cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Epigraph Hemagglutinin Vaccine Induces Broad Cross-reactive Immunity Against Swine H3 Influenza Virus

Swine influenza virus (SIV) is a significant burden on the pork industry and threat to human health due to its zoonotic potential. Here, we utilized epigraph, a computational algorithm, to design a universal swine H3 (swH3) influenza vaccine. The epigraph hemagglutinin proteins were delivered using an Adenovirus type 5 vector and compared to a wild type hemagglutinin and the commercial inactivated vaccine, FluSure. In mice, epigraph vaccination led to significant cross-reactive antibody and T-cell responses against a diverse panel of swH3 isolates. Epigraph vaccination also reduced weight loss and lung viral titers in mice after challenge with three divergent swH3 viruses. Vaccination studies in swine, the target species for this vaccine, showed stronger levels of cross-reactive antibodies and T-cell responses after immunization with epigraph vaccine compared to the wild type and FluSure vaccines. In both murine and swine models, epigraph vaccination showed superior cross-reactive immunity that should be further investigated as a universal swH3 vaccine.
Salafism and Political Order in Africa

Violent Islamic extremism is affecting a growing number of countries in sub-Saharan Africa. In some, jihadi Salafi organizations have established home bases and turned into permanent security challengers. However, other countries have managed to prevent the formation or curb the spread of homegrown jihadi Salafi organizations. In this book, Sebastian Elischer provides a comparative analysis of how different West and East African states have engaged with fundamentalist Muslim groups between the 1950s and today. In doing so, he establishes a causal link between state-imposed organizational gatekeepers in the Islamic sphere and the absence of homegrown jihadi Salafism. Illustrating that the contemporary manifestation of violent Islamic extremism in sub-Saharan Africa is an outcome of strategic political decisions that are deeply embedded in countries' autocratic pasts, he challenges conventional notions of statehood on the African continent, and provides new insight into the evolving relationships between secular and religious authority.
Opposite roles of transcription elongation factors Spt4/5 and Elf1 in RNA polymerase II transcription through B-form versus non-B DNA structures

Transcription elongation can be affected by numerous types of obstacles, such as nucleosome, pausing sequences, DNA lesions and non-B-form DNA structures. Spt4/5 and Elf1 are conserved transcription elongation factors that promote RNA polymerase II (Pol II) bypass of nucleosome and pausing sequences. Importantly, genetic studies have shown that Spt4/5 plays essential roles in the transcription of expanded nucleotide repeat genes associated with inherited neurological diseases. Here, we investigate the function of Spt4/5 and Elf1 in the transcription elongation of CTG•CAG repeat using an in vitro reconstituted yeast transcription system. We found that Spt4/5 helps Pol II transcribe through the CTG•CAG tract duplex DNA, which is in good agreement with its canonical roles in stimulating transcription elongation. In sharp contrast, surprisingly, we revealed that Spt4/5 greatly inhibits Pol II transcriptional bypass of CTG and CAG slip-out structures. Furthermore, we demonstrated that transcription elongation factor Elf1 individually and cooperatively with Spt4/5 inhibits Pol II bypass of the slip-out structures. This study uncovers the important functional interplays between template DNA structures and the function of transcription elongation factors. This study also expands our understanding of the functions of Spt4/5 and Elf1 in transcriptional processing of trinucleotide repeat DNA.
Caveats to Acute Imaging for Acute Stroke in the Setting of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) is increasingly used for cardiorespiratory support in medically refractory cases. The high rate of neurologic complications, specifically cerebrovascular disorders such as acute ischemic stroke, in VA-ECMO patients frequently prompts the acquisition of neuroimaging studies such as computed tomography with angiography and perfusion imaging (CTA and CTP). Clinicians must be familiar with the ECMO-related artifacts when interpreting such studies. Here we describe a case of asymmetric contrast opacification in a VA-ECMO patient with axillary artery cannulation.
What Makes Hybrid Concurrent Engineering Teams Work and Not Work: A Theoretical Analysis

Aerospace concurrent engineering teams (CETs) have been around since 1995 and have evolved into various shapes and forms. Historically, CETs have been designed to function with all team members physically collocated. In order to continue operating during the coronavirus pandemic, these teams have had to become fully distributed in 2020. Previously, distributed CETs were predicted to be considerably less efficient than traditional CETs. However, at JPL studies are being successfully run at peak rate in a distributed mode. As nominal working conditions resume after the pandemic, a major question is whether these teams must go back to being fully collocated or if they can become successful hybrid teams, with half or more of the engineers working remotely. In order to address this question, it is important to understand the key characteristics that make a CET more likely to be successful in a remote mode. This paper revisits a framework for characterizing concurrent engineering teams, providing a means to describe and compare the behavior of concurrent engineering teams in various settings [1], and uses the framework to make recommendations for future hybrid teams.
Politics and the Limits of Pluralism in Mohamed Arkoun and Abdenour Bidar

One of the striking features of the literary culture of the modern Maghreb is the profusion of works that undertake to identify the essential features of the region – exercises in definition that almost always emphasize plurality. Philosophers, social scientists, and literary writers have highlighted the Maghreb's multilingualism – the coexistence of different forms of Arabic, Tamazight, French, and Spanish – the varied and hybrid cultural legacies of conquest and colonialism, and the effects of the region's geographical proximity to other parts of Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. It would be hard to find a more ubiquitous theme of francophone Maghrebi literature than cultural diversity, and the subject is by no means absent from Arabic-language literature. This preoccupation with plurality can be seen as a response to a history of colonization and decolonization with particular ideological features. In their efforts to build “l'Algerie francaise,” the French colonial authorities suppressed Arabic as a language of culture and government. In response, anticolonial nationalists called for the replacement of French with Arabic. “Islam is my religion, Arabic is my language, Algeria is my nation” – the catchphrase of Abdelhamid Ben Badis's Jam'iyat al-'Ulama [Association of Muslim Ulema], an Islamic reform movement of the 1930s and 1940s – later became a slogan of the nationalist movement, the Front de liberation nationale (FLN) [National Liberation Front]. Since the 1980s, a similar call to restore Arabic and eliminate French has been issued by the Islamist opposition to the corrupt and undemocratic FLN government and at times by officials in that same government seeking to restore their legitimacy. In emphasizing linguistic and cultural diversity, writers and scholars have tried to tender an alternative to these recurrent efforts to delimit the region's identity.
A Review of Microsystem Factors Related to Stress in Undergraduate Students Studying Communication Sciences and Disorders

Purpose The purpose of this review article is to review the existing literature about the factors that impact stress in undergraduate students studying communication sciences and disorders (CSD). C...
The G protein-first activation mechanism of opioid receptors by Gi protein and agonists

We report the G protein-first mechanism for activation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) for the three closest subtypes of the opioid receptors (OR), μOR, κOR and δOR. We find that they couple to the inactive Gi protein-bound guanosine diphosphate (GDP) prior to agonist binding. The inactive Gi protein forms anchors to the intracellular loops of the inactive apo-μOR, apo-κOR and apo-δOR, inducing opening of the cytoplasmic region to form a pre-activated state that holds Gi protein in place until agonist binds. Then, agonist binds to μOR, κOR and δOR already complexed with Gi protein, to trigger the Gαi to open up the tightly coupled GDP binding site, making GDP accessible for GTP exchange, an essential step for Gi signalling. We show that the agonist alone cannot open the intracellular region of μOR and κOR, requiring Gi protein to open the cytoplasmic region by itself. We consider that this G protein-first mechanism may apply to activation of other Class A GPCRs. However, for δOR, agonist binding can open up the intracellular region to encourage Gi protein recruitment. Thus, activation of Gi protein mediated by δOR favourably may proceed with either ligand-first or G protein-first activation mechanisms.
Growing Black food on sacred land: Using Black liberation theology to imagine an alternative Black agrarian future:

This article uses Black liberation theology (BLIBT) as a framework to theorize “the spirit” in the alternative food and sustainable agriculture movement. While BLIBT was formally named by theologia...
Modern introduction to surface plasmons : theory, mathematica modeling, and applications

Introducing graduate students in physics, optics, materials science and electrical engineering to surface plasmons, this book also covers guided modes at planar interfaces of metamaterials with negative refractive index. The physics of localized and propagating surface plasmons, on planar films, gratings, nanowires and nanoparticles, is developed using both analytical and numerical techniques. Guided modes at the interfaces between materials with any combination of positive or negative permittivity and permeability are analyzed in a systematic manner. Applications of surface plasmon physics are described, including near-field transducers in heat-assisted magnetic recording and biosensors. Resources at www.cambridge.org/9780521767170 include Mathematica code to generate figures from the book, color versions of many figures, and extended discussion of topics such as vector diffraction theory.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of thermoelectric lab-on-a-chip ELISA

Thermoelectric ELISA is a novel method for performing immunoassays in a microfluidic device in which the concentration of the analyte is determined by detecting the heat of the enzymatic reaction between glucose oxidase conjugated to an IgG detection antibody and glucose using a thin-film antimony–bismuth thermopile. The heat transfer in the system is mathematically modeled and the resulting differential equations solved using fundamental numerical methods. The theoretical analysis predicts the output voltage change of a thin-film thermopile positioned adjacent to the reaction zone. The predicted thermopile temperature increase is 0.35 m °C, which occurs 80 s after the substrate reaches the reaction zone. This temperature increase corresponds to a 2.45 μV peak height of the thermopile response and is easily detectable with 8-digit voltammetry electronics. The ELISA method was demonstrated experimentally by antibody-mediated detection of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8OHdG), an important biomarker of oxidative stress, in mouse urine samples. Experimental results correlate well with results from the mathematical simulations. Additional mathematical simulations were performed to evaluate the effect of flow rate and injection sample volume on the thermopile response. Results indicated that increasing the flow rate and decreasing the substrate injection volume decreased the magnitude and the duration of the thermoelectric response, but also accelerate the time required for sample analysis. The optimization of the flow rate and substrate injection volume is discussed herein.
Participation Externalities and Asset Price Volatility

I analyze how an exogenous cost of entry in a risky asset market a®ects two endogenous variables: the degree of market participation and the price volatility. I show that di®erent entry costs generate different participation equilibria and multiplicity of equilibria arises for some range of entry costs, but the new market entrants are always more risk-averse than the rest of the participants. Every participation equilibrium is associated with a certain volatility of the price of the asset. Most importantly, I show that increased market participation leads to increased asset price volatility, if the new entrants are su±ciently more risk-averse than the old participants. This is supported by empirical evidence. (JEL: G12, D40, C70)
Numerical simulation and sensitivity analysis of radionuclide transport in a fractured dolomite formation

The Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP) is located in southeastern New Mexico and has been developed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) for the geologic disposal of transuranic waste. The disposal horizon of the WIPP is approximately 655 meters below the ground surface in the Salado Formation of the Delaware Basin. DOE must submit a Compliance Recertification Application (CRA) for the WIPP to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) every five years. As part of the 2004 CRA. DOE will submit a performance assessment that estimates potential radionuclide releases from the repository for the regulatory period of 10,000 years after closure. Numerical simulation of groundwater flow and radionuclide transport in the Culebra Dolomite Member of the Rustler Formation are part of the PA calculations. The Culebra is located above the Salado and is of particular importance to the CRA because it is the most transmissive unit above the repository and would provide the most significant groundwater pathway for radionuclide migration in the unlikely event of inadvertent human intrusion of the repository. The cumulative release of radionuclides through the Culebra to the WIPP boundary (the “accessible environment”) is estimated using secotp2d, a two-dimensional dual porosity transport code developed to simulate radionuclide transport through fractured porous media. The secotp2d code assumes a parallel plate type fracturing where fluid flow is restricted to the advective continuum (fractures) and mass is transferred between the advective and diffusive (matrix) continua via molecular diffusion. Retardation is permitted in both the advective and diffusive domains assuming linear equilibrium isotherms. Radioactive decay is accounted for through the use of multiple straight decay chains. Uncertain input to the transport code includes the nonuniform flow field, advective and diffusive domain porosities, diffusive matrix block length, climate index, radionuclide oxidation state, and radionuclide distribution coefficients. The transport modeling exercise involves calculating releases over the 10,000-year period for 100 input vectors constructed via Latin hypercube sampling. A sensitivity analysis is performed to ascertain which uncertain model inputs have the greatest effect on predicted releases.
Color and texture priors in active contours for model-based image segmentation

A solution to the problem of model-based image segmentation by integrating prior color and texture information into a parametric active contour model is proposed in this paper. The vector flow field technique is adopted as the computational scheme because of its large effective capture range. Color and texture priors are modeled in a uniform way to generate a potential field and its associated vector flow field for the repetitive application of the gradient vector field (GVF). The initialization of the snake is decided by studying the shape properties of the potential field. The shape information can be utilized to avoid unnecessary initializations caused by disturbing background similar color and texture features to the model object. The potential field is also valuable for determining the weights for integrating the color and texture based vector flow field and the edge based vector flow field. With the proper integration weights, the snake evolved on the combined vector flow field can bypass strong edges in the background and stop correctly on the object's boundary. Experimental results are shown on real scenes with complex backgrounds.
Vowel harmony and cyclicity in Eastern Nilotic

0. Abstract Vowel harmony in the Eastern Nilotic languages Maasai (Tucker & Mpaayei 1955) and Turkana (Dimmendaal 1983) is dominant-recessive: a [+ATR] vowel in either a root or a suffix causes all other vowels in the word to become [+ATR]. The phonemic low vowel in both of these languages behaves differently depending on its position in the word relative to the source of [+ATR], a fact that has previously been accounted for by two directional [+ATR] spreading rules subject to distinct conditions (Archangeli & Pulleyblank 1994, Albert 1995). I propose instead that the distinction between these two directions of harmony is (indirectly) determined by the cycle, and that harmony is due to a single bidirectional mechanism. A cyclic account makes a number of nontrivial and restrictive predictions that a directional account does not. First, a grammar in which the conditions on the two directions of harmony are somehow reversed is predicted not to exist. Second, the cyclic account crucially depends on the indirect blocking of harmony by another process that respects the cycle, and so the absence of such a process entails the absence of a directional asymmetry. Third, a grammar in which harmony only operates in one direction and not the other is predicted not to exist. Finally, only the cyclic account can readily handle a set of additional facts in Turkana.
Depressive and Anxious Symptomatology Moderate the Relationship Between Childhood Emotional Abuse Severity and Attentional Bias on the Modified Stroop Task

Research has demonstrated that the impact of childhood abuse often outlasts the initial abuse experiences, paving the way for a myriad of psychological difficulties in adulthood. Attentional bias might serve as a pathway from childhood abuse to negative outcomes associated with such experiences. The primary aim of the study was to investigate the impact of childhood emotional abuse (CEA) experiences on the presence of attentional bias in a sample of college women by comparing performance on a modified Stroop task between CEA survivors (n = 28) and a nonabused control group (n = 31). Results suggest that for CEA survivors, psychological symptoms moderated the relationship between CEA severity and attentional bias to specific word types. Results underscore the importance in continued exploration of the relationship among childhood emotional abuse, attentional bias, and concurrent psychopathology. Results also suggest that modification of attentional biases, via cognitive bias modification procedures, could ...
Fast sort computations for order-sorted matching and unification

Given a preregular order-sorted signature, we consider two closely related problems. The first arises in matching where we need to compute the least sort of a ground term in order to decide whether it is less or equal to the sort of a variable to which we wish to bind it. The second arises in unification where we have computed an unsorted unifier and we want to compute any corresponding order-sorted unifiers by finding order-sorted renamings of the unsorted free variables occurring in the unifier such that for each bound variable, the least sort of the term to which it is bound becomes less than or equal to its own sort. We present a fast solution to the first problem, based on compiling the overloaded declarations for each operation in to a decision diagram. We then show how this method can be lifted to the variable case using a BDD encoding to represent computations with unknown sorts in order to solve the second problem. We also discuss some extensions of the techniques.
English Language Proficiency and Test Performance: An Evaluation of Bilingual Students with the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities.

In this article, we report the findings of an exploratory empirical study that investigated the relationship between English Language Proficiency (ELP) on performance on the WoodcockJohnson Tests of Cognitive Abilities-Third Edition (WJ III) when administered in English to bilingual students of varying levels of ELP. Sixty-one second-grade students, identified as Limited English Proficient, were recruited from a suburban public school district and were given the WJ III in addition to their annual state standardized assessment of ELP. The findings of this study provide evidence to support a linear, inverse relationship between ELP and performance on tests that require higher levels of English language development and mainstream cultural knowledge. The implications of the findings of the present study suggest that practitioners must consider an examinee’s level of developmental language proficiency and cultural knowledge acquisition as continuous variables when determining the impact of such factors on test performance and evaluation regarding whether scores obtained from tests administered in English are indeed valid for interpretation. C
Coaching: An Apprenticeship Approach for the 21st Century

Coaching, an apprentice -based approach to support professional and personal development towards achieving set goals, is a well-established practice in the fields of sports training and management and one of the fastest growing professional development methods in the education field. How the coaching partnership fosters leadership and improves practices that directly impact on the social/emotional development of students and their academic achievement is of interest to educators, policy makers and school communities alike. Recent findings have started to define the type of leadership that results from a coaching partnership, the lasting benefits on teaching quality and the positive impact on student performance. By reviewing and reflecting on the current literature on this apprenticeship approach, this article explores strengths and strategies that could further contribute to the organization of schools around high learning outcomes for all students while fostering leadership and accountability at the management, classroom and student levels. Normal 0 21 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE
Role of cell type in net lactate removal by skeletal muscle.

Net lactate uptake and subsequent pathways for removal were studied in three rabbit skeletal muscle preparations of distinct fiber type composition, i.e., glycolytic (99.1 +/- 0.2% type IIb fibers)...
Octahedral metal carbonyls. XIII. Kinetics of reactions of metal carbonyl complexes containing six-membraned chelate rings☆

Abstract (Bidentate)M(CO) 4 complexes (bidentate = N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-1,3-diamininopropane and M = Cr, Mo, W; and bidentate = 2,2,8,8-tetramethyl-3, 7-dithianonane (DTN) and M = W) in which the trimethylene-bridged bidentate ligands form six-membered chelate rings have been perpared, and the kinetics of the replacement of the bidentate ligands by phosphites have been invesigated. The kinetic results support a mechanism quite similar to that proposed for analogous complexes containing ethylene-bridged bidentate ligands which form five-membered chelate rings, which involves reversible dissociation of one end of the bidentate ligand, followed by nucleophilic attack of the phosphite on the resulting five-coordinate intermediate, and other, rapid steps. The present data may suggest, however, a prior ligand-complex interaction which assists in the initial dissociation. Comparisons of rate data and activation energies for the tetracarbonyltungsten complex of DTN and its ethylene-bridged analogue are interpreted as supporting a greater difficulty in return of the free end of the bidentate ligand, and higher ground state energy, for the complex containing the six-membered ring.
Time, Temperature, and Depth Profiles for a Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) Captured with a Pelagic Longline

Abstract During a pelagic longline pilot study conducted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Mississippi Laboratories along the US Atlantic Ocean coast (NOAA Ship OREGON II OT-06-02-269), a Caretta caretta (Loggerhead Sea Turtle) was captured with longline gear equipped with time-temperature-depth recorders attached in proximity to hooks. Time-temperature-depth data documented changes in hook depth and water temperature, and reflected behavior of the Loggerhead Sea Turtle (rates of descent and ascent, time at depth, time near surface). Sea turtle mortality mitigation recommendations for pelagic longline gear proved effective for this Loggerhead Sea Turtle capture since there were successive ascents to surface, and the viability status was good after landing.
Myocardial phospholipases A2 and their membrane substrates

Abstract Many of the adverse sequelae of acute myocardial ischemia result from the degradation of sarcolemmal phospholipid constituents mediated by the activation of intracellular phospholipases. The consequent deleterious changes in sarcolemmal membrane properties precipitate ischemic membrane dysfunction resulting in electrophysiologic alterations and myocytic cell death. In myocardium, the overwhelming majority of phospholipase activity is catalyzed by a novel class of calcium-independent plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A 2 that is rapidly and reversibly activated within minutes of myocardial ischemia. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of these phospholipases A 2 will define novel therapeutic targets that can potentially be pharmacologically manipulated to attenuate the deleterious effects of ischemia and reperfusion on myocardial function.
Optical Pattern Recognition Using Average Filters To Produce Discriminant Hypersurfaces

A hyperspace description of the multiclass (multiobject) pattern recognition problem is advanced. Average filters composed of linear sums of orthonormal basis functions are found to provide the necessary discriminant hypersurfaces. Optical correlation using weighted matched spatial filter synthesis is used to determine the basis functions and their linear weights. The average filters are then assembled on a digital computer and used in an optical frequency plane correlator. Initial problem formulation theory and simulation results are included for an infrared tank pattern recognition problem.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Do chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) exhibit sleep related behaviors that minimize exposure to parasitic arthropods? : A preliminary report on the possible anti-vector function of chimpanzee sleeping platforms

Great apes spend half of their lives in a nightly "nest" or sleeping platform (SP), a complex object created by modifying foliage, which functions as a stable substrate on which to sleep. Of the several purported functions of SPs, one hypothesis is that they protect against parasitic infection. Here we investigate the role of SP site choice in avoiding molestation by arthropods. This study presents preliminary data on the insect-repellent properties of preferred sleeping tree species Cynometra alexandri. Insect traps were deployed in gallery forest habitats in which chimpanzees typically "nest." We compared traps placed adjacent to SPs artificially manufactured with C. alexandri trees to an open area within the same habitat. Multiple measures of arthropod counts indicate that simulated C. alexandri SP sites have fewer arthropods than similar non-SP sites. Volatile compounds secreted by C. alexandri foliage are hypothesized to repel annoying arthropods and/or mask chimpanzee olfactory signals. Of the total insects captured (n = 6,318), n = 145 were mosquitoes. Of the total mosquitoes captured, n = 47 were identified as Anopheles (female, n = 12). The prominent malarial vector Anopheles gambiae was identified among the captured mosquito sample. These results suggest that the presence of broken branches of the tree species C. alexandri reduce the amount of insects a chimpanzee is exposed to throughout a night's sleep. This great ape behavioral and socio-technological adaptation may have evolved, in part, to increase quality of sleep as well as decrease exposure to vectors of disease.
A method for determination of chlorpromazine in human blood serum

Abstract In clinical pharmacological studies it is necessary to measure blood serum chlorpromazine to sub nanogram levels. A method to determine such levels of chlorpromazine is presented, in which absolute quantities as low as 2 ng of chlorpromazine were measured by means of a gas Chromatograph equipped with electron capture detector. A modification of themethodof Curry was used which incorporated an internal standard and a special high volume injection port. Curry's method was modified to improve yield and reduce variability. The use of the internal standard significantly improved reproducibility. The high volume injection port increased the sensitivity, as the entire extraction volume could be injected. These improvements increased sensitivity by 5 fold and allowed measurement of drug quantities which were below the sensitivity limits of previous methods (400 pg/ml from a 5-ml aliquot of patient serum).
Using Math Apps for Improving Student Learning: An Exploratory Study in an Inclusive Fourth Grade Classroom

Recent years have seen a quick expansion of tablet computers in households and schools. One of the educational affordances of tablet computers is using math apps to engage students in mathematics learning. However, given the short history of the mobile devices, little research exists on the effectiveness of math apps, particularly for struggling students. To fill in the gap, an exploratory study was conducted in an inclusive fourth grade classroom, in which about half of the students were either at-risk or had disabilities. The students used three math apps that employed different scaffolding strategies to support learning of decimals and multiplication. Pre- and post-tests showed that use of the math apps improved student learning in mathematics and reduced the achievement gap between struggling students and typical students. More studies should be conducted to identify effective math apps.
Validity of the semiclassical method for the coupled-channel atomic scattering problem.

Stationary phase approximation for evaluation of scattering amplitudes of coupled channel atoms
Comparison of Two Filter-Based Reflectance Methods to Measure the Light Absorption by Atmospheric Aerosols

AbstractTwo reflectance techniques, based on Kubelka–Munk (K-M) theory and on the Beer–Lambert (B-L) law, were used to measure the absorption coefficient of aerosol particles collected on a filter. The two methods agreed, with the B-L technique being higher than the K-M method by a factor of 1.10, but with a correlation, r2, between the two methods of 0.99. The aerosol absorption Angstrom exponents (AAE) between the two methods also agreed within 0.4 and were in the range of measurements reported in the literature with other techniques. The precision of the two methods depends on the volume of air sampled, but a typical sampling scheme (100 L min−1, 10 cm2 sampling area, full day of sampling) results in a precision in the measurement of the aerosol light absorption coefficient of 0.05 Mm−1.
The circadian variation of catecholamine metabolism in the subhuman primate

Abstract Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was removed continuously in 2- or 3-h aliquots from the lateral and fourth cerebral ventricles of chronic chair restrained rhesus monkeys. Under conditions of 12 h light (06.00–18.00 h) and 12 h darkness (18.00-06.00 h) the concentrations of norepinephrine (NE) were found to describe a circadian pattern, with maximal concentrations occurring during the light hours and minimal concentrations occurring during the dark hours. The patterns were generally coincident with the circadian patterns of brain temperature and body activity. When assayed for 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid (VMA), samples of CSF collected over 3–4 days demonstrated no reproducible pattern of change. Fluctuation in the concentration of MHPG did not correspond in direction or magnitude to changes in the concentration of VMA. These random fluctuations may in part be accounted for by the influx of the metabolites from peripheral sources to the brain and CSF, and by the relatively slow movement of these metabolites as they diffuse from brain parenchyma to the CSF.
Conventional profile coaxial jet noise prediction

A semiempirical model for predicting the noise generated by conventional velocity-profile jets exhausting from coaxial nozzles is presented and compared with small-scale static data. The present method is an updated version of that part of the original NASA Aircraft Noise Prediction Program (1974) relating to coaxial jet noise. The new procedure is more theoretically based and has also been improved by some empirical adjustments.
Improved carbon micro-ribbon targets and stripper foils for the IUCF cooler ring☆

Carbon micro-ribbons have been made which are stronger and a factor of three thinner than any previously made at IUCF. Ribbons of 4.2 μg/cm2 thickness and 3.3 μm width were mounted to span 22-mm lengths. Also, open-edged (32-mm) stripper foils of 4-μg/cm2 carbon have been prepared with significantly reduced curling at the open edge. For both the foils and ribbons, the progress is the result of efforts to produce uniform, densely distributed microscopically-sized features on the surface of glass substrates. Along with the grinding technique currently used to texture the substrates, a heat treatment method which improves the electrical conductivity of carbon micro-ribbons, and a method to make wire-grill evaporation masks with more closely regulated spacing of the wires is described. Also, initial experience depositing ultra-thin layers of several desired Cooler target materials onto the micro-ribbons is reported briefly. Carbon micro-ribbons are thought to have considerable potential as backings for Cooler targets.
A biostratigraphic zonation of the middle and upper siwaliks of the potwar plateau of Northern Pakistan

Abstract Two biostratigraphic reference sections are designated for the middle and upper Siwalik formations of northern Pakistan. The stratigraphic ranges of 41 mammalian taxa are established in the reference sections and the two sections are correlated to each other and to the standard Magnetic Polarity Time Scale by the magnetic-polarity stratigraphy. The resulting stratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic framework is used to define four contiguous biostratigraphic interval-zones. The proposed interval-zones are bounded by five important faunal events which are identified in the reference sections. The four proposed interval-zones and the approximate ages in the reference sections of their lower and upper boundaries are: (1) the “Hipparion s.l.” Interval-Zone 7.4–9.5 m.y. B.P.; (2) the Selenoportax lydekkeri Interval-Zone 5.3–7.4 m.y. B.P.; (3) the Hexaprotodon sivalensis Interval-Zone 5.3-2.9 m.y. B.P.; and (4) the Elephas planifrons Interval-Zone 2.9-1.5 m.y. B.P. The paleomagnetic and biostratigraphic evidence indicates that the Tatrot Beds, from which Pilgrim developed his “Tatrot Faunal Zone”, are between 2.5 and 3.4 m.y. B.P., with a preferred maximum age of 2.9 m.y. B.P. The biostratigraphic evidence indicates the Sethi Nagri locality (Y311)—the primary source of Pilgrim's “Nagri Faunal Zone”— is in the “Hipparion s.l.” Interval-Zone. The paleomagnetic evidence suggests an approximate age of 9 m.y. B.P. A major faunal event at 9.5 m.y. B.P. introduced equids, suids, and large giraffes from Eurasia into the Indain subcontinent. A second, more diffuse faunal event between 5.3 and 2.9 m.y. B.P. introduced several African taxa as well as Equus and cervids from Eurasia.
Partner smoking characteristics: Associations with smoking and quitting among blue-collar apprentices.

Background Studies suggest that the social context of blue-collar workers contribute to their low smoking cessation rates. However, little is known on the effect of partner smoking and requests to quit on workers' cessation attempts. Methods Using data from a longitudinal smoking cessation intervention, multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to investigate the association of partner smoking characteristics with cessation among blue-collar apprentices. Results Smokers were more likely to have partners who smoke (OR 13.06; 95% CI 8.52–20.01). Partner's request to quit was associated with higher odds of smoking cessation at 1 month (OR 3.74; 95% CI 2.49–5.63) and 6 months (OR 1.90; 95% CI 1.06–3.41) post-intervention. Having a partner who smoked was associated with lower odds of smoking cessation at 1 month (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.27–0.62), but not 6 months post-intervention. Conclusions Results suggest that smoking cessation interventions that include partner support might improve cessation among blue-collar smokers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 53:1102–1108, 2010. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The influence of structural and message features on Web site credibility

This article explores the associations that message features and Web structural features have with perceptions of Web site credibility. In a within-subjects experiment, 84 participants actively located health-related Web sites on the basis of two tasks that differed in task specificity and complexity. Web sites that were deemed most credible were content analyzed for message features and structural features that have been found to be associated with perceptions of source credibility. Regression analyses indicated that message features predicted perceived Web site credibility for both searches when controlling for Internet experience and issue involvement. Advertisements and structural features had no significant effects on perceived Web site credibility. Institution-affiliated domain names (.gov, .org, .edu) predicted Web site credibility, but only in the general search, which was more difficult. Implications of results are discussed in terms of online credibility research and Web site design. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Brain Basis of Positive and Negative Affect: Evidence from a Meta-Analysis of the Human Neuroimaging Literature.

The ability to experience pleasant or unpleasant feelings or to represent objects as "positive" or "negative" is known as representing hedonic "valence." Although scientists overwhelmingly agree that valence is a basic psychological phenomenon, debate continues about how to best conceptualize it scientifically. We used a meta-analysis of 397 functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography studies (containing 914 experimental contrasts and 6827 participants) to test 3 competing hypotheses about the brain basis of valence: the bipolarity hypothesis that positive and negativeaffectaresupportedbyabrainsystemthatmonotonicallyincreasesand/ordecreasesalongthevalencedimension,the bivalent hypothesis that positive and negative affect are supported by independent brain systems, and the affective workspace hypothesis that positive and negative affect are supported by a flexible set of valence-general regions. We found little evidence for the bipolar or bivalent hypotheses. Findings instead supported the hypothesis that, at the level of brain activity measurable by fMRI, valence is flexibly implemented across instances by a set of valence-general limbic and paralimbic brain regions.
Los exilios de luis cernuda

This article examines Cernuda’s exile poetry in the light of contemporary approaches to homosexuality. It argues that his condition as an exile is provoked by geographical and political reasons, but also by societal attitudes towards his homosexuality that were prevalent at the time he wrote. By addressing issues as those contained in his well known poem “La familia,” like the patriarchate and heterosexism, I shift the focus from the political to the social to show that the psychological exile Cernuda experienced at a very early age and in the bosom of his own family supersedes in many ways other physical exiles like the geographical one his commentators have most often focused on. The article also posits that Cernuda’s unabashed celebration of his own homosexual identity is also responsible for the antagonism and alienation that as a public figure he experienced from the literary establishment of his time.
EEG biofeedback and learning disabilities

(1985). EEG biofeedback and learning disabilities. Theory Into Practice: Vol. 24, Learning and the Brain, pp. 106-111.
Intraoral occlusal telemetry. Part IV. Tooth contact during swallowing

Abstract Monitoring the occlusion with miniaturized intraoral radio transmitters revealed that contacts of teeth during swallowing occurred more often in centric occlusion rather than in centric relation with ratio of 182 to 5.
Versatile “Traceless” Sulfone Linker for SPOS: Preparation of Isoxazolinopyrrole 2-Carboxylates

A five-step solid-phase synthesis of isoxazolinopyrrole-2-carboxylates (6) that employs a traceless sulfone linker strategy is reported. Resin-bound diene 4, obtained by acetylation and concomitant β-elimination of acetate from resin-bound allylic alcohol 3, underwent regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditons with nitrile oxides. Formation of the pyrrole products in a resin-releasing strategy was performed by pyrrole annulation with alkyl isocyanoacetates, which react with the vinyl sulfone moiety to generate the target isoxazolinopyrrole-2-carboxylates (6). Use of this chemistry afforded eight isoxazolinopyrrole-2-carboxylates in 6−24% overall yields from polystyrene/divinylbenzene sulfinate 1.
Single cell model for simultaneous drug delivery and efflux.

Multidrug resistance (MDR) of some cancer cells is a major challenge for chemotherapy of systemic cancers to overcome. To experimentally uncover the cellular mechanisms leading to MDR, it is necessary to quantitatively assess both drug influx into, and efflux from, the cells exposed to drug treatment. By using a novel molecular microdelivery system to enforce continuous and adjustable drug influx into single cells by controlled diffusion through a gel plug in a micropipet tip, drug resistance studies can now be performed on the single cell level. Our dynamic model of this scheme incorporates drug delivery, diffusive mixing, and accumulation inside the cytoplasm, and efflux by both passive and active membrane transport. Model simulations using available experimental information on these processes can assist in the design of MDR related experiments on single cancer cells which are expected to lead to a quantitative evaluation of mechanisms. Simulations indicate that drug resistance of a cancer cell can be quantified better by its dynamic response than by steady-state analysis. © 1999 Biomedical Engineering Society.
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: outbreak surveillance and molecular testing.

In this issue of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Yoder et al. [1] describe a foodborne outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). Published reports of outbreaks due to foodborne ETEC in the United States are increasingly common, and surveillance data suggest that these outbreaks are, indeed, more-frequent occurrences [2-51. This latest report by Yoder and colleagues raises several particularly interesting points with respect to the diagnosis of infection with ETEC and other foodborne pathogens and the surveillance of cases and outbreaks of infectious gastroenteritis in general. Acute infectious diarrhea is a common condition in the United States; an estimated 76 million episodes of foodborne illness occur in this country each year [6]. The vast majority of these infections are "sporadic" (i.e., unrelated, as far as public health authorities can tell, to any other cases through shared food, water, or other exposures). However, state and local health departments do recognize and re-
Complications of Complex Lower Urinary Tract Reconstruction in Patients With Neurogenic Versus Nonneurogenic Bladder—Is There a Difference?

Purpose: The complications of lower urinary tract reconstruction have been well documented in children with neurogenic bladders. While most series include small numbers of nonneurogenic diagnoses, this group is typically underrepresented. Despite a number of fundamental anatomical and functional differences, a direct comparison of surgical complications of lower urinary tract reconstruction in patients with neurogenic vs nonneurogenic bladders has not been performed.Materials and Methods: We identified patients undergoing lower urinary tract reconstruction incorporating enterocystoplasty from 1996 to 2006. We performed a retrospective review of operative notes and medical records of patients who met inclusion criteria. Patients were divided into a neurogenic group and a nonneurogenic group based on the underlying diagnosis. The 2 groups were compared with respect to demographics, historical data, operative techniques, perioperative morbidity, long-term complications and need for surgical revision.Results:...
The UT1000 microprogramming simulator: an educational tool

The concepts of microprogramming and firmware are frequently difficult to explain to computer science students. The subject of firmware is normally introduced in a beginning course of the computer science curriculum, usually as one of many terms for which a definition is memorized, but rarely understood. Even in advanced courses in computer organization or architecture, the concept may remain somewhat abstract to the student. Just as the practice of writing and executing programs in high level languages develops an increased understanding of those languages, writing and executing microprograms aids the student in understanding this concept. This paper describes the UT1000 microprogramming simulator, a software emulator for writing and executing microprograms on a simulated 16 bit CPU built using AMD2901 ALU/register slices and an AMD2910 microprogramming sequencer. The simulator package described here executes on the IBM PC/AT and PS/2 models of microcomputers. In addition to learning microprogramming concepts, the student is exposed to the principles of bit slice architecture, as well.
Transverse and longitudinal momentum spectra of pions in d interactions at 3.5 GeV/c

Abstract Experimental pt and pp spectra of pions in 3,4,5 and 6 prong events in p d reactions at 3.5 GeV/c have been measured in a bubble chamber experiment. The pt spectra are fitted with Hagedorn and Boltzmann distributions. The average value of pt is found to be in the range of 0.35–0.40 GeV/c. The pt spectra of annihilation pions are fitted better with the above distributions than the spectra of pions found in production reaction. The c.m.s. p1 spectra of pions are analyzed in terms of Jacob's nova model and Feynman's scaling distribution. The p1 spectra, when analyzed after making cuts in pt distributions, reveal that p1 and pt are not independent of each other in this experiment.