cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coping With Obesity Stigma Affects Depressed Mood in African-American and White Candidates for Bariatric Surgery

Depressed mood in severely obese, bariatric surgery-seeking candidates is influenced by obesity stigma, yet the strategies for coping with this stigma are less well understood. This study hypothesized that coping strategies are significantly associated with depressed mood above and beyond demographic factors and frequency of weight-related stigma, with specific coping strategies differing between racial groups. Severely obese, bariatric surgery-seeking adults (N = 234; 91 African Americans) completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Stigmatizing Situations Inventory (SSI). Two hierarchical linear regressions were conducted separately for African Americans and whites. For both racial groups, age, sex, BMI, years overweight, annual income, and education level did not account for a significant portion of the variance in BDI scores. The frequency of stigmatizing situations and coping strategies significantly explained 16.4% and 33.2%, respectively, of the variance for whites, and 25.9% and 25%, respectively, for African Americans (P < 0.001). Greater depressed mood in whites was associated with older age, lower education, fewer positive self-statements, and less self-love and more crying; while in African Americans greater depressed mood was associated only with ignoring the situation (P < 0.05). The study found that regardless of race, depressed mood in severely obese, bariatric surgery-seeking clients is related to the frequency of stigmatizing experiences and associated coping strategies. This suggests that efforts to reduce the deleterious effects of weight-related stigma need to focus both on reducing the frequency of stigmatization and on teaching effective coping strategies. These efforts also need to take into account the client's racial background.
The interactions of prostaglandins with the sympathetic nervous system—a review

In most isolated tissues, prostaglandins, particularly of the E-series, inhibit stimulated norepinephrine release from prejunctional nerve endings and inhibit sympathetic neurotransmission. They may also modulate the response of target organs to the neurotransmitter. In some tissues PGE enhances the response to norepinephrine. It appears that the effect of PGE on norepinephrine release is mediated by restriction of calcium availability at the nerve ending, although this mechanism is incompletely understood. Prostaglandins other than PGE do not appear to play a major role in the modulation of norepinephrine release. In the intact organism, prostaglandins facilitate norepinephrine release. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis causes a decrease in norepinephrine release. It is not clear if the effects in vivo are mediated by a direct action of prostaglandins or through baroreceptor reflex mechanisms.
Monte Carlo Calculation of Single Pion Production by Pions

A phenomenological calculation of single pion production in a pion-nucleon collision has been made using a $\frac{3}{2}$, $\frac{3}{2}$ isobaric nucleon model and a Monte Carlo type of calculation on a high-speed digital computer. The results are in good agreement with observations of pion production for incident pion energies of approximately 1.0 and 1.5 Bev.
An evaluation of three revascularization procedures in the rehabilitation of the coronary patient.

1. (1) We have presented 36 cases of severe coronary artery disease treated by surgical procedures—cardiopexy, internal mammary artery ligation, and Beck I operation. 2. (2) Clinical improvement was noted in 30 of the 36 cases (83 per cent). Excellent results (complete or almost complete disappearance of angina) occurred in half the patients. 3. (3) Objective evidence of improvement as measured by the electrocardiograms and ballis-tocardiograms in several cases is presented. 4. (4) The internist and cardiologist should recognize that improvement may be offered by surgical technics in the treatment of coronary artery disease.
Surgical Management of Lung Bud Anomalies: Lobar Emphysema, Bronchogenic Cyst, Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation, and Intralobar Pulmonary Sequestration

Abstract Recently we saw 9 infants with life-threatening respiratory distress. Four patients had bronchogenic cyst, 2 had cystic adenomatoid malformation, and 9 had congenital labor emphysema. Another group of 14 older children had recurrent infection and hemodynamic abnormalities, which responded to operative intervention. Each child required an appropriate resection following definitive diagnosis. These lesions represent a spectrum of closely related anomalies that arise during an early stage of embryonic lung bud maturation. Bronchoscopy is rarely useful, but special roentgenographic studies, including perfusion scans and arteriography, are usually diagnostic. Our operative experience is used to emphasize the urgency of precise diagnosis and surgical management of this poorly recognized clinical syndrome.
Health Care Voluntourism: Addressing Ethical Concerns of Undergraduate Student Participation in Global Health Volunteer Work

The popularity and availability of global health experiences has increased, with organizations helping groups plan service trips and companies specializing in "voluntourism," health care professionals volunteering their services through different organizations, and medical students participating in global health electives. Much has been written about global health experiences in resource poor settings, but the literature focuses primarily on the work of health care professionals and medical students. This paper focuses on undergraduate student involvement in short term medical volunteer work in resource poor countries, a practice that has become popular among pre-health professions students. We argue that the participation of undergraduate students in global health experiences raises many of the ethical concerns associated with voluntourism and global health experiences for medical students. Some of these may be exacerbated by or emerge in unique ways when undergraduates volunteer. Guidelines and curricula for medical student engagement in global health experiences have been developed. Guidelines specific to undergraduate involvement in such trips and pre-departure curricula to prepare students should be developed and such training should be required of volunteers. We propose a framework for such guidelines and curricula, argue that universities should be the primary point of delivery even when universities are not organizing the trips, and recommend that curricula should be developed in light of additional data.
Pseudo-facilitation of conditioned avoidance by interposed insulin hypoglycemia☆

Abstract Following the procedure of Gellhorn and Minatoya, insulin hypoglycemia is induced in two groups of 8 rats after they are trained until they make two successive CARs in a shuttlebox. Those rats who receive massed, no more than 20 trials per day, pretreatment training give more CARs after treatment than a similarly trained saline control group. This result agrees with the one reported by the above authors. However, when the hypoglycemia is induced in rats who received spaced pretreatment training of not more than two trials per day, the experimental animals give fewer CARs than similarly pretrained control animals. The latter result is at variance with the one reported by the above authors. A disinhibitory and deleterious role, rather than a facilitating one for hypoglycemia is hypothesized. Some aspects of Hull's behavior system are seen as relevant to experiments which claim learning facilitation. The conditions which warrant the use of facilitation as a construct in learning studies are briefly examined.
Synthetic data generation of high resolution, hyperspectral data using DIRSIG

Remote sensing often utilizes models to predict the ability of an optical system to collect data optimally prior to costly sensor testing and manufacturing. Significant effort is required to create an accurate model, and therefore most designs focus on either radiometric or spatial precision rather than a combination of the two. We present a case study in which a model has been created to satisfy both radiometric and spatial fidelity requirements. Terrain, vegetation, targets and other components of the model were designed with high precision. Hyperspectral imagery was generated using the Digital Imaging and Remote Sensing Image Generation Model (DIRSIG) based on numerous spectral and spatial ground-truth measurements. These included spectral reflectance of targets and the environment, atmospheric variables, as well as geometry and distribution of objects within the scene. Imagery was collected by airborne systems for accuracy assessment. The generated data has been validated by qualitative evaluation of the spectral characteristics and comparisons of results from PC transform and the RX anomaly detection algorithm. Validation results indicate that the model achieved a desired level of accuracy.
Role of cell division in the cytodifferentiation of rat heart cells in culture.

Summary BrdU and irradiation with visible light eliminates dividing cells from rat heart cell cultures. The lethal effect of light on the cultures is dependent upon the prior integration of BrdU into the DNA. Elimination of dividing cells is shown by the decreased uptake of 3H TdR in the remaining cells. Cultures in which the dividing cells were eliminated displayed a loss in myosin ATPase activity and a decrease in the rate of myosin ATPase activity increase, normally seen in control cultures. These results are consistent with the existence of cells at three stages of development; premyoblasts, which divide and contain no myosin; myoblasts which divide and contain myosin; and myocytes, which cannot divide and contain myosin. The results also indicate that the increase in myosin ATPase activity normally seen in heart cell cultures is a result of an increase in myosin in fully developed cells and in the increase in the number of cells capable of synthesizing myosin.
Endermologie after external ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty (EUAL) versus EUAL alone.

Background: Endermologie, despite its moderate success in the temporary reduction of the appearance of cellulite, has proven unsuccessful compared with lipoplasty for body contouring. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether a body contouring program combining Endermologie with lipoplasty would produce better long-term body contouring results than lipoplasty alone. Methods: A prospective study comparing 2 closely matched, nonrandomized groups of 25 women each was conducted. Those in group 1 underwent external ultrasound-assisted lipoplasty (EUAL) to the superficial and deep subcutaneous areas of the flanks, hips, and thighs, followed in 10 days by a 20-week Endermologie course. Those in group 2 underwent only EUAL to the superficial and deep subcutaneous areas of the flanks, hips, and thighs. Patient evaluation preoperatively and 9 months postoperatively included standardized 35-mm photography; standardized circumferential body measurements of the waist, hips, thighs, knees, and calves; and body composition analysis. Patient satisfaction was assessed through the use of a questionnaire. Results: No significant complications were noted in either group. The average volume of aspirate in the 2 groups was not significantly different (group 1, 2000 mL; group 2, 2100 mL), nor were the results of standard circumferential body measurements and body composition analysis. There was, however, a reduction in the rates of subsequent revisional surgery in the 2 groups (revision rates: group 1, 4%; group 2, 12%). The results of objective blind grading demonstrated no statistically significant difference (P = .30) in body contouring between the 2 groups (group 1, 92% improvement; group 2, 87% improvement). However, a statistically significant (P < .005) difference was noted for reduction in the appearance of cellulite between the 2 groups (group 1, 50% improvement; group 2, 0% improvement). Patient satisfaction was 96% in group 1 and 92% in group 2. Conclusions: Endermologie after EUAL improves postoperative results with respect to reduction in the appearance of cellulite and reduces the rate of subsequent revision but demonstrates no significant improvement over EUAL alone with respect to body contour improvement.
Na+ affinities of gas-phase amino acids by ligand exchange equilibrium

Abstract Ligand exchange equilibrium in the Fourier-transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance ion trap was used to compare Na + ion attachment free energies of the amino acids Gly, Ala, Val, Pro, Cys, Ser, Asn, His, Phe, and Trp, along with the reference compounds pyridine (Pyr), methylalanine (MeAla), and methylvaline (MeVal). Attachment entropies were estimated, including dynamical and conformational components, and the free energies were converted to attachment enthalpies (Na + affinities). The results were compared with those from a concurrent study [Int. J. Mass Spectrom. (2003) in press] using the “kinetic method” of competitive ligand dissociation. For Gly, Val, Cys, Ser, Phe, and Trp, the affinities relative to Ala from these two methods are in good agreement, and are also in accord with available theoretical estimates. The Na + affinity of Pro from equilibrium attachment is lower by 20 kJ mol −1 than that from kinetic method detachment. This is believed to reflect the fact that neutral gas-phase Pro has a preferred non-zwitterionic structure, whose Na + affinity is lower than the zwitterionic form which is presumed to be formed in the electrospray source used in the kinetic method experiment. The affinity of His from the present study is lower by 35 kJ mol −1 than the kinetic method study, and it is speculated that this might reflect a predominance of the low-affinity tautomer of His in the gas phase. Considering the present results (anchored to a literature value for Pyr) and other recent experiments, we agree with Kish et al.’s assignment of the absolute affinity of Gly as 161±8 kJ mol −1 for the absolute anchoring of the affinity scale. New DFT/B3P86 computations of the affinities of these amino acids (as well as Asn) are reported, and compared with experiment.
Influence of a non-magnetic interlayer on the magnetic anisotropy of ultra-thin Co sandwiches

Abstract We have studied the magnetic anisotropy of MBE-grown X/Y/Co/Au thin film structures. For an interlayer wedge of Y  Au on a X  Cu buffer, we find a minimum in the perpendicular anisotropy (PA) at ∼ 1 atomic layer (ML). In the reverse case (Y  Cu on a X  Au buffer), we observed an exponential decrease of PA with increasing thicknesses of the Cu interlayer.
Unjust Deserts: How the Rich are Taking Our Common Inheritance

Unjust Deserts: How the Rich are Taking Our Common Inheritance Gar Alperovitz & Lew Daly New York, The New Press, 2008, 230 pp., $24.95 hardcover ISBN 978-1-59558-402-1 It has become conventional w...
Determination of Anisotropic Relaxation Times in Copper by Cyclotron Resonance

A theoretical and experimental technique has been developed for the study of conduction-electron relaxation times in metals through the use of cyclotron resonance spectra in single crystals. The relaxation times of electrons in two orbits in a magnetic field in copper have been compared in two specimens of differing purity. One orbit is the [111] "belly" ($B$); the other orbit is one which was first seen in this study and is attributed to the "six-cornered rosette" ($R$). Computer programs have been written to curve-fit data to the nonlinear functions describing the experimental spectra which contain effective masses in the ratio $\frac{{{m}_{R}}^{*}}{{{m}_{B}}^{*}}=1.12$. The experimental results give $\frac{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{B}}{{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{R}}=1.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5$ for the ratio of the impurity relaxation times when each sample has the same scattering anisotropy.
Tolerance to opiate reward: role of midbrain IRS2-Akt pathway.

Addicts report that opiate drugs lose their rewarding effects over time, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect are unknown. A study now reports that tolerance to morphine reward in rats is due to downregulation of IRS2-Akt signaling in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the cell body region of the mesolimbic dopamine reward system.
College students’ news gratifications, media use, and current events knowledge

This study tests uses and gratifications theory with 1209 college students. The results find that students’ media use and surveillance needs increase with year in college. Consistent with uses and gratifications theory, demographic differences and the gratifications sought drive news media use. More precisely, increasing surveillance needs results in increased use of all news media, while entertainment needs result in television news and CNN viewing. Only print media and CNN use, however, are related to current events knowledge.
Role of sialylation in determining the pharmacokinetics of neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF) in the Fischer 344 rat.

1. Recombinant neutrophil inhibitory factor (NIF) is a glycoprotein. Its amino acid sequence remains constant and has a molecular weight of 28.9 kD. However, approximately 40% of the total molecular weight consists of glycans with variable structure. 2. The pharmacokinetics of 11 different NIF batches with varying extents and patterns of sialylation have been investigated in the Fischer 344 rat following intravenous administration. These data indicate that reducing the extent of NIF sialylation reduces the half-life of the molecule due to an increase in the systemic clearance. Also, an increase in the number of unsialylated or neutral glycans may increase the volume of distribution of NIF, although this effect is marginal. 3. Isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) investigations have shown that sialylated NIF has a low hepatic extraction ( 20-fold higher. Co-administration of asialo NIF with asialo fetuin (a protein cleared by hepatic asialoglycoprotein receptor (possibly galactose)-mediated uptake reduced the hepatic extraction of asialo NIF. 4. These data suggest that NIF molecules that have free sugar moieties (possibly galactose) interact with an asialoglycoprotein receptor (possibly galactose-mediated) in the liver (parenchymal cells/hepatocytes). Interaction with this receptor leads to cellular internalization and degradation.
Improved Coarse-Grained Modeling of Cholesterol-Containing Lipid Bilayers

Cholesterol trafficking, which is an essential function in mammalian cells, is intimately connected to molecular-scale interactions through cholesterol modulation of membrane structure and dynamics and interaction with membrane receptors. Since these effects of cholesterol occur on micro- to millisecond time scales, it is essential to develop accurate coarse-grained simulation models that can reach these time scales. Cholesterol has been shown experimentally to thicken the membrane and increase phospholipid tail order between 0 and 40% cholesterol, above which these effects plateau or slightly decrease. Here, we showed that the published MARTINI coarse-grained force-field for phospholipid (POPC) and cholesterol fails to capture these effects. Using reference atomistic simulations, we systematically modified POPC and cholesterol bonded parameters in MARTINI to improve its performance. We showed that the corrections to pseudobond angles between glycerol and the lipid tails and around the oleoyl double bond ...
Increase in the effectiveness of melphalan therapy with progression of MOPC-315 plasmacytoma tumor growth

Following inoculation with 1×106 MOPC-315 tumor cells, a single injection of a very low dose of melphalan (l-PAM, l-phenylalanine mustard), 0.75 mg/kg, cured most of the mice bearing a day 11 large primary tumor (20 mm) and metastases, but failed to cure mice bearing a day 4 nonpalpable tumor. Treatment of mice bearing a nonpalpable tumor with the very low dose of drug compromised the ability of the mice to respond effectively to the same low dose of drug when the tumor became large (day 12). However, a nonpalpable tumor could be eradicated by treatment of tumor bearers with a low dose of l-PAM, if it was present concomitantly with a large tumor on the contralateral side. A high dose of l-PAM, 15 mg/kg, cured mice bearing either a nonpalpable or a large tumor. The eradication of the tumor induced by the high dose of l-PAM appeared to be due solely to the tumoricidal effect of the drug. On the other hand, the eradication of the tumor by the low dose of l-PAM also required the participation of antitumor immunity of the host, since subsequent injection of antithymocyte serum abrogated the curative effect of the drug in most mice. Mice cured by a high dose of l-PAM were not resistant to subsequent lethal tumor challenge. In contrast, mice cured by the low dose of l-PAM were able to reject a tumor challenge of 300 times the minimal lethal tumor dose. The results obtained with l-PAM therapy are similar to the results that we had previously reported with cyclophosphamide therapy. Thus, the timing of therapy with a low dose of drug for mice bearing a MOPC-315 tumor is critical for successful therapy. Moreover, the selection of a low dose rather than a high dose of drug to eradicate a large tumor offers the advantage that it results in long-lasting potent antitumor immunity as a consequence of the participation of host antitumor immunity in the eradication of the tumor.
Stellar electron capture rates and the 54Fe(n, p) experiment☆

Abstract Limits on stellar electron capture rates are estimated for 54Fe, 55Fe, 53Mn, 59Co, and 60Co using the results of the recent (n, p) experiment upon 54Fe. It is found that the rates currently used in stellar evolution codes of massive stars are not within these limits and can be different by as much as a factor of six in astrophysically relevant regions. These differences are the result of differing treatments of the Gamow-Teller strength in iron-peak elements. The sensitivity of the stellar electron capture rates to uncertainties in the Gamow-Teller strength function is explored. These uncertainties result from the paucity of information about Gamow-Teller strength functions and from experimental uncertainties.
⁎3338 A prospective study of prokinetics in peg-based bowel lavage for colonoscopy.

Background The ideal regimen for colonoscopy preparation would be inexpensive, safe, easily administered and tolerated, and would reliably cleanse the colon of solid material. Towards this end, many institutions have modified the conventional PEG regimen by addition of prokinetic agents such as metoclopramide and cisapride. These agents promote gastric emptying and, in the case of cisapride, colonic motility which should enhance patient tolerance and compliance. One study compared PEG lavage with and without metoclopramide and found no difference in effectiveness or tolerability. A study of PEG with and without cisapride found a decrease in the volume of PEG required to achieve adequate preparation. There have not been any trials comparing metoclopramide and cisapride. Aims To compare patient tolerance and adequacy of preparation with three PEG based colonoscopy regimens, PEG alone, or PEG with metoclopramide or cisapride. Methods We enrolled 120 patients scheduled for outpatient colonoscopy. Patients were randomized to one of three regimens (Group A: PEG and cisapride, Group B: PEG alone, and Group C: PEG and metoclopramide). Prior to colonoscopy, patients completed a questionnaire using a visual analog scale (0-10) to assess interference with daily routine, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. The quality of the preparation and depth of insertion of the colonoscope were graded by the endoscopist. Results Ninety-one patients completed the study, with an even distribution of patients between groups. The groups were well matched for age and sex. Using the ANOVA with Bonferroni's correction of the post test, there was no statistically significant difference in interference with daily routine (4.5, 5.9, 4.2 for groups A, B, and C, respectively), abdominal pain (2.9, 3.8, 3.1), nausea (2.3, 3.6, 1.8) vomiting (1.2, 0.9, 0.8) and dizziness (1.2, 1.8. 1.0). In regards to adequacy of preparation and depth of insertion there was no difference between the three groups. When statistical analysis was performed using a Student's t test to compare PEG alone (Group B) with PEG and any prokinetic agent (Groups A and C combined), a statistically significant difference was noted in favor of the addition of a prokinetic agent in the severity of nausea and the depth of insertion. Conclusion Addition of any prokinetic agent slightly but significantly improves the patient's toleration of precolonoscopy preparation with PEG, and adequacy of the examination. There was a nonsignificant trend favoring metoclopramide over cisapride.
Developmental Chaetotaxy of a Paedomorphic Celaenopsoid, Neotenogynium malkini n.g., n.sp. (Acari: Parasitiformes: Neotenogyniidae, n. fam.) Associated with Millipedes

Descriptions are given of the developmental stages of Neotenogynium malkini n.g., n.sp., an associate of spirostreptid millipedes. The developmental chaetotaxy is described. A new family, Neotenogyniidae, is erected for this species. Many paedomorphic features of the species are interpreted as neotenic character states. The relationship of Neotenogyniidae to the other families within the Celaenopsoidea is discussed.
Ethinamate (valmid) in dentistry.

Abstract A double-blind study with ethinamate and a placebo was performed, with 114 patients receiving ethinamate and 98 receiving placebo. Ethinamate was judged by both operators and patients to be of definite value. The dosage of ethinamate used in the study was one tablet, 500 mg.
Investigation of the Properties of Electrochemically Deposited Semiconductor Materials for Thermoelectric Applications

At JPL, it is our desire to fabricate thermoelectric micro-devices for power generation and cooling applications using an electrochemical deposition (ECD) technique. We believe that the performance of our current micro-device developed is limited by the properties of the ECD materials. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop ECD methods for obtaining n-type Bi2Te3 and p-type Bi2-xSbxTe3 thermoelectric materials with near bulk properties, as well as optimizing morphology and transport properties. The films of Bi2Te3 and Bi2-xSbxTe3 were initially obtained under various ECD conditions. Seebeck coefficients and transport properties were then measured along the direction parallel to the substrates before and after annealing at 250oC for 2hrs. From the data obtained, ECD n-Bi2Te3 material can achieve a high Seebeck coefficient (-189 μV/K) when it is deposited at −200 mV vs. SCE. The in-plane resistivity, in-plane mobility, and carrier concentration are 3.0 mohm-cm, 31 cm2 V−1 S−1, and 6.79 x 1019 cm−3, respectively. As for the p-type Bi2-xSbxTe3, it is possible to achieve a high Seebeck coefficient (+295 μV/K) when it is deposited at 0.3 mA/cm2. The in-plane resistivity, in-plane mobility, and carrier concentration are 9.8374 mohm-cm, 66.58 cm2 V−1 S−1, and 9.54 × 1018 cm−3, respectively. From the results of our preliminary study, we have found the conditions for depositing high quality Bi2Te3 and Bi2-xSbxTe3 materials with thermoelectric properties comparable to those of their state-of-the-art bulk samples.
The Role of Doubt in Religious Identity Development and Psychological Maturity

The need to develop a strong religious identity has concerned clergy and educators for many years. However, how religious identity development occurs has seldom been analyzed or used to guide educators' efforts to promote identity development in their students. This discussion delves into the framework of identity development as described by Marcia in 1966 and illustrates parallel processes for the development of religious identity. The characteristics of each stage that Marcia proposed are described and the construct of doubt is analyzed as an essential factor for successful identity achievement. Educational interventions are proposed for creating school environments that promote, rather than inhibit, religious identity development.
735 ISOLATION OF A HUMAN SERUM FACTOR AFFECTING UROPOD BEARING T LYMPHOCYTES

We have shown that a high molecular weight factor present in plasma and serum reduced the number of human T lymphocytes exhibiting the motile configuration. In contrast, B lymphocyte morphology was not affected. The activity of this factor was abolished by pepsin or trypsin, and significantly diminished by phospholipase C. Neuraminidase, phospholipase A, phospholipase D or heparin induced serum lipase activity did not change the activity of the inhibitor. Antisera to human β-lipoprotein was capable of removing most of the inhibitory activity from normal human serum. Gel filtration of serum with sephadex G-200 and Bio-Gel A-5M suggested that the molecular weight of this factor was approximately 1-2 × 106 daltons. The inhibitory material was isolated from serum by the following procedures: 1)precipitation by heparin and magnesium chloride; 2)sequetial flotation by ultracentrifugation; and 3)affinity chromaography on concanavalin A-sepharose 4B columns. The inhibitor appears to be a lipoprotein residing in the LDL2 lipoprotein fraction (density 1.030-1.073 g/dl) that is not retained on concanavalin A-sepharose 4B columns. Our studies indicated that the lipoprotein which regulates T cell morphology is distinct from those which inhibit PHA stimulation of human lymphocytes and E-rosette formation.
Equivalence of methods for the summation of double sequences

Abstract In 1900 Pringsheim presented the following notion of convergence for double sequences: a double sequence [ x ] converges to L provided that given ϵ > 0 there exists K ∈ N such that | x k , l − L | ϵ whenever k , l > K . Using this definition Robison and Hamilton, in 1926 and 1936, respectively, presented the following definition for the regularity of four dimensional matrices. A four dimensional matrix A is regular if it maps every bounded convergent sequence into a convergent sequence with the same limit. These notions shall be used to present simple conditions to ensure that T m , n = ∑ k , l = 0 , 0 m , n a m , n , k , l x k , l and σ m , n = ∑ k , l = 0 , 0 ∞ , ∞ a m , n , k , l x k , l are included by convergence.
Acquisition of acoustic startle shows a dose-response to serum free T4

Abstract Methimazole, administered to rats in drinking water (0.1 and 0.05%) from embryonic day 17 to postnatal day 10, caused a dose-dependent decrease in serum Free T 4 and an accompanying dose-dependent delay in acquisition of acoustic startle reflex. In conjunction with other studies showing the specific dependence of acoustic startle development on thyroid hormone, this study suggests that the acoustic startle system may be a useful model for determining thyroid hormone requirements for normal neurologic development.
Nonconfinement at high temperatures

SU(2) lattice gauge theories in two or more space dimensions with any value of the bare coupling are shown rigorously to possess a nonconfining phase at sufficiently high temperature.
A [Cyclentetrakis(methylene)]tetrakis[2-hydroxybenzamide] Ligand That Complexes and Sensitizes Lanthanide(III) Ions

1 (Ln¼ Gd, Tb, Yb, and Eu) reveal changes of the UV/VIS-absorption, circular-dichroism-absorption, luminescence, and circularly polar- ized luminescence spectra. It is shown that at least two metal-complex species are present in solution, whose relative amounts are pH dependent. At pH > 8.0, an intense long-lived emission is observed (for (TbL 1 ) and (YbL 1 )), while at pH < 8.0, a weaker, shorter-lived species predominates. Unconventional LnIII emitters (Pr, Nd, Sm, Dy, and Tm) were sensitized in basic solution, both in the VIS and in the near- IR, to measure the emission of these ions.
Systematic study of stacking fault energies of random Al-based alloys

Abstract We have determined intrinsic stacking fault energies, formation energies and structural energies differences for Al–X alloys, where X=Cu, Ag or Mg, from self-consistent electronic structure calculations, using the Layer Korringa Kohn Rostoker method within the coherent potential approximation. We find that the intrinsic stacking fault energy is almost equal to twice the energy difference between the h.c.p. and f.c.c. structures, which indicates that the inter-atomic interactions that are relevant for the structural properties are of short-range. A modified rigid band model is used to understand the origin of the non-linear variation of the stacking fault energy in Al–Cu and Al–Ag with composition. For the Al–Zn system we show that conclusions drawn from the rigid band model hold for any system in which Al is alloyed with an element that has a filled d-band.
Sources of CEO Power and Firm Financial Performance: A Longitudinal Assessment:

The chief executive officer (CEO) is generally regarded as the most powerful organizational member. Attributions regarding the potential effect of a strong CEO on firm financial performance are common in both the academic literature and popular press. The oft-made assumption is that a powerful CEO will impact firm performance. The anticipated direction of this influence, however, has not been uniformly established. Moreover, we are not aware of any direct empirical assessment of the relationship between CEO power and firm financial performance. We are also intrigued by the potential for reciprocal effects—firm performance impacts the level of CEO’s power. Our review of the literature demonstrates no empirical attention to this possibility. This study relies on a four-wave panel design to assess the nature of the relationship between CEO power and firm performance. Results of LISREL analysis demonstrate that aspects of CEO power and financial performance are, in fact, interrelated. Performance was found to...
Molecular microbial community structure of the Regenerative Enclosed Life Support Module Simulator air system

The Regenerative Enclosed Life Support Module Simulator (REMS) was designed to simulate the conditions aboard the International Space Station (ISS). This unique terrestrial, encapsulated environment for humans and their associated organisms allowed investigations into the microbial communities within an enclosed habitat system, primarily with respect to diversity, phylogeny and the possible impact on human health. To assess time- and/or condition-dependent changes in microbial diversity within REMS, a total of 27 air samples were collected during three consecutive months. The microbial burden and diversity were elucidated using culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods. The results indicate that during controlled conditions the total microbial burden detected by culture-dependent techniques (below a detectable level to 102 cells m−3 of air) and intracellular ATP assay was significantly low (102–103 cells m−3 of air), but increased during the uncontrolled post-operation phase (∼104 cells m−3 of air). Only Gram-positive and α-proteobacteria grew under tested culture conditions, with a predominant occurrence of Methylobacterium radiotolerans, and Sphingomonas yanoikuyae. Direct DNA extraction and 16S rDNA sequencing methodology revealed a broader diversity of microbes present in the REMS air (51 species). Unlike culture-dependent analysis, both Gram-positive and proteobacteria were equally represented, while members of a few proteobaterial groups dominated (Rhodopseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Acidovorax, Ralstonia, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, and Psychrobacter). Although the presence of several opportunistic pathogens warrants further investigation, the results demonstrated that routine maintenance such as controlling the humidity, crew’s daily cleaning, and air filtration were effective in reducing the microbial burden in the REMS.
Vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior for the propane-acetone system at elevated pressures

The vapor-liquid phase behavior of the propane-acetone system under equilibrium conditions has been established experimentally at 325, 350, 375, 400 and 425 K. Under these conditions pressures up to 4666.4 kPa (676.8 psia) were obtained. The composition of the vapor and liquid phases in equilibrium, in conjunction with data available in the literature for the critical state behavior of this system, has permitted the establishment of the complete vapor-liquid equilibrium behavior of the propane-acetone system for temperatures ranging from 325 K up to the critical temperature of acetone (Tc = 508.1 K). The K-constants resulting from this experimental study when related to pressure produced isothermal relationships that follow a normal behavior and which do not exhibit any azeotropic tendencies.
Mouse nervous tissue iso-antigens.

MUCH work has been done on experimental auto-immunization with nervous tissues, and the relation of the resulting pathology to that found in demyelinative diseases of the human nervous system1. Furthermore, the existence of organ-specific lipid haptens has long been recognized; recently, Joffe, Rapport and Graf have identified one of these haptens as a galactocerebroside2. No strain-specific iso-antigens were described by these authors1,2.
Multiple Identity Considerations among African American Christian Men Experiencing Same-Sex Attraction

The authors explored the experiences of African American men who identified as Christian and experienced same-sex attraction. Participants completed an online questionnaire addressing experiences of same-sex attraction; meaning attributed to their attractions; the sharing of their experiences with others; and perceptions regarding the intersection of their faith, race, and sexual identity. Most respondents (61.5%) felt different from their peers for gender-related reasons, and most (80.8%) had had homoerotic experiences during the teenage years. Over 40% of participants indicated that their primary identity was Christian, and several shared their experience sorting out attributions and meanings associated with same-sex attraction in light of their racial and/or religious identities.
Geometry Effects on Critical Heat Flux for Subcooled Convective Boiling From an Array of Heated Elements

The critical heat flux (CHF) condition was experimentally determined for subcooled flow boiling from an array of simulated microelectronic devices on one wall of a vertical rectangular passage. A test apparatus was used in these experiments that allowed visual observation of the boiling process while simultaneously measuring the heat flux and surface temperature for ten heat-dissipating elements. Using R-113 as the coolant, the CHF condition was determined for flush and slightly protruding heated elements. As expected, the element farthest downstream was found to reach the CHF condition first in all cases. For both the flush and slightly protruding elements, the trends in the CHF data are similar to those previously reported for subcooled flow boiling on an isolated element. At moderate flow velocities, the critical heat flux predicted by a proposed correlation for subcooled flow boiling from a single element was found to agree well with the multiple-flush-element data if the local fluid subcooling at the last element was used in the correlation. At lower velocities, however, the data deviated from the predicted values. The data for slightly protruding elements were also found to deviate from those for the flush elements at higher velocities. The apparent physical reasons for thesemore » trends are discussed in detail.« less
Effects of Errors on Vehicle Emission Rates from Portable Emissions Measurement Systems

Portable emissions measurement systems (PEMS) are useful for quantification of real-world vehicle activity, energy use, and emissions. However, there is no standard methodology for processing PEMS data; this can lead to errors in reported results. PEMS typically include tail-pipe exhaust gas and particle analyzers, Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, engine sensors, and electronic control unit (ECU) data loggers. The sensitivity of estimated emission rates to random errors in measurements is quantified. Methods are evaluated for identification and correction of improper synchronization of PEMS, ECU, and GPS data streams and for road grade estimation. Estimated fuel use and emission rates for light- and heavy-duty vehicles are sensitive to errors in intake manifold absolute pressure and engine revolutions per minute values and in indicators of air-to-fuel ratio including carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations. Synchronization can be aided by maximizing the Pearson correlation coefficient between two indicator variables and confirming the result by matching concurrent increases in indicator variables. The effect of improper synchronization on estimated modal emission rates is quantified. Modal average emission rates based on vehicle-specific power (VSP) are more sensitive to improperly synchronized engine versus GPS data. Improperly synchronized data streams result in decreased variability between the lowest and highest modal average emission rates. Estimation of road grade from a linear least squares slope of elevation over a specified distance is demonstrated. VSP-based modal fuel use and pollutant emission rates are less sensitive to differences in road grade than to errors in synchronization.
Possible boring structures of Sipunculids

Synopsis. At the present time there is no experimental evidence which links the supposed boring activities of sipunculids to a specific organ or structure. Structures which have been speculatively associated in the literature with boring are: hooks and spines of the introvert, cuticular papillae with associated epidermal glands, anterior and posterior horny shields, and anterior calcareous shields. In this review these structures are described as they occur in five representative species of sipunculids collected by the author from calcareous rock in the Indian Ocean or the Caribbean Sea. The five species are: Phascolosoma antillarum Grube and Oersted, Phascolosoma dentigerum (Selenka and de Man), Paraspidosiphon steenstrupi (Diesing), Lithacrosiphon gurjanovae Murina, and Cloeosiphon aspergillum (Quatrefages). Localities of collections are cited, habitats and burrows are described, and the behavior of the animals as observed in the field and laboratory is noted. In view of the morphology of the possible boring structures and in light of observations on habitats and behavior, the possible roles of the structures in boring activities are discussed. Highly organized horny shields are present at the anterior and posterior extremities of the trunk of Paraspidosiphon steenstrupi, whereas anterior calcareous shields are characteristic of Cloeosiphon aspergillum and Lithacrosiphon gurjanovae. Papillae and epidermal glands are present in all five of the species but these are most highly developed in Phascolosoma dentigerum and P. antillarum. Of the species considered, only P. antillarum lacks hooks on the introvert. Because of the position of the animal within the rock with anterior end directed toward the mouth of the burrow, it is assumed that the anterior shields and the hooks of the introvert play no significant role in the formation of the burrow. However, the rigid papillae of the trunk and the thickened posterior shield, if rubbed against the wall of the burrow, presumably could be utilized in the mechanical attrition of the more friable rock, whereas the secretory products of the numerous epidermal glands might be implicated in the chemical dissolution of the harder substrates.
Predictive thermal and mechanical modeling of a developmental MCM

Under development at the Microelectronics Center of North Carolina is a high-performance multichip module (MCM) that utilizes 95Pb-5Sn and indium solders. In this article, a rigorous thermal/mechanical analysis is applied to the module, with specific emphasis on the solder joint reliability. The methodology includes mechanical characterization of solder joints, thermal modeling, linear structural modeling, nonlinear thermal stress simulations, and fatigue-life prediction as a function of chip power dissipation. The results of the analysis provide insight toward design optimization and fatigue life acceleration factors that relate laboratory tests to field use conditions.
A parallel-serial recognition cone system for perception: some test results

Abstract This paper presents some results of tests of specific “recognition cone” systems for probabilistic parallel-serial recognition and description of two-dimensional scenes of objects. SIMULA and FORTRAN encoded systems were given particular sets of transforms, and examined for their ability to handle scenes that contain (1) letters, (2) “place-settings” of several pieces of silverware and china and (3) a “real-world” outdoor scene, in color. The same parallel-serial flow through structured layers of variable-resolution probabilistic transforms serves to detect edges, find features, characterize, recognize and describe, without any sharp dividing lines between different types of processes. Thus, a wide variety of diverse sources of information contextually interact, in a relatively simple and general way.
Applications, algorithms, and software for massively parallel computing

Sandia National Laboratories has developed massively parallel (MP) software that provides high absolute performance and nearly perfect parallel efficiencies. We have used this software on first- and second-generation 1K-processor hypercubes with more than thousand-fold parallel speedups and supercomputer performance. As we developed MP software, we made significant research advances in parallel numerical methods, such as parallel time stepping. The hardware diagnostic tools and parallel graphics algorithms that we have developed and provided to vendors can pinpoint hardware problems and visualize performance in thousand-processor ensembles. Our distributed-computing software will provide supercomputer performance from workstation networks. In collaboration with university and industry researchers in parallel computing, we have proven the concept of distributed parallel supercomputing with parallel computations on a network of VAX® computers. (VAX is a registered trademark of Digital Equipment Corporation.)
R&D Budget-Driven Cost and Schedule Overruns

Abstract In this article, we postulate and test that, if the initial budget supports Rayleigh-distributed expenditures, then less cost or schedule growth occurs. Norden (1970) shows that, if effort on a project is a function of linear improvement in skills and diminishing remaining tasks, then the cumulative efforts follows with the Rayleigh cumulative distribution function, which is a special case of the Weibull distribution. Norden demonstrates that manpower on research and development (R&D) programs can be modeled with the Rayleigh distribution. Numerous researchers successfully fit Rayleigh models to completed R&D program expenditures for a variety of technologies. Even if the initial program budget does not support the rapid increase and long tail of Rayleigh-distributed expenditures, then the program may still finish with Rayleigh-distributed expenditures through budget increases or program extensions. In this article, we evaluate whether the cost and schedule growth for R&D programs can be determin...