cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Research Priorities in Environmental Economics

As the United States and other economies have grown, the carrying-capacity of the planet C in regard to both natural resources and environmental quality C has become a greater concern. This is particularly true for common-property and open-access resources. While small communities frequently provide modes of oversight and methods for policing their citizens, the scale of society has grown, and commons problems have spread across communities and even across nations. No over-arching authority can offer complete control, and so commons problems have become more commonplace and more severe.
Politics of edibility: reconceptualizing ecological relationality

ABSTRACTTaking the Infinity Burial Project (IBP) as its inspiration, this essay theorizes a politics of edibility by way of decomposing the discursive boundaries erected between human bodies and environments. In particular, this essay reads the IBP as a deconstruction of another dualism—eater/eaten—that permeates and informs cultural practices from birth to burial. Mobilizing a rhetoric of carnality, the IBP decomposes the human body's relation to its environments, merging its statuses as eater and eaten. At the same time, this rhetoric of carnality also emphasizes the irreducibly productive nature of consumption as an articulatory practice in its own right. As this essay argues, a politics of edibility not only recognizes the superficiality of the body/environment and eater/eaten dichotomies but it also respects the relations generated in the wake of their deconstruction.
Turnover and Tenure in the Canadian House of Commons, 1867–1968 *

This article presents a theoretical analysis of the turnover and tenure of the members of the Canadian House of Commons from 1867 through 1968. Previous studies of such turnover and tenure have been quantitative, but not theoretical, yielding precise measurements but no pattern. A statistical resume is no substitute for a mathematical model. Both may be accurate, parsimonious, and elegant; but a mathematical theory is distinguished by its generality and its explanatory or predictive power. With the present model, for example, the members’ median and mean continuous service can be logically derived from the mathematical theory; but the converse is not true, that is, the mathematical theory cannot be deduced from the median and/or mean continuous service. Specifically, the theory implies that the median continuous service is approximately 0.693 times the mean continuous service. Despite a plethora of quantitative studies of legislative turnover and tenure, this equation (so far as we know) has not previously been discovered. The process to be modeled can be abstractly characterized as follows: Consider the members of the House of Commons after some particular (zero) general election. These legislators are called the original members , for expository convenience. With the occurrence of deaths, resignations, political defeats, etc., only some of the original members will continue to be members of the House of Commons after the next (first) general election. These survivors are called the re-elected members.
Steady and unsteady force testing of fighter aircraft models in a water tunnel

The force testing of small-scale models in a water tunnel was investigated as an inexpensive and quick means to obtain static and dynamic force and moment data representative of full-scale fighter aircraft maneuvering in the post-stall regime. Force tests of flat plate and three-dimensional full span models were conducted in General Dynamicsf 24 x 24 in2 horizonal flow water tunnel using a special balance developed and built by General Dynamics. Steady incidence sweeps and unsteady pitch-pulse motions to a maximum angle of 90 deg were YKvestigated for several planforms and models. Some specific objectives of this study were to: (1) verify that static and dynamic force and moment measurements from water tunnel testing were representative of large-scale wind tunnel tests; (2) demonstrate the importance of model three-dimensionality; (3) evaluate the effects of planform geometry; and (4) investigate dynamic stability and controllability aspects of the "Cobraw maneuver performed by Pougachev in a Russian SU-27.
Some personal notes

Early in 1944 a young physicist proposed evening seminars on the implications of nuclear power. When the war was over, the participants in these seminars organized the Atomic Scientists of Chicago. John Simpson was their first chairman.
What is the purpose of launching the World Journal of Psychiatry

The first issue of World Journal of Psychiatry (WJP), whose preparatory work was initiated on May 18, 2011, will be published on December 31, 2011. The WJP Editorial Board has now been established and consists of 103 distinguished experts from 32 countries. Our purpose of launching WJP is to publish peer-reviewed, high-quality articles via an open-access online publishing model, thereby acting as a platform for communication between peers and the wider public, and maximizing the benefits to editorial board members, authors and readers.
Clinical applications of ibuprofen in preterm infants with patent ductus arteriosus

Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is a common disease among extremely premature neonates and the management of which has always been a challenge to the neonatologists.Prophylactic or early pre-symptomatic treatment has been advocated as the first-line approach,and drug induced closure is yet the most effective,inexpensive, and convenient method.During the last two decades,indomethacin was often given as conservative treatment,and its closure rate in PDA was approximately 46%～89%.However,indomethacin may increase the number of undesirable or harmful effects.Therefore,extend the risks of developing renal damage,intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH),necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC),and enterobrosis,etc.Recently,ibuprofen is rapidly emerging as a new promising drug for treatment of PDA in preterm infants with possibly less renal adverse reactions.It is used as standard therapy to close PDA,and it has less influence on the hemodynamics of kidneys,brain and gastrointestinal tract.This paper reviewed the use of ibuprofen in preterm infants with PDA.
Volcanic Cap Rock Type and Evaluation of Sealing Gas Ability:An Example of Xujiaweizi Depression

By use of drilling,logging and analysis and testing data,the type,feature,identification mark,distribution and sealing ability of volcanic cap rock in Xujiaweizi fault depression and the controlling effect for the accumulation and distribution of gas were studied.It was considered that there were 2 types of volcanic cap rocks in Xujiaweizi fault depression,volcaniclastic rock cap rocks and volcanic lava cap rocks.Volcaniclastic rock cap rocks are mainly tuff and volcanic breccia which are characterized by small resistivity,enlargement of borehole and high interval transit time.Volcanic lava cap rocks are mainly rhyolite,tuff and andesite which are characterized by middle resistivity,normal borehole and low interval transit time.Volcaniclastic rock cap rock and volcanic lava cap rock can be identified respectively by high interval transit time and interval transit time which are lower than 56 μs/ft.Volcaniclastic rock cape rocks are distributed regionally on the top of K_1yc1 volcanic rock body,while volcanic lava cap rocks are distributed locally in the volcanic rock body.Sealing gas ability of volcaniclastic rock cap rock is stronger than that of volcanic lava cap rock.Volcaniclastic rock cap rocks controlled the regional accumulation and distribution of gas in volcanic rock in Xujiaweizi fault depression,while volcanic lava cap rocks only controlled the local accumulation and distribution of gas in volcanic rock body.
Identification and classification of 204 strains of gram negative organisms isolated from poultry eggs

Results of identification and classification of 204 strains of Gram negative bacteria isolated from poultry eggs are reported. Among 106 strains of glucose nonfermenting bacteria 105 (99%) strains could be further identified as: pseudomonas (87 strains), including P. fluorescens (63), P. putida (9), P. maltophilia (12), P. putrefaciens (2), and P. stutzeri (1); 2 strains of Alcaligenes, both identified as A. denitrificans; 7 strains of Flavobacterium, including F. multovorum (3) and Flavobacterium sp. (4); and 9 strains of Acinetobacter, including A. lwoffi (7) and A. anitratus (2). Among 98 strains of fermentors, 73 strains (74.5%) could be identified as; Escherichia (9), E. coli (12), Enterobacter Liquefaciens (31), Ent. cloacae (7), Ent. halfnia (8), Ent. aerogenes (1) and proteus (5); while 25 strains (25.5%) which split glucose and lactose or sucrose fermentative with acid but no gaseouse formation remain to be ascertained.
Solving the KO Labyrinth

SummaryThe KO Labyrinth is a colorful spherical puzzle with 26 chambers, some of which can be connected via holes through which a small ball can pass when the chambers are aligned correctly. The puzzle can be realigned by performing physical rotations of the sphere in the same way one manipulates a Rubik's Cube, which alters the configuration of the puzzle. The goal is to navigate the ball from the entrance chamber to the exit chamber. We find the shortest path through the puzzle using Dijkstra's algorithm and explore questions related to connectivity of puzzle with the adjacency matrix, distance matrix, and first passage time analysis. We show that the shortest path through the maze takes only 10 moves, whereas a random walk through the maze requires, on average, about 340 moves before reaching the end. We pose an analogue of the gambler's ruin problem and separately consider whether we are able to solve the puzzle if certain chambers are off limits. We conclude with comments and questions for future inv...
A Fractional Order Model for Local Electric Fields in Tissues

In recent years, electro-chemotherapy and gene electro-transfer have emerged as promising cancer therapies that use locally applied electric fields to facilitate the transport of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells or genes into target cells based on the cell membrane electroporation. It is well known that the local electric field in the tissue depends on the applied voltage on the electrodes, the geometry and position of the electrodes, and on the heterogeneity and geometry of the tissue. So far, the local electric field distribution in tissues was found by solving the classic Laplace equation. However, tissues and tumors have evolving microstructures which affect the distribution of the applied electric field. Inspired by the successful application of fractional order constitutive models of tissues, in our exploratory study we propose a fractional calculus based approach to model the electric field and potential distribution in tissues. The resulting fractional differential equation of Laplace type is solved analytically. Our preliminary results on the local electric field distribution might help to find electrode configurations for optimal treatment outcome.
Foreign direct investment and business start-up in developing countries: The role of financial market development

Abstract This paper investigates whether financial market development has an impact on the relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and business start-up, which is a salient feature of entrepreneurship. In a panel of 92 developing countries, the paper finds that the ability of FDI to crowd-in business start-ups significantly depends on financial market development in the host economy. Based on the results, there is a threshold level of financial market development above which FDI crowds-in new businesses. Improving financial conditions in developing countries where they are unfavorable is therefore an important precondition for facilitating the positive externalities from FDI inflows which stimulate entrepreneurship. The results also support the policy propositions that a good regulatory environment and higher growth in income per capita are important for enhancing entrepreneurship.
Examining the effects of testwiseness in conceptual physics evaluations

Most conceptual inventories used in physics education research contain questions that are affected by the test taking strategies of students.
Advances in vaccine research against economically important viral diseases of food animals: Infectious bursal disease virus

Numerous reviews have been published on infectious bursal disease (IBD) and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV). Many high quality vaccines are commercially available for the control of IBD that, when used correctly, provide solid protection against infection and disease caused by IBDV. Viruses are not static however; they continue to evolve and vaccines need to keep pace with them. The evolution of IBDV has resulted in very virulent strains and new antigenic types of the virus. This review will discuss some of the limitations associated with existing vaccines, potential solutions to these problems and advances in new vaccines for the control of IBD.
Use of electric field sensors for recording respiration, heart rate, and stereotyped motor behaviors in the rodent home cage

Abstract Background Numerous environmental and genetic factors can contribute significantly to behavioral and cardiorespiratory variability observed experimentally. Affordable technologies that allow for noninvasive home cage capture of physio-behavioral variables should enhance understanding of inter-animal variability including after experimental interventions. New method We assessed whether EPIC electric field sensors (Plessey Semiconductors) embedded within or attached externally to a rodent’s home cage could accurately record respiration, heart rate, and motor behaviors. Comparison with existing methods Current systems for quantification of behavioral variables require expensive specialty equipment, while measures of respiratory and heart rate are often provided by surgically implanted or chronically affixed devices. Results Sensors accurately encoded imposed sinusoidal changes in electric field tested at frequencies ranging from 0.5–100 Hz. Mini-metronome arm movements were easily detected, but response magnitude was highly distance dependent. Sensors accurately reported respiration during whole-body plethysmography. In anesthetized rodents, PVC tube-embedded sensors provided accurate mechanical detection of both respiratory and heart rate. Comparable success was seen in naturally behaving animals at rest or sleeping when sensors were attached externally. Video-verified motor behaviors (sniffing, grooming, chewing, and rearing) were detectable and largely separable by their characteristic voltage fluctuations. Larger movement-related events had comparably larger voltage dynamics that easily allowed for a broad approximation of overall motor activity. Spectrograms were used to quickly depict characteristic frequencies in long-lasting recordings, while filtering and thresholding software allowed for detection and quantification of movement-related physio-behavioral events. Conclusions EPIC electric field sensors provide a means for affordable non-contact home cage detection of physio-behavioral variables.
Multiple Image Recognition By Nonlinear Optical Correlation

We investigate the performance of a recently introduced bipolar joint transform image correlator when multiple reference objects and single and multiple targets are present at the input plane. The bipolar joint transform correlator uses nonlinearity at the Fourier plane to threshold the Fourier transform interference intensity to only two values, 1 and -1. The performance of the bipolar correlator is compared to the classical joint transform image correlator when multiple objects are present at the input plane. We show that the performance of the bipolar correlator is substantially superior to that of the classical joint transform image correlator in the areas of autocorrelation peak intensity, autocorrelation peak to sidelobe ratio, autocorrelation bandwidth, and discrimination sensitivity. It is shown that when multiple objects are present at the input plane, the classical joint transform image correlator produces large cross-correlation signals and poorly defined autocorrelation signals with large bandwidth. The large cross-correlation signals are comparable in intensity with the autocorrelation peak and can falsely indicate the presence of many targets. On the other hand, the bipolar joint transform image correlator produces well-defined autocorrelation signals with very low cross-correlation level. Computer simulations are used to test both types of correlators, and 3-D plots of the correlation functions are provided and discussed.
The relationship between the Neuro-Quality of Life Depression and Anxiety Measures and the Personality Assessment Inventory in persons with epilepsy

Abstract Background To investigate the associations between the Neuro-Quality of Life (NQOL) Depression and Anxiety measures with an objective emotional inventory (Personality Assessment Inventory; PAI), and demonstrate the clinical utility of the NQOL as screening measures for depression and anxiety in persons with epilepsy (PWE). Methods PWE (N = 72) were concurrently administered the NQOL Depression and Anxiety measures and the PAI. Pearson product moment correlations were used to determine the relationships between the NQOL measures and the respective PAI scales (i.e., depression, anxiety). One-way ANOVAs were conducted comparing NQOL scores between patients with elevated levels of depression and anxiety (T-score ≥ 65 on the PAI) to profiles that were within normal limits. Using sensitivity and specificity analyses, optimal cut-scores on the NQOL measures were determined. Results Participants were primarily Caucasian (89%), female (60%), and ~35 years old. The NQOL Depression measure was significantly correlated with the PAI Depression total score (r = .747; p Conclusions The NQOL Depression and Anxiety measures evidenced strong associations with the PAI Depression and Anxiety scales and may be effective in detecting depressive and anxiety symptoms in PWE using the provided cut-scores.
A workflow to skeletonize faults and stratigraphic features

ABSTRACTImproving the accuracy and completeness of subtle discontinuities in noisy seismic data is useful for mapping faults, fractures, unconformities, and stratigraphic edges. We have developed a workflow to improve the quality of coherence attributes. First, we apply principal component structure-oriented filtering to reject random noise and sharpen the lateral edges of seismic amplitude data. Next, we compute eigenstructure coherence, which highlights the stratigraphic and structural discontinuities. We apply a Laplacian of a Gaussian filter to the coherence attribute that sharpens the steeply dipping faults, attenuates the stratigraphic features parallel to the seismic reflectors, and skeletonizes the unconformity features subparallel to the reflectors. Finally, we skeletonize the filtered coherence attribute along with the fault plane. The filtered and skeletonized seismic coherence attribute highlights the geologic discontinuities more clearly and precisely. These discontinuous features can be colo...
Endocannabinoid Regulation of Reward and Reinforcement through Interaction with Dopamine and Endogenous Opioid Signaling

The endocannabinoid system (eCB) is implicated in the mediation of both reward and reinforcement. This is evidenced by the ability of exogenous cannabinoid drugs to produce hedonia and maintain self-administration in both human and animal subjects. eCBs similarly facilitate behaviors motivated by reward through interaction with the mesolimbic dopamine (DA) and endogenous opioid systems. Indeed, eCB signaling in the ventral tegmental area stimulates activation of midbrain DA cells and promotes DA release in terminal regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc). DA transmission mediates several aspects of reinforced behavior, such as motivation, incentive salience, and cost-benefit calculations. However, much research suggests that endogenous opioid signaling underlies the hedonic aspects of reward. eCBs and their receptors functionally interact with opioid systems within the NAc to support reward, most likely through augmenting DA release. This review explores the interaction of these systems as it relates to reward and reinforcement and examines current literature regarding their role in food reward.
Large Decentralized Control Problems with Imperfect Information

Abstract This paper formulates and discusses, by means of an example, a new class of decision problems for large systems composed of similar subsystems, in which decision makers’ information on own subsystem are supplemented by some macro (aggregate) signals observed by everybody, and by statistical information on distribution of subsystem characteristics.
Measurement of formic acid, acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and methyl peroxide in air by chemical ionization mass spectrometry: airborne method development

Abstract. A chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) method utilizing a reagent gas mixture of O2, CO2, and CH3I in N2 is described and optimized for quantitative gas-phase measurements of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl peroxide (CH3OOH), formic acid (HCOOH), and the sum of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and hydroxyacetaldehyde (HOCH2CHO; also known as glycolaldehyde). The instrumentation and methodology were designed for airborne in situ field measurements. The CIMS quantification of formic acid, acetic acid, and hydroxyacetaldehyde used I− cluster formation to produce and detect the ion clusters I−(HCOOH), I−(CH3COOH), and I−(HOCH2CHO), respectively. The CIMS also produced and detected I− clusters with hydrogen peroxide and methyl peroxide, I−(H2O2) and I−(CH3OOH), though the sensitivity was lower than with the O2− (CO2) and O2− ion clusters, respectively. For that reason, while the I− peroxide clusters are presented, the focus is on the organic acids. Acetic acid and hydroxyacetaldehyde were found to yield equivalent CIMS responses. They are exact isobaric compounds and indistinguishable in the CIMS used. Consequently, their combined signal is referred to as the acetic acid equivalent sum . Within the resolution of the quadrupole used in the CIMS (1 m∕z), ethanol and 1- and 2-propanol were potential isobaric interferences to the measurement of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum, respectively. The CIMS response to ethanol was 3.3 % that of formic acid and the response to either 1- or 2-propanol was 1 % of the acetic acid response; therefore, the alcohols were not considered to be significant interferences to formic acid or the acetic acid equivalent sum. The multi-reagent ion system was successfully deployed during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) in 2014. The combination of FRAPPE and laboratory calibrations allowed for the post-mission quantification of formic acid and the acetic acid equivalent sum observed during the Deep Convective Clouds and Chemistry Experiment in 2012.
Florida Citrus Freeze Losses and Recovery in the Field

Freezes have had and will continue to have a significant impact on the conduct of the Florida citrus industry. A viable industry and all its associated suppliers and services depend very heavily on the consistent and continued production of fruit in the field. The main reason that fruit production has been inconsistent is the fruit and tree losses associated with damaging freezes. This paper will discuss a brief history of the freezes, the economics of several options of rehabilitating freeze-damaged trees, and cultural practices, etc. in the field which can minimize freeze losses.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Early Weight Loss in Behavioral Treatment Predicts Later Rate of Weight Loss and Response to Pharmacotherapy

BACKGROUND Early weight loss (EWL) in the first 1-2 months of behavioral treatment is a strong predictor of later total weight loss. It is not clear whether participants with lower early losses lose less in ongoing treatment or simply fail to overcome the smaller initial loss. Furthermore, no study has tested whether EWL in behavioral treatment predicts response to a different treatment modality, such as pharmacotherapy. METHODS Data were from 170 participants with obesity (baseline BMI = 40.8 ± 5.8 kg/m2, 87.6% female; 71.3% Black) enrolled in a two-phase trial. Data from the weight loss phase, which provided weekly lifestyle counseling and a meal replacement diet, were used to examine the relationship between 4-week EWL and subsequent rate of weight loss in behavioral treatment. Data from the maintenance phase, in which 137 participants who had lost ≥5% of initial weight were randomized to 52 weeks of maintenance counseling with lorcaserin or placebo, were used to determine whether EWL with behavioral treatment affects the benefit of pharmacotherapy. RESULTS EWL in the first 4 weeks of behavioral treatment (3.6 ± 1.7%) predicted greater total losses at Week 14 (r2 = 0.61, p < .001) and a faster rate of weight loss in the subsequent 9 weeks of the program (p < .001). During the maintenance phase, lower EWL in behavioral treatment predicted a greater benefit of lorcaserin, in comparison with placebo, for the maintenance of a ≥5% loss at Weeks 24 and 52. CONCLUSIONS These findings support recommendations to modify treatment for individuals with low EWL.
Three-to-One Internal Resonances in Hinged-Clamped Beams

The nonlinear planar response of a hinged-clamped beam to a primary excitation of either its first mode or its second mode is investigated. The analysis accounts for mid-plane stretching, a static axial load and a restraining spring at one end, and modal damping. For a range of axial loads, the second natural frequency is approximately three times the first natural frequency and hence the first and second modes may interact due to a three-to-one internal resonance. The method of multiple scales is used to attack directly the governing nonlinear partial-differential equation and derive two sets of four first-order nonlinear ordinary-differential equations describing the modulation of the amplitudes and phases of the first two modes in the case of primary resonance of either the first or the second mode. Periodic motions and periodically and chaotically modulated motions of the beam are determined by investigating the equilibrium and dynamic solutions of the modulation equations. For the case of primary resonance of the first mode, only two-mode solutions are possible, whereas for the case of primary resonance of the second mode, single- and two-mode solutions are possible. The two-mode equilibrium solutions of the modulation equations may undergo a supercritical or a subcritical Hopf bifurcation, depending on the magnitude of the axial load. A shooting technique is used to calculate limit cycles of the modulation equations and Floquet theory is used to ascertain their stability. The limit cycles correspond to periodically modulated motions of the beam. The limit cycles are found to undergo cyclic-fold bifurcations and period-doubling bifurcations, leading to chaos. The chaotic attractors may undergo boundary crises, resulting in the destruction of the chaotic attractors and their basins of attraction.
Catecholamines and tryptamines.

Catecholamines are represented in the vertebrate nervous system most notably by noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA), but also by the precursor compounds and related ones. Tryptamines are represented primarily by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT or serotonin), but tryptamine itself has been detected there as well. These two groups of so-called “biogenic” or neurohumoral amines have been shown by fluorescence histochemical methods to occur normally within specific neurons, and by physiological and pharmacological methods to affect specific neuronal systems. These results have led to two major functional generalizations about these compounds in the central nervous system. Dopamine has been implicated in central generalized motor stimulation mechanisms and 5-hydroxytryptamine in central induction of sleep.
Biotransformation of tritiated fentanyl in human liver microsomes : monitoring metabolism using phenylacetic acid and 2-phenylethanol

Norfentanyl has been identified previously as a urinary metabolite of fentanyl. However, at clinically relevant concentrations, norfentanyl are below the limits of detection. The use of labeled drug in metabolic studies is a standard approach to overcome the limitations imposed by metabolite concentrations that are below detection limits. Unfortunately, the available tritium-labeled fentanyl yields unlabeled norfentanyl following N-dealkylation. Thus, we have developed a technique to monitor the N-dealkylation of fentanyl using the other products of N-dealkylation. The biotransformation of fentanyl was studied in human liver microsomes. After incubation with human liver microsomes for 20 min, almost 50% of a 0.03 microM concentration of [3H]-fentanyl was metabolized to the [3H]N-dealkylated metabolite phenylacetaldehyde, which was then converted principally to [3H]2-phenylethanol and to a smaller extent to [3H]phenylacetic acid in microsomal incubates. The apparent Km,app and Vmax,app for norfentanyl formation were 82 +/- 21 microM and 4.7 +/- 0.4 nmol product formed/min/nmol cytochrome P450, respectively. Thus, this study defined methodology that can be used to evaluate the metabolism of fentanyl, both in vivo and in vitro, at clinically relevant concentrations.
WHAT IS MEANT BY KNOWING A LANGUAGE

Publisher Summary Language is relational in every aspect and at every term. There are many practical situations in which one may be in doubt as to whether a subject knows English or whether he is just doing something that superficially resembles speaking, without any real knowledge of English. Among humans, it is not always clear whether an individual knows a natural language. Clinicians are faced with patients whose language behavior is so deviant that serious doubts may be raised about their language capacities. Such borderline cases help in the understanding of the nature of language. Language is so intimately interwoven with the cognitive life that it is found hard to imagine what language-free cognition would be like. Virtually every aspect of language is relational. Any kind of concatenation of words in any language and at any state of language development implies the relations between the concatenated words. The language community induces the child to treat what is before him in quantitative, qualitative, and comparative terms and induces him to say something that relates an object to its use, to the speaker, to the listener, or to another object.
Religion and Politics: United States

Religion helps to establish moral order for a society, legitimating social hierarchies, collective goals, and cultural boundaries. While religious institutions are located in civil society, political actors often seek their support for electoral or policy purposes. The linkage between religion and politics can result from creedal beliefs, institutional interests, social group effects, or civil religion. The strength of religious group effects is a function of social identification, social cohesion, behavioral contagion, leadership legitimacy, and outgroup scapegoating. Although church and para-church organizations have increased political mobilization since the 1960s, consensual boundaries limit the direct influence of churches on elections and policies.
Heat Transport in Forced Flow He II: Analytic Solution

There is considerable interest in the problem of forced flow He II particularly as it relates to the cooling of large magnet systems. The potential advantages of forced flow He II are an improved heat transport in the direction of flow and an ability to sweep away regions of He I created by major disturbances. There have been several experimental investigations of forced flow He II reported in the literature.1–3 In addition there has been one experiment4 which reported the induction of flow in a natural circulation cooling loop containing He II.
An Analysis of State Statutes Regarding the Role of Law Enforcement

Police officer roles are typically divided into either crime control or peacekeeping/order maintenance functions. With the prevalence of community-oriented policing (COP), the majority of an officer’s duties are ostensibly more order maintenance in nature, but in the post-Ferguson world, the crime-fighting, warrior cop mentality still holds firm, which is in conflict with the tenets of COP. State statutes dictate the legal role of police officer and prior analyses demonstrated a shift over time toward including more order maintenance tasks following the emergence of COP. This analysis reexamines these statutes to determine if this shift continued. Our findings indicate a counterintuitive reversal in the trend, with more states removing order maintenance and peacekeeping duties from their statutes despite the wide dominance of COP.
Understanding nutrient throughput of operational RAS farm effluents to support semi-commercial aquaponics: Easy upgrade possible beyond controversies

Abstract The present research attempted to address a key industry-level question amidst Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) waste throughput and aquaponics limitations controversies. Nutrient throughput of three operational RAS farms with progressive size proportions (16, 130, 1400 m3), aquaculture intensity (24, 62, 86 kg stock m−3) were studied. Results suggest - daily total efflux and potency of nutrients in effluents should not be generalized, extreme variability exists. Consistencies of nutrients in wastewater (except N, Ca and Na) are higher than in sludge. Asynchrony between patterns of nutrient loading and effluent nutrient concentrations exist for secondary macronutrients and micronutrients (S, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, B, Mo). Macronutrient output generally increases with increasing farm size and culture intensity but same cannot be said for micronutrients. Deficiency in wastewater can be completely masked using raw or mineralized sludge, usually containing 3–17 times higher nutrient concentrations. RAS effluents (wastewater and sludge combined) contain adequate N, P, Mg, Ca, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Ni to meet most aquaponic crop needs. K is generally deficient requiring a full-fledged fertilization. Micronutrients B, Mo are partly sufficient and can be easily ameliorated by increasing sludge release. The presumption surrounding ‘definite’ phyto-toxic Na levels in RAS effluents should be reconsidered – practical solutions available too. No threat of heavy metal accumulation or discharge was observed. Most of the ‘well-known’ operational influences failed to show any significant predictable power in deciding nutrient throughput from RAS systems. Calibration of nutrient output from operational RAS farms may be primarily focused around six predictors we identified. Despite inherent complexity of effluents, the conversion of RAS farms to semi-commercial aquaponics should not be deterred by nutrient insufficiency or nutrient safety arguments. Incentivizing RAS farm wastes through semi-commercial aquaponics should be encouraged - sufficient and safe nutrients are available.
Modulo classes and logarithmic advice

Abstract We show that paddable languages in MOD k P log (where k is prime) that are also self-reducible are in MODkP, without advice. This is an extension of similar results for self-reducible paddable sets in P log by Balcazar and Schoning (1992).
Occupational Needs of Transitionally Housed Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer (LGBTQ) Young People

Date Presented 04/05/19 This study investigated the occupational needs of LGBTQ young people in a transitional housing facility. Primary needs identified were home management, work and work preparation, social skills, and financial management. OTs can develop programming for young people that addresses independent living skills for residential stability using a developmental, trauma-informed, occupation-based approach. Primary Author and Speaker: Callan McDermott Additional Authors and Speakers: Emily Simpson Contributing Authors: Lauren Hild
An intervention analysis of fatal far-right extremist violence within a vector-autoregressive framework

This research examines the efficacy of 15 policy interventions and high-profile events on fatal violence committed by far-right extremists in the United States through the theoretical frameworks of...
Reflections of an Integrated Maternal-Child Health Medical Student Assignment.

Clinical experiences expose learners to the patient perspective, which can have a lasting impact on students’ professional identity. However, in busy clinical settings where opportunities for reflection may be limited, listening to patients’ stories is often neglected. We used a reflection assignment to augment a new maternal-child health integrated curriculum. Medical students completed a brief assignment from their session in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), which included reflective writing, between fall 2016 and summer 2017. The Depth of Reflection rubric was used to score reflections on a scale: “Knowledge and Comprehension” (Level I), “Analysis” (Level II), and “Synthesis and Evaluation” (Level III). A constant comparison method based on grounded theory elicited prenatal and postnatal themes from medical students’ reflective writing. All students completed narratives (n = 166); 70% (n = 116) achieved a Depth of Reflection of Level II or III. Six overarching themes emerged: (1) Conception, Pregnancy, and Delivery Experiences; (2) Positive Support Structures; (3) Barriers and Stressors to Care; (4) Future Plans; (5) Unexpected Complications; and (6) Student Career and Professional Considerations. Reflections from a novel and brief integrated maternal-child health experience demonstrated high levels on the Depth of Reflection scale. This experience exposed students to core themes central to a family’s pregnancy and perinatal experience. Professional identity formation also emerged as a theme. Reflective writing assignments in a busy NICU can facilitate exploration of medical students’ knowledge of maternal-child health patient experiences.
Interdental Cleaning and Oral Health Status in an Adult Cohort, 2015 to 2018:

Interdental cleaning is routinely recommended, despite limited evidence supporting efficacy to prevent advanced oral disease endpoints, such as caries and periodontal disease. We aimed to examine a...
Comparative study of millimeter-wave guiding structures

A number of guided wave structures for millimeter-wave circuits are compared in terms of the characteristics and applications.
Effect of multiple head positions on intraocular pressure in healthy, anesthetized horses during hoisting

Objective To evaluate changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) with variable head position in healthy, anesthetized horses in hoisted inversion and to assess the influence of various cofactors (age, sex, body weight, body condition score, and neck length) on IOP changes during hoisting. Animals studied Seventeen healthy adult horses without significant ocular abnormalities. Procedures Subjects were administered intravenous xylazine/butorphanol premedication and ketamine/midazolam induction with xylazine/ketamine boluses for anesthetic maintenance. While hoisted, IOP was measured in triplicate for each eye via rebound tonometry (TonoVet) at neutral head position (ie, eyes level with the withers), at multiple 5 cm increments above and below neutral (-20 cm through +20 cm) using foam pads for head support, and with eyes above heart level via manual support. Results In hoisted positions, IOP ranged from 18 to 51 mmHg. Intraocular pressure significantly decreased with head position elevated ≥+15 cm from neutral and significantly increased when lowered ≤-5 cm from neutral. Neck length significantly influenced IOP (P = .0328) with linear regression indicating a median (range) increase of 0.244 (0.034-0.425) mmHg in IOP for every 1 cm increase in neck length. Age, sex, breed, body weight, body condition score, and eye (OD vs OS) did not significantly influence IOP. Intraocular pressure only varied significantly between eyes at +10 cm above neutral (OS > OD, 1.7 ± 0.6 mm Hg, P = .0044). Conclusions Intraocular pressure in healthy, anesthetized horses varies with head position during hoisting; increased neck length may be associated with larger changes in IOP during hoisting.
A longitudinal study of the differential social‐cognitive foundations of early prosocial behaviors

A growing body of work has documented the emergence of instrumental helping and sharing in the second year of life; however, less is known about mechanisms that underlie development and production of prosocial behavior. The current study took a longitudinal approach to explore whether the origins of prosocial behaviors can be traced back to foundational social-cognitive capacities emerging in infancy. In a sample of 90 children, longitudinal relations were examined between intention understanding and joint attention measured in infancy (8-12 months) and later instrumental helping and sharing behavior assessed in the toddler years (18-25 months). We expected social-cognitive capacities supporting infants' understanding of others to be positively related to their prosocial behaviors as toddlers. Measured variable path analyses revealed two distinct developmental pathways from infant social cognition to later prosocial behavior: 1) Instrumental helping in the toddler years was positively predicted by intention understanding in infancy; 2) sharing in the toddler years was positively predicted by infants' initiating joint attention. These results lend support to proposals on the multidimensional nature of early prosocial behavior and offer the first longitudinal evidence that the origins of toddlers' prosocial behavior can be traced to social-cognitive capacities emerging in infancy.
Vacancy‑Enabled O3 Phase Stabilization for Manganese‑Rich Layered Sodium Cathodes

Manganese-rich layered oxide materials hold great potential as low-cost and high-capacity cathodes for Na-ion batteries. However, they usually form a P2 phase and suffer from fast capacity fade. In this work, an O3 phase sodium cathode has been developed out of a Li and Mn-rich layered material by leveraging the creation of transition metal (TM) and oxygen vacancies and the electrochemical exchange of Na and Li. The Mn-rich layered cathode material remains primarily O3 phase during sodiation/desodiation and can have a full sodiation capacity of ca. 220 mAh g-1 . It delivers ca. 160 mAh g-1 specific capacity between 2-3.8 V with >86 % retention over 250 cycles. The TM and oxygen vacancies pre-formed in the sodiated material enables a reversible migration of TMs from the TM layer to the tetrahedral sites in the Na layer upon de-sodiation and sodiation. The migration creates metastable states, leading to increased kinetic barrier that prohibits a complete O3-P3 phase transition.
Prevalence of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and associated health risks and risk behaviors among young women and men in Honduras.

Abstract Background Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are potentially traumatic childhood events associated with negative health outcomes. Limited data on ACEs exists from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). No ACEs studies have been done in Honduras. Objective This study assessed the prevalence of ACEs in Honduras and associated health risks and risk behaviors among young adults. Participants and setting Data from the 2017 Honduras Violence Against Children and Youth Survey (VACS) were used. Analyses were restricted to participants ages 18−24 years (n = 2701). Methods This study uses nationally representative VACS data to estimate the weighted prevalence of ACEs (physical, emotional, and sexual violence; witnessing violence; parental migration). Logistic regression analyses assessed the relationship between individual ACEs, cumulative ACEs, and health risks and risk behaviors (psychological distress; suicide ideation or self-harm; binge drinking; smoking; drug use; STIs; early pregnancy). Chi-square tests examined differences by sex. Results An estimated 77 % of 18−24 year olds in Honduras experienced at least 1 ACE and 39 % experienced 3+ ACEs. Women experienced significantly more sexual, emotional, and physical violence compared to men. Compared to youth with no ACEs, those with 1−2 ACEs and 3+ ACEs had 1.8 and 2.8 increased odds for psychological distress, 2.3 and 6.4 increased odds for suicidal ideation and self-harm, and 1.7 and 1.9 increased odds for smoking, respectively, adjusting for age, education, and food insecurity. Physical violence victimization and witnessing violence in the community were associated with increased odds of all health risks and risk behaviors. Conclusions The high prevalence of ACEs and associated negative health risks and risk behaviors in this population support the need for prevention and early intervention for ACEs.
TRP Channels in Renal Epithelia

Invariability of the internal milieu of the body is essential for normal physiology. Kidneys are imperative for systemic homeostasis and blood pressure control by tuning water-solute transport in the renal tubular epithelium in response to a vast array of dietary, endocrine, and mechanical inputs. Over the last two decades, functional expression of different transient receptor potential (TRP) channels with highly specialized mechanisms of activation to a broad range of external stimuli has been identified in renal epithelia. Here, TRP channels have been demonstrated to significantly contribute to renal physiology and pathology. Recent advances in creating transgenic animals lacking TRP channels and in elucidating high-resolution near-atomic TRP channel structures enabled to integrate TRP-mediated cellular processes with changes in kidney function and urinary production. It is anticipated that modulation of TRP channels activity will be instrumental in treatment of various renal and cardiovascular pathologies.
Hybrid OAM Multiplexing using Butler Matrices toward over 100 Gbit/s Wireless Transmission

This paper presents a hybrid analog-digital architecture design of orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing transmission system. Adequate function allocation to analog and digital processing can reduce the amount of digital signal processing and device expenses, so we implemented wideband Butler matrices with uniform circular arrays (UCAs), which were analog components in our hybrid system worked as discrete Fourier transform (DFT) processors to generate and separate OAM waves. Then, we introduced the mode isolation index to evaluate the performance. Consequently, our implemented Butler matrices have roughly 20 dB modes isolation, and can generate five and seven OAM modes simultaneously on 2S GHz and 40 GHz bands, respectively. Lastly, we summarize our experimental demonstrations including more than 100 Gbit/s wireless transmission using the Butler matrices on 28 GHz and 40 GHz bands.
For Love or Money? Examining Reasons behind OSS Developers’ Contributions

Over the past decade, corporations such as Microsoft and IBM have become increasingly involved in open source software projects and development platforms. In this study, we examine motivations behi...