cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Is it safe on deck? Fatal and non-fatal workplace injuries among Alaskan commercial fishermen.

Background Commercial fishing in Alaska accounts for an occupational fatality rate that is 28 times the rate for all U.S. workers. Most deaths are attributed to vessel sinking or capsizing. However, many deaths and most non-fatal injuries are not related to vessel loss. This paper describes injuries that occur on the dock or on the fishing vessel. Methods Data from fishing fatalities and non-fatal injuries between 1991–1998 were analyzed using the Alaska Occupational Injury Surveillance System and the Alaska Trauma Registry. Results There were 60 workplace deaths unrelated to vessel loss; most from falls overboard, others from trauma caused by equipment on deck. There were 574 hospitalized injuries, often from falls on deck, entanglement in machinery, or being struck by an object. Summary Fishing boats are hazardous working environments. Further efforts are required to prevent falls overboard and on deck, and to redesign or install safety features on fishing machinery and equipment. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:693–702, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Compressed domain statistical snake segmentation for real-time tracking of objects in airborne videos

We present a new compressed domain method for tracking objects in airborne videos. In the proposed scheme, a statistical snake is used for object segmentation in I-frames, and motion vectors extracted from P-frames are used for tracking the object detected in I-frames. It is shown that the energy function of the statistical snake can be obtained directly from the compressed DCT coefficients without the need of full decompression. The number of snake deformation iterations can be also significantly reduced in compressed domain implementation. The computational cost is significantly reduced by using compressed domain processing while the performance is competitive to that of pixel domain processing. The proposed method is tested using several UAV video sequences, and experiments show that the tracking results are satisfactory.
Hypertensive encephalopathy with prominent bulbar presentation.

210 of CCA and/or ECA dissection. Thus, we estimate the prevalence of this type of dissection to be less than 1% of all cervical artery dissections. The reasons for the low frequency might be a different ultrastructure of the vessel wall in the CCA and ECA, but underdiagnosis due to a lack of attention regarding dissection of the ECA is also possible because dissection occurs without severe consequences/sequelae for the patients.
Effects of increasing temperature on social behaviour in territorial groups of pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus

Abstract To study the effect of thermal stress on their social behaviour, ten territorial groups of pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus , were subjected to a 1°C temperature increase every other day until they succumbed. Social behaviour remained remarkably unchanged by thermal stress until nearly lethal levels. As temperature rose, ritualised behaviours increased in frequency, then fell off, probably reflecting changes in general activity. Behavioural and physiological signs of stress appeared from 31 to 38°C. Events during these social breakdowns are described and compared with the response of two other freshwater fishes with different social organisations subjected to the same thermal regime.
Trafficking Materials and Gendered Experimental Practices: Radium Research in Early 20th Century Vienna

Maria Rentetzi, Trafficking Materials and Gendered Experimental Practices: Radium Research in Early 20th Century Vienna. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008. xxiii + 291 pp. $60.00/ £41.50. I...
Short range ordering in amorphous Al90FexCe10−x

Abstract The atomic structure of liquid-quenched amorphous Al 90 Fe x Ce 10− x ( x = 5, 7) was studied by diffraction method using X-rays from a synchrotron source. The diffraction data were Fourier-transformed to obtain the atomic pair-density function, and were compared with those obtained by the pulsed neutron scattering to determine the AlFe and AlCe coordination and the extent of compositional short range ordering. The accuracy of the pair-density function, limited by both statistical and systematic errors, is discussed. It was found that both Fe and Ce atoms show strong compositional short range ordering, amounting to 70–80% of the maximum ordering possible. While Ce atoms form a dilute dense random packing substructure, the substructure of Fe atoms and the surrounding Al was found to be substantially different from the random packing.
Heat equation and its comparative solutions

In this paper we will conduct an analytic comparative study between the powerful Adomian method and the traditional separation of variables method. This is achieved by handling homogeneous and non-homogeneous boundary value problem for one-dimensional heat equation. The study shows the reliability and efficiency of Adomian method. Adomian method provides the solution in a rapidly convergent series through evaluating elegantly computable components.
A prospective evaluation of the Geriatric Depression Scale in an outpatient geriatric assessment center.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) in cognitively intact and impaired patients undergoing outpatient geriatric assessment. Subjects: One hundred ninety-four geriatric patients evaluated in a 1-year period. Setting: The outpatient Geriatric Assessment Center of the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Measurements: The 30-item GDS was completed by all patients. The patients were then evaluated by one of three geriatric psychiatrists who were blind to the GDS results. The prospective clinical diagnosis of major depression was compared to the GDS results. Patients were categorized as cognitively impaired or intact on the basis of the Mini-Mental State Examination. Data were analyzed using ROC curves. An optimal cutoff was identified which was the total score on the GDS with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity. Results: ROC curve analyses showed good agreement between the clinical diagnosis and the GDS in both cognitively intact and impaired subjects. Cognitively intact, euthymic patients reported a mean of 8.4 symptoms, while cognitively impaired, euthymic patients, reported a mean of 8.7. Cognitively intact, depressed patients reported a mean of 14.7 symptoms, while cognitively impaired, depressed patients reported a mean of 15.0. Conclusions: This study provides further evidence that the GDS is as accurate a screening test for depression in cognitively impaired as in intact patients. J Am Geriatr Soc 40:1227–1230, 1992
Petrography of a “cryptic” mixed magma system – the Mount Waldo granite, coastal Maine

The Mount Waldo granite (MWG), dated at 371 ± 2 Ma, is typical of the younger Devonian intrusions of the coastal Maine magmatic province. It is a coarse-grained, seriate to porphyritic, biotite ± hornblende, titanite-bearing granite with abundant intermediate to felsic magmatic enclaves and less abundant maﬁc schlieren. The MWG contains feldspars of various textures and composition, including abundant plagioclase-mantled K-feldspar (rapakivi texture), boxy and spongy cellular plagioclase, and plagioclase that show An spikes and/or central cores of higher Ca content. In addition, the magmatic enclaves also preserve textural evidence for mixing and hybridization. Speciﬁcally, abundant maﬁc clots, acicular apatite, inherited megacrysts of all the feldspar varieties common in the host granite, and titanite-plagioclase intergrowths are all observed. Although very little maﬁc material is observed in the MWG at its present level of erosion, abundant textural evidence suggests that mixing occurred at depth in this intrusion. The thermal, chemical, and physical gradients initiated by the injection of maﬁc material produced not only the array of mixing textures observed in the MWG but also the large-scale convection needed to distribute these features throughout the pluton including its highest levels. RESUME Le granite du mont Waldo (GMW), situe a 371±2 Ma, est caracteristique des intrusions recentes du Devonien de la province magmatique cotiere du Maine. Il s'agit d'un granite titanitifere a gros grain, serie a porphyrique de biotite ± hornblende comportant une abondance d'enclaves magmatiques intermediaires a felsiques et une abondance moindre de schlierens maﬁques. Le GMW renferme des feldspaths de textures et de compositions diverses, notamment une abondance de feldspath potassique recouvert de plagioclase (texture de rapakiwi), de plagioclase alveolaire massif et spongieux, et de plagioclase presentant des pics d'An ou des noyaux centraux a teneur superieure en Ca. De plus, les enclaves magmatiques preservent egalement une preuve texturale de melange et d'hybridation. On peut, plus precisement observer la totalite de ces traits : une abondance de grumeaux maﬁques, de l'apatite aciculaire, des megacristaux provenant de tous les types de feldspaths courants dans le granite hote et des enchevetrements de titanite-plagioclase. Meme si l'on observe tres peu de matieres maﬁques dans le GMW a son niveau actuel d'erosion, d'abondants indices texturaux permettent de supposer que le mixage est survenu en profondeur dans cette intrusion. Les gradients thermiques, chimiques et physiques obtenus par l'injection de matieres maﬁques a non seulement produit l'eventail de textures de melange observe dans le GMW, mais egalement la convection a grande echelle necessaire a la distribution de ces caracteristiques dans l'ensemble du pluton ainsi qu'a ses niveaux les plus eleves. [Traduit par la redaction]
Mitochondrial myopathy with anemia, cardiomyopathy, and lactic acidosis : a distinct late onset mitochondrial disorder

A 40-year-old woman presented with pro found muscle weakness resulting in failure to wean from a ventilator and persistent lactic acidosis after having recovered from a pneumonia complicated by adult respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction, renal failure and shock. She had a 28 year history of chronic anemia and exercise intolerance. Anemia and thrombocytopenia persisted after admission. Nonobstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was present. A stroke-like episode occurred. A mitochondrial myopathy with deficiencies in complexes IV and II was demonstrated, but no DNA defect has yet been found. This patient represents a distinct clinical presentation of a mitochondrial disorder characterized by late onset mitochondrial myopathy, chronic anemia, cardiomyopathy, and lactic acidosis. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Effect of alumina supports on the properties of supported nickel catalysts

Abstract The objective of this study is to compare the properties and performance of a series of alumina supported nickel catalysts where the only variable is the origin of the alumina. Three commercial aluminas were subjected to a battery of characterization techniques including dissolution studies, X-ray diffraction, nickel adsorption, and measurements of the pH of their point of zero charge. Nickel catalysts formed on these supports were characterized by temperature-programmed reduction, temperature-programmed reaction of carbon monoxide, and temperature-programmed surface reaction. The performance of the catalysts was assessed by CO/H2 methanation studies. The results from the characterization and performance studies demonstrated that two types of nickel can exist on these alumina supports: a surface nickel and an incorporated nickel. The extent of partitioning between these two states is controlled by the dissolution properties of each alumina when in contact with nickel electrolytes at low pH.
Global optimization to prescribed accuracy

Abstract Programmable methods are outlined for rigorous global optimization to prescribed accuracy with references to enough detail to enable the implementation of the techniques on any computer. Some directions for future research are indicated.
Language features for flexible handling of exceptions in information systems

An exception-handling facility suitable for languages used to implement database-intensive information systems is presented. Such a mechanism facilitates the development and maintenance of more flexible software systems by supporting the abstraction of details concerning special or abnormal occurrences. The type constraints imposed by the schema as well as various semantic integrity assertions are considered to be normalcy conditions, and the key contribution of this work is to allow exceptions to these constraints to persist. To achieve this, solutions are proposed to a range of problems, including sharing and computing with exceptional information, exception handling by users, the logic of constraints with exceptions, and implementation issues. The use of exception handling in dealing with null values, estimates, and measurement is also illustrated.
Public Health Nursing Directors' Perceptions Regarding Interagency Collaboration with Community Mental Health Agencies

Involvement in collaborative interagency relationships is crucial to the future of public health nursing and public health agencies. The purpose of this study was to describe public health nursing directors' perceptions regarding relationships between public health agencies and mental health agencies in their communities. A secondary analysis was conducted of textual responses to open-ended questions and unsolicited comments from 71 (55%) the of respondents to a larger survey of nursing directors of all public health agencies in Ohio. Data were analyzed inductively using content analysis for emergent themes and patterns, which were organized and classified deductively according to a community interagency collaboration framework. Public health nursing directors described environmental, situational, task, and interagency factors that impact collaboration between their agencies and local community mental health agencies. These descriptions provide a context for understanding impediments to collaboration between these two types of agencies, and have implications for designing interventions to enhance public health nursing directors' skills at marketing both their profession and their agencies. Collaborative relationships between public health and mental health agencies could improve care for community-dwelling persons with severe mental disabilities and enhance the future of public health nursing in a changing, competitive health care system.
Level of ATP synthase activity required for yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to grow on glycerol media

Two independent cold-sensitive pet mutants in the gene (ATP5) coding for the oligomycin sensitivity conferring protein (OSCP) have been isolated in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The mutations in both strains alter the initiating methionine codon in the ATP5 gene: ATG to ATA (Ile) and AAG (Lys). Western blot analysis of total yeast protein after the cells were grown at 18°C, 30°C, and 37°C, indicates that the level of OSCP decreased 80% relative to the wild type strain. In addition, the level of the oligomycin-sensitive ATPase decreased 85% relative to the wild type strain, after growth at 30°C. These findings indicate that for S. cerevisiae, the level of oxidative phosphorylation can decrease 85% without showing a large growth defect on media containing glycerol at 30°C, but not at 18°C.
Tobacco use in sub-Sahara Africa: Estimates from the demographic health surveys

Despite the growing problem of global tobacco use, accurate information on the prevalence and patterns in the world's poorest nations remains sparse. For sub-Sahara Africa, in particular, a weak knowledge base limits the targeting of strategies to combat the potential growth of tobacco use and its harmful effect on future mortality. To describe the prevalence and social patterns of the use of cigarettes and other tobacco in Africa, this study examines population-based data from 16 Demographic Health Surveys (DHS) of men aged 15-54 years and women aged 15-49 years in 14 nations. Descriptive statistics show the highest cigarette use among men in several nations of east central Africa and Madagascar, lowest use in nations of west central Africa, and medium use in nations of southern Africa. Multinomial logistic regression results for men show highest cigarette use among urban, less educated, and lower status workers. Results for women show much lower prevalence than men but similar social patterns of use. The DHS results thus give new and comparable information about tobacco use in low-income nations, disadvantaged social groups, and an understudied region of the world.
The role of renal autotransplantation in pediatric and young adult patients with renal artery disease

Abstract From 1977 to 1984, renal autotransplantation was attempted in 16 pediatric and young adult patients with renal artery disease, ranging in age from 10 months to 21 years. Renal revascularization was indicated as treatment for severe hypertension in 15 patients and to prevent rupture of an arterial aneurysm in one patient. The reasons for undertaking renal autotransplantation were branch renal artery disease requiring extracorporeal revascularization (n = 14), abdominal aortic hypoplasia (n = 1), and renal artery disease in a small infant (n = 1). Renal revascularization was successfully accomplished in 14 of 16 patients, including one patient who underwent staged bilateral extracorporeal repairs. Obliteration of the inferior vena cava and iliac veins precluded autotransplantation in one patient and a nephrectomy was done. In one patient extracorporeal ligation of an inaccessible renal arterial branch was accomplished with autotransplantation. Currently all 16 patients are normotensive with excellent renal function. Extracorporeal surgery and autotransplantation have been important additions to the surgical armamentarium for renal artery disease. (J VASC SURG 1985;2:385-92.)
Two-dimensional blood flow velocity estimation using apparent speckle pattern angle dependence on scan velocity

An algorithm which measures the lateral component of blood flow velocity was developed in our previous studies based on the increase in speckle size due to relative motion between moving scatterers and spatial rate of scanner A-line acquisition (scan velocity). In this paper, the apparent dominant angle of the speckle pattern in a straight vessel was investigated and a new method of two-dimensional blood flow velocity estimation is introduced. Different scan velocities were used for data acquisition from blood flow traveling at an angle relative to the ultrasound beam. The apparent angle of the speckle pattern changes with different scan velocities due to mis-registration between the ultrasound beam and scatterers. The apparent angle of the speckle pattern was resolved by line-to-line cross-correlation in the fast time (axial) direction on a region-of-interest (ROI) in each blood flow image and used to spatially align the ROI. The resulting lateral speckle size within the aligned ROI was calculated. The lateral component of the blood flow is shown to be closest to the scan velocity which gives the maximum speckle size and the apparent angle of speckle pattern collected by this scan velocity is the best estimate for the actual angle of blood flow. These two components produce two-dimensional blood flow velocity estimations. Blood flow data were collected from a blood flow phantom with a 50° beam-to-flow angle. Nine scan velocities were used to collect data for three different actual velocities. Estimation results for the 2-D velocity magnitude (mean ± std) were 40.2 ± 10.1, 61.8 ± 9.3, and 96.8 ± 12.3 cm/s for actual velocities of 41, 65, and 98 cm/s respectively. Estimation results for the angle (actual 50° for all tests) were 52.7 ± 7.8, 51.6 ± 6.2, and 53.8 ± 5.2°. These results indicate a promising new way to estimate 2-D blood flow velocity.
An Investigation of Success Predictors in Graduate School in Psychology

(1969). An Investigation of Success Predictors in Graduate School in Psychology. The Journal of Psychology: Vol. 72, No. 1, pp. 125-129.
Biological and chemical consequences of the 1997–1998 El Niño in central California waters

Abstract The physical, chemical and biological perturbations in central California waters associated with the strong 1997–1998 El Nino are described and explained on the basis of time series collected from ships, moorings, tide gauges and satellites. The evolution of El Nino off California closely followed the pattern observed in the tropical Pacific. In June 1997 an anomalous influx of warm southerly waters, with weak signatures on coastal sea level and thermocline depth, marked the onset of El Nino in central California. The timing was consistent with propagation from the tropics via the equatorial and coastal wave-guide. By late 1997, the classical stratified ocean condition with a deep thermocline, high sea level, and warm sea surface temperature (SST) commonly associated with El Nino dominated the coastal zone. During the first half of 1998 the core of the California Current, which is normally detected several hundred kilometers from shore as a river of low salinity, low nutrient water, was hugging the coast. High nutrient, productive waters that occur in a north–south band from the coast to approximately 200 km offshore during cool years disappeared during El Nino. The nitrate in surface waters was less than 20% of normal and new production was reduced by close to 70%. The La Nina recovery phase began in the fall of 1998 when SSTs dropped below normal, and ocean productivity rebounded to higher than normal levels. The reduction in coastal California primary productivity associated with El Nino was estimated to be 50 million metric tons of carbon (5 × 10 13 g C). This reduction certainly had deleterious effects on zooplankton, fish, and marine mammals. The 1992–1993 El Nino was more moderate than the 1997–1998 event, but because its duration was longer, its overall chemical and biological impact may have been comparable. How strongly the ecosystem responds to El Nino appears related to the longer-term background climatic state of the Pacific Ocean. The 1982–1983 and 1992–1993 El Ninos occurred during the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). The PDO may have changed sign during the 1997–1998 El Nino, resulting in weaker ecological effects than would otherwise have been predicted based on the strength of the temperature anomaly.
Using sensitivity analysis to improve the efficiency of a Net-Zero Energy vaccine warehouse design

Abstract A critical step in the design of a Net-Zero Energy building is the reduction of energy consumption, so that consumption can be cost-effectively offset by renewable energy production. In this paper, we present a method to inform the design of Net-Zero Energy buildings through the identification of influential energy efficiency measures. A regression-based global sensitivity analysis is used to quantify the relative importance of both individual design parameters and bilinear interactions between parameters. This allows for the identification of the specific two-way interactions between parameter pairs, rather than an evaluation of the influence of interactions for each parameter in a lumped manner as is commonly used in building performance simulation. The relative importance of both building control and architectural design parameters are assessed, and are used to help evaluate the importance of utilizing an integrated design method for reducing building energy consumption. The case-study building investigated is a primary vaccine warehouse, a vital part of the vaccine cold chain in the developing world. As this building type has not received adequate attention in the field of building performance simulation, this paper makes a significant contribution towards an improved understanding of the energy efficient design of these warehouses.
Pediatric Vascular Tumors and Malformations

Pediatric vascular tumors and malformations, comprising a broad category of lesions often referred to as vascular anomalies, are a heterogenous group of clinicopathologically distinct entities. Pathologists, clinicians, and radiologists have traditionally lumped these lesions under the generic term, hemangioma, sometimes qualified by modifiers, such as capillary or cavernous. Advances in understanding underlying pathogenetic mechanisms support more specific classification and more specifically targeted therapies. Multidisciplinary consensus has moved toward a biologically based classification system and therapeutic approach for dealing with these lesions. This content focuses on the histologic, immunophenotypical, and clinical features that distinguish the major types of vascular tumors and malformations presenting in infancy and childhood. Pathogenic mechanisms are also briefly reviewed.
Effect of ramp treatment on the cyclic response of coarse-grained copper

Recent studies on the effects of different variables, both intrinsic and extrinsic to the material itself, on the cyclic response of polycrystalline copper have been encouraging in the drive to understand the phenomenon of localized deformation during fatigue. In studying the effect of two intrinsic material parameters (grain size and annealing texture) on the cyclic response of f c c polycrystals, several sets of workers [1-3] have reported that the cyclic response of coarse-grained metal shows much more pronounced cyclic hardening and higher stresses, at low and intermediate strain amplitudes, than those for fine-grained metal. This behaviour is associated, in copper, with the strongly defined hard (1 1 1 ) ( 10 0) fibre texture, inherited in the coarsegrained material after annealing at relatively high temperatures [1]. Llanes et al. [1] also showed that in large-grained, strong-textured copper specimens, double and multiple slip related structures are already promoted in a relatively large number of grains (those oriented to favour multiple slip) at plastic strain amplitudes as low as 10 .4 . This early multiple slip activation homogenizes the deformation and seems to be the main factor contributing to the very strong cyclic hardening and the 10w levels of localization of deformation observed in the cyclic stress-strain curve (CSSC) of coarse-grained copper. In terms of the effect of extrinsic variables, Llanes and co-workers [4-6] observed enhancement of strain localization in small-grained copper in association with the use of ramp-loading both as loading mode and as mechanical pretreatment, in agreement with previous results [7-12]. From these studies it is now well established that ramp-loading promotes a gradual substructure evolution which leads to: a much more homogeneous substructure, from grain to grain; localization of slip in primary systems; and formation of persistent slip bands (PSBs). In the CSSC of small-grained copper, and in support of the results of Wang and Laird [7], Llanes and Laird [4] observed that ramp-treated copper polycrystals show, under subsequent conventional strain control testing, lower cyclic hardening rates, and therefore a greater tendency to localize deformation, than nontreated samples. However, the fact that Llanes and Laird [4] were unable to obtain the clear plateau behaviour observed by Wang and Laird [7] in the CSSC of ramp-treated small-grained copper suggests that the observation of a plateau in the CSSC of
Equity impacts of proposals for federal product charges

Abstract Pollution taxes have been studied as instruments for promoting environmental objectives in an efficient manner. Their adoption has also been recommended, although less rigorously, on equity grounds. In the case of solid wastes it has been contended that persons whose waste generation occasions local public outlays for refuse service should pay commensurately, but that they often do not under general revenue financing. How proposals for federal product charges might reduce current inequities, so conceived, is the subject of the paper. The behavioral responses of local public officials to federal grants funded by charge revenues and the design of the grant formula are identified as potentially important factors in that regard.
The isolation of intact cortical granules from sea urchin eggs: Calcium ions trigger granule discharge

Abstract A simple procedure is described for isolating preparations of cortical granule layers from sea urchin eggs. The isolated granules are structurally intact as revealed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. When Ca2+ is present, the isolated granules instantaneously discharge their contents. The site of action of Ca2+ may reside in the membrane of the granule. Procaine, a competitive inhibitor of Ca2+ binding to membranes, completely blocks the discharge of cortical granules that normally occurs at fertilization. The results support the hypothesis that once initiated, the propagation of cortical granule discharge spreads as an autocatalytic wave in which discharging granules release Ca2+ through their membranes which in turn triggers the discharge of adjacent granules.
Evaluation of Environmental Effects on Metal Transport from Capped Contaminated Sediment under Conditions of Submarine Groundwater Discharge

Previous studies conducted in our laboratories have shown that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) can significantly increase metal fluxes from capped contaminated sediment to the overlying water. Five columns were set up in the laboratory to evaluate the effects of environmental factors such as groundwater pH, sediment depth, and groundwater flow rate on metal transport from capped contaminated sediment under conditions of SGD. Acidified groundwater discharge was shown to enhance the mobility of all tested metals except Mo. Although much of the released metal was adsorbed by the capping material, significant increases of initial or steady-state fluxes to the overlying water were observed for Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Mn. Additional sediment depth enhanced steady-state fluxes for all tested metals except Mo, Cd, and Pb. Increased SGD rates did not significantly change the average metal concentration in the outflow to the overlying water for most metals; however, all metal releases were higher due to the greater flow at increased SGD rates. The residence time and the redox conditions may be important in evaluating environmental effects on capping efficiency.
Oxytocin inhibits LH-stimulated production of androstenedione by bovine theca cells.

Abstract Oxytocin secretion by bovine granulosa cells increases dramatically after the LH/FSH surge. We have shown that oxytocin stimulates progesterone secretion and inhibits FSH-stimulated estradiol secretion in vitro by granulosa cells from bovine preovulatory follicles obtained before the LH/FSH surge. To determine if oxytocin regulates LH-stimulated steroid production by bovine theca interna cells, theca cells were isolated from preovulatory follicles obtained before the LH surge and were cultured for 4 days in the presence or absence of LH (2 or 4 ng/ml), without or with graded doses of oxytocin (125–1000 ng/ml). LH increased accumulation of androstenedione and progesterone. Oxytocin inhibited LH-stimulated androstenedione production, but had no effect on LH-stimulated progesterone production by cultured theca interna. The next objective was to determine if oxytocin regulates LH-stimulated steroidogenesis by modulating the levels of mRNA for steroidogenic enzymes and/or Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory protein (StAR). Low doses of LH alone increased the levels of mRNA for P450 17α-hydroxylase (17α-OH), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) and cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage, but not for StAR. In contrast, the effects of oxytocin on LH-stimulated androstenedione production were not associated with changes in the levels of mRNA for steroidogenic enzymes or StAR. These results suggest that oxytocin may play a paracrine role in regulating the follicular/luteal phase shift in steroidogenesis by decreasing androstenedione secretion by theca cells of the ovulatory follicle and that this effect is not mediated by changes in the levels of mRNA for steroidogenic enzymes and StAR.
AT1 and AT2 receptors in the kidney: Role in disease and treatment

All components of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) are present in the kidneys and constitute a functioning renal RAS. Angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor subtypes AT(1) and AT(2) have been identified in the afferent and efferent arterioles, glomeruli, mesangial cells, and proximal tubules. AT(1) receptors regulate vasoconstriction and sodium and water reabsorption, as well as promote cell growth, proliferation, and collagen matrix deposition. Recent animal studies are elucidating the role of the less well understood AT(2) receptors. The AT(2) receptors appear to counterbalance the AT(1) receptors by increasing the production of bradykinin, nitric oxide, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-mediating vasodilation and by promoting cell differentiation, antiproliferation, and apoptosis. Ang II subtype 1 receptor blockers prevent Ang II activation of the AT(1) receptor while leaving the AT(2) receptor open to Ang II stimulation.
Stereoscopic imaging through the sea surface: II. Simulation and analysis

Airborne imaging of submerged targets is key to a variety of applications in environmental, law enforcement, and military surveillance and interdiction. As shown in previous research, imaging through the Marine Boundary Layer (also called trans- MBL imaging) incurs distortions due to refraction at the air/water interface and scattering or absorption within the water column. In Part 1 of this series of papers, we presented theory and algorithms for model-based trans-MBL stereoscopic imaging of submerged targets that can provide information concerning target depth and, hence, range-to-target. Additionally, an error analysis was presented which highlights the effect on estimated target depth of key errors in various trans-MBL sensor and imaging model parameters. In this paper, we present simulation results and analysis that illustrate the consequences of off-nadir versus nadir or near-nadir imaging configurations discussed in Part 1. We also discuss and analyze techniques for referring depth estimation error to the focal plane, based on the analysis of Part 1. Finally, we analyze simulation results wherein submergence depth of reconstructed targets is estimated from stereo imagery. Analyses emphasize accuracy of and variability of target depth estimation for various nadir or off-nadir viewing configurations.
The Influence of Family Economic Status on Home-Leaving Patterns during Emerging Adulthood:

Demographic shifts have lengthened the transition to adulthood and altered home-leaving patterns. Though all emerging adults are affected, little research has examined the experience of poor youths...
A New Family of Giardial Cysteine-Rich Non-VSP Protein Genes and a Novel Cyst Protein

Since the Giardia lamblia cyst wall is necessary for survival in the environment and host infection, we tested the hypothesis that it contains proteins other than the three known cyst wall proteins. Serial analysis of gene expression during growth and encystation revealed a gene, “HCNCp” (High Cysteine Non-variant Cyst protein), that was upregulated late in encystation, and that resembled the classic Giardia variable surface proteins (VSPs) that cover the trophozoite plasmalemma. HCNCp is 13.9% cysteine, with many “CxxC” tetrapeptide motifs and a transmembrane sequence near the C-terminus. However, HCNCp has multiple “CxC” motifs rarely found in VSPs, and does not localize to the trophozoite plasmalemma. Moreover, the HCNCp C-terminus differed from the canonical VSP signature. Full-length epitope-tagged HCNCp expressed under its own promoter was upregulated during encystation with highest expression in cysts, including 42 and 21 kDa C-terminal fragments. Tagged HCNCp targeted to the nuclear envelope in trophozoites, and co-localized with cyst proteins to encystation-specific secretory vesicles during encystation. HCNCp defined a novel trafficking pathway as it localized to the wall and body of cysts, while the cyst proteins were exclusively in the wall. Unlike VSPs, HCNCp is expressed in at least five giardial strains and four WB subclones expressing different VSPs. Bioinformatics identified 60 additional large high cysteine membrane proteins (HCMp) containing ≥20 CxxC/CxC's lacking the VSP-specific C-terminal CRGKA. HCMp were absent or rare in other model or parasite genomes, except for Tetrahymena thermophila with 30. MEME analysis classified the 61 gHCMp genes into nine groups with similar internal motifs. Our data suggest that HCNCp is a novel invariant cyst protein belonging to a new HCMp family that is abundant in the Giardia genome. HCNCp and the other HCMp provide a rich source for developing parasite-specific diagnostic reagents, vaccine candidates, and subjects for further research into Giardia biology.
SU-FF-T-76: Non-Template Dosimetry for Prostate Seed Implant

Purpose: Template guidance has been used in modern prostate brachytherapy with 3D image‐based planning. In robotically assisted prostate seed implants, template is only a virtual concept for the planning procedure, because the robot can insert needles at any desired location. A non‐template dosimetry concept was presented and compared with traditional template dosimetry plan. Materials and Methods: Variseed (V7.1) planning software was used to create the non‐template plans. Based on 12 pretreated patients' contours, both template and non‐template plans were created for comparison. Two different template plans were used: one used modified periphery needle pattern and the other used the same number of needles as non‐template. Novel planning rules were designed to create more periphery‐conformable non‐template needle patterns. For all methods, inverse planning was used to optimize the seed spacing along the needles after needle pattern was determined. Dosimetry parameters (prostate V100, V150, urethra D1 and rectum V100) and number of needles and seeds were compared. The correlation of dosimetry outcome between two methods was analyzed. Isodose distributions were compared. Results & Discussion: Compared to the template plan using modified periphery needle pattern, the non‐template plans decreases number of needles by 20% and increases average V100 by 1%. Compared to the limited number of needle template plans, the non‐template plans resulted in 2% increase in V100 and 4% decrease in maximum urethra dose, but the rectum V100 increased by 0.02 cc (mean). The correlation between urethra dose decrease and rectum dose increase has p‐value 0.00032. That was because the needles inserted below the urethra and above the rectum play an important role to affect both doses. Non‐template plan generally has greater conformal dose coverage than the template plan. Conclusions: Non‐template plan dosimetry has observable advantage over template one with similar number of needles.
Dopamine not effective for treatment of hypotension in chlorpromazine overdose: First case report

Dopamine is a popular and effective vasopressor agent. However, in the event of overdose with a potent alpha 1-receptor blocker, dopamine may not be effective in treatment of hypotension. A vasopressor that stimulates only alpha-receptors, such as norepinephrine or phenylephrine, may be more appropriate. In our case, dopamine was clearly ineffective, whereas norepinephrine worked well. Our case also demonstrates the importance of carefully monitoring the effectiveness of any vasopressor therapy.
An accurate and convenient lumped/discrete port de-embedding method for the 3D integration and packaging full-wave modeling by splitting and absorbing the Error-Cancelling Network

In this paper, an accurate and convenient lumped/discrete port de-embedding method is proposed for full-wave modeling interconnect and packaging components with bump/pin array interfaces in the 3D integration and packaging systems. This method is based on splitting and absorbing the Error-Cancelling Network which was inserted in between two connected S-parameter models to cancel any error by the port parasitic parameters and uncertainty in port current and voltage definitions. In the proposed approach, the Error-Cancelling Network is split into two identical Half-Error-Cancelling networks by making use of the square root of the corresponding T-matrix of the error-cancelling network. Each half-error-cancelling network can be attached to and combined with the original S-parameter models to generate de-embedded S-parameters models without any additional and individual Error-Cancelling Network in appearance. This de-embedding method is a wide-band approach valid on every frequency point in the S-parameter model.
FPRP, a Major, Highly Stoichiometric, Highly Specific CD81- and CD9-associated Protein

CD81 and CD9, members of the transmembrane-4 superfamily (TM4SF; tetraspanins), form extensive complexes with other TM4SF proteins, integrins, and other proteins, especially in mild detergents. In moderately stringent Brij 96 lysis conditions, CD81 and CD9 complexes are virtually identical to each other, but clearly distinct from other TM4SF complexes. One of the most prominent proteins within CD81 and CD9 complexes is identified here as FPRP, the 133-kDa prostaglandin F2α receptor regulatory protein. FPRP, a cell-surface Ig superfamily protein, associates specifically with CD81 or with CD81 and CD9, but not with integrins or other TM4SF proteins. In contrast to other CD81- and CD9-associating proteins, FPRP associates at very high stoichiometry, with essentially 100% of cell-surface FPRP on 293 cells being CD81- and CD9-associated. Also, CD81·CD9·FPRP complexes have a discrete size (
On the reported ionospheric precursor of the 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake

[1] Using Global Positioning System (GPS) data from sites near the 16 Oct. 1999 Hector Mine, California earthquake, Pulinets et al. (2007) identified anomalous changes in the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) starting one week prior to the earthquake. Pulinets (2007) suggested that precursory phenomena of this type could be useful for predicting earthquakes. On the other hand, and in a separate analysis, Afraimovich et al. (2004) concluded that TEC variations near the epicenter were controlled by solar and geomagnetic activity that were unrelated to the earthquake. In an investigation of these very different results, we examine TEC time series of long duration from GPS stations near and far from the epicenter of the Hector Mine earthquake, and long before and long after the earthquake. While we can reproduce the essential time series results of Pulinets et al., we find that the signal they identified as being anomalous is not actually anomalous. Instead, it is just part of normal global-scale TEC variation. We conclude that the TEC anomaly reported by Pulinets et al. is unrelated to the Hector Mine earthquake.
Obstacle Detection and Terrain Classification for Autonomous Off-Road Navigation

Autonomous navigation in cross-country environments presents many new challenges with respect to more traditional, urban environments. The lack of highly structured components in the scene complicates the design of even basic functionalities such as obstacle detection. In addition to the geometric description of the scene, terrain typing is also an important component of the perceptual system. Recognizing the different classes of terrain and obstacles enables the path planner to choose the most efficient route toward the desired goal. This paper presents new sensor processing algorithms that are suitable for cross-country autonomous navigation. We consider two sensor systems that complement each other in an ideal sensor suite: a color stereo camera, and a single axis ladar. We propose an obstacle detection technique, based on stereo range measurements, that does not rely on typical structural assumption on the scene (such as the presence of a visible ground plane)s a color-based classification system to label the detected obstacles according to a set of terrain classess and an algorithm for the analysis of ladar data that allows one to discriminate between grass and obstacles (such as tree trunks or rocks), even when such obstacles are partially hidden in the grass. These algorithms have been developed and implemented by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) as part of its involvement in a number of projects sponsored by the US Department of Defense, and have enabled safe autonomous navigation in high-vegetated, off-road terrain.
Prestun shocks and mis-stuns during conventional slaughter.

The BVA President, Robin Hargreaves, comments: For too long the non-stun lobby has defended the practice by arguing that mis-stunning in conventional slaughter is a widespread welfare problem and citing outdated Europe-wide figures to suggest that mis-stunning occurs in up to 31 per cent of cases. As we have stated clearly, mis-stunning is a welfare problem and one that we take seriously, but we know from our members working in public health that these figures paint a false picture and so we sought to find more accurate official statistics direct …
POWERS OF ATTENTION AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT.

The frequency with which a group of academically underachieving teenage students complained of difficulties in concentration led to this exploratory investigation of relationships between powers of...
Correlation of counter and electroscope measurements of cosmic radiation in the stratosphere

Abstract Comparison of several methods of measuring cosmic-ray intensities in the stratosphere is presented. Assuming the observed intensity distributions at various elevations, the relations between the vertical intensity and that measured by single counters and by electroscopes is developed. It is shown how geometry affects intensities measured with counters. The observations are found to indicate that the radiation at high elevations (0.75 m. water equivalent) is 1.1 ± 0.1 times more ionizing than at lower elevations (4 m. water). This effect is due to the passage of simultaneous shower rays through the instrument, as well as single rays of higher than average specific ionization. It is further shown that low pressure counters measure a quantity statistically proportional to that observed with electroscopes. The differences between high pressure and low pressure counters are discussed.
Efficient and Robust Language Modeling in an Automatic Children's Reading Tutor System

Recently, there has been a rapidly increasing interest in using ASR for children's language learning. An automatic reading tutor system built with ASR technologies can track children's oral reading against story texts, detect reading miscues, and measure the level of reading fluency. They may even diagnose the nature of the miscues and provide feedback to improve reading skills. In such tasks, N-gram language models (LM) may be trained from the whole story text, or may be generated based on current story sentence with heuristic probabilities for both regular words in the sentence and explicitly predicted reading miscues. The disadvantages of those methods are either they require a relatively large text and are time-consuming, or a large-sized LM and complex processing are needed to accommodate all possible words in reading stories as well as in reading miscues. This paper proposes an efficient and robust LM which can be easily built on-the-fly with current reading sentences. With an additional parallel "garbage" model, the LM can also deal effectively with a wide range of reading miscues. Our experiments in a standard children's reading task show that the new LM reaches the state-of-the-art performance in detecting reading miscues with a fast speed while only a relatively simple children's acoustic model of speech was used.
Transformational Plasticity in Bi2O3

Transformational plasticity associated with the monoclinic-to-cubic phase transition at 730°C in Bi2O3 was observed and characterized. This phenomenon is explained in terms of Greenwood and Johnson's model of internal stress-induced deformation, proceeding, in this instance, by a time-dependent, grain-size-sensitive creep mechanism, probably grain-boundary sliding. Criteria are proposed for choosing other prospective transformationally plastic ceramics; they are met by Bi2WO6, which also exhibits extensive transformation plasticity.