cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Moving in the Right Direction but at What Speed, and How Smoothly?:

In this article, I describe two of our field’s most notable advancements for students with high-incidence disabilities. The first has been to enhance our knowledge of how to design effective instructional interactions between teachers and students (in both small and large groups) that lead to dramatic increases in student outcomes. The second area of progress has been an increased understanding of how to design effective learning environments across an entire school.
Family history fails to identify many children with severe hypercholesterolemia.

• Optimal strategies for identifying children with hypercholesterolemia have not been established. Several groups have advocated that testing of serum cholesterol levels be limited to those children who have family histories of hyperlipidemia or premature coronary heart disease. We studied the ability of comprehensive family histories to identify children with hyperlipidemia in a group of 114 children (mean age, 8 ± 4 years) who were referred for treatment of hypercholesterolemia. A positive family history was defined according to guidelines of the American Academy of Pediatrics. The mean fasting total cholesterol in the children was 5.74 ± 1.42 mmol/L (222 mg/dL). Family history was negative for hypercholesterolemia or premature coronary heart disease in 22 (22%) of 100 children with total cholesterol levels greater than the 75th percentile for their ages, in 13(18.3%) of 71 children with total cholesterol levels greater than the 95th percentile for their ages, and in four (11.8%) of 34 children with presumed heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia. Of the 78 children who had both hypercholesterolemia and positive family histories, hyperlipidemia was reported in 72 families, whereas premature heart disease was reported in only 27. We conclude that in a population of children referred because of known hypercholesterolemia, a detailed family history not only fails to identify many children with mild hypercholesterolemia, but also fails to identify a significant proportion of children with markedly elevated cholesterol levels. Additionally, in families of children with hypercholesterolemia, a history of hyperlipidemia is more common than a history of premature heart disease. ( AJDC. 1991;145:61-64)
Deregulated estrogen receptor α expression in mammary epithelial cells of transgenic mice results in the development of ductal carcinoma In situ

A conditional tetracycline-responsive transgenic mouse model with deregulated estrogen receptor α expression in mammary epithelial cells developed ductal hyperplasia (DH), lobular hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) by 4 months of age. Higher proliferative rates were found in both normal and abnormal ductal and lobular structures. DH and DCIS but not normal ductal structures showed an increased percentage of cells with nuclear-localized cyclin D1. No differences in either the prevalence or extent of these phenotypes following exogenous 17β-estradiol treatment were found suggesting that alteration of ERα expression was the rate-limiting factor in initiation of DH, lobular hyperplasia, and DCIS.
Propofol at conscious sedation doses produces mild analgesia to cold pressor-induced pain in healthy volunteers

Abstract Study objective: To determine whether subanesthetic doses of propofol have analgesic effects in healthy volunteers. Design: Prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover trial. Setting: Human psychomotor performance laboratory within our anesthesia and critical care department. Subjects: 12, non-drug abusing volunteers, aged 22 to 38 years. Interventions: Five drug conditions were used in which a loading injection was followed by a 20-minute infusion period: placebo [saline (Intralipid)] injection, Intralipid infusion; propofol 0.125 mg/kg injection, propofol 12.5 mcg/kg/min infusion; propofol 0.25 mg/kg injection, propofol 25 mcg/kg/min infusion; propofol 0.5 mg/kg injection, propofol 50 mcg/kg/min infusion; fentanyl 1.4 mcg/kg injection (positive control), Intralipid infusion. Five minutes into the infusion period and 115 minutes after the infusion period was terminated, subjects immersed their forearms in ice-cold water for three minutes while pain assessments were recorded. Measurements and Main Results: Propofol at the two higher doses during part of the first immersion produced a significant reduction ( p Conclusion: Our laboratory results are consistent with the commonly accepted clinical practice of supplementing propofol with an opioid in conscious sedation procedures to provide a satisfactory level of pain relief.
Regulation of lac operon expression in mixed sugar chemostat cultures

Expression of the lactose (/ac) operon in the Escherichia coli chromosome has been studied in mixed-sugar chemostat cultures under steady-state and transient conditions. A unified model has been formulated which involves regulation of active inducer (lactose) transport, promoter-operator regulated expression of the /ac operon, glucose-mediated inducer exclusion, and catabolite repression. The model of the /ac operon control system focuses on the molecular interactions among the regulatory species and the genetic control elements for the initiation of transcription. The role of catabolite modulator factor (CMF) in the regulation of transcription is described. The modeling of glucose-mediated regulation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (CAMP) and inducer exclusion is based on the recently elucidated mechanisms of the involvement of the PTS (phosphoenolpyruvate dependent sugar transport system) enzymes, in the presence of glucose, in regulation of adenylate cyclase and non-PTS sugar transport proteins (i.e. permeases). The adequacy of the unified model was verified with experimental data.
Generating Alternatives in Multiple Criteria Decision Making Problems: A Survey

The purpose of this paper is to review, describe and discuss some empirical studies on option generation and computer-based decision-aid techniques for generating alternatives. Decision aids under consideration are those based upon screening, morphological analysis, search in the parameter space, and decision-support systems. A relationship is discussed between generating the set of feasible alternatives and quantifying the consequences of alternatives in terms of multiple criteria. Several applications are briefly described. Research directions related to generating alternatives are outlined.
Hysteretic Fracturing Endochronic Theory for Concrete

An improved endochronic nonlinear triaxial constitutive relation for concrete is developed: (1)In addition to plastic strain increments proportional to stress tensor, fracturing strain increments proportional to strain tensor are used to model strain-softening; (2)the plastic and fracturing inelastic strain increments are characterized by different intrinsic times; (3)degradation of the elastic shear modulus is determined by the intrinsic time for the fracturing strain increments, and degradation of the bulk modulus is related to that of the shear modulus using Budianski-O'Connell's expressions for the elastic moduli of randomly microcracked material; (4)jump-kinematic hardening, in which the center of the loading surface jumps into the current stress and strain point whenever loading reverses to unloading or vice versa, is introduced. The theory also exhibits hydrostatic pressure sensitivity, inelastic dilatancy, initial shear compaction in triaxial loading, and inelastic strain due to hydrostatic pressure.
Microprobe analysis of Tc-MIBI in heart cells: calculation of mitochondrial membrane potential

Hexakis (2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile) technetium-99m (99mTc-MIBI) is a gamma-emitting radiopharmaceutical probe currently in clinical use to evaluate myocardial perfusion. Biochemical and cellular pharmacological studies have suggested that Tc-MIBI, a lipophilic cation, is sequestered in mitochondria in response to transmembrane potentials. To assess directly the subcellular distribution of the probe in heart tissue, cultured chick heart cells were analyzed by electron-probe X-ray microanalysis (EPXMA) following equilibration in micromolar concentrations of carrier-added 99Tc-MIBI, the ground-state radiopharmaceutical. Quantitation of the physiological elements Na, Ca, Mg, K, S, P, and Cl was correlated with exposure to increasing concentrations of 99Tc-MIBI. EPXMA signals indicated that 99Tc-MIBI was concentrated up to 1,000 times into mitochondria in a dose-dependent fashion based on measured Tc content in the mitochondria. Inner membrane potential (delta psi) of individual mitochondria was calculated as -117 mV using the Nernst equation. Concentrations of 99Tc-MIBI > 36 microM caused a significant efflux of K and Mg from the cell, as well as an increase in Cl in the mitochondria. Comparison of cell ultrastructure with conventional electron microscopy at extracellular 99Tc-MIBI concentrations of 36-72 microM showed no changes compared with control. 99Tc-MIBI allows valuable in situ investigation of cellular bioenergetics with EPXMA by quantitation of delta psi.
Comparison of Mammographic Changes Across Three Different Fractionation Schedules for Early-Stage Breast Cancer

Purpose As the use of hypofractionated breast radiation therapy (RT) increases, so will the need for long-term data on post-RT mammographic changes. The purpose of the present study was to longitudinally compare the incidence of common mammographic sequelae seen after breast conserving surgery and RT in patients treated with accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI), hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HWBI), and conventionally fractionated whole breast irradiation (WBI). Methods and Materials Patients treated with either APBI or HWBI after breast conserving therapy and with ≥3 mammograms of the treated breast were identified. They were matched 1:1 by age ±5 years to patients treated with WBI. The mammograms were evaluated for common post-RT breast findings by a mammographer who was unaware of the treatment. The outcomes were analyzed using a cumulative logistic regression model; P Results Of 89 patients treated with RT from 2006 to 2011, 29 had received APBI, 30 had received HWBI, and 30 had received WBI. Their median age was 60 years (range 33-83). A total of 605 mammograms were evaluated, with a median follow-up of 48 months. The treatment technique did not affect the severity of architectural distortion when the groups were evaluated longitudinally. The likelihood of finding skin thickening decreased with increasing follow-up duration (odds ratio 0.6; P Conclusions Although specific post-treatment imaging findings evolved over time, RT fractionation did not alter the relative incidence or severity of architectural distortion, skin thickening, fluid collections, or calcifications. These findings will be useful to both radiologists and radiation oncologists when counseling patients regarding follow-up studies after RT.
UNSTABLE DIPLOIDS OF NEUROSPORA AND A MODEL FOR THEIR SOMATIC BEHAVIOR

When ascospores from crosses of certain strains were germinated under conditions selective for heterozygosity of complementing markers on one linkage group, a portion of the resulting colonies were also heterozygous for unselected markers on other chromosomes, implying multiple disomy. The frequency of disomy and the pattern of marker homozygosity are consistent with most or all multiple disomics having originated as complete diploids following nondisjunction at meiosis I. The production of diploid ascospores in these strains is apparently under polygenic control. The diploids are highly unstable and do not differ from n+1 disomics in rates and mechanisms of haploidization and mitotic crossing over.
X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Shock-Synthesized Zinc Ferrite

Mechanically-blended stoichiometric powder mixtures of zinc oxide and ferric oxide have been subjected to high pressure shock wave loading between 7.5 and 27 GPa. By varying the initial packing densities between 2.15 and 3.38 Mg/m3 in recovery fixtures, peak shock temperatures between 125 and 1,100°C were achieved. X-ray diffraction shows formation of a spinel structure type. The amount depends on shock parameters; unequal consumption of initial oxides suggests a defective spinel Zn1−xFexFe2O4 rather than stoichiometric ZnFe2O4 is formed. A comparison is made between materials prepared by shock loading and by furnace firing.
Monoclonal antibody against the centrosome

A monoclonal antibody, MPM-13, raised against mitotic HeLa cell extracts recognized a perinuclear area in interphase cells and spindle poles in mitotic cells of human, mouse, Chinese hamster and sea urchin. On immunoblots MPM-13 recognized a major protein band at 43 X 10(3) Mr and a variable minor band at 56 X 10(3) Mr in both mitotic and interphase HeLa cells. These antigens were detectable in a variety of mammalian cells as well as in the unicellular ciliate Tetrahymena. In cells arrested in mitosis by colcemid and stained with MPM-13 by indirect immunofluorescence, numerous fluorescent speckles were seen throughout the cytoplasm. Reversal of colcemid block in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells by washing resulted in the reappearance of a fluorescent patch at the poles of the re-formed spindles. In HeLa cells arrested in mitosis by the microtubule stabilizing drug taxol, MPM-13 stained a large fluorescent patch encircled by dark metaphase chromosomes. This pattern indicated the failure of centrioles to move to the opposite poles in the presence of taxol. These data indicate that the MPM-13 antigens are associated with the colcemid-sensitive pericentriolar material from which microtubules originate but not with the centrioles themselves. It is also clear that these antigens are highly conserved during evolution.
"Hidden in Plain Sight": The Significance of Religion and Spirituality in Secular Organizations

Through examples from our own research and that of others, we argue that there is much to learn about religion through the study of its presence in secular organizations where it is “hidden in plain sight.” Making “invisible religion” visible furthers arguments about why sociologists should care about religion and shows how religion can be conceptualized to help us understand religious history, social change, and social processes. Additionally, we show that better understanding how individuals piece together a bricolage of meanings, including those forged from religious beliefs and practices, will come only from also paying attention to the social contexts—many of them secular—that contribute to shaping individual lives. We conclude by suggesting that sociologists of religion model how sociologists of gender and race have conceived of gender and race at individual and structural levels in ways that integrate their concerns more thoroughly with the discipline of sociology.
Chronic Choroiditis Produced with Streptococcus Viridans and Streptococcus Haemolyticus in Normal and in Immunized Rabbits

Received for publication, August 28, 1941. Aided by grants from the John and Mary R. Markle Foundation, the Ophthalmological Foundation, and the Ettinger Fund. 1. Koske, F.: Arb. a. d. k. Gsndhtsamte. 22: 411, 1905; Stock, W.: Beitr. z. path. Anat. u. z. allg. Path. 43: 470, 1908; Guillery, H.: (1) Arch, f. Augenh. 48: 242, 1911; 78: 11, 1914; Dold, H. and Rados, A.: Deutsche med. Wchnschr. 39: 1492, 1913; Rosenow, E. C: J. Infect. Dis. 17: 403, 1915; Woods, A. C: Arch. Ophth. 45: 451, 1916; Irons, E. E. Brown, E. V. L., and Nadler, W. H.: J. Infect. Dis. 18: 315, 1916; Meisser, J. G., and Gardner, B. S.: J. Am. Dent. A. 9: 578. 1922; Haden, R. L.: Arch. Int. Med. 32: 828, 1923; Benedict, W. L., von Lackum, W. H. and Nickel, A. C: Arch. Ophth. 56: 116, 1927; Brown, A. L. and Dummer, C: Arch. Ophth. 2: 573, 1929; Berens, C, Nilson, E. L. and Chapman, G. H., Am. J. Ophth. 19:1060,1936. 2. Berens, C, Angevine, D. M., Guy, L. and Rothbard, S.: Am. J. Ophth. 21: 1315, 1938; Brown, A. L.: Arch. Ophth. 12: 730, 1934. 3. Nicholle, M. and Abt, G.: Ann. Inst. Pasteur 22: 132, 1908; Sattler, C. H.: Arch. f. Augenh. 64: 390, 1909; Kummel, R.: (1) Arch, f. Ophth. 77: 393, 1910; 79: 528, 1911; Seegal, D. and Seegal, B. C, Proc. Soc. Exper. Biol. 8c Med. 27: 390, 1930; Mott, E. and Kesten, H. D.: J. Exper. Med. 53: 815, 1931; Thompson, R., Gallardo, E. and Khorazo, D.: Am. J. Ophth. 19: 852, 1936; MacLean, A. L.: Tr. Am. Ophth. Soc. 34: 324, 1936. immunological reactions in connection with local immunity. The pathological lesions have usually been characterized by an acute inflammatory process in the form of an iridocyclitis, or less frequently as an acute choroiditis, but chronic inflammatory lesions have been rare, with the exception of tuberculous uveitis.4 Von Szily,5 however, described chronic choroiditis in rabbits produced by the intravenous injection of beef uveal pigment, and after 2 weeks an injection of similar material into the vitreous of the eye. The animals were permitted to survive for 1 week after the ocular injection. Fuchs and Meller6 and Wibaut7 also described chronic choroiditis in rabbits that were first sensitized to human, cow, or horse serum by intravenous injection and after 2 weeks were given an intraocular injection of the same antigen. An acute inflammatory reaction of the uveal tract was noted in animals killed within 3 days; but if the animals were permitted to live longer, the inflammatory reaction became chronic in many instances.
The Experiment Factory: Standardizing Behavioral Experiments.

The administration of behavioral and experimental paradigms for psychology research is hindered by lack of a coordinated effort to develop and deploy standardized paradigms. While several frameworks (de Leeuw (2015); McDonnell et al. (2012); Mason and Suri (2011); Lange et al. (2015)) have provided infrastructure and methods for individual research groups to develop paradigms, missing is a coordinated effort to develop paradigms linked with a system to easily deploy them. This disorganization leads to redundancy in development, divergent implementations of conceptually identical tasks, disorganized and error-prone code lacking documentation, and difficulty in replication. The ongoing reproducibility crisis in psychology and neuroscience research (Baker (2015); Open Science Collaboration (2015)) highlights the urgency of this challenge: reproducible research in behavioral psychology is conditional on deployment of equivalent experiments. A large, accessible repository of experiments for researchers to develop collaboratively is most efficiently accomplished through an open source framework. Here we present the Experiment Factory, an open source framework for the development and deployment of web-based experiments. The modular infrastructure includes experiments, virtual machines for local or cloud deployment, and an application to drive these components and provide developers with functions and tools for further extension. We release this infrastructure with a deployment (http://www.expfactory.org) that researchers are currently using to run a set of over 80 standardized web-based experiments on Amazon Mechanical Turk. By providing open source tools for both deployment and development, this novel infrastructure holds promise to bring reproducibility to the administration of experiments, and accelerate scientific progress by providing a shared community resource of psychological paradigms.
Development of DNA sequences in molecular phylogeny of ticks

Summary This paper reviewed the development process,DNA markers and phylogeny application of DNA sequences in molecular phylogeny of ticks,and directed the phylogeny of ticks in China in the future.
Investigate the Reclamation Area of Secondary School Students on AIDS Knowledge and Attitudes

OBJECTIVE To understand the reclamation area of secondary school students knowledge and attitudes on AIDS,and take corresponding measures to protect the health of young people provide the basis. METHODS Junior secondary school in the department of the ministry of 1 000 high school students conducted a questionnaire survey. RESULTS Secondary school students on HIV / AIDS knowledge in the basic rate are 85.3% correct,there are some aspects of transmission errors. Apart from individual projects,there was no significant difference. CONCLUSIONS AIDS prevention knowledge of the students have yet to be improved in the secondary school students should be carried out correctly,the system’s knowledge of AIDS prevention health education,and strengthen student awareness of self-protection
Quantitation of two forms of pulmonary cytochrome P-450 in microsomes, using substrate specificities.

The metabolism of N -hydroxyamphetamine by the rabbit pulmonary microsomal fraction results in the formation of a metabolic intermediate complex with almost all of the cytochrome P -450. However, only half of the cytochrome P -450 forms a complex during the metabolism of norbenzphetamine, benzphetamine, or piperonyl butoxide. Immunological studies in which antibodies against each of the two known forms of pulmonary cytochrome P -450 were added to microsomes and monooxygenase systems containing purified enzymes demonstrate that one form of cytochrome P -450 complexes with both norbenzphetamine and N -hydroxyamphetamine, whereas a second form complexes only with N -hydroxyamphetamine. The cytochrome P -450-metabolic intermediate complexes can be solubilized from the microsomal membrane and separated from each other by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The complexes isolated in this manner are the same as those formed in purified systems. As determined by metabolic intermediate complex formation, pulmonary microsomal fractions contain equal amounts of the two forms of cytochrome P -450. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank Zadock McCoy for the preparation of rabbit lung microsomes. Norbenzphetamine ( N -benzyl-α-methylphenethylamine) was a gift from the Upjohn Co. (Kalamazoo, Mich.), and N -hydroxyamphetamine was a gift from Smith Kline and French Laboratories (Philadelphia, Pa.).
The pacemaker twiddler's syndrome. A further note.

In the 4 case histories presented, the patients indulged in repetitive twisting of subcutaneous pulse generators. Electrodes were dislodged in 3 of the cases. Dislodgment was apparently prevented by a simple safeguard in the fourth case.
Physician Communication in Pediatric End-of-Life Care: A Simulation Study.

Objective:The objective of this exploratory study is to describe communication between physicians and the actor parent of a standardized 8-year-old patient in respiratory distress who was nearing t...
L2 Spanish intonation for Finnish speakers

ABSTRACTSpanish and Finnish have a similar, syllable-timed, rhythm but very different stress and intonation patterns. Based on the “Frequency Code,” whereby meanings of confidence and aggressiveness are associated with low pitch, and those of submission and smallness with high pitch, we establish a taxonomy of the functions and meanings of intonation with examples in Spanish and Finnish. These functions can be grammatical, attitudinal, pragmatic, and sociolinguistic. To teach intonation to Finnish L2 Spanish students of an advanced level, we raise their awareness through the comparison of the intonational patterns of the two languages and through inductive reasoning. Our proposal fosters a multimodal approach based on the imitation of native speech, on the visual representation of prosody through software like Praat, and on the use of gestures, all integrated into discourse-oriented activities. Due to its schematic and flexible nature, our proposal can be adapted by teachers to the necessities of their L2...
Importance of Managing for Personal Benefits, Hedonic and Utilitarian Motivations, and Place Attachment at an Urban Natural Setting

Research on antecedents of place attachment suggests that the special bonds people form with nature are influenced by a number of variables. This study examines associations between the perceived importance of managing for personal benefits, motivations, and place attachment among outdoor recreationists at an urban natural setting. Motivation was conceptualized as two-dimensional (Hedonic and Utilitarian) borrowed from the retail and consumer marketing field and previously unused in a natural resource recreation context. Hedonic and utilitarian motivations represent the experiential and functional dimensions of motivation, respectively. Relationships between the noted variables were examined through structural equation modeling. Data from an onsite survey of 219 users indicated that it was important the resource be managed to provide greater freedom from urban living as well as improved mental well-being. Furthermore, respondents exhibited moderate levels of hedonic and utilitarian motivations as well as attachment to the resource. The structural equation analysis resulted in a good fitting model with several significant relationships emerging. Among these, the perceived importance of managing for personal benefits positively influenced hedonic and utilitarian motivations. In addition, hedonic motivations positively influenced place attachment development, whereas utilitarian motivations did not. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Development of autologous blood cell therapies.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and blood cell transfusions are performed commonly in patients with a variety of blood disorders. Unfortunately, these donor-derived cell therapies are constrained due to limited supplies, infectious risk factors, a lack of appropriately matched donors, and the risk of immunologic complications from such products. The use of autologous cell therapies has been proposed to overcome these shortcomings. One can derive such therapies directly from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells of individuals, which can then be manipulated ex vivo to produce the desired modifications or differentiated to produce a particular target population. Alternatively, pluripotent stem cells, which have a theoretically unlimited self-renewal capacity and an ability to differentiate into any desired cell type, can be used as an autologous starting source for such manipulation and differentiation approaches. Such cell products can also be used as a delivery vehicle for therapeutics. In this review, we highlight recent advances and discuss ongoing challenges for the in vitro generation of autologous hematopoietic cells that can be used for cell therapy.
Loren Graham, Lonely ideas: can Russia compete?

Why do some societies thrive economically and others lag behind, even with an abundance of natural resources? Why are some societies creative economically and others not? These questions have bedev...
Book Review Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations

This book unveils the vital notion of translingual practice , the premise of which is the dexterity of multilingual speakers and writers to negotiate language differences so as to assert their agency and positionality. It offers a thought-provoking discussion about how the richness of one’s language repertoires, cultures, and rhetorical traditions can be a useful resource for meaning-making and negotiation in a global contact zone. Drawing a perspective from a critical pedagogy, this book also deconstructs the much extolled current linguistic models such as multilingualism, World Englishes, global Englishes, English as a lingua franca, and English as an international language, showing that they are ideological constructs which ought to be critically interrogated. The book adopts an orientation that language is as dynamic, protean and emergent entities. Citation of the reviewed book : Canagarajah, S. (2013). Translingual Practice: Global Englishes and Cosmopolitan Relations . London and New York: Routledge
A Study of Discrete Link Jamming Games

Link jamming games with continuous levels were studied in [1]. Practically it may not be feasible to implement an optimal power-or rate-randomizing strategy with continuous levels. Games, i.e., design programs, with discrete levels are investigated here. The threshold model and throughput pay-off are the same as in [1]. Average power constraints for both the communicator and the jammer are assumed. Questions like, "If the communicator (jammer) has only two power levels for randomization, which two levels are optimal?" and "What is the maximum signal-to-jamming ratio cost for quantizing the levels?" will be answered.
The buffering role of social support on the associations among discrimination, mental health, and suicidality in a transgender sample

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Per the minority stress framework, trans individuals often experience psychological distress given the unique stress engendered by gender identity–related discrimination. Prior research has identified social support as particularly important for psychological distress and has suggested that social support may moderate this relationship. The purpose of the current study was to explore the patterns of connections among discrimination, mental health, and suicidal ideation in trans individuals and whether social support moderates these relationships. Methods: Participants (N = 78) completed measures of these constructs as part of a national online survey. Results: A series of simultaneous multiple regressions found that harassment/rejection discrimination was a unique positive predictor of mental health symptoms and suicidal ideation, with depression positively predicting suicidal ideation. A mediational model indicated that the association between harassment/rejection discrimination and...
Cryptochromes regulate IGF-1 production and signaling through control of JAK2-dependent STAT5B phosphorylation

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling plays an important role in cell growth and proliferation and is implicated in regulation of cancer, metabolism, and aging. Here we report that IGF-1 level in blood and IGF-1 signaling demonstrates circadian rhythms. Circadian control occurs through cryptochromes (CRYs)-transcriptional repressors and components of the circadian clock. IGF-1 rhythms are disrupted in Cry-deficient mice, and IGF-1 level is reduced by 80% in these mice, which leads to reduced IGF signaling. In agreement, Cry-deficient mice have reduced body (∼30% reduction) and organ size. Down-regulation of IGF-1 upon Cry deficiency correlates with reduced Igf-1 mRNA expression in the liver and skeletal muscles. Igf-1 transcription is regulated through growth hormone-induced, JAK2 kinase-mediated phosphorylation of transcriptional factor STAT5B. The phosphorylation of STAT5B on the JAK2-dependent Y699 site is significantly reduced in the liver and skeletal muscles of Cry-deficient mice. At the same time, phosphorylation of JAK2 kinase was not reduced upon Cry deficiency, which places CRY activity downstream from JAK2. Thus CRYs link the circadian clock and JAK-STAT signaling through control of STAT5B phosphorylation, which provides the mechanism for circadian rhythms in IGF signaling in vivo.
Evaluating childhood and adulthood victimization as predictors of psychotic disorders: findings from a nationwide study of women in jail

AbstractIncarcerated women experience high rates of childhood victimization and adulthood interpersonal violence, which have been identified as risk factors for psychotic-spectrum disorders. This study included 491 women in jail, who completed structured diagnostic interviews and questionnaires concerning past victimization. Interpersonal violence in adulthood was a significant mediator of the association between childhood victimization and 12-month prevalence of any psychotic disorder. These findings demonstrate the importance of assessing victimization in childhood and adulthood relative to psychosis among women in jail.
Direct synthesis of carbon nanotubes on metallic foams as a cathode material with high mass load for lithium–air batteries

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized directly on metallic substrates by spray pyrolysis chemical vapor deposition. Cathodes containing CNTs with mass loads up to 25.9 mg cm−2 were investigated for Li–air batteries and exhibited a maximum specific discharge capacity of 3348 mA h g−1 for a carbon loading of 4.2 mg cm−2. These results demonstrate that carbon nanomaterials present electrocatalytic activity for the cathode reaction and can be deposited and used directly as cathode materials for developing energy storage devices with improved performances.
Parallel computation for coefficients of determination in the context of multivariate gene-expression analysis

This paper presents a parallel program for assessing the codetermination of gene transcriptional states from large-scale simultaneous gene expression measurements with cDNA microarrays. The parallel program is based on the coefficient of determination, which has been proposed for the analysis of gene interaction via multivariate expression arrays and the construction of genetic regulatory network models. Parallel computing is key in the application of the coefficient of determination to a large set of genes owing to the large number of expression-based functions that must be statistically designed and compared. The parallel program, Parallel Analysis of Gene Expression (PAGE), exploits the inherent parallelism exhibited in the proposed codetermination methodology. An application to a Markovian regulatory network is given.
Strategies for Counseling Patients in Clinic

Stone prevention therapy – both nutritional and medical – is effective only if it is followed. For some patients, kidney stone prevention is not taken as seriously as by others. Some have recurrent or especially aggressive disease, and the need for intervention is clear to them. Other patients may have only had a single event and see it as isolated or not disturbing enough to warrant life changes. Yet others may have recurrence, but it may be punctuated by variably long periods of quiescence, during which the pain and burden of kidney stones may be forgotten. While stone-related pain is usually temporary, and as surgical procedures offer resolution only of the acute stone event, there are potential long-term effects of stone disease. Some of these are without symptoms and may not manifest for many years. Data linking stone disease to bone, kidney, and even heart disease have now been published [1–3]. As providers, it is our responsibility to educate our patients and motivate them to adopt and maintain prevention regimens.
Cardiorespiratory Fitness and White Matter Neuronal Fiber Integrity in Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Background Mounting evidence showed the self-reported levels of physical activity are positively associated with white matter (WM) integrity and cognitive performance in normal adults and patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). However, the objective measure of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) was not used in these studies. Objective To determine the associations of CRF measured by maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) with WM fiber integrity and neurocognitive performance in older adults with MCI. Methods Eighty-one participants (age = 65±7 years, 43 women), including 26 cognitively normal older adults and 55 amnestic MCI patients, underwent VO2max test to measure CRF, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess WM fiber integrity, and neurocognitive assessment focused on memory and executive function. DTI data were analyzed by the tract-based spatial statistics and region-of-interest approach. Results Cognitively normal older adults and MCI patients were not different in global WM fiber integrity and VO2max. VO2max was associated positively with DTI metrics of fractional anisotropy in ∼54% WM fiber tracts, and negatively with mean and radial diffusivities in ∼46% and ∼56% of the WM fiber tracts. The associations of VO2max with DTI metrics remained statistically significant after adjustment of age, sex, body mass index, WM lesion burden, and MCI status. The DTI metrics obtained from the area that correlated to VO2max were associated with executive function performance in MCI patients. Conclusions Higher levels of CRF are associated with better WM fiber integrity, which in turn is correlated with better executive function performance in MCI patients.
Transition strengths in 79Rb.

High angular momentum states in $^{79}\mathrm{Rb}$ were populated via the $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$${(}^{19}$F,2pn${)}^{79}$Rb and $^{65}\mathrm{Cu}$${(}^{18}$O,4n${)}^{79}$Rb reactions. The 65 MeV $^{19}\mathrm{F}$ and 65 MeV $^{18}\mathrm{O}$ beams were provided by the Florida State University FN Tandem accelerator. Prompt \ensuremath{\gamma}-\ensuremath{\gamma} coincidences were measured for both reactions. Two additional \ensuremath{\gamma} cascades have been assigned to $^{79}\mathrm{Rb}$, including a new high-excitation structure dominated by dipole transitions. Firm spin assignments were made for the first time for a number of states by means of directional correlation ratios and an angular distribution measurement using the $^{63}\mathrm{Cu}$${(}^{19}$F,2pn) reaction. The Doppler-shift attenuation method was used to determine lifetimes for states and their respective side-feeding times in both the yrast positive-parity and yrast negative-parity states. Transition quadrupole moments were deduced from the transition strengths and compared with those predicted by Woods-Saxon cranking calculations. The energy spacings and mixing ratios were compared with particle-rotor calculations.
Identification of novel ΔNp63α-regulated miRNAs using an optimized small RNA-Seq analysis pipeline.

Advances in high-throughput sequencing have enabled profiling of microRNAs (miRNAs), however, a consensus pipeline for sequencing of small RNAs has not been established. We built and optimized an analysis pipeline using Partek Flow, circumventing the need for analyzing data via scripting languages. Our analysis assessed the effect of alignment reference, normalization method, and statistical model choice on biological data. The pipeline was evaluated using sequencing data from HaCaT cells transfected with either a non-silencing control or siRNA against ΔNp63α, a p53 family member protein which is highly expressed in non-melanoma skin cancer and shown to regulate a number of miRNAs. We posit that 1) alignment and quantification to the miRBase reference provides the most robust quantitation of miRNAs, 2) normalizing sample reads via Trimmed Mean of M-values is the most robust method for accurate downstream analyses, and 3) use of the lognormal with shrinkage statistical model effectively identifies differentially expressed miRNAs. Using our pipeline, we identified previously unrecognized regulation of miRs-149-5p, 18a-5p, 19b-1-5p, 20a-5p, 590-5p, 744-5p and 93-5p by ΔNp63α. Regulation of these miRNAs was validated by RT-qPCR, substantiating our small RNA-Seq pipeline. Further analysis of these miRNAs may provide insight into ΔNp63α’s role in cancer progression. By defining the optimal alignment reference, normalization method, and statistical model for analysis of miRNA sequencing data, we have established an analysis pipeline that may be carried out in Partek Flow or at the command line. In this manner, our pipeline circumvents some of the major hurdles encountered during small RNA-Seq analysis.
An Approach to Sensitivity Analysis of Computer Models: Part I—Introduction, Input Variable Selection and Preliminary Variable Assessment

This is the first part of a two-part article presenting a statistical approach to the sensitivity analysis of computer models. Part I defines the objectives of sensitivity analysis and presents a computer model that is used for purposes for illustration..
Der Bildungsort Familie

Dieses Kapitel hat zum Ziel, genaueren Einblick in das methodische Vorgehen des Marburger Mehrgenerationen-Projekts zu gewahren und es einer ersten Evaluation zu unterziehen. Dabei sollen — nach einem kurzen uberblick uber die methodische Gesamtkonzeption — zunachst die einzelnen Forschungszugange und die mit ihnen verbundenen Erwartungen umrissen werden. Im zweiten Teil des Kapitels steht die Frage im Vordergrund, wie die gewahlten Methoden wechselseitig aufeinander zu beziehen sind und wie in diesem Kontext ihr jeweiliger spezifischer Ertrag zu bewerten ist. Der dritte Teil bezieht sich auf die Rekrutierung der Untersuchungsstichprobe und abschliesend wird im vierten Teil in grundlegenden Aspekten das auswertungsbezogene Vorgehen skizziert.
Internal Monitoring of Acoustic Emission in Graphite-Epoxy Composites Using Imbedded Optical Fiber Sensors

The monitoring of acoustic emission (AE) is an important technique for the nondestructive characterization of strained materials because time and frequency domain analyses of AE events yield information about the type, geometry, and location of defects, as well as how material failure may occur. The quantitative interpretation of AE event signatures is critically dependent upon the faithfulness of the acoustic transduction and signal processing system in reproducing localized stress wave amplitude as a function of time. Although the usual sensor for acoustic emission is the piezoelectric transducer, several investigators have considered the application of interferometric optical sensing techniques which offer good spatial resolution and frequency response [1,2]. These techniques typically focus one beam of a modified Michelson interferometer to a small spot on the surface of a specimen and measure the time-dependent normal component of surface displacement at the location of that spot.
Characterization of proteins and fibroblasts on thin inorganic films.

The ability of biomaterial surfaces to regulate cell behavior requires control over surface chemistry and material microstructure. One of the goals in the development of silicon-based biomedical devices such as biosensors or drug delivery systems is improved biocompatibility which may be achieved through the deposition or adsorption of thin films. In this study, films of single crystal silicon, stoichiometric and low stress silicon nitride, doped and undoped polysilicon, as well as Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) peptide adsorbed surfaces characterized in terms of protein adsorption or cellular adhesion for a period of four days. Protein adsorption studies using fibrinogen and albumin, two proteins implicated in cellular adhesion and surface activity, reveal that low stress silicon nitride surfaces have a 223%±2.50% greater protein adsorption compared to undoped polysilicon surfaces, followed by silicon nitride, unmodified silicon, and doped polysilicon surfaces, respectively. The thickness of the adsorbed albumin and fibrinogen layer on various thin films was measured by ellipsometry and compared to contact angle measurements. The greatest cellular adhesion was observed on undoped polysilicon, followed by unmodified (control) silicon, low stress silicon nitride, silicon nitride, and doped polysilicon surfaces. Cellular binding supports the differential protein adsorption found on modified and unmodified silicon surfaces. Understanding the biological response to thin films will allow us to design more appropriate interfaces for implantable diagnostic and therapeutic silicon-based microdevices.
Non-neoplastic Intestinal Disease

Proper tissue orientation is a critical part of the histologic evaluation of biopsies of the gastrointestinal tract. Tissue orientation is a two-step process that involves the coordinated actions of the endoscopist and the histotechnologist. The endoscopist should mount the biopsy mucosal side up on an appropriate solid surface (e.g., filter paper) and place it in fixative. This first step should be done immediately, in the endoscopy suite, so that the specimen does not dry out en route to the surgical pathology laboratory. The histotechnologist can then embed and cut the biopsy specimen perpendicular to the mounting surface. If the specimen is free floating, great care must be taken to identify the mucosal surface for proper embedding. Multiple sections should be cut from each tissue block for histologic evaluation. Step sections are preferred to serial sections so that intervening unstained sections are available for special stains as needed.
In vivo we trust

Social scientists once restricted their research to carefully controlled laboratory experiments. Over the past 25 years, however, they have increasingly made use of field experiments. Insights gained have spanned nearly every imaginable segment of our society, lending tests of theory, advice to policymakers, and guidance to nonprofit and for-profit firms alike. In his new book, Randomistas, Andrew Leigh takes stock of a slice of this research in an even-tempered, scientific, and accessible way.
Development and Validation of a Parent Version of the "Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener" in an Elementary Sample.

A line of research has supported the incremental and construct validity of multi-informant assessment. Accordingly, multiple universal screening systems have been designed to support the collection...
Heterogeneity in efflux pump expression predisposes antibiotic-resistant cells to mutation

Antibiotic resistance is often the result of mutations that block drug activity; however, bacteria also evade antibiotics by transiently expressing genes such as multidrug efflux pumps. A crucial question is whether transient resistance can promote permanent genetic changes. Previous studies have established that antibiotic treatment can select tolerant cells that then mutate to achieve permanent resistance. Whether these mutations result from antibiotic stress or preexist within the population is unclear. To address this question, we focused on the multidrug pump AcrAB-TolC. Using time-lapse microscopy, we found that cells with higher acrAB expression have lower expression of the DNA mismatch repair gene mutS, lower growth rates, and higher mutation frequencies. Thus, transient antibiotic resistance from elevated acrAB expression can promote spontaneous mutations within single cells.
Examining Interactions Between and Among Predictors of Net Ecosystem Exchange: A Machine Learning Approach in a Semi-arid Landscape

Net ecosystem exchange (NEE) is an essential climate indicator of the direction and magnitude of carbon dioxide (CO2) transfer between land surfaces and the atmosphere. Improved estimates of NEE can serve to better constrain spatiotemporal characteristics of terrestrial carbon fluxes, improve verification of land models, and advance monitoring of Earth’s terrestrial ecosystems. Spatiotemporal NEE information developed by combining ground-based flux tower observations and spatiotemporal remote sensing datasets are of potential value in benchmarking land models. We apply a machine learning approach (Random Forest (RF)) to develop spatiotemporally varying NEE estimates using observations from a flux tower and several variables that can potentially be retrieved from satellite data and are related to ecosystem dynamics. Specific variables in model development include a mixture of remotely sensed (fraction of photosynthetically active radiation (fPAR), Leaf Area Index (LAI)) and ground-based data (soil moisture, downward solar radiation, precipitation and mean air temperature) in a complex landscape of the Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed (RCEW) in southwest Idaho, USA. Predicted results show good agreement with the observed data for the NEE (r2 = 0.87). We then validate the temporal pattern of the NEE generated by the RF model for two independent years at the two sites not used in the development of the model. The model development process revealed that the most important predictors include LAI, downward solar radiation, and soil moisture. This work provides a demonstration of the potential power of machine learning methods for combining a variety of observational datasets to create spatiotemporally extensive datasets for land model verification and benchmarking.
High dimensional variable selection with clustered data: an application of random multivariate survival forests for detection of outlier medical device components

In many medical studies patients are nested or clustered within doctor. With many explanatory variables, variable selection with clustered data can be challenging. We propose a method for variable ...