cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Some Observations on the Infinitesimal Period Relations for Regular Threefolds with Trivial Canonical Bundle

It is well-known that, aside from algebraic curves, abelian varieties, and a few other isolated cases such as K3 surfaces, the period matrices of a family of algebraic varieties satisfy non-trivial universal infinitesimal period relations. In this note we shall discuss some remarkable properties of any local solution to the differential system given by the infinitesimal period relation associated to polarized Ilodge structures of weight three with Ilodge number h 3,0 = 1.
Powered Wheels for Aircraft

Engineering details, project status, system design and specifications, and test results are presented on a powered-wheel drive system based on the Dynavector rotary actuator. The design and operation of the Dynavector system (with positive displacement very-low-inertia nonrotating vane motor) are reviewed. Feasibility studies, contract data, and findings of braking tests are described. Exploded diagrams of Dynavector details are displayed. Success in using powered wheels in lieu of aircraft main engines for on-ground movements should bring benefits in energy conservation, noise abatement, reduced pollution, and alleviated congestion in the terminal area.
The Dark Age: How the Biblical Narratives Demonstrate the Necessity for Law and Government

This paper continues the analysis of political theory in the Hebrew Bible. In earlier work I argue that the Garden of Eden story explores why people have an obligation to obey the law. The narratives that follow describe a “Dark Age” characterized by accelerating violence and ending in a catastrophic flood. These texts expand the analysis of the Eden narratives by asking whether human beings can achieve a good and decent life in the absence of government and law. The narratives describe an experiment in which people interact strategically in an environment where cooperation can generate a surplus but defection is always possible. The message of the Dark Age texts is people cannot achieve a good and decent life in the absence of government and law. The story of Noah’s Flood expands the analysis by arguing that human beings can achieve a good and decent life in the presence of government and law. The Tower of Babel story explains why, even with government and law in place, human societies do not achieve their full potential.
Use of an online portal to facilitate clinical trial recruitment: a preliminary analysis of Fox Trial Finder.

BACKGROUND As in other therapeutic areas, clinical studies in Parkinson's disease (PD) face significant recruitment challenges. However, qualitative surveys suggest that individuals with PD are willing to participate in clinical research. The Michael J. Fox Foundation therefore established Fox Trial Finder in 2011 to facilitate connection between PD research teams and volunteers. OBJECTIVE Characterize the research volunteers (with and without PD) registered on Fox Trial Finder as of June 2014, and the published, recruiting studies to identify trends and highlight gaps between research requirements and available volunteers. METHODS Profiles of volunteers with and without PD were analyzed to explore trends in geography, demographics, family history and, for those volunteers with PD, disease progression and treatment history. Clinical study profiles were analyzed to determine study type, phase, sponsor, focus, location and eligibility criteria. The analysis focused on volunteers and studies based in the United States. RESULTS The database contained 26,261 US-based volunteers, including 19,243 volunteers (73%) with PD and 7,018 (27%) controls without PD. The average time since diagnosis for PD volunteers was 5.7 years and the average age at diagnosis was 58 years. Control volunteers were more likely than volunteers with PD to be female (67% vs. 35%) and to have a family history of PD (49% vs. 12%). CONCLUSIONS Fox Trial Finder's registration history to date demonstrates the high level of willingness among individuals affected by PD to participate in clinical research and provide a significant amount of personal health information to facilitate that participation.
Activation of Endothelial NLRP3 Inflammasomes associated with Acid Sphingomyelinase-dependent Formation of Membrane Raft Redox Signaling Platforms

There is evidence that endothelial NLRP3 inflammasomes are activated by atherogenic stimuli such as cholesterol crystals (CHC), 7-ketocholesterol (7- Keto) and visfatin. However, the mechanism by w...
The Assessment of Self-Mutilation

Abstract The detection and assessment of self-mutilation poses significant clinical challenges. This state of affairs is unfortunate insofar as self-mutilation is not a rare event, self-mutilating behaviors can range from superficial to severe, and self-mutilation can be distinguished from more lethal, suicidal behaviors, which often receive greater attention in the clinical context. In this article, we discuss a number of complexities in identifying self-mutilating behaviors, examine a variety of clinical correlates of this phenomenon, elucidate important assessment considerations, and advance a framework for evaluating individuals at high risk for perpetrating acts of self-mutilation.
Cryptococcus neoformans: a sugar-coated killer.

The main principles for the genetic pathophysiology of cryptococcosis will probably be consistent among all three varieties. In this chapter the author considers the yeasts to be different varieties or serotypes. Seven major areas are examined to support the potential molecular insights into this pathogenic yeast which will allow one to identify drug targets, define drug resistance mechanisms, and/or prepare mutants or fungal products for protective fungal vaccines. Initial molecular biology studies focused on distinguishing molecular strain differences with the use of karyotypes, repetitive elements, and eventually randomly amplified polymorphic DNAs, amplification fragment length polymorphisms, and PCR fingerprinting for strain genotyping. Cryptococcus neoformans has several well-characterized virulence phenotypes which have been approached in their understanding by both genetic and molecular tools. Experimental cryptococcosis in animal models has tended to be associated with large inocula or some type of induced immunosuppression. In summary, the encapsulated yeast C. neoformans has developed into a major human pathogen over the last two decades. It causes a serious infection which we can treat, but it is still associated with substantial morbidity and mortality and is correctly called the sugar-coated killer In C. neoformans, all the keys are in place to unlock the mysteries of what it means to be a fungal pathogen. This basidiomycete has become a model pathogen for the study of molecular fungal pathogenesis, and although it has unique features, many of the paradigms discovered by its study will be used to understand other invasive mycoses.
Ecology of Fire in Grasslands

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the ecology of fire in grasslands. It describes several generalizations such as environmental alterations, effects on species of plants, effects on vegetation, and associated animals. The grassland essentially includes any herb-dominated vegetation, herb dominated layers of savanna or open forests. Lightning is considered a universal natural cause of vegetation fires. A wide variety of other non-anthropeic causes of fire include volcanic eruptions, spontaneous combustion, and the occurrence of sparks when boulders roll down a slope. It is noted that these natural fires have been occurring from the earliest appearance of land vegetation. Their effect is to injure a plant community to a greater or lesser degree, after which the community escapes similar disturbance for sufficient time to allow a restoration of its former structure and composition. Grass fires are characterized by a rather narrow zone of flames advancing across a finely divided and homogeneously dispersed fuel. The fine texture of fuel makes it more sensitive to weather change than is true of woody aerial stems.
Risk factors for childhood respiratory disease: analysis of pulmonary function

Four thousand elementary-school-age children from a rural area of western Pennsylvania participated in a cross-sectional survey that consisted of a standardized respiratory questionnaire completed by their parents and spirometric testing at school. Spirographic tracings were digitized to obtain the FVC, FEV0.75, FEF25-75, max75, and max90, which were standardized for height, age, and sex for the subsequent analyses. Independent associations of potential risk factors with the standardized pulmonary function measures were evaluated with multiple regression techniques. Asthma, persistent wheeze, and parental smoking habits, especially those of the mothers, were associated with lower flow rates. The effect of parental smoking was primarily due to smoking by the mother and was stronger in girls. In female children of currently smoking mothers, FEF25-75 was 96% of predicted, max75 was 95% of predicted, and max90 was 92% of predicted; each flow measure was 98% of predicted in male children of smoking mothers. Pr...
Electrical characterization of the materials by a short electric probe

Many researchers have used the open-ended coaxial lines for measuring the complex permittivity of materials nondestructively. In this method, the material under test is placed against the open end of a coaxial line and its input reflection coefficient is recorded. An electrical equivalent model is then used for determining the complex permittivity of the terminating material. In general, this procedure is found satisfactory for a wide range of materials. However, the measurement error is found to be relatively large for the low permittivity liquids. As indicated by the experimental results, this occurs mainly due to a bad electrical contact of the coaxial sensor with the sample. An appreciable reduction in the error is observed when a small length of the inner conductor extends beyond the coaxial aperture plane. The results of the author's investigation of this problem are presented. >
Effect of voxel position on single-voxel MR spectroscopy findings.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Single-voxel MR spectroscopy is a widely used tool for evaluating brain tumors. Although extensive data are available on the MR spectral appearance of tumors, less is known about the effect of voxel position on the accuracy of single-voxel MR spectroscopy findings. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the accuracy of single-voxel MR spectroscopy in the categorization of lesions as either tumor or not tumor is dependent on voxel position. METHODS: Fifty single-voxel MR spectra acquired with a fully automated stimulated-echo spectroscopy sequence were reviewed retrospectively in 43 patients with new or previously treated intra-axial brain tumors. Spectra were analyzed for the presence of choline, creatine, N-acetylaspartate (NAA), and lipid/lactate. Choline/creatine and NAA/creatine peak area ratios were assessed qualitatively. Lesions were grouped into one of three categories on the basis of spectral pattern: tumor, not tumor, or indeterminate. Results of MR spectroscopy were compared with the final histopathologic diagnosis. RESULTS: Histologic confirmation was obtained in 19 patients; MR spectra were interpretable in 17 of those. MR spectra correctly categorized nine of 17 lesions (six tumor, three nontumor). All eight misdiagnosed lesions were tumors. When the MR spectroscopy voxel included the enhancing edge of the lesion, the spectra correctly categorized seven of eight lesions (four of five tumors and all three cases of radiation necrosis). When the MR spectroscopy voxel was positioned centrally within the lesion, the spectra correctly reflected histologic outcome in two of nine lesions (all tumors). CONCLUSION: The reliability of single-voxel MR spectroscopy findings is dependent on voxel position. Spectra obtained from voxels at the enhancing edge of a tumor more accurately reflect lesion histopathology than do spectra obtained from the lesion center, even if the centrally placed voxels contain solidly enhancing tissue.
Inferring relevant control mechanisms for Interleukin-12 signaling in naïve CD4+ T cells

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a key cytokine involved in shaping the cell-mediated immunity to intracellular pathogens. IL-12 initiates a cellular response through the IL-12 signaling pathway, a member of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK/STAT) family of signaling networks. The JAK/STAT pathway includes several regulatory elements; however, the dynamics of these mechanisms are not fully understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to infer the relative importance of regulatory mechanisms that modulate the activation of STAT4 in naive CD4(+) T cells. Dynamic changes in protein expression and activity were measured using flow cytometry and these data were used to calibrate a mathematical model of IL-12 signaling. An empirical Bayesian approach was used to infer the relative strengths of the different regulatory mechanisms in the system. The model predicted that IL-12 receptor expression is regulated by a dynamic, autonomous program that was independent of STAT4 activation. In summary, a mathematical model of the canonical IL-12 signaling pathway used in conjunction with a Bayesian framework provided high-confidence predictions of the system-specific control mechanisms from the available experimental observations.
Measurement of Aerosol Absorption Coefficient from Teflon Filters Using Integrating Plate and Integrating Sphere Techniques

Optical transmission of aerosol samples collected on Teflon filters measured by the integrating plate method (IPM) has been used as a means of determining the aerosol absorption coefficient, b ap, by the Air Quality Group at Crocker Nuclear Lab for over 9 years. The results of an intensive quality assurance program, using an integrating sphere photometer configured for measurement of the transmission of filters, demonstrate that the IPM is highly precise (±1%) and does not suffer from inherent overestimation of particle absorption due to internal scattering, a problem commonly attributed to IPM measurements of aerosols collected on Nuclepore filters. If the appropriate correction is applied when filter loading exceeds a monolayer of particles, b ap can be accurately determined by the IPM for aerosol samples collected on Teflon filters.
Another perspective on MBA program alignment: An investigation of learning goals

In recent AMLE issues, Rubin and Dierdorff (2009, 2011) reported a marked misalignment between the competencies needed for managerial effectiveness and those that are being taught in required MBA c...
INTERACTIONS OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATION-INDUCED HYPERTHERMIA AND 2-METHOXYETHANOL TERATOGENICITY IN RATS

Radiofrequency (RF) radiation is used in a variety of workplaces. In addition to RF radiation, many workers are concurrently exposed to numerous chemicals; exposed workers include those involved with the microelectronics industry, plastic sealers, and electrosurgical units. The developmental toxicity of RF radiation is associated with the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by the exposure. Previous animal research indicates that hyperthermia induced by an elevation in ambient temperature can potentiate the toxicity and teratogenicity of some chemical agents. We previously demonstrated that combined exposure to RF radiation (10 MHz) and the industrial solvent, 2-methoxyethanol (2ME), produces enhanced teratogenicity in rats. The purpose of the present research is to determine the effects of varying the degree and duration of hyperthermia induced by RF radiation (sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at control [38.5], 39.0, 40.0, or 41.0 degrees C for up to 6 h) and 2ME (100 mg/kg) administered on gestation day 13 of rats. Focusing on characterizing the dose-response pattern of interactions, this research seeks to determine the lowest interactive effect level. Day 20 fetuses were examined for external and skeletal malformations. The results are consistent with previous observations. Significant interactions were observed between 2ME and RF radiation sufficient to maintain colonic temperatures at 41 degrees C for 1 h, but no consistent interactions were seen at lower temperatures even with longer durations. These data indicate that combined exposure effects should be considered when developing both RF radiation and chemical exposure guidelines and intervention strategies.
Liver in a dish

There exists a worldwide shortage of donor livers for transplant. This may not pose a problem in the future, as Takebe et al. have recently grown functional “liver buds” from stem cells in a dish.
Video Game Strategies as Predictors of Academic Achievement

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships between strategies students use to overcome challenges in both video games and homework assignments, and whether or not these are predictors of academic performance in school. Data were collected through an online survey of students, primarily in middle and high school, assessing both video game play strategies and homework strategies. Two separate multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between video game play strategies and school GPA, and between homework strategies and school GPA. The first regression analysis investigating video game strategies and GPA was significant, F(11, 71) = 2.666, p = .006, with five individual strategies being significantly related to GPA. The second analysis investigating homework strategies and GPA was not significant, F(7, 75) = 1.332, p = .247, with no individual strategies being significantly related to GPA. Findings suggest that future research should explore whether use of just-in-t...
Sir James W. Black, MD, FRS: 1924–2010

James W. Black was born in Lanarkshire, a coal mining district of Scotland, on June 14, 1924 and died in London on March 22, 2010. He was the fourth of five sons of a mining engineer and a housewife. His family could not afford to send him to university, but at the age of 15, on the advice of his high school mathematics teacher, he applied for and won a scholarship to nearby St Andrew’s University, where, under the influence of an older brother, he attended its medical school. His clinical training in medical school was at University College, which subsequently became the University of Dundee. (Black served as Chancellor of his alma mater later, vide infra.) He decided not to practice medicine because of what he perceived to be “insensitive” treatment of patients that he had observed. Instead, on graduation, he joined the Physiology Department of St Andrews as an Assistant Lecturer and began his research career in Professor R. C. Garry’s laboratory, where he studied the intestinal absorption of carbohydrates. In 1947, Black and his new wife, the former Hilary Vaughan whom he had met at St Andrews, moved to Singapore, where he served for 3 years as a Lecturer in Physiology at the King Edward VII College of Medicine, University of Malaya. That move was necessitated, subsequently described by Black, as: “an inevitable result of marriage, debts accumulated to pay for the completion of my medical studies, and pitiful academic prospects.”1 On returning to Scotland in 1950, he became Senior Lecturer and Head of the Department of Physiology at the new Glasgow Veterinary School, where he built a state-of-the-art physiology teaching laboratory. He conducted research and published his first article on the effects of 5-hydroxytryptamine on gastric acid secretions.2 This early work stimulated his lifelong …
The European educateur program for disturbed children.

Innovative institutional programs for disturbed children have been extensively developed in France, Holland, England, and Denmark. These programs represent a basically different approach than is found in the United States. A key aspect of this work has been the development of a new professional role (educateur) and theoretical model for institutional work with maladjusted children.
Novel application of X-ray computed tomography : Determination of gas/liquid contact area and liquid holdup in structured packing

X-ray computed tomography (CT) was utilized to determine the effective wetted area and local liquid holdup for an air−water contactor containing structured packing. The experimental wetted area results were in agreement with results obtained from a traditional chemical absorption technique. The holdup varied significantly with vertical position. Areas near the joint region between adjacent packing elements exhibited holdup values greatly exceeding the values for holdup observed in the middle of the packing element. These findings will dramatically impact both design and model development for mass transfer devices containing structured packing
The assembly domain of the small capsid protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus.

ABSTRACT Self-assembly of Kaposi9s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus capsids occurs when six proteins are coexpressed in insect cells using recombinant baculoviruses; however, if the small capsid protein (SCP) is omitted from the coinfection, assembly does not occur. Herein we delineate and identify precisely the assembly domain and the residues of SCP required for assembly. Hence, six residues, R14, D18, V25, R46, G66, and R70 in the assembly domain, when changed to alanine, completely abolish or reduce capsid assembly.
Magnetic Microstructures for Control of Brownian Motion and Microparticle Transport

A platform of microscopic magnetic wires and discrete bits of disks patterned on a surface offers dynamic control over the motion of fluid borne magnetic particles. The energy landscape associated with the local domain wall field originating from zigzag wire vertices is tuned by weak external fields to vary Brownian trajectories between strong confinements and delocalized spatial excursions. The corresponding spatial coverage of single particle trajectories allows the energy profile of such a magnetic trap to be mapped. Remote manipulation and guided transport of these objects across various opaque and transparent rigid surfaces as well as flexible films supporting discrete magnetic disks is presented.
Intraoral infrared color photography of radiotherapy patients.

Abstract A clinical screening study was performed in which head-and-neck radiotherapy patients were photographed intraorally using infrared "false color" film and Ektachrome color film. These photographs were compared to determine if differences existed in appearance between the intraoral tissues within the field of radiation and those intraoral tissues not in the field of radiation. No differences could be detected with either the "false color" film or with Ektachrome color film. Further investigations in the use of infrared color photography as applied to the radiotherapy patient could be undertaken by using a light source that transmits infrared rays only and a lens filter that passes only infrared rays. This method would produce a film that shows only the reflected infrared rays. Both color and black-and-white film should be used in this study.
Lidar observations of the middle-atmosphere thermal tides at Mauna Loa (19.5°N): comparison with HRDI and GSWM

The tidal signature in the middle atmospheric thermal structure (15-95 km) at Mauna Loa, Hawaii, (19.5is investigated using more than 145 hours of nighttime lidar measurements obtained during October 3-16, 1996 and October 2-11, 1997.
Direct Pathway to the Brain

Whole-body autoradiographic stuidies demonstrated that, when isotopically labeled glucose is placed in the ligated oropharynx, there is a rapid movement of the isotope directly to the intracranial cavity. This passage involves nonspecific diflision, bypassing all recognized rouctes to the brain.
Thyroid Autoantibodies Are Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Women

Context: The contribution of autoimmunity to the multisystem dysregulation that characterizes the frailty syndrome in older adults is unknown. Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between thyroid antibodies and frailty in older women. Design, Setting, and Participants: We conducted a cross-sectional study nested within the Women’s Health and Aging Studies I and II. Thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAbs), thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAbs), and antinuclear antibodies were measured in the baseline sera of 641 community-dwelling older women. Main Outcome Measure: Frailty was defined using a validated five-component measure. Results: The prevalence of prefrailty and frailty was lower in TgAb-positive than negative older women (37.1 vs. 47.8% and 6.7 vs.11.9%, respectively; P = 0.01 and 0.03). The prevalence of prefrailty, but not frailty, was lower in TPOAb-positive than negative women (38.9 vs. 48.0% and 10.1 vs. 11.3%; P = 0.04 and 0.34). After adjustment for covariates including serum thyroid stimulation hormone concentration and thyroid medication usage in multinomial regression models, TgAb-positive older women had lower odds of prefrailty and frailty compared with TgAb-negative women (odds ratio 0.57 and 0.30; 95% confidence interval 0.34–0.98 and 0.10–0.85, respectively). Similarly, TPOAb-positive older women had lower odds of frailty compared with TPOAb-negative women (odds ratio 0.44; 95% confidence interval 0.20–0.96). These trends were not observed with antinuclear antibodies. Conclusion: Independent of thyroid function status, community-dwelling older women who are seropositive for TgAbs and TPOAbs are less likely to be frail than seronegative women.
Mitotic chiasmata, gene density, and oncogenes.

Chromosomes with regions rich in mitotic chiasmata in Bloom syndrome (1, 3, 6, 11, 12, 17, 19, and 22) have been compared for various parameters to similar-sized chromosomes 2, 4, 7, 10, 9, 18, 20, and 21 with the following results: (1) The number of genes localized on the test chromosomes is significantly higher (248) than that in the control chromosomes (133). (2) The number of trisomic abortions is significantly lower (45) for the test chromosomes than for the control chromosomes (140). (3) Homogeneously stained regions in neuroblastoma lie at chiasma-containing regions on chromosome arms 1p, 6p, 17q, and 19p or q. (4) The average chiasma density of regions with at least one oncogene is 2.414, whereas that of regions containing no known oncogene is 1.137; however, the difference is not statistically significant. The association of constant cancer chromosome breaks is also in the positive direction, but is not statistically significant.
The Burrowing Ecology of the Sand Lizard, Uma notata'

temperature. They do not bury deep enough to avoid the highest temperatures of midsummer; instead they emerge and seek shade on the surface. When escaping from predators, sand lizards are unselective regarding burying sites. They are more selective in their nocturnal retreat in which they bury at the windward end of small accretion dunes. In laboratory choice experiments lizards preferred sand from the windward ends of these dunes to coarser or finer sand. The branches and leaves of partially buried shrubs may protect the lizards from predators and reduce the pressure of the overlying sand. Field observations suggest that sand lizards are less plentiful in areas of coarse sand or sand containing a large admixture of silt. In the laboratory, lizards avoided burying in such substrates. Uma is an inefficient burrower compared to some Old World arenicolous lizards. Its adaptations specifically for burrowing are largely behavioral. The morphological features which are adaptive for its burrowing behavior are characteristic of the entire Uma-Callisaurus-Holbrookia stock.
Expert systems track in the Georgia State graduate program in computer Information Systems: A balanced approach

Abstract The Expert Systems (ES) track within the Computer Information Systems (CIS) major at Georgia State University has been developed in response to the growing maturity of ES technology, the number of successful business applications using ES technology, and the market demand for those with ES skills. The ES track allows the student to specialize in this rapidly growing area while at the same time the student is developing a broad knowledge base pertaining to computer information systems in general. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the views underlying the balanced approach taken in the ES track within the CIS program. The unique features of this approach are discussed along with how it is implemented in the graduate program and how it has influenced the evolution of the program in terms of research, dissertations, and courses taught.
Comparing burnout levels experienced by therapists working in a mental health organization versus therapists working in private practice

This article examines the burnout phenomenon as experienced by therapists working in a mental health organization versus therapists working in private practice. The hypothesis is that therapists working in a mental health organization experience significantly more burnout symptoms than do therapists working in private practice settings. The article discusses the factors that appear to lead to burnout and looks at how organizations can help their employees provide better care to clients. The results of the study examined here indicate that therapists working in mental health organizations experience higher levels of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and lower levels of personal accomplishment than therapists working in private practice.
Metropolitan innovation mode: A case study of New York

People are already familiar with stories about innovation in Silicon Valley. It presents a specialized innovation mode, which is based on universities of science and technology. However, people pay little attention to another high-tech innovation center-New York. This paper points out that unlike Silicon Valley which has strong science and technology universities like Stanford and Berkeley, New York presents a unique innovation mode. New York possesses a metropolitan platform with diversified resources and has the advantages of agglomeration effect and being close to market demand. This paper systematically analyses the industrial structure, universities, government, social networks, and HR and entrepreneurship of New York, and how these five aspects promote innovation. In the context of 21st century industrial revolution, the revitalization of metropolitan innovation mode, New York as an example, is a new trend worthy further study.
Regional variation in hospital mortality and 30-day mortality for injured Medicare patients.

We sought to evaluate how survival of older patients with injuries differs by geographic region within the United States. We analyzed Medicare fee-for-service records for patients aged 65 years and older with principal injury diagnoses (ICD-9 800–959, excluding 905, 930–939, 958). Cases were classified by Maximum Abbreviated Injury Score (AISmax) and Charlson Comorbidity score (0, 1, 2, ≥3). Hospital mortality and 30-day mortality were modeled as functions of age, sex, AISmax, comorbidity, and geographic region (northeast, midwest, south, west). Hospital and 30-day mortality were both higher with male sex and increased age, AISmax, or Charlson score. Adjusted hospital mortality was highest in the northeast and south, but 30-day adjusted mortality was lowest in the same two regions. Regional differences in risk-adjusted hospital survival for older patients with injuries are different from regional differences in 30-day survival. Hospital mortality as an outcome for older injured patients should be interpreted cautiously.
Repetitive excitation of bursts of action potentials in the rat hippocampus following single shock stimulation

Abstract 1. 1. Post-stimulus time (PST) histograms of rat hippocampal cells were recorded in vivo following single-shock stimulation of the fornix. 2. 2. The PST histograms displayed a series of peaks of decreasing amplitude, similar to damped oscillatory responses previously recorded in cats and rabbits. 3. 3. The effect of increased background activity was investigated by recording histograms with concurrent pulse train stimulation of the contralateral hippocampus. The histograms showed a decreased latency to the onset of the second peak. 4. 4. Damped oscillatory activity seen in the in vivo rat preparation could not be elicited in the in vitro rat slice preparation. Thus species differences cannot account for the absence in slice studies of this type of damped oscillatory activity. 5. 5. We conclude that the level of spontaneous activity is one factor contributing to the genesis of multiple peaks in histograms in the in vivo preparation.
Long-Term Nitrate Leaching Under Vegetable Production with Cover Crops in the Pacific Northwest

Nitrate (NO 3 - -N) lost through leaching contaminates the groundwater in many agricultural areas. Understanding the relationship between leaching and climate is an important consideration for developing nutrient management strategies. Soil water was sampled for 11 yr under plots with summer vegetables grown in the Willamette Valley, Oregon, with and without winter cover crops. A randomized complete-block, split-plot design was employed with three N fertilizer application rates (N0 for no fertilizer, N1 for an intermediate input, and N2 for a full, recommended N input). Fall-seeded cover crops included cereal rye (Secale cereale L. var. Wheeler), triticale (Triticosecale X L. var. Celia), and a common vetch (Vicia sativa)/triticale mix. Twenty-six, 0.26-m 2 passive capillary samplers (PCAPS), which are capable of sampling in unsaturated and saturated conditions, allowed for the uninterrupted measurement of soil water and solute flux at a depth of 1.2 m. Eleven-year flow-weighted average NO - 3 -N concentrations (mg L -4 ) for fallow (F) and cover cropped (CC) treatments were 16.7 and 11.9 for the N2 fertilizer treatment, 9.9 and 6.4 for the N1 fertilizer treatment, and 7.0 and 4.1 for the N0 treatment. Annual average NO 3 - -N mass losses (kg ha -1 ) for F and CC treatments were 76 and 46 for the N2 fertilizer treatment, 40 and 30 for the N1 fertilizer treatment, and 29 and 17 for the N0 treatment. Fully fertilized CC and F treatments consistently exceeded the EPA's 10 mg L -1 drinking water standard set for NO 3 - -N. The timing and quantity of yearly rainfall, particularly from October to December, was a dominant contributor to the fluctuations of NO 3 - - N concentrations and mass losses. Soil NO 3 - -N and bromide soil concentration profiles suggested that high leaching losses in leaching Year 2001 were related to the previous drier-than-average winter and the early arrival of rainfall following the vegetable harvest. The long-term water quality benefits observed under the CC treatments suggest that an increase in organically bound N is occurring.
Rotenone-mediated changes in intracellular coenzyme A thioester levels: implications for mitochondrial dysfunction.

Rotenone, an organic pesticide and potent mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, causes Parkinson-like neurodegeneration in rodents and is implicated in human Parkinson’s disease. In this rapid report, rotenone induced a dose-dependent decrease in succinyl-coenzyme A (CoA) and increase in β-hydroxybutyryl-CoA in multiple human cell lines (IC50 < 100 nM). Rotenone also inhibited [U-13C6]-glucose-derived [13C]-acetyl-CoA and [13C]-succinyl-CoA biosynthesis in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. These changes are compatible with a compensatory metabolic rearrangement. Stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry and CoA thioester isotopomer analysis provided insight into mechanisms of rotenone toxicity, which will facilitate the development of new biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction.
Spawning Season and First‐Year Growth of Adult Bluefish from the New York Bight

Abstract Bluefish Pomatomus saltatrix in the western north Atlantic spawn in the South Atlantic Bight in spring and the Mid-Atlantic Bight in summer. We performed back-calculations to length at age 1 from scales of fish captured during June–September 1986 and 1987 from Long Island, New York, to determine if spring- and summer-spawned fish could be identified among summer-spawning adults captured in the New York Bight. Analysis of gonads confirmed that the summer spawning season off New York is a temporally distinct event occurring from late June to late August, with peak activity in July. All fish used for back-calculations were in spawning condition, and most had lengths at age 1 characteristic of a spring birth date (mean length, 26.5 cm). This observation does not support the hypothesis that spring and summer spawners are two different stocks of fish. Contemporary stocks of adult bluefish along the mid-Atlantic coast may consist largely of spring-spawned fish.
VIII. Disunited kingdom

When reading these comments on my paper, one phrase in particular stuck in my mind. I had quoted one northern source accusing the government of treating Newcastle as if it were Siberia; Neville Douglas, writing from Belfast, retorts that Northern Ireland ‘has to protest that it is not on another planet’ (p. 158). Although Douglas uses this powerful spatial metaphor to say that nevertheless the majority of Ulster people remain loyal to the UK, I think it reveals something else-the inherently exclusionary nature of the UK state. Within its relatively small sovereign territory, the UK has nurtured political and cultural divisions that will one day sap its very integrity. Without the usual divisive raw material of language or religion, people living in cities only about an hour away from London by plane are made to feel that they exist in a place of banishment or another world. But they are not extra-terrestrial, they are extra-territorial, outside the scope of the peculiar and discriminatory territoriality of the real English and their British state. It is entirely appropriate, therefore, that this debate has not been organized as an English quarrel but traverses United Kingdom territory (current and former) with two Irish, two Scottish, one Welsh and one alternative English view on my interpretation of where the North of England may be heading politically. I welcome the many comparisons that are brought to the debate. I am amazed by the diversity in the responses both in terms of substantive content and degree of criticism. In fact, the latter seems to be related to distance from the UK core with the Irish contributions being most critical, the Scottish comments breaking both ways (although both claim Scotland as the ‘real north’) and the Welsh and English debating positions being largely supportive albeit via the offering of many additional materials. Given this variety both within and between the comments, I have opted not to write a point-by-point rejoinder to my co-debaters, but to highlight and answer what I see to be the key questions that arise. There are four sections to my argument, two responding to criticism and two that try to develop my ideas more directly.
Attitude Toward Mobile Text Messaging: An Expectancy‐Based Perspective

Mobile text messaging is one of the world’s most popular asynchronous communication tools, but few empirical studies have examined users’ abilities and attitudes toward such technologies. The study employs 2 distinct, yet complementary, expectancy-based constructs (i.e., self-efficacy and locus of control) to predict anxiety and attitude valence toward mobile text messaging. Survey data collected from text messaging users show that the attitude toward text messaging behaviors can be examined through their beliefs in their competence and sense of control. Results indicate that enhancing users’ ability and their sense of personal control can further the use of future mobile text-based applications and services. These findings suggest that future research should consider incorporating these variables into existing information technology adoption frameworks.
Primary Care for Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in a Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program

Excerpt Intravenous drug users account for a growing number and percentage of cases of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in the United States (1). As hospitals become further burdened b...
Training linear SVMs in linear time

Linear Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have become one of the most prominent machine learning techniques for high-dimensional sparse data commonly encountered in applications like text classification, word-sense disambiguation, and drug design. These applications involve a large number of examples n as well as a large number of features N, while each example has only s
Influence of Conductivity on the Capacity Retention of NiO Anodes in Li-ion Batteries

Abstract The roles of conductivity and structure in the reversibility, rate capability, capacity and capacity retention of nickel oxide anodes for lithium-ion batteries were investigated. Conductivity was controlled by the systematic addition of non-intercalating carbon. The NiO nanostructure was controlled through four different preparation procedures. Overall, the top-performing electrodes were made from tetrahedral-shaped particles with a broad particle size distribution that were derived from a simple direct calcination of nickel nitrate salt. Capacity values >700 mA h/g after 100 cycles at 1C were observed, and a rate capability >400 mA h/g at 5C was achieved for electrodes with 40% carbon added. The addition of carbon universally improved anode performance by influencing the charge transferability, as evidenced by SEI peak shifts and reduced resistances seen via EIS. Reversibility was greatly enhanced as the conductivity was improved through carbon addition, which enabled otherwise inactive anode particles to maintain activity after many cycles. This work suggests that improved conductivity, as opposed to the conventional opinion regarding nanostructure, is the key to creating high performance anodes for next generation lithium-ion batteries.
Experiential Learning Activities for Leisure and Enrichment Travel Education: A Situative Perspective

ABSTRACT This paper explores how experiential learning activities can be incorporated in leisure and enrichment travel education. It presents a description of the process used in designing and implementing nonformal experiential learning activities for an educational travel program to Brazil based on the trip leader's reflections. Trip activities are analyzed based on the situative theory of experiential learning. The paper concludes with lessons learned and recommendations for educational travel program design.
On the flux and the energy spectrum of interstellar ions in the solar system

The flux density of ions created by ionization of interstellar neutral particles in the solar system and picked up by the solar wind is calculated as a function of the neutral particles. For atomic hydrogen the flux density is estimated to exceed 10,000/sq cm/sec over the distance range from a few to nearly 100 AU. The velocity space distribution of the interstellar ions is calculated under the assumption of no significant energy diffusion but with inclusion of adiabatic effects as well as a possible strong pitch angle diffusion. The energy spectrum is highly nonthermal and much broader than that of the solar wind ions; interstellar protons are easily distinguishable from solar wind protons by their location in velocity space. If charge exchange is an important contributor to the ionization of hydrogen, the observed local intensity of interstellar protons should exhibit time variations correlated with the density changes of the solar wind stream structure.
Hierarchical production planning at a multiproduct multiprocessor fibreglass manufacturing facility

Abstract Abstract. A hierarchical production planning model is developed for a forming facility of a major fibreglass manufacturer. The model establishes aggregate quarterly quantities for families of products, monthly disaggregate production quantities for end-items within these families, and a weekly sequencing schedule of end-items. A key feature of the planning system is its ability to decompose total set-up cost into primary and secondary components and to account appropriately for each component at a distinct level of the planning hierarchy. The mathematical programming formulations, the accompanying solution algorithms, and the results of their application to nine months of actual company demand and cost data are presented.
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry of non‐volatile organometallic compounds. Rhodium, iridium and platinum complexes containing a cumulene ligand

Fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectrometry has been used to examine a series of rhodium, iridium and platinum organimetallic complexes, in which a cumulene ligand is attached to the metal in either σ-or π-bonding fashion. The most intense ion formed in the rhodium and platinum series is the metal-bis(triphenylphosphine) ion, while the [Ir(P(C6H5)3)2CO]+ ion is most intense for the iridium series. The platinum complexes show the most intense molecular ion peaks (up to 35% relative intensity), while the rhodium complexes show the least intense molecular ion peaks. The primary fragmentations of all these complexes occur at the metal-ligand bonds. The cumulenic ligand is lost as an impact unit in all cases. The FAB mass spectra of Rh(P(C6H5)3)3Cl (Wilkinson's catalyst), Ir(P(C6H5)3)2COCl (Vaska's compound), Rh(P(C6H5)3)2COCl and Pt(P(C6H5)3)2(C2H4)–synthetic precursors or related compounds to the organometallic complexes examined here–are included for comparison.
Depolymerization of oxidized bituminous coals

Abstract Certain high-sulphur-containing, high-volatile bituminous (hvb) coals have been converted into products which are almost completely soluble in chloroform. These products were obtained by a series of reactions involving initial oxidation with 2N nitric acid, depolymerization with boron trifluoride-phenol, and acetylation. Solubility of the depolymerized coal decreased sharply when the nitric acid reaction was eliminated or was replaced with a hydrochloric acid treatment. The extent of oxidation by the nitric acid treatment is discussed. Also included in this investigation are a low-sulphur-containing hvb coal and a low-volatile bituminous coal. After depolymerization, the solubilities of these two coals in chloroform were comparatively low.
Overview of the Demo III UGV program

Planning for future military capabilities assumes the availability of highly mobile, agile, rapidly deployable forces. Incorporation of robotic systems into future force structure to reduce casualties, increase tactical reach, counter battle fatigue, and reduce logistics burdens for rapid reaction forces offers one potential pathway for achieving this goal. The Demo III Unmanned Ground Vehicle Program is designed to advance and demonstrate the technology required to develop future unmanned ground combat vehicles through three major thrusts: (1) concerted technology development; (2) modeling, simulation and experimentation; and (3) technology integration and evaluation with users. Demo III focuses on demonstration of technology that will enable the development of small, highly agile, unmanned vehicles capable of off-road, semi- autonomous operation at speeds of up to 32 km/hr during daylight and 16 km/hr at night by summer 2001.
Stressful Life Events in Anxious and Depressed Children

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the occurrence of stressful life events in anxious and depressed children. Method: Children (6–12 years of age) with an anxiety disorder (n = 20), de...