cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accessible student-directed visualization of computer organization concepts

Visualization and animation can be effective pedagogic tools to help students learn computer science concepts, such as computer organization and algorithms. This paper presents a framework that provides accessibility, in addition to visualization and animation, to assist both sighted and non-sighted students to learn computer organization concepts. In particular, the framework is designed under the philosophy of student-directed, active learning. Moreover, it is developed as an Eclipse IDE perspective.
Local characteristics, contestability, and the dynamic structure of rural banking: A market study

Abstract If a market is perfectly contestable, incumbent firms in even highly concentrated markets will produce a level of output consistent with a welfare maximum. Alternatively, if a market is imperfectly contestable, the conduct of intumbent firms will be influenced by the degree of actual and potential competition. The results of our simultaneous, two-equation model of bank behavior and actualized potential competition lead to the conclusion that rural banking markets are imperfectly contestable. This finding suggests that rural bank policy should continue to promote both actual and potential competition.
Structure and nucleic acid binding activity of the nucleoporin Nup157

At the center of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a uniquely versatile central transport channel. Structural analyses of distinct segments (“protomers”) of the three “channel” nucleoporins yielded a model for how this channel is constructed. Its principal feature is a midplane ring that can undergo regulated diameter changes of as much as an estimated 30 nm. To better understand how a family of “adaptor” nucleoporins—concentrically surrounding this channel—might cushion these huge structural changes, we determined the crystal structure of one adaptor nucleoporin, Nup157. Here, we show that a recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nup157 protomer, representing two-thirds of Nup157 (residues 70–893), folds into a seven-bladed β-propeller followed by an α-helical domain, which together form a C-shaped architecture. Notably, the structure contains a large patch of positively charged residues, most of which are evolutionarily conserved. Consistent with this surface feature, we found that Nup15770–893 binds to nucleic acids, although in a sequence-independent manner. Nevertheless, this interaction supports a previously reported role of Nup157, and its paralogue Nup170, in chromatin organization. Based on its nucleic acid binding capacity, we propose a dual location and function of Nup157. Finally, modeling the remaining C-terminal portion of Nup157 shows that it projects as a superhelical stack from the compact C-shaped portion of the molecule. The predicted four hinge regions indicate an intrinsic flexibility of Nup157, which could contribute to structural plasticity within the NPC.
Synthesis, fabrication, and characterization of Ge/Si axial nanowire heterostructure tunnel FETs

Axial Ge/Si heterostructure nanowires allow energy band-edge engineering along the axis of the nanowire, which is the charge transport direction, and allows the realization of novel asymmetric device architectures. This work reports on two advances in the area of heterostructure nanowires and tunnel FETs: (i) the realization of 100 % compositionally modulated Si/Ge axial heterostructure nanowires with lengths suitable for device fabrication and (ii) the design and implementation of Schottky barrier tunnel FETs on these nanowires for high-on currents and suppressed ambipolar behavior. Initial prototype devices resulted in a current drive in excess of 100 µA/µm (I/πD) and 105 I on /I off ratios. These results demonstrate the potential of such asymmetric heterostructures (both in the semiconductor channel and at the metal-semiconductor interfaces) for low-power and high performance electronics.
Multisite updating Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm for morphologically constrained Gibbs random fields

We study the problem of simulating a class of Gibbs random field models, called morphologically constrained Gibbs random fields, using Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling techniques. Traditional single site updating Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm, like the Metropolis algorithm, tend to converge extremely slowly when used to simulate these models, particularly at low temperatures and for constraints involving large geometrical shapes. Moreover, the morphologically constrained Gibbs random fields are not, in general, Markov. Hence, a Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling algorithm based on the Gibbs sampler is not possible. We prose a variant of the Metropolis algorithm that, at each iteration, allows multi-site updating and converges substantially faster than the traditional single- site updating algorithm. The set of sites that are updated at a particular iteration is specified in terms of a shape parameter and a size parameter. Computation of the acceptance probability involves a 'test ratio,' which requires computation of the ratio of the probabilities of the current and new realizations. Because of the special structure of our energy function, this computation can be done by means of a simple; local iterative procedure. Therefore lack of Markovianity does not impose any additional computational burden for model simulation. The proposed algorithm has been used to simulate a number of image texture models, both synthetic and natural.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
An Examination of the Factor Structures of the Computer Attitude Scale.

Previous research regarding the popular Computer Attitude Scale (CAS) has indicated that the computer confidence and computer anxiety subscales measure the same trait. This study, utilizing data yielded from 208 educators, obtained estimates of the reliability of the four subscale version of the forty item CAS; provided detailed information regarding the factor patterns of the CAS subscales; and provided evidence about the differential validity of the CAS among four groups with differing intensity of computer usage. Correlations and exploratory factor analysis were used to analyze the data. The results confirm that the confidence and anxiety subscales are a continuum. A new, smaller, subscale was created to reflect this relationship. Further, a new factor, attitudes toward academic endeavors associated with computer training, was named. The CAS may now be interpreted as a thirty-four-item scale addressing computer liking, perceived usefulness of computers, computer confidence/anxiety, and attitudes toward...
The use of symmetric variables in the prediction of the NMR chemical shift positions of nitrogen for derivatives of ammonia

Abstract An equation which uses symmetric variables composed of the Field (F), Resonance (R), Charton's Steric (ν), and Molar Reflectivity (MR) parameters has been computed. It predicts the nitrogen NMR line positions for derivatives of ammonia. Using this model, the correlation coefficient for observed versus predicted signal positions for a data base of 479 signals was r = 0.985 with a standard deviation of s = 7.5.
Intracanal placement of Ca(OH)2: a comparison of techniques.

Ten extracted human maxillary first molars were selected with a variety of root curvatures. The distofacial roots were resected and the mesiofacial canals were instrumented to a size # 25 K file. Three techniques were used to introduce Ca(OH) 2 paste into the instrumented canals. These techniques were evaluated for their ability to carry the Ca(OH) 2 to working length and also to produce a dense fill. The Lentulo spiral was most effective in carrying the paste to working length. The Lentulo spiral also produced the highest quality fill. The Calasept injection system followed by a #25 finer plugger was the second most effective technique. Counterclockwise rotation of a #25 K file was the least effective of the techniques tested.
The prognostic association of health-related quality of life scores with survival in breast cancer.

There is extensive data showing that health-related quality of life (HRQOL) tools measuring the activities of daily life provide prognostic information in cancer. However, similar information on HRQOL tools measuring patient satisfaction with their life is sparse. The Ferrans and Powers quality of life index (QLI) is one such instrument. This study evaluated the association between HRQOL, as measured by the QLI, and survival in breast cancer. We examined a consecutive case series of 251 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients treated at Cancer Treatment Centers of America® between April 2001 and November 2004. QLI measures overall HRQOL and the HRQOL in four major subscales: health and physical functioning, social and economic, psychological and spiritual, and family. All scores range from 0 to 30 with higher scores indicating a better HRQOL. Study patients were dichotomized into two groups based on the median scores for all QLI subscales. Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate survival. Log-rank test was used to study the equality of survival distributions. Multivariate Cox regression analyses were then performed to evaluate the joint prognostic significance of HRQOL and clinical factors. Patient satisfaction with health and physical subscale was significantly associated with survival (p = 0.0006), with the median survival for low and high scores being 17.8 and 35.3 months, respectively. Similarly, patient satisfaction with overall HRQOL was significantly associated with survival (p = 0.0006), with the median survival for low and high scores being 17.8 and 34.6 months, respectively. Patient satisfaction with health and physical subscale and overall HRQOL were found to be predictive of survival independent of the effects of stage at presentation. This study suggests that baseline patient satisfaction with health and physical functioning and overall HRQOL, as measured by QLI, provides useful prognostic information in patients with breast cancer independent of stage at presentation.
Effects of a long-acting LHRH agonist preparation on plasma gonadotropin and prolactin levels in castrated male rats and on the release of prolactin from ectopic pituitaries.

Abstract We have examined the effects of a single subcutaneous injection of an LHRH agonist, d -Trp-6-LHRH, in biodegradable microcapsules of poly( dl -lactide-co-glycolide) on plasma gonadotropin and prolactin (PRL) levels in castrated and in castrated-hypophysectomized-pituitary grafted (CAST-APX-GRAFT) male rats. The results were compared to the effects of daily injections of the same LHRH agonist dissolved in saline. In castrated rats, there were no significant alterations in plasma LH or PRL levels during the 10 days following the injection of LHRH agonist microcapsules, while FSH levels were generally reduced. In castrated males given daily injections of 6 μg of LHRH agonist in saline, plasma LH levels were significantly reduced while plasma PRL levels were not changed. In CAST-APX-GRAFT rats, both d -Trp-6-LHRH microcapsules and daily LHRH agonist injections appeared to increase plasma PRL levels. The pattern of changes in PRL release in both groups was similar, with levels on day 6 being significantly higher than those measured on days 1, 3 and 10 after onset of treatment. As expected, LH and FSH levels in these animals were extremely low. Immunoreactive d -Trp-6-LHRH was consistently detectable in the plasma of CAST-APX-GRAFT animals after microcapsule administration, whereas in animals given daily injections of this agonist in saline, its plasma concentrations were often below the detectability limit of the employed assay. These findings suggest that the LHRH agonist, d -Trp-6-LHRH, is capable of causing a short term stimulation of PRL release from ectopic pituitaries. Elevation of plasma LH levels is apparently not required for this effect.
EFFECTS OF ALTERNATIVE WEIGHTING METHODS IN A POLICY- CAPTURING APPROACH TO JOB EVALUATION: A REVIEW AND EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

This research was designed to examine differences in the predictive power of alternative scale weighting methods in the context of job evaluation. Two different point-factor job evaluation instruments were used to evaluate 71 managerial and service jobs in a metropolitan university, and five different weighting models were compared in terms of predictive validity and salary classification. For the job evaluation system having high multicollinearity and validity concentration, no significant differences in accuracy were found among the weighting methods. However, in the more heterogeneous system, prediction models based upon unit weights, correlational weights, and multiple regression had significantly higher predictive validity than models based upon equal raw score weights or rational weights developed by a job evaluation committee. In addition, the weighting models differed substantially in terms of the predicted policy wages and classification structures.
Experiences and perceptions of multicultural counselling scholars: a qualitative examination

This study explored the experiences and perceptions of 12 multicultural counselling scholars with regard to the field of multicultural counselling. Based on a qualitative analysis, many of our participants noted that aspects of being a multiculturally competent counsellor included open-mindedness, flexibility, a commitment to the field, active listening, knowledge and awareness of cultural issues, skillfulness in making cultural interventions, commitment to social justice issues, self-awareness, and exposure to broad and diverse life experiences. Most of the participants also stated that a challenge associated with being a multicultural psychologist was colleagues’, institutions’, and others’ resistance toward and lack of support for multicultural counselling issues. Moreover, many participants indicated that the multicultural counselling movement has had good to great impact on the larger field of applied psychology. Future research directions for the area of multicultural counselling are discussed.
SPECIFIC CUTANEOUS REACTIONS AND CIRCULATING ANTIBODIES IN THE COURSE OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA : II. CASES TREATED WITH ANTIPNEUMOCOCCIC SERA.

1. Characteristic cutaneous responses to the type-specific protein-free carbohydrates of both Type I and Type II pneumococci have been "produced" in cases of lobar pneumonia due to either of these types by the intravenous injection of concentrated bivalent (Types I and II) antipneumococcic sera (Felton). 2. A positive cutaneous response to the specific polysaccharide of Type II pneumococci has been passively transferred from human cases convalescing from this infection to a patient suffering from pneumonia due to this organism. 3. The cutaneous responses to the type-specific polysaccharides and circulating antibodies were studied in 51 cases of lobar pneumonia. Positive cutaneous reactions were, in most instances, associated with recovery, even when purulent complications were present. Failure to elicit a positive reaction was usually followed by a fatal outcome. 4. The positive reactions in patients who were treated with concentrated sera and recovered were most often elicited within 24 hours after the first dose and after a total of 40 cc. had been given. 5. The positive skin reactions obtained after the administration of specific antisera were associated with the presence of mouse protective antibodies and agglutinins in the sera of the patients. 6. The immune reactions in serum treated cases receiving repeated inoculations with the specific carbohydrates disappeared more rapidly than in similar cases receiving no antiserum. It is suggested that the administration of antisera in someway interferes with the production of antibodies by the intracutaneously injected carbohydrates.
The effects of preservice teacher's cognitive questioning level and redirecting on student science achievement

The objectives of this experimental study were to investigate the effects of 100% high cognitive questions, 50% high cognitive questions and 0% high cognitive questions on primary and intermediate students' achievement at the knowledge, comprehension, and analysis levels. A second purpose was to examine the effects of redirecting questions on student achievement. Groups of 5 subjects were randomly selected from 16 intermediate and 16 primary classrooms and then randomly assigned to one of three treatment levels. Data were collected on 154 subjects. Within the three cognitive questioning treatment levels the subjects were also randomly assigned to one of two questioning strategies: (1) redirected and (2) directed. Redirection occurs when the teacher asks the same question to a number of students (in this case 2). Thirty preservice teachers conducted the treatments. The teachers were trained to follow a prescribed behavior pattern and were video taped during the treatment to insure fidelity to the scripted questions. At the end of the lesson a criterion test was administered with 3 subtests measuring at the knowledge, comprehension, and analysis levels of Bloom's Taxonomy. There was no significant difference among scores on the total criterion measure or the sub tests due to cognitive questioning level. There was a significant difference due to redirecting questions (p = 0.05). Students assigned to teachers using redirection scored significantly higher than those assigned to teachers not using this strategy. This difference was found on the knowledge subtest. Significant interactions occurred between questioning level and questioning strategy on the comprehension and total test.
Growth promotion by extracts from Wilms' tumor in vitro.

Anomale Komponenten, die aus Blutserum und Tumoren von Patienten mit Wilmschen Tumoren isoliert wurden, fordern das Wachstum der Nieren- und Lungenzellen-Kulturen.
Insulation Ageing Studies by Chemical Characterization

In order to better understand the chemistry of ageing processes, a number of parameters beyond brittleness or end-of-life must be followed. Several techniques which attempt to follow changes at the molecular level are described in addition to the morphological studies using microscopy. Because of the very subtle changes taking place in a solid dielectric at conditions not much more severe than service conditions, attention has been paid to the sensitivity of the methods used. The techniques described along with other more novel techniques must be utilized in order to truly understand thee chemistry of the ageing of solid dielectrics.
Dissolution kinetics at the calcite-water interface

Abstract Although many geochemical processes, including mineral dissolution, are controlled by kinetic mechanisms, quantitative descriptions of the reaction kinetics are mostly lacking, principally due to an incomplete understanding of the molecular-scale processes controlling these reactions. In this paper, a combined experimental and theoretical approach involving atomic force microscopy, an analytical terrace-ledge-kink model, and kinetic Monte Carlo computer simulations was used to study the aqueous dissolution kinetics of the calcite (1014) surface. The study provides a determination of the elementary rates and activation energies associated with dissolution at specific kink sites on the calcite surface.
Can Infants Map Meaning to Newly Segmented Words?: Statistical Segmentation and Word Learning

The present experiments investigated how the process of statistically segmenting words from fluent speech is linked to the process of mapping meanings to words. Seventeen-month-old infants first participated in a statistical word segmentation task, which was immediately followed by an object-label-learning task. Infants presented with labels that were words in the fluent speech used in the segmentation task were able to learn the object labels. However, infants presented with labels consisting of novel syllable sequences (nonwords; Experiment 1) or familiar sequences with low internal probabilities (part-words; Experiment 2) did not learn the labels. Thus, prior segmentation opportunities, but not mere frequency of exposure, facilitated infants∗ learning of object labels. This work provides the first demonstration that exposure to word forms in a statistical word segmentation task facilitates subsequent word learning.
Population-based prevalence of repeated group A β-hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis episodes

OBJECTIVE To define the population-based 3-year period prevalence of repeated group A β-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) pharyngitis episodes in children between 4 and 15 years of age. PATIENTS AND METHODS Residents of Rochester, Minn (age, 4-15 years), who had 3 or more GABHS pharyngitis episodes in 1 year, at least 1 month apart, between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 1998, were identified using the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project (N=536). Pharyngitis episodes (evidence of a sore throat with or without presence of fever) followed by either a positive rapid streptococcus test result or a positive plate culture test result were considered positive GABHS episodes. Age- and sex-specific prevalence rates were calculated, assuming that all residents 4 to 15 years of age in Rochester during 1996 to 1998 were at risk. RESULTS A total of 208 children met our definition for repeated GABHS episodes between 1996 and 1998 and were included in this study. Approximately 1% of children between the ages of 4 and 15 years experienced repeated GABHS pharyngitis episodes between 1996 and 1998. This estimate increased to approximately 2% among children 4 to 6 years of age and decreased to 0.1% among children 13 to 15 years old. CONCLUSION A relatively small proportion (1%) of children between 4 and 15 years of age experienced repeated GABHS episodes in a 3-year period; however, this proportion represents a substantial number of children who are affected at the population level. Given the increased costs associated with treating repeated GABHS episodes, further studies are necessary to determine how best to reduce episodes and treatment costs in this age group.
Spontaneous organizations: Collaborative computing model of a networked organization

In most real life organizations, actions usually occur irrationally among their members which modify the behaviors of the organizations. As in Occupy Wall Street (OWS), for instance, that starts in 2011, and it was ongoing over more than 600 communities since then. Social movement, as in the OWS, frequently detected to increase the network rapidly. Therefore, our attention in this paper is on social networks among agents and their effects on the organization and the others. We show a study of such a movement that we label as Spontaneous Organization (SO). We illustrate a life cycle of the SO from the formation of it until the dissolution while covering some important concepts that case such a huge viral spreading. We present a method that can be used to assign tasks to the agents inside the organization depending on their level of fitness. A simulation for a small example of the real life that mimics a spontaneous organization will be implemented using NetLogo for further validation.
Second moments in speculative attack models: panel evidence

Abstract The paper tests two popular asset based models of speculative attacks and in particular, their emphasis on the second moments of monetary aggregates. Analyzing monthly panels of appropriate countries in three regions, it finds evidence for the importance of money/reserve ratios predicted by both models, as well as the variance of the ratio of M2 to reserves.
Coping with the Stress of Medical Problems among Black and White Elderly

This is a preliminary study looking at the coping responses of a group of black and white urban elderly women to the stressful event of a medical problem. Cognitive and active coping responses, as ...
A twin study of depression and nicotine dependence: shared liability or causal relationship?

Background The nature of the relationship between major depression (MD) and phenotypes related to smoking behavior, including nicotine dependence (ND), is complicated. We present results from analyses comparing models wherein MD and ND are influenced by a shared latent factor to one in which causal pathways between phenotypes are examined.
Synthesis and structure of [pzBu2t]Mo(PMe3)4H, a d4 molybdenum complex that exhibits η2-coordination of the 3,5-di-t-butylpyrazolyl ligand

Abstract Mo(PMe3)6 reacts with [pzBut2]H at 80 °C to give [η2-pzBut2]Mo(PMe3)4H, the first structurally characterized d4 η2-pyrazolyl complex of molybdenum. The hydride ligand of [η2-pzBut2]Mo(PMe3)4H is displaced from the mean MoNNPcisPcis plane, such that the distorted seven-coordinate geometry may be viewed as being based on a distorted dodecahedron with a vacant coordination site. DFT (B3LYP) calculations suggest that the origin of the displacement of the hydride ligand is due to steric interactions with the pair of ‘cis’ PMe3 ligands.
The effect of intrauterine transfusion on fetal bilirubin in red cell alloimmunization

Objective To evaluate the change in fetal serum bilirubin levels in response to intrauterine transfusion for red cell alloimmunization. Methods The records of 37 patients who underwent more than one intrauterine transfusion were reviewed. The following indices were extracted: pre- and post-transfusion fetal hematocrit, total and direct serum bilirubin, reticulocyte count, Kleihauer-Betke test results, volumes of intravascular and intraperitoneal transfusions, and the source used for transfusion. The data were compared for interval 1 (transfusion 1 to 2) and interval 2 (transfusion 2 to 3). The rates of change in bilirubin, reticulocyte count, and percent fetal cells on the Kleihauer-Betke test were defined as the differences between the initial values of one transfusion and the initial values of the next transfusion divided by the number of days between transfusions. Analysis of variance, sign-rank test, and linear regression analysis were used when appropriate. P Results The median number of intrauterine transfusions for each patient was 3 (range 2–8). Gestational ages ranged from 22 to 37 weeks. Total bilirubin remained above the 97.5 percentile for gestational age in all but five patients. There was a significant decrease in reticulocyte count and fetal cells on the Kleihauer-Betke test, and an increase in hematocrit with serial intrauterine transfusions. Bilirubin increased significantly after the first intrauterine transfusion (3.9 versus 5.0 mg/dL) and remained elevated thereafter. Conclusion Fetal total serum bilirubin remains elevated with repeated intrauterine transfusions in fetal alloimmunization. Total bilirubin should not be used to evaluate fetal hematologic responses to the transfusions.
Stability of supercurrents in flat films of tin

Using pulsed, 80-nsec-currents the stability of supercurrents in flat films of tin with compensating current return has been investigated. It is found that the voltage along the film rises with timet approximately asV=b+a[t′/2(t−c))1/2], whereb represents the (almost instantaneous) flux-flow voltage in a perpendicular field and the time constantt′ is an exponentially decreasing function ofJ(1+420/d)/[1−(T/Tc4][1−H⊥/Hc⊥]. HereJ is the current density in the film of thicknessd in A,T/Tc is the reduced temperature, andH⊥/Hc⊥ is the reduced magnetic field. It is suggested that this instability is of the type investigated by Kramer and by Fink and Presson for currents in a superconducting surface sheath. At lower temperatures a second instability is found which is distinctly different from the one dominant at the higher temperatures.
Kinesin Spindle Protein (KSP) Inhibitors. 9. Discovery of (2S)-4-(2,5-Difluorophenyl)-N-[(3R,4S)-3-fluoro-1-methylpiperidin-4-yl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)-N-methyl-2-phenyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-1-carboxamide (MK-0731) for the Treatment of Taxane-Refractory Cancer

Inhibition of kinesin spindle protein (KSP) is a novel mechanism for treatment of cancer with the potential to overcome limitations associated with currently employed cytotoxic agents. Herein, we describe a C2-hydroxymethyl dihydropyrrole KSP inhibitor ( 11) that circumvents hERG channel binding and poor in vivo potency, issues that limited earlier compounds from our program. However, introduction of the C2-hydroxymethyl group caused 11 to be a substrate for cellular efflux by P-glycoprotein (Pgp). Utilizing knowledge garnered from previous KSP inhibitors, we found that beta-fluorination modulated the p K a of the piperidine nitrogen and reduced Pgp efflux, but the resulting compound ( 14) generated a toxic metabolite in vivo. Incorporation of fluorine in a strategic, metabolically benign position by synthesis of an N-methyl-3-fluoro-4-(aminomethyl)piperidine urea led to compound 30 that has an optimal in vitro and metabolic profile. Compound 30 (MK-0731) was recently studied in a phase I clinical trial in patients with taxane-refractory solid tumors.
A STUDY ON THE INTRAVENOUS TOXICITY OF E-FEROL IN THE NEONATAL RABBIT

The intravenous administration of E-Ferol in premature infants has been associated with a fatal syndrome of ascltes, splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, cholestatic jaundice, azotemia and thrombocytopenia. This study was undertaken to further delineate the intravenous toxicity of E-Ferol and its vehicle. Albino rabbit pups were delivered at 30 days gestation by c-section under halothane anesthesia. Central venous catheters were placed 2-6 hours after birth and parenteral nutrition was provided for 7 days. Four treatment groups were utilized 1) alpha-tocopherol (AT), 2) alpha-tocopheryl acetate (TA), 3) polysorbate (P) and 4) saline control. The vitamin E preparations were formulated by incorporating 25 mg of TA or AT per ml of vehicle solution comprised of 9% P 80 and 1% P 20. A dose of 4 ml/kg was administered daily. The weight gain of the animals over the 7 day period averaged 1.0 g, −0.1 g, −1.6 g and 3.0 g for groups 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. AT concentration was significantly (p<0.01) greater in liver, lung and plasma of animals supplemented with vitamin E. Liver vitamin E levels in supplemented and unsupplemented animals were (mean±SD) 4340±2249 ug/g and 65±25 ug/g respectively while plasma levels were 99±72 ug/ml in supplemented animals and 16±23 ug/ml in unsupplemented animals. There was a trend for higher bilirubin concentrations and Alk Phos activity in group 1, 2 and 3 as compared to saline control. There were no differences in BUN or creatinine concentrations as well as in ALT, and GGT activity amongst the groups. Conclusions: 1) Levels of vitamin E in liver, lung and plasma reflected the specific treatment group 2) Significant accumulation of vitamin E occurred in the liver 3) The limited number of animals studied coupled with a limited nutritional regimen precluded assignment of toxicity to vitamin E versus the polysorbate vehicle.
An intrinsic geometric framework for the building block synthesis of single point compliant mechanisms

In this paper, we implement a characterization based on eigentwists and eigenwrenches for the synthesis of a compliant mechanism at a given point. For 2D mechanisms, this involves characterizing the compliance matrix at a unique point called the center of elasticity, where translational and rotational compliances are decoupled. Furthermore, the translational compliance may be represented graphically as an ellipse and the coupling between the translational and rotational components as vectors. These representations facilitate geometric insight into the operations of serial and parallel concatenations. Parametric trends are ascertained for the compliant dyad building block and are utilized in example problems involving serial concatenation of building blocks. The synthesis technique is also extended to combination of series and parallel concatenation to achieve any compliance requirements.
Hydroxychloroquine causes severe vacuolar myopathy in a patient with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease

A 51-year-old man developed progressive debilitating limb and respiratory muscle weakness while undergoing treatment for chronic graft-versus-host disease secondary to allogeneic bone marrow transplant for mantle cell lymphoma. He had a normal serum creatine kinase level and acetylcholine receptor antibodies were negative. Electromyography showed a severe, nonirritable myopathy and a sensory motor axonal polyneuropathy. A muscle biopsy showed a necrotizing, vacuolar myopathy with many fibers containing autophagic and red-rimmed vacuoles, suggestive of an amphiphilic drug myopathy. The patient's strength and function improved significantly after discontinuation of hydroxychloroquine.
Effect of contralateral noise on speech detection and speech reception thresholds.

Speech detection thresholds (SDT) and speech reception thresholds (SRT) for spondee words were obtained on 20 normal hearing listeners while white or speech noise masking was presented to the contralateral ear. Each masker was presented continuously or pulsed simultaneously with the onset of each spondee word. Several masker sensation levels (SL) of 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 dB were employed, and the amount of masking (threshold shift) was determined for each condition. Small but consistent SDT and SRT shifts were apparent at low masker SLs (30 dB). The shifts increased approximately 1 dB for each 10-dB increase in masker SL between 30 and 60 dB. For 60-80 dB masker SLs, the shifts were about 3.5 dB for each 10-dB increase in the masker. The greater threshold shifts at the higher masker SLs may have resulted from transcranial conduction and/or activation of the acoustic reflex. The pulsed masker condition had more of an effected on the SDT than on the SRT; SDT shifts were consistently larger for each mas...
SAMPLING AND OVERSAMPLING IN SHIFT-INVARIANT AND MULTIRESOLUTION SPACES I: VALIDATION OF SAMPLING SCHEMES

We ask what conditions can be placed on generators φ of principal shift invariant spaces to ensure the validity of analogues of the classical sampling theorem for bandlimited signals. Critical rate sampling schemes lead to expansion formulas in terms of samples, while oversampling schemes can lead to expansions in which function values depend only on nearby samples. The basic techniques for validating such schemes are built on the Zak transform and the Poisson summation formula. Validation conditions are phrased in terms of orthogonality, smoothness, and self-similarity, as well as bandlimitedness or compact support of the generator. Effective sampling rates which depend on the length of support of the generator or its Fourier transform are derived.
Sleep-related epilepsy in a Long-Evans hooded rat model of depression

Neonatal treatment with clomipramine (CLI) has been shown to have reliable behavioral and biological changes that mimic major symptomatic and biochemical changes found in depression. This paper further explores a common feature of depression, the comorbidity of seizure activity and depressive behaviors in this mode. Rat pups were neonatally treated with 40 mg/kg/day of CLI from postnatal day 8 through 21. In adulthood, they were instrumented with electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) electrodes for 24 h of polysomnogram (PSG) recordings. PSG data were analyzed for: (1) sleep-wake cycle; (2) spectral power; and (3) epileptiform activity, including NREM-to-REM transition (NRT) bursts. Neonatal treatment with CLI reliably produces enhanced levels of REM (p < 0.01) and reduced sexual activity (p < 0.05). Theta power was enhanced during NREM sleep in the CLI group (p = 0.02). CLI-treated animals experienced increased frequency at the NRT (p < 0.01), as well as additional epileptiform activity of continuous (CTS; p < 0.05) and petite-continuous (P-CTS; p < 0.01) types, across the sleep–wake cycle. There is a strong temporal correlation with increased REM sleep duration, increased frequency of NRT bursts, and increased theta power during NREM sleep in CLI-treated animals. Neonatal CLI-treated animals experienced significantly more epileptiform activity as a whole, in addition to comorbid features of depression in adulthood. Neonatal exposure to CLI will not only produce depressive phenotype but may also enhance risk for epilepsy in some individuals. This warrants further investigation into currently acceptable medicinal use in humans.
Electrical alternans and hemodynamics in the anesthetized guinea pig can discriminate the cardiac safety of antidepressants

Abstract Introduction: The arrhythmogenic risk of fluoxetine, citalopram, and venlafaxine were evaluated through preclinical assays measuring hERG, blood pressure and electrical alternans over their respective clinical unbound concentration ranges. Methods:Anesthetized guinea pigs were instrumented with jugular and carotid cannulae for drug infusion and blood pressure monitoring respectively; a thoracotomy was performed for placement of a monophasic action potential probe on the left ventricle and for placement of pacing wires on the left ventricular apex. Drugs were infused as a 5-min loading dose immediately followed by a 10-min maintenance dose to achieve clinically relevant plasma concentrations; blood samples were taken at the end of each maintenance dose. Ventricular pacing was performed twice at baseline and at each dose level as follows: 50 preconditioning-beats at S1 = 220 (or 240) ms immediately followed by 30 test-beats at S2 = 200 ms. This S1–S2 protocol was repeated for S2 = 190 to 140 ms. HERG and calcium current measurements were recorded in HEK-293 cells stably expressing hERG potassium currents and freshly isolated guinea pig cardiac myocytes using the whole-cell configuration of the patch clamp technique. Results:Physiologically relevant inhibition (IC20) of hERG occurred at concentrations 22-fold (fluoxetine), 9-fold (citalopram), and 11-fold (venlafaxine) beyond their respective clinically effective concentration (Ceff). At the highest achievable levels, fluoxetine (20-fold Ceff) and citalopram (28-fold Ceff) significantly decreased heart rate and/or blood pressure as well as increasing electrical alternans by 5 and 18 ms respectively. Venlafaxine increased blood pressure at only 1.3-fold Ceff, but did not increase electrical alternans at the highest achievable dose (3.1-fold Ceff). Discussion:These data suggest that evaluating other dose limiting side effects in relation to a drug's therapeutic range may be crucial for accurate assessment of arrhythmia liability.
Dendrimer-Mediated Immobilization of Catalytic Nanoparticles on Flat, Solid Supports

Sixth-generation poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers have been used to explore methods for immobilizing Pd nanoparticles on atomically flat surfaces. Two methods are investigated. In the first method, dendrimer-encapsulated metal nanoparticles (DEMNs) are prepared using a PAMAM dendrimer with hydroxyl terminal groups. These particles are then deposited on a mica surface. Tapping-mode AFM images reveal a monodispersed size distribution of DEMNs that has an average composition of 40 Pd atoms per dendrimer. When thermal combustion in an O2 stream is used to remove the dendrimer host at 630 °C, Pd particles aggregate via surface diffusion, resulting in an increase in particle diameter. In the second method, the step edges of a HOPG surface are first oxidized in an oxygen atmosphere. A PAMAM dendrimer with amine terminal groups is then allowed to adsorb selectively on the step edges, followed by immobilization of Pd particles via surface chemical reactions. The Pd particles prepared by this method are shown to...
Chromium Ribonucleoprotein from Bovine Liver

WE have recently isolated from beef liver a ribonucleoprotein containing 0.1 per cent of chromium.
Proof of the Resonant Acceleration Mechanism for Fast Electrons in Gaseous Laser Targets

We report the observation of fast-electron emission (10-20 keV) from gaseous targets irradiated by a C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ laser pulse. The electrons are emitted in a direction 30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} away from the electric vector, but in the plane of optical polarization. This is the first direct experimental observation of the resonant absorption effect, which has been proposed as being responsible for the efficiennt laser energy deposition in a plasma. In contrast, the parametric decay instability is not consistent with the observations.
Power comparison of SRT and GST dividers

Generally divider algorithms can be separated into two different kinds of algorithms, the Multiplicative Algorithms (MA) and the Iterative Digit Recurrence Algorithms (IDRA). The number of iterations of the MA and IDRA are proportional to log 2 (word - length) and the word-length, respectively. However every iteration of the MA consists of two multiplications and one addition, while the iteration period time of the IDRA only consists of one addition. The IDRA includes the SRT approach (named after Sweeney, Robertson and Tocher) which does not require prescaling, and the GST (generalized Svoboda and Tung) approach which requires prescaling of the operands. The iteration period of the GST is much smaller due to the fact that the GST only examines three bits (compared to 14 in the SRT) to predict the next quotient digit (for a minimally redundant radix-4 digit set). Due to this reason, the overall latency of the GST-divider is shorter. Alternatively, by fixing the latency, the supply voltage of the GST can be reduced, resulting in a low power implementation. Thus, the GST is more suitable for low latency and low power applications.
THE ALLOCATION OF AIRPORT CAPACITY WITH EMPHASIS ON ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

Abstract In this piece we provide an airport administration structure which is sensitive and amenable to control of today's problems. This structuring is the output of a nonlinear programming, constrained behavioral study of airport operation. By directly imposing noise, air pollution, and capacity constraints on the operation of a loosely modeled airport behavior pattern, we are able to infer an appropriate, functional administration structure for contemporary airport management. Utilizing nonlinear decomposition procedures first established by J.R. Benders (“Partitioning Procedures For Solving Mixed-Integer Programming Problems”, Numerische Mathematik, Vol. 4, 1962) and further refined by T.O.M. Kronsjo (“Decomposition of a Large Nonlinear Convex Separable Economic System in the Dual Direction”, National Economic Planning Research Paper, University of Birmingham, 1969), we present a complete communication charting of an airport framework which is capable of efficient enforcement of environmental and capacity standards.
Fisher equations inverted and not

Regressions of the realized real after-tax interest rate on theex post rate of inflation are shown to be incapable of discriminating between the competing hypotheses that the real after-tax interest rate is not effected by expected inflation due to the substitutability between debt and equity (the Fisher hypothesis); and, that the nominal after-tax interest rate is not effected by expected inflation due to the substitutability between money and debt (the inverted Fisher hypothesis). An alternative regression which is so capable, is shown to reject the inverted and support the original Fisher hypothesis.
Assaying stem cell mechanobiology on microfabricated elastomeric substrates with geometrically modulated rigidity

We describe the use of a microfabricated cell culture substrate, consisting of a uniform array of closely spaced, vertical, elastomeric microposts, to study the effects of substrate rigidity on cell function. Elastomeric micropost substrates are micromolded from silicon masters comprised of microposts of different heights to yield substrates of different rigidities. The tips of the elastomeric microposts are functionalized with extracellular matrix through microcontact printing to promote cell adhesion. These substrates, therefore, present the same topographical cues to adherent cells while varying substrate rigidity only through manipulation of micropost height. This protocol describes how to fabricate the silicon micropost array masters (~2 weeks to complete) and elastomeric substrates (3 d), as well as how to perform cell culture experiments (1-14 d), immunofluorescence imaging (2 d), traction force analysis (2 d) and stem cell differentiation assays (1 d) on these substrates in order to examine the effect of substrate rigidity on stem cell morphology, traction force generation, focal adhesion organization and differentiation.
Parents, Peers, Perceived Pressure, and Adolescent Self-Concept: Is A Daughter A Daughter all of her Life?

Data collected in 1981 from 316 high-SES junior and senior high students suggest support for traditional perspectives regarding sex-differentiated self-esteem. While a significant proportion of the variance in self-esteem level is predicted by perceived approval and support from family for both girls and boys in junior high school, high school females and males drawn from the same community differ substantially. Cues of family approval continue to predict a large proportion of the variance in high school girls’ self-concept, but are no longer significant for high school boys. Acceptance by friends is an important element for males at all school levels, and accounts for a small but significant proportion of the variance in high school but not junior high school girls’ self-esteem scores. Daughters may not “be daughters’ all of their lives, but our data suggest that young females still going to school and living at home are much more dependent on family approval and support than are young males in the same situation.
The role of dietary factors in the intestinal and diffuse histologic subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma: a case-control study in the U.S.

BACKGROUND The decline of gastric adenocarcinoma in the U. S. and the parallel decrease in the predominance of the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma may reflect, in part, changes in diet over the last 60 years. Because the intestinal and diffuse types of gastric adenocarcinoma may be epidemiologically distinct, the authors hypothesized that different nutritional factors are associated with the different subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma. METHODS Ninety-one incident cases with a pathologic diagnosis of gastric adenocarcinoma and 132 cancer free controls were included in this study. All cases were defined as being either the intestinal or diffuse type of gastric adenocarcinoma. Epidemiologic data were collected by a modified National Cancer Institute Health Habits History Questionnaire. Nutritional and dietary factors were analyzed using a logistic regression model. RESULTS Several dietary factors were significantly associated with both subtypes of gastric adenocarcinoma, including dietary intakes of fiber, oleic acid, potassium, and fruits. Almost all dietary factors and food groups unique to intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma were protective in nature (vitamin B6, folate, niacin, iron, noncitrus fruits, and raw fruit), except for a high intake of dietary calories, which was a risk factor for intestinal gastric adenocarcinoma. The unique factors found to be protective for diffuse disease were carbohydrate and vitamin C intake. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that dietary factors contribute to the carcinogenesis of gastric adenocarcinoma. It also appears that although dietary risk and protective factors are common to both the intestinal and diffuse types of this malignancy, protective dietary factors may play a more important role in preventing the intestinal type of gastric adenocarcinoma. Cancer 1997; 80:1021-8. © 1997 American Cancer Society.