cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the effects of observed physicality conflicts on real-virtual human interaction in augmented reality

Augmented reality (AR) enables the illusion of computer-generated virtual objects and humans co-existing with us in the real world. Virtual humans (VHs) in AR can further induce an illusion of physicality in the real world due to their form of presentation and their behavior, such as showing awareness of their surroundings. However, certain behaviors can cause a conflict that breaks this illusion, for example, when we see a VH passing through a physical object. In this paper we describe a human-subject study that we performed to test the hypothesis that participants experience higher copresence in conflict-free circumstances, and we investigate the magnitude of this effect and behavioral manifestations. Participants perceived a social situation in a room that they shared with a VH as seen through a HoloLens head-mounted display. The behavior of the VH either caused conflicts with (occupied the same space as) physical entities, or avoided them. Our results show that the conflicts in physicality significantly reduced subjective reports of copresence. Moreover, we observed that participants were more likely to cause a conflict (occupy the same space as) virtual entities in case the VH had avoided the conflict. We discuss implications for future research and shared AR setups with real-virtual human interactions.
The cerebellum and learning of non-motor associations in individuals at clinical-high risk for psychosis

The cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuit (CTCC) has been implicated in schizophrenia. However, this work has been limited to structural and functional networks, or behavior, and to date, has not been evaluated in clinical high-risk (CHR) youth, a group at elevated risk for psychosis. Here, we used an innovative learning paradigm known to activate the CTCC (while limiting potential motor confounds) to evaluate CHR and healthy control individuals during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). 20 CHR and 21 healthy control individuals performed a second-order rule learning task while undergoing fMRI. This was preceded and followed by the paradigm under dual-task conditions. In addition, all participants underwent structured clinical interviews to confirm a prodromal syndrome and assess symptom severity. The rate of learning did not differ between groups. However, the CHR group consistently performed more poorly under dual-task conditions, and exhibited a higher dual-task cost after learning. Further, learning rate in the CHR group was significantly associated with symptom severity. Both groups showed activation in regions of the CTCC. During early learning, the CHR group exhibited greater engagement of regions of the default mode network, suggesting that they were less able to engage the appropriate task positive networks. During late learning, there were qualitative differences wherein controls showed more prefrontal cortical activation. Higher order cognitive rule learning is related to symptom severity in CHR individuals. fMRI revealed that CHR individuals may not reliably disengage the default mode network, and during late learning high-risk youth may not engage the prefrontal cortex as extensively as controls.
Evaluation of Boerhavia erecta L. for potential antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a fast-growing chronic metabolic disorder and a leading cause of death worldwide. Today herbal drugs are in great demand for the treatment of diabetes because of the adverse effects caused by allopathic drugs. In the present study, whole plant of Boerhavia erecta L. was evaluated for antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities in STZ-induced type 2 diabetic Wistar rats. An OGTT was performed on normal rats. B. erecta (200 and 400 mg/kg) was orally administered to diabetic rats for 28 days. The blood glucose levels were determined on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th days after oral administration of B. erecta (200 and 400 mg/kg) and standard drug (glibenclamide, 0.6 mg/kg). The extract's effect on body weight, plasma enzymes (SGOT, SGPT and ALP), total protein, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL levels were also analysed. In OGTT, the treatment with B. erecta showed a highly significant (P ≤ .001) reduction in plasma glucose levels, 30 min after glucose load. On diabetic rats, the extract showed a significant (P ≤ .001) reduction in blood glucose, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, TC, LDL, VLDL, TG and a significant (P ≤ .001) increase in body weight, total protein and HDL levels. Histopathological studies also supported the antidiabetic effect of the extract. This study suggests that B. erecta possess significant antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic activities.
Cartoon: At the Flat Earth Society

(2002). Cartoon: At the Flat Earth Society. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 75, No. 5, pp. 366-366.
In vivo control mechanism of the carboxylation reaction.

It is hardly surprising that both the synthesis and the activity of the enzyme ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase are highly regulated. This most abundant enzyme on earth catalyzes the entry of CO2 into the reductive pentose phosphate pathway (Calvin cycle) (1), the pathway leading to the reduction of CO2 to sugar phosphates in all green plants (2), including those with a prelimin ary C4 cycle (3) for CO2 accumulation. Such first reactions are often the sites of important metabolic regulation. The carboxylation reaction is one of four steps in the Calvin cycle unique to that cycle and not found in the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle (the other such reactions are the ones converting fructose and sedo heptulose bisphosphates to their respective monophosphates and the reaction converting ribulose 5-phosphate to RuBP) (Figure 1). All four of these reactions are inactivated or are less active in the dark, when the oxidative pentose phosphate cycle and the glycolytic pathway operate. The inactivation in the dark of these four reactions unique to the reductive cycle is required to prevent the oper ation of futile cycles.
Indoor segmentation and support inference from RGBD images

We present an approach to interpret the major surfaces, objects, and support relations of an indoor scene from an RGBD image. Most existing work ignores physical interactions or is applied only to tidy rooms and hallways. Our goal is to parse typical, often messy, indoor scenes into floor, walls, supporting surfaces, and object regions, and to recover support relationships. One of our main interests is to better understand how 3D cues can best inform a structured 3D interpretation. We also contribute a novel integer programming formulation to infer physical support relations. We offer a new dataset of 1449 RGBD images, capturing 464 diverse indoor scenes, with detailed annotations. Our experiments demonstrate our ability to infer support relations in complex scenes and verify that our 3D scene cues and inferred support lead to better object segmentation.
Deformable reflective diaphragm sensors for control of soft pneumatically actuated devices

This paper presents an optical sensing method for measuring complex deformations in soft pneumatic actuators. The proposed approach involves a reflective elastic diaphragm which changes shape and position as an actuator deforms, producing measurable changes in reflected infrared (IR) light which are then used to monitor and control the kinematic and kinetic states of the actuators. In this approach, we place arrays of IR detectors near a diaphragm to capture light reflected from several angles and positions and enable the estimation of multiple coupled deformation modes simultaneously. These IR detector data, along with actuation pressure data, is used to train model that decouples complex pneumatic actuator motion into the desired actuator degrees of freedom. As an illustrative example, three soft reflective sensors are used to measure the motion of a pneumatic bending actuator having both flexion and abduction DOFs. A simple linear regression model trained on diaphragm sensor and pressure data yielded accurate and repeatable position estimates for both DOFs. Experimental evaluation of the bending actuators in a soft grasp assist device demonstrate that the reflective diaphragm sensors, when combined with actuation pressure data, allow detection of actuator tip motion and contact forces.
A discrete model for prediction of radon flux from fractured rocks

Abstract Prediction of radon flux from the fractured zone of a propagating cave mine is basically associated with uncertainty and complexity. For instance, there is restricted access to these zones for field measurements, and it is quite difficult to replicate the complex nature of both natural and induced fractures in these zones in laboratory studies. Hence, a technique for predicting radon flux from a fractured rock using a discrete fracture network (DFN) model is developed to address these difficulties. This model quantifies the contribution of fractures to the total radon flux, and estimates the fracture density from a measured radon flux considering the effects of advection, diffusion, as well as radon generation and decay. Radon generation and decay are classified as reaction processes. Therefore, the equation solved is termed as the advection-diffusion-reaction equation (ADRE). Peclet number (Pe), a conventional dimensionless parameter that indicates the ratio of mass transport by advection to diffusion, is used to classify the transport regimes. The results show that the proposed model effectively predicts radon flux from a fractured rock. An increase in fracture density for a rock sample with uniformly distributed radon generation rate can elevate radon flux significantly compared with another rock sample with an equivalent increase in radon generation rate. In addition to Pe, two other independent dimensionless parameters (derived for radon transport through fractures) significantly affect radon dimensionless flux. Findings provide insight into radon transport through fractured rocks and can be used to improve radon control measures for proactive mitigation.
Common DNA Variants Accurately Rank an Individual of Extreme Height.

Polygenic scores (or genetic risk scores) quantify the aggregate of small effects from many common genetic loci that have been associated with a trait through genome-wide association. Polygenic scores were first used successfully in schizophrenia and have since been applied to multiple phenotypes including multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and height. Because human height is an easily-measured and complex polygenic trait, polygenic height scores provide exciting insights into the predictability of aggregate common variant effect on the phenotype. Shawn Bradley is an extremely tall former professional basketball player from Brigham Young University and the National Basketball Association (NBA), measuring 2.29 meters (7 6 , 99.99999th percentile for height) tall, with no known medical conditions. Here, we present a case where a rare combination of common SNPs in one individual results in an extremely high polygenic height score that is correlated with an extreme phenotype. While polygenic scores are not clinically significant in the average case, our findings suggest that for extreme phenotypes, polygenic scores may be more successful for the prediction of individuals.
Model-Based Software Synthesis for Safety-Critical Cyber-Physical Systems

In many cyber-physical systems (CPS), software has become critical and drives future innovations. CPS software development, however, faces significant challenges from increasing functional and architectural complexity, dynamic and uncertain physical environment, and diverse design objectives and stringent system requirements. In this chapter, we introduce a model-based software synthesis flow that optimizes the generation of software tasks from functional models and the mapping of those tasks onto embedded platforms, with respect to system timing, security, fault tolerance, performance, modularity, reusability, memory usage, etc. Our approach addresses timing holistically throughout task generation and task mapping, ensures functional correctness, and enables quantitative trade-offs among different design objectives.
Apunts per una arqueologia dels castells i fortificacions pre-feudals a l'Alt Pirineu (Urgell, Pallars i Ribagorça), segles VI-X

A partir de les dades procedents de la documentacio escrita i l’arqueologia, hem georeferenciat els elements fortificats dels que tenim coneixement pels segles vi-x i hem establert algunes pautes a seguir per millorar el nostre coneixement sobre aquesta tipologia de jaciments arqueologics. Hem procurat entendre la logica de la seva ubicacio a partir de les vies de comunicacio, les activitats productives i el creixement d’un nou model d’organitzacio de la societat i del poder. Finalment hem plantejat la problematica de donar continuitat i avancar en el coneixement d’aquestes fortificacions prefeudals.
Maternal and Breast Milk Influences on the Infant Gut Microbiome, Enteric Health and Growth Outcomes of Rhesus Monkeys.

OBJECTIVES Gut bacteria play an essential role during infancy and are strongly influenced by the mode of birth and feeding. A primate model was used to investigate the benefits of exposure to the mother or conversely the negative impact of early nursery rearing on microbial colonization. METHOD Rectal swabs were obtained from rhesus macaques born vaginally and mother-reared (MR, N = 35) or delivered primarily via cesarean-section and human-reared (HR, N = 19). Microbiome composition was determined by rRNA gene amplicon sequencing at 2, 4, and 8 weeks of age and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) orthologs used to assess influences on functional metabolic pathways in the gut. Growth trajectories and incidence of diarrheic symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS The microbial community structure was different between MR and HR infants with respect to phylogeny and abundance at all 3 ages. When examining dominant phyla, HR infants had a higher Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio. At the genus level, breast milk-dependent commensal taxa and adult-typical genera were more abundant in MR infants. This difference resulted in a corresponding shift in the predicted metabolic effects, specifically for microbial genes associated with metabolism and immune function. HR infants had faster growth trajectories (P < 0.001), but more diarrheic symptoms by 6 months postnatal (P = 0.008). CONCLUSIONS MR infants acquired adult-typical microbiota more quickly, and had higher levels of several beneficial commensal taxa. Cesarean-delivered and formula-fed infants had different developmental trajectories of bacterial colonization. Establishment of the gut microbiome was associated with an infant's growth trajectory, and implicated in the subsequent vulnerability to Campylobacter infections associated with diarrhea in infant monkeys.
Classical Logic and the Strict Tolerant Hierarchy

In their recent article “A Hierarchy of Classical and Paraconsistent Logics”, Eduardo Barrio, Federico Pailos and Damien Szmuc (BPS hereafter) present novel and striking results about meta-inferential validity in various three valued logics. In the process, they have thrown open the door to a hitherto unrecognized domain of non-classical logics with surprising intrinsic properties, as well as subtle and interesting relations to various familiar logics, including classical logic. One such result is that, for each natural number n, there is a logic which agrees with classical logic on tautologies, inferences, meta-inferences, meta-meta-inferences, meta-meta-...(n - 3 times)-meta-inferences, but that disagrees with classical logic on n + 1-meta-inferences. They suggest that this shows that classical logic can only be characterized by defining its valid inferences at all orders. In this article, I invoke some simple symmetric generalizations of BPS’s results to show that the problem is worse than they suggest, since in fact there are logics that agree with classical logic on inferential validity to all orders but still intuitively differ from it. I then discuss the relevance of these results for truth theory and the classification problem.
Regadenoson Stress Perfusion Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Children With Kawasaki Disease and Coronary Artery Disease.

Coronary artery (CA) stenosis and occlusion in convalescent Kawasaki disease (KD) is progressive and may result in myocardial infarction. The use of regadenoson, a strong selective CA vasodilator with low side effect profile, for stress cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has not been studied in children with KD. The safety, feasibility, and diagnostic utility of regadenoson stress CMR was assessed in children with KD and CA abnormalities. A retrospective review of regadenoson stress CMR in children with convalescent KD was performed. Hemodynamics changes after regadenoson administration and adverse effects were recorded. First-pass perfusion was evaluated at rest and during pharmacologic stress. The results were compared with anatomic CA imaging. Forty-one stress CMR (18 sedated examinations, 44%) were performed successfully in 32 patients. Median age was 11.2 years (range 2.2 to 18.6) and weight 41 kg (range 13 to 93.4). Heart rate increased 66 ± 25% (p 90% negative and overall agreement with moderate-to-severe CA stenoses. Four patients with hypoperfusion underwent revascularization for severe CA stenoses. In conclusion, regadenoson stress CMR is hemodynamically safe and feasible in children with KD and CA disease. It has excellent agreement with CA angiography and aided decision-making to proceed with revascularization.
Interacting Race/Ethnicity and Legal Factors on Sentencing Decisions: A Test of the Liberation Hypothesis

The purpose of the current study was to assess how well the liberation hypothesis explained sentencing decisions in Pennsylvania. Using eight years of data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sente...
Development of mobile applications to study engineering students’ patterns of learning

This Research Work in Progress Paper presents a novel mobile software application created to perform ecological momentary assessment in two longitudinal studies with undergraduate engineering students. The studies collect learning activity data from first and second-year mechanical engineering students to examine the correlation of active learning with grit growth and student success and retention, and the possible associations between these factors. The software system consists of native Android and iOS mobile applications and a REST-based server application for prompting and collecting learning activity data from student participants. The system utilizes personalized student schedule data to push notifications to students on their smartphones as they complete each class or lab section. Students then submit the amount of time they spent in each class doing different types of activities including interactive, constructive, active, and passive. Students also receive notification reminders to enter out-of-class study activities. The system also includes automated daily audits and notifications to ensure consistent data entry activity. This paper will discuss the research context, early study results, software architecture, and the software development experience including institutional challenges, rationale for technology choices, strategies for developing research software with student developers, and lessons learned.
Monarchy, Print Culture, and Reverence in Early Modern England : Picturing Royal Subjects

This richly illustrated and interdisciplinary study examines the commercial mediation of royalism through print and visual culture from the second half of the seventeenth century. The rapidly growing marketplace of books, periodicals, pictures, and material objects brought the spectacle of monarchy to a wide audience, saturating spaces of daily life in later Stuart and early Hanoverian England. Images of the royal family, including portrait engravings, graphic satires, illustrations, medals and miniatures, urban signs, playing cards, and coronation ceramics were fundamental components of the political landscape and the emergent public sphere. Koscak considers the affective subjectivities made possible by loyalist commodities; how texts and images responded to anxieties about representation at moments of political uncertainty; and how individuals decorated, displayed, and interacted with pictures of rulers. Despite the fractious nature of party politics and the appropriation of royal representations for partisan and commercial ends, print media, images, and objects materialized emotional bonds between sovereigns and subjects as the basis of allegiance and obedience. They were read and re-read, collected and exchanged, kept in pockets and pasted to walls, and looked upon as repositories of personal memory, national history, and political reverence.
Parametric optimization for morphing structures design: application to morphing wings adapting to changing flight conditions

Morphing structures can allow significant improvements in performance by optimally changing shape across varying conditions. A critical barrier to the design of morphing structures is the challenge of determining how optimal shape changes as a function of the many operating conditions that affect optimality. Traditional engineering optimization techniques are able to determine an optimal shape only for one condition or an aggregation over operating conditions (i.e., optimizing average performance). Parametric optimization is an alternative approach that can solve a family of related optimization problems simultaneously. Herein the authors analyze the design of a structurally consistent camber morphing wing for light aircraft applications using parametric optimization techniques. The approach combines rigorous consideration of structural constraints via Class/Shape Transformation (CST) equations and use of a C1-continuous analytical representation of wing outer mold line geometry with the Predictive Parametric Pareto Genetic Algorithm (P3GA), an algorithm for nonlinear multi-parametric optimization. The system is tuned to maximize lift-to-drag ratio, a key metric for aircraft flight range. Kriging-based interpolation is applied to P3GA output to obtain an optimal solution map determining optimal shape variable values as a function of flight conditions (airspeed, angle of attack, and altitude). Solutions obtained from iterated use of traditional optimization techniques are utilized to benchmark the more novel and efficient parametric optimization accuracy. Results show that parametric optimization is useful for optimizing morphing structures across a range of operating conditions.
Performative Wokeness/White Victimhood: The Hypocrisy of Celebrity Villainization of Paparazzi

As part of the short-lived #ITakeResponsibility campaign, an all-white cast of celebrities released a video on June 11, 2020, vowing to “take responsibility” for systemic and specifically anti-Blac...
Ineffectual AEC1 Differentiation from KRT8hi Transitional Cells without Fibrosis Associated with Fatal Acute Respiratory Failure in COVID-19 ARDS

COVID-19 ARDS is associated with prolonged ventilator dependence and high mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Critical to the pathogenesis of ARDS is injury to the alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) barrier; clinical recovery requires epithelial regeneration. We previously identified a KRT8hi transitional state that regenerating AEC2s adopt during differentiation into AEC1s, the persistence of which may be pathogenic in pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we hypothesize that ineffectual differentiation of transitional cells into AEC1s without fibrosis may perpetuate barrier permeability and poor clinical outcomes in COVID-19 ARDS. To test this hypothesis, we examined postmortem lung tissue of COVID-19 ARDS patients. We observed extensive AEC1 injury, rare mature AEC2s, and abundant transitional cells. Transitional cells were cuboidal, partially spread or, rarely, flat but did not express AEC1 markers. They formed monolayers on alveolar septa denuded of AEC1s but structurally normal without fibrosis. We conclude that ineffectual AEC1 differentiation from transitional AECs may perpetuate barrier permeability and respiratory failure in COVID-19 ARDS. In contrast to fibrosis, transitional AECs may retain the capacity for physiologic AEC1 regeneration with restoration of normal alveolar architecture and function. Novel therapies to promote AEC1 differentiation from transitional cells may accelerate barrier restitution and clinical recovery in ARDS.
The Contingent Nature of Public Policy and the Growth of US Commercial Banking

That public policy affects organizational behaviors is well accepted, but less explored is how these effects may depend on other external environmental factors. We investigated policy as a necessary, but not sufficient, condition for understanding the growth of commercial banking in the United States, 1896-1978. We highlight a trade-off for banks between centralized and dispersed growth strategies and show that which strategy prevails depends on how policy enabling branching interacts with technological, economic, and cultural environments. Our findings contribute to understanding the contingent effects of policy on organizations and on the growth of large corporations in the 20th century.
Zeolite membranes: Synthesis and applications

Abstract Membrane-based technology has attracted considerable attention owing to its low energy consumption, mild operating conditions, and high efficiency. Polymeric membranes are widely utilized in different separation processes for their low cost and highly reproducible preparation. Fouling and the trade-off between permeability and selectivity represent the main drawbacks in the polymeric membrane field. These problems could be overcome by using inorganic membranes that are less prone to fouling due to their hydrophilic nature, high chemical stability, and high permeability and selectivity. Zeolite membranes, a type of inorganic membranes, can separate liquid and gas species (with very similar size and shape) thanks to their defined pore size at a molecular level and high adsorption property. They are studied in different separation processes as gas separation, pervaporation, and desalination. However, they find application, at the industrial level, only for alcohol dehydration by pervaporation process. Indeed, although 30 years are passed since the first scientific papers about the zeolite membrane preparation, many problems are still unsolved, as reproducibility of the synthesis, defects into the zeolite layer, and high manufacturing costs, which caused a limitation to their application on a large scale. In this review, the main zeolite membrane preparation methods and the novelty in their developing and fabricating have been analyzed. Their application in pervaporation and desalination has been discussed. The effect of zeolite membrane topology and chemical composition on natural gas purification has been presented in detail. The application of zeolite membrane reactors in different interesting processes has been discussed. Concluding remarks and future perspective have been also suggested.
SAUTE: sequence assembly using target enrichment.

Illumina is the dominant sequencing technology at this time. Short length, short insert size, some systematic biases, and low-level carryover contamination in Illumina reads continue to make assembly of repeated regions a challenging problem. Some applications also require finding multiple well supported variants for assembled regions. To facilitate assembly of repeat regions and to report multiple well supported variants when a user can provide target sequences to assist the assembly, we propose SAUTE and SAUTE_PROT assemblers. Both assemblers use de Bruijn graph on reads. Targets can be transcripts or proteins for RNA-seq reads and transcripts, proteins, or genomic regions for genomic reads. Target sequences are nucleotide and protein sequences for SAUTE and SAUTE_PROT, respectively. For RNA-seq, comparisons with Trinity, rnaSPAdes, SPAligner, and SPAdes assembly of reads aligned to target proteins by DIAMOND show that SAUTE_PROT finds more coding sequences that translate to benchmark proteins. Using AMRFinderPlus calls, we find SAUTE has higher sensitivity and precision than SPAdes, plasmidSPAdes, SPAligner, and SPAdes assembly of reads aligned to target regions by HISAT2. It also has better sensitivity than SKESA but worse precision.
Literature Review of Percutaneous Stenting for Palliative Treatment of Malignant Superior Vena Cava Syndrome (SVCS).

Rationale and Objectives To assess the efficacy and safety of percutaneous stenting for the palliative treatment of malignant superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS). Methods and Materials Literature review of retrospective studies was performed regarding direct procedural complications (fatal and non-fatal), clinical effectiveness, and patency rates (primary and secondary) of percutaneous transluminal stenting for the palliative treatment of malignant SVCS. Pooled rates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated for fatal complications, non-fatal complications, clinical effectiveness, primary patency, and secondary patency. Pooled rates were presented overall and by stent types (Wallstent, Nitinol stents, Steel stents and Stent Graft). Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare rates by stent type. Results Overall fatal complications rate was 1.46%, 95% CI [0.91 –2.23], non-fatal complications rate was 8.28%, 95% CI [6.91 –9.83], clinical effectiveness was 90.50%, 95% CI [88.86 –91.97], primary patency rate was 86.18%, 95% CI [84.06-88.12], secondary patency rate was 94.05 %, 95% CI [91.82 –95.82]. Primary patency rate of the Wallstent group was 83.38%, 95% CI [79.34 –86.90], and significantly higher for the Nitinol group 94.87%, 95% CI [87.40 –98.60], OR = 3.67, p = 0.01, and for the Stent Graft group 96.10%, 95% CI [89.00 –99.20], OR = 4.92, p = 0.01. Secondary patency rate for the Wallstent group was 93.33%, 95% CI [88.87 –96.40] and significantly lower for the Steel group 77.42%, 95% CI [58.90 –90.41], OR = 0.25, p = 0.01. Conclusion Percutaneous stenting is a safe option for palliative treatment of patients with malignant SVCS with greater than 90% of patients experiencing immediate relief of symptoms, low rates of fatal complications (1.46%) and high patency rates (86.18% primary patency and 94.05% secondary patency).
Synchronous Machines in the Steady State

Essentially all of the world’s electrical power is generated by synchronous machines. This chapter will deal with the operation of a synchronous generator in the steady state. Much of the initial work in electromagnetic finite elements began with the analysis of synchronous machines [36] [7]. This work had been preceded by extensive work in the finite difference modeling of turbine generators [37] [38]. The goal of this modeling was to predict the steady state operation of the generator such as the computation of excitation requirements under load and the computation of steady state reactances. In the process of finding the excitation requirements, the load angle and several components of loss may be found from the same calculation. Eddy current (magnetodynamic) and transient computations were attempted later and the analysis was extended to the abnormal operation of the synchronous machine.
Isotopic transient infrared study of reaction pathway and intermediates for CO insertion and hydrogenation

Abstract A combined in situ infrared with transient D2 tracing study of ethylene hydroformylation showed that d1-propionaldehyde is produced from two modes of acyl hydrogenation: via adsorbed hydrogen on the metal surface and spillover hydrogen from Si-OH. Si-OH was removed by SiH4 treatment, but was regenerated by CO/H2/C2H4 flow. NO pulses into CO/H2/C2H4 flow oxidized Rh sites to Rh+ sites and decreased catalyst activity.
A Study of Cape Verdeanness In Postcolonial Cape Verdean Poetry

Cape Verdeanness is another name for Cape Verdean cultural identity. Postcolonial Cape Verdeanness refers to Cape Verdeanness as it has expressed itself since July 5, 1975, the first day of Cape Verdean independence. Postcolonial Cape Verdeanness has previously been described at length in the social sciences scholarship. Postcolonial Cape Verdeanness has previously been implicitly rather than explicitly represented in descriptions of postcolonial Cape Verdean poetry in the scholarly literature. This study is a first of its kind consideration of postcolonial Cape Verdeanness. It is also the first time Cape Verdeanness of any kind has been explicitly represented by means of a review of Cape Verdean cultural productions. The methods of this study include a review of the findings of the social sciences regarding postcolonial Cape Verdeanness, a review of the scholarly literature on postcolonial Cape Verdean poetry, and an analysis of a group of postcolonial Cape Verdean poems, including contributions from both the Cape Verdean Islands and the Cape Verdean diaspora. The findings of this study are that postcolonial Cape Verdean poetry provides a significant lens into postcolonial Cape Verdeanness that both overlaps and complements the lens on Cape Verdeanness provided by the social sciences. Furthermore, postcolonial Cape Verdeanness demonstrates a rupture from colonial-era Cape Verdeanness. Because of this rupture, Cape Verdeanness has now expanded to reflect universal concerns in addition to specifically Cape Verdean ones.
Making Relations, Breaking Relations: Political, Economic, and Cultural Relations between France and Hungary 1905–1910 and the Revue de Hongrie

French-Hungarian relations reached a high point in the aftermath of the 1896 Millennium Celebration in Budapest. But by 1910, prospects for rapprochement had faded. The article explores the genesis of the rupture in relations that manifested itself in the Treaty of Trianon. It investigates events from two new perspectives: first, the career of French consul general Viscount de Fontenay before and during his stay in Budapest (1906–1912); second, the founding of the Revue de Hongrie along with its early years of publication. Fontenay began the Revue in March 1908 as a diplomatic initiative supported by the intellectual elites of France and Hungary and their governments. It was a monthly journal written entirely in French with subscriptions from individuals as well as prestigious universities, colleges, and libraries in Europe, North America, Australia, and Asia. This article explores relations between the two countries as reflected in the political landscape and the contents of the Revue. Finally, as a contribution to the previously neglected history of international cultural relations, this article identifies the key issue: there is no pure cultural diplomacy. It strives to use the frequently overlapping terms of this emerging field in such a way that the context in which they appear helps to clarify their meaning.
Empowerment and participatory evaluation of community interventions : multiple benefits

Contents * Community-Based Approaches to Empowerment and Participatory Evaluation * Implementing an Outcomes Model in the Participatory Evaluation of Community Initiatives * Building Capacity for Participatory Evaluation Within Community Initiatives * Promoting Program Success and Fulfilling Accountability Requirements in a Statewide Community-Based Initiative: Challenges, Progress, and Lessons Learned * Collaborative Process Evaluation: Enhancing Community Relevance and Cultural Appropriateness in HIV Prevention * Collaborative Program Development and Evaluation: A Case Study in Conflict Resolution Education * Empowerment Evaluation of a Youth Leadership Training Program * Index * Reference Notes Included
Characteristics of cells dissociated from mouse mammary glands. I. Method of separation and morphology of parenchymal cells from lactating glands.

Abstract Mammary tissue from lactating mice can be dissociated by treatment with collagenase and separated into relatively pure adipose-cell and parenchymal-cell suspensions by centrifugation in hypertonic sucrose solution. DNA measurements indicate that the yield of parenchymal cells is about 20 % of total cells in the original tissue. The frequency of occurrence of distinctive light cells at all stages in the procedure suggests that lactating mammary cells are exceptionally vulnerable to mechanical and other traumata. Electron-microscope examination shows that incubation of tissue in non-nutrient medium with or without collagenase causes, in surviving cells, distortion of Golgi bodies and mitochondria and disappearance of microtubules and of specialized structures of the cell surface. The dissociation procedure further induces consistent vesiculation of the endoplasmic reticulum and, in cells fully detached from one another, loss of morphologic polarity. Many alveolar cells, however, remain interconnected by tight junctions and retain some polarity. Surviving cells readily recover from the osmotic effects of passage through hypertonic sucrose solution. Addition of glucose to the dissociation medium prevents the more extreme modifications of organelle and cell-surface structure. However, cells dissociated without glucose recover much of the cytoplasmic organization characteristic of their initial secretory state when incubated with glucose and an amino acid, leucine. These cell preparations compare favorably with tissue slices in their ability to convert glucose, acetate, and leucine to carbon dioxide and fatty acids, although synthesis of lactose and protein is somewhat lower than in slices given the same substrates.
Fast Algorithms for Optimal Control, Anisotropic Front Propagation and Multiple Arrivals

We review some recent work in fast, efficient and accurate methods to compute viscosity solutions and non-viscosity solutions to static HamiltonJacobi equations which arise in optimal control, anisotropic front propagation, and multiple arrivals in wave propagation. For viscosity solutions, the class of algorithms are known as “Ordered Upwind Methods”, and rely on a systematic ordering inherent in the characteristic flow of information. For non-viscosity multiple arrivals, the techniques hinge on a static boundary value phase-space formulation which again can be solved through a systematic ordering.
Ocean surface topography data products and tools

The Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archiving Center (PO.DAAC), NASA's primary data center for archiving and distributing oceanographic data, is supporting the Jason and TOPEX/Poseidon satellite tandem missions by providing a variety of data products, tools, and distribution methods to the wider scientific and general community. PO.DAAC has developed several new data products for sea level residual measurements, providing a long-term climate data record from 1992 to the present. These products provide compatible measurements of sea level residuals for the entire time series including the tandem TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason mission. Several data distribution tools are available from NASA PO.DAAC. The Near-Real-Time Image Distribution Server (NEREIDS) provides quick-look browse images and binary data files. The PO.DAAC Ocean ESIP Tool (POET) provides interactive, on-line data subsetting and visualization for several altimetry data products.
Promote systems of linear inequalities with real-world problems

key underlying principle of the NCTM’s Curriculum and Evaluation Standards (1989) is the notion that instruction ought to arise out of problem situations. Moreover, since mathematics is a foundation for an ever-widening array of disciplines, “the curriculum for all students must provide opportunities to develop an understanding of mathematical models, structures, and simulations applicable to many disciplines” (NCTM 1989, 7). Mathematical models, structures, and simulations are precisely the tools of operations research. The field of operations research is a rich source of real-world problem situations to which students can easily relate and within which mathematical concepts may be developed or skills practiced. For example, graphing systems of linear equations and inequalities, often without a meaningful practical context, has long been a staple of beginning high school algebra courses. At the same time, the graphs of such systems are typically used in operationsresearch textbooks to develop the concepts of linear programming, which are essential to understanding the solution of complex optimization problems (see, e.g., Winston [1994]). We believe that bringing scaled-down real-world problem situations similar to those tackled by operations researchers into high school mathematics better motivates students to learn mathematics. Problems set in everyday situations have great potential for attracting and holding the attention of high school students because they deal with situations with which students have experience, for example, the clothes they wear, the places they work, or the lines in which they wait. A BRIEF HISTORY OF OPERATIONS RESEARCH Operations research has its roots in the years just before World War II, when the British prepared for the anticipated air war. In 1937, a new device, later called radar, was field-tested. The following summer, experiments began that explored how the information provided by radar could be used to direct the deployment and use of fighter planes. Until that time, the word experiment had conjured up the picture of a scientist carrying out a controlled experiment in a laboratory. In contrast, the multidisciplinary team of scientists working on this radar-fighter-plane project studied the actual operating conditions of these new devices and designed experiments in the field of operations. Thus was born the new term operations research. The team’s goal was to understand the operations of the complete system of equipment, people, and such environmental conditions as weather or darkness and then improve on it. The work was an important factor in winning the Battle of Britain, and operations research eventually spread to all the military services. In the United States, the first team working on antisubmarine tactics paralleled this approach. That group developed a series of mathematical models that they called search theory, which was
Impacts of Climate Change on Extreme Precipitation Events Over Flamingo Tropicana Watershed1

: Climate change, particularly the projected changes to precipitation patterns, is likely to affect runoff both regionally and temporally. Extreme rainfall events are expected to become more intense in the future in arid urban areas and this will likely lead to higher streamflow. Through hydrological modeling, this article simulates an urban basin response to the most intense storm under anthropogenic climate change conditions. This study performs an event-based simulation for shorter duration storms in the Flamingo Tropicana (FT) watershed in Las Vegas, Nevada. An extreme storm, defined as a 100-year return period storm, is selected from historical records and perturbed to future climatic conditions with respect to multimodel multiscenario (A1B, A2, B1) bias corrected and spatially disaggregated data from the World Climate Research Programme's (WCRP's) database. The cumulative annual precipitation for each 30-year period shows a continuous decrease from 2011 to 2099; however, the summer convective storms, which are considered as extreme storms for the study area, are expected to be more intense in future. Extreme storm events show larger changes in streamflow under different climate scenarios and time periods. The simulated peak streamflow and total runoff volume shows an increase from 40% to more than 150% (during 2041-2099) for different climate scenarios. This type of analysis can help evaluate the vulnerability of existing flood control system and flood control policies.
Type and timing of stream flow changes in urbanizing watersheds in the Eastern U.S.

Linking the type and timing of hydrologic changes with patterns of urban growth is essential to identifying the underlying mechanisms that drive declines in urban aquatic ecosystems. In six urbanizing watersheds surrounding three U.S. cities (Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, and Pittsburgh, PA), we reconstructed the history of development patterns since 1900 and assessed the magnitude and timing of stream flow changes during watershed development. Development reconstructions indicated that the majority of watershed development occurred during a period of peak population growth, typically between 1950 and 1970. Stream flow records indicated significant increases in annual frequency of high-flow events in all six watersheds and increases in annual runoff efficiency in five watersheds. Annual development intensity during the peak growth period had the strongest association with the magnitude of changes in high-flow frequency from the pre- to post-development periods. Results suggest the timing of the peak growth period is particularly important to understanding hydrologic changes, because it can set the type of stormwater infrastructure installed within a watershed. In three watersheds there was a rapid (∼10-15 years) shift toward more frequent high-flow events, and in four watersheds there was a shift toward higher runoff efficiency. Breakpoint analyses indicated these shifts occurred between 1969 and 1976 for high-flow frequency and between 1962 and 1984 for runoff efficiency. Results indicated that the timing of high-flow changes were mainly driven by the development trajectory of each watershed, whereas the timing of runoff-efficiency changes were driven by a combination of development trajectories and extreme weather events. Our results underscore the need to refine the causes of urban stream degradation to incorporate the impact of gradual versus rapid urbanization on hydrologic changes and aquatic ecosystem function, as well as to recognize that the dominant drivers of hydrologic changes are heterogeneous among urban watersheds and vary over time.
Mobility variation with field in conducting polymer films

Abstract Poole–Frenkel (P–F) behavior, i.e. the exponential dependence of the mobility on the square root of the electric field intensity, has been found for many conducting polymer films. It has been suggested that, as in molecularly doped polymers, this dependence is due to the interaction between the charge carriers and randomly distributed permanent dipoles. However, the dipole concentration in the polymers is much too small. We show by Monte Carlo simulations that introduction of short range correlation between the energies of the hopping sites, on the scale of the coherence length measured by X-rays, can account for the measured field- and temperature-dependence of MEH-PPV films. We show also that inhomogeneity, while still permitting P–F behavior, has important effects on the size, field-dependence and temperature-dependence of the mobility.
Codependency's Relationship to Defining Characteristics in College Students.

Abstract Evidence garnered by this study may help provide college counselors with a clinically useful model of codependency, informing their assessment and treatment planning of students who present with self-identified codependency characteristics. Specifically, codependence inclined students may exhibit tendencies toward self-defeating and covert patterns of narcissistic relating (e.g., rejection sensitivity, attachments to painful relationships, shame-proneness, caretaking to earn relationship). Additionally, this study raises the possibility that codependency might be as closely related to fears of intimacy and being hurt in relationship as it is related to a preoccupied concern over maintaining or controlling a security relationship. These results, together with the negative relationship between codependency and overt narcissism, lend preliminary support for Cermak's conceptualization of codependency as a complement to narcissism.