cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Consumption Dynamics of Trout in Catch‐and‐Release Areas in Arkansas Tailwaters

AbstractRestrictive angling regulations in tailwater trout fisheries may be unsuccessful if food availability limits energy for fish to grow. We examined spatial and temporal variation in energy intake and growth in populations of Brown Trout Salmo trutta and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss within three catch-and-release (C-R) areas in Arkansas tailwaters to evaluate food availability compared with consumption. Based on bioenergetic simulations, Rainbow Trout fed at submaintenance levels in both size-classes (≤400 mm TL, >400 mm TL) throughout most seasons. A particular bottleneck in food availability occurred in the winter for Rainbow Trout when the daily ration was substantially below the minimum required for maintenance, despite reduced metabolic costs associated with lower water temperatures. Rainbow Trout growth rates followed a similar pattern to consumption with negative growth rates during the winter periods. All three size-classes ( 400 mm TL) of Brown Trout experienc...
Starting Online Communities: Motivations and Goals of Wiki Founders

Why do people start new online communities? Previous research has studied what helps communities to grow and what motivates contributors, but the reasons that people create new communities in the first place remain unclear. We present the results of a survey of over 300 founders of new communities on the online wiki hosting site Wikia.com. We analyze the motivations and goals of wiki creators, finding that founders have diverse reasons for starting wikis and diverse ways of defining their success. Many founders see their communities as occupying narrow topics, and neither seek nor expect a large group of contributors. We also find that founders with differing goals approach community building differently. We argue that community platform designers can create interfaces that support the diverse goals of founders more effectively.
A Biphilic Phosphetane Catalyzes N–N Bond-Forming Cadogan Heterocyclization via PIII/PV═O Redox Cycling

A small-ring phosphacycle, 1,2,2,3,4,4-hexamethylphosphetane, is found to catalyze deoxygenative N–N bond-forming Cadogan heterocyclization of o-nitrobenzaldimines, o-nitroazobenzenes, and related substrates in the presence of hydrosilane terminal reductant. The reaction provides a chemoselective catalytic synthesis of 2H-indazoles, 2H-benzotriazoles, and related fused heterocyclic systems with good functional group compatibility. On the basis of both stoichiometric and catalytic mechanistic experiments, the reaction is proposed to proceed via catalytic PIII/PV═O cycling, where DFT modeling suggests a turnover-limiting (3+1) cheletropic addition between the phosphetane catalyst and nitroarene substrate. Strain/distortion analysis of the (3+1) transition structure highlights the controlling role of frontier orbital effects underpinning the catalytic performance of the phosphetane.
The Eucharistic Context of Pastoral Response to Contemporary Challenges in Marriage, Family, and Sexuality

Pastoral ministry in the Orthodox Church on matters of marriage, sexuality, and family must focus on helping parishioners embrace the full meaning of a “one flesh” union with Jesus Christ in the Eucharist. The “one flesh” relationship of marriage must be oriented through the blessing of the Church toward the eschatological fulfillment of the Kingdom of God. The connections of Eucharist and matrimony are so profound that pastoral ministry must guide parishioners to enter into only those marriages that may be blessed in the Church as signs of the communion of a man and a woman with Christ. Keywords: Eastern Orthodox Ethics, Eastern Orthodox Moral Theology, Eucharistic Ethics, Marriage, Sexuality
Early and Late Responses to Ion Irradiation

Early and late responses to ion beam therapy (IBT) are the result of complex interactions between host, dose volume, and radiobiological factors. Our understanding of these early and late tissue responses has improved greatly with the accumulation of laboratory and clinical experience with proton and heavy ion irradiation. With photon therapy becoming increasingly conformal, many concepts developed for 3D conformal radiotherapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy with photons are also applicable to IBT. This chapter reviews basic concepts and experimental data of early and late tissue responses to protons and ions.
Analysis of Ring Compression by the Boundary Element Method

A unique feature of deformation in ring compression (also in rolling and forging) is the existence of a neutral point along the die workpiece interface where the velocity of the deforming material relative to the die velocity becomes zero. The frictional stresses usually change direction at the neutral point. However, the location of this point is not known a priori.
Mn- and Fe-porphyrin-based SOD mimics are powerful suppressors of itch in histamine-dependent and -independent mouse models

Chronic itch or pruritis is a common syndrome associated with many skin and systemic diseases and significantly reduces the patients’ quality of life. Chronic itch causes constant scratching, increases risk of infection, disrupts sleep, and eventually reduces quality of life. Although antihistamines are the first choice for treating itch, most chronic itch conditions are resistant to this treatment. Major hurdle for development of novel effective anti-itch treatment is the lack of information about the etiology and neurobiology of itch. Oxidative stress has a role in acute and chronic itch: both H2O2 and tert-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP) injections into the nape of neck of mice induced a potent scratching response that lasts for at least 30 min. Several metalloporphyrin-based SOD mimics, that decrease oxidative stress in cellular and animal models of numerous diseases, were tested on their ability to reduce itch: MnTE-2-PyP5+(BMX-010, AEOL10113), MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+(BMX-001), MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ and FeTnHex-2-PyP5+. BMX-001 and BMX-010 are now in 4 clinical trials. Itch was induced in mice with intradermal injections of either 100 µg of compound 48/80 or 200 µg of chloroquine (CQ). While compound 48/80 induces histamine release from mast cells, CQ causes histamine-independent itch. Given intraperitoneally 20 min before compound 48/80 and CQ, SOD mimics decreased itching defined by the number of scratching events. The higher the lipophilicity of the compound, the more potent was its efficacy in reducing the number of scratching events. Lipophilic MnTnHex-2-PyP5+ and MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ were highly efficacious at 1 mg/kg single ip injection in reducing number of scratches by ~80% in a compound 48/80-induced itch model. Hydrophilic MnTE-2-PyP5+ was ~6-fold less efficacious than either of the lipophilic compounds in same model. At 50 mg/kg, curcumin produced smaller effect than one seen with 1 mg/kg of MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+. Trolox (vitamin E analog) and N-acetylcysteine decreased scratching at 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively.
Forecasting arrivals and occupancy levels in an emergency department

Abstract This is a sequel to Whitt and Zhang (2017), in which we developed an aggregate stochastic model of an emergency department (ED) based on the publicly available data from the large 1000-bed Rambam Hospital in Haifa, Israel, from 2004–7, associated with the patient flow analysis by Armony et al. (2015). Here we focus on forecasting future daily arrival totals and predicting hourly occupancy levels in real time, given recent history (previous arrival and departure times of all patients) and useful exogenous variables. For the arrival forecasting, we divide the dataset into an initial training set for fitting the models and a final test set to evaluate the performance. By using 200 weeks of data instead of the previous 25, we identify (i) long-term trends in both the arrival process and the length-of-stay distributions and (ii) dependence among successive daily arrival totals, which were undetectable before. From several forecasting methods, including artificial neural network models, we find that a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous (holiday and temperature) regressors (SARIMAX) time-series model is most effective. We then combine our previous ED model with the arrival prediction to create a real-time predictor for the future ED occupancy levels.
HER2 targeted therapy and outcome in HER2-equivocal cases after 2018 ASCO/CAP HER2 guideline modification.

e14729Background: The best targeted therapeutic approach for HER2-equivocal cases remains unclear. New ASCO/CAP HER2 guidelines are intended to decrease this ambiguity by combining immunohistochemi...
A Framework for Airfare Price Prediction: A Machine Learning Approach

The price of an airline ticket is affected by a number of factors, such as flight distance, purchasing time, fuel price, etc. Each carrier has its own proprietary rules and algorithms to set the price accordingly. Recent advance in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) makes it possible to infer such rules and model the price variation. This paper proposes a novel application based on two public data sources in the domain of air transportation: the Airline Origin and Destination Survey (DB1B) and the Air Carrier Statistics database (T-100). The proposed framework combines the two databases, together with macroeconomic data, and uses machine learning algorithms to model the quarterly average ticket price based on different origin and destination pairs, as known as the market segment. The framework achieves a high prediction accuracy with 0.869 adjusted R squared score on the testing dataset.
La bibliometría en el Perú

Este articulo analiza la literatura sobre bibliometria publicada en el Peru por autores peruanos o extranjeros que seleccionaron revistas peruanas o eventos realizados en el Peru para publicar (comunicar) los resultados de sus investigaciones. Tambien se recolectaron las publicaciones realizadas por investigadores peruanos en el extranjero. Se identifica los tipos de documentos comunmente usados por los investigadores para comunicar los resultados de sus investigaciones, ademas de las revistas mas utilizadas y los idiomas utilizados en esa comunicacion. Se analiza tambien el crecimiento de la literatura, la co-autoria evidenciada en la literatura publicada y se identifican a los autores mas productivos y las areas investigadas.
Comparison of Functional Status Improvements Among Patients With Stroke Receiving Postacute Care in Inpatient Rehabilitation vs Skilled Nursing Facilities

Importance Health care reform legislation and Medicare plans for unified payment for postacute care highlight the need for research examining service delivery and outcomes. Objective To compare functional outcomes in patients with stroke after postacute care in inpatient rehabilitation facilities (IRF) vs skilled nursing facilities (SNF). Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included patients with stroke who were discharged from acute care hospitals to IRF or SNF from January 1, 2013, to November 30, 2014. Medicare claims were used to link to IRF and SNF assessments. Data analyses were conducted from January 17, 2017, through April 25, 2019. Exposures Inpatient rehabilitation received in IRFs vs SNFs. Main Outcomes and Measures Changes in mobility and self-care measures during an IRF or SNF stay were compared using multivariate analyses, inverse probability weighting with propensity score, and instrumental variable analyses. Mortality between 30 and 365 days after discharge was included as a control outcome as an indicator for unmeasured confounders. Results Among 99 185 patients who experienced a stroke between January 1, 2013, and November 30, 2014, 66 082 patients (66.6%) were admitted to IRFs and 33 103 patients (33.4%) were admitted to SNFs. A higher proportion of women were admitted to SNFs (21 466 [64.8%] women) than IRFs (36 462 [55.2%] women) (P Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of a large national sample, inpatient rehabilitation in IRFs for patients with stroke was associated with substantially improved physical mobility and self-care function compared with rehabilitation in SNFs. This finding raises questions about the value of any policy that would reimburse IRFs or SNFs at the same standard rate for stroke.
Summary, Conclusions, and Recommendations

This chapter first summarizes the major work presented in this book, including (1) field measurement of albedo for reflective pavement; (2) field measurement of permeability for permeable pavement; (3) laboratory measurement of thermal properties for thermal-resistance pavement; (4) outdoor measurement of evaporation rate for evaporative cooling; (5) field measurement of thermal performance of various pavements; (6) thermal interaction between pavement and near-surface air; (7) thermal interaction between pavement and building surface; (8) numerical simulation of thermal behavior of cool pavement strategies; (9) impacts of cool pavement strategies on human thermal comfort; and (10) impacts of cool pavement strategies on building energy use. Based on the findings from this dissertation study, some preliminary recommendations about the application of cool pavement strategies for mitigating near-surface heat island effects and improving the outdoor thermal environment are given. Recommendations about the future study on this topic are also presented.
Deformation Response of Catenated DNA Networks in a Planar Elongational Field

A kinetoplast is a complex catenated DNA network that bears resemblance to a two-dimensional polymeric system. In this work, we use single-molecule experiments to study the transient and steady-sta...
Comparison of Cerebral Embolic Events Between Right and Left Upper Extremity Access During Fenestrated/Branched Endovascular Aortic Repair.

Purpose:To evaluate the incidence and outcomes of cerebral embolic events when using right (RUE) vs left upper extremity (LUE) access for fenestrated/branched endovascular aneurysm repair (f/bEVAR)...
Towards cogenesis via Asymmetric Freeze-In: the χ who came-in from the cold

In models of freeze-in the dark matter (DM) is decoupled from the visible sector and initially has a depleted number density. The hidden and visible sectors are connected only via a feeble portal interaction by which DM can be produced. Asymmetric freeze-in (AFI) combines this scenario with ideas from asymmetric DM and provides a potential cogenesis mechanism. However, it has been argued that existing AFI models do not produce suitably large particle asymmetries due to cancellations which arises because the mediator state remains in thermal equilibrium. We examine AFI via an out-of-equilibrium mediator and using a simple scalar model show that in this case sizeable asymmetries may be generated.
Preferential Parasitism of Ooencyrtus mirus (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) on Bagrada hilaris (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Regardless of Rearing Host

The invasive stink bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a serious pest of cole crops. Studies are underway to assess the potential of an exotic egg parasitoid from Pakistan, Ooencyrtus mirus Triapitsyn & Power (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), as a biological control agent for this pest. In the present study, the ovipositional preference of O. mirus reared for multiple generations on B. hilaris, Thyanta pallidovirens (Stal), or Nezara viridula (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) for eggs of these three stink bug species was evaluated. The first host accepted for oviposition, the number of parasitoid eggs (as indicated by pedicels) laid on each host egg at different time intervals, and the number of wasps that emerged from parasitized eggs were recorded. Results show that O. mirus prefers eggs of its primary host, B. hilaris, for oviposition over the alternate hosts tested regardless of whether the parasitoids were reared on the primary or alternate hosts. The percent parasitism in the first 2 h of exposure also was higher on B. hilaris eggs although it was not significantly different from T. pallidovirens eggs for parasitoids reared on B. hilaris and N. viridula eggs. For all parasitoid populations, the mean number of emerged wasps per host egg ranged from 0.9 to 1.1 with no significant differences. Bagrada hilaris eggs were significantly smaller than T. pallidovirens and N. viridula eggs and female wasps that emerged from B. hilaris eggs had significantly shorter body length and head width than those that emerged from T. pallidovirens and N. viridula eggs.Graphical Abstract
Association of Wellness practices in MS patients using self reported disability scores and MS characteristics (P3.229)

OBJECTIVE: To find a relationship between MS patient9s wellness practices(WP) , self-reported disability and clinical characteristics. BACKGROUND: MS patients seek optimal health and wellness. The age of the patient and their perceived disability may determine the variety and frequency of WP. Correlation between self-reported data and WP has not been reported. DESIGN/METHODS: MS patients were surveyed about WP. The variables of interest were: exercise, weight, supplements, nutritional practices, and stress management techniques. Charts were reviewed for: age, gender, dd and MSPS. Statistical analysis was conducted on the data. RESULTS: 122 surveys were completed, 80[percnt] female. The age range: 21 to 80 with a median of 52 years. MSPS score was 0 to 36, median of 11.5 and dd was 1 to 43 with a median of 11 years. Exercise frequency neither correlated with MSPS (Rho=0.044, P-value = 0.693) nor with dd (Rho=0.026, P-Value = 0.816). Patients exercised about 11 to 20 times per month, no correlation with age. A weak correlation was observed between dd and MSPS (Rho = 0.267, P-value = 0.006). Nutritional practices were similar as compared with the MSPS score and dd. 72[percnt] used a nutrition tool, healthy diet was preferred. Stress management tools were used by 76[percnt], and use increased with age and differed by sex. Supplements were used in 39[percnt] similar with gender and more common with increased age. CONCLUSIONS: WP use did not correlate with MSPS or dd, although a weak correlation between MSPS and dd was observed. WP variability increased with age. The majority of MS patients use nutrition, stress management and exercise as wellness tools. MS caregivers should be aware of MS patients use of WP is unpredictable by age, self-reports of disability or dd. This study is limited by small sample size. Study Supported by: CC Disclosure: Dr. Rensel has nothing to disclose. Dr. Fan has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baskar has nothing to disclose.
Implementation of a vision-screening program in rural northeastern United States

Background: Rural populations comprise almost 20% of the US population and face unique barriers in receiving health care. We describe the implementation of a medical student-run free vision-screening clinic as a strategy to overcome barriers in accessing eye care in New Hampshire and Vermont. Methods: Medical students were trained by an ophthalmologist to administer screening eye examinations. Patients from New Hampshire and Vermont were enrolled through a free community clinic. Screening included a questionnaire, distance and near visual acuity, extraocular movements, confrontational visual fields, and Amsler grid. Patients who met predetermined screening criteria were referred to an ophthalmologist or optometrist for further evaluation. Data including patient demographics, appointment attendance, level of education, and diagnoses were recorded and analyzed. Results: Of 103 patients (mean age of 45.5±12.3 years, 63% female), 74/103 (72%) were referred for further evaluation, and 66/74 (89%) attended their referral appointments. Abnormal ophthalmologic examination findings were observed in 58/66 (88%) patients who attended their referral appointment. Uncorrected refractive error was the most common primary diagnosis in 38% of referred patients. Other diagnoses included glaucoma suspect (21%), retinal diseases (8%), amblyopia (8%), cataract (6%), others (6%), and normal examination (12%). Of the 8/74 (11%) referred patients who did not attend their appointments, reasons included patient cancellation of appointment, work conflicts, or forgetfulness. Patients traveled a mean distance of 16.6 miles (range: 0–50 miles) to attend screening examinations. Mean time for patients’ last effort to seek eye care was 7.1 years (range: 1–54 years). Conclusion: This study underscores the high prevalence of unmet eye care needs in a rural population. Furthermore, it demonstrates that using community health centers as a patient base for screening can yield a high referral attendance rate for this at-risk population and facilitate entrance into the eye care system in a rural setting.
Linear Hypothesis: Regression (Basics)

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 13, pp. 8884–8888, © 2001, Elsevier Ltd.
Photochemistry of Transition Metal Complexes

Photochemistry has evolved into a powerful tool for the highly selective generation of reactive intermediates in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. This review examines the state of the art in the examination of mechanisms of photochemical reactions utilizing techniques such as frozen matrices and fast time-resolved methods. The application of photochemistry to the preparation of dihydrogen, alkane, and noble gas intermediates is reviewed along with the significance of these intermediates in the understanding of the mechanism of oxidative addition processes. Experiment and theory of charge transfer phenomena are extensively discussed along with the application of these processes to semiconductor and biochemical studies. Applications of photocrystallography to the examination of linkage isomers and very short-lived excited state species are reviewed. Finally, a number of examples of the application of photochemical reactions, such as the photolysis of Fisher carbene species to generate ketenelike intermediates, to synthesis are discussed. The literature is reviewed to the end of 2003. Keywords: organometallic photochemistry; inorganic photochemistry; metal to ligand charge transfer; metal–metal bond homolysis; radical reactions; bond heterolysis; linkage isomerism; photochemical ligand loss; dihydrogen complexes; agostic interactions; alkane complexes; noble gas complexes; photochemical cycloaddition; metal-mediated cycloaddition; photochemical Pauson–Khand reaction; photochemical catalysis initiation; CH activation; CH oxidative addition; cyclometallation; SiH activation; SiH oxidative addition; photochemical intermediates; matrix-isolation photochemistry; inert gas matrices; liquid inert gas solvent for photochemistry; supercritical gas photochemistry; time-resolved spectroscopy; picosecond spectroscopy; dft modeling of excited states; electrospray photochemistry; charge transfer DNA applications; DNA electron transport; protein charge transport; charge transfer to semiconductors; gas-phase photochemistry; Fisher carbene photochemistry; photochemical synthetic applications; femtosecond photochemistry; metal carbonyl photochemistry; metal nitrosyl photochemistry; metal diimine photochemistry; diimine charge transfer photochemistry; photoacoustic calorimetry; photochemical flow reactor; photochemical borylation; photochemical carbonylation; photochemistry of bimetallic compounds; photocrystallography; photopharmaceutical applications; Roussin's salts; Roussin's esters
Computational neurolinguistics: what is it all about?

Computational Neurolinguisties (CN) integrates artificial intelligence (AI) methods with concepts of neurally motivated processing to develop cognitive models of natural language processing. HOPE is one example of a model developed to address issues in CN. The model is parallel, and exemplifies language as the result of time synchronized processes which are asynchronous in nature. Furthermore, the model is substantially validated to include normal behavioral evidence in its design. In addition, it attends to aspects of language breakdown which are well documented in the literature of neurolinguistics or aphasia. This paper discusses assumptions which underlie the CN approach to model development. It will describe the neurally motivated or "natural computational" processes which produce the model's observable and verifiable behavioral results. The differences in the CN approach to other models of parallel memory process and behavior will be presented. Finally, the contribution of the CN research approach as a tool for investigating the breakdown of language performance and its potential contribution to understanding brain function will be discussed.
The physical phenomena responsible for excess noise in short-channel MOS devices

The physical phenomena responsible for the excess noise in short-channel MOS devices are explained based on the non-equilibrium noise theory. Comparing the MOS excess noise with the well known excess noise in a mesoscopic conductor, it is suggested that the physical origins of both are the same. Using this theory, it is proposed that the noise sources used in the impedance field method (IFM) should contain not only the usual thermal noise component, but also a partially suppressed shot noise term which accounts for the limited number of inelastic scattering events in the channel. The theoretical predictions of a simplified model based on this theory are presented and compared with the measurement results. It is shown both theoretically and experimentally that the non-equilibrium noise component is smaller when a larger gate to source voltage is applied. The accurate calculation of the suppression factor, which is in general a function of device terminal voltages, remains a challenge.
Engineering oncogenic kinases to activate apoptotic machinery: a novel rewiring of Bcr-Abl and PKCβII (TECH1P.862)

Oncogenic kinases are crucial for the development of several cancers and have become popular targets for small molecule based inhibitor therapy. However, despite the development of 2nd and 3rd generation inhibitors, resistance to this therapy remains a significant clinical obstacle. To overcome this resistance, we hypothesized that we could hijack oncogenic kinases to activate a rewired ‘pro-drug’, whose activation would lead to the death of the transformed cell. To test this, we selected Bcr-Abl as the oncogenic kinase, which is constitutively active and essential for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell survival. For our pro-drug we selected protein kinase C, isoform βII (PKCβII) whose activation has been shown to increase apoptosis in CML cells. To test whether we could engineer PKCβII as a pro-drug to be activated by Bcr-Abl, we designed four engineered PKCβII constructs and found that were specifically and significantly activated by Bcr-Abl, with no effect on intrinsic Bcr-Abl signaling observed. Activation of the PKCβII pro-drug resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis and a significant decrease in proliferation in Bcr-Abl+ leukemic cells with no effect on Bcr-Abl- cells. These findings demonstrate that Bcr-Abl mediated activation of our PKCβII pro-drug is feasible, induces death in leukemic cells, and provides a novel mechanism by which oncogenic kinases can be re-wired to activate pro-death agents to potentially improve patient outcomes.
DESIGN OF SERVICE SYSTEMS WITH FUNCTIONALLY FOCUSED FACILITIES

In this paper we present a mathematical model in study certain design dimensions of facility systems that provide a wide variety of services to a geographical area. Facilities of different types are defined on the basis of the services they provide. We maintain that providing all these services by use of such specialised for functionally differentiated) facilities will help achieve a greater degree of system efficiency, especially it different facility types are coordinated in the delivery of these services and in the use of resources. The problem of determining the numbers, sizes, and locations of these “focused” facility types is formulated as a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem. An approximate algorithm is given for the analysis of this model whose computational feasibility is discussed for actual applications. A hypothetical example is provided to illustrate the model and the solution method.
STRAIN-GAGE ANEMOMETER FOR ANALYZING VARIOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF WIND TURBULENCE

Abstract This article describes an apparatus composed of a strain-gage assembly, electrical amplifier, and recording oscillograph for measuring characteristics of wind turbulence of velocity-fluctuation frequencies up to 120 cy per sec. All parts but the strain-gage assembly are available commercially. Fluctuations of wind pressure and velocity were recorded along the x, y, and z axes for different wind velocities and various heights above surfaces of certain degrees of roughness in a wind tunnel and in the field, and the recorded data were analyzed to check the adaptability of the apparatus. Analyses indicated the presence of uniformly turbulent flow in the wind tunnel, but records from the field indicated a variably turbulent flow in which the larger scales of turbulence were superimposed on the smaller ones. No matter what type of turbulent flow, analyses indicated that the velocity fluctuations along the x, y, and z axes some distance above the ground were statistically distributed to fit the normal c...
Structural link analysis and prediction in microblogs

With hundreds of millions of participants, social media services have become commonplace. Unlike a traditional social network service, a microblogging network like Twitter is a hybrid network, combining aspects of both social networks and information networks. Understanding the structure of such hybrid networks and predicting new links are important for many tasks such as friend recommendation, community detection, and modeling network growth. We note that the link prediction problem in a hybrid network is different from previously studied networks. Unlike the information networks and traditional online social networks, the structures in a hybrid network are more complicated and informative. We compare most popular and recent methods and principles for link prediction and recommendation. Finally we propose a novel structure-based personalized link prediction model and compare its predictive performance against many fundamental and popular link prediction methods on real-world data from the Twitter microblogging network. Our experiments on both static and dynamic data sets show that our methods noticeably outperform the state-of-the-art.
DoD-Std-2167A and methodologies

Many experts in software engineering agree that the emerging iterative requirements engineering, software engineering and software design methodologies present excellent ways to identify and validate user requirements. These methodologies often include innovative techniques for elicitation and validation of user requirements including various forms of human engineering analysis, rapid prototyping, and knowledge acquisition tasks. This paper addresses the compatibility of these techniques with DoD-Std-2167A. Assessment is made regarding the compatibility of the standard with innovative requirements techniques, and how and where these techniques may be inserted into the life cycle.
The Kv1.1 null mouse, a model of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP)

Summary Objective Kv1.1 potassium channel null mouse (NULL) exhibits spontaneous seizure-related bradycardia, dies following seizure, and has been proposed as a model for vagus-mediated SUDEP. We characterized the cardiac events surrounding sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in NULL during terminal asystole for comparison to patients with epilepsy who exhibit bradycardia and terminal or nonterminal asystole during/following seizure and explored the contribution of vagal-mediated bradycardia to SUDEP. Methods Electrocardiography (ECG) studies of 27 freely moving telemetered NULL mice was evaluated surrounding seizure-associated death. Chronic unilateral vagal section and, in a separate set of experiments, electrical stimulation of the cervical vagi in NULL and wild-type (WT) littermates assessed the role of the vagus nerve in seizure-related death. Seizure activity indicated by intense myogenic activity on the ECG recording correlated with visual and video recording. Results All NULL died following seizures, which were preceded by normal rhythm. Bradycardia followed seizure and led to slow ventricular escape rhythm (70–150 bpm) and asystole. The sequence from seizure to asystole was complete within approximately 3 min and was similar to that reported in individuals exhibiting ictal and postictal bradycardia/asystole. To address the singular role of vagus nerves in seizure-related asystole, cervical vagus nerves were stimulated in the absence of seizure. Heart rate was reduced 3 min to values similar to that following seizure but never produced asystole, suggesting activation of the vagi alone is insufficient for SUDEP. Nevertheless, unilateral chronic section of the vagus nerve increased survival time compared to nonsectioned NULL animals, supporting a role for the vagus nerve in seizure-associated death. Significance The Kv1.1 null mouse is a potential model for SUDEP in patients who experience ictal and postictal bradycardia. It offers the opportunity for evaluation of the combination of factors, in addition to vagal activation, necessary to produce a terminal asystole following seizure. It is notable that long-term studies that evaluate electroencephalography (EEG) and cardiorespiratory events surrounding nonfatal seizures may provide indices predictive of terminal seizure.
Molecular cloning of the chicken c-cbl gene

Abstract Cbl is the proto-oncogene from which v-Cbl is derived. v-Cbl induces myeloid and B cell lymphoid malignancies in rodents. Cbl is a signaling molecule with multiple functional domains: an SH2 domain which binds phosphotyrosine residues, a RING finger domain which acts as a ubiquitin ligase, a proline-rich region which serves as a docking site for SH3-containing proteins, phosphotyrosine residues which serve as docking sites for SH2-containing proteins such a CrkL and the p85 subunit of PI 3-kinase, and a nuclear localization signal. Cbl-related molecules include Cbl-b and Cbl-c. While all three members contain the SH2 and Ring finger domains, Cbl-b is missing the aforementioned phosphotyrosine residues and Cbl-c is missing both the phosphotyrosine residues and the proline rich region. To determine more precisely the role of c-Cbl, we wished to analyze Cbl in DT40 cells lacking Cbl. Using primers based on human cDNA sequence, we cloned partial 5′ and 3′ cDNAs corresponding to Cbl from DT40 cells. By Northern blot analysis, a single 2.8 kB transcript was identified. To complete the cloning, the 3′ PCR fragment was then used to screen a chicken liver cDNA library. To date, no clones corresponding to Cbl-b or Cbl-c nor pseudo-genes have been identified in DT40 cells or chicken liver cDNA. The full-length sequence of chicken c-Cbl encodes a protein of 902 amino acids, with conserved tyrosine residues and a proline-rich region. Therefore, the DT40 cell system should be an excellent system to study the role of Cbl in BcR or cytokine signaling. Mutants of Cbl are being prepared for reconstitution studies in cb1-deficient cells.
Impact of maternal physical activity during gestation on porcine fetal, neonatal, and adolescent ovarian development

To determine how exercise from mid to late (days 40–104) gestation impacts offspring body, uterine and ovarian weight, and ovarian cell proliferation at three different developmental stages, Yorkshire gilts were either exercised by walking (EX) or not exercised (CON). In parity 1, ovaries and uteri were collected from the heaviest (H) and lightest (L) neonates and adolescent (6 mo) offspring. In parity 2, mothers were assigned the same treatment groups, and ovaries and uteri were collected from H and L fetuses on day 94 of gestation. Body weight was greater (P < 0.02) for H than L fetuses and neonates but not affected by EX treatment at any developmental stage. Ovarian weight in L but not H neonates was greater (P < 0.02) in EX than CON. Labeling index (LI; percentage of proliferating cells) was greater (P < 0.01) in cortex than medulla regions of fetal and neonatal ovaries. In fetal ovaries, EX enhanced LI (P < 0.01), and LI was greater (P < 0.01) in H compared with L offspring. In adolescent ovaries, LI was greatest (P < 0.01) in healthy antral and least in atretic antral follicles, and LI was greater (P < 0.01) in granulosa than theca cells of healthy antral follicles. Thus, exercise increased LI in fetal but not neonatal or adolescent ovaries. Although maternal exercise during gestation influences fetal and neonatal ovarian development, impacts on fertility remain unknown.
Evidence for a blue-shifting intramolecular hydrogen bond in the vibrational overtone spectrum of 1H-nonafluorobutane

Abstract We demonstrate that the gauche conformation of 1H-nonafluorobutane contains a blue-shifting intramolecular hydrogen bond by recording its 5th overtone spectrum with cavity ringdown spectroscopy and performing electronic structure calculations. The magnitude of the blue-shift is enhanced in the overtone spectrum as compared to the fundamental. The energy difference between the gauche conformer and the lowest energy zigzag conformer is calculated to be 288 cm−1 using density functional theory and determined to be 280 ± 30 cm−1 using temperature-dependent FTIR measurements. The –H⋯F– bonding interaction in the gauche conformer leads to changes in bond lengths as compared to the non-hydrogen bonded conformers.
Characterization of forward-directivity ground motions in the near-fault region

Abstract Ground motions close to a ruptured fault resulting from forward-directivity are significantly different than other ground motions. These pulse-type motions can place severe demands on structures in the near-fault region. To aid in the characterization of these special type of ground motions, a simplified parameterization is proposed based on a representative amplitude, pulse period, and number of significant pulses in the velocity–time history. Empirical relationships were developed for estimating the peak ground velocity (PGV) and period of the velocity pulse (Tv) of available forward-directivity motions. PGV in the near-fault region varies significantly with magnitude and distance. Additionally, the PGV for soil sites are systematically larger than those at rocks sites. Tv is a function of moment magnitude and site conditions with most of the energy being concentrated within a narrow-period band centered on the pulse period. Hence, lower magnitude events, which produce lower pulse periods, might produce more damaging ground motions for the stiff structures more common in urban areas.
Epidemiologic Studies of Behavioral Health Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Limited Impact or Limited Ability to Measure?

Two large-scale epidemiologic federal surveys conducted in the Gulf Coast following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill and intended to measure its impact on mental disorders and substance use found less dramatic results than had been anticipated. However, several smaller-scale studies conducted shortly after the spill did find increases in the prevalence of certain psychological problems among individuals surveyed. Previous federal studies conducted following two disasters—the destruction of the World Trade Center (WTC) and Hurricanes Katrina and Rita—found few statistically significant changes in behavioral disorders in the wake of those events, except for individuals displaced from their homes by Katrina for 2 weeks or more. In this commentary, the authors discuss questions raised by these mixed results regarding the limitations of such studies, the behavioral health impact of the Deepwater Horizon spill compared to disasters causing more widespread loss of life and destruction of property, and the ways in which data collection following disasters might be improved to benefit public health planners.
Linking Strategy, Structure, Process, and Performance in Integrated Logistics

The current research was undertaken to present and test a framework of supply chain logistics integration that synthesizes current logistics thought with an established theory of organizational design. The framework portrays performance as an outcome of appropriate alignment between strategy, structure, and processes. The results support the contention that a firm that pursues a relational strategy, develops information and measurement structures to support relational processes, and then uses these tools to implement and execute integrated operations will experience high levels of logistical performance. In addition, the results indicate that superior logistics performance is related to simultaneous integration of internal and external operational processes.
Exploiting Natural Variation of Secondary Metabolism Identifies a Gene Controlling the Glycosylation Diversity of Dihydroxybenzoic Acids in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant secondary metabolism is an active research area because of the unique and important roles the specialized metabolites have in the interaction of plants with their biotic and abiotic environment, the diversity and complexity of the compounds and their importance to human medicine. Thousands of natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana characterized with increasing genomic precision are available, providing new opportunities to explore the biochemical and genetic mechanisms affecting variation in secondary metabolism within this model species. In this study, we focused on four aromatic metabolites that were differentially accumulated among 96 Arabidopsis natural accessions as revealed by leaf metabolic profiling. Using UV, mass spectrometry, and NMR data, we identified these four compounds as different dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA) glycosides, namely 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (gentisic acid) 5-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3-O-β-D-glucoside, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 5-O-β-D-xyloside, and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid 3-O-β-D-xyloside. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping using recombinant inbred lines generated from C24 and Col-0 revealed a major-effect QTL controlling the relative proportion of xylosides vs. glucosides. Association mapping identified markers linked to a gene encoding a UDP glycosyltransferase gene. Analysis of Transfer DNA (T-DNA) knockout lines verified that this gene is required for DHBA xylosylation in planta and recombinant protein was able to xylosylate DHBA in vitro. This study demonstrates that exploiting natural variation of secondary metabolism is a powerful approach for gene function discovery.
Immunization of pregnant women with group B streptococcal type III capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine

Aim: To determine the safety and immunogenicity of group B streptococcal (GBS) type III CPS-TT conjugate vaccine in pregnant women. Methods: Prospective, randomized (2:1, vaccine:placebo), double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in women at 30–32 weeks’ gestation and their infants. Immune responses were measured with IgG-specific ELISA assays; killing of III GBS by 1- and 2-month infant sera was assessed by opsonophagocytosis. Results: Immunization was well-tolerated; maternal and infant outcomes were similar in vaccine and placebo groups. III-TT conjugate elicited good levels of IgG to III CPS that were functionally active against type III GBS through age 2 months. Conclusion: Maternal immunization with GBS CPS-TT conjugates could prevent maternal, neonatal and young infant GBS disease.
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for spontaneous hemopneumothorax

We operated on 403 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax between 1992 and 1996. Among these cases, 11 (2.7%) were spontaneous hemopneumothorax. The patients were all men, with ages ranging from 19 to 28 years (mean 23.8 years). The amount of blood drainage ranged from 650 to 2300 ml. Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was performed on these patients within 1 day after admission. The sources of bleeding were in the parietal and visceral pleurae of ruptured bullae (n = 6), the parietal pleura (n = 4), or the visceral pleura (n = 1). During operation, the ruptured bullae can be managed by an endoscopic linear stapler for a bullectomy, and the bleeding parietal pleura of the torn adhesion can be coagulated directly. Postoperative recovery of the 11 patients was uneventful, and they were discharged 4 to 10 days after the operation. No recurrence of spontaneous hemopneumothorax or any other complications occurred during follow-up. Thus spontaneous hemopneumothorax can be readily managed by cauterizing a bleeding site where appropriate, excising the apicocystic disease, and pleurodesis. As a minimally invasive method, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery may be considered an initial treatment procedure in patients with spontaneous hemopneumothorax.
A surface acoustic wave sensor study of polyimide thin film surface treatments - effect on water uptake

The effects of surface treatments on the water uptake in thin (1 μm) polyimide (PI) films were studied using a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), external reflectance infrared (ERIR) spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements. Surface modification of PI films can affect film properties such as water uptake and adhesion. These properties, in turn, affect the performance and reliability of the devices in which these films are used. The ability to nondestructively study the results of various surface modification techniques in situ, prior to deposition of a metal layer for example, would be of particular benefit in the fabrication process. The results of this work indicate that the SAW sensor can measure extremely small amounts (< 0.003 μg) of water uptake in thin (1.2 μm) PI films. Also, that the water uptake of PI films, as measured by the SAW sensor, is particularly sensitive to sputter cleaning, sputtering/ KOH, and Teflon AF surface treatment. The SAW, XPS, ERI...
Confronting the Marginalization of Culturally Responsive Pedagogy

Globally, over the last two decades, attention to culturally responsive, multicultural approaches to teaching have largely been supplanted by standardized curricula and pedagogy that derive from ne...
Growth impacts of Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt on Pinus oocarpa Schiede in Honduras

The mistletoe Psittacanthus angustifolius Kuijt (Loranthaceae) severely parasitizes Pinus oocarpa Schiede in southern Mexico and Central America causing growth loss and increased mortality of severely infected trees. The objectives of this study were to use stem analysis to evaluate the impacts of P. angustifolius on P. oocarpa in terms of height and volume growth of individual trees in Honduras and to evaluate a five-class mistletoe rating system for predicting the effects of this mistletoe on the growth of P. oocarpa. Two study sites in Honduras were selected based on incidence and severity of mistletoe infection. Thirteen dominant or codominant trees from each of three true mistletoe rating (TMR) classes: 0, no infection; 2, moderate infection; and 4, severe infection were selected. Stem analysis was conducted on the 78 selected trees to determine their height increment, volume increment, and specific volume increment. To evaluate growth reductions, each infected tree was paired with a healthy tree from the same site by height at time of infection for periodic height increment, age for periodic specific volume increment, and by volume at time of infection for periodic volume increment. To evaluate the mistletoe rating system 95% confidence intervals were constructed to compare means for height and volume increments between mistletoe infection classes for the last year of growth. Growth losses of over 50% were observed in terms of periodic volume increment and periodic specific volume increment during the last 3-year period prior to sampling for trees in TMR class 4 from both sites. Analysis of the effectiveness of the mistletoe rating system for predicting growth losses produced inconsistent results between sites because duration of infection, which was not a component of the rating system, influenced growth losses.