cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Localization and characterization of rDNA in Drosophila tumiditarsus.

Using in situ nucleic acid hybridizations, the genes that code for 28, 18 and 5S rRNA have been localized in the polytene chromosomes of Drosophila tumiditarsus. The 5S genes are found at a single site near the centromere of the second chromosome, whereas the 28 and 18S genes are found at the nucleolar organizer region of the dot chromosome. The dot chromosome has been previously described as α-heterochromatic. However, our cytochemical and autoradiographic results do not support such a conclusion. The autoradiographic results reveal that the dot chromosome is transcriptionally active and is not late-replicating, as is expected of α-heterochromatin. Further, the dot chromosomes possess none of the usual staining characteristics of heterochromatin except for its lack of polytene bands. Using rRNA-DNA filter hybridizations, we find that the rDNA of D. tumiditarsus salivary glands is under-replicated. This is the first species of Drosophila where the rDNA in not found on the sex chromosomes, and is the first report of an under-replicated autosomal locus which is not located in heterochromatic blocks.
Analogues of gamma-aminobutyrate on rat hippocampal neurones.

CONFORMATIONALLY restricted analogues of various small organic compounds utilizing ring structures have been employed with great success in biochemistry1–5, but only a few reports have dealt with the effects of spatial conformers on brain physiological functions6,7. A four carbon amino acid with an acetylenic bond in the 2,3 carbon position (4-aminotetrolic acid) has been reported to mimic the physiological action of gamma-aminobutyrate (GABA) on spinal cord motorneurones8.
Extracellular calcium (Ca2+(o))-sensing receptor in a murine bone marrow-derived stromal cell line (ST2): potential mediator of the actions of Ca2+(o) on the function of ST2 cells

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that plays key roles in extracellular calcium ion (Ca2+(o)) homeostasis by mediating the actions of Ca2+(o) on parathyroid gland and kidney. Bone marrow stromal cells support the formation of osteoclasts from their progenitors as well as the growth of hematopoietic stem cells by secreting humoral factors and through cell to cell contact. Stromal cells also have the capacity to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts. Bone resorption by osteoclasts probably produces substantial local increases in Ca2+(o) that could provide a signal for stromal cells in the immediate vicinity, leading us to determine whether such stromal cells express the CaR. In this study, we used the murine bone marrow-derived, stromal cell line, ST2. Both immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis, using an antiserum specific for the CaR, detected CaR protein in ST2 cells. We also identified CaR transcripts in ST2 cells by Northern analysis using a CaR-specific probe and by RT-PCR with CaR-specific primers, followed by nucleotide sequencing of the amplified products. Exposure of ST2 cells to high Ca2+(o) (4.8 mM) or to the polycationic CaR agonists, neomycin (300 microM) or gadolinium (100 microM), stimulated both chemotaxis and DNA synthesis in ST2 cells. Therefore, taken together, our data strongly suggest that the bone marrow-derived stromal cell line, ST2, possesses both CaR protein and messenger RNA that are very similar if not identical to those in parathyroid and kidney. Furthermore, as ST2 cells have the potential to differentiate into osteoblasts, the CaR in stromal cells could participate in bone turnover by stimulating the proliferation and migration of such cells to sites of bone resorption as a result of local, osteoclast-mediated release of Ca2+(o) and, thereafter, initiating bone formation after their differentiation into osteoblasts.
Glass Surface area to Solution Volume Ratio and its Implications to Accelerated Leach Testing

The value of glass surface area to solution volume ratio (SA/V) can strongly influence the leaching rate of PNL 76-68 glass. The leaching rate is largely governed by silicon solubility constraints. Silicic acid in solution reduced the elemental release of all glass components. No components are leached to depths greater than that of silicon. The presence of the reaction layer had no measurable effect on the rate of leaching. Accelerated leach testing is possible since PNL 76-68 glass leaching is solubility-controlled (except at very low SA/V values). A series of glasses leached with SA/V x time = constant will yield identical elemental release.
Wireless strain sensor based on amorphous carbon for human-motion detection

A wireless strain sensor system has been designed for human motion detection. The amorphous carbon strain sensor was fabricated on a flexible substrate and integrated in a wireless module. Amorphous carbon was sputter-deposited on a 125-μm thick polyimide film and the strain gauges were tailored using laser micromachining followed by an encapsulation process to package the sensor in elastic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) polymer. The wearable module included an interface circuit that converted sensor analog signals into digital format feeding to a Texas Instruments MSP 430 microprocessor in an eZ430RF2500 module. The signals were sent wirelessly to an eZ430RF2500 reader module connected to a remote computer in which the demodulated sensor data were displayed and recorded continuously. The sensor was calibrated and the entire wireless system was tested by mounting the sensor module across a knee joint during various types of physical exercises. Results demonstrated the feasibility of using our wireless strain sensors to monitor human body motion.
Actions of Groups of Finite Morley Rank on Small Abelian Groups

We classify actions of groups of finite Morley rank on abelian groups of Morley rank 2: there are essentially two, namely the natural actions of SL(V) and GL(V) with V a vector space of dimension 2. We also prove an identification theorem for the natural module of SL2 in the finite Morley rank category.
Wireless network modeling and simulation tools for designers and developers

Modeling and simulation methods are employed by scientists and engineers to gain insight into system behavior that can lead to faster product time-to-market and more robust designs. These advantages come at the cost of model development time and the potential for questionable results because the model represents limited attributes of the actual system. M & S techniques are used to characterize complex interactions and performance at various layers of the protocol stack. This article provides a discussion of M & S for wireless network designers and developers, with particular attention paid to the architectural issues, as well as a discussion of the various communication M & S tools available today. The topics presented span the protocol stack, including radio-frequency-propagation M & S tools, physical-layer and waveform M & S, network-layer M & S, and distributed simulation, as well as waveform generation for test and evaluation.
FLARE-RELATED MAGNETIC ANOMALY WITH A SIGN REVERSAL

In this paper we report a significant magnetic anomaly, specifically an apparent sign reversal of magnetic polarities in small areas of Michelson Doppler Imager (MDI) magnetograms during the impulsive phase of an X5.6 flare on 2001 April 6. Three flare kernels were observed to emit ?50 keV hard X-rays, which are located in strong magnetic fields of order ?1000-1500 G. We find that the apparent sign reversal began and persisted for a few minutes in all three kernels, in precise temporal and spatial correspondence with the hard X-ray sources. We search for a combination of instrumental and flare-induced line profile effects that can account for this behavior. Our studies provide a viable scenario that the observed transient sign reversal is likely to be produced by distorted measurements when the Ni I 6768 ? line comes into emission or strong central reversal as a result of nonthermal beam impact on the atmosphere in regions of strong magnetic fields.
Orphan nuclear receptor Nur77 is involved in caspase-independent macrophage cell death.

Activation-induced cell death in macrophages has been observed, but the mechanism remains largely unknown. Activation-induced cell death in macrophages can be independent from caspases, and the death of activated macrophages can even be triggered by the pan-caspase inhibitor benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethyl ketone (zVAD). Here, we show that this type of macrophage death can occur in the septic mouse model and that toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 or TLR4 signaling is required in this process. We conclude that Nur77 is involved in the macrophage death because Nur77 expression correlates with cell death, and cell death is reduced significantly in Nur77-deficient macrophages. The extracellular signal–regulated kinase pathway, which is downstream of TLR2 or TLR4, and myocyte-specific enhancer binding factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factor activity, which is up-regulated by zVAD, are required for Nur77 induction and macrophage death. Reporter gene analysis suggests that Nap, Ets, Rce, and Sp1 sites in the Nur77 promoter are regulated by TLR4 signaling and that MEF2 sites in the Nur77 promoter are regulated by zVAD treatment. MEF2 transcription factors are constitutively expressed and degraded in macrophages, and zVAD increases MEF2 transcription factor activity by preventing the proteolytic cleavage and degradation of MEF2 proteins. This paper delineates the dual signaling pathways that are required for Nur77 induction in macrophages and demonstrates a role of Nur77 in caspase-independent cell death.
Magnesium-rich crustal compositions on Mercury: Implications for magmatism from petrologic modeling

[1] We have conducted petrologic modeling of MESSENGER-derived compositions and analog compositions to gain a better understanding of the petrogenesis of the crust of Mercury. Analog compositions included a 1425C partial melt of the Indarch (EH4) meteorite and a range of Mg-rich terrestrial rocks (magnesian basalt, basaltic komatiite, and peridotitic komatiite). All models were held at the iron-wustite buffer to simulate the reducing conditions that likely existed during Mercury’s formation. We then compared modeled mineral compositions and abundances, liquidus temperatures, and viscosities to better constrain the characteristics of the lavas that erupted on Mercury’s surface. Our results show that the surface composition of Mercury is most similar to that of a terrestrial magnesian basalt (with lowered FeO), composed mainly of Mg-rich orthopyroxene and plagioclase. Because the model magmas are Mg-rich, their counterparts on Mercury would have erupted at high temperatures and displayed low viscosities. Producing melts of these compositions would have required high temperatures at the mantle source regions on Mercury. The inferred low-viscosity lavas would have erupted as thin, laterally extensive flows (depending upon their effusion rate) and would be expected to display surficial flow features that might be preserved to the present.
Ice deformation near SHEBA

[1] The deformation rate of sea ice is a key parameter for determining the evolution of the ice thickness distribution. It determines the rate of new ice formation through opening and the rate of ridging through closing and shear. An extensive suite of ground-based and satellite-based measurements of ice motion is used to construct a daily time series of the ice velocity and deformation in the vicinity of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) ice camp that is suitable for forcing a model of the ice thickness distribution. The velocity is interpolated to a square grid that remains centered on the camp, has a spacing of 25 km, is 400 km on a side, and is determined for a 371-day period from 2 October 1997 to 7 October 1998. Velocity measurements from buoys, Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSMI), and Radarsat Geophysical Processing System (RGPS) are merged using optimal interpolation and a Kalman filter approach. The deformation rate is taken directly from the RGPS measurements when available. The daily total deformation rate measured on a scale of 100 km near the camp averaged 2.21% d−1, and the standard deviation was 1.78% d−1. The divergence was positive in the early winter and negative through most of the spring and summer. There were two major opening/closing events, one in January and one at the end of July. The net divergence over the year was very near zero. The vorticity indicated a net rotation of 87° over the year, with the winter showing strong anticyclonic turning and the summer showing strong cyclonic turning.
Multi-Channel Measurements and High-Order Statistics

Multi-channel measurements in turbulent flows include those using probe arrays to simultaneously measure velocity or scalar field fluctuations at a number of points in the flow field and those to measure a more complex flow property or combinations of several variables at a single point.
Efficient parametric yield extraction for multiple correlated non-normal performance distributions of Analog/RF circuits

In this paper we propose an efficient numerical algorithm to estimate the parametric yield of analog/RF circuits with consideration of large-scale process variations. Unlike many traditional approaches that assume Normal performance distributions, the proposed approach is especially developed to handle multiple correlated non-Normal performance distributions, thereby providing better accuracy than other traditional techniques. Starting from a set of quadratic performance models, the proposed parametric yield extraction conceptually maps multiple correlated performance constraints to a single auxiliary constraint using a MAX(ldr) operator. As such, the parametric yield is uniquely determined by the probability distribution of the auxiliary constraint and, therefore, can be easily computed. In addition, a novel second-order statistical Taylor expansion is proposed for an analytical MAX(ldr) approximation, facilitating fast yield estimation. Our numerical examples in a commercial BiCMOS process demonstrate that the proposed algorithm provides 2~3times error reduction compared with a Normal- distribution-based method, while achieving orders of magnitude more efficiency than the Monte Carlo analysis with 104 samples.
A transdisciplinary model integrating genetic, physiological, and psychological correlates of voluntary exercise.

Objective: Physical inactivity contributes to as many as 250,000 premature deaths per year (R. R. Pate et al., 1995). The authors’ objective was to test a transdisciplinary model of the ways in which genetic variants, physiological factors, and psychological factors are thought to influence exercise with 64 healthy, regular exercisers. Design: In a within-subjects design, psychological and physiological responses to exercise were compared with responses to a sedentary activity. Main Outcome Measures: The authors measured affective state, perceived exertion, heart rate, and temperature change in response to moderate exercise versus sedentary activity. They also quantified genotypes on a single nucleotide polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene. Results and Conclusions: The data show a relation between increases in positive affective states and acute exercise behavior, as opposed to a sedentary control. The BDNF gene moderated the effect of exercise on mood, heart rate, and perceived exertion. Physiological factors were, in turn, related to mood response, and mood response was a significant correlate of motivation to exercise in the future and of current exercise behavior. The model has potential as a framework for the basic study of the genetic, physiological, and psychological processes involved with voluntary exercise and as a tool for the applied examination of tailored exercise interventions and their efficacy for different subsets of individuals.
Sensations, feelings, and physical events

C ervero and Merskey raise an important distinction betwe~n the ~hysi.cal events impinging on the organism (stimuli) and the resulting perception (e.g., pain). They rightly point out that the accepted definition of pain [3] as a consequence of real or impending tissue damage is not perfect. Damage and pain can be dissociated both ways, with cases of painless damage (cut gut) and pain without damage (capsaicin, contraction of hollow organ). In this commentary, I will use the term damaging to refer to both actual and potentially damaging stimulation.
Citizens without Sovereignty: Transfer and Ethnic Cleansing in Israel

The term “ethnic cleansing” vaulted to international prominence in 1992, shortly after Francis Fukuyama proclaimed the end of history. Popularized during the narrow window of optimism between the fall of the Soviet Union and the rise of Ussama Bin Ladin, the phrase was used to describe events in the recalcitrant states that had not gotten the message that liberal democracy was the way of the future. The product of a particular time and place—Yugoslavia in the contemporary era—ethnic cleansing was generalized into an analytic category, stretched across the globe and the twentieth century, and, on occasion, transformed into a transhistorical characteristic of humanity. In this sense, the category of ethnic cleansing is too large: scholars and journalists have vitiated the term's explanatory power by grouping together sundry events.
Evaluation of Zeta-Potential and Particle Size of Technetium 99mTc-Sulfur Colloid Subsequent to the Addition of Lidocaine and Sodium Bicarbonate

The use of 99mTc-sulfur colloid lymphoscintigraphy for the determination of lymph flow patterns from a tumor site and localization of the sentinel node has been widely adopted. However, the effects of multiple injections of the radiopharmaceutical can range from mild discomfort to pain. pH-adjusted lidocaine HCl coadministered with 99mTc-sulfur colloid presents a risk of introducing instability of the radiopharmaceutical, which could lead to aggregation, possibly impeding the kinetics of lymphatic drainage from the tumor site. Methods: In the present study, lidocaine pH-adjusted with 4.2%, 6.3%, or 8.4% sodium bicarbonate was added to the 99mTc-sulfur colloid radiopharmaceutical to monitor effects on radiochemical purity, zeta-potential, particle size, and pH. These parameters were then used to evaluate the short-term stability of the preparation. Results: The study revealed that the formulation of lidocaine pH-adjusted with 8.4% sodium bicarbonate added to 99mTc-sulfur colloid demonstrated a similar change in zeta-potential (−4.09 ± 2.90 mV) and particle size (10–330 nm) to that of control filtered 99mTc-sulfur colloid (−5.09 ± 1.68 mV and 11–343 nm, respectively). However, the 4.2% preparation showed a zeta-potential of −3.01 ± 2.24 mV and a particle size range of 10–351 nm. The pH of the 8.4% buffered preparation, at 7.1, was closer to physiologic pH than was the control, at 6.0. The 6.3% pH-adjusted lidocaine–99mTc-sulfur colloid preparation failed radiochemical purity; thus, it was not included in the analysis. Conclusion: Compared with other 99mTc-sulfur colloid test formulations of 4.2% and 6.3% pH-adjusted lidocaine, the 8.4% sodium bicarbonate pH-adjusted lidocaine–99mTc-sulfur colloid preparation, taken as a whole, yielded superior quality-control parameters. This formulation would be an acceptable alternative to the control.
Redvine (Brunnichia ovata) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans) controlled under field conditions by a synergistic interaction of the bioherbicide, Myrothecium verrucaria, with glyphosate

In field experiments conducted near Stoneville,MS,USA,in 2000 and 2001,the bioherbicidal fungus, Myrothecium verrucaria (Alb. & Schwein.) Ditmar: Fr., was tested alone and in combination with a glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) product for controlling natural infestations of the invasive vines, redvine (Brunnichia ovata [Walt.] Shinners) and trumpetcreeper (Campsis radicans [L.] Seem. ex Bureau). After 12 days, redvine and trumpetcreeper were controlled by 88% and 90%,respectively,through a synergistic interaction between the fungus and the herbicide,glyphosate.The disease symptomatology was characterized by rapid necrosis of the leaf and stem tissues, with mortality occurring within 72 h. Neither glyphosate alone, nor M. verrucaria alone, controlled these weeds at commercially acceptable levels (80%). No visual disease or herbicide damage occurred to the soybean in the treated test plots 12 days after planting.These results suggest that some formulations of glyphosate,mixed with M. verrucaria, can effectively control redvine and trumpetcreeper.
Factor VII transcription correlates with hepatocyte proliferation and hepatocyte growth factor expression in a rodent extrahepatic portal vein obstruction model.

Background Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) is clinically associated with decreased liver-dependent coagulation factors and smaller than normal liver volumes. We developed a rodent EHPVO model to describe changes in coagulation factor regulation and liver homeostasis. Study Design Fifteen rats underwent controlled narrowing of the portal vein (PV) at the hilum, and 15 underwent sham operations. Three animals from each group were sacrificed at postoperative days (PODs) 1, 2, 4, 7, and 21. Their livers were studied for apoptosis, proliferation, and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) expression using terminal transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assays, Ki-67, and hepatocyte growth factor antibody. Liver total RNA was harvested for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), using primers for factors V, VII, VIII, X, protein C, and antithrombin. Appropriate statistical analysis was applied. Results Ligation of the portal vein in the experimental group resulted in a 59±17% (mean ± standard deviation) decrease in distal portal vein diameter. Proportional body weight was equivalent in both groups, but spleen weight was higher in the experimental group at PODs 4, 7, 21, and liver weight was higher at POD 7 (p Conclusions Our model demonstrated an early increase in hepatocyte apoptosis, impairment of factor VII transcription, and decrease in proliferative indices. These data support the hypothesis that EHPVO disrupts hepatic homeostasis and leads to dysregulation of coagulation factor synthesis.
Emerging adenosine receptor agonists

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a four-member subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors and are major targets of caffeine and theophylline. There are four subtypes of ARs, designated as A1, A2A, A2B and A3. Selective agonists are now available for all four subtypes. Over a dozen of these selective agonists are now in clinical trials for various conditions, although none has received regulatory approval except for the endogenous AR agonist adenosine itself. A1AR agonists are in clinical trials for cardiac arrhythmias and neuropathic pain. A2AAR agonists are now in trials for myocardial perfusion imaging and as anti-inflammatory agents. A2BAR agonists are under preclinical scrutiny for potential treatment of cardiac ischemia. A3AR agonists are in clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and colorectal cancer. The present review will mainly cover the agonists that are presently in clinical trials for various conditions and only a brief introduction will be given to major chemical classes of AR ...
Development of a 3-Dimensional Back Contour Imaging System for Monitoring Scoliosis Progression in Children.

Abstract Study Design Control study. Objectives To present a new surface topography system capable of taking 3-dimensional (3D) spine measurements, to establish baseline values for the measured parameters in a typically developing population, and to determine the intra-rater and inter-rater reproducibility of these parameters. Summary of Background Data Cumulative exposure to radiation from diagnostic radiographs increases patient risk for cancer development. There is a need for noninvasive and non-radiographic tools to accurately and reproducibly measure spine deformity and track scoliosis progression. Methods We measured 10 typically developing subjects with the new Milwaukee Topography System, which is composed of 2 electromagnetic markers, an electronic processing unit, a handheld laser scanner, a software package, and a desktop computer. Two investigators separately scanned the same subjects multiple times, yielding a total of 4 scans per subject per investigator. We measured 17 3D back parameters in each scan. We performed a multivariate analysis of variances to test the hypothesis of no difference for all variables, measured intra-rater and inter-investigator reliability with intra-class correlation (ICC) coefficients, and calculated mean values. Results There were highly reproducible ICC values between investigators for 6 parameters (ICC > 0.75), moderate ICC values for 8 parameters (0.75 > ICC > 0.4), and poor ICC values for 3 parameters (ICC Conclusions The Milwaukee Topography System can be used to monitor and measure 3D back contours in children. The 3D back parameters values measured in the typically developing population can be considered baseline values that can be compared with parameters measured in children with idiopathic scoliosis.
Radiographic characteristics of the self-magnetic pinch diode at RITS-6 and URSA-Minor

Summary form only given. The self-magnetic pinch (SMP) diode1 is an intense flash x-ray radiographic source being developed at Sandia National Laboratories. The diode is capable of less than 3 mm spots and greater than 300 rads measured at 1 meter depending on the diode voltage. The diode is most commonly fielded on the Radiographic Integrated Test Stand (RITS-6), a 7.5 M V, 185 kA inductive voltage adder (IVA) accelerator and has also been tested on the URSA-Minor accelerator, an I VA based on the linear transformer driver (LTD) pulsed power generator at 0.9 and 2 M V. Various test objects including step wedges and resolution targets are used to study the spatial resolution and spectral characteristics of the radiographic system which of necessity include the x-ray source, shielding, and the detector system. These properties can be used to make general predictions of radiographic performance.
Regional correlation of emphysematous changes in lung function and structure: a comparison between pulmonary function testing and hyperpolarized MRI metrics

Regional and global relationships of lung function and structure were studied using hyperpolarized 3He MRI in a rat elastase-induced model of emphysema (n = 4) and healthy controls (n = 5). Fractio...
Symptom Prevalence and Treatments Among Mexican Americans With Type 2 Diabetes

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of diabetes-related symptoms among Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes, their perceptions of symptom seriousness, treatments used to self-manage the symptoms, and ratings of treatment effectiveness.MethodsAs part of a larger descriptive correlational study conducted with 87 Mexican American adults in a southwest metropolitan area, data were collected during one-on-one interviews during outpatient visits using the Diabetes Symptom Self-care Inventory and analyzed with descriptive methods, t tests, and χ2s.ResultsParticipants experienced 4.9 diabetes-related symptoms in a 30-day period and used a variety of treatments to self-manage the symptoms. Many of the self-management strategies were not appropriate for the most common causes of the symptoms. Few people tested their blood glucose levels in response to symptoms even though most owned glucometers.ConclusionsMost people who experience diabetes symptoms used self-care to treat the symptoms,...
Human high-altitude adaptation: forward genetics meets the HIF pathway

Humans have adapted to the chronic hypoxia of high altitude in several locations, and recent genome-wide studies have indicated a genetic basis. In some populations, genetic signatures have been identified in the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway, which orchestrates the transcriptional response to hypoxia. In Tibetans, they have been found in the HIF2A (EPAS1) gene, which encodes for HIF-2α, and the prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2, also known as EGLN1) gene, which encodes for one of its key regulators, PHD2. High-altitude adaptation may be due to multiple genes that act in concert with one another. Unraveling their mechanism of action can offer new therapeutic approaches toward treating common human diseases characterized by chronic hypoxia.
Effect of imipramine on human chromosomes studied by the method of poly-l-lysine binding

Metaphase chromosomes of group A isolated from the imipramine-treated lymphocyte cultures did bind more tritiated poly-ʟ-lysine (³H-PL) than the control chromosomes. The increase in binding was dependent on the length of treatment and on contraction of chromosomes. The effect of contraction was more pronounced for the treated chromosomes than for controls and was larger when the treatment was done 4 hours before termination of culture. The observed differences in the ³H-PL binding probably reflect differences in the chromosomal surface morphology
Effect of Chemical Protectors on the Response of the Intestine to Roentgen or Fission Neutron Irradiation

The monosodium salt S-1-(2-hydroxy-3-amino) propylphosphorothioic acid (WR-77913) and S-2-amino ethylisothiuronium-Br-HBr (AET) were tested for protective effects against 4 MeV roentgen irradiation and fission neutrons in the mouse intestine. The parameters tested were intestinal crypt survival, lethality and intestinal crypt cellularity. The results showed both compounds to be good protectors in animals. The crypt survival curve for roentgen-irradiated mice treated with AET was parallel to that of the untreated group and was displaced to the right by 4.88 Gy (488 rad). Protection from neutron irradiation was less effective with a displacement of only 0.69 Gy (69 rad). Pretreatment with WR-77913 increased the slope of the crypt survival curve in roentgen-irradiated mice. This was also seen to a much less extent in neutron-irradiated animals. The displacements of the curves (at 50 per cent crypt survival) were found to be 5.15 and 1.02 Gy (515 and 102 rad) for roentgen and neutron irradiation, respectively. The lethality experiments showed a dose modification factor (DMF) of 1.42 for both drug-tested groups of roentgen-irradiated mice. The dose modification factors for fission neutron irradiated mice were 1.48 and 1.2 for WR-77913 and AET-treated mice, respectively. The effect of these protectors of crypt cellularity is also discussed.
Call Me? Maybe, Stick Me? Maybe Not!

Discharge telephone calls have been suggested as a method to increase patient satisfaction, therapy compliance, and follow-up while decreasing readmission rates and cost. Is there evidence to support this practice? ### The study. This retrospective observational analysis asked the question, “How does a postdischarge telephone call affect 30-day readmission in a general adult medicine population?” Patients were called within 72 hours after discharge by a nurse with the purpose of solving issues related to discharge (eg, medications, follow-up care). ### The key findings. Patients who were called and reached had a 5.8% readmission rate. Patients who were called but not reached or who did not complete the telephone call had a readmission rate of 8.6%. Other patients for whom there was no attempt to complete a call were readmitted at a rate of 8.3%. It would seem that a simple telephone call decreased readmission rates by ∼29% (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.55–0.91]). However, when the data were adjusted to account for demographic characteristics that might have introduced bias in selection of patients included, no association between receiving a call and readmission rate was observed for the population as a …
Forced Vital Capacity, Bulbar Onset, and Neuropsychological Impairment in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) (P04.231)

Objective: To characterize cognitive involvement with neuropsychological tests measuring visuoconstruction (figure copy) and executive control/ mental search (letter F-word output) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to determine how limb versus bulbar onset and selected cognitive measures might be related to FVC. Background Previously a relationship between forced vital capacity (FVC) and cognitive involvement in ALS has been reported but the type of cognitive involvement has not been characterized nor the relationship of FVC and site of onset to that cognitive change. Design/Methods: 28 ALS patients were studied (age=61.76+12.26; MMSE=27.18+2.89; ALSFRS=29.42+9.48). Seated FVC was obtained and bulbar versus limb onset was determined by expert clinicians (LR, AD, THP). Neuropsychological functioning was assessed with subtests from the Philadelphia Brief Assessment of Cognition (PBAC), a neuropsychological protocol designed for to assess for dementia in Alzheimer9s disease and frontotemporal dementia phenotypes. Results: Simple correlations associated better FVC with limb rather than bulbar onset (r= 0.373, p 2 = 0.139, p 2 = 0.299, p 2 = 0.515, p Conclusions: These data suggest better erect FVC is associated with and limb rather than bulbar onset and better a figure copy test (visuoconstruction) greater output on letter fluency tests (executive control/ sustained mental search). Longitudinal assessment is necessary to determine the utility and clinical significance of these relatationships. Disclosure: Dr. Nieves has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eppig has nothing to disclose. Dr. Libon has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harris has nothing to disclose. Dr. Feldman has nothing to disclose. Dr. Paolone has nothing to disclose. Dr. Rojas has nothing to disclose. Dr. Deboo has nothing to disclose. Dr. Heiman-Patterson has nothing to disclose.
High-temperature superconductivity: A conventional conundrum

High-temperature superconductivity in ultrathin films of iron selenide deposited on strontium titanate has been attributed to various exotic mechanisms. New experiments indicate that it may be conventional, with broader implications.
Clinical Observation on Self-Made Xiaobai Decoction Combined With Compound Glycyrrhizin and Compound Kali Ziran Tincture for 90 Children Vitiligo

Objective To research the efficacy and safety of self-made Xiaobai Decoction( decoction for inhibiting vitiligo) combined with Compound Glycyrrhizin and Compound Kali Ziran Tincture for children with vitiligo.Methods Totally 144 children vitiligo were randomized into the treatment group of 90 children and control group of54 children. The treatment group was given self-made Xiaobai Decoction one dose daily,1 tablet( 25 mg) Compound Glycyrrhizin three times daily and topical application of Compound Kali Ziran Tincture twice daily. The control group was given the same treatment but the decoction. One treatment course lasted for 3 months. The efficacy and TCM syndrome efficacy were observed and compared after treatment. Results There were 22 cases( 24. 44%) cured,49cases( 54. 44%) markedly effective,15 cases( 16. 67%) improved and 4 cases( 4. 45%) invalid in the treatment group,with a markedly effective rate of 78. 88% and total effective rate of 95. 55%. There were 5 cases( 9. 26%)cured,17 cases( 31. 48%) markedly effective,22 cases( 40. 74%) improved and 10 cases( 18. 52%) invalid in the control group,with a markedly effective rate of 40. 74% and total effective rate of 81. 48%. There were significant differences between groups in the markedly effective rate and total effective rate( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). There was no significant difference between different TCM syndromes in the markedly effective rate and total effective rate in the treatment group( P 0. 05). There was no adverse reaction in both groups during the treatment. Conclusion The combo therapy of self-made Xiaobai Decoction,Compound Glycyrrhizin and Compound Kali Ziran Tincture is effective and safe for children with vitiligo.
Inhibition of functional chemokine receptor CXCR4 reduces the production of IL-8 and VEGF by malignant human glioma cells.

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006 A109 Chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In our previous studies, Nordy, a synthesized chiral compound of nordihydroguaiaretic acid, has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis of various cancers. However, the effect of Nordy on CXCR4 expression in cancers is unclear. The objective of this study was to determine the potential effect of Nordy on CXCR4 expression and function in human glioblastoma cell line U87. We examined the inhibitory effect of Nordy on CXCR4 by examining CXCR4 expression on U87 cells treated with Nordy. We also detected the effect of Nordy on CXCR4 function by analysis for the changes of CXCR4-induced IL-8 and VEGF production after Nordy treatment. We observed that Nordy could not only significantly decrease functional CXCR4 expression but also inhibit CXCR4-mediated IL-8 and VEGF production at both protein and mRNA levels. Our data suggest that Nordy can inhibit tumor angiogenesis practically by decreasing CXCR4 expression and blocking CXCR4 function.
What's practical when in natural language applications

It is one thing to write research papers or build laboratory software addressing some tough natural-language phenomenon. It is quite another to build natural language capabilities into a product that has to support real people doing real work. This presentation is about the latter. A hard look is taken both at the kinds of applications today's NL technology is really able to support and at some of the not-so-technical problems that can arise when NL technology is employed. The capabilities of current NL products are evaluated, and insights gained from basic research are reviewed as a guide to forecasting future engineering developments and to identifying major technical obstacles blocking the advancement of applications.
Effects of high- and low-fiber diets on human feces.

Increased- and low-fiber diets composed of common hospital foods were tested for their ability to alter stool weight, frequency of defecation, transit time, and absorption efficiency. The diets were calculated to be isocaloric and similar in protein, fat, and carbohydrate. They were dissimilar in ash and fiber. No stimulants, secretagogues, food concentrates, or extracts were used on either diet. Six normal, healthy, male subjects consumed each constant diet for five to eight days. Diets and stool composites were analyzed for protein, fat, fiber, moisture, and ash. Carbohydrate and calories were calculated. Stool weight during ingestion of the low-fiber diet averaged 51 gm. per day; subjects had an average of one bowel movement every 33 hr.; and the mean transit rate was 48 hr. When subjects consumed the increased-fiber diet, values were 157 gm., 19h., and 12 hr., respectively. Measurements of fecal protein, fat, carbohydrate, and calories from the low-fiber diet were less than half those observed when the increased-fiber diet was consumed. By altering specific components of a normal diet, e.g., fiber, significant differences can be made in bowel habit and absorption efficiency.
Pleiotropic function of TRPV4 ion channels in the central nervous system

TRPV4 ion channels are osmo-mechano-TRP channels with pleiotropic function and expression in many different types of tissues and cells. They have also been found involved in pain and inflammation. Studies have focused on the role of TRPV4 in peripheral sensory neurons, but its expression and function in central nervous glial cells and neurons has also been documented. In this overview, based on the senior author's lecture at the recent physiology meeting in Dublin, we concisely review evidence of TRPV4 expression and function in the CNS, and how TRPV4 function can be modulated for therapeutic benefit of neuro-psychiatric disorders. Novel TRPV4-inhibitory compounds developed recently in the authors’ lab will also be discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved
Multiport network modeling of electro magnetically coupled microstrip patches

Electromagnetically coupled (EM fed) microstrip patches have their feed structure fabricated on a thin substrate located between the patch antenna and its ground plane as shown in Figure 1. This dual layer design has two main advantages over conventional single layer microstrip antennas. First, spurious radiation from the feed network can be reduced by decreasing the height and increasing the dielectric constant of the lower substrate. Secondly, patch bandwidth can be increased by using a thicker upper dielectric material and also by adjusting the feed configuration under the patch. Previous methods of designing EM fed patches have included experimental iteration, transmission line model [1], and full wave analysis [2] [3]. Unfortunately, experimental iteration is time consuming and costly; the transmission line model only works for feeds under the radiating edge of the patch; and full wave analysis is computationally intensive.
Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase: More Than a Vitamin B3 Clearance Enzyme

Nicotinamide (NAM) N-methyltransferase (NNMT) was originally identified as the enzyme responsible for the methylation of NAM, one of the forms of vitamin B3. Methylated NAM is eventually excreted from the body. Recent evidence has expanded the role of NNMT beyond clearance of excess vitamin B3. NNMT has been implicated in the regulation of multiple metabolic pathways in tissues such as adipose and liver as well as cancer cells through the consumption of methyl donors and generation of active metabolites. This review examines recent findings regarding the function of NNMT in physiology and disease and highlights potential new avenues for therapeutic intervention. Finally, key gaps in our knowledge about this enzymatic system and future areas of investigation are discussed.
Consequences of Mandatory Quarterly Reporting: The U.K. Experience

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is considering the pros and cons of moving to semi-annual reporting from quarterly reporting at least for certain segments of the market. However, documenting causal evidence on the consequences of mandatory quarterly reporting has been difficult, due to either the absence of a clear exogenous shock or older data. We exploit the start of mandatory quarterly reporting by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in 2007 and the end of the requirement in 2014 in the United Kingdom to examine corporate and capital market behavior. After imposition of mandatory quarterly reporting in 2007, we find (i) a dramatic decline in the number of companies that issue reports with quantitative information (defined as including both sales and earnings numbers for the quarter); (ii) a substantial increase in companies announcing managerial guidance for the upcoming year's earnings or sales; and (iii) an increase in analyst following for all sample companies. However, using a difference-in-differences analysis, we find that the imposition of mandatory quarterly reporting has virtually no impact on firms’ investment decisions. Companies that voluntarily moved back from quarterly to semi-annual reporting after 2014 have experienced a reduction in analyst coverage, but no detectable increases in their levels of corporate investments.
A case for further refinement of the Green Climate Fund’s 50:50 ratio climate change mitigation and adaptation allocation framework: toward a more targeted approach

Created in 2010 and made operational in 2015, the Green Climate Fund (GCF) is expected to become the main mechanism for transferring public and some private funds to non-Annex I countries to address climate change. It aims to achieve a 50:50 balance between adaptation and mitigation financing over time. While there is a diplomatic history leading to this arrangement, we argue the GCF’s allocation strategy requires further refinement if it is to adequately address climate change. We advocate prioritizing climate mitigation over adaptation in funding while not ignoring climate justice concerns all together. We recommend a more targeted approach to its funding allocations based upon the GHGs abatement potential for mitigation or climate vulnerability for adaptation of very specific non-Annex I countries. We believe these refinements will help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of scarce climate change financing resources required to achieve the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) central objective of no more than 1.5 °C by 2100, which requires emissions reductions between 70 and 95% (2010 levels) by 2050.
Transformational Learning: Teaching Strategies that Promote Advocacy in Social Justice and Not-For-Profit Leadership

Social work education's field work, or signature pedagogy, provides an opportunity for students to take abstract knowledge and learned practice skills and integrate them in a real world setting. This field education has been criticized for neglecting several key components of the learning process. These components include social work management competencies, field experience in gaining such competencies, and developing leadership in not-for-profit agencies. In response, one program developed an in-house practicum in which the student intern serves as executive director in a social welfare club designed to mimic the organizational structure of a not-for-profit agency. This study examines, through a phenomenological focus, the transformational experiences of students serving their field placements in such a position, and examines the social welfare club's potential as a tool in social work education.
Application of dispersive solid phase extraction for trace analysis of toxic chemicals in foods.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a method for the identification of toxic organic chemicals, including groups of controlled substances, alkaloids and pesticides that are highly toxic and considered threats to public health. This project aims to ensure our laboratory's readiness to respond to emergencies involving our food supply in cooperation with the Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) program. The food matrices were homogenized in a blender or food processor prior to extraction with an acetonitrile-water mixture using a QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) procedure. The extracts were then analyzed by either gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS). Method validation was performed on a variety of food matrices including lettuce, grapes, milk, chicken, pork and beef. MDLs for the toxic compounds ranged from 0.01 to 0.66 mg/kg (ppm). The findings in this study will provide a valuable resource for the determination of toxic chemicals in food matrices for emergency response situations.
Visualization of Surface-Breaking Flaws by Shadow Imaging

It is becoming fairly routine to detect flaws in structures by ultrasonic methods. However, the characterization of flaws, once they are found, is much more difficult. We will present a method called “shadow imaging” for the visualization of surface-breaking crack-like flaws using ultrasonic imaging. Shadow images provide an easily interpretable record of the crack depth profile, and also an indication of the degree of crack closure.
Exercise (Muscle Fiber Types and Characteristics)

Overview • Type I skeletal muscle fibers are aerobic, and generally exhibit long contractile periods.