cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are You Doing What I’m Doing? Goal Projection in Conversation

The primary focus of the current research is goal projection or the ascription of a perceiver’s own goal onto an interaction partner (i.e., target). Extending the finding that perceivers project their goal onto a target (Kawada, Oettingen, Gollwitzer, & Bargh, 2004), two studies applied a cognitive conceptualization of goal pursuit and detection to explain boundary conditions for goal projection in conversation. Experiment 1 demonstrated that the strength of the cognitive association between perceivers’ goal and the social context moderated projection: Projection was greater for strongly than moderately or weakly linked goals. Experiment 2 established that the target’s goal pursuit efficiency and the congruency between the perceiver’s and the target’s goals influenced projection: Compared with targets’ efficient pursuit of nonidentical goals, projection was greater (a) when the target and perceiver had the same goal regardless of efficiency or (b) when they had different goals but the target was inefficient.
Using pyrene-labeled HIV-1 TAR to measure RNA–small molecule binding

To quantitatively understand the binding affinity and target selectivity of small-molecule RNA interactions, it is useful to have a rapid, highly reproducible binding assay that can be readily generalized to different RNA targets. To that end, an assay has been developed and validated for measuring the binding of low-molecular weight ligands to RNA by monitoring the fluorescence of a covalently incorporated fluorophore. As a test system, the fluorescence of a pyrene-derivatized HIV-1 TAR (transactivating response element) RNA was measured upon titration with aminoglycoside antibiotics. The binding isotherms thus obtained fit well with a model for a 1:1 interaction and yield an accurate measure of the equilibrium dissociation constant. Among a series of natural aminoglycosides, the binding affinity correlates with the number of amines, supporting an electrostatic compensation model for binding. Furthermore, the ionic strength dependence confirms that much of the binding energy is electrostatic. Finally, by measuring the binding affinity in the presence of nucleic acid competitors, we confirm that although aminoglycosides show high RNA to DNA selectivity, their selectivity among different RNA targets is sub- optimal. We conclude that this newly developed assay can be generalized to measure the binding affinities and selectivities of a variety of small molecules to a specific RNA target.
Effect of link-level feedback and retransmissions on the performance of cooperative networking

Cooperative Networking is a new technology which exploits the massive deployment of nodes in wireless sensor networks. Cooperative Networking synergistically integrates Networking with cluster-based Cooperative Communications to improve reliability and enhance network performance. In this paper, we consider the effect of link-level feedback and retransmissions on the performance of wireless sensor networks using Cooperative Networking, and we present scenarios where link-level retransmission offers a significant improvement in network throughput. Generally, Cooperative Networking with link-level retransmission provides higher throughput when the network node density is low (i.e., sparse networks) or in environments with adverse conditions such as high probability of transmission loss and low connectivity among the nodes.
One-Month Forecast Experiments—without Anomaly Boundary Forcings

Abstract A series of one-month forecasts were carried out for eight January cases, using a particular prediction model and prescribing climatological sea-surface temperature as the boundary condition. Each forecast is a stochastic prediction that consists of three individual integrations. These forecasts start with observed initial conditions derived from datasets of three meteorological centers. The forecast skill was assessed with respect to time means of variables based on the ensemble average of three forecasts. The time or space filter is essential to suppress unpredictable components of atmospheric variabilities and thereby to make an attempt at extending the limit of predictability. The circulation patterns of the three individual integrations tend to be similar to each other on the one-month time scale, implying that forecasts for the 10 day (or 20 day) means are not fully stochastic. The overall results indicate that the 10-day mean height prognoses resemble observations very well in the first te...
Morbidity Associated with Ureteral Stents Placed Prior to Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

A retrospective review was undertaken, assessing the outcome of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL*) for patients with renal calculi, smaller than 3 cm, treated in a large, multi-user lithotripsy center.
THE EFFECTS OF METOCLOPRAMIDE AND SULPIRIDE ON DOPAMINE METABOLISM IN THE RAT BRAIN

ABSTRACT Antipsychotic drugs elevate levels of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) in rat striatum in a characteristic fashion. The dose-response curves for metoclopramide (MET) and sulpiride (SUL) were similar to those of known antipsychotic drugs. Based on these results we predict that both MET and SUL will display antipsychotic efficacy when adequately tested.
Efficient scaling of a hydrodynamics simulation using compiler-based accelerator technology

In the realm of numerical modeling, there is often a requirement to run simulations with higher spatial and temporal resolutions. Increasing resolution can improve the accuracy of simulations with a corresponding increase in the run time. These run times can become impractical for conventional sequentially coded simulations.Parallelizing simulation code offers great possibilities for improved run-time performance, but it can be very difficult to achieve the necessary speedups when software development and debugging time are considered. This is especially the case when extensive modifications to legacy source code are needed to incorporate parallel processing capabilities.To address this problem, we used a directive-driven compiler to parallelize a hydrodynamics simulation targeting GPU hardware. This compiler-level parallel development environment enabled us to parallelize an existing legacy program with minimal alterations to the original source code.Using compiler directives and testing methodologies, we were able to achieve more than a 15x speedup and reduce the run time of high resolution simulations from months to days while verifying that results were equivalent to the sequential legacy version of the simulation.
Trial Bench Views: Findings from a National Survey on Civil Procedure

This publication sets forth the results of a survey of judges conducted in the spring of 2010 by the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System at the University of Denver and Northwestern University School of Law's Searle Center on Law, Regulation and Economic Growth. The survey explored the opinions of a broad national sample of state and federal judges concerning the American civil justice process. This report provides a snapshot of collective judicial sentiment, focusing on some of the procedural reforms advanced in the "Final Report on the Joint Project of the American College of Trial Lawyers Task Force on Discovery and the Institute for the Advancement of the American Legal System" (268 F.R.D. 407). The goal of this effort was to get a sense of whether there is support for these reforms within the trial-level judiciary, viewing the landscape from the highest possible vantage point. Survey respondents include 1,432 state trial judges and 293 federal trial judges (both Article III and magistrate judges).
Conceptual Problems in Theorizing About International Conflict

Axiomatic and deductive theorizing about international political conflict has precipitated lively debate. Much of the disputation of recent years has derived from an expected utility theory of conflict advocated by Bruce Bueno de Mesquita. In the June 1990 issue of this Review, Roslyn Simowitz and Barry L. Price dissected crucial parts of Bueno de Mesquita's formulation of the theory, arguing that it suffers from errors of logic and clarity. In this controversy, James D. Morrow challenges the claims of Simowitz and Price that the reviewed theory is logically and conceptually flawed. In turn, Price and Simowitz join issue.
Digital Holography for Tissue Dynamic Imaging of Cellular Motions in Live Tissue

Digital holography volumetrically captures subcellular motions inside live tissue that are sensitive indicators of cellular health and cellular response to applied drugs. Tissue Dynamics Imaging is a new approach to live-tissue functional imaging.
The complexities of Xpert® MTB/RIF interpretation

The Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay has demonstrated robust capability for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) and rifampin (RMP) resistance. Optimal use of Xpert in diverse settings will require knowledge of challenges when interpreting the results. We present three selected cases from the United States, a low-burden TB setting, to highlight important clinical scenarios encountered with Xpert testing: rapid RMP resistance detection in a patient with pre-extensively drug-resistant TB who immigrated from the Philippines, false-positive RMP resistance detection, and Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection in a culture-negative patient. These cases demonstrate that a low pre-test probability of TB or drug-resistant TB can complicate the interpretation of the Xpert assay.
Chemical master equation closure for computer-aided synthetic biology.

With inexpensive DNA synthesis technologies, we can now construct biological systems by quickly piecing together DNA sequences. Synthetic biology is the promising discipline that focuses on the construction of these new biological systems. Synthetic biology is an engineering discipline, and as such, it can benefit from mathematical modeling. This chapter focuses on mathematical models of biological systems. These models take the form of chemical reaction networks. The importance of stochasticity is discussed and methods to simulate stochastic reaction networks are reviewed. A closure scheme solution is also presented for the master equation of chemical reaction networks. The master equation is a complete model of randomly evolving molecular populations. Because of its ambitious character, the master equation remained unsolved for all but the simplest of molecular interaction networks for over seventy years. With the first complete solution of chemical master equations, a wide range of experimental observations of biomolecular interactions may be mathematically conceptualized. We anticipate that models based on the closure scheme described herein may assist in rationally designing synthetic biological systems.
Freestanding pragmatism in law and bioethics.

This paper represents the first installment of alarger project devoted to the relevance of pragmatism forbioethics. One self-consciously pragmatist move would be toreturn to the classical pragmatist canon of Peirce, James andDewey in search of substantive doctrines or methodologicalapproaches that might be applied to current bioethicalcontroversies. Another pragmatist (or neopragmatist) move wouldbe to subject the regnant principlist paradigm to Richard Rorty'ssubversive assaults on foundationalism in epistemology andethics. A third pragmatist method, dubbed ``freestandingpragmatism'' by its proponents, embraces a ``pragmatist'' approachto practical reasoning without discernable moorings either to theclassical canon or to Rorty's neopragmatism. This thirdpragmatist approach to method in practical ethics is the subjectof this article. I begin with an examination of freestandingpragmatism in the theory of judicial decision making. I arguethat this version of legal pragmatism – so described on account ofits commitments to contextualism, instrumentalism, eclecticism,and freedom from grand theory – bears a striking resemblance tomuch self-described pragmatist work in bioethics today. Ifurther argue that if this is what we mean by ``pragmatism,'' thenin a certain sense ``we are all pragmatists now.''
Solar irradiance forecasting by machine learning for solar car races

Solar car race competitions offer realistic conditions to test and demonstrate the state-of-the-art technologies in multidisciplinary fields. In such races the solar panels mounted on the car produce the energy required to power the vehicle. A simulator runs during the race determines the optimal race speed based on the predicted availability of solar energy and other parameters as well as road conditions. The accuracy of the forecasts, especially the solar irradiance forecasts, has a significant impact on the race strategy. Here we report on the experience of providing irradiance forecasts for two races run by the University of Michigan Solar Car Team at the Bridgestone World Solar Challenge 2015 in Australia and at the American Solar Challenge 2016 from Ohio to South Dakota. The probabilistic forecasts of hourly solar irradiance generated from machine learning algorithms were deployed to optimally decide on the race strategy. This work showcases an example of real time decision making based on insights derived from machine learning utilizing big geospatial data — weather models and measurement data from weather station networks.
Introduction: Climate Overview

Energy exchange between Sun, Earth, and space controls the global climate. Earth is in dynamic equilibrium such that it receives the radiation from the Sun and emits the same amount of heat as infrared (IR) energy to space. Earth’s energy imbalance is the difference between the incoming solar radiation absorbed by the Earth and the amount of heat the Earth radiates to the space. If positive imbalance occurs, such that the incoming radiation from the Sun is more than outgoing heat from the Earth, Earth becomes warmer. In contrast, if the imbalance is negative, such that more energy is going out than it receives, then Earth will cool. Earth’s energy imbalance is the single most important measure of the status of the Earth’s climate system which defines the expectations of future global climate change resulting from the anthropogenic perturbation or the greenhouse effect. The energy budget of the Earth’s climate system is discussed in this chapter. The processes that Earth retains more electromagnetic radiation energy than it receives are also explained. In addition, the role of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in regulating the energy balance is discussed with the emphasis on carbon dioxide (CO2). The concentrations of GHGs have increased significantly since the Industrial Revolution ~ circa 1750. Most notable is the increase in concentration of CO2 which have played a significant role in the current and future global temperature increases.
Nitrogen Response of French Fry and Chip Cultivars Selected for Low Tuber Reducing Sugars

New cultivars ‘Alpine Russet’, ‘Dakota Trailblazer’ and ‘Ivory Crisp’ have lower tuber reducing sugars and acrylamide-forming potential. Adoption of new cultivars by growers requires information about their responses to agronomic factors such as nitrogen (N) fertilizer. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of N rate on yield and quality of new cultivars relative to conventional cultivars ‘Russet Burbank’ and ‘Snowden’. The experiment was conducted over two years as a randomized complete block design replicated four times with five N rates and five cultivars. The new cultivars had comparable or higher marketable yields, and a higher percentage of large tubers (greater than170 g) than the standard cultivars. Total and marketable yields responded quadratically to N and optimized at 231 kg ha−1 in 2011 and 319 kg ha−1 in 2012 for all cultivars. ‘Dakota Trailblazer’ had high hollow heart incidence (greater than 10% at N rates above 125 kg ha−1), and excessively high specific gravity, making it undesirable for processing but with potential to be a parent in a breeding program. ‘Alpine Russet’ and ‘Ivory Crisp’ had specific gravity suitable for commercial processing, and low hollow heart incidence at all N rates. Critical petiole nitrate-N concentrations 50 and 70 days after planting for all cultivars were greater in 2012 than in 2011, suggesting that interpretation of critical values can be affected by growing conditions.
Designing Checksums for Detecting Errors in Fast Unitary Transforms

Parity computations, checksums, over the input and output data of fast unitary transforms are compared, down to roundoff noise levels, to detect the effects from a single error on any one line between stages of the fast algorithm. Error spaces and their dual spaces guide the design process.
15 – Hospitals and Workplaces in Health Emergencies

When we think of public health emergency law, we tend to concentrate on the legal authority given to government agencies to take steps to curb disease transmission. Indeed, that has been our focus in the two prior chapters. In this chapter, we examine some of the ways in which a public health emergency could impact large private institutions, and ways in which actions within the private sector could make the difference between success and failure for health interventions. You will learn about the particular challenges that hospitals will face in responding to mass emergency conditions, how the law has created a duty for employers to provide a safe workplace, and how multiple aspects of employment benefits law could become an essential factor if a long-term quarantine is in effect.
Invasive Plant Species: Results of a Consumer Awareness, Knowledge, and Expectations Survey Conducted in Pennsylvania

Abstract Consumers were surveyed at the 2004 Philadelphia Flower Show in Philadelphia, PA, from March 8–10, to quantify their attitudes and behaviors towards invasive plant species and potential problems associated with purchasing and planting them. A majority of the 341 participants (81.5%) was aware that non-native plants were used in the landscape and that these plants may be invasive in natural areas. Less than half (40.1%) acknowledged owning plants considered invasive while one third (33.5%) did not know if these plants were growing in their landscapes. Less than half (41.3%) believed that laws should be passed to prevent the sale of non-native plants while 27.8% believed that laws should be passed to allow sale of only native plants in their area. Three distinct consumer segments were identified using Cluster Analysis: ‘Invasive savvy,’ participants knowledgeable about invasives and interested in alternative species; ‘Invasive neutral,’ participants neutral in their decision to purchase alternative...
Intervening Earlier: An Upstream Approach to Improving Relationship Quality:

Relationship quality has far-reaching consequences for health and well-being. To date, large-scale efforts to improve relationship quality have targeted established relationships. However, a novel ...
Effects of PCL, PEG and PLGA polymers on curcumin release from calcium phosphate matrix for in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration.

Calcium phosphate materials are widely used as bone-like scaffolds or coating for metallic hip and knee implants due to their excellent biocompatibility, compositional similarity to natural bone and controllable bioresorbability. Local delivery of drugs or osteogenic factors from scaffolds and implants are required over a desired period of time for an effectual treatment of various musculoskeletal disorders. Curcumin, an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory molecule, enhances osteoblastc activity in addition to its anti-osteoclastic activity. However, due to its poor solubility and high intestinal liver metabolism, it showed limited oral efficacy in various preclinical and clinical studies. To enhance its bioavailability and to provide higher release, we have used poly (e-caprolactone) (PCL), poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and poly lactide co glycolide (PLGA) as the polymeric system to enable continuous release of curcumin from the hydroxyapatite matrix for 22 days. Additionally, curcumin was incorporated in plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coated Ti6Al4V substrate to study in vitro cell material interaction using human fetal osteoblast (hFOB) cells for load bearing implants. MTT cell viability assay and morphological characterization by FESEM showed highest cell viability with samples coated with curcumin-PCL-PEG. Finally, 3D printed interconnected macro porous β-TCP scaffolds were prepared and curcumin-PCL-PEG was loaded to assess the effects of curcumin on in vivo bone regeneration. The presence of curcumin in TCP results in enhanced bone formation after 6 weeks. Complete mineralized bone formation increased from 29.6 % to 44.9% in curcumin-coated scaffolds compared to pure TCP. Results show that local release of curcumin can be designed for both load bearing or non-load bearing implants with the aid of polymers, which can be considered an excellent candidate for wound healing and tissue regeneration applications in bone tissue engineering.
Distribution of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Subunit Immunoreactivities on the Surface of Chick Ciliary Ganglion Neurons

Immunocytochemical analysis of the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunits in the chick ciliary ganglion showed that virtually all cells in the ganglion express detectable levels of AChR-like immunoreactivity (LI) corresponding to the α3 and/or α5 subunit, the α7 subunit, the β2 subunit, and the β4 subunit. Surface staining of subunit-specific monoclonal antibodies showed that a receptor containing α3- and/or α5-LI is located preferentially at synaptic sites, while a receptor containing α7-LI was located extrasynaptically. The existence of two distinct patterns of cell surface staining with antiAChR mAbs implies the existence of multiple classes of functional AChRs on ciliary ganglion neurons (1).
Critical Decolonizing Theories in Family Therapy

In this paper I lay some of the groundwork for critical decolonizing approaches to family therapy. I consider how therapy can be both liberatory and oppressive; explore the basics of critical social and decolonizing theory; and integrate critical and postmodern perspectives of power. I include human rights as a special topic to challenge reliance on relativism when faced with inequity in the practice of family therapy.
Primary undifferentiated pleomorphic cardiac sarcoma with MDM2 amplification presenting as acute left-sided heart failure

Primary cardiac tumours are a rare clinical entity that can present with myriad of non-specific cardiopulmonary symptoms. We describe a case of a 61-year-old previously healthy woman who presented with progressive dyspnoea and lower extremity swelling, suggestive of acute left-sided heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiogram revealed a large, 3.7×3.2 cm intracardiac mass resulting in severe mitral valvular dysfunction. The patient underwent surgical resection of the mass, however, negative margins were not obtained, and the tumour quickly returned. Histological and molecular analysis was consistent with the diagnosis of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma with murine double minute 2 (MDM2) amplification. Given the overall grim prognosis, the patient chose to pursue comfort-based care. She died at home 9 months after the initial diagnosis. Here, we provide an updated review of the literature for the classification of undifferentiated pleomorphic cardiac sarcoma and potential treatment modalities.
Keeping the Internet Open with an Open-Source Virtual Assistant

Virtual assistants, such as Alexa, Google Home, and Siri, are revolutionizing our digital life. In the future, they will provide us with a uniform, fully personalized, natural-language interface to all our diverse data sources, web services and IoT devices. The virtual assistant will become a powerful platform as it sees all our personal data and has great influence over the services and vendors we use. We propose a collaborative research effort to develop open-source virtual assistant technology, in concert with a commercially viable distributed infrastructure that safeguards users' data privacy, supports interoperability, and promotes open competition. To jumpstart this effort, we have developed Almond, a working open-source prototype of distributed virtual assistants. Almond lets users use natural language to share their data, IoT, and services with fine-grain control, while preserving their privacy by keeping data on their own devices. Almond also lets users issue advanced commands that monitor real-time events and connect multiple services together. This research lays the groundwork for the creation of three key open, non-proprietary, collaborative virtual assistant resources: (1) Thingpedia, a repository of virtual assistant skills, (2) LUInet (Linguistic User Interface Network), a neural network that translates natural language into ThingTalk, a virtual assistant programming language, and (3) a Distributed ThingTalk Protocol, DTP, that supports sharing with privacy via cooperating virtual assistants.
How low did we go? A case report of unexpected thrombocytopenia

Abstract We report the case of a normotensive 31-year-old parturient who received combined spinal-epidural analgesia for early labor, and who was then found to have an unexpectedly low platelet count (25 000/μL) with elevated liver enzymes, but without alterations in blood pressure.
Flight Environments Demonstrator: Part I—Experiment Design and Test Planning

Flight testing provides an opportunity to characterize a system under realistic, combined environments. Unfortunately, the prospect of characterizing flight environments is often accompanied by restrictive instrumentation budgets, thereby limiting the information collected during flight testing. Instrumentation selection is often a result of bargaining to characterize environments at key locations/sub-systems, but may be inadequate to characterize the overall environments or performance of a system. This work seeks to provide an improved method for flight environment characterization through a hybrid experimental-analytical method, modal response extraction, and model expansion. Topics of discussion will include hardware design, assessment of hardware under flight environments, instrumentation planning, and data acquisition challenges. Ground testing and model updating to provide accurate models for expansion will also be presented.
The impact of skeletal muscle abnormalities on tolerance to adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation and outcome in patients with endometrial cancer.

INTRODUCTION Skeletal muscle abnormalities, such as low skeletal muscle mass, measured by skeletal muscle index (SMI), and low skeletal muscle quality, measured by skeletal muscle density (SMD), are associated with poor prognosis in cancer. There has been little investigation of their impact on tolerance to radiation therapy and overall outcome in gynaecologic cancers. We examined the effect of low SMI and SMD on treatment tolerance and survival outcomes in patients with endometrial cancer receiving pelvic radiation. METHODS Stage IB-IVA patients with endometrial cancer treated at one institution between 2007 and 2017 were reviewed. All patients received hysterectomy and pelvic radiation. SMI was based on the cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle at the L3 vertebral body. SMD was expressed as the mean radiation attenuation in Hounsfield units (HUs) at the same vertebral level. RESULTS Sixty-four patients met criteria for analysis. Forty-four per cent had low SMI ( 25 and mean < 41 HU if BMI < 25), and 33% had both. Patients with both features were less likely to complete planned chemotherapy (p = 0.01); this was consistent on multivariate analysis. Radiation treatments were well-tolerated regardless of SMI or SMD. On survival analysis, having both low SMI and low SMD was associated with poorer outcomes compared with having either individual factor (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Large percentages of patients with endometrial cancer have low skeletal muscle mass and density. Low skeletal muscle measures predict for poor tolerance to chemotherapy in this patient population. Compliance with adjuvant radiation is high, regardless of SMI and SMD.
Theoretical Modeling and Design Guidelines for a New Class of Wearable Bio-Matched Antennas

We present theoretical modeling and design guidelines for bio-matched antennas (BMAs), an emerging class of wearable, into-body antennas that surpass the state of the art in terms of bandwidth and gain. In brief, BMAs are ultra-wideband, pyramid-shaped antennas that utilize the periodic combination of water and plastic to enhance performance. The new modeling enables customized performance for applications as diverse as radiometry, telemetry with implants, and more. Our studies utilize the comparison of the BMA to a conical antenna to model the low-frequency cutoff. In addition, we conduct a plane wave expansion method analysis of the engineered periodic dielectrics to 1) model the high-frequency cutoff of the BMA and 2) predict the permittivity of the bio-matched dielectric. Parametric studies are further pursued to assess transmission loss as a function of the BMA’s height. We verify our design framework through a novel BMA that operates from 1 to 12 GHz with 21.4 dB of transmission loss through 3 cm of tissue at 2.4 GHz. Compared to the most wideband and most efficient into-body radiator previously reported, this has 6.2 dB less transmission loss, with the new design also exhibiting nearly twice as much bandwidth.
Submillimeter Magnetic Microrobot Tracking Using an Integrated Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging System

This paper presents the proof-of-concept study on a non-invasive tracking of submillimeter sized micro-robotic objects by using combined ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging. Tracking one single microscale untethered magnetic microrobot through the integrated ultrasound and photoacoustic (USPA) imaging will allow for accurate real-time controlling the manipulation of the microrobot in optically non-transparent biological tissues. In this work, the magnetic microrobot prototypes are made from photoresist mixed with nickel particles. Single microrobot agent is set in a fluid environment bounded by an opaque phantom. The experimental results prove that the current microrobot prototypes smaller than 100 µm can be detected by USPA imaging through 15 mm thick opaque phantom, both statically and in a motion of speed approximately 1.5 mm/s. The further investigation of this concept will advance the integration of both non-invasive magnetic manipulation and USPA tracking of the microrobot, targeting the real biomedical applications in the tiny enclosed workspaces.
What lessons it might teach us? Community engagement in HIV research.

Purpose of review Partnerships between academia and the community led to historic advances in HIV and paved the way for ongoing community engagement in research. Three decades later, we review the state of community engagement in HIV research, discuss best practices as supported by literature, explore innovations, and identify ongoing gaps in knowledge. Recent findings The community of people living with and at risk for HIV remains actively involved in the performance of HIV research. However, the extent of participation is highly variable despite long standing and established principles and guidelines of good participatory practices (GPP) and community-based participatory research (CBPR). Current literature reveals that known barriers to successful community engagement continue to exist such as power differences, and poor scientific or cultural competency literacy. Several high-quality studies share their experiences overcoming these barriers and demonstrate the potential of CBPR through reporting of qualitative and quantitative outcomes. Summary Greater time and attention should be placed on the development of community engagement in HIV research. A large body of literature, including innovative cross-cutting approaches, exists to guide and inform best practices and mitigate common barriers. However, we recognize that true growth and expansion of CBPR within HIV and in other fields will require a greater breadth of research reporting qualitative and quantitative outcomes.
Congenital ductus arteriosus aneurysm in association with MYH11 mutation: a case report

Congenital ductus arteriosus aneurysms develop in the third trimester of fetal life, possibly due to abnormal intimal cushion formation or elastin expression in the ductal wall. It is often diagnosed in infants before 2 months of age. Most have a benign course and resolve spontaneously. However, life-threatening complications have been reported. We report a case of large ductal aneurysm diagnosed incidentally in a neonate, in whom there was a novel mutation in the smooth muscle myosin protein gene-MYH11.
A Real-Analytic Proof of the Simon-Wolff Theorem

We derive the Simon–Wolff localization criterion from the spectral averaging using an intuitive measure-theoretic lemma.
Is "Busy" Always Better? Time-Use Activities and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Adults.

Background and objectives Depression among older Mexican adults is underrecognized and of increasing concern due to its association with comorbidities including cognitive and functional impairments. Prior studies have found an association between low involvement levels in social activities and depression. We aimed to examine the association of time-use activities and depressive symptomatology by sex. Research design and methods We used data from the 2012 and 2015 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. Participants aged 60 and older who had low or no depressive symptoms in 2012 were included in these analyses (N = 4,309). Factor analysis was used to group activities and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of baseline time use with depressive symptomatology in 2015. Results Among those with low or no depressive symptomatology in 2012, 21.0% reported elevated symptoms (5+) in 2015. Those with elevated depressive symptoms were more likely to be women, older, lower educated, and with at least one activity of daily living limitation. Four time-use domains emerged from the factor analysis including hobbies and indoor activities, volunteering, caregiving, and working. The hobbies and indoor activities domain was associated with lower odds of elevated symptoms for men and women (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.61-0.96; and OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.61-0.91, respectively). Additionally, the volunteer and community activities domain was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms for women (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.58-0.89) and men (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.99). Discussion and implications Understanding how older Mexicans distribute their time among different activities and its associations with depressive symptoms can help guide policy and sex-specific interventions for psychological well-being. Certain domains had lower odds for elevated depressive symptomatology; future work should examine this association in other countries as well as the context of the built environment.
Football after fragmentation: brain banking, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and racial biosociality in the NFL

This essay analyzes relationships between brain banking practices, football-related head trauma research, and the production of “racial biosocialities”—forms of group affiliation that are constitut...
Empirical evaluation of the presence of a label containing standard drinks on pour accuracy among US college students

Purpose Alcohol concentration has traditionally been labeled in the form of alcohol by volume (ABV). This format can cause difficulty in evaluating accuracy of a pour because it doesn’t directly connect with recommendations related to “standard drinks,” the approach used by the US CDC and others organizations which intend to facilitate responsible drinking behaviors. Strategies which more directly connect guidelines related to healthy drinking behaviors to alcohol labeling are needed. Objective Assess how a label identifying the number of standard drinks per container impacts the ability of undergraduate students to accurately pour a standard drink. Design This study employed a 3 x 2 x 2 experimental design. Undergraduates were asked to pour a standard drink from mock products from three alcohol categories (beer, wine and liquor); products were presented in two types of label (traditional ABV vs. standard drinks/container) at two concentrations of alcohol content (high and low). Results We calculated standardized pour errors (pour errors in standard drink units). Analysis of these standardized pour errors suggested that 1) people tended to underpour beverages of low concentration across product categories and overpour those high in concentration. 2) When the standard drink label was present, pour accuracy was improved, when compared with pours from containers affixed with ABV labels in low alcohol concentrations across all product categories (beer, wine and liquor). 3) For treatments that comprised high concentrations of alcohol, the standard drink label significantly increased accuracy only for beer. However, it is worth noting that beer with an ABV label was the condition with the most dramatic overpours, and these problematic overpours were dramatically reduced by the addition of a standard drink label. Conclusions Our work empirically supports the notion that Undergraduate students are better able to accurately assess and pour a standard drink of alcohol from bottles incorporating a label which includes standard drinks/container vs. those with traditional ABV labeling. That said, the effect is quite different for each alcohol category: beer, wine, and liquor and depends on whether the product is high or low in concentration of alcohol for its category; as such, policy makers should consider alcohol categories and concentrations from a public health perspective when recommending changes to labeling.
Controversies in bariatric surgery — An overview

Background: Bariatric surgery, like many other fields of surgery, is developmental. As each field matures, certain practitioners have developed different combinations and permutations of existing procedures. With time, these may be adopted, excluded or, in turn, become subject to additional development. Methods: A selection of 15 of the many controversies which currently exist in bariatric surgery are stated, followed by a brief description of the different positions taken on each issue. Results and Conclusions: We conclude that an important part of the future of the practice of bariatric surgery lies within the types of resolutions, if any which may be found for these controversies.
Speciation measurements in shock tubes for validation of complex chemical kinetics mechanisms: Application to 2-Methyl-2-Butene oxidation

Abstract Shock-tube species time histories can be used to generate multiple validation targets to develop and validate detailed chemical kinetics mechanisms. In this study, new shock-tube species time-history data are provided to further validate the detailed mechanisms for 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B). Experiments were conducted in mixtures of 2M2B/O2 diluted in 99.5% inert gas at three equivalence ratios of ϕ = 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 over a temperature range of 1396 to 1752 K near atmospheric pressure. Time histories of CO and H2O were measured using laser absorption diagnostics near 4.6 and 1.4 µm, respectively. Chemiluminescence from OH* was also collected near 307 nm to allow ignition delay time determination. Detailed procedures and considerations for the data processing of the laser absorption experiments are provided. The results from the OH* profiles showed two distinct peaks: one near time-zero and the other later in the experiment corresponding to the main ignition. The predictions from three 2M2B kinetics mechanisms were compared with the experimental results. A quantitative comparison is also presented using the multiple characteristic times extracted from the species time history profiles to quantify the performance of the mechanisms. A reaction pathway analysis was performed on the decomposition of 2M2B, revealing clear discrepancies in the major reaction pathways of these mechanisms. A sensitivity analysis was also performed, leading to similar conclusions regarding the differences among the mechanisms. The sensitivity analysis also showed that the OH* peak near time-zero is mainly due to the rapid 2M2B fuel decomposition reactions, indicating that these reactions can be independently validated using the OH* peak near time-zero as a target. This paper provides not only the first detailed species time-history measurements for 2M2B in a shock tube, but it also documents the proper collection and interpretation of such data, which is useful for future studies.
Multi-robot goal conflict resolution under communication constraints using spatial approximation and strategic caching

Abstract We consider the problem of distributed goal conflict resolution in multi-robot systems while remaining resilient to intermittent communication losses between robots. Our proposed approach uses a spatial approximation technique called α -shape to represent the regions that have been explored by robots followed by a O ( log n ) algorithm that incrementally combines and shares the α -shape information between robots along the robots’ communication tree and rapidly checks for conflicts of a robot’s selected location. We provide theoretical guarantees of the time complexity of our proposed algorithm along with experimental results with simulated and physical robots in different environments. The results show that our approach can rapidly determine conflicts between goal locations selected by multiple robots as well as reduce message loss and re-transmissions between robots. These result in more efficient inter-robot communications as well as less extraneous distance traveled by robots, as compared to a flooding-based communications approach.
Evaluation of the Effect of a Consumer Driven Health Plan on Medical Care Expenditures and Utilization

Objective: To compare medical care costs and utilization in a consumer directed health plan (CDHP) to other health insurance plans. Study Design: We examine claims and employee demographic data from one large employer that adopted a CDHP in 2001. A quasi-experimental pre/post design is used to assign employees to three cohorts: 1) enrolled in an HMO from 2000 to 2002, 2) enrolled in a PPO from 2000 to 2002, or 3) enrolled in a CDHP in 2001 and 2002, after previously enrolling in either an HMO or PPO in 2000. Using this approach we estimate a difference-in-difference regression model for expenditure and utilization measures to identify the impact of CDHP. Principal Findings: By 2002, the CDHP cohort experienced lower total expenditures than the PPO cohort but higher expenditures than the HMO cohort. Physician visits and pharmaceutical use and costs were lower in the CDHP cohort compared to the other groups. Hospital costs and admission rates, for CDHP enrollees, as well as total physician expenditures, were significantly higher than for enrollees in the HMO and PPO plans. Conclusions: An early evaluation of CDHP expenditure and utilization reveals that the new health plan is a viable alternative to existing health plan designs. Enrollees in the CDHP have lower total expenditures than PPO enrollees, but higher utilization of resource-intensive hospital admissions after an initially favorable selection.
Non-legal-tender paper money: the structure and performance of Maryland's bills of credit, 1767-75: NON-LEGAL-TENDER PAPER MONEY IN MARYLAND

Maryland's non-legal-tender paper money emissions between 1765 and 1775 are reconstructed to determine the quantities outstanding and their redemption dates, providing a substantial correction to the literature. Over 80 percent of this paper money's current market value was expected real asset present value and under 20 percent was liquidity premium. It was primarily a real barter asset and not a fiat currency. The liquidity premium was positively related to the amount of paper money per capita in circulation. This paper money traded below face value only due to time-discounting and not depreciation. Past scholars have simply confused time-discounting with depreciation.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing countries may download this paper without additional charge at www.nber.org.
A randomized, phase ii study comparing single-agent olaparib, single agent cediranib, and the combination of cediranib/olaparib in women with recurrent, persistent or metastatic endometrial cancer

Objectives: The Cancer Genome Atlas and others identified genomic events suggesting that endometrial cancer (EC) should be susceptible to DNA repair inhibition. Data from pre-clinical models suggest poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors alone or in combination with other targeted agents may be an effective therapeutic strategy in EC. Combinations of angiogenic inhibitors and PARP inhibitors have demonstrated synergistic effects and have been well tolerated in other tumor types. This study compared two experimental arms exploring DNA repair inhibition versus cediranib alone which has previously shown promising activity in GOG 229J. Methods: A 1:1:1 randomized phase II study comparing cediranib (C) versus olaparib (O) or the combination of olaparib and cediranib (OC) for women with recurrent EC. Eligible patients had received at least 1 prior platinum containing chemotherapy but ≤2 prior lines of chemotherapy for recurrent EC. Cediranib was administered 30 mg PO daily, olaparib 300 mg PO BID and in the combination cediranib 20 mg PO daily / olaparib 300 mg PO BID. One cycle in all arms was 28 days. Primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS) by RECIST1.1. Patients were stratified by histology (serous vs. endometrioid). Results: 120 patients were enrolled. 109 patients were treated: 34 patients C: 39 O and 36 OC. 10 patients withdrew consent prior to treatment. Median age was 66 years (range 41-86); 47 (39.2%) serous, 62 endometrioid (51.7%) and 8 (6.7%) mixed histology. The Kaplan Meir estimated median PFS was 3.8 months for C; 2.0 months O and 5.5 months for OC. The one-sided p value stratified log rank test comparing O vs. C was 0.935: HR 1.45 (95% CI 0.91-2.3) and C vs. OC 0.064; HR 0.7 (95% CI: 0.43-1.14). No new safety signals were reported. Conclusions: The combination of cediranib and olaparib demonstrated modest efficacy in patients with recurrent, metastatic or persistent EC, but was not significantly different compared to cediranib alone. The combination was safe with no unexpected toxicity. Single agent olaparib demonstrated insufficient efficacy to warrant further investigation as monotherapy in this patient population.
Market Power in the U.S. Airline Industry

I document the evolution of market power in the U.S. airline industry for the period 1990:Q1-2019:Q4. I recover estimates of markups, defined as the ratio of price to marginal cost, at the airline-time level. Dominant carriers in the industry have substantially increased their markups in the last decade. The findings indicate an increase in market power: The increase in markups is not explained by proportionally higher fixed costs or a larger scale elasticity. In contrast, the net profit rate has dramatically increased for these carriers. I rely on these markup estimates and structural modeling to test if this recent increase in markups can be explained by a change in airlines’ conduct (coordinating behavior). The model rejects the null hypothesis of no increase in coordinating behavior for dominant carriers. Counterfactual simulations imply that the consumer surplus is, on average, 17% lower than it would have been under no change in conduct, and that prices are 10% higher.