cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electromigration and 1/f Noise of Aluminum Thin Films

Electrical noise measurements were made for Al thin films subject to electromigration. The results were related to resistance measurements and SEM observation of the films. It was concluded that 1/f noise measurements can be used as a sensitive tool for detecting electromigration and the magnitude of noise is closely related to the time to failure of the films.
Barriers to interventions for alcohol problems in trauma centers

There is clear evidence that trauma-related serious injuries and fatalities can be directly linked to alcohol misuse. Because alcohol is a factor in many motor vehicle crashes (the leading cause of death for persons up to age 49), the National Highway Traffic and Safety Administration has set a high priority on decreasing alcohol-related motor vehicle crash injuries. Research now recognizes that most alcohol-impaired drivers who are injured are binge drinkers, not alcoholics. During the past decade, public health and substance treatment researchers have begun to focus on screening and early intervention in clinical settings as a means of reducing alcohol-related injuries. Trauma centers are uniquely positioned to address this problem because of the high percentage of alcohol-impaired patients admitted after motor vehicle crashes. This article discusses the barriers to implementing alcohol screening and intervention programs in trauma centers from the trauma surgeon's perspective.
Robust Multiscale Stereo Matching from Fundus Images with Radiometric Differences

A robust multiscale stereo matching algorithm is proposed to find reliable correspondences between low contrast and weakly textured retinal image pairs with radiometric differences. Existing algorithms designed to deal with piecewise planar surfaces with distinct features and Lambertian reflectance do not apply in applications such as 3D reconstruction of medical images including stereo retinal images. In this paper, robust pixel feature vectors are formulated to extract discriminative features in the presence of noise in scale space, through which the response of low-frequency mechanisms alter and interact with the response of high-frequency mechanisms. The deep structures of the scene are represented with the evolution of disparity estimates in scale space, which distributes the matching ambiguity along the scale dimension to obtain globally coherent reconstructions. The performance is verified both qualitatively by face validity and quantitatively on our collection of stereo fundus image sets with ground truth, which have been made publicly available as an extension of standard test images for performance evaluation.
Communicative Behavior in the Natural Environment: Case Studies of Two Young Children With Autism and Limited Expressive Language

Many individuals with developmental disabilities show delays in the development of sophisticated communication skills. Listeners often misunderstand their unconventional means of communication, and breakdowns occur. A communication repair is a second attempt to communicate a message when a breakdown is encountered. Qualitative methods were employed to assess and describe the communication repairs used by two young children with autism spectrum disorders who had limited expressive language. During natural observations, only one of the two participating children was observed to repair his initial requests. The results suggest that in contrast to the emphasis in the literature that development is the primary determinant of repair behavior, variables in the children's social and physical environment influenced their communication repair behavior. Implications for practice and research are described.
Food venue choice, consumer food environment, but not food venue availability within daily travel patterns are associated with dietary intake among adults, Lexington Kentucky 2011.

Objective: The retail food environment may be one important determinant of dietary intake. However, limited research focuses on individuals’ food shopping behavior and activity within the retail food environment. This study’s aims were to determine the association between six various dietary indicators and 1) food venue availability; 2) food venue choice and frequency; and 3) availability of healthy food within food venue. Methods: In Fall, 2011, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults (n=121) age 18 years and over in Lexington, Kentucky. Participants wore a global position system (GPS) data logger for 3-days (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day) to track their daily activity space, which was used to assess food activity space. They completed a survey to assess demographics, food shopping behaviors, and dietary outcomes. Food store audits were conducted using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey-Store Rudd (NEMS-S) in stores where respondents reported purchasing food (n=22). Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations between six dietary variables with food venue availability within activity space; food venue choice; frequency of shopping; and availability of food within food venue. Results: 1) Food venue availability within activity space – no significant associations. 2) Food Venue Choice – Shopping at farmers’ markets or specialty grocery stores reported higher odds of consuming fruits and vegetables (OR 1.60 95% CI [1.21, 2.79]). Frequency of shopping - Shopping at a farmers’ markets and specialty stores at least once a week reported higher odds of consumption of fruits and vegetables (OR 1.55 95% CI [1.08, 2.23]). Yet, shopping frequently at a super market had higher odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR 1.39 95% CI [1.03, 1.86]). 3) Availability of food within store – those who shop in supermarkets with high availability of healthy food has lower odds of consuming sugar-sweetened beverages (OR 0.65 95% CI [0.14, 0.83]). Conclusion: Interventions aimed at improving fruit and vegetable intake need to consider where individuals’ purchase food and the availability within stores as a behavioral and environmental strategy.
Analyzing throughput of GPGPUs exploiting within-die core-to-core frequency variation

The state-of-the-art general-purpose graphic processing units (GPGPUs) can offer very high computational throughput for general-purpose, highly-parallel applications using hundreds of available on-chip cores. Meanwhile, as technology is scaled down below 65nm, each core's maximum frequency varies significantly due to increasing within-die variations. This, in turn, diminishes the throughput improvement of GPGPUs through technology scaling because the maximum frequency is often limited by the slowest core. In this paper, we investigate two techniques that can mitigate the impact of frequency variations on GPGPU's throughput: 1) running each core at its maximum frequency independently and 2) disabling the slowest cores. Both can maximize GPGPU's frequency at either the individual core or entire processor level. Our experimental results using a GPGPU simulator and a 32nm technology show that the first and second techniques can improve the throughput of compute- and problem-size-bounded applications by up to 32% and 19%, respectively.
Water-stress-induced heat tolerance in geranium leaf tissues a possible linkage through stress proteins?

Evidence is accumulating in favor of a linkage at the cellular level between various abiotic stresses. We conducted a study to evaluate the effect of water stress on the heat tolerance of zonal geraniums, Pelargonium×hortorum cv. Evening Glow. Water stress was imposed by withholding irrigation until pots reached 30% (by weight) of well-watered controls, and by maintaining the pot weight by additions of water for another 7 days. Leaf xylem water potential (XWP, MPa), relative water content (RWC. %), and heat-stress tolerance (HST; LT50, defined as the temperature causing half-maximal % injury based on electrolyte leakage) were measured in control, stressed, and recovered plants. Proteins were extracted from the leaves following the above treatments, and SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting were performed by using standard procedures. Immunoblots were probed with antibodies to dehydrin and 70-kDa heat shock cognate (HSC70) proteins. Data indicate that XWP and RWC, respectively, were −0.378 MPa and 92.3% for control plants and −0.804 MPa and 78.6% for stressed plants. Water-stressed plants exhibited a significant increase in HST compared to control (LT50 of 55°C vs 51°C). Water-stress-induced HST was not due to heat acclimation (leaf warming in stressed plants). Data also indicate that water-stress treatment did not increase freezing tolerance of geranium leaves. Increased HST was associated with the accumulation of several heat-stable, dehydrin proteins (25–60 kDa), and both cytosolic and ER luminal (BiP) HSC70 proteins. Leaf XWP, RWC, and HST reversed to control levels concomitant with the disappearance/reduction of dehydrins and HSC70 proteins in water-stress-relieved plants. The possibility of a cellular linkage between water stress and heat-stress tolerance is discussed.
Validating the Simulation of Large-Scale Parallel Applications Using Statistical Characteristics

Simulation is a widely adopted method to analyze and predict the performance of large-scale parallel applications. Validating the hardware model is highly important for complex simulations with a large number of parameters. Common practice involves calculating the percent error between the projected and the real execution time of a benchmark program. However, in a high-dimensional parameter space, this coarse-grained approach often suffers from parameter insensitivity, which may not be known a priori. Moreover, the traditional approach cannot be applied to the validation of software models, such as application skeletons used in online simulations. In this work, we present a methodology and a toolset for validating both hardware and software models by quantitatively comparing fine-grained statistical characteristics obtained from execution traces. Although statistical information has been used in tasks like performance optimization, this is the first attempt to apply it to simulation validation. Our experimental results show that the proposed evaluation approach offers significant improvement in fidelity when compared to evaluation using total execution time, and the proposed metrics serve as reliable criteria that progress toward automating the simulation tuning process.
Sulfite residues in restaurant salads

Sulfiting agents, which have been used as salad fresheners to prevent the enzymatic browning of restaurant salads, may pose a hazard to sulfite-sensitive asthmatics. Chopped lettuce treated with a commercial salad freshener at the recommended level of 1 tablespoon per gallon (ca. 5.3 g/L) of dip solution can contain as much as 963 mg/kg (ppm) total SO2 equivalents. Most of the sulfite in chopped lettuce is free SO2. If commercial salad fresheners are abused by using levels in excess of 1 tablespoon per gallon, progressively higher levels of residual sulfite are retained on the lettuce. Cole slaw prepared according to a typical commercial formulation contained 350 mg/kg total SO2. A survey of lettuce salads, cole slaw and potato salads from 25 local and national chain restaurants and delicatessens in Madison, Wisconsin, showed sulfite residue levels to be well below those of a treated salad, indicating a lack of sulfite use.
Microscale Structural Model of Alzheimer’s Aβ(1-40) Amyloid Fibril: Comparative Study of 2- and 3-fold Morphologies

Amyloid fibrils aggregation is a key pathological feature of many severe degenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease and clinical dementia. Moreover, amyloids have been classified as intriguing molecules due to their exceptional strength, sturdiness and elasticity. However, physical models that explain the structural basis of these properties remain largely elusive, preventing the description of the link between their hierarchical structure and physical properties. Here we present an atomistic-based multiscale analysis based on computational materiomics, utilized to predict the structure of the two known polymorphous Alzheimer’s Aβ(1–40) amyloid fibers. We report an analysis of the energies, structural changes and H-bonding for varying amyloid fibril lengths, elucidating their size dependent properties. We also propose an explanation for the different stability of the two morphologies. A structural model of amyloid fibers with lengths of hundreds of nanometers at atomistic resolution is obtained. It predicts the formation of twisted amyloid microfibers in close agreement with experimental results. The approach used here provides a link between the fibril geometry, the chemical interactions and the most stable configuration, and resolves the issue of missing atomistic structures for long amyloid fibers.
Aminopolymer–Silica Composite-Supported Pd Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Alkynes

A single-component, recyclable heterogeneous palladium nanoparticle catalyst is described for the selective hydrogenation of alkynes. The palladium nanoparticles are generated through reduction of Pd(II) species loaded into a mesoporous silica material functionalized with branched poly(ethyleneimine) polymers. An array of composite catalysts with similar polymer composition, palladium loading, and nanoparticle size (∼2 nm) are prepared to understand the importance of the polymer attachment method, the metal reduction method, the polymer molecular weight, and the oxide porosity. Each catalyst shows excellent activity in room temperature, liquid phase hydrogenation of diphenylacetylene to selectively produce cis-stilbene. Interestingly, it was found that the rate of over-hydrogenation could be significantly reduced by increasing the support porosity and using a high-molecular-weight polymer. These single-component catalysts are competitive with the best palladium catalysts known for the selective liquid pha...
The Evaluation Leakage of Legal Infectious Diseases in Hospitals of Bao’an Borough during 2004 to 2005ntion of Baoan district

Objective To determine the situation of the report leakage of legal infectious diseases in hospitals in recent two years and furnish theoretical foundation for the control of infectious diseases.Methods Descriptive statistics to the report of legal infectious diseases in different grade hospitals in 2004 to 2005 was carried out. Result The leakage rate of infectious diseases in hospital was 5.28%,The report leakage of phthisis(15.32%)、parotitis(9.60%)、viral hepatitis(6.74%)、typhoid fever(5.79%)、gonorrhea(3.57%)、hives(3.13%) and bacillary dysentery was severe. Conclusion An integrated report registering is one of the important means to ensure a qualified report of infectious diseases.
"Ignoramics" in Medical and Premedical Education

As physician-essayist Lewis Thomas has urged, ignorance-based courses and curricula are urgently needed in medical education to prepare future generations of scientific physicians and physician-scientists for the uncertain, rapidly changing world ahead. This article reviews the evolving concept of ignorance in general and specifically in medicine and its relationship to knowledge. Issues about goals, content, and assessment of such ignorance-based courses are discussed along with the experience of the University of Arizona's National Institutes of Health-sponsored Summer Institute on Medical Ignorance for medical student researchers and disadvantaged high school students. Summer Institute on Medical Ignorance activities can be readily replicated or adopted in their entirety or partially in both live and Internet-based formats. These will serve to introduce medical ignoramics and questioning as a way to balance the information-overloaded medical curriculum.
Why office testing

Recently, new technologies have enabled more and more tests to be performed in the doctor’s office. The reasons for performing tests in this setting include convenience to the patient, benefit to the physician treating the patient, and advantage to society. Concerns that have arisen with doctor’s office testing include problems with ensuring quality, potential conflicts of interest, and an uncertain reimbursement climate.
Review of the Hispaniolan Parachondria (Chondropomorus) complex (Gastropoda: Littorinoidea: Annulariidae).

The Parachondria ( Chondropomorus ) complex in Hispaniola is reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized including eight new species: Parachondria anatolensis n. sp., Parachondria arcisensis n. sp., Parachondria daedalus n. sp., Parachondria heatheraikenae n. sp., Parachondria isabellinus n. sp., Parachondria muchai n. sp., Parachondria silvaticus n. sp., and Parachondria stigmosus n. sp. Distributional and habitat notes are given for additional taxa. Chondropoma marinum “Weinland” Reeve, 1863, is regarded as a nomen dubium . Chondropoma ( Chondropomorus ) moroni Bartsch, 1946, is reidentified as Crossepoma emilianum (Weinland, 1862). Chondropoma simplex Pfeiffer, 1852, regarded by Bartsch (1946) as a Chondropomorus , is considered a Chondropoma .
Complications of Optical Colonoscopy: CT Findings

The development of colorectal cancer screening programs in many countries has led to increasingly large numbers of patients undergoing optical colonoscopy. Although acute complications from screening optical colonoscopy are uncommon, they may occur in up to 5% or more of patients where biopsies or therapeutic procedures are performed. Abdominal radiographs are of value only for the detection of intraperitoneal perforation. There is a wide spectrum of other important associated complications. Such complications are most reliably identified using abdominal and pelvic CT, which also can guide appropriate conservative, interventional, or surgical management.
Effect of extended postoperative recovery on long-term oncological outcomes.

765Background: Curative cancer surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment of localized malignancies. Extended post operative recovery (eLOS) is associated with debility and immunosuppression. We hypothesized that eLOS is associated with worse long term oncological outcome. Methods: The NCDB participant user file from 2004-13 was utilized to identify patients with localized gastrointestinal malignancies undergoing curative cancer resections. Quartiles (Qx) of length of stay (LOS) were calculated based on histology and site specific indicators. Survival modeling was performed using cox-proportional hazards and conditional models were created. Alpha of 0.05 was set for statistical significance. Results: Of 1,616,215 patients in the cohort, 577,860 patients were included who met inclusion criteria. Majority of patients were ≥65 years (56%) with a predominance of colon cancer (70%). The median length of stay (LOS) varied from 5 days (partial hepatectomy) to 10 days (esophagectomy). After adjusting for age, g...
Racial Disparity in Delivering Definitive Therapy for Intermediate/High-risk Localized Prostate Cancer: The Impact of Facility Features and Socioeconomic Characteristics

Abstract Background The gap in prostate cancer (PCa) survival between Blacks and Whites has widened over the past decade. Investigators hypothesize that this disparity may be partially attributable to differences in rates of definitive therapy between races. Objective To examine facility level variation in the use of definitive therapy among Black and White men for localized PCa. Design, setting, and participants Using data from the National Cancer Data Base, we identified 223 873 White and 59 262 Black men ≥40 yr of age receiving care within the USA with biopsy confirmed localized intermediate/high-risk PCa diagnosed between January 2004 and December 2013. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Multilevel logistic regression was fitted to predict the odds of receiving definitive therapy for PCa. Sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed to adjust for inherent patient and facility-level differences when appropriate. Results and limitations Eighty-three percent ( n =185 647) of White men received definitive therapy compared with 74% ( n =43 662) of Black men between 2004 and 2013. Overall rates of definitive therapy during that time increased for both White (81% vs 83%, p p =0.001) men. However, 39% of treating facilities demonstrated significantly higher rates of definitive therapy in White men, compared with just 1% favoring Black men. Our study is limited by potential selection bias and effect modification. Conclusions After adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, we found that most facilities favored definitive therapy in Whites. Health care providers should be aware of these inherit biases when counseling patients on treatment options for localized PCa. Our study is limited by the retrospective nature of the cohort. Patient summary We found significant differences in rates of radiation and surgical treatment for prostate cancer among White and Black men, with most facilities favoring Whites. Nonclinical factors such as treatment facility type and location influenced rates of therapy.
Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy

Pregnancy results in increased thyroxine-binding globulin and increased thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor activation due to human chorionic gonadotropin. This results in increased secretion of thyroid hormones. In hyperthyroidism patients, propylthiouracil and methimazole are the drugs of choice depending on fetal gestational age. More than half of patients with hypothyroidism will need to increase the dose of their replacement during pregnancy. Thyroid storm is rare but life-threatening and should be managed in an intensive care unit [1].
Amar and Amina

During breakfast, lunch and dinner, our seventeen-year-old son needs to be hand fed. He loves to be handfed, but when will he be able to learn the skill of eating food by his own? He screams at times, bites people to show affection and rolls on the floor for no reason. I wish he could learn the basic activities of daily life skills to live in the society.
Lack of Worsening of Sleep-Disordered Breathing After Recurrent Stroke in the BASIC Project

Study Objectives:To investigate the difference in sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) prevalence and severity after an index and recurrent stroke.Methods:In a sample of 40 subjects, home sleep apnea t...
Neurocognitive and Emotional Functioning in Lung Transplant Candidates: A Preliminary Study

This study reports descriptive data on the neurocognitive and emotional functioning of a clinical series of 39 lung transplant candidates. Results found this group to be of average intelligence, with average simple attention and concentration. Candidates displayed mild to moderate psychomotor slowing, moderate dysnomia, and mild verbal memory and learning deficits. Relative to available normative data, 39% of the patients demonstrated performance deficits at or below three standard deviations from the mean on two or more neurocognitive test variables. Cluster analysis of MMPIs identified three groups: Cluster 1 consisted of 26% of the sample, with significant elevations on scales 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 8 suggestive of clinically significant levels of emotional distress; Cluster 2 consisted of 39% of the sample, with significant elevations on scales 1, 2, and 3 suggestive of moderate somatic concerns and mild emotional disruption; Cluster 3 consisted of 35% of the sample, with no significant MMPI scale elevations. Nearly one-third of the sample obtained MMPI F-K scores suggestive of a “fake-good” response set. Neurocognitive test performance and MMPI scales were only minimally related, suggesting that emotional disruption cannot be used as an explanation for neurocognitive deficits in this sample.
Sacred Positions: A Personal History of Blindness and Singing

This narrative essay explores a blind singer's experience with church singing, a cappella competitions, and Sacred Harp singing. In it, Emily K. Michael maps the conflicts between pervasive disability narratives and audience expectations, as well as the evolving challenges of each genre. Michael discovers that audiences carry the alluring myth of a cure across genres and venues. She comes to privilege the cooperative power of Sacred Harp singing, where personal talent and conventional rehearsal give way to immediacy and welcome. Sacred Harp singing helps Michael transform her own destructive beliefs and the problematic stories of blindness she has encountered.
Adaptive simulation

We propose a new kind of learning environment called an adaptive simulation that more deeply explores and exploits the potential synergy between simulations and intelligent tutoring systems. In an adaptive simulation, the simulation environment is not fixed but rather can be modified by a tutoring agent for optimal pedagogical effect. Types of adaptations include manipulations of simulation time and state, changes in representation to facilitate explanations and/or task performance, and adjustments in simulation complexity by the addition and/or removal of components. Open research issues include how to perform these adaptations and when to employ them for optimal effect.
Exact, approximate, and hybrid treatments of viscous Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities.

We consider Rayleigh-Taylor and Richtmyer-Meshkov instabilities at the interface between two fluids, one or both of which may be viscous. We derive exact analytic expressions for the amplitude $\ensuremath{\eta}(t)$ in the linear regime when only one of the fluids is viscous. The more general case is solved numerically using Laplace transforms. We compare the exact solutions of the initial-value problem with the approximate solutions of the eigenvalue problem used in a simple expression for $\ensuremath{\eta}(t)$ in terms of two growth rates, ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{+}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{-}}$. We then propose a hybrid model as an improvement on the approximate model. The hybrid model is based on the same expression for $\ensuremath{\eta}(t)$ in terms of ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ but uses exact eigenvalues for ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{+}$, the larger growth rate, and a relationship between ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{+}$. We also discuss two concepts: isogrowth wave number pairs and asymptotic decay. The first relies on viscosity in one or both fluids to identify perturbations of two different wavelengths having the same ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{+}$. The second concept, which is more general, can be found in viscous as well as inviscid fluids and requires only a specific initial growth rate ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \dot{}\else \.{}\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\eta}}}_{0}^{\mathrm{critical}}$ to force $\ensuremath{\eta}(t)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0$ as $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$. We present several examples illustrating these two concepts and comparing exact, approximate, and hybrid treatments.
A role for Vibrio vulnificus PecS during hypoxia

The genus Vibrio includes serious human pathogens, and mollusks are a significant reservoir for species such as V. vulnificus. Vibrio species encode PecS, a member of the multiple antibiotic resistance regulator (MarR) family of transcription factors; pecS is divergently oriented to pecM, which encodes an efflux pump. We report here that Vibrio species feature frequent duplications of pecS-pecM genes, suggesting evolutionary pressures to respond to distinct environmental situations. The single V. vulnificus PecS binds two sites within the pecS-pecM intergenic region with Kd = 0.3 ± 0.1 nM, a binding that is attenuated by the ligands xanthine and urate, except when promoter DNA is saturated with PecS. A unique target is found in the intergenic region between genes encoding the nitric oxide sensing transcription factor, NsrR, and nod; the nod-encoded nitric oxide dioxygenase is important for preventing nitric oxide stress. Reporter gene assays show that PecS-mediated repression of gene expression can be relieved in presence of ligand. Since xanthine and urate are produced as part of the oxidative burst during host defenses and under molluscan hypoxia, we propose that these intermediates in the host purine degradation pathway function to promote bacterial survival during hypoxia and oxidative stress.
A nonlinear approach to the U.S.–Australia commodity trade and the J‐curve: Evidence from 123 industries

The application of nonlinear models and asymmetric analysis have recently proven to yield results that are superior to those of the linear and symmetric analysis. However, the new approaches in testing the J‐curve between Australia and the rest of the world or between Australia and her trading partners such as the United States did not yield any significant outcomes. Suspecting that those results suffer from aggregation bias, we apply new methods to the trade flows of 123 industries that trade between the United States and Australia and give evidence of an asymmetric J‐curve in 28 industries. Furthermore, we find short‐run asymmetric effects of exchange rate changes on the trade balance of almost all studies, short‐run impact asymmetric effects in 27 industries and significant long‐run asymmetric effects in 56 industries. Our findings are industry‐specific.
Optimizing concentrations and contact times of cleaning and sanitizing agents for inactivating winery spoilage microorganisms

Microbial management is one of the most critical aspects of winery operations and is normally achieved via chemical control. This study sought to optimize winery cleaning and sanitation protocols for the management of winery spoilage microorganisms by applying multiple techniques commonly found in clinical health settings to winery-relevant conditions. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum biocidal concentration assay and a modified minimum biofilm inactivation assay were performed for three common winery spoilage yeast (S. cerevisiae, B. bruxellensis, Z. baili ). Results indicate that inhibitory and biocidal concentrations vary dramatically between organisms but are largely in line with established application rates for inactivation of all cells in planktonic and biofilm physiologies. Dual-channel fluorescence staining was employed to determine minimum inactivation time for S. cerevisiae using two peracetic acid concentrations. Propidium Iodide and SYBR Green 1 stains were validated as a live/dead proxy (R2 = 0.99) and used to determine the contact time required to inactivate cell suspensions. Peracetic acid treatment trials indicate that S. cerevisiae populations are inactivated in five minutes or less at concentrations of 1−1.5 mg/L. In conjunction, these experiments provide insight for winemakers to critically think about cleaning and sanitation protocols and how to optimize these processes.
Supporting the sexual health of college students with IDD: A call for trainings for inclusive postsecondary education program staff

The purpose of this study was to examine the sexual health needs, beliefs, and access to resources for support staff of students with intellectual and/or developmental disabilities (IDD) in an inclusive postsecondary education (IPSE) program. Sixteen support staff from an IPSE program in the Southeast United States were recruited. Online surveys containing open-ended and Likert scale items were administered. Staff reported that students had limited sexual health knowledge. Students and staff commonly felt uncomfortable discussing sexual health topics. A majority of the staff had not attended any sexual health trainings. IPSE programs lack the necessary sexual health policies for staff to effectively address students’ sexual health questions.
Lanthanum carbonate nanofibers for phosphorus removal from water

Cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers were dipped in alternating solutions of aqueous lanthanum acetate and alkali metal carbonates (for up to 10 cycles) to precipitate lanthanum carbonate. Only sodium carbonate yielded Na–La double-metal carbonates and lanthanum carbonate hydroxide as the cycles of precipitation increased. Potassium and cesium carbonates yielded lanthanite phases that removed more P than inorganics derived from Na2CO3 (212 and 157 mg P g−1 nanofiber, respectively, at pH 7 after 110 h). The lanthanum carbonate from Na2CO3 and K2CO3 showed the greatest potential for P removal when exposed to groundwater for more than 24 h. Among the phase and pH-dependent mechanisms of P removal, lanthanite transformed to lanthanum phosphate at neutral pH and phosphate ions exchanged with carbonate ions. Hydration of crystalline phases (synthesized from Na2CO3 and Cs2CO3) was accompanied by phosphate ion sorption at pH 10. Within 24 h, phosphate ion sorption was higher at pH 10 than pH 7, indicating that ion exchange between phosphate and carbonate at pH 7 occurs relatively slower than diffusion of hydrated phosphate ions at pH 10. Selective P removal of the developed lanthanum carbonate mineralized nanofibers will help develop novel water purification technology that can be used in contaminated sites.
Long-term observations from Antarctica demonstrate that mismatched scales of fisheries management and predator-prey interaction lead to erroneous conclusions about precaution.

Low catch limits for forage species are often considered to be precautionary measures that can help conserve marine predators. Difficulties measuring the impacts of fisheries removals on dependent predators maintain this perspective, but consideration of the spatio-temporal scales over which forage species, their predators, and fisheries interact can aid assessment of whether low catch limits are as precautionary as presumed. Antarctic krill are targeted by the largest fishery in the Southern Ocean and are key forage for numerous predators. Current krill removals are considered precautionary and have not been previously observed to affect krill-dependent predators, like penguins. Using a hierarchical model and 30+ years of monitoring data, we show that expected penguin performance was reduced when local harvest rates of krill were ≥0.1, and this effect was similar in magnitude to that of poor environmental conditions. With continued climate warming and high local harvest rates, future observations of penguin performance are predicted to be below the long-term mean with a probability of 0.77. Catch limits that are considered precautionary for forage species simply because the limit is a small proportion of the species’ standing biomass may not be precautionary for their predators.
Definition and Concept of Vascular Cognitive Impairment

Worldwide, it is estimated that approximately 35 million people had dementia in 2010. With the prevalence of this condition expected to double every 20 years, dementia remains an important public health challenge. These estimates along with the growing costs of contemporary medical care have heightened interest in this disabling and progressive condition. Alzheimer disease and vascular cognitive impairment account for almost 70% of all the dementias. These two entities were traditionally considered divergent disorders. However, autopsy studies and data obtained using state-of-the-art neuroimaging modalities demonstrate that these dementia subtypes commonly coexist in the elderly. There is substantial observational epidemiologic evidence that links vascular risk factors in midlife to Alzheimer disease in the elderly. In addition, neurodegeneration and atherosclerosis have a synergistic effect on cognitive decline. These observations have fueled the provocative idea that a substantial number of the dementia cases can be prevented by controlling traditional vascular risk factors. In this chapter, we review the epidemiology and the evolution of diagnostic criteria for dementia with special emphasis on vascular cognitive impairment. In addition, we discuss the contribution of vascular risk factors to neurodegeneration and novel strategies to prevent or delay cognitive decline.
Foundation of stochastic fractional calculus with fractional approximation of stochastic processes

Here we consider and study very general stochastic positive linear operators induced by general positive linear operators that are acting on continuous functions. These are acting on the space of real fractionally differentiable stochastic processes. Under some very mild, general and natural assumptions on the stochastic processes we produce related fractional stochastic Shisha–Mond type inequalities of $$L^{q}$$-type $$1\le q\, 0$$, $$\alpha \notin \mathbb {N}$$. The impressive fact is that the basic real Korovkin test functions assumptions are enough for the conclusions of our fractional stochastic Korovkin theory. We give applications to stochastic Bernstein operators.
FFT-based high order central difference schemes for three-dimensional Poisson's equation with various types of boundary conditions

Abstract In this paper, a unified approach is introduced to implement high order central difference schemes for solving Poisson's equation via the fast Fourier transform (FFT). Popular high order fast Poisson solvers in the literature include compact finite differences and spectral methods. However, FFT-based high order central difference schemes have never been developed for Poisson problems, because with long stencils, central differences require fictitious nodes outside the boundary, which poses a challenge to integrate boundary conditions in FFT computations. To overcome this difficulty, several layers of exterior grid lines are introduced to convert the problem to an immersed boundary problem with zero-padding solutions beyond the original cubic domain. Over the boundary of the enlarged cubic domain, the anti-symmetric property is naturally satisfied so that the FFT fast inversion is feasible, while the immersed boundary problem can be efficiently solved by the proposed augmented matched interface and boundary (AMIB) method. As the first fast Poisson solver based on high order central differences, the AMIB method can be easily implemented in any dimension, due to its tensor product nature of the discretization. As a systematical approach, the AMIB method can be made to arbitrarily high order in principle, and can handle the Dirichlet, Neumann, Robin or any combination of boundary conditions. The accuracy, efficiency, and robustness of the proposed AMIB method are numerically validated by considering various Poisson problems in two and three dimensions.
Social Media Expression as a Collective Strategy: How Perceptions of Discrimination and Group Status Shape US Latinos’ Online Discussions of Immigration:

The visibility and association affordances of social media facilitate their potential use for collective action, especially for marginalized and disempowered groups. Guided by social identity theor...
Design and operation of a human color vision inspired sensor for proximate standoff detection

The proliferation of chemical threats in the modern world requires the development of new, low cost, flexible sensors, with the ability to be widely deployed. Ideally these sensors will be capable of both proximate and standoff sensing of threats (i.e. not require intimate contact with the chemical) without the need for highly trained/specialized operators. To meet this unique set of requirements, we are developing a bio-inspired chemical sensing method modeled on human color vision. This bio-inspired approach provides the ability to quickly and reliably discriminate between chemicals based on the interaction of infrared chemical absorption bands with selected broadband infrared filters. Here we describe the capabilities of a prototype bio-inspired sensor for standoff detection of threat chemicals on surfaces versus common interferents. We discuss the design and operation of the bio-inspired sensor and preliminary data demonstrating its ability to discriminate between a nerve agent simulant dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) and the common background interferent US Army insect repellant (containing N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET)) in a laboratory environment. We discuss paths forward for this technology, as well as how the bio-inspired sensing approach can result in high-confidence discrimination of threats at proximate standoff distances.
Not Where You Start, but How Much You Grow: An Addendum to the Coleman Report

The Equality of Educational Opportunity Study (1966)—the Coleman Report—lodged a key takeaway in the minds of educators, researchers, and parents: Schools do not strongly shape students’ achievemen...
A Consensual Qualitative Research Exploration of School Counselor Multicultural Education Behaviors

In this consensual qualitative research study, we explored how school counselors enact multicultural education behaviors by studying the experiences of 10 practicing school counselors. We also exam...
A dynamic lot sizing problem with multiple customers: customer-specific shipping and backlogging costs

This paper considers a dynamic lot sizing problem faced by a producer who supplies a single product to multiple customers. Characterized by their backorder costs as well as shipping costs, a customer with a high backorder cost has a greater need for the product than a customer with a low backorder cost. We show that the general problem with time-varying customer-dependent backlogging and shipping costs is NP-hard in the strong sense. We then develop an efficient dynamic programming algorithm for an important instance of the problem when there is no speculative motive for backlogging. We also establish forecast horizon results for the case of stationary production and shipping costs, which help the decision maker determine a proper forecast horizon in a rolling-horizon planning process.
Solutions of Problems: Definite and Indefinite Integrals

In this chapter, the problems of the seventh chapter are fully solved, in detail, step-by-step, and with different methods. The subjects include definite integrals, indefinite integrals, substitution rule for integrals, integration techniques, integration by parts, integrals involving trigonometric functions, trigonometric substitutions, integration using partial fractions, integrals involving roots, integrals involving quadratics, applications of integrals, average value, area between curves, and volume of solid of revolution.
The prenatal causes of slight lateral ventricular enlargement in infants treated in a neonatal intensive care unit.

The aim of this study was to determine the prenatal causes of slight lateral ventricular enlargement in infants treated in a neonatal intensive care unit.We examined 318 infants with a gestational ...
Human Engineering of Decision Aids

Publisher Summary The purpose of a decision aid is to provide an analysis of a problem that is acceptable to the decision maker, and that makes recommendations for future action. The final recommendation must be consistent with all other information provided by the decision maker. Presumably the decision aid contains procedures for detecting inconsistencies, whether they occur among the initial judgments or between the final recommendations and the person's global evaluation of the options. The formal system of decision analysis concerns the specification of beliefs and values. Because decision theory itself provides the rationale for evaluating any behavior, self reference occurs whenever there are attempts to evaluate the statements of value. Invariance of recommendation under changes in context may be the safest guide to action. The value of a decision analysis lies in the insight that it provides into the decision maker's value system, rather than in specific recommendations for action. Several computer programs have recently appeared that can implement such a decision analysis. These programs make few assumptions about the nature of the person's problem, and include procedures for helping the person to describe any problem in terms that would be suitable for analysis. The overall goal of the system is to arrive at a choice that maximizes some explicit criterion, given certain assumptions about the nature of the problem. Achieving the objective of the decision system is clearly dependent on input of some sort from the human decision maker. There is discussion on communication between decision maker and decision aid—model selection, problem structuring, representation and translation, information retrieval, generating new ideas, and quantification.
A global exponential position tracking controller for a permanent magnet stepper motor via output feedback

A nonlinear voltage controller is presented for position tracking of a permanent magnet stepper motor. The controller uses an integrator backstepping approach in conjunction with nonlinear observers to produce global exponential position tracking based solely on position measurements. Experimental results are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy. >
Simplicidad y claridad estructurales: la producción de cláusulas relativas en castellano

This article constitutes a psycholinguistic approach to the study of the occurrence of relative pronouns (RP) in relative clauses (RC) in Spanish, considering that this type of construction is common in nonstandard varieties of the language and are often censored in the descriptive grammars.Since there are no experimental studies on the subject in Spanish, this work is based partly on a study conducted by Ferreira and Swets (2004) on a similar phenomenon in English. The research aims to determine whether direct object and oblique RP are a repair strategy for insufficiently planned sentences and if the subject RP may appear in controlled situations derived from the contrast of two possible antecedents
Stuck in the conflicted middle: a roletheoretic perspective on B2B e-marketplaces

Over the years, research on the implications of information technology on network governance structures has explored the "move to the market" and the "move to the middle" hypotheses. The middle is a space in which the logic and modalities of markets and hierarchies are intermingled. There is increasing evidence that most network relations reflect mixed-mode or hybrid logic. Despite the apparent advantages that make the middle so populous or "swollen" (Hennart 1993, p. 472), Kambil et al. (1999) highlight that it is riddled with uncertainty and high transaction costs. They label it "the conflicted middle" and propose that online marketplaces, specifically all-in-one markets, are capable of resolving this conflict. Unfortunately, however, Kambil et al. provide limited insight into both the nature of the conflict that plagues the middle and the ability of all-in-one markets to resolve it. To address these questions, this paper applies a role-theoretic perspective to the study of an e-marketplace that served the energy industry and evolved into an all-in-one market. Relying on an interpretive case study, this paper addresses the following research questions: (1) What is the nature of the conflict that characterizes the conflicted middle? (2) How do e-marketplaces, specifically all-in-one markets, help resolve this conflict? Our research highlights that brokers, trading partners, and agents who operate in the middle (where the contradictory logic of markets and hierarchies are mixed) experience goal, behavior, and identity conflict. All-in-one markets can help resolve these conflicts by supporting role integration at the group level and role segmentation at the individual level.
Groupware and Text Technologies

In this talk, I will outline the history of text technologies and the ways in which they have supported groups working across time and place and changed work practices. I will focus on the rise of annotation practices and its importance to reading and writing processes, and review new technologies that are likely to change the ways in which annotation can enhance and will alter traditional reading and writing practices, both in collaborative writing and in cooperative learning to write. I will raise some directions for future research, including how professionals read and annotate, how readers might make use of annotations produced by others, and how interfaces to annotations are likely to affect communication and collaboration. I will identify outstanding research issues, research methods that are likely to be productive in furthering our theories of workplace and classroom communication, and draw implications for the design of annotation technologies in groupware.