the functional roles of PARP in various nuclear processes have been obtained largely from studies using PARP competitive inhibitors—that is, benzamide and their derivatives. It has been proposed that PARP plays a role primarily in DNA repair because the treatment of cells with PARP inhibitors hypersensitizes these cells to DNA-damaging agents. A role for PARP in cell proliferation is supported by studies showing that PARP expression and activity are markedly enhanced in various proliferating cells, newly replicated chromatin, and replication-fork-enriched DNA fragments. PARP has been implicated early in the processes relating to DNA damage processing.
The actions of cyclosporin A and FK506 suggest a novel step in the activation of T lymphocytes

Cyclosporin A and FK506 are immunosuppressive compounds that have similar inhibitory effects on the expression of several lymphokines produced by T lymphocytes. Despite their similar effects the drugs bind to two different cytosolic protein, cyclophilin and FKBP respectively, which raises the possibility that they have different modes of action. Using constructs in which mRNA production controlled by a specific transcription factor could be readily measured we found that both cyclosporin A and FK506 completely inhibited transcription activated by NF-AT, NFIL2 A, NFIL2 B and partially inhibited transcription activated by NF kappa B. Cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibited only transcriptional activation that was dependent on Ca2+ mobilization. However, cyclosporin A and FK506 did not inhibit Ca2+ mobilization dependent expression of c-fos mRNA indicating that only a subset of signalling pathways regulated by Ca2+ is sensitive to these drugs. Furthermore, we did not observe any qualitative differences between the effect of cyclosporin A and FK506 on six different transcription factors which suggests that these drugs may interfere with the activity of a novel Ca2+ dependent step that regulates several transcription factors.
A study of the impact of prognostic errors on system performance

Condition-based maintenance is growing in popularity as a means of improving equipment maintenance efficiency. Unfortunately, the prognostic tools associated with condition-based maintenance are subject to statistical error. These errors can lead to unnecessary preventive maintenance due to underestimation of system remaining life and unnecessary system failures due to overestimation of system remaining life. What is not clear is if these statistical errors outweigh the benefits of a just-in-time maintenance philosophy. This study attempts to address this concern through the evaluation and comparison of three maintenance policies for a simple system. The maintenance policies are run-to-failure, scheduled preventive maintenance and condition-based maintenance. A discrete-event simulation model is used to estimate the average time between successful missions for the system under each of these policies. An extensive set of numerical experiments is used to analyze system performance under a wide variety of operating conditions. The results suggest that condition-based maintenance can improve system performance as much as 10% to 15% beyond that achieved using scheduled preventive maintenance. However, the results also suggest that moderate statistical error can render condition-based maintenance inferior to scheduled maintenance and severe statistical error can render condition-based maintenance inferior to run-to-failure
Photolytic Oxidation of Isotactic Polystyrene in Presence of Sulfur Dioxide

The investigation of this photolysis reaction has been continued (see Part I1)), studying the reaction as a function of gas pressures and light intensity. In the first part of this work, an energy of activation of 4. 5Kcal/m was obtained for constant SO2(0. 84mmHg) and oxygen (150mmHg) pressures, respectively. The additional data obtained in this second part permits the formulation of a mechanism for this photolysis reaction, which is in accord with all experimental facts; it is based on a type of Bolland mechanism2) for oxidative degradation in conjunction with the pronounced synergistic action of sulfur dioxide.
Studies on the Synthesis and Degradation of Light and Heavy Chains of Cardiac Myosin

Abstract The relative rate of degradation of the light and heavy chains of cardiac myosin was studied by the double isotope technique in which a single injection of [3H]leucine was administered 12 days prior to [14C]leucine in rats. As indicated by 14C:3H ratios of the purified myosin fractions, the light and heavy chains were degraded at heterogeneous rates, the heavy chains having a turnover rate twice that of the light chains.
An Intersystemic View of Intellectual Property and Free Speech

Intellectual property regimes operate in the shadow of the First Amendment. By deeming a particular activity as infringing, the law of copyright, trademark, and the right of publicity all limit communication. As a result, judges and lawmakers must delicately balance intellectual property rights with expressive freedoms. Interestingly, each intellectual property regime strikes the balance between ownership rights and free speech in a dramatically different way. Despite a large volume of scholarship on intellectual property rights and free speech considerations, this Article represents the first systematic effort to detail, analyze, and explain the divergent evolution of expression-based defenses in copyright, trademark, and right of publicity jurisprudence. The first part of this Article carefully details the disparate treatment of First Amendment defenses in the three intellectual property regimes. On one side of the spectrum is copyright law. An increasingly broad interpretation of commercial use, a narrow construction of transformative use, and a myopic focus on market harm, combined with a refusal to engage in any sort of independent First Amendment review, have rendered copyright law a feeble protector of free expression. On the other side of the spectrum is recent right of publicity jurisprudence, which routinely invokes the First Amendment and features robust defenses based on “transformativeness” and “newsworthiness.” Somewhere in the middle stands trademark law, offering its own judge-made defenses to immunize expressive conduct but simultaneously closing off those defenses for defendants engaging in commercial or potentially confusing activity. The next part tries to explain why these three regimes accommodate the First Amendment in such different ways. We conclude that the divergence is not the result of careful deliberation, but rather the inadvertent product of different methods and histories of lawmaking. If the divergence does not represent a logical or deliberate choice, reforms are needed. By bringing these different approaches to the First Amendment into relief, we hope to demonstrate how some free speech interests are being shortchanged and we aim to place all three regimes on a stronger theoretical footing.