cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Zapata reactivado: una visión žižekiana del Centenario de la Constitución

La Constitucion de 1917 ha cumplido cien anos. Su principal innovacion, producto de la guerra civil en curso, fue la gestacion de un constitucionalismo social , plasmado en los articulos 3, 27 y 123. Cien anos despues, el potencial emancipatorio implicado en esos articulos ha sido revocado en la practica politica de Mexico. Este ensayo da sustento a la anterior afirmacion, pero tambien sugiere una ruta para rehabilitar la justicia social. Inspirado en la critica de la ideologia de Žižek, sostengo que hay que volver a empezar , hay que repetir a Zapata ; esto es, hay que recuperar, para la epoca actual, el tipo de intervencion capaz de imponer nuevas coordenadas para la reinvencion politica del pais. The Constitution of 1917 is now one hundred years old. Its primary innovation, a product of the ongoing civil war, was the development of a social constitutionalism, as expressed in articles 3, 27 and 123. One hundred years later, the emancipatory potential implied in these articles has been eliminated from political practice in Mexico. This essay substantiates this assertion, but also suggests a way to regenerate social justice. Inspired by Žižek9s critique of ideology, I propose that we must begin from the beginning , we must repeat Zapata; in other words, we must retrieve, for our present moment, the type of intervention capable of infusing new directions to enable the political reinvention of the country.
Second look at Streptococcus sanguinis and the colon

Although the link between Streptococcus bovis bacteraemia and colon cancer is well established, bacteraemia from other viridans group streptococci that commonly colonise colonic mucosa may also herald occult malignancy. We present a case of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteraemia in an elderly man with new anaemia that led to the detection and removal of a high-grade colon neoplasm. This case contributes to a growing body of literature contending that unexplained streptococcal bacteraemia merits a thorough workup that may include relatively invasive procedures such as endoscopy. Diagnostic colonoscopy provides an opportunity to prevent invasive malignancy that may outweigh bleeding and perforation risks in elderly patients.
Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists: a review of the pivotal trials

A statistically significant reduction in the composite endpoint was seen for patients who received the abciximab bolus plus infusion vs those who received a placebo (P = 0.008). This benefit was maintained at 6 months and at 3 years. Also noteworthy in this trial was the increased number of bleeding complications experienced by patients who received the abciximab bolus plus infusion regimen. Heparin dosing was quite liberal in this study, and infusions continued for at least 12 hours (1). The 2792 patients included in the EPILOG study were undergoing elective or urgent revascularization procedures. Patients could be at all risk levels, but those with UA or acute MI were excluded. Heparin dosing was adjusted for weight, which was not done in the EPIC trial. The primary endpoints for this study were death from any cause, MI or reinfarction, or severe MI requiring urgent CABG or repeat revascularization within 30 days. After the first interim analysis, statistical significance was reached between the responses of the abciximab plus low-dose heparin group vs the placebo group, and patient enrollment was therefore terminated. Patients in the placebo group had a higher rate of endpoint events (P < 0.001). The incidence of bleeding was not higher for patients receiving abciximab plus heparin therapy (2). The CAPTURE study was designed to evaluate patients with refractory UA. The primary endpoints were defined as death, MI, or the need for an urgent procedure to treat a recurrent ischemic episode. In contrast to the previously described abciximab studies, infusions were started 18 to 24 hours before the start of the scheduled angioplasty procedure and were continued for 1 hour afterwards. The study was discontinued prematurely, after 1265 patients were enrolled. At the third interim analysis, a statistically significant higher percentage of patients in the placebo group had reached the primary endpoint compared with those in the abciximab group (P = 0.0064) (3). The final abciximab study is the EPISTENT trial. Previous work had established that stenting was superior to balloon angioplasty because stenting reduced the need for repeat revascularization. Despite this technological advancement, the rates of death and MI had not decreased proportionately. The other
Short Communication: The Effect of Rosuvastatin on Vascular Disease Differs by Smoking Status in Treated HIV Infection.

Abstract Smoking is an important contributor to cardiovascular disease risk and is highly prevalent in the HIV population. In the Stopping Atherosclerosis and Treating Unhealthy Bone with Rosuvastatin in HIV trial (SATURN-HIV), a 96-week, randomized placebo-controlled study testing the effect of rosuvastatin on subclinical vascular disease and immune activation in HIV-infected adults, rosuvastatin improved immune activation and arrested common carotid artery intima media thickness (CCA IMT) progression. In this exploratory analysis, ANOVA was used to test for effect modification by smoking. One-hundred forty-seven adults were included (72 in rosuvastatin group; 75 in placebo group). Groups were similar at baseline. Overall, mean ± SD age was 45.4 ± 9.9 years, 115 (78%) were men and 100 (68%) were African American. Ninety-three (63%) were current smokers (mean ± SD 0.6 ± 0.44 packs/day) and another 24 (16%) were smokers in the past. There were statistically significant randomization group by smoking status...
Improving ECMWF-based 6-hours maximum rain using instability indices and neural networks

A bstract Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG, NE Italy) is an area of maximum rainfall in the whole Alpine chain territory, reaching more than 3200 mm of mean annual rain in the Julian Prealps. According to recent climatological studies, the same area is also one of the European spot in recent lightning climatologies, meaning that convective rain plays an important role in the total rainfall. A network of 104 raingauges placed around the FVG territory is used to extract the absolute maximum rain accumulated every 6 hours in four subareas of FVG. In an attempt to improve the original ECMWF maximum rain, these data have been targeted to develop 32 statistical downscaling models, according to the period of the day, of the year and specific sub-area. ECMWF 6-hour rain forecasts available for all the gridpoints encompassed in the FVG territory and some derived variables (absolute values, anomalies, standardized values, plus mean, max and SD in time and/or space) have been used as predictors. With respect to a previous version of this work, here also the instability pseudo-indices (derived from the vertical profile with the maximum vertical resolution available in the ECMWF hybrid levels) are used as candidate predictors. Moreover, also non-linear methods, namely neural networks, are implemented, together with exhaustive multiregression models. Results show that the 32 models improve -on average- R2 of 12% on the validation sample and of 5% on the 2017 test sample, with respect to the ECMWF rain forecast, but the improvement is particularly notable during the convective season (18%).
Hitchhiking the high seas: Global genomics of rafting crabs

Population differentiation and diversification depend in large part on the ability and propensity of organisms to successfully disperse. However, our understanding of these processes in organisms with high dispersal ability is biased by the limited genetic resolution offered by traditional genotypic markers. Many neustonic animals disperse not only as pelagic larvae, but also as juveniles and adults while drifting or rafting at the surface of the open ocean. In theory, the heightened dispersal ability of these animals should limit opportunities for species diversification and population differentiation. To test these predictions, we used next-generation sequencing of genomewide restriction-site-associated DNA tags (RADseq) and traditional mitochondrial DNA sequencing, to investigate the species-level relationships and global population structure of Planes crabs collected from oceanic flotsam and sea turtles. Our results indicate that species diversity in this clade is low-likely three closely related species-with no evidence of cryptic or undescribed species. Moreover, our results indicate weak population differentiation among widely separated aggregations with genetic indices showing only subtle genetic discontinuities across all oceans of the world (RADseq F ST = 0.08-0.16). The results of this study provide unprecedented resolution of the systematics and global biogeography of this group and contribute valuable information to our understanding of how theoretical dispersal potential relates to actual population differentiation and diversification among marine organisms. Moreover, these results demonstrate the limitations of single gene analyses and the value of genomic-level resolution for estimating contemporary population structure in organisms with large, highly connected populations.
Truncated Nonlinear Interferometric Cantilever Beam-Displacement: Accessible Quantum Sensing

We show that relative beam displacement measurements with two-mode squeezed light sources are identical to truncated SU(1,1) interferometers, enabling a new quantum-enhanced atomic force microscopy suitable for broadband characterization of high-speed dynamics in materials.
Wittmann Patch : Superior Closure for the Open Abdomen.

IntroductionDamage control laparotomy (DCL) is a life-saving surgical technique, but the resultant open abdomen (OA) carries serious morbidity/mortality. Many methods are utilized to manage OAs, bu...
Reference flow: reducing reference bias using multiple population genomes

Most sequencing data analyses start by aligning sequencing reads to a linear reference genome, but failure to account for genetic variation leads to reference bias and confounding of results downstream. Other approaches replace the linear reference with structures like graphs that can include genetic variation, incurring major computational overhead. We propose the reference flow alignment method that uses multiple population reference genomes to improve alignment accuracy and reduce reference bias. Compared to the graph aligner vg, reference flow achieves a similar level of accuracy and bias avoidance but with 14% of the memory footprint and 5.5 times the speed.
Circular External Fixation Principles

The traditional uses for circular external fixators are open fractures and limb lengthening. Extensive preoperative planning, including templating, evaluation of the rotational profile, testing of joint stability, and a review of the patient's behavior health history, is recommended for circular fixation cases. This review will discuss the indications for circular external fixation, some of the pearls and pitfalls of the surgical technique and provide a case example.
Sequence-specific extracellular microRNAs activate TLR7 and induce cytokine secretion and leukocyte migration

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) can contribute to central nervous system disease pathologies via recognition of microRNAs (miRNAs); however, it remains to be determined which miRNAs are able to activate this signaling. Here we report that numerous miRNAs induced the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha in multiple myeloid cell types, including microglia, and that this effect was abolished in cells deficient in TLR7. Examination of closely related miRNAs that differed in their ability to activate TLR7 resulted in the identification of a motif (UGCUUAU) in miR-20a-5p and specific nucleotides (all the uridines and surprisingly the cytosine as well) in a key area of miR-20a-5p and miR-148b-3p that were vital for the secretion of cytokines via TLR7 stimulation. A 10-nucleotide sequence including this motif was identified to be the shortest single-stranded RNA to signal via TLR7. An miRNA containing this motif induced the secretion of multiple proinflammatory molecules, which was dependent on the phosphoinositide 3-kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase, and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell signaling pathways. Wild-type mice administered miR-20a-5p, which contained this motif, demonstrated increased leukocyte migration. This effect was significantly ameliorated in TLR7-knockout mice, and mice administered miR-20b-5p, in which the motif was mutated, did not exhibit leukocyte migration. We provide a detailed analysis of miRNAs that activate endosomal TLR7 and identify key nucleotide features of a sequence motif recognized by TLR7.
The Promise and Limits of Private Power: Promoting Labor Standards in a Global Economy

This book examines and evaluates various private initiatives to enforce fair labor standards within global supply chains. Using unique data (internal audit reports and access to more than 120 supply chain factories and 700 interviews in 14 countries) from several major global brands, including NIKE, HP and the International Labor Organization's Factory Improvement Programme in Vietnam, this book examines both the promise and the limitations of different approaches to actually improve working conditions, wages and working hours for the millions of workers employed in today's global supply chains. Through a careful, empirically grounded analysis of these programs, this book illustrates the mix of private and public regulation needed to address these complex issues in a global economy.
Extreme and Far Ultraviolet Astronomy from Voyagers 1 and 2

The instrumental characteristics, observational capabilities and scientific results of the Voyager 1 and 2 ultraviolet spectrometers are reviewed. These instruments provide current and ongoing access to low resolution spectra for a wide variety of astronomical sources in the 500 to 1700 A band. Observations of the brightest OB stars and hot subluminous stars as faint as V = 15 mag. are possible. In the EUV, at wavelengths shortward of 900 A, several new sources have been detected and a host of potential sources ruled out. In the Far UV, particularly at wavelengths between 900 and 1200 A, Voyager is capable of observing a wide range of stellar and non-stellar sources. Such observations can often provide a valuable complement to IUE and other data sets at longer wavelengths. The Voyager spectrometers have proved remarkably stable photon counting instruments, capable of extremely long integration times. The long integration times, relatively large field of view, and location in the outer solar system also provide an ideal platform for observations of sources of faint diffuse emission, such as nebulae and the general sky background.
Identifying ethical issues of the department of the army civilian and army nurse corps certified registered nurse anesthetists

The purposes of this study were to identify the ethical issues Department of the Army civilian and Army Nurse Corps certified registered nurse anesthetists (CRNAs) encountered in their anesthesia practice and how disturbed they were by these issues. This descriptive study used a secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional survey of Army Nurse Corps officers and Department of the Army civilian registered nurses (N = 5,293). The CRNA subset (n = 97) was obtained from questionnaires that indicated a primary practice setting as anesthesia. The most frequently occurring ethical issue identified was conflict in the nurse-physician relationship, whereas the most disturbing issue was working with incompetent/impaired colleagues. Unresolved ethical conflicts can negatively influence the nurses' morale, leading to avoidance of the issue and contributing to burnout. Identifying the ethical issues and disturbance level experienced by CRNAs should contribute to the development of an ethics education program that addresses issues encountered in CRNA practice.
Granular Media Filtration of Dredging Effluents

The consideration of a dredged material confinement facility as a solid-liquid separation system requires the use of filter systems for clarifying disposal area effluents. Presented herein are: (1)The types of tests that were performed; (2)the rationale for selecting the range of values for the parameters; (3)the methods and techniques for conducting the tests and collecting the data; (4)an analysis and review of the results. Conclusions are advanced regarding the characteristics and performance capabilities of sands or gravels and anthracites as media for nonmechanized deep bed filtration systems. In general, sands and anthracites with effective grain sizes smaller than 2.0 mm and 3.5 mm and larger than 0.4 mm and 0.8 mm, respectively, are strong candidates for use in disposal area filter systems.
Nonmetallic crystals with high thermal conductivity

Abstract Nonmetallic crystals transport heat primarily by phonons at room temperature and below. There are only a few nonmetallic crystals which can be classed as high thermal conductivity solids, in the sense of having a thermal conductivity of > 1 W/cmK at 300K. Thermal conductivity measurements on natural and synthetic diamond, cubic BN, BP and AIN confirm that all of them are high thermal conductivity solids. Studies have been made of the effect on the thermal conductivity of nitrogen impurities in diamond, and oxygen impurities in AIN. The nitrogen impurities scatter phonons mostly from the strain field, the oxygen impurities scatter phonons mostly from the mass defects caused by aluminum vacancies. Pure A1N as well as pure SiC, BeO, BP and BeS conduct heat almost as well as does copper at room temperature, while pure natural and synthetic diamonds conduct heat five times better than copper. All of the nonmetallic solids that are known to possess high thermal conductivity have either the diamond-like, boron carbide, or graphite crystal structure. There are twelve different diamond-like crystals, a few boron carbide-type crystals, and two graphite structure crystals that have high thermal conductivity. Analyses of the rock-salt, fluorite, quartz, corundum and other structures show no candidates for this class. The four rules for finding crystals with high thermal conductivity are that the crystal should have (1) low atomic mass, (2) strong bonding, (3) simple crystal structure, and (4) low anharmonicity. The prime example of such a solid is diamond, which has the highest known thermal conductivity at 300K.
Mitotic Phosphorylation Stimulates DNA Relaxation Activity of Human Topoisomerase I

Human DNA topoisomerase I (topo I) is an essential mammalian enzyme that regulates DNA supercoiling during transcription and replication. In addition, topo I is specifically targeted by the anticancer compound camptothecin and its derivatives. Previous studies have indicated that topo I is a phosphoprotein and that phosphorylation stimulates its DNA relaxation activity. The locations of most topo I phosphorylation sites have not been identified, preventing a more detailed examination of this modification. To address this issue, mass spectrometry was used to identify four topo I residues that are phosphorylated in intact cells: Ser10, Ser21, Ser112, and Ser394. Immunoblotting using anti-phosphoepitope antibodies demonstrated that these sites are phosphorylated during mitosis. In vitro kinase assays demonstrated that Ser10 can be phosphorylated by casein kinase II, Ser21 can be phosphorylated by protein kinase Cα, and Ser112 and Ser394 can be phosphorylated by Cdk1. When wild type topo I was pulled down from mitotic cells and dephosphorylated with alkaline phosphatase, topo I activity decreased 2-fold. Likewise, topo I polypeptide with all four phosphorylation sites mutated to alanine exhibited 2-fold lower DNA relaxation activity than wild type topo I after isolation from mitotic cells. Further mutational analysis demonstrated that Ser21 phosphorylation was responsible for this change. Consistent with these results, wild type topo I (but not S21A topo I) exhibited increased sensitivity to camptothecin-induced trapping on DNA during mitosis. Collectively these results indicate that topo I is phosphorylated during mitosis at multiple sites, one of which enhances DNA relaxation activity in vitro and interaction with DNA in cells.
Father Presence, Family Structure, and Feelings of Closeness to the Father Among Adult African American Children:

Previous literature primarily defines father presence and absence in terms of the father's residence in the home. This definition may purport an exceedingly negative image of African American families. The present study, however, seeks to redefine father presence in the context of feelings of closeness to the father as well as frequency of father visitation. Results suggest that a considerable portion of African American nonresident fathers visit their children on a daily or weekly basis, while at the same time a substantial proportion rarely have contact with their offspring. African American adult children with nonresident fathers feel significantly closer to their fathers than do their White peers. African American adult children were more likely than were Whites to believe that their mothers supported their relationship with their father and to have positive perceptions of their parents' relationship with each other across all family configurations.
Doubly charged porphyrin ion tandem mass spectrometry: Implications for structure elucidation

Under electron ionization (EI) conditions, porphyrins yield unusually high intensities of doubly charged molecular and fragment ions. These doubly charged ions offer unique opportunities for the structure elucidation of porphyrins by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). First, they fragment to a greater extent than the corresponding singly charged ions under both EI/MS and EI/MS/MS conditions. Second, doubly and singly charged porphyrin ions often fragment via different pathways, and can therefore yield different structural information. This paper describes several ways in which analyses of doubly charged porphyrin ions with a triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer can be useful in structure elucidation of porphyrins. The effect of the metal atom on the fragmentation of metalloporphyrins in an EI source is demonstrated by correlating the extent of doubly charged fragment ion formation to a stability index. Doubly charged porphyrin ions are shown to yield predominantly doubly charged daughter ions upon collisionally activated dissociation (CAD), and are also shown to fragment to a greater extent than corresponding singly charged porphyrin ions. Advantages and disadvantages of doubly charged porphyrin ion MS/MS for structure elucidation are discussed.
Caudal neurosecretory system: Possible role in pheromone production

Isolated brown bullhead catfish, Ictalurus nebulosus, were conditioned to discriminate between water samples from aquaria containing solitary conspecifics. Urine and extracts of urophyses, thoracic spinal cord, integument, gill and urinary bladder were then assayed to determine if they were active in effecting this discrimination. Urine and urophyseal extracts were consistently most active as sources of chemical information.
Religiosity and Depression: Ten-Year Follow-up of Depressed Mothers and Offspring

ABSTRACT Objective This study examines maternal religiosity as a protective factor against depression in offspring. Method Sixty mothers and 151 offspring were independently assessed over the course of a 10-year follow-up. Maternal and offspring religiosity were assessed on the basis of self-report of the importance of religion, the frequency of attendance of religious services, and religious denomination. Depression was assessed using the Schedule for Affective Disorders-Lifetime version. Maternal bonding style was assessed through offspring report on the Parental Bonding Instrument. A series of logistic regressions were run to predict offspring depression status, taking into account maternal religiosity, offspring religiosity, and mother-offspring concordance of religiosity. Results Maternal religiosity and mother-offspring concordance of religiosity were shown to be protective against offspring depression, independent of maternal parental bonding, maternal social functioning, and maternal demographics. Conclusion Maternal religiosity and offspring concordance with it may protect against depression in offspring.
In vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy using hyperpolarized 129Xe.

Hyperpolarized 129Xe has been used to obtain gas phase images of mouse lung in vivo, showing distinct ventilation variation as a function of the breathing cycle. Spectra of 129Xe in the thorax show complex structure in both the gas phase (-4 to 3 ppm) and tissue-dissolved (190-205 ppm) regions. The alveolar gas peak shows correlated intensity and frequency oscillations, both attributable to changes in lung volume during breathing. The two major dissolved peaks near 195-200 ppm are attributed to lung parenchyma and to blood; they reach maximum intensity in 5-10 s and decay with an apparent T1 of 30 s. Another peak at 190 ppm takes 20-30 s to reach maximum; this must represent other well-vascularized tissue (e.g., heart and other muscles) in the thorax. The maximum integrated area of the tissue components reaches 30-80% of the maximum alveolar gas area, indicating that imaging at tissue frequencies can be achieved.
Activation of the Transcription Factor FosB/Activating Protein-1 (AP-1) Is a Prominent Downstream Signal of the Extracellular Nucleotide Receptor P2RX7 in Monocytic and Osteoblastic Cells

Activation of the ionotropic P2RX7 nucleotide receptor by extracellular ATP has been implicated in modulating inflammatory disease progression. Continuous exposure of P2RX7 to ligand can result in apoptosis in many cell types, including monocytic cells, whereas transient activation of P2RX7 is linked to inflammatory mediator production and the promotion of cell growth. Given the rapid hydrolysis of ATP in the circulation and interstitial space, transient activation of P2RX7 appears critically important for its action, yet its effects on gene expression are unclear. The present study demonstrates that short-term stimulation of human and mouse monocytic cells as well as mouse osteoblasts with P2RX7 agonists substantially induces the expression of several activating protein-1 (AP-1) members, particularly FosB. The potent activation of FosB after P2RX7 stimulation is especially noteworthy considering that little is known concerning the role of FosB in immunological regulation. Interestingly, the magnitude of FosB activation induced by P2RX7 stimulation appears greater than that observed with other known inducers of FosB expression. In addition, we have identified a previously unrecognized role for FosB in osteoblasts with respect to nucleotide-induced expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which is the rate-limiting enzyme in prostaglandin biosynthesis from arachidonic acid and is critical for osteoblastic differentiation and immune behavior. The present studies are the first to link P2RX7 action to FosB/AP-1 regulation in multiple cell types, including a role in nucleotide-induced COX-2 expression, and support a role for FosB in the control of immune and osteogenic function by P2RX7.
SPATIOTEMPORAL CHANGES IN EXPRESSION OF TTF-1 IN AN ANIMAL MODEL OF BPD.† 1369

TTF-1 is a homeodomain transcriptional regulator expressed in thyroid, lung& parts of brain. In vitro, TTF-1 binds to and activates transcription from pulmonary and thyroid specific gene promoters. We have shown that suppression of TTF-1 leads to abnormal pulmonary epithelial morphogenesis and structural defects (Minoo et al., Dev. Biol. 172:694-698). Because Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, BPD, affects the structural & functional organization of the lung, we proposed that alternative morphogenetic signals released by tissue injury &/or repair subvert normal lung organogenesis by alternations in spatiotemporal regulation of TTF-1. To test this hypothesis, we used immunological and molecular probes that we have recently developed in our laboratory to determine the pattern of expression of TTF-1 protein and mRNA during late lung development and in chronic lung disease in a baboon model of BPD. mRNA for TTF-1 increased as a function of gestational age which correlated with expansion of the epithelial cell population. Nuclear staining for TTF-1 protein was localized to some but not all epithelial cells lining the airways & presumptive pre-alveolar spaces during late lung development. Relationship between expression of TTF-1 & surfactant gene expression in vivo is not known and is currently underway. Expression of TTF-1 was reduced in the lungs of baboons delivered at 140 day gestational age & ventilated with prolonged (6 to 10 days) hyperoxia. More specifically however, areas of collapsed airways and pre-alveolar airspaces were marked by the absence of TTF-1 protein as assayed by immunostaining. In contrast, epithelial cells in the lungs of control (PRN) animals was positive for TTF-1. Therefore, chronic lung injury which leads to structural aberrations characteristic of BPD, is accompanied by suppression of TTF-1 in pulmonary epithelial cells. These observations have significant implications regarding etiology of, & design of novel therapies for BPD. Supported by HL56221. The BPD Resource Center is supported by HL52636.
Measuring managerial cognitive styles: On the logical validity of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

Abstract This study examined the validity of the sensing-intuition and thinking-feeling scales of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator as a measure of cognitive styles (i.e., process). Using 20 full-time-employed graduate students in Business Administration as subjects, and simultaneous verbal protocols as a measure of process, only partial support for the scales was found. In particular, the sensing-intuition scale demonstrated greater convergence with processes hypothesized to be associated with it than did the thinking-feeling scale. Recommendations for improving the scales are made.
An in vitro study of the stability of the chicken intestinal cytosol 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-specific receptor

Abstract The stability of the chick intestinal cytosol receptor for 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 has been examined using radiological binding studies and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Specific binding of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 to the 3.7 S binding protein decreases in crude cytosol in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Increased receptor instability is also observed outside a pH range of 6 to 10. Ionic strength does not seem to be a critical factor in preventing loss of specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding activity. However, when KCl is present at a concentration of 300 m m during cytosol preparation, quantitatively more specific binding per unit protein was obtained. Consistent with the idea that loss of specific binding might be due to enzymatic degradation or inactivation of receptor, dilution of cytosol was found to slow the rate of loss of specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding. The importance of maintaining a reducing environment for the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding protein is demonstrated by the destruction of binding activity by n -ethylmaleimide and by the increased stability in the presence of 5.0 m m dithiothreitol. Likewise, 5.0 m m monothioglycerol was partially effective in preventing the loss of specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding during in vitro incubation. Several protease inhibitors were not able to exert a stabilizing influence on receptor integrity during in vitro incubations. Albeit, both tosylamide-phenylethylchloromethyl ketone and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate actually decreased specific 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 binding. This inhibition appeared to be reversible if samples were subsequently incubated in the presence of dithiothreitol. These results clearly demonstrate that the aporeceptor is extremely unstable and the integrity of sulfhydryl constituents is of primary importance.
Repetitive activity alters spike initiation locus and conduction velocity inAplysia axons

Abstract During a burst of spikes in the axon of neuron R2 ofAplysia, the spike initiation zone moves down the axon. The orthodromic latency of propagated spikes decreases as the trigger zone moves distally. At the same time, the conduction velocity of the spikes slows down, which leads to lengthening of interspike intervals, especially in remote regions of the axon. Similar timing changes are seen in the chemical and electrotonic postsynaptic potentials in some follower neurons of L10.
p27(kip1) and Other Cell-Cycle Protein Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Endocrine Tissues.

Endocrine tumors are often diagnostic challenges. Recent studies have suggested that proteins that regulate cell cycle may have diagnostic and prognostic utility in endocrine tumors. p27kip 1 (p27) is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor that regulates the transition from the G1 to the S phase of the cell cycle. p27 and other cell-cycle proteins are becoming increasingly important in assessing the biologic behavior of endocrine neoplasms, classifying hyperplastic and neoplastic endocrine tissues, and in the progression of endocrine tumors. p27 appears to separate normal from neoplastic endocrine tissues and, in some cases, benign from malignant endocrine tumors. However, there is overlap in p27 expression among individual cases of benign and malignant tumors, and p27 has only limited prognostic utility in endocrine tumors compared to some epithelial tumors such as breast and prostate neoplasms. Thus, more effective molecular and cellular markers that can be used for diagnostic and prognostic purposes in endocrine pathology are needed.
Analysis of the effects of electrostatic interactions on protein transport through zwitterionic ultrafiltration membranes using protein charge ladders

A large number of studies have shown that zwitterionic ultrafiltration membranes have very low protein fouling due to the strongly hydrated structure of the zwitterionic modification. However, there is much less known about the effects of the zwitterionic functionality on the electrostatic interactions governing protein transport through these membranes. The objective of this work was to use protein charge ladders to evaluate the effects of electrostatic interactions on protein transport through cellulosic ultrafiltration membranes modified with a zwitterionic functionality. Data were obtained using protein charge ladders formed by reacting lysozyme and α-lactalbumin with acetic anhydride to generate a series of protein derivatives (ladders) differing by single charge groups but with essentially identical size. Protein retention was greater for the more positively charged elements within the charge ladder, consistent with a weak electrostatic repulsion from the zwitterionic membrane which had a small positive charge at pH 7. Data for all elements of the protein charge ladder (both positively and negatively charged) were in excellent agreement with calculations of a theoretical model based on the partitioning of a charged sphere (protein) in a charged cylinder. The results demonstrate the potential of using zwitterionic membranes for enhanced ultrafiltration with high selectivity and minimal fouling. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41540.
A selective stepwise heme oxygenase model system: an iron(IV)-oxo porphyrin π-cation radical leads to a verdoheme-type compound via an isoporphyrin intermediate.

The selective oxidation of the α-position of two heme-FeIII tetraarylporphryinate complexes occurs when water(hydroxide) attacks their oxidized Cmpd I-type equivalents, high-valent FeIV═O π-cation radical species ((P+•)FeIV═O). Stepwise intermediate formation occurs, as detected by UV–vis spectroscopic monitoring or mass spectrometric interrogation, being iron(III) isoporphyrins, iron(III) benzoyl-biliverdins, and the final verdoheme-like products. Heme oxygenase (HO) enzymes could proceed through heterolytic cleavage of an iron(III)-hydroperoxo intermediate to form a transient Cmpd I-type species.
Effects of ration size on preferred temperature of lake charr Salvelinus namaycush

I tested the effects of different ration sizes on preferred temperatures of yearling lake charr, Salvelinus namaycush, by feeding them for about 2 weeks on one of four rations and then allowing them to thermoregulate in a temporal thermal gradient for 2 to 3 days. Selected temperatures and ration were directly and linearly correlated: the larger the ration, the higher the temperature selected. Mean preferred temperatures at different rations (shown in parentheses as percent of body weight per day) were as follows: 9.2°C (0.3); 10.6°C (0.8); 11.7°C (2.0); and 12.6°C (5.5). While the shift to lower temperature, under restricted ration, would maximize food conversion efficiency, previous growth studies indicate that even lower selected temperature would have been more beneficial.
Planar Solid-State and Solution Structures of (Porphinato)nickel(II) As Determined by X-ray Diffraction and Resonance Raman Spectroscopy

The structure of (porphinato)nickel(II) [Ni(P)] has been determined by X-ray diffraction and inferred from a combination of single-crystal and solution resonance Raman measurements. The crystal structure reveals a planar porphyrin macrocycle with a π−π dimer packing configuration exhibiting a small lateral shift. This group S crystallographic packing arrangement has been suggested to give strong π−π interactions between the porphyrin rings on the basis of the small interplanar spacing (3.355 A) and lateral shift (1.528 A) between the porphine planes. Strong π−π interactions are usually associated with geometrically inequivalent structural parameters such as different metal−nitrogen bond distances, but this is not observed for Ni(P). The average nickel−nitrogen bond distance is 1.951 A, consistent with planar nickel porphyrins. The root-mean-square out-of-plane displacement from the mean plane of the macrocyclic atoms is 0.019 A, consonant with the observed very slight ruffling of the macrocycle. A salient...
Improved performance of microstrip couplers through multi-layer substrates

Edge-coupled microstrip directional couplers are widely used in microwave circuits, however practical limits on center conductor spacings limit the level of coupling that can be attained. In addition, differences in the even and odd mode phase velocities degrade the performance of broad-side coupled microstrip directional couplers. A new technique for equalizing the phase velocities is presented which enhances the coupling and directivity, but uses wider center conductor spacing than traditional designs. This new technique uses two substrate layers where the upper substrate dielectric constant is much larger than the dielectric constant of the lower substrate. This allows the design of directional couplers with tighter couplings and better performance.
A new species of Clavaria fruiting with Vaccinium.

(1989). A New Species of Clavaria Fruiting with Vaccinium. Mycologia: Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 325-327.
Breaking bad news is a teachable skill in pediatric residents: A feasibility study of an educational intervention

Abstract Objective Patients and physicians identify communication of bad news as a skill in need of improvement. Our objectives were to measure change in performance of first-year pediatric residents in the delivery of bad news after an educational intervention and to measure if changes in performance were sustained over time. Methods Communication skills of 29 residents were assessed via videotaped standardized patient (SP) encounters at 3 time points: baseline, immediately post-intervention, and 3 months post-intervention. Educational intervention used was the previously published “GRIEV_ING Death Notification Protocol.” Results The intraclass correlation coefficient demonstrated substantial inter-rater agreement with the assessment tool. Performance scores significantly improved from baseline to immediate post-intervention. Performance at 3 months post-intervention showed no change in two subscales and small improvement in one subscale. Conclusions We concluded that breaking bad news is a complex and teachable skill that can be developed in pediatric residents. Improvement was sustained over time, indicating the utility of this educational intervention. Practice implications This study brings attention to the need for improved communication training, and the feasibility of an education intervention in a large training program. Further work in development of comprehensive communication curricula is necessary in pediatric graduate medical education programs.
Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction with calcified renal pelvis and superimposed spindle cell urothelial carcinoma

A case of congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction with calcification of the walls of the renal pelvis and with a superimposed urothelial tumor is described and illustrated.
Histomorphometric study of alveolar bone turnover in orthodontic tooth movement

Selected histomorphometric parameters were measured in alveolar bone adjacent to rat molars treated with a 40-gram tipping force designed to tip the molar mesially and with a sham procedure. Undecalcified parasagittal sections of teeth and surrounding tissues were prepared for static and dynamic histomorphometry at 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Initial tooth displacement was assessed by measuring differences between groups in the widths of the day-1 periodontal ligaments (PDL) at various vertical locations and correlating these using linear regression analysis. All parameters were measured in the alveolar bone adjacent to four quadrants around the teeth (mesial-distal; occlusalapical). Means and standard errors for each parameter in each group were calculated and compared for time- and group-specific differences using ANOVA and pairwise comparisons with Scheffe's multiple comparison tests. In sham-treated rats, bone resorption predominated on the distal alveolar surface, but significant surface-related differences between mesial and distal surfaces in bone formation were not demonstrated. Time-specific effects in bone resorption were not evident on either surface in the shams. These findings suggested that molar distal drift in the sham rat is facilitated by resorption in the distal alveolar bone. PDL width changes in orthodontically-treated rats were greatest in the mesial occlusal half of the root and decayed linearly toward the apex indicating that the greater initial tooth displacement occurred in the occlusal half of the root surface. Histomorphometric parameters of alveolar bone turnover were also seen to be greater in these locations, suggesting that these processes were sensitive to the increased tooth displacement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Retroflection Paradox

Abstract The classical question of what happens; when a warm western boundary current, such as the North Brazil Current (NBC), retroflects is addressed analytically using a reduced-gravity nonlinear model. The traditional view is that the northwestward flowing current separates from the wall, turns to the right (looking offshore), and forms a zonal boundary current that flows eastward. Integration of the steady inviscid momentum equation along the boundary gives the longshore momentum flux (or flow force) and shows that such a scenario leads to a paradox. To resolve the paradox the separated current must constantly shed anticyclones, which propagate to the northwest due to β and an interaction with the boundary. This new eddy shedding mechanism, which is not related to the traditional instability of a zonal jet, may explain why the NBC must produce rings. A nonlinear analytical solution to the problem is constructed with the aid of a powerful theoretical approach based on the idea that nonlinear periodic ...
Space-time block-coded multiple access through frequency-selective fading channels

Mitigation of multipath fading effects and suppression of multiuser interference (MUI) constitute major challenges in the design of wide-band third-generation wireless mobile systems. Space-time (ST) coding offers an effective transmit-antenna diversity technique to combat fading, but most existing ST coding schemes assume flat fading channels that may not be valid for wide-band communications. Single-user ST coded orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing transmissions over frequency-selective channels suffer from finite-impulse response channel nulls (fades). Especially multiuser ST block-coded transmissions through (perhaps unknown) multipath present unique challenges in suppressing not only MUI but also intersymbol/chip interference. In this paper, we design ST multiuser transceivers suitable for coping with frequency-selective multipath channels (downlink or uplink). Relying on symbol blocking and a single-receive antenna, ST block codes are derived and MUI is eliminated without destroying the orthogonality of ST block codes. The system is shown capable of providing transmit diversity while guaranteeing symbol recovery in multiuser environments, regardless of unknown multipath. Unlike existing approaches, the mobile does not need to know the channel of other users. In addition to decoding simplicity, analytic evaluation and corroborating simulations reveal its flexibility and performance merits.
Gaps in translation from trials to practice: Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation

Worldwide there is a tremendous need for affordable anticoagulants that do not require monitoring. The advent of the non-warfarin oral anticoagulant drugs represents a major advance for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF). The objectives of this review are to 1) identify gaps in our current knowledge regarding use of these single target anticoagulant drugs; 2) outline the potential implications of these gaps for clinical practice, and thereby, 3) highlight areas of research to further optimise their use for stroke prevention in AF.
Mechanism of ice formation in seeded convective storms

Water vapor transfer processes in clouds were examined as they apply to the formation of ice crystals on solver iodide particles acting as ice forming nuclei. Part of the water vapor released from freezing cloud droplets is available for recondensation on aerosol particles active as condensation nuclei at high supersaturations. Calculations have shown that the combination of a high liquid water content, an updraft, and a large concentration of submicron silver iodide particles is required for rapid formation of ice crystals in a seeded cloud. Ice crystal concentrations produced by the recondensation of water vapor on silver iodide particles are orders of magnitude larger than concentrations resulting from Brownian diffusion of silver iodide particles to cloud droplets. Ice formation by this mechanism provides a satisfactory explanation of seeding efficacy in severe storms.
An experimental program-testing facility

This paper describes an experimental program testing facility called the interactive semantic modelling system (ISMS). The ISMS is designed to allow experimentation with a wide variety of tools for collecting, analyzing, and displaying testing information. The design methodology is applicable to procedural programming languages, and Algol 60 is being used as the vehicle for elaboration of design principles and implementation techniques. This paper discusses the ISMS design, and describes the various types of analysis and display tools being developed to facilitate program testing. The ISM Preprocessor is described, an an example is presented to illustrate the data structures utilized in the ISMS.