cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Several Relations on Theoretical System of Military Equipment Subject

Science of military equipment is an emerging and rapidly developing military science.Scientific building military equipment theoretical system is not only the foundation to strengthen the science disciplines,but also the necessary condition to deepen the theoretical study and guide practical activities of military equipment.This paper analyzes some points in the science of military equipment and other works,including several relations on theoretical system and discipline system,the basic theory and base theory,technical theory and theoretical system,hierarchical theory and applied theory,base theory and applied theory.The paper offers different views to causing theorists to contend.
Effect of obesity on early blood–brain barrier disruption following transient focal cerebral ischemia

Summary Objective We determined the effect of obesity on early post-ischemic blood–brain barrier (BBB) disruption. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) or standard chow for 16 weeks. Transient focal cerebral ischemia was induced by directly ligating the middle cerebral artery for 2 h. Early BBB disruption was assessed by measuring Evans Blue and sodium fluorescein extravasation at 3 h of reperfusion. Results Obesity produced an increase in cerebral vasodilation/hyperaemia during reperfusion. N(omega)-propyl-L-arginine and 7-nitroindazole (neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitors) failed to alter the cerebral vasodilation/hyperaemia in lean mice, but significantly inhibited the cerebral vasodilation/hyperaemia in obese mice. The magnitude of early post-ischemic BBB disruption was significantly greater in obese mice compared with lean mice. Topical treatment with N(omega)-propyl-L-arginine, 7-nitroindazole or N(omega)-propyl-L-arginine, 7-nitroindazole (a non-specific nitric oxide synthase [NOS] inhibitor) completely abolished the BBB disruption in lean mice, but only partially suppressed the BBB disruption in obese mice. Furthermore, a reduced matrix metallopeptidase (MMP)-9 activity and increased endothelial NOS accompanied with unchanged protein expression of tight/adherens junctions were found in cerebral cortex of obese mice. Conclusions Our findings suggest that obesity exacerbates early post-ischemic BBB disruption via a mechanism independent of MMP or NOS.
Chinese Aid in Africa

China’s relations with Africa began almost six centuries ago with a ceremonial exchange of gifts. In 1415, Chinese explorers brought shiploads of Chinese porcelains, silks, pepper and rice to the East African coast, and in return, the Kenyan town of Malindi sent a single giraffe, followed by zebras, lions, frankincense and rare spices.1 Almost six hundred years later, a pair of Kenyan giraffes accompanied President Moi in his 1988 state visit to China, and a Chinese loan of US$13.0 million followed President Moi’s two giraffes.
Review of the book Confronting Gun Violence in America by Thomas Gabor

In 2014, an estimated 115 000 individuals in the USA sustained a firearm-related injury, 34 000 of whom died.1 There are also 40 times as many non-fatal firearm-related crimes as there are firearm deaths.2 Extensive evidence clearly indicates that firearm-related violence constitutes one of the most pressing public health and public safety issues of our time in the USA. While the public health approach has demonstrated notable success in reducing morbidity and mortality from an impressive array of illnesses and injuries over the past few decades,3 we have made little progress in reducing the rate of firearm-related violence. Confronting Gun Violence in America 4 is a valuable addition to the existing literature and enhances our understanding of the scope, determinants and consequences of this major problem in the USA. The book is organised into five parts that comprehensively examine the scale of America's gun violence problem (Chapters 1 and 2), harms associated with firearms (Chapters 3–8), …
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease: the influence of apolipoprotein E on amyloid-β and other amyloidogenic proteins

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the fastest-growing causes of death and disability in persons 65 years of age or older, affecting more than 5 million Americans alone. Clinical manifestations of AD include progressive decline in memory, executive function, language, and other cognitive domains. Research efforts within the last three decades have identified APOE as the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, which accounts for >99% of cases. The apoE protein is hypothesized to affect AD pathogenesis through a variety of mechanisms, from its effects on the blood-brain barrier, the innate immune system, and synaptic function to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Here, we discuss the role of apoE on the biophysical properties and metabolism of the Aβ peptide, the principal component of amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins (including Aβ) in the leptomeningeal medium and small arteries, which is found in most AD cases but sometimes occurs as an independent entity. Accumulation of these pathologies in the brain is one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Beyond Aβ, we will extend the discussion to the potential role of apoE on other amyloidogenic proteins found in AD, and also a number of diverse neurodegenerative diseases.
High-Exposure, Targeted Daily Busulfan and Fludarabine-Based Conditioning for Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation for Inherited Metabolic Disorders: Outcomes at a Single Center

Abstract Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has emerged as standard therapy for children suffering from various life-threatening inherited metabolic disorders (IMD). Historically, successful outcomes have been limited by high rates of both graft failure and regimen-related toxicity. Real-time busulfan pharmacokinetic monitoring, combined with once daily dosing, has allowed for more precise delivery of targeted exposures during transplant conditioning. Recently, the Utrecht group reported highly favorable outcomes following a high-dose busulfan and fludarabine-based preparative regimen in patients with a variety of diagnoses, particularly in comparison to historical regimens that employ two or more alkylating agents. We report our experience using the same regimen specifically in patients with IMD. Since July 2014, 24 children undergoing first HSCT for IMD were conditioned with once daily IV busulfan (4 days; total regimen exposure of 90 mg x h/L) and once daily IV fludarabine (40 mg/m2/day x 4 days). Busulfan pharmacokinetic monitoring was performed on each of the first 3 doses (days); subsequent doses were altered to achieve the desired total regimen exposure. Serotherapy use was donor-dependent: HLA-matched related donor (MRD, n = 5), none; unrelated UCB (n = 16), thymoglobulin (2.5 mg/kg/day, days - 8 to -5); HLA-matched unrelated donor (MUD, n = 1), thymoglobulin (2.5 mg/kg/day, days - 5 -to -2); and, related HLA haploidentical marrow (n = 2), alemtuzumab (0.5 mg/kg divided days -11 and -10), +/- rituximab (375 mg/m2, day -12). All patients received CSA for GvHD prophylaxis. Additional GvH prophylaxis depended upon the allograft source: UCB, prednisolone; MRD/MUD, MMF; related haploidentical, MMF and post-transplant cyclophosphamide. Growth factor support was administered to recipients of UCB or haploidentical grafts. IMD diagnoses were as follows: Hurler syndrome (n = 10); cerebral adrenoleukodystrophy (n = 9); metachromatic leukodystrophy (n = 1); osteopetrosis (n = 1); fucosidosis (n = 1); alpha-mannosidosis (n = 1); and, beta-mannosidosis (n = 1). At a median follow-up of 229 days (range, 15 - 743), 22 of 24 patients survive, with a Kaplan Meier estimate of survival at one year of 86%. Causes of death were pulmonary bronchiolitis obliterans (BOS, n = 1) and graft failure (n = 1). Twenty-two patients had initial donor neutrophil recovery at a median day +14 (range, +11 to +21); for these patients, the median duration of severe neutropenia (ANC Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Modulation of Bax and mTOR for Cancer Therapeutics

A rationale exists for pharmacologic manipulation of the serine (S)184 phosphorylation site of the proapoptotic Bcl2 family member Bax as an anticancer strategy. Here, we report the refinement of the Bax agonist SMBA1 to generate CYD-2-11, which has characteristics of a suitable clinical lead compound. CYD-2-11 targeted the structural pocket proximal to S184 in the C-terminal region of Bax, directly activating its proapoptotic activity by inducing a conformational change enabling formation of Bax homooligomers in mitochondrial membranes. In murine models of small-cell and non-small cell lung cancers, including patient-derived xenograft and the genetically engineered mutant KRAS-driven lung cancer models, CYD-2-11 suppressed malignant growth without evident significant toxicity to normal tissues. In lung cancer patients treated with mTOR inhibitor RAD001, we observed enhanced S184 Bax phosphorylation in lung cancer cells and tissues that inactivates the propaoptotic function of Bax, contributing to rapalog resistance. Combined treatment of CYD-2-11 and RAD001 in murine lung cancer models displayed strong synergistic activity and overcame rapalog resistance in vitro and in vivo Taken together, our findings provide preclinical evidence for a pharmacologic combination of Bax activation and mTOR inhibition as a rational strategy to improve lung cancer treatment. Cancer Res; 77(11); 3001-12. ©2017 AACR.
Following the Preclinical Data: Leveraging the Abscopal Effect More Efficaciously.

Radiotherapy is employed in the treatment of over 50% of cancer patients. However, this therapy approach is limited to mainly treating localized disease. In 1953, Mole described the remarkable abscopal effect, whereby, localized radiotherapy of a patient’s primary tumor may engender regression of cancer at distant sites, which were not irradiated. Current consensus is that if the abscopal effect can be efficaciously leveraged, it would transform the field of radiation oncology, extending the use of radiotherapy to treatment of both localized and metastatic disease. A close examination of the literature on the abscopal effect proffers a disruptive new hypothesis for consideration in future clinical trials. This hypothesis is that generating a subcutaneous human tumor autograft as the primary tumor may be a more efficacious approach to prime the abscopal effect. Following the preclinical data, the merits and demerits of such an approach are examined in this article.
Predictive Value of Age-Adjusted Charlson Co-Morbidity Index for 1-, 3-, and 5-Year Mortality in Patients Requiring Transcatheter Mitral Valve Repair.

Co-morbidities increase markedly with aging, and they often negatively affect its prognosis. Although mortality with transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr) is significantly less than for open mitral valve surgery in patients at high surgical risk, it remains a concern to identify which patients will benefit from this treatment. Some prognostic metrics have been reported to guide better patient selection; however, universal risk stratification measures have not been established. This study aimed to determine if age-adjusted Charlson co-morbidity index (CCI) could predict mortality in patients who underwent TMVr and to assess its discriminatory performance in long-term outcomes. We retrospectively reviewed 222 patients who underwent TMVr, and 7 who died in hospital was excluded. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to select the demographic characteristics that were associated with cumulative mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed for predicting all-cause mortality, and discriminatory performance was assessed. We found that the age-adjusted CCI (hazard ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.16 to 1.51, p <0.001), New York Heart Association classification, and atrial fibrillation were independently associated with mortality. The age-adjusted CCI demonstrated good discriminative performance for predicting mortality at 3 and 5 years (area under the curve 0.71 and 0.77, respectively) and were greater than those of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons score in receiver-operating characteristic analysis. Kaplan-Meier curve demonstrated that the age-adjusted CCI ≥ 8 had poor prognosis after TMVr. In conclusions, the age-adjusted CCI could predict mortality and had a good discriminative performance for predicting longer term outcomes in patients who underwent TMVr.
Investigating trust in information and impression management of students on Facebook

The growth of social networking sites in the last few years has changed the pattern of its utility thereby providing yet another new social phenomenon. Of particular interest is the intention of recruiting managers to use social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace to conduct background checks on prospective job candidates. Also, school authorities and law enforcement officials have occasionally used evidence gleaned from a user's Facebook account to trace or confirm evidence of criminal activities. This research contributes to the existing literature by extending existing theory that integrates the theoretical framework of digital impression management with trust in the accuracy of digital information using nine independent variables: visibility indicator, SNS information currency, visibility awareness, technology awareness, impression motivation, SNS information quality, information objectivity, information relevance, and SNS information trustworthiness to predict a dependent variable, impression construction. The authors developed the proposed model based on the existing literature. Using Impression Management Theory, and Trust in Digital Information Theory, this work posits a framework that describes how user behavior is related to visibility awareness, trust in a social networking site information, and awareness of various features of the technology. The implications of this study emphasize the value of the impression management framework and attempts to explain the very complex human behavior in an online platform. The authors of this research acknowledge limitations. This study does not consider whether impression management in the context of online social interactions results in perceived resonant or discordant realities of the actors creating the impression for the target audience, which is outside the scope of this research. Future research will test this posited model.
Preservation of Geospatial Data: the Connection with Open Standards Development

Efforts to preserve geospatial data stand to benefit from the development and implementation of open standards which ensure that data are interoperable not only across software systems but also across time. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) is an international industry consortium of companies, government agencies and universities that work together to develop publicly available interface specifications. OGC specifications support interoperable solutions that “geo-enable” the Web, wireless and location- based services, and mainstream information technology. Examples of OGC specifications include Web Mapping Service (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS), WebCoverage Service (WCS), Geography Markup Language (GML), and OGC KML.
A Model of Human Fault Detection for Complex Dynamic Processes

An understanding of the human as a monitor is particularly important in any man-machine system; whether by design or by default almost all systems require some sort of human monitoring and supervision to ensure proper operation. Research in the past several years has recognized the importance of the human monitor’s role in manned-vehicle systems (e.g., Sheridan and Johannsen, 1976). There is a similar interest in the role and capabilities of the human monitor and operator for other processes as well (e.g., Edwards and Lees, 1974); this interest has been intensified by the “human factors” contribution to the Three Mile Island nuclear power plant accident. That the human should perform as a less-than-ideal monitor and operator in such situations came as no surprise to the many researchers in this field.
Very Fast Similarity Queries on Semi-Structured Data from the Web

In this paper, we propose a single low-dimensional representation for entities found in different datasets on the web. Our proposed PIC-D embeddings can represent large D-partite graphs using small number of dimensions enabling fast similarity queries. Our experiments show that this representation can be constructed in small amount of time (linear in number of dimensions). We demonstrate how it can be used for variety of similarity queries like set expansion, automatic set instance acquisition, and column classification. Our approach results in comparable precision with respect to task specific baselines and up to two orders of magnitude improvement in terms of query response time.
The IAP family of apoptotic regulators.

An avalanche of recent discoveries has led to the identification and characterization of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) factors, a family of proteins which has been highly conserved throughout evolution. While relatively little is known about the precise roles of IAPs, the available information suggests that they play an integral role in the programmed cell death pathway. In this chapter we will present a perspective of the discovery and the evolution of our understanding of the IAPs.
Evaluation of the Content and Accessibility of Web Sites for Accredited Orthopaedic Trauma Surgery Fellowships.

BACKGROUND Orthopaedic trauma fellowship applicants use online-based resources when researching information on potential U.S. fellowship programs. The 2 primary sources for identifying programs are the Orthopaedic Trauma Association (OTA) database and the San Francisco Match (SF Match) database. Previous studies in other orthopaedic subspecialty areas have demonstrated considerable discrepancies among fellowship programs. The purpose of this study was to analyze content and availability of information on orthopaedic trauma surgery fellowship web sites. METHODS The online databases of the OTA and SF Match were reviewed to determine the availability of embedded program links or external links for the included programs. Thereafter, a Google search was performed for each program individually by typing the program's name, followed by the term "orthopaedic trauma fellowship." All identified fellowship web sites were analyzed for accessibility and content. Web sites were evaluated for comprehensiveness in mentioning key components of the orthopaedic trauma surgery curriculum. By consensus, we refined the final list of variables utilizing the methodology of previous studies on the topic. RESULTS We identified 54 OTA-accredited fellowship programs, offering 87 positions. The majority (94%) of programs had web sites accessible through a Google search. Of the 51 web sites found, all (100%) described their program. Most commonly, hospital affiliation (88%), operative experiences (76%), and rotation overview (65%) were listed, and, least commonly, interview dates (6%), selection criteria (16%), on-call requirements (20%), and fellow evaluation criteria (20%) were listed. Programs with ≥2 fellows provided more information with regard to education content (p = 0.0001) and recruitment content (p = 0.013). Programs with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accreditation status also provided greater information with regard to education content (odds ratio, 4.0; p = 0.0001). Otherwise, no differences were seen by region, residency affiliation, medical school affiliation, or hospital affiliation. CONCLUSIONS The SF Match and OTA databases provide few direct links to fellowship web sites. Individual program web sites do not effectively and completely convey information about the programs. The Internet is an underused resource for fellow recruitment. The lack of information on these sites allows for future opportunity to optimize this resource.
Pierre Robin Sequence

Pierre Robin Sequence (PRS) is a rare condition described in the early twentieth century as the triad of micrognathia, glossoptosis and upper airway obstruction occurring in infants.Up to 90% of infants affected will have a cleft palate.The severity of the condition varies widely.The airway obstruction may be immediately life threatening, or associated with difficulties with feeding and faltering growth which can also be severe.More commonly the airway obstruction is more mild, and can often be managed by conservative intervention such as positioning of the child.
Use of geosocial networking applications to reach men who have sex with men: progress and opportunities for improvement

In the last decade there has been a sharp increase in the spread of smartphones, with a parallel increase in the use of geosocial networking (GSN) applications (apps) in men who have sex with men (MSM). One of the most popular uses of GSN apps among MSM is for finding nearby sexual or romantic partners. GSN apps such as Grindr, Hornet, Jack’d and Scruff have become quite popular and there are now tens of millions of MSM who use such apps globally.1 In a meta-analysis of MSM GSN users, app users versus non-app users were found to be younger, more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviours and have a higher prevalence of prior STIs, but lower prevalence of HIV.1 It has become of great interest to see whether GSN apps can also be used as platforms to promote increased sexual health awareness and testing for HIV and STIs. There have been several types of interventions that have used apps to promote HIV and STI awareness and testing. One approach has been to use stand-alone HIV/STI apps that have been created to provide services such as information about HIV/STIs, testing information and condom promotion. However, these apps were infrequently downloaded and not highly rated, limiting their effectiveness.2 An alternative approach is to use existing popular GSN apps to promote HIV and STI testing. Some groups have used advertising/pop-up messaging within GSN apps for this purpose. This method has been used within Grindr to recruit MSM in Los Angeles, California for rectal microbicide development research,3 increase syphilis testing in Darwin, Australia,4 and increase HIV self-testing among minority MSM in Los Angeles, California.5 A more proactive approach has also …
Communications in a cave environment

Lava tubes are thought to exist on Mars and on the Moon, and are of special interest for science objectives and human habitability. The communications environment in such a cave is important for exploration. This paper explores the use of the shooting and bouncing rays (SBR) approximation to modeling the electromagnetics environment in a basalt rock lava tube with an obstruction, such as a cave-in. The cave, which has smooth walls, widens until the obstruction occurs, and then narrows. There is no line-of-sight communications path. A cave length of 100 meters is modeled. Existing knowledge of tunnel communications and the ANSYS Savant tool are leveraged in order to provide results for the cave geometry. A number of observations are offered in the following areas based on indications obtained from lava tube modeling: (1) Enhanced signals are observed. This is the degree to which the cave walls can create an amplification of the received signal and assist communications by reflecting the incident and re-scattered signals. Communications behind the obstacle is possible. (2) Spatial signal fading was observed, hinting at geometric effects or that scattered signals can combine destructively. Deep fades occur but appear to be rare. (3) Diminished signal strength occurs at the boundaries. Robotic exploration may take place close to the cave floor or walls. Indications from simulation for signal strengths close to the cave floor and walls are examined. (4) Frequency-selective fading can occur. The time-delay spread is discussed. The simulation results include an evaluation of IEEE 802.11 WiFi at 2.4 GHz using a freestanding electric cross dipole antenna and transmitted signal powers from 10mW to 100mW. Receive data rates are derived at locations throughout the cave and are provided to the degree that the cave geometry and electromagnetics approximations hold. These are only estimates of actual data rates subject to the approximations that were applied. Simplifications and adaptations of the WiFi waveform are discussed as part of a power trade.
Toward a Notion of Feature Extraction for Plane Mappings

My concern is the delineation of features for plane mappings as they express the relation of two biological images. Perhaps one picture represents a statistical norm for an organ, the other the form observed in an individual patient; or perhaps one represents an organ prior to a treatment, the other the same after treatment or after growth. I and my colleagues have argued elsewhere (Bookstein, 1986a, 1986b; Bookstein et al., 1985) that the crux of the quantitative analysis of biological form is the, representation of its variation by means of such mappings: this is the mathematical model of shape change as deformation. The idea is not new—it is most often associated with the name of the great British natural philosopher D’Arcy Thompson—but it is not familiar in the context of “feature extraction” as currently applied in medical imaging. It is usual instead for features to pertain to images considered one at a time. In this paper I continue the elaboration of quantitative features for a pair of images viewed as corresponding biological scenes.
Losing Your Temper and Your Perspective: Anger Harms Perspective-Taking

Across six studies, we find that both incidental and integral anger harm perspective-taking. In Study 1, participants who felt incidental anger were less likely to take others’ perspectives than th...
Kraepelin and His Influence on Modern Classification

Classification became an unpopular topic among American mental-health professionals during the mid-twentieth centry. The best summary of the pejorative connotation of classification is contained in Szasz’s (1961) statement, “Classifiers should be classified, not people.”
Perioperative Care of the Orthopedic Patient with Connective Tissue Disease

Patients with connective tissue diseases and inflammatory arthritis frequently require orthopedic surgery in the setting of poorly responsive inflammatory arthritis. Multisystem involvement in these patients frequently includes cardiopulmonary disease that requires identification and investigation preoperatively. Results of surgery are gratifying specifically with respect to pain relief but functional improvements may lag behind patients with osteoarthritis undergoing the same procedures. Careful collaboration between surgeons, anesthesiologists, and rheumatologists is fundamental in order to optimize outcome.
DAG second messengers: molecular switches and growth control.

Protein kinase C isozymes are stereospecifically regulated by diacylglycerol (DAG) second messengers or phorbol esters (PDBu) through interactions with cysteine-rich PKC segments (Cysl, Cys2) containing six conserved cysteines (C) and two conserved histidines (H) in the pattern H-X12-C-X10–14-C-X2-C-X4-H-X2-C-X7-C where X are non-conserved residues. The CYS2 region of PKC-gamma (amino acids 92–173) expressed as a COOH-terminal fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (GST-Cys2) displayed high-affinity, stereospecific, and phospholipid dependent binding to phorbol ester and contained 2 moles of zinc per mole protein. The minimal sequence required for PDBu binding was elucidated by deletion analysis. The NH2-terminal conserved histidine H102 was essential for both coordination of 1 zinc atom and PDBu binding. By contrast, although the COOH-terminal conserved C-151 was involved in the coordination of 1 zinc atom, it was not essential for PDBu binding. PDBu binding was decreased substantially upon removal of Val147 and lost entirely when Val144 was deleted. A cysteine-rich region homologous to Cysl is also found in the protooncoprotein Raf-1 kinase. GST-fusion proteins containing this region of raf-1 contained two moles of zinc but did not bind PDBu. This fusion protein translocated to phospholipid vesicles in an phosphatidylserine (PS)-dependent manner. Such raf-1 translocation to the membrane brings it in proximity to activated GTP-ras which interacts directly with raf-1 during signal transduction.
Artificial intelligence techniques for diagnostic reasoning in medicine

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for diagnostic reasoning. It presents a historical perspective of these techniques. Because of various limitations of the existing techniques, a group of researchers turned to the expert physician as a resource that might provide detailed insights into the basic nature of clinical problem-solving and to the field of artificial intelligence to translate these insights into working programs. Furthermore, as experience is gained with computer models of cognitive processes and their information processing characteristics are better understood, efficient data structures and algorithms are often developed to implement the same behavior on computers that bear little, if any, resemblance to the original models. The chapter discusses the evolution of some of these models and their implementations in the field of general medical diagnosis. It discusses the evolution of computational techniques in the area of medical diagnosis. The chapter also presents a number of systems with increasing capabilities and complexity with particular emphasis on the interaction between knowledge-representation and reasoning strategies and on how the understanding of the nature of diagnostic expertise has changed over time. It further provides a description of a sequential diagnosis program using Bayesian probability theory.
Breath acetaldehyde: evidence of acetaldehyde production by oropharynx microflora and by lung microsomes.

After alcohol ingestion, acetaldehyde is found in expired air and is thought to originate from blood. However, we found that the ratio of acetaldehyde to ethanol was higher in dead space than in alveolar (end-expiratory) air. This observation suggested production of acetaldehyde in the airways. To study this, we washed the mouth of normal subjects with 10 ml of either saline or 5 mM ethanol. Washings with ethanol produced 5.1 ±1.3 nmol/ml of acetaldehyde per minute (vs none with saline). Saline mouth washings incubated with ethanol produced acetaldehyde. This reaction could be prevented by boiling or by microfiltration of the washings suggesting that it was due to microbial enzymes of the oropharynx. We also studied the possibility of pulmonary production of acetaldehyde. Rat lung slices produced 1.32 ±0.19 mnol of acetaldehyde/g lung (wet weight)/minute; microsomal production of acetaldehyde was also detected and this was enhanced by chronic ethanol feeding.
Area Efficient 4Gb/s Clock Data Recovery Using Improved Phase Interpolator with Error Monitor

The paper presents area efficient 4Gbps clock and data recovery (CDR) by using improved phase interpolator (PI) with error monitor. The proposed CDR architecture has only two sets of phase interpolator while the conventional CDR has eight sets of phase interpolators. Each set of the PI is comprised of eight inverters to get 11.25°. phase interpolation from 0. to 348.75. by using the proposed phase error monitor. The outputs of the phase error monitor are composed of 9 bits sampled from early pulse. The monitor chooses four clock phases among 0., 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315° from an analog voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) by sending 3 bits to the mutiplexer. Then, the other 6 bits determine the interpolation phase of each block by using the inverter switches. Vcont (Charge Pump Output Voltage) is pre-charged to 345mV for fast locking time. The time for frequency locking and phase selection are 23.35ns with pre-charge time (1.1ns). The design is simulated with a 180nm CMOS technology node at 1.8V power supply. The total power consumption of the proposed CDR is 4.35mW.
Digital Correction of Time Interleaved DAC Mismatches

Time Interleaved Digital to Analog Converters (TIDACs) enable high speed DAC operation but suffer from distortion due to mismatches between sub DACs. To mitigate this distortion, we propose a mismatch correction method which pre-processes the DAC input using digital filters. The optimal filter coefficients are computed via a foreground calibration algorithm. We show that the correction method has minimal complexity and is able to significantly reduce mismatch induced distortion.
“We’re Being Released to a Jungle”: The State of Prisoner Reentry and the Resilience of Women of Color:

The punitive carceral system is expected to tame people of color into docile bodies through their imprisonment. Furthermore, the oppressive and punitive U.S. context embodies patriarchy and injusti...
Modeling Human-Structure Interaction Using Control Models When Bobbing on a Flexible Structure

High performance materials has enabled engineers to design civil structures with smaller dead loads than in the past. However, lower dead loads results in a higher live to dead load ratio and the possibility of excessive vibrations due to human loading. This paper extends a controller theory based model to model the human-structure-interaction (HSI) problem. Prior work focused on modeling a standing individual with bent knees using a proportional, integrative and derivative (PID) controller model. This work extends this idea to a person bobbing or performing short movement up and down by bending his or her knees at the frequency provided by a metronome. Prior work considered the input to the human-structure system was a force applied to the structure. This work consider the bit produced by a metronome as the input to the overall human-structure system. The force applied to the structure is modeled as the output of the human, while the structure’s acceleration is fed back into the control human system. Experiments performed at the University of South Carolina using a flexible platform that behaves as a single degree of freedom system are used to test the model. A force plate is installed in the platform to measure the forces exerted by the person on the platform as he or she moves. Model parameters and their corresponding uncertainty are quantified in a probabilistic fashion using Bayesian inference with the force plate forces as well as the acceleration measurements of the structure as observations. The model performance is evaluated by comparing probabilistic predictions with force and acceleration measurements found experimentally.
Subchronic Inhalation Toxicity Study with a Vapor-Grown Carbon Nanofiber in Male and Female Rats (OECD 413): Does Nanofiber Exposure Have Adverse Impacts on the Cardiovascular System?

The objective of this 90-day inhalation toxicity study in male/female rats exposed to vapor-grown carbon nanofibers (CNF) was to assess both the lung toxicity and systemic (cardiovascular) effects following exposures to 0, 0.54, 2.5, or 25 mg/m3. From a respiratory tract standpoint, there was some minor histopathological, cell proliferative, and inflammatory effects at the highest concentration—25 mg/m3. In addition, there was some evidence that aerosol exposures at the highest concentration (25 mg/m3) resulted in a minimal translocation of the inhaled nanofibers from the respiratory tract to systemic extrapulmonary sites in the body. This finding led to the hypothesis that the movement of inhaled fibers into the systemic bloodstream could facilitate a cross-talk relationship between the respiratory tract and cardiovascular effects, thus impacting blood coagulation effects. Accordingly, common cardiovascular/coagulation indices were measured—including cardiomyocyte proliferation parameters; systemic inflammation indices—such as C-reactive protein and four different coagulation parameters: (1) fibrinogen levels; (2) platelet counts; (3) PT; and (4) aPTT bleeding times. The results demonstrated no significant differences were measured between air and high dose, CNF-exposed rats. It was concluded that no apparent cross-talk was demonstrated between local respiratory and systemic/cardiovascular endpoints. Based upon the data generated in this 90-day, subchronic inhalation study, it seems likely that the pulmonary toxicity endpoints of this study would be useful in accurately predicting lung inflammatory outcomes in a shorter-term inhalation study. However, the pulmonary histopathology and cardiovascular endpoints described in this study likely require the subchronic inhalation testing exposure protocol.
Multiferroic LuFeO3 on GaN by molecular-beam epitaxy

Hexagonal LuFeO3 exhibiting ferroelectricity and weak ferromagnetism is grown on metal-polar GaN by molecular-beam epitaxy. The oxide films exhibit smooth surface morphologies and are found to be single crystalline with an epitaxial relationship related by a 30° in-plane rotation relative to the GaN crystal structure. The LuFeO3 layers grown on GaN exhibit room-temperature ferroelectricity and low-temperature magnetic ordering. This epitaxial integration creates a heterostructure platform to explore and exploit the coupling of the ferroelectricity and magnetism of oxides with the strong spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization and the unique electronic and photonic properties of nitride semiconductors.
International management of underwater noise: Transforming conflict into effective action.

Underwater noise and its effects on the environment now sit squarely on the international stage and are being addressed by high-level international bodies, such as the European Union and United Nations. This is in addition to the many governments of coastal nations also working to address concerns under their own national laws and requirements. At the same time, the issue's intractability in reaching solutions continues to grow. Initial concerns in the 1990s over impacts of certain naval sonars on marine mammals have now expanded to a broader range of species, geographies, sound sources, stakeholder groups, and political and regulatory interests. In addition, there are now concerns over impacts to fishery catch rates and, for some, how reduced catch rates may affect available food for people. This paper examines how the international community can work to find solutions to this seemingly intractable problem. It reviews ten major international agreements and identifies “what” major topical areas are ripe for collaboration and then ties these findings to “how” collaborative processes should be designed to reach effective and lasting solutions.
Patient-Reported Outcomes for Large Bipolar Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in Combination with Realignment Osteotomies for the Knee.

Effective treatment for bipolar articular cartilage lesions in the knee remains a clinical challenge. Lower extremity malalignment is a risk factor for treatment failures, which can be addressed by tibial or femoral osteotomy. The purpose of this study was to compare outcomes among patients who underwent knee joint restoration by osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation with concurrent or staged realignment osteotomy. With Institutional Review Board approval, patients undergoing bipolar OCA transplantation with concurrent or staged distal femoral osteotomy (DFO) or high tibial osteotomy (HTO) were analyzed. Patients were categorized by osteotomy type (DFO and HTO) and timing (concurrent and staged). Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), revisions, failures, and complications were examined preoperatively (baseline), 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after OCA transplantation; change scores from preoperative values were used for analysis. A total of 23 patients met inclusion criteria (15 males); 13 (56.5%) received HTO (5 concurrent), while 10 (43.5%) received DFO (5 concurrent). There were no significant differences in complication rates between concurrent and staged osteotomies. Primary bipolar OCA transplantation with osteotomy was associated with successful outcomes in 70% of patients; four patients underwent revision (17.4%) and three (13.0%) failed and were treated by total knee arthroplasty. Further, the four patients undergoing revision met functional criteria for success at final follow-up, resulting in a 2-year functional survival rate of 87.4%. Aside from Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical function, all PROMs for concurrent and staged osteotomies improved from baseline to 2 years postoperatively. Concurrent osteotomies of both types were associated with significantly lower pain scores at 12 months (p = 0.04), compared with staged osteotomies. Apart from Single Assessment Numerical Evaluation (SANE), more PROM improvement was observed for concurrent osteotomies at 2 years. Improvements in PROMs for patients undergoing OCA transplantation combined with osteotomy were observed at 2-year follow-up. PROMs for concurrent osteotomy were consistently greater than staged osteotomy, lending support to addressing lower extremity malalignment with bipolar OCA transplantation in the knee during a single surgery when possible.
Elective induction of labor.

Abstract 1. 1. A series of 600 cases of elective induction of labor by rupture of the membranes is presented. 2. 2. The method of selection of patients depending on gravidity, history, and condition of the cervix is described. 3. 3. Eighteen per cent of the patients were primigravidas. 4. 4. The lag period between rupture of the membranes and onset of labor varied from one minute to twenty-five hours. In 97.5 per cent it was eight hours or less. 5. 5. Duration of labor varied from one-half to thirty-three hours. Ninety-four per cent of the labors lasted twelve hours or less. 6. 6. Ten and six-tenths per cent of the deliveries were operative. 7. 7. There was no maternal mortality and the thirteen fetal deaths can all be classified as nonpreventable. 8. 8. Primigravidas had five times as many long lag periods between rupture of the membranes and onset of labor; ten times as many long labors; and one and one-half times as many operative deliveries as multigravidas.
Antidepressant use and breast cancer risk

3222 Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed drugs in the United States. Laboratory studies suggest that because certain antidepressants increase prolactin levels that they may also increase breast cancer risk. However, human studies evaluating use of antidepressants in relation to breast cancer risk have yielded inconsistent results. Methods: A population-based case-control study consisting of 975 breast cancer cases 65-79 years of age diagnosed from 1997-1999 and 1,007 age and residence-matched controls was conducted in western Washington State. Detailed information on antidepressant use was obtained through a structured in-person interview for each subject. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between antidepressant use and breast cancer risk. Results: Overall, there was no apparent association between ever use of antidepressants and breast cancer risk (odds ratio [OR] =1.2, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.9-1.6). When evaluated separately, tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), and triazolopyridines were also each not associated with breast cancer risk. First-degree family history of breast cancer modified the association between antidepressant use and breast cancer risk (p
Machine Learning Assisted Quantum Photonics

The characterization of single quantum emitters is a time-consuming process. We have demonstrated that machine learning methods can dramatically reduce data collection time( 90%).
Clinical impact of calcified nodules in patients with heavily calcified lesions requiring rotational atherectomy

Coronary atherectomy has been around for many years, and the body of evidence for its use in complex calcified lesions has grown. Calcific coronary disease presents a particularly challenging clinical scenario in PCI, having poorer outcomes than noncalcified lesions. This study is the first to identify calcified nodules as an independent predictor of worse outcomes after atherectomy and PCI. Continued study of lesion characteristics will improve our understanding of PCI outcomes and help manage patients in the long-term after PCI and stenting.
X-Ray Apparatus

The sections in this article are 1 Bremsstrahlung and Characteristic Radiation 2 X-Ray Tubes 3 X-Ray Generators 4 Apparatus for Projection Radiography 5 Signal-To-Noise Ratio Analysis of Radiological Imaging
Masculinity, Work, and the Industrial Forest in the United States Pacific Northwest

Breadwinner masculine norms are one of the hardest challenges environmentalists face in attempting to build alliances with working-class communities as they fight resource despoliation and climate change. And yet, such masculinities are created through decades of interactions with employers, societal norms, and the forest itself, creating specific cultural norms around manhood and production that have come to face challenges not only from environmentalists, but from neoliberal economics and deindustrialisation that have transformed working-class lives and left them with no answers to their desire to work in nature. This essay examines one case study—the creation of radical masculinity among loggers affiliated with the Industrial Workers of the World in the early 20th century United States Pacific Northwest—as a way to understand the contested process behind the creation of breadwinner masculinity and how worker power can guide this as a tool against capitalism and for a more ecological model of masculinity. Lost histories such as this are critical as we face working-class rage around the world increasingly hijacked by right-wing forces that are inherently anti-ecological.
High-resolution combined building stock and building energy modeling to evaluate whole-life carbon emissions and saving potentials at the building and urban scale

Abstract As global and local actors seek to address climate concerns, municipalities, regions, and countries are developing policies for the built environment to reach carbon neutrality. In most cases, however, current policies target new construction and operational carbon emissions only, thus omitting the significant carbon emission saving potential resulting from the reactivation of embodied carbon in existing buildings. This article describes the development of a high-resolution combined building stock model (BSM) and building energy model (BEM) on both building and urban scale using all residential buildings of Ithaca, NY, USA as a case study. The model offers a holistic, detailed and local perspective on operational and embodied carbon emissions, associated saving potentials at both the building and urban scale, and the linkages, trade-offs and synergies between buildings and energy use as a basis for decision-making. A circular economy (CE) in construction posited on the reuse and recycling of existing building materials, necessitates a detailed material inventory of the current building stock. However, the scale and nature of this endeavor preclude traditional survey methods. The modeling process described in this article instead engages a bottom-up data aggregation and analysis approach that combines detailed construction archetypes (CAs) and publicly available, higher-level municipal geospatial data with building metadata defining occupancy and systems to create an autogenerated, detailed 3D geometry. The resulting BSM and BEM can simulate both embodied carbon content and operational carbon emissions of individual buildings within a municipal study with minimal required input data and a feasible computational effort. This provides modelers with a new spatial and geometric fidelity to simulate holistic renewal efforts, and inform carbon neutrality policies and incentives towards the decarbonization of the built environment.