cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
BIOMARKERS FOR MALIGNANCY IN THE COLUMNAR-LINED ESOPHAGUS

The biological mechanisms underlying the progression from normal esophageal squamous mucosa to Barrett's epithelium associated with dysplasia and finally to esophageal adenocarcinoma is becoming increasingly well understood. Histologic determination of Barrett's-associated dysplasia remains of paramount importance; however, genetic and biochemical biomarkers of Barrett's metaplasia and dysplasia will facilitate clinical diagnosis, endoscopic surveillance, and monitoring of new therapeutic interventions as they evolve. This article covers conventional and novel biomarkers in Barrett's esophagus.
Studies on the antimicrobial properties of N-acylated ciprofloxacins.

Abstract Fluoroquinolone antibiotics have been a mainstay in the treatment of bacterial diseases. The most notable representative, ciprofloxacin, possesses potent antimicrobial activity; however, a rise in resistance to this agent necessitates development of novel derivatives to prolong the clinical lifespan of these antibiotics. Herein we have synthesized and analyzed the antimicrobial properties of a library of N-acylated ciprofloxacin analogues. We find that these compounds are broadly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with many proving more effective than the parental drug, and several possessing MICs ⩽1.0 μg/ml against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Bartonella species. An analysis of spontaneous mutation frequencies reveals very low potential for resistance in MRSA compared to existing fluoroquinolones. Mode of action profiling reveals that modification of the piperazinyl nitrogen by acylation does not alter the effect of these molecules towards their bacterial target. We also present evidence that these N-acylated compounds are highly effective at killing intracellular bacteria, suggesting the suitability of these antibiotics for therapeutic treatment.
A persistent infection in MDCK cells by an influenza type B virus

A persistent infection in Madin Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells by an influenza B virus (B/Tecumseh/63/80) has been established and characterized. Virus recovered from the persistent state titrated lower in relation to the parental wild-type (wt) that initiated the infection as measured by hemagglutination and egg and tissue culture infectious dose, suggesting that the virus is a less cytopathic variant of the original wt virus. The persistent virus (pv) has decreased cytopathology for both MDCK and primary chick kidney (PCK) cell lines, and exhibits different RNA and protein electrophoretic migrations. Plaques of the persistent virus are smaller and take longer to appear, indicating that the pv is a slower growing variant of the wt. The small plaque mutant phenotype may play a role in the maintenance of the persistent infection in MDCK cells. The pv differs from the wt antigenically and in its ability to form deposits of uric acid-like crystals beneath the culture monolayers.
Directed evolution of aryl carrier proteins in the enterobactin synthetase

The recognition of carrier proteins by multiple catalytic partners occurs in every cycle of chain elongation in the biosynthesis of fatty acids and of the pharmacologically important polyketide and nonribosomal peptide natural products. To dissect the features of carrier proteins that determine specific recognition at distinct points in assembly lines, we have used the two-module Escherichia coli enterobactin synthetase as a model system. Using an entB knockout strain, we developed a selection for growth on iron-limiting medium to evolve aryl carrier protein domains. The aryl carrier proteins from VibB of Vibrio cholerae vibriobactin and HMWP2 of Yersinia pestis yersiniabactin assembly lines were evolved by random mutagenesis to support growth under selection conditions, yielding a convergent set of mutations. Subsequent in vitro biochemical characterizations with partner enzymes EntE, EntF, and Sfp on the evolved VibB aryl carrier protein revealed a ≈500-fold improvement in reconstituted enterobactin production activity. Mechanistic characterization identified three distinct specific recognition surfaces of VibBArCP for three catalytic partners in enterobactin biosynthesis. Our results suggest that heterologous carrier protein interactions can be engineered with a small number of mutations given a suitable selection scheme and provide insights for reprogramming nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis.
Effect of focal geometry on radiation from atomic ionization in an ultrastrong and ultrafast laser field

We use a tunneling--Monte Carlo model to calculate the dynamics and emitted Larmor radiation from electrons ionized in an ultrashort and ultrastrong pulsed laser focus over the intensity range from ${10}^{17}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{10}^{20}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We find the spatial variation of a laser field affects the radiation and can no longer be neglected at laser intensities leading to relativistic effects. We identify three regimes for the interaction as a function of the ratio of the single cycle quiver amplitude of the photoelectron to the laser focus waist. Adopting a one-dimensional or plane wave approximation when the laser driven excursion of the photoelectron exceeds the focus waist overestimates the total radiated energy by as much as an order of magnitude. Despite this, the spectral amplitude of the highest-energy photons from ionization in a laser focus is comparable to the plane wave case for excursions up to the beam waist since the laser focus imparts an extra boost of speed for electrons exiting the focus. Full spatial and temporal integration that includes the ionization of charge states before the peak of the pulse do not differ significantly from results that include only the radiation from ionization of the charge state at the peak of the laser field.
Plasma pencil atmospheric mass spectrometry detection of positive ions from micronutrients emitted from surfaces

Analysis and detection of micronutrients is important for the reduction of the global burden of malnutrition-related disease. A relatively new technique, plasma pencil atmospheric mass spectrometry (PPAMS) was applied in a comprehensive evaluation for rapid, simultaneous detection of the key micronutrients zinc, iron, folate, vitamin A, and iodine. PPAMS was performed through the coupling of a low-temperature plasma pencil to an atmospheric mass spectrometer. The effectiveness of the PPAMS system was demonstrated through the generation of characteristic mass spectra and tandem mass spectra on neat micronutrient powders suspended on double-sided tape. The analytical performance and ability to qualitatively separate out the nutrients from a complex biological solution and each other was then assessed through the application of PPAMS on a sample matrix of micronutrients in porcine plasma in which nutrient concentration is varied from high blood level concentrations (HBLCs) to low blood level concentrations (LBLCs). A multivariate analysis method, principal component analysis (PCA), was then used to qualitatively separate the fragments obtained by nutrient type. The resulting plots of PCA scores of the positive-ion spectra from each mixed sample showed excellent separation of HBLCs and LBLCs of single nutrients at the 95% confidence level (Wagner et al. Langmuir 2001, 17, 4649-4660). The associated plots of PCA loadings showed that key loadings could be attributed to the expected micronutrient fragments. The PPAMS technique was successfully demonstrated and compared with traditional MS techniques: time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Separation of the nutrients at concentrations relevant for human blood-based nutrient detection was possible by both ESI-MS and PPAMS. However, only PPAMS could detect the nutrients at physiological concentrations from porcine plasma. ToF-SIMS could detect the nutrients from plasma solution but required 5 to 1000-times higher concentrations of folate, vitamin A, and iodine to achieve adequate separation of the micronutrients by PCA.
27 EFFECT OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ON BLOOD VOLUME, BLOOD VISCOSITY AND PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION IN NEONATES

27 EFFECT OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION ON BLOOD VOLUME, BLOOD VISCOSITY AND PERIPHERAL CIRCULATION IN NEONATES
Productivity of Emerging Word Combinations in Toddlers With Specific Expressive Language Impairment

This study investigated whether young children with specific expressive language impairment (SELI) learn to combine words according to general positional rules or specific, grammatic relation rules. The language of 20 children with SELI (4 females, 16 males, mean age of 33 months, mean MLU of 1.34) was sampled weekly for 9 weeks. Sixteen of these children also received treatment for two-word combinations (agent+action or possessor+possession). Two different metrics were used to determine the productivity of combinatorial utterances. One metric assessed productivity based on positional consistency alone; another assessed productivity based on positional and semantic consistency. Data were analyzed session-by-session as well as cumulatively. The results suggest that these children learned to combine words according to grammatic relation rules. Results of the session-by-session analysis were less informative than those of the cumulative analysis. For children with SELI ready to make the transition to multiwo...
Recombinant antibody piezoimmunosensors for the detection of cytochrome P450 1B1.

The phase I enzyme known as cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is involved in the metabolism of many endogenous and exogenous compounds, including carcinogens. CYP1B1 is overexpressed in a wide variety of human diseases ranging from diabetes to malignancies, such as invasive breast cancer. Because of its microsomal location in the cell, CYP1B1 could not be measured directly by existing methods but only assessed indirectly via the determination of the catalytic products. We report here a rapid, sensitive piezoimmunosensor for detection of CYP1B1 using single-chain fragment variable antibodies (scFv) as recognition elements and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) as the transducer. Three anti-CYP1B1 scFvs (designated B-66, D-23, and L-21) were biotinylated and used to capture and specifically detect CYP1B1 from samples in solution. ScFvs are smaller than most commonly used antibodies and can be coated onto QCM surfaces at much higher density to improve sensor sensitivity and specificity. The scFv-QCM biosensors s...
Effects of Bearing Geometry on Low-speed Torque Ripple

WHEN a bearing or a bearing system is rotated, the various friction processes in that bearing combine to make up the microscopic parameter, torque. Although for many applications the absolute magnitude of this parameter is of interest, the torque itself is only a partial expression of the condition of the friction surfaces. In any rotating system (especially at low speeds), the torque has fine structure consisting of apparently random variations in the time domain about a nominal or “average” torque value. These variations, or torque ripple, have been shown to result from the individual friction processes at the various ball-race interfaces. In this laboratory the frequency content of this torque ripple has been correlated with the geometric condition of the bearing surfaces for low speed (about 1.5° s−1) rotation of an angular contact bearing.
Current Leakage Through Cascaded Cells

The current leakage through cascaded cells is usually small, but it may become quite large when a large number of cells are cascaded and combined into a single unit. A method of calculating the current leakage based upon Kirchhoff's law is presented with certain simplifications to facilitate its application. Methods of minimizing the amount of leakage current are suggested.
Concepts of Healthy Diet Among Urban, Low-Income, African Americans

We sought to explore concepts of healthy diet and to elicit recommendations to support healthier eating among urban, low-income, African Americans. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 self-identified African American adults (18–81 years of age, 15 male participants) from a low-income neighborhood in west Philadelphia, PA, during summer and fall 2008. Our qualitative approach was continuous, iterative and thematic considering gender, age category, and participants’ “mentions” of fast-food and fruit-and-vegetable intake from the preceding day. We found that participants shared concepts about broad nutritional principles consistent with national dietary recommendations, but disagreed about the healthfulness of specific foods—e.g. meat. On average—with little variation—participants reported eating >2 “mentions” more of fast foods the preceding day than fruits and vegetables (P < 0.001). Suggested strategies to help promote eating more produce included increasing exposure, advertising, affordability, and local availability (vice versa to limit fast-food consumption), and more education on the health effects of diet and how to find and prepare healthy foods. Women’s ideas reflected their roles in food shopping and food preparation; otherwise, participants’ ideas did not differ appreciably by gender or age. Overall, participants generally expressed sufficient understanding of nutritional principles to eat healthfully, but disagreed about the healthfulness of specific foods and described largely unhealthy dietary consumption from the preceding day. If poor dietary intake results from barriers to recognizing, purchasing, and preparing healthy foods, then participants’ suggestions to increase education and modify the environment may lead to improved diets and better health in the community.
The Guatemalan Military And the Escuela Politecnca

The virtual monopoly of Guatemala's national military academy, the Escuela Politέcnica, in preparing officers, and the central position of the officer corps in that nation's power structure make the school a consequential elite-forming institution in Guatemalan society. Founded in 1873, the Politέcnica early evolved under Spanish influence and later (1931-45) was shaped along lines of West Point by U.S. officers. Admission by examination democratizes access to the school. The program, in which attrition is high, is designed to produce graduates who identify the army with the nation, possess intense loyalty to both, and are competent managers of violence. In many ways, the brotherhood of Politέcnica graduates is the most powerful elite in the country, its power unimpaired by the election of a civilian president in 1985.
Investigations into Performance of Minimally Invasive Telesurgery with Feedback Time Delays

This paper describes the testbed telesurgery system that was developed in MIT's Human Machine Systems Laboratory. This system was used to investigate the effects of communication time delays on controller stability and on the performance of surgical tasks. The system includes a bilateral force-reflecting teleoperator system, interchangeable surgical tools, audio and video communication between the master and slave sites, and methods to generate time delays between the sites. To compensate for the time delays, various control schemes were investigated, leading to the development and selection of fuzzy sliding control (FSC). With a stable teleoperator system, experiments in performing a variety of surgical exercises were conducted. These looked at the performance of a team of a telesurgeon and local assistant given a number of different time-delay scenarios, including synchronous and asynchronous force and audio/video feedback. The results of the research project include the development of the novel FSC algorithm, data on how time delays degrade performance of surgical tasks, and recommendations on how telesurgery should be performed to accommodate telecommunication time delays.
Laser safety and hazard analysis for the temperature stabilized BSLT ARES laser system.

A laser safety and hazard analysis was performed for the temperature stabilized Big Sky Laser Technology (BSLT) laser central to the ARES system based on the 2000 version of the American National Standards Institute's (ANSI) Standard Z136.1, for Safe Use of Lasers and the 2000 version of the ANSI Standard Z136.6, for Safe Use of Lasers Outdoors. As a result of temperature stabilization of the BSLT laser the operating parameters of the laser had changed requiring a hazard analysis based on the new operating conditions. The ARES laser system is a Van/Truck based mobile platform, which is used to perform laser interaction experiments and tests at various national test sites.
The Kontorovich–Lebedev transformation on distributions of compact support and its inversion†

1. During the past decade a variety of integral transformations have been extended to various classes of distributions. However, one important integral transformation, which has defied such generalization, is the Kontorovich–Lebedev transformation. The objective of this note is to alter that situation.
Compact size and low insertion loss Chebyshev-function bandpass filters using dual-mode patch resonators

A compact Chebyshev-function bandpass filter using dual-mode patch resonators is proposed. The filter presents 75% size reduction compared with the conventional Chebyshev bandpass filter using two square patch resonators. Because of inset feeding and only one coupling gap being required, the new filters can achieve a low insertion loss of 1.1 dB and reduce the fabrication uncertainties.
The House Committee on Ways and Means: Conflict Management in a Congressional Committee *

The House Committee on Ways and Means, according to its members, is assigned the responsibility of resolving some of the most partisan issues coming before Congress: questions of taxation, social welfare legislation, foreign trade policy, and management of a national debt which exceeds $300 billion.' Yet members of the Committee also contend, at the same time, that they handle most of these problems in a "responsible" way. A Republican member of Ways and Means echoed the views of his fellow Committee members when he said "it's the issues that are partisan, not the members." A Democratic member went so far as to claim that Ways and Means is "as bipartisan a committee as you have in the House." And a Treasury Department official who has worked closely with Ways and Means for several years believes that it is a
Numerical analysis of the precursor fields in linear dispersive pulse propagation

A fast, accurate numerical algorithm based on the Laplace transform is presented. By using this algorithm, the high-frequency structure present at the onset of the precursor field for both the delta-function pulse and the unit-step-function-modulated signal has been resolved. A comparison of the results with those obtained by modern asymptotic techniques demonstrates the ability of this numerical method to resolve the high-frequency structure associated with the onset of the Sommerfeld precursor field.
The Shape of Things to Come: Future Potential of "Heavy Node" Multi-Core HPC Architectures

The Top 500 list has been tracking supercomputers since the early 1990s. The bulk of those systems, especially recently, have been built from leading edge commodity microprocessors. This paper analyzes potential future characteristics of such systems in the light of the advent of power-constrained multi-core microprocessors. The resulting predictions indicate that such systems will not be able, by themselves, to keep up traditional trend lines.
Mechanics of Dynamic Needle Insertion into a Biological Material

During needle-based procedures, transitions between tissue layers often lead to rupture events that involve large forces and tissue deformations and produce uncontrollable crack extensions. In this paper, the mechanics of these rupture events is described, and the effect of insertion velocity on needle force, tissue deformation, and needle work is analyzed. Using the J integral method from fracture mechanics, rupture events are modeled as sudden crack extensions that occur when the release rate J of strain energy concentrated at the tip of the crack exceeds the fracture toughness of the material. It is shown that increasing the velocity of needle insertion will reduce the force of the rupture event when it increases the energy release rate. A nonlinear viscoelastic Kelvin model is then used to predict the relationship between the deformation of tissue and the rupture force at different velocities. The model predicts that rupture deformation and work asymptotically approach minimum values as needle velocity increases. Consequently, most of the benefit of using a higher needle velocity can be achieved using a finite velocity that is inversely proportional to the relaxation time of the tissue. Experiments confirm the analytical predictions with multilayered porcine cardiac tissue.
The record of Pliocene sea-level change at Enewetak Atoll

Abstract Detailed seismic stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy, and chemostratigraphy indicate that atoll-wide subaerial exposure surfaces (major disconformities) developed during major sea-level lowstands form prominent seismic reflectors and are coincident with biostratigraphic breaks in the Plio-Pleistocene on Enewetak Atoll. Sea-level models based on the stratigraphic position and age of major disconformities suggest a maximum sea-level highstand elevation of 36 m above present sea level and a maximum sea-level lowstand elevation of 63 m below present sea level for the Pliocene.
A compositional logic for control flow

We present a program logic, $\mathcal{L}_{c}$, which modularly reasons about unstructured control flow in machine-language programs. Unlike previous program logics, the basic reasoning units in $\mathcal{L}_{c}$ are multiple-entry and multiple-exit program fragments. $\mathcal{L}_{c}$ provides fine-grained composition rules to compose program fragments. It is not only useful for reasoning about unstructured control flow in machine languages, but also useful for deriving rules for common control-flow structures such as while-loops, repeat-until-loops, and many others. We also present a semantics for $\mathcal{L}_{c}$ and prove that the logic is both sound and complete with respect to the semantics. As an application, $\mathcal{L}_{c}$ and its semantics have been implemented on top of the $\mathcal{L}_{c}$ machine language, and are embedded in the Foundational Proof-Carrying Code project to produce memory-safety proofs for machine-language programs.
Understanding Standardized Tests

You will often be surprised by what your students can and will learn, particularly when they are taught well. They will be able to stretch to heights that could not have been predicted. In point of fact, you, and they, will often have been told that these heights were unattainable. Do not believe this.
C1qRP is a heavily O-glycosylated cell surface protein involved in the regulation of phagocytic activity.

C1q, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), and pulmonary surfactant protein A (SPA) interact with human monocytes and macrophages, resulting in the enhancement of phagocytosis of suboptimally opsonized targets. mAbs that recognize a cell surface molecule of 126,000 Mr, designated C1qRP, have been shown to inhibit C1q- and MBL-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis. Similar inhibition of the SPA-mediated enhancement of phagocytosis by these mAbs now suggests that C1qRP is a common component of a receptor for these macromolecules. Ligation of human monocytes with immobilized R3, a IgM mAb recognizing C1qRP, also triggers enhanced phagocytic capacity of these cells in the absence of ligand, verifying the direct involvement of this polypeptide in the regulation of phagocytosis. While the cDNA for C1qRP encodes a 631 amino acid membrane protein, Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with the cDNA of the C1qRP coding region express a surface glycoprotein with the identical 126,000 Mr in SDS-PAGE as the native C1qRP. Use of glycosylation inhibitors, cleavage of the mature C1qRP with specific glycosidases, and in vitro translation of C1qRP cDNA demonstrated that both posttranslational glycosylation and the nature of the amino acid sequence of the protein contribute to the difference between its predicted m.w. and its migration on SDS-PAGE. These results verify that the cDNA cloned codes for the mature C1qRP, that C1qRP contains a relatively high degree of O-linked glycoslyation, and that C1qRP cross-linked directly by monoclonal anti-C1qRP or engaged as a result of cell surface ligation of SPA, as well as C1q and MBL, enhances phagocytosis.
Packet error probabilities for FHMA radio networks with radio-threshold test and unequal, power levels

The authors investigate the multiple-access capability of spatially distributed packet radio networks which employ frequency-hopping spread-spectrum signaling, random hopping patterns, and Reed-Solomon (RS) coding with errors-and-erasures decoding via the radio-threshold test. In addition to multiple access interference, thermal noise is present in the channel. Using Laguerre-series expansions for the statistics of the envelope of a sum of randomly phased sinusoids in Gaussian noise, analytic expressions for the probabilities of symbol events are obtained. These expressions can be accurately and rapidly evaluated compared to direct numerical integration. The general setup is applicable to the important case of varying and random amplitudes, which is related to the near-far problem in terrestrial radio networks. >
A weighted least squares method for inverse dynamic analysis

Internal forces in the human body can be estimated from measured movements and external forces using inverse dynamic analysis. Here we present a general method of analysis which makes optimal use of all available data, and allows the use of inverse dynamic analysis in cases where external force data is incomplete. The method was evaluated for the analysis of running on a partially instrumented treadmill. It was found that results correlate well with those of a conventional analysis where all external forces are known.
High-resolution patterning electronic polymers using dopant induced solubility control (Presentation Recording)

Organic electronics promise to provide flexible, large-area circuitry such as photovoltaics, displays, and light emitting diodes that can be fabricated inexpensively from solutions. A major obstacle to this vision is that most conjugated organic materials are miscible, making solution-based fabrication of multilayer or micro- to nanoscale patterned films problematic. Here we demonstrate that the solubility of prototypical conductive polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) can be reversibly “switched off” using high electron affinity molecular dopants, then later recovered with light or a suitable dedoping solution. Using this technique, we are able to stack mutually soluble materials and laterally pattern polymer films using evaporation of dopants through a shadow mask or with light, achieving sub-micrometer, optically limited feature sizes. After forming these structures, the films can be dedoped without disrupting the patterned features; dedoped films have identical optical characteristics, charge carrier mobilities, and NMR spectra as as-cast P3HT films. This method greatly simplifies solution-based device fabrication, is easily adaptable to current manufacturing workflows, and is potentially generalizable to other classes of materials.
Reproducing Occupational Inequality: Motherhood and Occupational Segregation

This paper examines how motherhood is associated with occupational segregation, paying careful attention to how motherhood affects labor force withdrawal in ways that may obscure its relevance for occupational segregation. Using data on eleven countries from the Luxembourg Income Study (2000–2007), we find that mothers are more likely than childless women to be out of the labor force and both over-and under-represented in certain occupations. Variation in mothers’ occupational segregation across countries is consistent with expectations derived from theoretical arguments about how states reconcile, or fail to reconcile, women’s employment and motherhood.
Diabetic Plantar Ulcers Treated by Total Contact Casting A Clinical Report

The purpose of this clinical report is to describe the healing times of plantar ulcers treated by total contact casting (TCC) in nondiabetic and diabetic patients with and without evidence of severe peripheral vascular disease. Thirty patients with 33 chronic plantar ulcers were treated by applying total contact walking casts. Results demonstrate that 27 of 33 ulcers (81.8%) healed in an average time of 43.6 days. Healing times of patients with severe peripheral vascular disease secondary to diabetes mellitus are similar to those of patients without evidence of vascular disease. These results indicate that TCC is an effective and rapid treatment for chronic plantar ulcers in patients with or without vascular compromise secondary to diabetes mellitus. In addition, the results suggest that pressure reduction on the insensitive foot should be considered in treatment.
Mathematizing Nature's Messiness: Graphical Representations of Variation in Ecology, 1930-present

This article explores the rise of the line graph and an associated statistical method, linear regression, in ecology. At the turn of the 20 th century, many ecologists studied variation in organismal traits, like height and weight, among populations of a species. The statistical practice of "polygons of variation" emerged out of such studies. But between 1930 and 1950, polygons of variation were gradually eclipsed by line graphs. Motivated by the recent and disastrous Dust Bowl, American ecologists began to place organismal variables and environmental variables on the same graph. They began to use linear regression, a then-obscure statistical method first developed to study whether parents passed their morphological traits onto offspring, to interpret these graphs. This use of linear regression marked an important shift in how ecologists interpreted biological variation. Variation—once ecologists' object of study—was now noise. Yet ecologists did not abandon their commitment to the idea that nature is complex, various, and interconnected. Rather, they came to read biologically meaningful patterns in seemingly "messy" graphs, using linear regression differently than other scientists, even those in closely allied disciplines. I situate this analysis in a broad STS literature on modeling that has tended to analyze the decision to model, or the choice of variables to include in a model, rather than how practitioners interpret the models they choose. I contend that not only has ecologists' use of linear regression shaped understandings of nature, but ecologists' understandings of nature have also shaped their use of linear regression.
Postcoxsackievirus B3 Myocardiopathy in Mice

Summary“Idiopathic myocardiopathy” in man may represent a sequel to an antecedent coxsackievirus infection. To test this hypothesis and to elucidate the possible pathogenetic mechanisms involved, the following studies were performed. Weanling mice were inoculated ip with 3 × 104 TCID50 of coxsackievirus B3 (Nancy). Five days later myocarditis could be demonstrated by viral isolation from the heart and by the presence of acute inflammation, necrosis and early mineralization. Thirty days after infection when the virus could no longer be recovered, the inflammatory response continued although there was evidence of simultaneous healing. Six months later there was extensive fibrosis and calcification, but scattered foci of chronic inflammation persisted. Delayed hypersensitivity to cardiac and viral antigens was studied in these mice by the macrophage migration inhibition method. Thirty days after infection no delayed hypersensitivity could be demonstrated to antigens prepared from a crude saline extract of no...
CCR6 expression in colon cancer is associated with advanced disease and supports epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition

Adjuvant chemotherapy offered to treat colon cancer is based on the TNM staging system, which often fails due to molecular heterogeneity and undefined molecular mechanisms independent of TNM. Therefore, identification of markers to better predict therapeutic option and outcome is needed. In this study we have characterised the clinical association of CCR6 with colon cancer and defined CCR6-mediated molecular pathway. Immunohistochemistry, RT-qPCR, western blot and FACS were used to determine expression of CCR6 and/or EMT markers in colon tissues/cells. BrdU assay and trans-well system were used to determine cell proliferation, migration and invasion in response to CCL20. CCR6 was higher in cancer cases compared to normal adjacent tissue and expression was associated with nodal status and distant metastasis. Similarly, CCR6 expression was higher in cells derived from node-positive cases and highest expression was in cells derived from metastatic cases. Significant changes in EMT markers, that is, E-cadherin, vimentin, β-catenin, N-cadherin, α-SMA, SNAILl and ZEB1 were observed in response to CCL20 along with decreased proliferation, increased migratory and invasive potential. Results suggest CCR6 as a potential therapeutic target as well as biomarker in addition to nodal status for predicting therapeutic option.
Mental status of guardians of children with cerebral palsy analysis and countermeasure during the recovery of rehabilitating training

Objective:To investigate the mental status of guardians of children with cerebral palsy undertaken rehabilitating training and make corresponding countermeasures.Methods:Parents or other synchronously living guardians(grandparents,adoptive grandparents) of 107 cerebral palsy undertaken rehabilitating training for more than 3 course of treatment were selected from Children Rehabilitating Medicine in our hospital from September 2004 to September 2009.Having known the fact,totally 107 guardians consented to receive the survey including male 51 and female 56,aged from 22 to 65 years.We analyzed their mental characteristics and gave appropriate mental nurse.Results:Mental statuses of Guardians were affected by the educational level,those who had attended high school or more were more confident of healing treat ments than those who hadn't been to high school.The burdening ratios of medical treatment expense also affected guardians' mental,those who have socialized medicine or medicare were more different than those who haven't.According to guardians' mental,we knew and analyzed their characteristics adequately so we gave appropriate mental nurse to help their children finish rehabilitate.Conclusion:There is remarkable difference in the mental health status between guardians of children with cerebral palsy undergoing rehabilitating training,their educational level and the burdening ratio of medical treatment expense impose on the mental health of guardians of children with cerebral palsy undertaking rehabil itating training.But the educational level has influence on the mental health status in the guardians of children with cere bral palsy.
Synthesis of tumor necrosis factor α for use as a mirror-image phage display target

Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNFα) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a central role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disease. Here we describe the chemical synthesis of L-TNFα along with the mirror-image D-protein for use as a phage display target. The synthetic strategy utilized native chemical ligation and desulfurization to unite three peptide segments, followed by oxidative folding to assemble the 52 kDa homotrimeric protein. This synthesis represents the foundational step for discovering an inhibitory D-peptide with the potential to improve current anti-TNFα therapeutic strategies.
UbFluor: a mechanism-based probe for HECT E3 ligases

Homologues to E6AP Carboxyl Terminus E3 ubiquitin ligases (HECT, ∼28 known) are genetically implicated in cancer, neurological, hypertensive, and autoimmune disorders, and are potential drug targets to treat these diseases. The major bottleneck in the field of HECT E3s is a lack of simple assays to quantify the enzymatic activity of these enzymes in the presence of small molecules. Typical assays require E1, E2, HECT E3, ubiquitin (Ub), ATP and additional reagents to detect the resulting free poly-ubiquitin chains. To address this need, we developed UbFluor, a fluorescent thioester conjugate between the C-terminus of Ub and fluorescein-thiol (Fluor-SH). UbFluor is a mechanism-based probe that undergoes a direct transthiolation reaction with the catalytic cysteine of the model HECT E3 ligase Rsp5, producing the catalytically active Rsp5∼Ub (∼ indicates thioester) accompanied by release of Fluor-SH. The kinetics of this two-component reaction can be easily monitored with real-time fluorescence polarization (FP) assays. Importantly, UbFluor eliminates the need to use SDS-PAGE, ATP, E1 and E2 enzymes, and extra poly-ubiquitin chain detection reagents. Although the developed system lacks ATP, and E1 and E2 enzymes, we show that UbFluor can recapitulate the native ubiquitination reaction by detecting and quantifying defects in transthiolation and isopeptide ligation of Rsp5 HECT E3 alanine mutants. Based on our findings, we show that UbFluor can be utilized to conduct high-throughput screens (HTS) of small molecules against HECT ligases.
A 5 MHz, 12 V, 10 A, monolithically integrated two-phase series capacitor buck converter

This paper presents the first monolithically integrated two-phase series capacitor buck converter. This converter achieves over 60 A/cm3 current density. The series capacitor buck converter topology enables high frequency (HF) operation up to 5 MHz per phase without special magnetics or compound semiconductors. An adaptive constant on-time controller provides fast load transient response and fixed frequency operation in steady state. The series capacitor is precharged before switching and monitored to protect against faults. Experimental results for a 12 V input, 1.2V/10A output application demonstrate higher peak efficiency than a conventional buck converter while operating at 4 times higher switching frequency.
Ethics and Trustworthiness

1. Imagine that you are reading a qualitative research study. Given that the natural — and appropriate — attitude to take is to be skeptical of any research study: a) How could the researcher convince you that she has fairly and honestly represented the research context, participants, and events? b) How could she persuade you to accept her research findings? c) How could the researcher show you that this research is useful and meaningful for you in your own research or professional context? 2. Next, imagine that a teacher working at the same school as you is doing a qualitative research study. He has asked you if he could observe you teaching, and then interview some of your students. Consider the following questions. a) What kind of assurances would you like him to make to you so that you would feel comfortable participating in his study? b) What assurances do you think that your students would want?
Clinical Phenotypes of Autosomal Recessive Ataxias

An overview of the most common autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxias is presented by researchers at the UCLA Ataxia Center, Los Angeles.
A 2-15 GHz built-in-self-test system for wide-band phased arrays using self-correcting 8-state I/Q mixers

A built-in-self-test (BIST) system for wide-band phase arrays channels is presented. The BIST is implemented using an on-chip I/Q receiver with an integrated ring-oscillator that provides both the channel test signal and the mixer local oscillator (LO). The BIST achieves wide-band accuracy for relative phase and gain measurements at 2–15 GHz using a one-time self-correction algorithm with 8 LO phases. The BIST measurements agree well with the VNA S-parameter data over a wide frequency range. To our knowledge, this is the first implementation of high accuracy wide-band BIST system for phased-array channels.
Structural, optical, and electrical properties of phase-controlled cesium lead iodide nanowires

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3), in its black perovskite phase, has a suitable bandgap and high quantum efficiency for photovoltaic applications. However, CsPbI3 tends to crystalize into a yellow non-perovskite phase, which has poor optoelectronic properties, at room temperature. Therefore, controlling the phase transition in CsPbI3 is critical for practical application of this material. Here we report a systematic study of the phase transition of one-dimensional CsPbI3 nanowires and their corresponding structural, optical, and electrical properties. We show the formation of perovskite black phase CsPbI3 nanowires from the non-perovskite yellow phase through rapid thermal quenching. Post-transformed black phase CsPbI3 nanowires exhibit increased photoluminescence emission intensity with a shrinking of the bandgap from 2.78 to 1.76 eV. The perovskite nanowires were photoconductive and showed a fast photoresponse and excellent stability at room temperature. These promising optical and electrical properties make the perovskite CsPbI3 nanowires attractive for a variety of nanoscale optoelectronic devices.
Nationwide trends and outcomes associated with neoadjuvant therapy in pancreatic cancer: An analysis of 18 243 patients

Background Neoadjuvant therapy has theoretical benefits for pancreatic cancer; however, its association with perioperative outcomes remains controversial. This study sought to evaluate variation in use of neoadjuvant therapy and outcomes following pancreatic resection. Methods The National Cancer Data Base (1998-2011) was queried for patients with Stage I or II pancreatic adenocarcinoma who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Subjects were classified by use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. Factors associated with use of neoadjuvant therapy were evaluated, and outcomes were compared. Results A 18 243 patients were identified; 1375 (7.5%) received neoadjuvant therapy. From 1998 to 2011, use of neoadjuvant therapy increased from 4.3% to 17.0%. Patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy were younger (63.1 vs 66.1 years, P = 0.001) and more likely to receive treatment at an academic facility (64.4% vs 51.4%, P < 0.001). Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy were more likely to have negative margins (77.8% vs 85.5%), negative lymph nodes (42.9% vs 59.3%) and tumors confined to the pancreas (65.8% vs 70.6%, all P < 0.001). Patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy had lower 30-day mortality (2.0% vs 4.6%, P < 0.001) and readmission rates (7.4% vs 9.5%, P = 0.02). Conclusions Neoadjuvant therapy use is increasing and associated with comparable short-term outcomes. Further studies are needed to identify patients who would benefit from neoadjuvant therapy.
Acupuncture for symptom reduction in myeloma patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A randomized, sham-controlled trial.

8021Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) is a potentially curative treatment for a number of hematologic malignancies, but is associated with a high symptom burden for patients...
The Functional Movement Screen as a Predictor of Injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II Athletes

Context: The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a tool used to assess the quality of human movement. Previous FMS researchers reported a difference between the comprehensive and individual FMS te...
PADLOC: Physically-Aware Defect Localization and Characterization

Software-based diagnosis examines the failing-circuit design and test response to identify potential defect locations and if possible, pinpoint the root cause of failure. This paper describes a generalized physically-aware methodology called PADLOC (Physically-Aware Defect LOcalization and Characterization) to improve the quality of diagnosis. PADLOC consists of (a) identifying the subnets that are more likely to correspond to the actual defect, and (b) deriving the defect behavior based on the activity of the neighborhood (i.e., nets that are physically close and logically related). Results from 6,000 defect injection experiments reveal that 97.2% of the defects are accurately diagnosed with 92.6% of defects achieving a logical resolution of at most five and 27.6% of defects attaining perfect resolution. PADLOC has an average resolution of 2.6 and improves resolution for 24.8% of defects over prior work. In addition, the physical resolution (i.e., number of subnets) is improved for 61.3% of defects. Finally, PADLOC returns 33.9 fewer subnets per defect and reduces the number of subnets by 44.8%.
Basic Physics of Superconductivity and Josephson Effects

The Josephson junctions exhibit a rich variety of phenomena which have enhanced our fundamental understanding of quantum Physics and also led to the development of several versatile devices. The metrological applications of the AC Josephson effect are reviewed in this volume by Dr. Kose (Chapter III.1) and Dr. Petley (Chapter III.6); other papers in this volume also consider some aspects of Josephson effects. In this chapter we first briefly review the history and theories of superconductivity. Following this is a necessarily non-exhaustive discussion of the Physics of the Josephson effects.
Microstructure changes in the catalyst layers of PEM fuel cells induced by load cycling Part II. Simulation and understanding

The microstructure of catalyst layers (CLs) is a naturally random medium and changes in it greatly affect the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. In this paper, the mechanical analysis method, developed in Part I for understanding the mechanism of microstructure changes, is further extended to describe CLs as random three-phase microstructures. Microstructure reconstruction is accomplished using statistical information from experimental images of practical CLs. In the microscopically complex reconstructed microstructure, mechanical analysis is performed in order to understand the mechanism of changes caused by the cycling of start-up and shutdown during operation. Numerical simulation shows that, although different reconstructed microstructures have different changes, there have in common the competition between crack initiations in phases and delamination between different phases in the CLs. This competition plays an important role in microstructure change and results in performance degradation, indicated by the decrease in connection length among different solid components in the CLs after certain duty cycles.
Humanizing Project Management: A Revolution in Progress

(1997). Humanizing Project Management: A Revolution in Progress. Information Strategy: The Executive's Journal: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 30-35.
A Stable, Non-Corrosive Perfluorinated Pinacolatoborate Mg Electrolyte for Rechargeable Mg Batteries.

Mg batteries are a promising energy storage system because of the physicochemical merits of Mg as an anode material. However, the lack of electrochemically and chemically stable Mg electrolytes impedes the development of Mg batteries. In this study, a newly designed chloride-free Mg perfluorinated pinacolatoborate, Mg[B(O2 C2 (CF3 )4 )2 ]2 (abbreviated as Mg-FPB), was synthesized by a convenient method from commercially available reagents and fully characterized. The Mg-FPB electrolyte delivered outstanding electrochemical performance, specifically, 95 % Coulombic efficiency and 197 mV overpotential, enabling reversible Mg deposition, and an anodic stability of up to 4.0 V vs. Mg. The Mg-FPB electrolyte was applied to assemble a high voltage, rechargeable Mg/MnO2 battery with a discharge capacity of 150 mAh g-1 .