cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic hematopoietic stem cell/progenitor plasticity: Inversions.

Traditional concepts indicate that stem cells give rise to progenitor cells in a hierarchical system. We studied murine engraftable stem cells (ESCs) and progenitors in in vitro and found that ESC and progenitors exist in a reversible continuum, rather then a hierarchy. B6.SJL and BALB/c marrow cells were serially cultured with thrombopoietin (TPO), FLT-3 ligand (FLT-3L), and steel factor through cell cycle. Progenitors (high-proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFC) and colony-forming unit culture (CFU-c)) and ESC capacity was determined. The cell cycle status of purified lineagenegativerhodaminelowHoechstlow stem cells was determined under the same conditions using tritiated thymidine incorporation and cell counts. We found an inverse relationship between progenitors and ESC, which occurred during the first cell cycle transit and was reversible. We have termed these progenitor/stem cell inversions and found that these inversions were consistently seen at 28–32 h of culture, representing early S-phase. We observed 13 major reversible increases in progenitor numbers from one time-point to another during the first cell cycle transit; this was coupled with 11 major ESC decreases and in 2 instances ESC were at baseline. These studies indicate that primitive marrow cells reversibly shift from ESC to progenitors without differentiation occurring. They exist as a fluctuating continuum. J. Cell. Physiol. 199: 20–31, 2004© 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Partial A. F. Demagnetization Studies of 40 Meteorites

Results of nondestructive, partial alternating-field (a.f.) demagnetization studies of 40 meteorites weighing from 120 milligrams to 1.86 gram. Demagnetizing fields ranged up to 400 Oe. Results are given in the form of intensity curves and directional plots of alternating field demagnetization for carbonaceous meteorites, ordinary chondrites, and stony-irons.
Narrative Medicine: Form, Function, and Ethics

Narrative medicine is medicine practiced with the narrative competence to recognize, interpret, and be moved to action by the predicaments of others. Examining medicine's practice of narrative writ...
The Prisoner's Prisoner: The Theme of Voluntary Imprisonment in the Staff of Correctional Facilities

The staff of correctional facilities voluntarily work in prisons. It seems plausible that the professionals, officers, and administrators engaged in such employment may have unconscious feelings of a desire or need for punishment. This topic does, in fact, appear common in the jokes and casual conversation in such facilities, perhaps indicating such an underlying theme. Indeed, those employees who were willing to discuss their experience in more depth corroborated the hypothesis. A sense of a need or desire for punishment in a staff's members may profoundly affect the prisoner's transference with the staff, and the staff's countertransference. These feelings may affect the many important decisions of correctional and clinical staff in prisons and related settings.
Fast Link Assessment in Wireless Mesh Networks by Using Non-Constant Weight Code

The wireless mesh network is experiencing tremendous growth with the standardization of IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.16 technologies. Compared to its wired counterpart, the resource (e.g., capacity) of the wireless mesh network is limited. Worst yet, the wireless link quality is time and space varying, depending on the environment and interference. In order to make efficient use of the scarce channel resource during topology formation, scheduling and routing, it is vital to understand the quality of the links in the wireless mesh network (in terms of, e.g.,probability of successful transmission, or signal to noise ratio). The existing approaches for link assessment consume substantial amount of time and thus introduce significant delay and overhead. In this paper, we propose a novel link assessment scheme where the link assessment packets are transmitted efficiently according to a set of non-constant weight codes, which achieves low collision probability within a short link assessment period. In our proposed approach, each node considers the actual nodal degree while choosing the codeword for its link assessment. In this work, we design the link assessment procedure and establish a set of theorems that provide the necessary condition for successful link assessment. Extensive simulations are carried out, showing that our proposed approach reduces link assessment delay by over 70% compared to the orthogonal optical code OOC-based approach.
Deterministic Models:Preliminaries

Over the last fifty years a considerable amount of research effort has been focused on deterministic scheduling. The number and variety of models considered is astounding. During this time a notation has evolved that succinctly captures the structure of many (but for sure not all) deterministic models that have been considered in the literature.
Interfractional Variations in the Setup of Pelvic Bony Anatomy and Soft Tissue, and Their Implications on the Delivery of Proton Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: To quantify daily variations in the anatomy of patients undergoing radiation therapy for prostate carcinoma, to estimate their effect on dose distribution, and to evaluate the effectiveness of current standard planning and setup approaches employed in proton therapy. Methods: We used series of computed tomography data, which included the pretreatment scan, and between 21 and 43 in-room scans acquired on different treatment days, from 10 patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy at Morristown Memorial Hospital. Variations in femur rotation angles, thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue, and physicaldepth to the distal surface of the prostatefor lateral beam arrangement were recorded. Proton dose distributions were planned with the standard approach. Daily variations in the location of the prescription isodose were evaluated. Results: In all 10 datasets, substantial variation was observed in the lateral tissue thickness (standard deviation of 1.7–3.6 mm for individual patients, variations of >5 mm from the planning computed tomography observed in all series), and femur rotation angle (standard deviation between 1.3 � and 4.8 � , with the maximum excursion exceeding 10 � in 6 of 10 datasets). Shifts in the position of treated volume (98% isodose) were correlated with the variations in the lateral tissue thickness. Conclusions: Analysis suggests that, combined with image-guided setup verification, the range compensator expansion technique prevents loss of dose to target from femur rotation and soft-tissue deformation, in the majority of cases. Anatomic changes coupled with the uncertainties of particle penetration in tissue restrict possibilities for margin reduction in proton therapy of prostate cancer. 2011 Elsevier Inc. Prostate cancer, 3D-conformal proton therapy, Treatment setup, Interfractional motion, Serial CT scans.
Kinematic considerations for mantle mixing

Recent experimental and computational studies tal and computational mixing studies in highly controlled show that"islands"(u~mixedrcgions that donot interactwith flows show that even seemingly inconsequential errors in the surrounding regions) are ubiquitous features in chaotically computed velocity field of 3-D or time-dependent flows can advecting fluids. Such is~ands~~uitenaturall~ account for the geochemically inferred coexistence of apparently distinct, long-lived geochemical heterogeneity with relatively homo- geneous regions of an actively convecting mantle. These results also indicate that mixing patterns-the set of islands and folds characterizing the large-scale material advection- are sensitive to small variations in the rheology of the fluid. Therefore, interpretation of numerical simulations of mantle transport and mixing is less straightforward than currently supposed. Computational studies of analytic flow solutions with systematically introduced and controlled errors indi- cate that mantle simulations are unlikely to accurately com- pute individual trajectories for even moderate time, but that tmjectory ensembles can be accuntely computed for long time. Significantly, computations also indicate that mixing and transport resultsmay not evolve smoothly with increased rheological realism.
Doppler-shift lifetime measurements in 46Ti and 50Cr

Abstract The lifetimes of nine states in 46Ti and fourteen states in 50Cr have been measured through the Doppler-shift attenuation method. The states were populated by the 46Ti(p, p′γ) and 50Cr(p, p′γ) reactions at Ep = 7 MeV. Thick targets (≈ 300 keV) were used to provide adequate averaging over many compound-nucleus levels. Singles γ-ray spectra were obtained with 33 and 55 cm3 Ge(Li) detectors at θγ = 0°, 90° and ≈ 160°, and lifetimes were extracted from the observed centroid shifts. An alternative method of analysis, involving a simulation of profiles of Doppler-shifted peaks with six free parameters gave considerably more accurate results. Both methods were tested by measuring known lifetimes in 58Ni. In addition, the lifetimes of three states in 52Cr were determined. A comparison of the energy spectra and electromagnetic decay properties of these nuclei to shell-model calculations revealed the failure of the simple ( f 7 2 ) 6 picture. A startling example of this failure is the fact that the 22+(E2)21+ rate in 46Ti appears to be a factor of ⪆ 25 faster than that in the cross-conjugate nucleus 50Cr.
A Transistor Pulse Generator for Digital Systems

A design procedure is developed for a new transistor pulse generator circuit suitable for use as a building block in a digital system. The circuit produces a pulse whose shape is relatively independent of variations in transistor parameters and load current. Pulse durations in the range 0.5 microsecond to 20 microseconds and load currents of several hundred milliamperes may be obtained.
A Pattern-Recognition Approach for Driving Skill Characterization

Information about a driver's driving skill can be used to adapt vehicle control parameters to facilitate the specific driver's needs in terms of vehicle performance and safety. This paper presents an approach to driving skill characterization from a pattern-recognition perspective. The basic idea is to extract patterns that reflect the driver's driving skill level from the measurements of the driver's behavior and the vehicle response. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of using a pattern-recognition approach to characterize a driver's handling skill. This paper concludes with the discussions of the challenges and future works to bring the proposed technique to practical use.
Evapotranspiration in global climate models

Abstract Evapotranspiration is an important component of the hydrological cycle over land. It returns water to the atmosphere and supplies runoff. Global Climate Models include evapotranspiration but in the past their treatment has been quite crude. It is now becoming increasingly realistic. Current treatments assign land cover and soil properties to each model grid square. From these assignments are inferred the physical and physiological properties of the overlying vegetation that affect urface energy balance and evapotranspiration. The models include descriptions of root water uptake, stomatal resistance, response to water stress, canopy radiation, boundary-layer resistance of canopy elements, aerodynamic resistance of soil and canopy, interception of rainfall, and soil hydrology including runoff. The first such model, proposed in Dickinson /1/, is compared with the treatment of Sellers et al. /2/. The latter is more realistic in several features but with a cost of additional complexity. An example of a question such models can usefully address is the climate change expected with tropical deforestation. Preliminary results from such a simulation do not show any extreme changes in rainfall, but do indicate an increase in flood runoff with concomitant drying of soil.
On the time variability of the net ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux in midlatitudes, with application to the North Atlantic basin

A new diagnostic to investigate the role of ocean dynamics in midlatitude air–sea interactions is presented and tested against observations. It is based on the analysis of the time variability of the net ocean-to-atmosphere heat flux (FS). A hierarchy of air–sea interaction models indicate that, in the absence of ocean dynamics, the power spectrum of FS should be blue at time-scales longer than a threshold set by the late-winter ocean mixed-layer thickness and the sensitivity of FS to sea surface temperature anomalies. Comparison of the predicted FS spectrum with observations over the North Atlantic shows a good agreement over the subpolar gyre where the deep ocean mixed layer combined with strong stochastic forcing allows large fluctuations in FS at decadal and longer time-scales. Discrepancies, however, arise over the Gulf Stream extension region. Here it is suggested that the observed variability of FS at time-scales longer than a decade is controlled by geostrophic ocean dynamics rather than local atmospheric forcing. The diagnostic appears to be a useful and simple tool to investigate the role of ocean dynamics in the upper-ocean heat budget. It is particularly well suited to the analysis of long simulations of coupled ocean–atmosphere models. One implication of the study for ocean-only numerical simulations is that one cannot specify externally the low-frequency variability of FS. The latter should only arise as a consequence of ocean dynamics. Copyright © 2003 Royal Meteorological Society
Musical Onset Detection Based on Adaptive Linear Prediction

A new musical onset detection technique based on adaptive linear prediction theory is proposed in this work. We decompose a music signal into multiple sub-bands, and then apply a forward linear prediction error filter (LPEF) to model the narrow-band signal in each band, respectively. To enhance the modeling performance, the coefficients of the LPEF are updated with the least-mean-squares (LMS) algorithm. Under this framework, the onset detection problem can be formulated as the peak-error location problem. Peak selection algorithms are applied to prediction errors to locate the onset time. It is shown by experimental results that the proposed algorithm outperforms several well known existing methods for onset detection.
Soluble TGFβ TYPE II receptor gene therapy ameliorates acute radiation-induced pulmonary injury in rats

Abstract Purpose To assess whether administration of recombinant human adenoviral vector, which carries soluble TGFβ1 Type II receptor (TβRII) gene, might reduce the availability of active TGFβ1 and thereby protect the lung from radiation-induced injury. Methods and materials Female Fisher 344 rats were given a single 30 Gy dose of right hemithoracic irradiation 24 h after the injections of control (AdGFP) or treatment (AdexTβRII-Fc) vectors. Different end points were assessed to look for lung tissue damage. Results There was a significant increase in the plasma level of soluble TβRII 24 h and 48 h after injection of treatment vector. In the radiation (RT) + AdexTβRII-Fc group, there was a significant reduction in respiratory rate at 4 weeks after treatment as compared to the RT-alone group. Histologic results revealed a significant reduction in lung damage and decrease in the number and activity of macrophages in the RT + AdexTβRII-Fc group as compared to the RT-alone group. The tissue level of active TGFβ1 was significantly reduced in rats receiving RT + AdexTβRII-Fc treatment. There was also an upregulation of transmembrane TβRII in lung tissue in the RT-alone group as compared to the RT + gene therapy rats. Conclusions This study shows the ability of AdexTβRII-Fc gene therapy to induce an increase in circulating levels of soluble receptors, to reduce the tissue level of active TGFβ1, and consequently to ameliorate acute radiation-induced lung injury.
The Intersection of Statelessness and Refugee Protection in US Asylum Policy

Executive Summary More than ten million people are stateless today. In a world of nation states, they live on the margins without membership in any state, and, as a consequence, have few enforceable legal rights. Stateless individuals face gaps in protection and in many cases experience persecution that falls within the refugee paradigm. However, US asylum policy does not adequately address the myriad legal problems that confront the stateless, who have been largely invisible in the jurisprudence and academic literature. Two federal appellate court opinions shed new light on the intersection of statelessness and refugee law in the United States. In 2010, Haile v. Holder examined the asylum claim of a young man rendered stateless when the Ethiopian government issued a decree denationalizing ethnic Eritreans. In a 2011 case, Stserba v. Holder, the court reviewed an asylum claim by a woman who became stateless when the Soviet Union collapsed, and the successor state of Estonia enacted citizenship legislation that included a language requirement. This article analyzes the opinions which suggest that state action depriving residents of citizenship on ethnic and other protected grounds warrants a presumption of persecution. This article also identifies additional circumstances in which stateless individuals may have a well-founded fear of persecution that qualifies them for asylum in the United States. In addition, this article notes that although far too many stateless individuals face persecution, not all of them do. Stateless persons who do not fear persecution, however, are also vulnerable. The absence of state protection condemns them to a precarious existence and their inability to obtain passports or other travel documents often prevents their return to states where they formerly resided. The refusal of most states to admit noncitizens frequently keeps stateless persons in limbo. Stateless individuals stranded in the United States live under a supervisory patchwork that serves neither their interests nor those of the United States. Rather than relying on incremental case law developments and inapposite regulatory schemes, the US State Department and the Department of Homeland
Hawking radiation, Unruh radiation and the equivalence principle

We compare the response function of an Unruh-DeWitt detector for different space-times and different vacua and show that there is a detailed violation of the equivalence principle. In particular comparing the response of an accelerating detector to a detector at rest in a Schwarzschild space-time we find that both detectors register thermal radiation, but for a given, equivalent acceleration the fixed detector in the Schwarzschild space-time measures a higher temperature. This allows one to locally distinguish the two cases. As one approaches the horizon the two temperatures have the same limit so that the equivalence principle is restored at the horizon.
Detecting Critical Nodes in Interdependent Power Networks for Vulnerability Assessment

Power networks and information systems become more and more interdependent to ensure better supports for the functionality as well as improve the economy. However, power networks also tend to be more vulnerable due to the cascading failures from their interdependent information systems, i.e., the failures in the information systems can cause the failures of the coupled portion in power networks. Therefore, the accurate vulnerability assessment of interdependent power networks is of great importance in the presence of unexpected disruptive events or adversarial attacks targeting on critical network nodes. In this paper, we study the Interdependent Power Network Disruptor (IPND) optimization problem to identify critical nodes in an interdependent power network whose removals maximally destroy its functions due to both malfunction of these nodes and the cascading failures of its interdependent communication network. First, we show the IPND problem is NP-hard to be approximated within the factor of (2-e) . Despite its intractability, we propose a greedy framework with novel centrality functions based on the networks' interdependencies, to efficiently solve this problem in a timely manner. An extensive experiment not only illustrates the effectiveness of our approach on networks with different topologies and interdependencies, but also highlights some important observations which help to sharpen the robustness of interdependent networks in the future.
Comments on "Riemann-Green function solution of transient electromagnetic plane waves in lossy media

In commenting on the above-named work by O.R. Asfar (see ibid., vol.EMC-32, no.3, p.228-31, Aug. 1990), the commenter notes that one can write infinitely many solutions for the associated magnetic field strength that will all satisfy Maxwell's equations, but Maxwell's equations cannot tell which one of these infinitely many solutions is the right one. It is further pointed out that the physical significance of the magnetic current density term used became clear when transients in lossy media were investigated with Lorentz's equations of electron theory, which allow for the fact that electric charges are always connected with particles having a mass, whereas Maxwell's original equations do not contain the concept of mass. A physical explanation for this is offered, and attention is given to the creation of the singularity in Maxwell's equations that make sit impossible to obtain the associated magnetic field strength without some limit process. >
Self-Help Groups

Among the various mental and physical health intervention modalities, none are likely to be as compatible with the values, goals, and ideology of community psychology as self-help groups (SHGs). Ecologically, while they are part of the community’s health care delivery system, their roots are in the community, rather than in the various professional disciplines that staff the other components of that system. Furthermore, they are the only component of the delivery system whose sanction for existence comes from its immediate beneficiaries, rather than from the sociopolitical structure. While SHGs were initially born out of dissatisfaction with the established health care system (Katz & Bender, 1976), their surge in growth and their prevalence today can largely be explained by the changes in the social and cultural climate of America following the social and political eruption of the 1960s, which left in its wake, among other things, counterculturalism, the consumer movement, and a devaluation of the respect and privileges traditionally accorded professionals and others in authority. Thus, SHGs are the component of the health care system most likely to be identified with, and accessible, to the community served by the system
Predicting the Grades of Low-Income–Ethnic-Minority Students From Teacher-Student Discrepancies in Reported Motivation

The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of discrepancies between teachers' perceptions of students' motivation and students' reports of their motivation on math and English grades and to identify possible gender and ethnic differences. Participants included 215 low-income, ethnic-minority students and their teachers in academically struggling schools. Discrepancy in motivation ratings accounted for a significant amount of variation in final grades. This teacher-student discrepancy effect was larger than both the effect of students' recent standardized test scores and the effect of self-efficacy in both subjects. Girls were found to attract positive teacher bias, but their grades were not differentially affected. Differences in teacher-student discrepancy effects between African American and Latino students were not found.
CONTROL ROD DRIVE MECHANISM ON THE EBWR

The control rod drive mechanlsms installed on the Argonne Experimental Boiling Water Reactor (EBWR) are of an externally operated lead screw and nut type in which the control rod extension shafts are driven through pressure breakdown, collected leakage seals. The mechanisms which are located below the reactor are fabricated from conventional industrial materials, such as carbon steel, brass, cast iron, nylon, etc., and are lubricated with grease. They may be serviced during reactor operation, and are removable from the reactor without the necessity of draining the reactor vessel. This feature has proven to be worthwhile in operation. The mechanism is adaptable to reactors operating at pressures up to 1500 psi and requiring up to a 6-foot control rod stroke. This paper describes the development of the mechanism, the final design and proof- testing program, and some of the particular design difficulties encountered. Some of the other drive types, including electromagnetic jack, hydraulic, and rotary seal rack-and-pinion, considered for EBWR application, are also discussed. (auth)
Measurements of Plasma Potential in Colloid Thruster Plumes

Thi s work presents results of emissive probe floating potential measurements made in an electrospray plume without cathode neutralization. The floating potential is measured with the electrospray on at three different axial distances from the extractor electr ode as a function of probe heater power. The floating potential is also measured in the limit of zero plasma density to investigate the effects of space -charge limited current emission. Results suggest the floating potential under these conditions may not reflect the plasma potential. In addition, the effect of the probe emission on electrospray performance is characterized and presented.
Psychology and Design. The Influence of the Environment's Representation Over Emotion and Cognition. An ET Study on Ikea Design☆

Abstract This study aims at exploring how environment's representation can influence perceived pleasantness and purchasing decisions. Starting from the Attention Restoration Theory, we assumed that natural settings promote wellbeing and allow focusing attention. Moreover, according to the model proposed by Kaplan and Kaplan, environmental features generate a positive affective evaluation of the environment when they communicate coherence, legibility, complexity and mystery. We compared interior design projects exploring the hypothesis that the presence of specific elements inside the environment (human figures; doors and passages; nature elements; everyday objects) elicits a positive emotional reaction and an expression of preference in buyers. Twenty-four college students were shown pictures of different interior spaces: 4 designed by Ikea and 4 by other brands. The images were matched by contents. Participants’ exploration path and fixations were recorded using eye-tracking technology. Environmental pleasantness, restorativeness and willingness to purchase any of the furniture shown were assessed for every room using self-report questionnaires. Data showed that the interior design style proposed by Ikea was overall able to elicit a more positive emotional response, a more active visual exploration and more willingness to buy the furniture. Implication for interior designers and possible future developments are discussed.
UML Modeling of Computer Rank Examination System Based on Internet

Modeling process of the computer rank examination system on internet is described by the unified modeling language(UML),and requirement analysis,general design and retailed design are also made.At the same time,taking the test bank making subsystem as an example,various view and standard documents such as systematic user model,static model and dynamitic model etc are built up.The function requirement and function flow,instructions and relations of classification and interaction and communication between objects are described as well.Finally,finish the code and realize the system by object oriented program language.In the way to model the system,process is optimized and the stability,maintainability and reusability are improved.
A study of cytofibrinokinase and fibrinolysin in extracts of tissue from human myometrium, endometrium, decidua, and placenta.

Summary The presence of a fibrinogenolytic enzyme and a cytofibrinokinase has been demonstrated in extracts of human myometrium, placenta, decidua, and endometrium It is suggested that the presence of these enzymes may be partially or wholly responsible for the lack of fibrinogen which occurs in the blood stream of obstetrical patients under certain conditions, and in menstrual blood.
Ivabradine, a novel medication for treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Purpose To critically evaluate current literature, review pharmacology, and discuss clinical role of ivabradine for patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction. Data sources A PubMed search was conducted using the search terms ivabradine and HF. All human studies analyzing the use of ivabradine in patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction and prescribing information were evaluated. Conclusions Greater benefit was seen in the prespecified subgroup with heart rate (HR) > 70 beats per minute (bpm) in the BEAUTIFUL study. Therefore, SHIFT examined the effect of ivabradine on patients with higher resting HR, lower ejection fraction, who had been hospitalized for HF within the previous year. A significant difference was found in the composite primary endpoint of cardiovascular death and hospitalizations for worsening HF in patients with HF and left ventricular systolic dysfunction, driven primarily by reduction in hospitalizations for worsening HF. The most common adverse effect was bradycardia. Implications for practice Ivabradine is a safe and effective medication for HR reduction to reduce hospitalizations in patients with stable, symptomatic HF (ejection fraction 70 bpm.
Examining weight suppression as a predictor of eating disorder symptom trajectories in anorexia nervosa.

Objective Research in individuals with bulimia nervosa has highlighted the clinical significance of weight suppression (WS), defined as the difference between one's highest and current weight. More recently, studies have suggested that WS also may play a role in symptom maintenance and weight gain during treatment in anorexia nervosa (AN) and that the influence of WS on AN outcomes may depend on an individual's body mass index (BMI). However, no study has investigated whether WS or the interaction between WS and BMI is associated with the longer-term course of eating pathology following treatment discharge in patients with AN. Method The current study examined a sample of females with AN (N = 180) who completed interviews and self-report questionnaires at discharge from intensive treatment and at 3, 6, and 12-months after discharge. Latent growth curve models tested whether WS, BMI, or the WS by BMI interaction significantly predicted the trajectory of eating disorder symptoms (i.e., Eating Disorder Examination global score, BMI, frequency of loss of control eating, frequency of purging) over the year following discharge. Results WS at discharge predicted change in BMI, and the interaction between WS and BMI predicted growth in eating disorder severity and purging frequency over time. Neither WS nor its interaction with BMI predicted growth in loss of control eating frequency. Discussion Results provide further support for the clinical significance of WS in AN symptom maintenance, but suggest that the influence of WS likely depends on an individual's BMI as well as the outcome being measured. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:753–763)
Twelve tips on writing abstracts and titles: How to get people to use and cite your work

The authors share 12 practical tips on creating effective titles and abstracts for a journal publication or conference presentation. When crafting a title authors should: (1) start thinking of the title from the start; (2) brainstorm many key words, create permutations, and ask others for input; (3) strive for an informative and indicative title; (4) start the title with the most important words; and (5) wait to finalize the title until the very end. When writing the abstract, authors should: (6) wait until the end to write the abstract; (7) copy and paste from main text as the starting point; (8) start with a detailed structured format; (9) describe what they did; (10) describe what they found; (11) highlight what readers can do with this information; and (12) ensure that the abstract aligns with the full text and conforms to submission guidelines.
Maternal iron status during pregnancy compared with neonatal iron status better predicts placental iron transporter expression in humans

The placenta richly expresses nonheme and heme Fe transport proteins. To address the impact of maternal and neonatal Fe status and hepcidin on the regulation of these proteins, mRNA expression and protein abundance of nonheme and heme Fe transport proteins were evaluated in placental tissue from 154 adolescents. Regression analyses found maternal Fe status was significantly associated with multiple placental nonheme and heme transporters, whereas neonatal Fe status was related to only 3 heme transporters. Across statistical analyses, maternal Fe status was consistently associated with the placental nonheme Fe importer transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1). Protein abundance of TfR1 was related to midgestation maternal serum ferritin (SF) (β = -0.32; P = 0.005) and serum TfR (β = 0.25; P = 0.024). Protein abundance of the heme importer, proton-coupled folate transporter, was related to neonatal SF (β = 0.30; P = 0.016) and serum TfR (β = -0.46; P < 0.0001). Neonatal SF was also related to mRNA expression of the heme exporter feline leukemia virus subgroup C receptor 1 (β = -0.30; P = 0.004). In summary, maternal Fe insufficiency during pregnancy predicts increased expression of the placental nonheme Fe transporter TfR1. Associations between placental heme Fe transporters and neonatal Fe status require further study.-Best, C. M., Pressman, E. K., Cao, C., Cooper, E., Guillet, R., Yost, O. L., Galati, J., Kent, T. R., O'Brien, K. O. Maternal iron status during pregnancy compared with neonatal iron status better predicts placental iron transporter expression in humans.
Validating the Completeness of the Real Solution Set of a System of Polynomial Equations

Computing the real solutions to a system of polynomial equations is a challenging problem, particularly verifying that all solutions have been computed. We describe an approach that combines numerical algebraic geometry and sums of squares programming to test whether a given set is "complete" with respect to the real solution set. Specifically, we test whether the Zariski closure of that set is indeed equal to the solution set of the real radical of the ideal generated by the given polynomials. Examples with finitely and infinitely many real solutions are provided, along with an example having polynomial inequalities.
List-mode MLEM image reconstruction from 3D ML position estimates

Current thick detectors used in medical imaging allow recording many attributes, such as the 3D location of interaction within the scintillation crystal and the amount of energy deposited. An efficient way of dealing with these data is by storing them in list-mode (LM). To reconstruct the data, maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (MLEM) is efficiently applied to the list-mode data, resulting in the list-mode maximum-likelihood expectation-maximization (LMMLEM) reconstruction algorithm. In this work, we consider a PET system consisting of two thick detectors facing each other. PMT outputs are collected for each coincidence event and are used to perform 3D maximum-likelihood (ML) position estimation of location of interaction. The mathematical properties of the ML estimation allow accurate modeling of the detector blur and provide a theoretical framework for the subsequent estimation step, namely the LMM-LEM reconstruction. Indeed, a rigorous statistical model for the detector output can be obtained from calibration data and used in the calculation of the conditional probability density functions for the interaction location estimates. Our implementation of the 3D ML position estimation takes advantage of graphics processing unit (GPU) hardware and permits accurate real-time estimates of position of interaction. The LMMLEM algorithm is then applied to the list of position estimates, and the 3D radiotracer distribution is reconstructed on a voxel grid.
“Research doesn’t fit in a 50-minute hour”: The phenomenology of therapists’ involvement in research at a university counseling center

Psychotherapy science and the practice of psychotherapy do not always co-exist. Rather, tension has developed overtime between researchers and practitioners. This tension, however, has not eroded all links between science and practice. In fact, many therapists pursue careers in which they can engage in psychotherapy research. This phenomenological study was undertaken to understand the meaning therapists ascribe to being a part of psychotherapy research while being full-time clinicians. To accomplish this task, we interviewed ten therapists who work in a college counseling center where the intersection of research and practice is evident. Using a semi-structured protocol, each participant was individually interviewed about their experiences of engaging in research while being a practitioner. Analyses of interviews led to the identification and interpretation of 450 statements that were grouped into six themes: (a) Making Research Feasible; (b) Ubiquitous Nature of Research in the Center; (c) Benefits of D...
Reducing peak temperatures during infrared inhibition of neural potentials

Pulsed infrared (IR) light has been used in multiple animal models to inhibit neural activity. Duke et al. reported inhibition associated with a temperature increase of ~8°C in Aplysia californica buccal nerve 2 (BN2). There is no evidence that the current irradiation schemes alters nerve functionality, however lower temperatures provide a safer environment for sustained inhibition. Inhibition paradigms use a single optical fiber to deliver IR light, resulting in a single hotspot within the nerve. One proposed method for decreasing peak temperatures is to use a lower radiant exposure over a greater area, effectively heating the nerve more evenly. Preliminary computational modeling suggests that using two axially adjacent optical fibers reduces peak temperatures required for infrared neural inhibition (INI). This hypothesis is being validated in vitro in Aplysia. Pleural abdominal nerves were dissected out, and suction electrodes were applied to electrically stimulate and record neural activity. A custom probe (core diameters= 400 μm) was used to simultaneously apply IR light from two diode lasers (Lockheed-Martin, λ=1875nm) to the nerve and monitor the radiant exposure out of each. Radiant exposures required for inhibition using a single fiber were reduced by ~37.4% by using two axially adjacent optical fibers. While mechanisms behind infrared inhibition are not fully understood, data suggests that a threshold temperature is required. By reducing peak temperatures, neural block using IR light will subject nerves to lower peak temperatures and provide a more research and clinically relevant technology.
Robust IR-based detection of stable and fractionally populated G-C+ and A-T Hoogsteen base pairs in duplex DNA.

Non-canonical G-C+ and A-T Hoogsteen base pairs can form in duplex DNA and play roles in recognition, damage repair, and replication. Identifying Hoogsteen base pairs in DNA duplexes remains challenging due to difficulties in resolving syn versus anti purine bases with X-ray crystallography; and size limitations and line broadening can make them difficult to characterize by NMR spectroscopy. Here, we show how infrared (IR) spectroscopy can identify G-C+ and A-T Hoogsteen base pairs in duplex DNA across a range of different structural contexts. The utility of IR-based detection of Hoogsteen base pairs is demonstrated by characterizing the first example of adjacent A-T and G-C+ Hoogsteen base pairs in a DNA duplex where severe broadening complicates detection with NMR. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nanoparticles hybridization to engineer biomaterials for drug delivery

Nanomaterials in drug delivery have a long history of engineering attempts to add therapeutic value. Generally, an efficient drug delivery system must possess several properties at the same time. For instance, a desired therapeutic nanomaterial may possess biodegradability, nontoxicity, controlled-release, targeting capability, and imaging modality. However, no single material has all of these characteristics at the same time. In this respect, attempts have been devoted to combine multiple components in a single hybrid nanomaterial. With this approach a multicomponent nanomaterials could be specifically engineered in order for each component to play its specific role in a favorable spatiotemporal setting. Here, we introduce different methods of nanoscale hybridization, and we discuss the advantages and pitfalls of each method in the context of drug delivery. Advancement of this area could be the key to enhance the clinical outcomes of nanomaterials based drug delivery systems, and also paves the way for personalized medicine.
Problem Solving Concretely with the Word like

While the average teenager’s conversation may seem inundated with the word like, in the mathematics classroom, teenagers use it with purpose. Linguists study the word like to understand and categor...
AN EVALUATION OF THE FEASIBILITY OF A TEMPERATE CLIMATE EFFLUENT-AQUACULTURE-TERTIARY TREATMENT SYSTEM IN NEW YORK CITY

: From March 1972 to June 1977, a feasibility test of a pilot scale effluent-aquaculture-tertiary treatment system was operated at New York City's Tallman Island Pollution Control Plant. The system was designed to remove and recycle sewage-derived inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus-containing compounds via a phytoplankton-shellfish-phycocolloid producing seaweed managed food chain. Nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, and ammonia) removal by phytoplankton was generally close to 100%, but the combination of high nitrogen concentrations in the sewage, and productivities of the order of 0.7 g N m-2 day-1 resulted in a minimum culture area requirement of 5 hectares per MGD of sewage. Shellfish grew at rates ranging from 22% to 118% per week, wet weight, and assimilated an average of 22% of the incoming phytoplankton protein-nitrogen, necessitating the removal of nearly 80% of the original incoming nitrogen by the seaweed-effluent polishing step of the system. Seaweeds removed in excess of 90% of the dissolved inorganic nitrogen in the shellfish effluent. Maximum sustained growth rates averaged 10 g dry weight m-2 day-1, but nitrogen fixation rates were only 0.1 g nitrogen m-2 day-1 giving a treatment area requirement of 28.6 hectares per MGD. Based on these results, the potential feasibility of large-scale effluent-aquaculture-tertiary sewage treatment systems is discussed.
Ultrahigh efficiency moving wire combustion interface for online coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

We describe a 100%-efficient moving-wire interface (MWI) for online coupling of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) that transmits 100% of the carbon in nonvolatile analytes to a CO2-gas-accepting ion source. This interface accepts a flow of analyte in solvent, evaporates the solvent, combusts the remaining analyte, and directs the combustion products to the instrument of choice. Effluent is transferred to a periodically indented wire by a coherent jet to increase efficiency and maintain peak resolution. The combustion oven is plumbed such that gaseous combustion products are completely directed to an exit capillary, avoiding the loss of combustion products to the atmosphere. This system achieves almost-complete transfer of the analyte at HPLC flow rates up to 125 μL/min at a wire speed of 6 cm/s. This represents a 30× increase in efficiency and an 8× increase in maximum wire loading, compared to the spray transfer technique used in earlier MWIs.
Spin-Spin Coupling

In most routine applications of NMR only the magnitude of the isotropic average of the coupling constant appears, and this merely as spacings in symmetric multiplet patterns. However, the additional information which comes from the sign of the isotropic average coupling constant and the anisotropy of the coupling tensor is of even greater use as a diagnostic parameter and as an index of the chemical bond. We consider the general empirical patterns in coupling constants which have been very useful in structural applications, taking a global (i.e., entire periodic table) view and giving many examples of each general trend. Because the dependences on structural factors and bond parameters are more easily sorted out in one-bond coupling constants, we have used these to illustrate the dependence on atomic s densities, coordination number, oxidation state, formal hybridization, and electronegativity of substituents on the coupled nuclei, factors which affect the magnitude of coupling constants over any number of bonds. In addition, general trends involving geometric factors (e.g., bond angles) and stereospecificity of one-bond, two-bond, and three-bond couplings are discussed. The theoretical interpretation follows, with a comparative overview of the different computational schemes. Approximate models are used to explain the empirical trends where appropriate. Since a large volume of data has become available for the heavier nuclei, for which relativistic effects cannot be neglected, we quote results of relativistic calculations as well.
Affecting the Preparatory (Educational) Stage

The educational system even at the elementary level can affect the child in a multiplicity of ways insofar as creativity is concerned. The preparatory stage of the creative process begins long before the individual embarks upon the process. Theoretically, the preparatory stage involves many experiences in the family and outside of it that predispose the individual to whether he will be motivated to embark upon the creative process, to the kinds of data he will be exposed to, and to the kinds of solutions he will seek. This chapter discusses social relationships between the pupil and his teacher and pupil and his classmates. Research evidence indicates how the nature of these interactions could affect a young person's creativity. But left to their own devices both teachers and classmates are, in general, likely to engage in behavior that is oriented to keeping the individual from deviating from the group and from being creative.
Susceptibility of Viburnum Species and Cultivars to Phytophthora ramorum

Abstract Phytophthora ramorum causes ramorum blight on Viburnum species, which are commonly grown as ornamentals. This study evaluated 24 different species or cultivars for susceptibility to P. ram...
Systematic Approach to Develop Sustainable Makerspaces in Resource-Constrained Schools

Maker education is bringing hands-on learning to students worldwide, but is largely limited to well-resourced schools. There is a presumption among educators that conducting effective maker learning necessitates the use of expensive equipment, thereby limiting the reach of maker learning and leading it to become inequitable. This research challenges that assumption by conducting design-based research to understand the development of makerspaces and maker mindsets in resource-constrained schools. We investigate systematic factors at play by iteratively developing a model for three interconnected elements of makerspaces: space, activities and materials, and community building strategies. This paper presents preliminary findings from the implementation of the first phase of this model in resource-constrained schools in India.
From information, to data, to knowledge – Digital Scholarship Centers: An emerging transdisciplinary digital knowledge and research methods integrator in academic and research libraries

In this essay, the authors will discuss the similarities and differences of knowledge management and librarianship. They will propose and articulate the emerging role of academic and research libra...