cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Feeding by larvae of Hypoatherina tropicalis (Pisces: Atherinidae) and its relation to prey availability in One Tree Lagoon, Great Barrier Reef, Australia

Feeding of and food availability for larvae of Hypoatherina tropicalis were investigated in One Tree Lagoon, Great Barrier Reef, Australia, during November 1981 and January 1982. These surface-dwelling larvae and their microzooplankton prey were sampled as near to simultaneously as possible on 12 occasions during the daytime. Larvae of all sizes (5–17 mm SL) fed successfully over the observed range of mean prey densities (12–235 per liter), and the overall feeding incidence was 98.9%. Larger larvae consumed greater numbers and more categories of prey than did smaller larvae. Larvae selected copepods of all sizes, and nauplii, gastropods, bivalves, and foraminiferans that were greater than 75 ¢s mm in width. Tintinnids (mostly 37–74 µm in width) were generally avoided by larvae, but were occasionally important in the diets when they constituted more than 60% of the total available prey, regardless of the density of the selected prey categories. Larvae less than 14 mm SL ingested meroplankton (gastropods, bivalves, foraminiferans, and polychaetes) in direct relation to the densities available, and without regard to the densities of copepods available. However, the largest larvae (14–17 mm SL) ingested meroplankton in inverse relation to the density of copepods available, indicating that larvae consumed more meroplankton when the concentration of copepods was low. Such flexibility and opportunism in feeding behavior may increase the larvae's chances of obtaining adequate nutrition during periods of suboptimal feeding conditions.
Mounting large optics for space instruments

Space based optical instruments are evolving toward large apertures and requiring high sensitivity at longer wavelengths. Instruments that collect light at wavelengths longer than about 15 microns often use Potassium Bromide (KBr) as part of the optical system. Since KBr has rather poor mechanical properties, many engineers have been hesitant to design instruments with KBr optics larger than a few centimeters. This problem is made more difficult by the fact that sensors in these longer wavelengths are often operated at cryogenic temperatures to minimize self- emission. The overall objective of this effort was to examine methods of mounting KBr optics to improve their vibrational, optical, and thermal characteristics. A legacy KBr mount is examined and revised to increase its robustness and scalability. Using finite element models and dynamic testing, the limits of the current design was explored. An alternative design using a bonded support was investigated. A new thermally engineered composite material (TECMat) was developed that appears to match the thermal expansion of KBr over a wide temperature range. TECMat's general properties and possible methods of implementing it in optical mount are described.
Effect of a viscoelastic interphase on the creep and stress/strain behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites

The influence of a viscoelastic interphase on the overall creep compliances and stress/strain relationships of fiber-reinforced polymer-matrix composites under a constant stress and a constant strain-rate loading are examined. The fibers are taken to be elastic but the matrix is also viscoelastic. Evaluation of the overall property is based upon the composite cylinder assemblage and the generalized self-consistent scheme. It is found that, except for the axial tensile behavior, which is fiber-dominated, the creep and stress/strain responses under transverse tension, transverse shear, axial shear, and plane-strain biaxial tension, are all significantly influenced by the interphase. A detailed examination of these effects in the light of the interphase property and volume concentration is carried out, and the results reveal that, when the interphase is viscoelastically softer than the matrix, its presence will cause a very pronounced influence on the creep strength and load-carrying capacity of the three-phase system.
An N-terminally truncated third progesterone receptor protein, PRC, forms heterodimers with PRB but interferes in PRB-DNA binding

Abstract Multiple progesterone receptor (PR) isoforms may explain in part the complex and diverse biological actions of progestins. Recent studies demonstrate that the human 116 kDa B-receptor (PR B ) and the 94 kDa A-receptor (PR A ) can have very different transcriptional functions that are cell- and promoter-specific. Additionally, we have shown the existence of a smaller N-terminally truncated 60 kDa progestin-specific binding protein, called the C-receptor (PR C ), that has unique transcriptional potentiating properties. In the presence of the other two PR isoforms, PR C enhances the transcriptional activities of the larger PR proteins. In order to determine the mechanism of action for the transcriptional promoting abilities of PR C , the structural and functional properties of PR C were analysed and compared to those of PR A and PR B . PR C consistently displayed a dissociation constant (K d ) ∼5 times higher than that for PR B and PR A , suggesting that the N-terminal truncation of PR C results in a conformation different from the two larger PR isoforms, that affects the hormone-binding region and its interaction with hormone. Despite this change, PR C is still capable of forming heterodimers with the larger PR B in solution, as determined by co-immunoprecipitation studies, but PR C interferes in tight PR B binding to DNA in gel-shift assays. Surprisingly, progestin and anti-progestin autoregulation of PR C protein levels parallel those for PR B and PR A .
Fractionally quantized Hall effect in two-dimensional systems of extreme electron concentration

We report magnetotransport measurements, down to 0.050 K and up to 20 T, in two-dimensional systems with dilute and dense electron densities. The emphasis is on the latter regime, where the Hall resistance shows quantization for level filling factors at $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{4}{3} \mathrm{and} \frac{5}{3}$, and the magnetoresistance presents well-defined structures at $\ensuremath{\nu}=\frac{7}{3} \mathrm{and} \frac{8}{3}$. These results indicate that the fractional quantum Hall effect is a general phenomenon not restricted to the lowest-orbital Landau level.
Consumer Comprehension of Information on Over-the-Counter Medication Labels: Effects of Picture Superiority and Individual Differences Based on Age

Labels containing information from existing over-the-counter (OTC) products were simulated to investigate how pictures can be used effectively to communicate information. Two controlled factors, ag...
Assessing the stimulant effects of alcohol in humans

The stimulant effects of alcohol were assessed in humans. Twenty social drinkers were tested in dyads in the laboratory on three separate occasions, held 7 days apart. For their first session, one-third of the group consumed a dose of alcohol that was calculated to reach a target peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.05 g/dl, one-third of the group consumed placebo-alcohol, and one-third consumed diet Sprite. For alcohol and placebo-alcohol conditions, subjects were told that they may or may not be given alcohol. For the soda condition, subjects were told they were consuming soda. Subjective stimulation, activity levels, and speech production were assessed over a 15-min period after beverage consumption (posttreatment) and compared to measurements taken prior to beverage consumption (baseline). Scores on the stimulant subscale of the Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale (BAES) were significantly greater for the alcohol condition relative to the soda condition. There was also a trend for stimulant scores to be greater for the alcohol condition relative to the placebo-alcohol condition. Activity levels were significantly greater for the alcohol condition compared to either the placebo-alcohol or soda conditions. There were no group differences found for speech production. Subjective stimulant score and activity levels were not correlated. Peak BAC obtained in subjects who consumed alcohol was not correlated with either subjective stimulant scores or activity levels. Activity levels may provide a useful behavioral assay for assessing the stimulant effects of alcohol in humans.
Post-Irradiation Annealing of Small Defect Clusters

Post-irradiation annealing studies indicate small defect clusters may be a potential contributor to IASCC. In this study, small defect clusters and their behavior during annealing are examined. A CP-304 SS alloy was irradiated with 3.2 MeV protons to 0.17 dpa at <75°C. The increase in hardness after 0.17 dpa at <75°C was greater than that after 0.55 dpa at 360°C, but dropped significantly after annealing at 350°C for short times, although, no dislocation damage was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). For samples irradiated in a previous study at 360°C, the smallest dislocation loops and clusters were removed preferentially during annealing at 500°C for 45 minutes. Computer simulations of the annealing behavior were performed for the data from both sets of experiments in order to gain further insight into the nature of small clusters.
PL16 Relationship between Hydrogen Sulfide and Nitric Oxide Bioavailability: Insight from clinical and experimental models

Recent studies indicate that hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide metabolites may interact biochemically or by targeting similar molecular pathways. However, the relationship between hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide bioavailability remains poorly understood, as well as possible biological effects of combined H 2 S/NO treatment. A prospective clinical observational study was performed to examine NO and H 2 S bioavailability in patients without vascular disease or those with coronary or peripheral artery disease. Clinical diagnosis of vascular disease status was confirmed by angiography and ankle-brachial index measurements. Indicators of inflammatory activity including sICAM, TSP-1 and IL-6 were also measured. Patients with any form of vascular disease had significantly higher levels of plasma free H 2 S levels compared to patients without vascular disease. Interestingly, patients with PAD alone had greater levels of plasma free H 2 S compared to subjects with CAD alone or CAD plus PAD. Total plasma NO levels were significantly reduced in patients with PAD alone compared to subjects with other vascular disease classifications. Importantly, the ratio of plasma free H 2 S to total NO were significantly higher than patients with CAD or CAD & PAD. Lastly, plasma free H 2 S levels were not significantly associated with plasma inflammatory marker bioavailability. Separate experimental studies were performed to determine the effects of combined H 2 S/NO based therapeutics using the murine unilateral hind limb ischemia model. Treatment with lower concentrations of DATS plus nitrite (H 2 S and NO prodrugs) augmented ischemic limb blood flow defining the effects of combined therapy. Together, these data indicate that the relationship between H 2 S and NO bioavailability is complex in different vascular disease states and that combined H 2 S/NO interventions may be useful under certain conditions.
High-temperature fiber-optic Fabry–Perot interferometric pressure sensor fabricated by femtosecond laser

In this Letter, we report on a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometric pressure sensor with its external diaphragm surface thinned and roughened by a femtosecond laser. The laser-roughened surface helps to eliminate outer reflections from the external diaphragm surface and makes the sensor immune to variations in the ambient refractive index. The sensor is demonstrated to measure pressure in a high-temperature environment with low-temperature dependence.
Thermal behavior of poly(ether ketone ketone)/thermoplastic polyimide blends

The phase behavior and crystallization of poly(ether ketone ketone)/polyimide blends was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, and chemical interactions in the blends were probed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Amorphous blends were miscible over the entire range of composition, although mixing was most favorable at higher thermoplastic polyimide concentrations. Blending suppressed crystallization, especially of the minor component, but crystallization of both components, however, did occur in most of the blends. While blends quenched from the melt exhibited only a single amorphous phase, melt crystallized blends appeared to possess two amorphous phases with different compositions. Shifts in the vibration frequencies of the carbonyl and imide bonds were inconsistent with the development of strong, specific intermolecular interactions, but may be explained by a disruption of the packing of the two homopolymers by nature of the mixing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1227–1235, 2004
Non-symmetric 2-designs modulo 2

Necessary conditions are obtained for the existence of a 2 − (v, k, λ) design, for which the block intersection sizess1,s2, ...,sn satisfys1 ≡s2 ≡ ... ≡sn ≡s (mod 2e), wheree is odd. These conditions are obtained by combining restrictions on the Smith Normal Form of the incidence matrix of the design with some well known properties of self-orthogonal binary codes with all weights divisible by 4.
Stratigraphy and structure of the Saddlebag Lake roof pendant, Sierra Nevada, California

Geologic mapping of the southern part of the Saddlebag Lake roof pendant, east-central Sierra Nevada, California, reveals three rock sequences that have been multiply deformed. The oldest sequence consists of the metamorphosed equivalents of marine sedimentary rocks of Silurian(?)-Ordovician(?) age. Metamorphosed volcanic and volcaniclastic rocks and basal conglomerate (possibly in part continental) of Permian age unconformably overlie the older sequence. Another metavolcanic and metasedimentary sequence of unknown age, here designated Permian(?)-Triassic(?), and of uncertain boundary relationships with the two older sequences crops out in the southern part of the pendant. Field observations of minor structures and structural analysis indicate that rocks of the Silurian(?)-Ordovician(?) sequence have undergone three episodes of deformation, whereas the Permian and Permian(?)-Triassic(?) rocks have been affected by only the later two deformations. Axial surfaces of folds formed during the first deformation had an original strike of approximately north but have been largely reoriented by later folding. Structures attributed to the first deformation occur only in the Silurian(?)-Ordovician(?) sequence. Axial surfaces of folds formed during the second deformation strike N21°W and are the first-formed folds in the Permian and Permian(?)-Triassic(?) sequences. All rock sequences were subsequently refolded around axial surfaces striking N61°W. Superimposition relationships and trends of fold systems in the Saddlebag Lake roof pendant are comparable with those in other roof pendants of the central Sierra Nevada. This suggests that the deformations were episodic and regional in scale. Ultimate tectonic causes for each deformation may have been different.
Effect of Noble Gases on an Atmospheric Greenhouse (Titan)

Several models for the atmosphere of Titan have been investigated, taking into account various combinations of neon and argon. The investigation shows that the addition of large amounts of Ne and/or Ar will substantially reduce the hydrogen abundance required for a given greenhouse effect. The fact that a large amount of neon should be present if the atmosphere is a relic of the solar nebula is an especially attractive feature of the models, because it is hard to justify appropriate abundances of other enhancing agents.
Treatment of photodamaged facial skin with topical tretinoin

A 6-month, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study was conducted with 0.05% tretinoin cream once daily in the treatment of photodamaged facial skin. Significant amelioration of many of the signs of photodamage were achieved with minimal side effects. Clinical grading showed significant improvement both in the assessments based on changes in clinical scores and in pre- and posttreatment comparisons of standardized photographs. Fine wrinkling, coarse wrinkling, sallowness, looseness, and hyperpigmentation were significantly improved with tretinoin therapy. Furthermore, a self-appraisal questionnaire indicated that tretinoin-treated patients, but not vehicle-treated patients, were able to perceive improvement in their facial appearance. An objective method based on digital image processing of silicone rubber casts obtained from the crow's-feet area also indicated that the skin surface topography was smoother and less wrinkled in the tretinoin-treated group compared with the vehicle-control group.
Abstract 1266: Racial differences in the association of cruciferous vegetable intake with breast cancer hormone receptor status and tumor subtype

Background: Dietary isothiocyanates (ITCs) are chemopreventive phytochemicals from cruciferous vegetables (CV). ITCs down-regulate estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) in breast cancer cells, and inhibit development of breast cancer in animal models. CV intake was found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk. However, the association of CV intake with breast cancer subtype is unknown. Further, racial differences exist in dietary habits and polymorphic genes in ITC-metabolizing pathway. In a prospective cohort, we examined the association of prior CV intake with breast cancer hormone receptor status and subtype by race. Methods: Among 2908 breast cancer patients diagnosed 2005-2013 at Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), data on CV intake in the past 6 months were obtained from a validated food frequency questionnaire as part of a comprehensive baseline interview about two months post-diagnosis. Breast cancer characteristics came from the KPNC Cancer Registry. CV intake and its association with hormone receptor status (ER+/-, PR+/-, and HER2+/-) and subtype (luminal A/luminal B/triple negative/HER2-overexpressing) were examined among Whites, African Americans (AA), Asians, and Hispanics. Logistic regression was used adjusting for age at diagnosis, race, menopausal status, parity, energy intake, and dietary fiber from vegetables. Results: CV intake (grams/day) differed across racial groups (p Discussion: The association of CV intake with breast cancer characteristics varied by race and by individual CV. The differences may be attributable to diverse genetic background among racial groups, and specific ITCs in individual CVs. Funded by K07 CA148888 and R01 CA105274 Citation Format: Li Tang, Marilyn L. Kwan, Song Yao, Janise M. Roh, Cecile A. Laurent, Dawn L. Hershman, Schicha Kumar, Gregory E. Wilding, Christine B. Ambrosone, Lawrence H. Kushi. Racial differences in the association of cruciferous vegetable intake with breast cancer hormone receptor status and tumor subtype. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1266. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1266
A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial on the Efficacy of Ethanol Celiac Plexus Neurolysis in Patients with Operable Pancreatic and Periampullary Adenocarcinoma

Background Ethanol celiac plexus neurolysis (ECPN) has been shown to be effective in reducing cancer-related pain in patients with locally advanced pancreatic and periampullary adenocarcinoma (PPA). This study examined its efficacy in patients undergoing PPA resection. Study Design There were 485 patients who participated in this prospective, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled trial. Patients were stratified by preoperative pain and disease resectability. They received either ECPN (50% ethanol) or 0.9% normal saline placebo control. The primary endpoint was short- and long-term pain and secondary endpoints included postoperative morbidity, quality of life, and overall survival. Results Data from 467 patients were analyzed. The primary endpoint, the percentage of PPA patients experiencing a worsening of pain compared with preoperative baseline for resectable patients, was not different between the ethanol and saline groups in either the resectable/pain stratum (22% vs 18%, relative risk [RR] 1.23 [0.34, 4.46]), or the resectable/no pain stratum (37% vs 34%, RR 1.10 [0.67, 1.81]). In multivariable analysis of resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients, there was a significant reduction in pain in the resectable/pain group, suggesting that surgical resection of the malignancy alone (independent of ECPN) decreases pain to a significant degree. Conclusions In this study, we demonstrated a significant reduction in pain after surgical resection of PPA. However, the addition of ECPN did not synergize to result in a further reduction in pain, and in fact, its effect may have been masked by surgical resection. Given this, we cannot recommend the use of ECPN to mitigate cancer-related pain in resectable PPA patients.
Bicritical and tetracritical points in anisotropic antiferromagnetic systems

Renormalization-group techniques developed to analyze bicritical and tetracritical points, specifically in $n$-component antiferromagnetic systems, are presented in detail. The treatment yields a scaling description of the critical behavior of anisotropic antiferromagnets in both parallel and skew, uniform and staggered magnetic fields, in particular, the bicritical, spin-flop transition is discussed. For $n\ensuremath{\le}3$ it is described by a stable, isotropic, Heisenberg-like fixed point. However for $n\ensuremath{\ge}4$ a new biconical fixed point, with irrational $\ensuremath{\epsilon}$-expansion coefficients, becomes stable and describes tetracritical behavior. Special attention is given to the singular shape of the ($T,H$) phase boundaries for both isotropic and anisotropic antiferromagnets.
Mechanisms of chemically induced skin irritation. I. Studies of time course, dose response, and components of inflammation in the laboratory mouse.

The possibility that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms was studied in laboratory mice. The time course and dose response to topical application of phenol, croton oil, benzalkonium chloride, ethyl phenylpropiolate (EPP), and methyl salicylate were compared. The responses to each chemical were measured as changes in ear thickness following application to one ear. Maximal responses were as follows: methyl salicylate 20 min, phenol 1 hr, croton oil and benzalkonium chloride 6 hr, and EPP 8 hr. The response to EPP included an early, smaller response at 1 hr. Time courses of the responses were not altered by changing the vehicle in which the irritants were applied or by altering the dose. The rates of regression of the inflammatory responses also varied. Although visibly normal, thickness of ears treated with either phenol or benzalkonium chloride remained 0.05 to 1 mm thicker than solvent-treated control ears for 6 weeks. Although the incidence of prolonged thickness was dose related, it was not determined by the intensity of the acute response; doses of other irritants which produced equivalent acute increases in ear thickness did not produce similar changes. The components of the acute responses, i.e., vascular permeability, change in blood flow, and cellular infiltration, to 5 mg methyl salicylate, 2 mg EPP, and 0.05 mg croton oil were compared in studies of tissue histology, changes in vascular permeability by trypan blue and 125I-labeled bovine serum albumin, and change in local surface temperature as an index of blood flow. The histology of the reactions at the time of maximum response to the chemicals differed. Multiple periods of increased permeability and increased surface temperature were produced by the irritants. The permeability and blood flow responses produced by the irritants varied in number, time of occurrence relative to time of application and to time of maximum response, and in magnitude of the changes. Differences in time courses of the responses which were not altered by experimentally varying rate of absorption and in components of the inflammatory response to the three irritants suggest that chemicals induce skin irritation by multiple mechanisms.
Development of a bead-based multiplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of multiple Mycoplasma species

We describe the development and analytical validation of a 7-plex polymerase chain reaction assay coupled to a bead-based liquid suspension array for detection of multiple ruminant Mycoplasma spp. The assay employs a combination of newly designed and previously validated primer-probe sets that target genetic loci specific for Mycoplasma bovis, Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (MmmSC) and Mycoplasma capricolum subspecies capripneumoniae (Mccp). Analytical sensitivity for the targeted Mycoplasma species ranged from 10 fg to 1 pg of purified gDNA extracted from broth cultures (approximately 8-800 MmmSC genome equivalents). In silico comparison of primers and probes, and analytical assessment with a range of near-neighbor Mycoplasma species and multiple bacterial respiratory pathogens demonstrated 100% analytical specificity of the assay. To assess assay performance and diagnostic specificity, 192 bovine respiratory samples were analyzed by incorporating a high throughput DNA extraction platform. The assay correctly classified all samples as negative for MmmSC or Mccp. All 33 field samples confirmed as positive for M. bovis by sequencing the uvrC gene were positive in the assay. The results from this study indicate that the bead-based liquid suspension array will provide a reliable, analytically sensitive and specific platform to simultaneously interrogate ruminant respiratory samples for multiple Mycoplasma species, including M. mycoides cluster organisms that are exotic to the United States. Sequential addition of primer-probe sets to the assay did not significantly impact analytical sensitivity of individual primer-probe combinations, suggesting that expanding the assay to include more Mycoplasma species will not compromise overall performance.
The Implications for Inmate Rights of the Voluntary Provision of Religious Services

Throughout U.S. history, volunteers have had a persistent role in supporting the religious rights of prison inmates. In some states today, the only religious services available to inmates are provided by volunteers. The presence of volunteers inside prisons may potentially provide personal support to individuals in arguable need of ethical rehabilitation. However, because the provision of services is heavily reliant on the motivation of volunteers, the religious needs of inmates may not be met. The situation is compounded by America’s increasing cultural diversity. To understand the magnitude of the trend toward voluntarism and its implications for the religious rights of inmates, this article presents a framework for understanding the constitutional issues involved in using religious services volunteers and a description of the process whereby states have adapted to volunteer-driven programs. It concludes by offering secondary analysis of national data about some implications of volunteer use in religiou...
Nonlinear response of a beam under stationary random excitation by improved stochastic linearization method

Abstract The new stochastic linearization technique is employed to investigate the nonlinear mean square response of a beam with artitrary boundary conditions under time-dependent stationary random excitation. To demonstrate the accuracy of this new method, mean square response is obtained through both the new and conventional versions of the stochastic linearization technique. An example of a beam with both ends simply supported is presented for the case of white noise excitation to illustrate the present method. Numerical simulations are performed to check the accuracy of the modified technique. It is shown that the modified version can yield more accurate results for the mean square response of the beam than the conventional stochastic linearization technique, especially when there exists a large nonlinearity.
Further mechanistic detail on the fluxional behavior of (η1-cyclopentadienyl)iron complexes

Abstract NMR studies on several complexes of type (η 5 -C 5 H 5 )Fe(CO)L(η 1 -C 5 H 4 R) indicate that the fluxional process in these molecules involves a suprafacial migration with retention of configuration of the migrating group.
The Devil's in the Details: A Response to Seedhouse

ded by Editor Sally Magnan to continue this discussion on repair and correction with a short reply to Seedhouse (this issue). Given the increased interest in conversation analysis (CA) among applied linguists and, in particular, among scholars with interests in language learning, having a public forum to address such important topics is most welcome. I certainly appreciate Seedhouse's position on these issues. However, his comments display a misreading not just of my argument, but, more generally, of the literature on the nature of CA and on repair as a fundamental organization of interaction. Space and time constraints prohibit a complete redressing of his argument, so I will direct my comments to three issues whose particulars appear to have generated the most confusion. I hope that our collective work, taken together, will contribute to a better understanding of CA and the perspective it brings to the study of classroom interaction and language learning. The first issue is with the research purpose and methodological interests of CA. Seedhouse is right to point to the ethnomethodological nature of CA, but his characterization of "ethnomethodological CA" and "linguistic CA" confuses, rather than clarifies, the kinds of work that ethnomethodology (EM) and CA do. As domains of sociology, EM and CA share theoretical perspectives on the nature and source of social order that are radically empirical, grounded in realworld activity. Their analytic and methodological interests, however, have followed different trajectories. EM's concern has principally been with uncovering the diverse common-sense reasoning paths taken by members of social worlds in making sense of these worlds, with particular interest paid to those paths found in various work settings.' Common research methods for collecting data to uncover these understandings include the breaching experiment, in which accepted social norms are intentionally broken so that people's reactions to the breaches can be examined to elucidate their
Identities in search of identity

Abstract The time is ripe to start a science of identities for their own sake, without paying lip-service to high-brow mathematics. Although putting combinatorial, (abstract-)algebraic or analytic flesh and blood on identities did lead and will lead to considerable insight as well as new identities, there is also much to be gained in forgetting advanced mathematics, and starting a new sub-discipline of high-school mathematics called the theory of identities. Preamble. I would like to add to Xavier Viennot's charming after-dinner speech, in which he listed a large set of properties that conferences may have, and which were all enjoyed by the present one, in addition to ”something special that comes from the heart“, the following. There are many conferences in which a Bourbaki is an invited speaker, and many conferences in which a software developer is an invited speaker, but this one is the first one, that I know of, that has both (Pierre Cartier and Gaston Gonnet, respectively.) So we are nearing the blissful days of the mathematical messiah in which Concrete shall dwell with Abstract.
Photodynamic therapy for residual neoplasms of the perianal skin.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the management of residual neoplasms of the perianal skin. METHODS: This is a retro-spective review. Five patients with pathologic confirmation of residual perianal neoplasms were treated with photodynamic therapy. There were three females. The mean age was 52 (range, 33–79) years. Pathology consisted of Bowen's disease in two patients, squamous-cell carcinoma in two patients, and extramammary Paget's disease in one patient. Four patients received one photodynamic therapy treatment and one patient received two treatments three months apart. RESULTS: Treatment was followed by immediate perianal erythema, subsequent blister formation in 36 to 48 hours, and sloughing of the treated area in 72 hours. With a mean follow-up of 5.2 (range, 1–8) years, there were two recurrences. One recurrence was in a patient four years after treatment for Paget's disease, and the other was in a patient nine months after treatment for Bowen's disease. The latter was managed successfully with wide local excision. Treatment-related toxicities included significant perianal pain in four patients, controlled with analgesia management. CONCLUSIONS: Photodynamic therapy can successfully be used after wide local excision for residual neoplasms of the perianal skin. Treatment can be rendered with acceptable morbidity.
Interrupted Aortic Arch Operation in the First Week of Life: Hemodynamic and Angiographic Evaluation One Year Later

Operation for interrupted aortic arch (IAA) was successful in 2 infants during the first week of life. Both had postoperative hemodynamic and angiographic evaluation at one year of age. The first infant had a type A IAA, and prostaglandins were infused to prevent ductal closure prior to the insertion of a graft between the two ends of the interrupted aorta. The second infant had a palliative operation for type B IAA (pulmonary artery banding and graft from main pulmonary artery to descending aorta). These patients represent the ninth and tenth successful operations for IAA in this age group and are reported with long-term reevaluation.
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometric and Ethylenediaminetetraacetate-Titration Methods for Calcium and Magnesium Determinations,

Abstract Ethylenediaminetetraacetate-titration and atomic absorption spectrophotometric methods were compared for determining Ca and Mg in solutions of known concentration and in subtropical forages. Concentrations of Ca and Mg in known solutions ranged from 0.68 to 13.59 ppm and 0.06 and 1.18 ppm, respectively. At this low level of concentration, the EDTA-titration method was not reliable for determining Mg. A high correlation was found for both the EDTA-titration and the atomic absorption methods for determining Ca and Mg in solutions of known concentration. Concentrations of Ca and Mg determined by atomic absorption varied less from known concentrations than were found with EDTA-titration method at concentrations used in the test solutions. The subtropical forage samples analyzed contained from 0.17 to 0.52% Ca and 0.11 to 0.31% Mg, respectively, on an oven-dried weight basis. Slightly, but not significantly, higher results for Ca and Mg were obtained by EDTA-titration than for those obtained by atomic absorption. Results obtained by the atomic absorption method agreed with known values of Ca and Mg, and the rapid and accurate analyses made possible by this method were important factors in its favor over the EDTA-titration for routine analyses.
Measuring youth connections: A component of relational permanence for foster youth

Abstract This article presents the development and preliminary validation of the Youth Connections Scale, a measure of youth connectedness as a component of relational permanence for youth in out-of-home placement. The instrument measures different domains of youth's connectedness, including the number and strength of connections to caring adults and the types of support perceived by youth. Results of a pilot validation study of the instrument, with a sample of 53 adolescents in out-of-home care, indicate good concurrent validity and high test–retest reliability. Child welfare and youth-serving agencies can use this instrument in their efforts to strengthen and measure the connectedness and relational permanence of youth.
Effect of Wave-Length on the Distribution of Carbon-14 in the Early Products of Photosynthesis

Effect of Wave-Length on the Distribution of Carbon-14 in the Early Products of Photosynthesis
Production efficiency of Feshbach molecules in fermion systems

Abstract We present a consistent nonequilibrium theory for the production of molecular dimers from a two-component quantum-degenerate atomic Fermi gas, via a linear downward sweep of a magnetic field across a Feshbach resonance. This problem raises interest because it is presently unclear as to why deviations from the universal Landau–Zener formula for the transition probability at two-level crossing are observed in the experimentally measured production efficiencies. We show that the molecular conversion efficiency is represented by a power series in terms of a dimensionless parameter which, in the zero-temperature limit, depends solely on the initial gas density and the Landau–Zener parameter. Our result reveals a hindrance of the canonical Landau–Zener transition probability due to many-body effects, and presents an explanation for the experimentally observed deviations [K.E. Strecker, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 91 (2003) 080406].
Positive effects of damselfish override negative effects of urchins to prevent an algal habitat switch

Summary 1 Understanding the factors that influence habitat persistence is a central theme in ecology, particularly for habitats created by terrestrial and aquatic primary producers that are some of the world's most extensive and ecologically important. 2 Many species have positive (e.g. farming) or negative effects (e.g. herbivory) on the abundance of primary producers, potentially causing wholesale switches in habitat structure if the net outcome of effects moves toward one extreme (e.g. over-grazing). Predicting the conditions under which such switches occur remains a key challenge for ecologists. 3 The purpose of this study was to understand how co-habiting species of opposing effect (damselfish as habitat facilitators vs. sea urchins as habitat consumers) can directly and indirectly influence the persistence of algal habitats on a tropical coast, including their potential to initiate switches among habitat types (productive ‘turfs’ of filamentous algae vs. ‘barrens’ of encrusting algae). 4 Using a series of five independent experiments, we observed that damselfish facilitated the production of algal turfs both directly, through active farming of selected species, and indirectly, by vigorously attacking and expelling invading urchins from the local area (i.e. preventing herbivory). In contrast, urchins consumed algal turf to directly maintain barrens. 5 The negative effects of urchins on algal turf were strong enough to initiate a habitat switch from turf to barrens, but this was conditional upon the absence of damselfish and the presence of a particular species of urchin. 6 Synthesis. These results build upon our understanding of the dynamics of habitat persistence by demonstrating the conditions where biological interactions of opposing direction (positive vs. negative) maintain or switch habitat types. Such knowledge is central to addressing global concerns about habitat loss and predicting the occurrence of switches to less-productive states.
Age-related effects on word recognition: reliance on cognitive control systems with structural declines in speech-responsive cortex.

Speech recognition can be difficult and effortful for older adults, even for those with normal hearing. Declining frontal lobe cognitive control has been hypothesized to cause age-related speech recognition problems. This study examined age-related changes in frontal lobe function for 15 clinically normal hearing adults (21–75 years) when they performed a word recognition task that was made challenging by decreasing word intelligibility. Although there were no age-related changes in word recognition, there were age-related changes in the degree of activity within left middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and anterior cingulate (ACC) regions during word recognition. Older adults engaged left MFG and ACC regions when words were most intelligible compared to younger adults who engaged these regions when words were least intelligible. Declining gray matter volume within temporal lobe regions responsive to word intelligibility significantly predicted left MFG activity, even after controlling for total gray matter volume, suggesting that declining structural integrity of brain regions responsive to speech leads to the recruitment of frontal regions when words are easily understood.
Ground-Water Resource Management in Nebraska

In order to regulate the use of ground water, State agencies and local government, together with local public participation, have developed a management policy which is now being implemented in Nebraska. A water-resource agency, a geological survey, and a local, multi-county governmental unit are combined with several other governmental units to investigate water problems and guide a variety of vested interests toward a common goal of efficient water-resource management. The key government document delegating the authority and guiding the agencies is the Nebraska Ground Water Management Act of 1975. This Act specifies a procedure whereby local residents concerned about misuse and depletion of their ground-water supplies can request that official hearings be held, water-supply evaluations be made, and consideration be given by the Nebraska Department of Water Resources to establish what is called a “control area.” Designation of a control area allows development and enforcement of methods to deal with the water-resource problem within that area. The management alternatives provided for by this Act include well spacing, rotation of pumping, allocation of water, and moratoriums on drilling. The Act does not, however, address conjunctive use of surface water and ground water, guidelines for management policies, and rights to artificially stored ground water.
Transmission of a procoagulant signal from tissue factor-bearing cells to platelets

The goal of the current study was to examine the mechanism by which factor VIIa/tissue factor (TF) activity leads to platelet activation as the first step in initiation of coagulation. Adherent, endotoxin-treated monocytes were used as a cellular source of TF. The processes that led to platelet activation were rapid, since incubation of coagulation factors and platelets with TF for as little as 15 s initiated platelet activation. Further, direct contact between the TF source and platelets was not required since incubation of plasma levels of coagulation zymogens and inhibitors with TF generated the initiating signal for platelet activation. We hypothesized that thrombin generation on the cells that contained TF was the initiating signal for platelet activation. To test this hypothesis, factor VIIa, inhibitors, and different combinations of coagulation zymogens were incubated with TF-bearing cells. The supernatants were then transferred to a suspension of unactivated platelets with plasma concentrations of zymogen factors and inhibitors. Platelet activation was much more efficient when all the elements of the IIase complex (factors II, V and X) were preincubated with factor VIIa/TF than when only factor X was incubated with factor VIIa/TF. Finally, TF was incorporated into lipid vesicles containing phosphatidyl choline either with or without phosphatidyl serine. Vesicles without phosphatidyl serine have no IIase activity. Platelets were incubated with TF, coagulation zymogens and inhibitors. Platelet activation only occurred when the lipid vesicles could support IIase activity. We conclude that sufficient thrombin generation occurs on the TF-bearing cell (or TF-bearing vesicle) in the absence of platelets, to provide the procoagulant signal that leads to platelet activation. The activated platelet surface then provides sites for TF-activated factor IXa to recruit factor Xa to bind and assemble into functional Xase and IIase complexes.
State of the Art in Pump Lasers

We present the recent progress in performance and reliability of 980 nm and 14xx nm wavelength pump lasers for applications in Er-doped fiber and Raman amplification.
Evolutionary stability of mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths

INTERSPECIFIC mutualisms inherently possess a conflict of interests between the interacting species in that fitness increases of one species occur at the expense of the other. This holds for mutualisms as diverse as plant associations with mycorrhizal fungi or nitrogen-fixing bacteria, animals and endosymbionts, and obligate plant-pollinator associations1–6. Prevailing models of interspecific cooperation predict that mutualistic interactions are evolutionary stable only when both interacting species possess mechanisms to prevent excessive exploitation3–6. In light of this, it is paradoxical that some of the classical examples of coevolved obligate mutualism seemingly do not meet this criterion. In mutualisms involving seed parasites that actively pollinate their hosts, such as yucca/ yucca moth and fig/fig wasp interactions, there is no apparent means of retaliation on behalf of the plant. Predictions from theory suggest that a cryptic mechanism, such as selective abortion of flowers with heavy egg loads, could stabilize these interactions4,6–9. Here we present the first empirical evidence that such a mechanism in fact exists in the yucca/yucca moth interaction. A strong nega-tive effect exists between moth egg number and probability of flower retention. Furthermore, we show a strong positive effect between the number of pollinations received and the probability of flower retention. Selective maturation of fruit with low egg loads and high pollen loads provides a mechanism to increase the quantity and possibly quality of seeds produced, and simultaneously select against moths that lay many eggs per flower or provide low-quality pollinations4,6,8,10. Not only can these results explain the stability of this type of interaction, but selection for high-quality pollination also provides a mechanism to help explain the evolution of active pollination among yucca moths.
The succinic dehydrogenase activity of ovarian and lutein tissue.

As PART of a program developed to study the relationship between hormones and intracellular enzymes, experiments were designed to determine the succinic dehydrogenase activity of the ovaries of immature rats which had been stimulated by gonadotrophic hormones, the ovaries of pregnant, pseudopregnant and of female rats having normal estrous cycles. As ovarian tissue in the rat is composed largely of follicles and corpora lutea, data were obtained concerning the amount of succinic dehydrogenase in the corpora lutea dissected from ovaries removed during the above phases of the reproductive cycle. Ovarian tissue was obtained in part from 26 day old immature rats which had been injected with follicle stimulating hormone (McShan and Meyer, 1940) and unfractionated preparations made from whole sheep pituitary powder (McShan and Meyer, 1943). The data obtained from these tissues were compared with those of immature rats not injected and of the same age. The rats used were of the Sprague-Dawley strain, obtained fr...
EVALUATING THE LONGEVITY OF RESTORATIVE MATERIALS THAT SEAL THE ROOT CANALS OF OVERDENTURE ABUTMENTS

Researchers have not established which restorative materials are most appropriate to seal the root canals of overdenture abutments. The author evaluated the longevity of a spherical amalgam, a composite resin and a glass ionomer in 123 patients. Results of this study showed a significant difference between the glass ionomer and the other two materials with regard to the time from placement to replacement of the restorations.