cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological evidence for synaptic transmission mediated by non-n-methyl-d-aspartate receptors in the avian cochlear nucleus

Abstract The hypothesis that synaptic transmission between the auditory nerve and the cochlear nucleus is mediated by an excitatory amino acid acting through N-methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptors was examined in an in vitro preparation of the chicken brainstem. The ability of various bath-applied excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists to inhibit synaptically-evoked responses was assessed by recording field potentials from nucleus magnocellularis (NM) following electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve. Antagonists that selectively block responses mediated by NMDA receptors, such as d -α-aminoadipate and 2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate, were without effect on evoked transmission in NM. In contrast, antagonists that additionally act on non-NMDA receptors, such as cis -2,3-piperidine dicarboxylase and γ- d -glutamylglycine, reversibly suppressed transmission. The results indicate that (1) transmission in the chicken auditory system is mediated by non-NMDA receptors, and (2) a substance(s) chemically akin to aspartate and glutamate may be the transmitter used by the auditory nerve iin NM.
Long-term Efficacy of Intranasal Mupirocin Ointment: A Prospective Cohort Study of Staphylococcus aureus Carriage

Background: We investigated the long-term effect of a single 5-day application of intranasal mupirocin calcium ointment onStaphylococcus aureusnasal and hand colonization. The subjects were 68 healthy volunteers who were health care workers with stableS aureusnasal carriage and who had participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of intranasal mupirocin ointment. Methods: A 1-year prospective cohort study of S aureus nasal carriers after treatment with active drug or placebo was performed. Cultures were obtained from all subjects 6 and 12 months after therapy. All subjects returned for the 6-month visit; 63 (93%) were examined at 1 year. The major outcome measure was the relative proportion of anyS aureuscultured at either site at 6 and 12 months. TheS aureusisolates were typed by restriction endonuclease analysis of plasmid DNA and by antibiotic susceptibility tests; the similarity of nasal and hand isolate "fingerprints" was compared. Results: At 6 months, nasal carriage was 48% in the treatment group vs 72% in controls (relative risk, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.45 to 1.02;P=.054); at 1 year, nasal carriage was 53% vs 76%, respectively (relative risk, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.48 to 1.02;P=.056). Hand carriage at 6 months was significantly reduced among mupirocin recipients relative to controls (15% and 48%;P=.04, adjusted for the baseline rate of hand carriage). Thirty-six percent of treated subjects were recolonized in the nares with a new strain at 1 year, whereas 34% had reisolation of the original strain after initially negative posttherapy cultures. During the year of follow-up, hand carriage was observed at least once in two thirds of the subjects. Nearly all of the hand isolates (87%) exactly matched the subjects' coincident nasal plasmid fingerprint and antibiogram type. Conclusions: A single brief treatment course of intranasal mupirocin was effective in reducing nasalS aureuscarriage for up to 1 year. WhenS aureuswas recovered after nasal decolonization, the new isolate was as likely to represent colonization with a new strain as reisolation of the original strain.Staphylococcus aureushand carriage was significantly decreased 6 months after therapy, further implicating the nares as the primary reservoir site for hand carriage. (Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1505-1508)
Effect of texture on the mechanical behavior of ultrafine grained magnesium alloy

Friction stir processing (FSP) improves the mechanical properties of metals by refining grains to submicron scale. It also introduces significant basal texture in ultrafine grained magnesium alloy by tilting the basal poles by various degrees with respect to the depth in the nugget. This texture results in much higher tensile stress and ductility, but lower uniform strain in the transverse direction, than in the processing direction. This paper discusses the effect of FSP-induced texture on anisotropy in mechanical behavior.
Seasonal cycle and physiological correlates of pinealocyte nuclear and nucleolar diameters in the bats, Myotis lucifugus and Myotis sodalis.

Abstract An annual or seasonal cycle was suggested in the activity of pinealocytes of bats ( Myotis lucifugus and M. sodalis ) collected at the same place within the same cave (Bat Cave, Carter Co., Ky.) at six times of the year. Seasonal changes were statistically significant in both pinealocyte nuclear and nucleolar diameters, but the greatest amplitude and consistency of change were in the latter. The annual peak in nucleolar size occurred in March, at about the time of arousal and dispersal from hibernation. The nadir occurred in early fall just before hibernation. The pattern of seasonal changes in pinealocyte activity suggested by nucleolar size is the inverse of that of pituitary LH cells in related species. Experimental evaluation of a possible pineal role during or following spring arousal and dispersal of bats is suggested in the light of recent studies showing a pineal contribution to regulation of the timing of sympatheto-adrenomedullary activity in laboratory rats.
Fabrication and Biofunctionalization of Carbon-Encapsulated Au Nanoparticles

Au-core C-shell nanoparticles are fabricated using a simple CVD process. As a result, an addressable quantity of materials is produced that is able to be biofunctionalized using standard techniques. These new materials are then capable of being used for bioanalytical protein detection.
Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characterization of atypical atrial flutter in man: use of activation and entrainment mapping and implications for catheter ablation.

Atypical Atrial Flutter. Introduction: Although the circuit in typical counterclockwise atrial flutter has been clearly delineated, the mechanisms of “atypical atrial flutters” have been less well characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the ECG and electrophysiologic (EP) characteristics of atypical atrial flutter. Methods and Results: Thirty-three patients with at least one form of atypical atrial flutter underwent EP evaluation with multipolar atrial activation and entrainment mapping. Nineteen patients with clockwise flutter had: (1) stereotypic ECG morphology; (2) same cycle length as counterclockwise flutter; (3) clockwise activation around the tricuspid annulus; (4) recording of discrete split potentials along the length of the crista terminalis, suggesting the presence of conduction block; (5) concealed entrainment from the low right atrial isthmus; (6) successful ablation in this isthmus. Twenty patients with atypical flutter not consistent with a clockwise mechanism (“true atypical flutter”) showed: (1) heterogeneous ECG morphology; (2) cycle length shorter than that of clockwise flutter; (3) frequent transitions from and to atrial fibrillation; (4) could be entrained in only six patients and, when accomplished, demonstrated surface fusion when entraining from the low right atrial isthmus. Conclusions: Atypical flutter falls into two broad categories. Clockwise flutter uses the same circuit with the same endocardial barriers as its counterclockwise counterpart and is best con sidered a form of typical flutter. True atypical flutter induced in the EP laboratory is a hetero geneous group of arrhythmias that are transitional to atrial fibrillation. Although it may superficially resemble clockwise or counterclockwise flutter based on the 12-lead ECG alone, the distinction can be readily made from a combined evaluation including activation and entrainment mapping.
Immunochemical Characterization of Inhibitory Mouse Cortical Neurons: Three Chemically Distinct Classes of Inhibitory Cells

The cerebral cortex has diverse types of inhibitory neurons. In rat cortex, past research has shown that parvalbumin (PV), somatostatin (SOM), calretinin (CR), and cholecystokinin (CCK) label four distinct chemical classes of GABAergic interneurons. However, in contrast to rat cortex, previous studies indicate that there is significant colocalization of SOM and CR in mouse cortical inhibitory neurons. In the present study we further characterized immunochemical distinctions among mouse inhibitory cortical neurons by double immunochemical labeling with chemical markers. We found that, PV, SOM, and vasointenstinal peptide (VIP) reliably identify three nonoverlapping distinct subpopulations, as there was no overlap of immunoreactivity between PV and all the other chemical markers tested, and SOM and VIP did not show any overlap in labeled neurons in all the cortical areas. In comparison, there was significant overlap in combinations of other chemical markers. With some laminar and regional variations, the average overlap of SOM/CR (percentage of SOM+ cells expressing CR) and SOM/neuropeptide tyrosine (NPY) across all examined layers and cortical regions was 21.6% and 7.1%, respectively. The average overlap of VIP/CR, VIP/NPY, and CR/NPY was 34.2%, 9.5%, and 10%, respectively. We quantified and assessed the percentages of marker-positive GABAergic cells, and showed that the nonoverlapping subpopulations (i.e., PV+, SOM+ and VIP+ cells) accounted for about 60% of the GABAergic cell population. Taken together, our data reveal important chemical distinctions between mouse inhibitory cortical neurons and indicate that PV, SOM, and VIP can differentially label a majority of mouse inhibitory cortical neurons.
Studies of the cloned 37-kDa subunit of activator 1 (replication factor C) of HeLa cells.

Abstract The elongation of primed DNA templates by DNA polymerase delta and DNA polymerase epsilon requires the action of two accessory proteins, proliferating cell nuclear antigen and activator 1 (A1, also called replication factor C). A1 is an enzyme that contains five different subunits (145, 40, 38, 37, and 36.5 kDa). In this paper, we describe the isolation of the gene encoding the 37-kDa subunit from HeLa cells. This gene was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence shows a high degree of homology to the 40-kDa subunit of A1; they both contain the identical ATP-binding motif, but in contrast to the bacterial expressed 40-kDa protein, the 37-kDa expressed protein did not bind ATP. Both the 37- and 40-kDa proteins share substantial homology with the phage T4 gene 44 protein and to a lesser extent with the tau and gamma subunits of the E. coli DNA polymerase III holoenzyme. Polyclonal antibodies against the bacterially expressed 37- and 40-kDa proteins do not crossreact and are specific in their interaction. Antibodies against the 37-kDa protein maximally inhibited (by 50%) the A1-dependent synthesis of DNA by DNA polymerase delta; antibodies against the 40-kDa protein quantitatively inhibited the same reaction. When A1-dependent synthesis of DNA was partially inhibited by antibodies against the 40-kDa subunit, the addition of antibodies against the 37-kDa subunit inhibited DNA synthesis to a greater extent than the anti-37-kDa antibody alone. These results suggest that both the 37- and 40-kDa subunits of A1 are required for the biological role of A1 and that they may function differently in this process.
On sediment extent and runup of tsunami waves

Abstract Tsunami sediments play an important role in tsunami hazard assessments. Recent tsunami events and their associated tsunami deposits have produced a wealth of sediment data. Surveys of recent tsunami events observed that maximum inland tsunami inundation exceeds the maximum inland extent of sand deposition. A driving question of tsunami sedimentology is whether the difference between maximum tsunami inundation and inland extent of sand can be employed as a measure of inundation for past events for which only the extent of the sand is known. Attempts to infer the causative flow characteristics from these sediments often suffer from uncertainties in the data and from restrictive assumptions made in inversion models. The latter demonstrates that the interaction between the tsunami flow and the movable bed is not fully understood. In our contribution, we employ numerical simulations of tsunami propagation and inundation with MOST and a simple model for deposition. In our simulations, we vary the onshore slope, the initial amplitude, which can be interpreted as offshore wave amplitude, and the grain size. While the initial amplitude and onshore slope influence the difference between maximum inundation and sand extent, the grain size has little effect. The link between the onshore slope, initial amplitude and the difference between the maximum tsunami inundation and inland sediment extent can be employed as a first-order quantitative tool to estimate tsunami flow characteristics and maximum inundation from tsunami deposits. We anticipate these results will improve tsunami hazard assessments and narrow the gap between field observations and numerical simulations.
The use of remote flaps in repairing defects of the face and mouth

Abstract Three types of flaps are described: the forehead flap, the tubed-lined arm flap, and the delayed arm flap. Each of these flaps is useful in extensive repairs of the face and mouth. Three illustrative cases are presented.
Transient Electromagnetic Modeling of the ZR Accelerator Water Convolute and Stack

The ZR accelerator is a refurbishment of Sandia National Laboratories Z accelerator [1]. The ZR accelerator components were designed using electrostatic and circuit modeling tools. Transient electromagnetic modeling has played a complementary role in the analysis of ZR components [2]. In this paper we describe a 3D transient electromagnetic analysis of the ZR water convolute and stack using edge-based finite element techniques.
The Individual Learning Contract

Journal of Black Studies 19: 411-21. 6. Most recently, Bishetta P. Merritt (1986), "Jesse Jackson and Television: Black Image Perception and Affect in the 1984 Democratic Campaign Debates," Journal of Black Studies 16: 347-67; and Steven A. Shull and Albert C. Ringelstein (1989), "Presidential Attention, Support, and Symbolism in Civil Rights, 1953-1984," The Social Science Journal 26: 45-54. 7. A slightly different variation of this model can be used for pre-determined constructs. A very nice discussion is Todd M. Davis and James E. McLean (1988), "Simplifying Ranking Tasks in Survey Research: A Method and Example," Psychological Reports 62: 987-92. 8. Eric Woodrum (1984), " 'Mainstreaming' Content Analysis in Social Science: Methodological Advantages, Obstacles and Solutions," Social Science Research 13: 1-19. 9. Content analysis is a useful way of drawing emotion from words. In her study, Susan B. Shimanoff [(1985) "Expressing Emotions in Words: Verbal Patterns of Interaction," Journal of Communication 35 (Summer): 16-31] demonstrates that the analysis of verbal contents for affect can produce statistically significant interrater reliability scores on fairly simple coding schedules. About the Author
On high-energy scattering by nuclei—II

Abstract A coupled equation description of the scattering of fast particles is formulated. For elastic scattering two coupled channels are employed. One wavefunction describes the elastic channel. The other is an “average” wavefunction which takes into account the collisions which remove the incident particles from the elastic channel. Explicit formulas are given for the coupling and diagonal potentials as obtained from the Kerman, McManus, and Thaler multiple scattering theory which includes the effects of single and double scattering in their nonlocal optical potential. The properties of the target nucleus involved are its density and pair correlation function. These are described in terms of intrinsic coordinates, the relation to model wavefunctions being briefly discussed. Three kinds of correlations are considered; the center-of-mass correlation required of the target nucleons in order that the target recoil as a unit, the exclusion principle or Pauli correlation and the short-range dynamical correlations. The coupling potential is directly related to correlation function vanishing if the correlation funciton vanishes. Numerical calculations are performed for protons of 1.69 Gev/c momentum incident on 4 He and 16 O. It is found that the Pauli correlation has little effect, that the center-of-mass correlation is the dominant correlation effect for the 4 He target but not important for 16 O. The effect of the short-range correlation is measured by the parameter ( r c R )/[1 + 2 r v 2 r c 2 ] where r c is the correlation length, R the nuclear radius, r v the nuclear “force range.” In the heavier nuclei, the effect of short-range correlations is proportional to this parameter; in 4 He, because of interference with the center-of-mass correlation terms, the effect is proportional to its square root. Short-range correlations are thus more difficult to observe for heavier nuclei and when their range is small compared to the ranges of nuclear forces. Absence of required nucleon-nucleon data prevents a definitive statement with respect to the presence of short range correlations. However the present nucleon-nucleon and proton- 4 He data are not inconsistent with the presence of a repulsive short-range correlation.
Acute pancreatitis as a complication of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy.

Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy can be an effective procedure performed with low morbidity. We have observed clinically significant pancreatitis after successful clot extraction by percutaneous thrombectomy. Pancreatitis developed postoperatively in four patients who underwent thrombectomy at our hospital. Each patient experienced abdominal symptoms with serologic and radiographic evidence of pancreatitis ≤24 hours after thrombectomy. The presence of renal failure and extensive clot degradation seemed to be related. Two of the patients underwent surgery that potentially could have been avoided had the etiology of pancreatitis been known preoperatively.
Peace profile: Dorothy day

The life of Dorothy Day embodied a commitment to peace and social justice, infused with remarkable faith and determination. As the co‐founder and primary editor of the Catholic Worker, as well as a journalist, author, and leader of pacifist and social justice movements, Dorothy Day has left an enormous legacy, both inside and outside the Catholic lay community. Two major themes guided Day's life and work: religious faith through the Roman Catholic Church, and a commitment against the human suffering from war, hunger, and poverty. She established the Catholic Worker as a movement grounded in the teachings of Jesus Christ and the Catholic Church, and infused with a progressive radicalism—two forces that posed a tension throughout Day's life. Through faith, passion, and courage, Dorothy challenged the prevailing world order, and sought a place for American Catholic action against injustice.
2002 Snowbird Conference: Stem cells for tolerance and tissue regeneration: In memory of Professor William H Burns

2002 Snowbird Conference: Stem cells for tolerance and tissue regeneration: In memory of Professor William H Burns
Relative reactivities of chemically modified turkey ovomucoids.

Abstract The interactions between avian ovomucoids and bovine trypsin or bovine α-chymotrypsin were found to occur at different rates. The rates are dependent upon the types of ovomucoid and enzyme. In the case of turkey ovomucoid, which is an inhibitor of both trypsin and α-chymotrypsin, the reaction with trypsin was approximately three times more rapid than the reaction with α-chymotrypsin. Chemical modification of either the turkey ovomucoid or the enzymes could change the rate of interaction. Chemical modifications of the ovomucoid by several reagents which formed more acidic derivatives increased by several fold the rate of interaction with α-chymotrypsin. These modifications were acetylation, carbamylation, succinylation, and iodination. Amidination of the ovomucoid, which caused no significant change in charge, did not change the rate.
Model of Static Accommodative Behavior in Human Amblyopia

When a target is moved from far to near, the normal accommodative system responds by changing the crystalline lens power until the blur of the retinal image is reduced to an acceptable level for clear vision. This feedback mechanism, along with the experimentally derived deadspace operator (representing the depth of field), forward-loop gain, and tonic accommodative bias level have been successfully incorporated into a static model of the normal accommodative system. We extended this model to the investigation of static accommodative responses in amblyopic eyes. The experimentally derived accommodative controller gain of the amblyopic eye was typically smaller than in the fellow dominant eye. In addition, the experimentally derived depth of field was increased in most amblyopic eyes, while the accommodative bias showed no consistent difference between the two eyes. The decrease in accommodative controller gain and increase in depth of field were sufficient to account for the reduction of accommodative responses found in amblyopic eyes. Theoretically, the model provides a conceptual framework for understanding the static accommodative deficits found in amblyopic eyes. Practically, the accommodative controller gain parameter provides a means for uniform assessment of normal and abnormal accommodative function, both experimentally and in the clinic environment.
Evidence for multiple satellite cell populations and a non-myogenic cell type that is regulated differently in regenerating and growing skeletal muscle

Abstract We have performed studies to determine if different populations of satellite cells provide nuclei to growing and regenerating skeletal muscle fibers. Satellite cells were isolated from regenerating or growing anterior tibialis muscles, and their phenotypic properties were compared in vitro. Isolates from regenerating muscle contained 31% satellite cells, and those from control muscle contained 66% satellite cells, as determined by their expression of desmin. Among the desmin-positive satellite cells present from each preparation, two distinct populations of satellite cells were evident. Approximately 28% of satellite cell colonies were composed of only large cells, contained less than 50 cells/colony, and were designated as type 1 colonies. The remainder of satellite cell colonies isolated from either regenerating or control muscles were primarily composed of small cells, contained from 60 to 150 cells/colony, and were designated as type 2 colonies. Despite dramatic differences in the ratio of myogenic to non-myogenic cell types, satellite cells from regenerating and control muscles formed myotubes and expressed myosin heavy chain at similar levels. Treatment of regenerating cultures with dexamethasone resulted in a 16% increase in the number of desminpositive colonies and dramatically decreased the proliferation of non-myogenic cells. These results suggest that at least two distinct populations of satellite cells can be isolated from regenerating and control skeletal muscles, and that non-myogenic cells are differentially regulated in regenerating versus non-regenerating environments.
Mechanisms of myocardial infarction in women without angiographically obstructive coronary artery disease.

Background—There is no angiographically demonstrable obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in a significant minority of patients with myocardial infarction, particularly women. We sought to determine the mechanism(s) of myocardial infarction in this setting using multiple imaging techniques. Methods and Results—Women with myocardial infarction were enrolled prospectively, before angiography, if possible. Women with ≥50% angiographic stenosis or use of vasospastic agents were excluded. Intravascular ultrasound was performed during angiography; cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was performed within 1 week. Fifty women (age, 57±13 years) had median peak troponin of 1.60 ng/mL; 11 had ST-segment elevation. Median diameter stenosis of the worst lesion was 20% by angiography; 15 patients (30%) had normal angiograms. Plaque disruption was observed in 16 of 42 patients (38%) undergoing intravascular ultrasound. There were abnormal myocardial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 26 of 44 patients (5...
Gliosarcoma arising from an anaplastic ependymoma: a case report of a rare entity

We report the first case of a gliosarcoma arising from an anaplastic ependymoma and the second case of gliosarcoma arising from any type of ependymal neoplasm. The patient was a 48-year-old woman with a solid and cystic, peripherally enhancing, 7-cm right frontal mass lesion. Histologically, the lesion displayed characteristics of anaplastic ependymoma (grade III, World Health Organization scale). The tumor recurred despite multiple cycles of postoperative radiation and chemotherapy. After the fourth recurrence, the tumor displayed a biphasic pattern of differentiation. The first pattern was similar to the original anaplastic ependymoma, whereas there was a second new sarcomatous pattern resembling fibrosarcoma that was admixed with and overrunning the ependymal component. The spectrum of gliosarcoma is therefore expanded to include not only astrocytic and oligodendroglial components but ependymal components as well.
Factors affecting and methods of determining potato chip quality

Potato processing in the United States is rapidly increasing, now accounting for about 30% of all potatoes consumed as food. About onehalf of this volume is in the form of potato chips. Better methods of growing and storing potatoes and improved techniques of potato chip processing as a result of research has increased the quality, color, flavor and shelf life of the product, thus increasing their sales and consumption.
An Ada interface to lego mindstorms

This article presents an Ada interface to the Lego MindstormsTM RCX "brick", the core element of a commercial product that emerged from a collaboration between the Lego Corporation and MIT's Media Laboratory. Since its arrival on the market in 1998, it has considerable interest in the computing community: a variety of operating systems and language interfaces are available for it, all provided free of charge by people who simply wanted to find out how the RCX workedThe interface described here is in use at the Air Force Academy as part of an experiment in computer science education. Students with no prior programming background are given a pre-built Mindstorms robot and a series of programming challenges, which they then attempt to implement using Ada. Our hope is that the experience of programming robots will provide an effective, efficient, and enjoyable method for conveying essential computer science concepts. We are currently attempting to assess its effectiveness, and hope to present our results at a future date.
Critical wave speeds for a family of scalar reaction-diffusion equations

Abstract We study the set of traveling waves in a class of reaction-diffusion equations for the family of potentials f m ( U ) = 2 U m (1 − U ). We use perturbation methods and matched asymptotics to derive expansions for the critical wave speed that separates algebraic and exponential traveling wave front solutions for m → 2 and m → ∞. Also, an integral formulation of the problem shows that nonuniform convergence of the generalized equal area rule occurs at the critical wave speed.
Diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of hydatid disease of the liver.

Human echinococcosis is still endemic in some areas of the world, including Mediterranean countries. Because there is no effective medical therapy, surgery remains the principal mode of treatment. A consecutive series of 132 patients operated on for liver hydatid disease between January 1977 and February 1993 were analyzed. There were 60 men (45.4%) and 72 women (54.6%) aged 31 to 88 years (mean 56 years). The right lobe of the liver was affected in 68 cases (51.5%), the left lobe in 31 cases (23.5%), and both lobes in 14 cases (10.6%); there were multiple liver cysts in 7 cases (5.3%), concomitant cysts in other parenchymal organs in 4 cases (3.0%), and disseminated intraabdominal hydatid disease in 8 cases (6.1%). Clinical symptomatology consisted of abdominal pain, fever, jaundice, urticaria, and an abdominal mass. Preoperative diagnosis was established using imaging studies: plain abdominal films, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and serologic tests. Three patients (2.3%) underwent simple closure without drainage, 7 patients (5.3%) cyst excision, 4 patients (3.0%) marsupialization, 1 patient (0.8%) left lateral segmentectomy, 15 patients (11.3%) external drainage, 69 patients (52.3%) omentoplasty, and 33 patients (25.0%) combinations of procedures. Postoperative morbidity was low and consisted of hepatic abscess development, wound infection, bowel obstruction, and biliary leaks. Six patients (4.5%) had recurrent disease. One patient died during the postoperative period because of septic complications. Among the surgical techniques we used, excision of the cyst (when feasible) and omentoplasty produced the lowest complication rates and the best clinical results.
Predicting health care use among older osteoarthritis patients in an HMO

Objective. To determine factors that predict health care use among members of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs). Demographic, health, and psychological factors were examined simultaneously. Methods. Participants were HMO members 60 years of age or older who had osteoarthritis (OA). All participants reported symptoms of OA, with 90% of the diagnoses confirmed by evaluation of physician records. Results. Age, the presence of other medical conditions, quality of well-being, and the Health Worries subscale from the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales accounted for 11.2% of the total variance in health care contacts. A model including prior health care use, age, quality of well-being, physical impairment, and pain accounted for 29.5% of the variance in utilization rates. Conclusion. The best single predictor of health care utilization was prior use of the system. Being older, more impaired, and having lower well-being scores were also predictors of health care use.
Control of fledging age in Leach's Storm-Petrel, Oceanodroma leucorhoa: chick development and prefledging mass loss

Summary 1 Leach's Storm-Petrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa) chicks accumulate fat through most of the nestling period, near the end of which they typically weigh 50–100% more than their parents. Much of this excess mass is lost abruptly prior to leaving the nest and fledging itself marks the termination of parental care. 2 In this study, we evaluated the hypothesis that the onset of the prefledging mass loss period coincides with the end of the development period and the completion of structural growth. 3 We characterized the pattern of prefledging mass loss and the timing of fledging with respect to a point (T), based on wing growth, at which structural development stops. Variation in T suggested that development rate is partially influenced by parental food provisioning, particularly early in the nestling period (age 16–20 days) just prior to the onset of rapid primary feather growth. 4 The timing of mass loss and fledging in relation to T suggested that prefledging mass loss begins upon completion of wing growth and that fledging occurs after chicks have reached a mass compatible with sustained flight. Thus, the time to fledging is positively correlated with nestling mass at the end of the development period. 5 The prefledging period of mass loss is a unique phase of anorexia placed between parental feeding and self-feeding in the life of the young petrel.
In vitro metabolism of testosterone-4-14C by canine salivary glands

Testosterone-4-14C (2430 pmol, 0.48 muM) was incubated aerobically in 67 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.4 with homogenates and minces of salivary glands from male dogs. Extracted radiosteroids were resolved by thin-layer chromatography on silica gel, removed and quantitated. Substantially higher NAD+-dependent 17beta-hydroxy-C19-steroid oxidoreductase activity was found in submaxillary gland homogenates than in similar parotid-gland preparations. Preliminary evidence is presented that the enzyme activity per unit wet weight of the minced submaxillary gland is decreased in the 2-week male castrate, in the absence of any recognizable histologic changes in the gland. Testosterone metabolism by canine salivary glands is thus oxidative, contrasting with the reductive 17 beta-hydroxysteroid pathway characteristic of androgen-dependent organs such as the prostate, and is more extensive than in this accessory sex tissue. Our findings suggest that the canine salivary glands are not target organs for circulating male hormone.
Analysis of differential effects of Pb2+ on protein kinase C isozymes.

Protein kinase C has been implicated as a cellular target for Pb2+toxicity. We have previously proposed that Pb2+modulates PKC activity by interacting with multiple sites within the enzyme. In order to further characterize the Pb–PKC interactions we compared the effects of Pb2+on the CA-dependent and -independent protein kinase C isozymes using recombinant human PKC-α, PKC-ϵ, and PKC-ζ as well as the catalytic fragment of bovine brain protein kinase C, the PKC-M. The results demonstrate that, whereas at pM concentrations Pb2+activates PKC-α half maximally (KAct≈ 2 pM), it has no effect on PKC-ϵ, PKC-ζ, or PKC-M activities. The activation of PKC-α by Pb2+is additive with Ca2+in a manner indicating interaction with half of the calcium activation sites. In the micromolar range of concentrations, Pb2+inhibits all PKCs with estimatedK0.5of 1.0, 2.3, 28, and 93 μM for PKC-M, PKC-α, PKC-ϵ, and PKC-ζ, respectively. Examination of Pb2+effects on PKC-M kinetics indicates a mixed type inhibition with respect to ATP and noncompetitive inhibition with respect to histone. Taken together with the results of our previous study (Tomsig and Suszkiw,J. Neurochem.64, 2667–2673, 1995) and the evidence for the existence of two Ca2+coordination sites Ca1 and Ca2 within the C2 domain (Shaoet al., Science [Washington, D.C.]273, 248–251, 1996), the results of the current study provide further support for a multisite Pb–PKC interaction scheme wherein lead (1) partially activates the enzyme through pM-affinity interactions with the Ca1 site and inhibits the divalent cation-dependent activity through nM-affinity interactions with Ca2 site in the C2 domain and (2) inhibits the constitutive kinase activity through μM-affinity interactions with the catalytic domain. The concentration dependence of the differential effects of Pb2+on the calcium-dependent and -independent PKCs underscores the importance of the C2 motif as a high affinity molecular target for Pb2+.
Reduced Integration and Differentiation of the Imitation Network in Autism: A Combined Functional Connectivity Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Study

Objective Converging evidence indicates that brain abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involve atypical network connectivity, but few studies have integrated functional with structural connectivity measures. This multimodal investigation examined functional and structural connectivity of the imitation network in children and adolescents with ASD, and its links with clinical symptoms. Methods Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging were performed in 35 participants with ASD and 35 typically developing controls, aged 8 to 17 years, matched for age, gender, intelligence quotient, and head motion. Results Within-network analyses revealed overall reduced functional connectivity (FC) between distributed imitation regions in the ASD group. Whole brain analyses showed that underconnectivity in ASD occurred exclusively in regions belonging to the imitation network, whereas overconnectivity was observed between imitation nodes and extraneous regions. Structurally, reduced fractional anisotropy and increased mean diffusivity were found in white matter tracts directly connecting key imitation regions with atypical FC in ASD. These differences in microstructural organization of white matter correlated with weaker FC and greater ASD symptomatology. Interpretation Findings demonstrate atypical connectivity of the brain network supporting imitation in ASD, characterized by a highly specific pattern. This pattern of underconnectivity within, but overconnectivity outside the functional network is in contrast with typical development and suggests reduced network integration and differentiation in ASD. Our findings also indicate that atypical connectivity of the imitation network may contribute to ASD clinical symptoms, highlighting the role of this fundamental social cognition ability in the pathophysiology of ASD. Ann Neurol 2015;78:958–969
Men's Self-Compassion and Self-Esteem: The Moderating Roles of Shame and Masculine Norm Adherence

Self-compassion, a relatively new but increasingly popular alternative to self-esteem, has been found to vary by gender, with men reporting greater levels than women. The current study furthers this emerging area of inquiry by addressing the relationships among conformity to masculine norms, trait shame, self-esteem, and self-compassion for 145 heterosexual men. Results demonstrated that higher levels of self-compassion were related to lower masculine norm adherence, lower trait shame, and higher self-esteem. In addition, 2 significant interactions emerged, with shame moderating the relation between masculine norm adherence and both self-esteem and self-compassion. These findings highlight the complex interdependence between emotional disposition and gender orientation in men’s self-concepts.
A developmental perspective on adolescent risk taking in contemporary America.

Adolescent risk-taking behavior must be understood in the context of contemporary youth culture and normal development. To facilitate secure passage through the adolescent transition, parents should sustain a climate of control and commitment balanced by respect for the adolescent's increased capacity for self-regulation.
J02 What are the best cognitive tests for clinical trials? the devil is in the details

Background There are hundreds of publications arguing for the next best cognitive test for HD, yet little uniformity exists among professionals on which criteria determines “best”. Aims Data from over 1300 participants enrolled in the PREDICT-HD study completed annual cognitive exams from 1 to 12 years. Cross-sectional comparisons with healthy controls, longitudinal changes over varying time epochs, as well as efforts to use cognitive test scores as predictors of various outcomes will be shown to challenge the field to develop uniform criteria that might expedite efficient review of the literature as well as the future design of new tests and their validation for HD clinical trials. Methods Findings suggest that the “best cognitive test” varies with the design of the clinical trial as well as the sample recruited for study. The PREDICT-HD participants were stratified into High, Medium, and Low groups based on cumulative genetic toxicity at study entrance. Linear mixed effects regression examined the intercept and longitudinal trend for 29 cognitive variables. All models controlled for age, education, and gender. Models were evaluated using Akaike9s information criterion and likelihood ratio test. Annualised rates of change were obtained. Results Findings showed that utility of cognitive tasks varied in several ways. Some tests were most robust as methods for participant selection (eg, most different from controls or most “predictive” of entering the rapid progressive phase seen immediately prior to motor diagnosis). Other cognitive tests were considered “best” in the amount of change while controlling for practice effects found in controls. Conclusions Findings are discussed in terms of clinical trial design.
Modeling of DoD 25-khz UHF DAMA satellite networks

This paper considers the problem of optimizing "rules based" algorithms for use by a controller for assignment of satellite transponder resources for the DoD Demand Assigned - Time Division Multiple Access (DATDMA) protocol used on 25-kHz UHF SATCOM channels. The Block Oriented Network Simulator BONeS/SUP TM/ by COMDISCO, Inc. was used to develop a baseline model consisting of a DA-TDMA controller, satellite channel, and user terminals. Using service delay as a metric - the number of user terminals, call rates, call durations, call precedence level distribution, and bandwidth available for resource assignment were varied. The mean and variance of the service delay was determined for several such cases. In this paper we present a brief overview of the protocol and model and simulation results are presented in the poster session.
Optical emission from fused silica ejecta following localized exposure to nanosecond laser pulses

We investigate the emission of ejected material during laser ablation of fused silica. The kinetic properties of the ejected particles are also resolved. The results help better understand the transient state of the ejected material.
Sagittal plane biomechanics. American Diabetes Association

During walking, the center of body mass must pass from behind the weightbearing foot to in front of it. For this to take place, the foot must function as a sagittal plane pivot. Because the range required for this motion is approximately five times as great as both frontal and transverse plane motion, its evaluation should become an essential part of a podiatric biomechanical assessment. Lack of proper sagittal plane motion and its sequelae are described.
Process subsystem architecture for virtual manufacturing validation

This paper presents a process subsystem control architecture that facilitates virtual manufacturing validation through the use of common control software to run both the virtual and real subsystem. The approach makes it possible to reduce the number of real prototypes required to develop a validated manufacturing process. Preliminary process control specifications can be tuned through simulation. The architecture is illustrated for a robotic assembly subsystem in a flexible manufacturing cell.
Rapid Progression of Necrotic Lesion of the Mandibular Gingiva in a Pancytopenic Patient

Awomaninher70switha7-yearhistoryofessential thrombocythemiawasdiagnosedashavingacutemyelogenousleukemia4dayspriortohospitaladmissionfor inductionchemotherapy. Shewasfebrileatadmissionandtreatedempiricallywithantifungal,antibiotic,andantiviralmedicationsinthesettingofculturesthatwerenegativefororganisms.Theinitialchemotherapyregimenfailed,requiringamoreaggressiveregimen,whichleft herpancytopenic.Duringthecourseofthesecondchemotherapy treatment, she developed left-sidedmandibular pain. A computed tomographic scan revealed cellulitic changesalong thebuccal cortexof themandible andasmall 2 × 12-mmabscess formation.At initialevaluationbytheotolaryngologyserviceonhospitalday32,shehaddecreasedsensation at the left mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve and ecchymoses along themandibular buccal-gingivalbordersbilaterallywith indurationof the left floorofmouthandbuccalmucosa (Figure,A).Shecontinuedtoreceivebroadspectrumantimicrobialandantifungalcoverage.By hospital day38, thepatienthaddevelopedevidenceof ischemiaandnecrosis along thegingival and lingual aspects of the leftmandibular alveolar ridge, extendingpastmidline to involve mucosaon the right side.Magnetic resonance imaging revealeda7 × 10 × 35-mmabscess involvingbothgingivaland lingualaspectsof the leftanteriormandible (arrowheads) (Figure,B). Biopsy specimensof the rightmandibular gingiva are shown in theFigure, C andD. Quiz at jamaotolaryngology.com Hematoxylin-eosin stain C Gomori methenamine silver D Patient photograph A Magnetic resonance image B
Mexican mayflies : inventory and additions (Ephemeroptera)

The 138 species and subspecies of Ephemeroptera now known to occur in Mexico, of which 35, approximately 25 %, are endemic, are listed along with distributional annotations. New Mexican records are included for Americabaetis lugoi Waltz & McCafferty, Baetodes velmae Cohen & Allen, Drunella coloradensis (Dodds), Farrodes otiesa Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, Plauditus virilis (McDunnough), Tricorythodes fictus Traver, T. texanus Traver, and Varipes lasiobrachius Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty, the latter of which also constitutes a new continental record for the genus Varipes Lugo-Ortiz & McCafferty in North America. Traverella sallei (Navas), n. comb., is transferred from the genus Thraulus.
Introduction to generalized symbolic trajectory evaluation

Symbolic trajectory evaluation (STE) is a lattice-based model checking technology that uses a form of symbolic simulation. It offers an alternative to 'classical' symbolic model checking that, within its domain of applicability, often is much easier to use and much less sensitive to state explosion. The limitation of STE, however, is that it can only express and verify properties over finite time intervals. In this paper, we present a generalized STE (GSTE) that extends STE style model checking to properties over infinite time intervals. We further strengthen the power of GSTE by introducing a form of backward symbolic simulation. It can be shown that these extensions together with a notion of fairness give STE the power to verify all /spl omega/-regular properties. The generalization also gives one the power to choose and adjust the level of model abstraction in a verification effort. We shall use a large-scale industrial memory design to demonstrate the strength and practicality of GSTE.
Spatial effectiveness of the mask: Lateral inhibition in visual backward masking

Introducing a figure into a masking flash results in visual backward masking under conditions where a homogeneous masking flash does not suppress target detection. It is possible to analyze the spatial effects of such a masking figure in terms of lateral inhibition. It is hypothesized that incorporating a figure into the masking flash changes the inhibitory pattern the mask produces in the visual system. The interaction between the firing pattern produced by the mask and the residual inhibition from the preceding target presentation results in a phenomenal representation different from that produced by either the target or the mask alone.
DYSTROPHIN-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS AND THE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHIES

Discovery of the gene encoding the protein dystrophin delineated not only the cause of Duchenne dystrophy but also an expanding family of at least eight different dystrophin-associated muscle proteins. These include two that span the membrane (the dystroglycans), at least five within the membrane (the sarcoglycans), and a submembrane protein (utrophin). In recent years, defects in the genes for several of these proteins have been identified in several different muscular dystrophies. The spectrum of clinical deficits associated with these genetic lesions is broad, but typically it encompasses both milder proximal myopathies characteristic of limb-girdle dystrophy and more severe disorders reminiscent of Duchenne dystrophy. These discoveries will provide the basis both for improved understanding of physiology of this complex of proteins at the muscle membrane and for new strategies in the treatment of muscular dystrophy.
Interference rejection in FFH systems using least squares estimation techniques

A fast frequency-hopped (FFH) receiver which uses a prewhitening filter to reject narrowband interference is described. By using an appropriate fractional tap spacing, it is shown that interference can be estimated independently of the desired signal. Bit error rate results are presented for the receiver for linear square-law combining. The results compare favorably to those obtained by a near-optimal automatic gain-control (AGC) combining technique. The performance of the prewhitening filter interference rejection method is shown to be superior to that of a nonparametric self-normalizing receiver. Finally, simulation results for an FFH receiver using the complex least mean-square (LMS) algorithm to update the prewhitening filter coefficients are presented. >