cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lipoxygenase activities of the epithelial cells of the human buccal cavity.

Abstract The lipoxygenase activities of cultured human buccal epithelial cells and cells taken ex vivo from the human buccal cavity were compared. Lipoxygenation by cultured cells exhibited exclusively ω-6 positional specificity. A membrane-damaging event such as freezing was required for activation. In contrast, after simple addition of arachidonic acid, the ex vivo buccal cells produced predominantly 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. Chromatography on chiral columns yielded products which had an (S) configuration at the site of oxygen insertion. 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid was transformed by ex vivo buccal cells to 5(S), 12(S)-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid. These products could have a role in modulation of inflammatory states of the oral cavity.
Kinetics of microstructure evolution in nanocrystalline Fe powder during mechanical attrition

The microstructure evolution in Fe powder during ball milling at different temperatures and intensities is investigated. Steady-state grain sizes below 12 nm are obtained, which increase weakly with decreasing milling intensity or increasing temperature. A phenomenological model is proposed, based on the assumption of simultaneous grain refinement and grain growth. This model fits well all data sets. The weak temperature dependence of the grain-growth term is consistent with nonequilibrium vacancy production. The fit results indicate that the efficiency for refinement and vacancy production decreases with increasing vibration amplitude.
Effect of approach-flow velocity and temperature nonuniformities on boundary-layer flow and heat transfer

Abstract The laminar flow and heat transfer on a flat plate subjected to nonuniform velocity and temperature profiles in the approaching free stream have been analyzed. The plate is situated in the laminar wake of an upstream plate. The extent of the approach-flow nonuniformities depends on the streamwise length of the wake relative to the length of the upstream plate. It was found that the effect of the nonuniformities is to reduce the wall shear and heat transfer on the downstream plate relative to their values for a uniform approach flow. Reductions of up to fifty percent were encountered. The extent of the reductions diminishes with increasing downstream distance, but non-negligible effects persist to a considerable length along the plate.
Late-glacial vegetation associated with caribou and mastodon in central Indiana

Abstract The Christensen Mastodon Site, located in central Indiana, contains a rich assemblage of vertebrates (including mastodon, caribou, and giant beaver), invertebrates, and plant macrofossils in situ in lake and bog sediments of late-glacial age. Studies of pollen and plant macrofossils suggest the existence of open, white spruce-dominated boreal forests from >; 14,000 yr B.P. to ca. 13,000 yr B.P. The regional decline of spruce, local occurrence of black spruce, white spruce, and larch, immigration of many hardwood taxa (e.g., ash, oak, elm), and the initiation of bog development are recorded beginning about 13,000 yr B.P. Recent reconstructions of late-glacial and early postglacial vegetational changes provide a context for understanding the disappearance of mastodons. The dramatic and rapid restriction of boreal forests along the retreating ice margin from 11,000 to 9000 yr B.P. may have caused a substantial reduction of mastodon populations. A diminished population would be more susceptible to small-scale, stochastic events such as short-term extremes of weather, outbreaks of disease, or predation pressure from paleoindian hunters.
Absolute processes : A nominalist alternative

Dans le cadre du debat opposant les platoniciens aux nominalistes concernant la verite des singuliers, l'A. adopte une version du nominalisme dans laquelle les entites sont a la fois generales et concretes, en se referant a l'ontologie des processus absolus developpee par W. Sellars. Rejetant le paradigme de la substance propre a la metaphysique, et rejetant les solutions du nominalisme de classe et du nominalisme des tropes, l'A. montre que le contenu des processus absolus fait place a deux entites tout en evitant les abstractions du platonisme
Retrospective evaluation and dating of non-accidental rib fractures in infants

Aim To describe the sequential appearance of healing rib fractures on initial and follow-up radiographs using published guidelines in approximating the age of rib fractures in infants with the aim of establishing a more objective method of dating rib fractures by measuring the thickness of the callous formation. Materials and methods This was a retrospective analysis of initial and follow-up digital skeletal surveys of infants less than 12 months of age performed between January 2008 and January 2012 at the University of California Davis Children's Hospital. Six radiological features of rib fractures evaluating the appearance of the callous formation (C stage) and fracture line (F stage) were assessed. Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, known vitamin D deficiency, and skeletal or metabolic dysplasia were not included in the study. Thereafter, callous thickness was measured and recorded for each stage. Results Sixteen infants (age range 1–11 months, seven males and nine females) with 23 rib fractures were analysed. The thickness of the callous formation follows a predictable pattern advancing one stage after a 2-week follow-up with progressive callous thickening starting from stage 2, peaks at around stage 4, and then tapers and remodels until it almost disappears when the fracture is healed at stage 6. Conclusion It appears that rib fractures in infants follow a predictable pattern of healing. Measuring the thickness of the callous formation is a more objective way of guiding the radiologist in estimating the age of the fracture.
Mask maker, mask maker: The black gay subject in 1970s popular culture

Black gay artists have created a sustained body of literature that has served as a springboard for their creative and intellectual energies. In the 1980s and 1990s, black gay male textuality blossomed. The result is a minor literature establishing a black gay male sensibility and a distinctly Afro-Gay perspective. The political and poetic influence of these works is demonstrated visually in Looking For Langston by Isaac Julien, in Tongues Untied by the late Marlon Riggs, and to a lesser extent, Paris is Burning by Jennie Livingston. These documentaries seek to further a strategy of black gay representation.
Polymer aging insights available from modulus profiling data

A recently developed analytical technique, modulus profiling, conveniently allows the mechanical properties of elastomers to be mapped with spatial resclutions approaching 0.05 mm. Thus, spatial heterogeneities in modulus caused by processing and aging phenomena can be easily monitored. This paper describes some typical results from polymer aging studies, which Indicate the insights available from this technique. These include application of modulus profiling to understanding (1) mechanical property deterioration of Viton in an elevated temperature, gamma-radiation environment, (2) recent continuous stress-relaxation results, and (3) the role of ozone for non mechanically-stressed materials in high energy radiation environments.
Metabolic imaging of low-grade gliomas with three-dimensional magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Abstract Purpose: The role of radiotherapy (RT) seems established for patients with low-grade gliomas with poor prognostic factors. Three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) has been reported to be of value in defining the extent of glioma infiltration. We performed a study examining the impact MRSI would have on the routine addition of 2–3-cm margins around MRI T2-weighted hyperintensity to generate the treatment planning clinical target volume (CTV) for low-grade gliomas. Methods and Materials: Twenty patients with supratentorial gliomas WHO Grade II (7 astrocytomas, 6 oligoastrocytomas, 7 oligodendrogliomas) underwent MRI and MRSI before surgery. The MRI was contoured manually; the regions of interest included T2 hyperintensity and, if present, regions of contrast enhancement on T1-weighted images. The 3D-MRSI peak parameters for choline and N -acetyl-aspartate, acquired voxel-by-voxel, were categorized using a choline/ N -acetyl-aspartate index (CNI), a tool for quantitative assessment of tissue metabolite levels, with CNI 2 being the lowest value corresponding to tumor. CNI data were aligned to MRI and displayed as 3D contours. The relationship between the anatomic and metabolic information on tumor extent was assessed by comparing the CNI contours and other MRSI-derived metabolites to the MRI T2 volume. Results: The limitations in the size of the region "excited" meant that MRSI could be used to evaluate only a median 68% of the T2 volume (range 38–100%), leaving the volume T2c. The CNI 2 volume (median 29 cm 3 , range 10–73) was contained totally within the T2c in 55% of patients. In the remaining patients, the volume of CNI 2 extending beyond the T2c was quite small (median 2.3 cm 3 , range 1.4–5.2), but was not distributed uniformly about the T2c, extending up to 22 mm beyond it. Two patients demonstrated small regions of contrast enhancement corresponding to the regions of highest CNI. Other metabolites, such as creatine and lactate, seem useful for determining less and more radioresistant areas, respectively. Conclusion: Metabolically active tumor, as detected by MRSI, is restricted mainly to the T2 hyperintensity in low-grade gliomas, but can extend outside it in a limited and nonuniform fashion up to 2 cm. Therefore, a CTV including T2 and areas of CNI extension beyond the T2 hyperintensity would result in a reduction in the size and a change in the shape of the standard clinical target volumes generated by adding uniform margins of 2–3 cm to the T2 hyperintensity.
Effect of reserpine on avoidance of humans by Rhesus monkeys.

(1958). Effect of Reserpine on Avoidance of Humans by Rhesus Monkeys. The Journal of General Psychology: Vol. 59, No. 2, pp. 149-155.
Pythium dimorphum from rhododendron

A pythiaceous phycomycete was isolated from diseased roots of rhododendron in New York. It was characterized by fast growth, preference for high temperature for growth, ovoid to elongate, non-papillate, internally proliferating sporangia and large spherical, pigmented chlamydospores, but failed to produce sex organs in single or dual cultures. It was identified as Pythium dimorphum Hendrix & Campbell. This appears to be the second report of its occurrence since its first isolation from lolly pine roots in Louisiana in 1971.
Successful management of concomitant aortoesophageal and aortotracheal fistulae secondary to a thoracic aortic aneurysm: Case report and review of literature

Thoracic aortic aneurysm with fistulization into the trachea or the esophagus is usually a lethal complication. An unusual case of combined aortotracheal and aortoesophageal fistulae is presented here. The patient had a successful outcome after resection of the aneurysm with tracheal repair and esophageal resection. A review of literature on this subject is also included in this manuscript.
Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) in a day

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is about integration, typically on a large scale. This hands-on workshop first defined SOA and gave a brief introduction to SOA concepts including the standards of Web Services Description Language (WSDL) and Business Process Execution Language (BPEL). The WebSphere Integration Developer uses visual tools, which simplifies creating integrated applications. However, the underlying code was also shown and discussed. Finally, the workshops addressed how Ajax technologies such as IBM's Business Space widgets fit into the SOA picture.
On the characterization of stereoregular polymers. I. Theory

Through an extension of a generalized copolymer theory, a mathematical description of the chain structure of homopolymers (whether stereospecific or not)has been obtained, relating distributions of sequences, sequence lengths, and bonds formed to the kinetics of the propagation step in the polymerization reaction. Existence of stereoblock structures is accounted for by the model and chain structural details sensitive to directing influences (such as the so-called “penultimate” monomer effect or the catalyst surface)are predicted. It has been shown that in the general case, knowledge of at least two independent parameters is required to characterize the chain structure. The tacticity definitions currently used have been shown to have simple mathematical expressions and to be equivalent and interchangeable.
Volatiles are miscompiled, and what to do about it

C's volatile qualifier is intended to provide a reliable link between operations at the source-code level and operations at the memory-system level. We tested thirteen production-quality C compilers and, for each, found situations in which the compiler generated incorrect code for accessing volatile variables. This result is disturbing because it implies that embedded software and operating systems---both typically coded in C, both being bases for many mission-critical and safety-critical applications, and both relying on the correct translation of volatiles---may be being miscompiled.Our contribution is centered on a novel technique for finding volatile bugs and a novel technique for working around them. First, we present access summary testing: an efficient, practical, and automatic way to detect code-generation errors related to the volatile qualifier. We have found a number of compiler bugs by performing access summary testing on randomly generated C programs. Some of these bugs have been confirmed and fixed by compiler developers. Second, we present and evaluate a workaround for the compiler defects we discovered. In 96% of the cases in which one of our randomly generated programs is miscompiled, we can cause the faulty C compiler to produce correctly behaving code by applying a straightforward source-level transformation to the test program.
Experimental analysis of the time-varying MIMO channel

In this paper, we characterize the extent of channel time variation in an outdoor campus environment by taking narrowband measurements at 2.45 GHz in a number of representative locations and present MIMO metrics that quantify the rate of channel time variation, thus allowing channels to be classified based on their time variability.
Safe Sext: Adolescents' Use of Technology to Communicate About Sexual Health With Dating Partners

Purpose: This study examined adolescents’ technology-based sexual communication with dating partners, and evaluated associations between technology-based communication and condom use. Methods: Participants were 176 high school students who indicated their use of technology to communicate with partners about condoms, birth control, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), HIV/AIDS, pregnancy, and sexual limits. Sexually active youth also reported their frequency of condom use. Results: Many adolescents (49%) used technology to discuss sexual health with partners, with rates varying by topic. Girls were more likely than boys to discuss HIV, pregnancy, and sexual limits. Ethnic minorities were more likely than whites to discuss condoms, STIs, HIV, pregnancy, and birth control. Importantly, rates of consistent condom use were three times higher among youth using technology to discuss condoms and birth control. Conclusions: Results provide novel preliminary evidence regarding adolescents’ use of technology to discuss sexual health and demonstrate links between technology-based communication and condom use among sexually active youth.
Vapor‐liquid equilibria for hydrogen–light‐hydrocarbon systems at low temperatures

Experimental equilibrium vapor and liquid compositions are reported for the hydrogen-methane system at −150°, −200°, and −250°F. and at pressures of 500 to 4,000 lb./sq. in. The ternary system hydrogen-methane-propane was studied at 0°, −100°, and −200°F. at 500 and 1,000 lb./sq. in. Phase compositions were determined for a limited number of similar conditions for the hydrogen-methane-propylene and hydrogen-methane-ethylene-ethane-propylene-propane systems.
ndhF sequence evolution and the major clades in the sunflower family.

Abstract An extensive sequence comparison of the chloroplast ndhF gene from all major clades of the largest flowering plant family (Asteraceae) shows that this gene provides approximately 3 times more phylogenetic information than rbcL. This is because it is substantially longer and evolves twice as fast. The 5' region (1380 bp) of ndhF is very different from the 3' region (855 bp) and is similar to rbcL in both the rate and the pattern of sequence change. The 3' region is more A+T-rich, has higher levels of nonsynonymous base substitution, and shows greater transversion bias at all codon positions. These differences probably reflect different functional constraints on the 5' and 3' regions of ndhF. The two patterns of base substitutions of ndhF are particularly advantageous for phylogenetic reconstruction because the conserved and variable segments can be used for older and recent groups, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses of 94 ndhF sequences provided much better resolution of relationships than previous molecular and morphological phylogenies of the Asteraceae. The ndhF tree identified five major clades: (i) the Calyceraceae is the sister family of Asteraceae; (ii) the Barnadesioideae is monophyletic and is the sister group to the rest of the family; (iii) the Cichorioideae and its two basal tribes Mutisieae and Cardueae are paraphyletic; (iv) four tribes of Cichorioideae (Lactuceae, Arctoteae, Liabeae, and Vernonieae) form a monophyletic group, and these are the sister clade of the Asteroideae; and (v) the Asteroideae is monophyletic and includes three major clades.
The effects of excitation on the coherent and random motion in a plane wall jet

Three components of velocity fluctuations were measured in a plane turbulent wall jet which was modulated periodically by a sinusoidal pressure fluctuation in its settling chamber. The experiment was carried out in a closed-loop wind tunnel in the absence of an external stream at Reynolds number Rej = U, b/v = 6900 and Strouhal number St, = fb/U, = 9.5 x lop3, where b is the width of the slot from which the jet emerges at an efflux velocity U,. A detailed comparison is provided with similar measurements made in a natural, unexcited turbulent wall jet. One of the purposes of this experiment was to establish the kinetic energy transfers which take place in the wall jet under controlled perturbations. More specifically, we were interested in determining the interactions occurring between the steady mean flow, the coherent eddies and the ‘random ’ turbulent fluctuations. We used the triple decomposition of the equations of motion as suggested by Hussain (1 983) and quickly observed that the usefulness of this decomposition depends on the definition of coherent motion, which is ambiguous in the presence of phase jitter. Two such definitions were considered and the results are discussed in the experimental case-study provided. An attempt is made to define quantitatively the intensities of the coherent motion in externally excited, wallbounded flows. It is a case-study and not a parametric investigation aimed at maximizing the effects of period oscillations on the wall jet.
Risks of drawing inferences about cognitive processes from model fits to individual versus average performance

With the goal of drawing inferences about underlying processes from fits of theoretical models to cognitive data, we examined the trade off of risks of depending on model fits to individual performance versus risks of depending on fits to averaged data with respect to estimation of values of a model’s parameters. Comparisons based on several models applied to experiments on recognition and categorization and to artificial, computer-generated data showed that results of using the two types of model fitting are strongly determined by two factors: model complexity and number of subjects. Reasonably accurate information about true parameter values was found only for model fits to individual performance and then only for some of the parameters of a complex model. Suggested guidelines are given for circumventing a variety of obstacles to successful recovery of useful estimates of a model’s parameters from applications to cognitive data.
Integrated solar energy harvesting and storage

To explore integrated solar energy harvesting as a power source for low power systems such as wireless sensor nodes, an array of energy scavenging photodiodes based on a passive-pixel architecture for imagers and have been fabricated together with storage capacitors implemented using on-chip interconnect in a 0.35 mum CMOS logic process. Integrated vertical plate capacitors enable dense energy storage without limiting optical efficiency. Measurements show 225 muW/mm2 output power generated by a light intensity of 20k LUX
Wetting, Capillary Condensation and More

Wetting transitions and their closely related cousins of capillary condensation and filling are found all around us. This article provides an overview of the key ideas and issues related to these phenomena as they have emerged in the past few decades. Both continuous and first order wetting transitions and their analogues for condensation and filling are covered, and some new work on two-dimensional wetting associated with prewetting is presented. A glimpse into the promising future of this field ends the presentation.
Factors controlling the production of fission-fragment tracks in thin metal films☆

Abstract It has been suggested recently that the production of fission-fragment tracks in thin metal films is controlled by crystallite size and degree of contact between crystallites as evidenced by film resistivity. The effects of crystallite size have already been investigated. In this paper we report on the results of a quantitative investigation of the role of resistivity and film thickness in track production. Using thin evaporated palladium films we demonstrate that films whose resistivity approaches bulk values do not show evaporation tracks, and that those whose resistivities are in excess of ten times bulk value do show such tracks. We further demonstrate that tracks are not produced in films whose thickness is much in excess of the crystallite dimensions, even when the resistivity is high.
Efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of Lyme disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis

risk of Lyme disease in the placebo group was 2.2% [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2%‐3.9%] compared with 0.2% (95% CI, 0.0%‐1.0%) in the antibiotic-treated group. Antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduced the odds of developing Lyme disease compared with placebo (pooled odds ratio¼0.084; 95% CI, 0.0020‐0.57; P¼0.0037). Conclusions: The available evidence to date supports the use of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of Lyme disease in endemic areas following an Ixodes tick bite. Pooled data from four placebo-controlled trials suggests that one case of Lyme disease is prevented for about every 50 patients who are treated with antibiotics.
Glucocorticoid response elements and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression

Aims Hypertensive and other effects of excess glucocorticoids might be in part mediated by the suppression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. We studied the transcriptional and biochemical mechanisms that mediate or modulate the suppression of eNOS expression by glucocorticoids. Methods and results We found that a mere three-fold increase in the concentration of the natural glucocorticoid cortisol (from 30 to 100 nmol/L) significantly decreased the expression level of eNOS in human endothelial cells. Deletion analysis of the eNOS promoter indicated that the segment within −119 bp upstream from the transcription start site was significantly involved in the effect of cortisol. Site-directed mutagenesis and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses demonstrated the presence of a suppressive glucocorticoid response element (GRE) at −111 to −105 bp. 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11β-HSD) catalyse the interconversion of active and inactive glucocorticoids. The suppression of 11β-HSD2 using small interfering RNA markedly exacerbated the inhibition of eNOS by cortisol. The suppression of 11β-HSD1 abolished the inhibition of eNOS expression by cortisol. Conclusion We identified the first GRE in the eNOS promoter region and demonstrated that endogenous 11β-HSD1 and 11β-HSD2 play significant and distinct roles in modulating the effect of glucocorticoids on eNOS expression.
General equilibrium with imbalance of trade

Abstract : The paper is a continuation of the study of dynamic models of general equilibrium. Such models differ from the standard static model only in the fact that instead of dealing with a finite set of economic agents one considers a population, that is, a sequence of agents each of which is active over a specified interval of time (his economic life-time). For such models it is shown that there can be steady state international trade equilibria which are 'unbalanced' meaning that the value of imports and exports of individual countries need not be equal. Specifically an example is given of a two country model with a single tradable good such that at equilibrium one of the countries exports a constant amount of this good to the other in every period and gets nothing in return. It is further shown that under suitable assumptions on the technologies of the countries such an unablanced equilibrium may be globally stable so that any initial trade pattern will converge to the unbalanced pattern. (Author)
Using Virtual Reality to Investigate Comparative Spatial Cognitive Abilities in Chimpanzees and Humans

The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of investigating spatial cognitive abilities across two primate species using virtual reality. In this study, we presented four captive adult chimpanzees and sixteen humans (twelve children and four adults) with simulated environments of increasing complexity and size to compare species’ attention to visuo-spatial features during navigation. The specific task required participants to attend to landmarks in navigating along routes in order to localize the goal site. Both species were found to discriminate effectively between positive and negative landmarks. Assessing path efficiency revealed that both species and all age groups used relatively efficient, distance reducing routes during navigation. Compared to the chimpanzees and adult humans however, younger children’s performance decreased as maze complexity and size increased. Surprisingly, in the most complex maze category the humans’ performance was less accurate compared to one female chimpanzee. These results suggest that the method of using virtual reality to test captive primates, and in particular, chimpanzees, affords significant cross-species investigations of spatial cognitive and developmental comparisons.
Broadening of the below-threshold near-field profile of GaAs quantum-well lasers due to photon recycling

The subthreshold near-field profile of single quantum well laser diodes was studied experimentally and theoretically. Wide gain-guided stripes as well as single lateral mode ridge-waveguide diodes mere investigated. In both types of device, the measured width of the near-field was significantly wider than the width predicted by the conventional theory which includes ambipolar carrier diffusion as the only spatial broadening mechanism. A new model that invokes close to 100% efficient photon recycling was developed to explain the observed near-field profiles. >
Adjusting a cancer mortality-prediction model for disease status-related eligibility criteria

Volunteering participants in disease studies tend to be healthier than the general population partially due to specific enrollment criteria. Using modeling to accurately predict outcomes of cohort studies enrolling volunteers requires adjusting for the bias introduced in this way. Here we propose a new method to account for the effect of a specific form of healthy volunteer bias resulting from imposing disease status-related eligibility criteria, on disease-specific mortality, by explicitly modeling the length of the time interval between the moment when the subject becomes ineligible for the study, and the outcome. Using survival time data from 1190 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients at MD Anderson Cancer Center, we model the time from clinical lung cancer diagnosis to death using an exponential distribution to approximate the length of this interval for a study where lung cancer death serves as the outcome. Incorporating this interval into our previously developed lung cancer risk model, we adjust for the effect of disease status-related eligibility criteria in predicting the number of lung cancer deaths in the control arm of CARET. The effect of the adjustment using the MD Anderson-derived approximation is compared to that based on SEER data. Using the adjustment developed in conjunction with our existing lung cancer model, we are able to accurately predict the number of lung cancer deaths observed in the control arm of CARET. The resulting adjustment was accurate in predicting the lower rates of disease observed in the early years while still maintaining reasonable prediction ability in the later years of the trial. This method could be used to adjust for, or predict the duration and relative effect of any possible biases related to disease-specific eligibility criteria in modeling studies of volunteer-based cohorts.
THE EFFECTS OF AGE AND WATER FLUCTUATIONS ON FISH POPULATIONS

Two lakes having similar soil types were studied to determine the effects of age and water fluctuations on plankton, benthos and fish populations. Bluff Lake is an older man-made lake which is drawn down in the mid-summer. Oktibbeha County Lake is a young lake and the water levels are maintained. Chemistry data from the two lakes indicate that their chemical properties are very similar. Neither lake would be considered very fertile. Net plankton populations in Bluff Lake and Oktibbeha County Lake were comparable when analyzed on a number of organisms per liter basis. Fluctuations of water levels did not seem to have an effect on the net plankton populations. The benthic population in Bluff Lake is slightly higher than that found in Oktibbeha County Lake. This is true for both numbers and weight per square meter. The species composition of benthic organisms in the two lakes were similar. Based on one-acre samples from each lake, Bluff Lake has a more balanced fish population than does Oktibbeha County Lake. Neither, however, seems to support populations of game fish in which a high percentage of these are in the available or harvestable range. Both lakes contain high populations of gizzard shad.
Adherence measures and their utility

This article addresses the variety of adherence measures available to the researcher, with particular reference to the utility of markers. It is proposed that the generic nature of the research question will suggest both the adherence definition and the appropriate assessment methodology. Each measurement procedure offers somewhat different information and has unique advantages and disadvantages. It is suggested that markers are limited by the relatively short duration of the measurement period, the lack of quantitative data on adherence, and, with some, the potential for confounding influences on their specificity. The probable value of markers lies in validating the subject's recent self-report, determining recent medication ingestion, and estimating the probability of adherence over time.
Regulation of arginase isoforms I and II by IL-4 in cultured murine peritoneal macrophages

Macrophages can express two arginase isoforms with distinct subcellular localization (cytosolic AI and mitochondrial AII). These isoforms are products of different genes and are capable of differen...
The Group-Centered Approach

Even though prevention programs measure success in terms of the degree of change that a program produces (Kulic et al. 2004), change will not always be the same for every student. This is still true for a group-centered prevention program, and it does not mean that your program is a failure. One of the major advantages of the group-centered approach is that it enables you to individualize instruction in a group setting. We must remember that students are individuals. They bring to the after-school program their own individual needs, problems, and learning styles. Some children will need more time than others to learn the same material. The group-centered approach enables you to design an after-school program which gives students the time and support that they need in order to learn and change their behavior. The key is to make sure that every child is indeed improving, even if that improvement is sometimes much slower than others in the group.
Advanced Tests of Sperm Function

Sperm function tests assess the presence or absence of factors needed for proper fertilization and initiation of embryogenesis; put differently, these tests measure the ability of a sperm to deliver a normal haploid complement of chromosomes to an oocyte. Advanced tests of sperm function have helped us to gain a tremendous understanding of the physiology of sperm capacitation, acrosome reaction, and sperm-ovum interaction. For this reason alone, an understanding of these tests is still vitally important to the practicing andrologist, reproductive endocrinologist, or embryologist. These tests do accurately predict the likelihood of success with IUI (with or without ovarian hyperstimulation) or IVF. Unfortunately, with the increased use of IVF/ICSI, these tests are less widely used by physicians. Despite this, the usage of these tests to properly identify which couples need to proceed to IVF/ICSI (due to a low likelihood of success with IUI or IVF alone) would represent a significant step forward toward a cost-efficient and health-conscious treatment algorithm for couples with infertility.
Can Character Ethics Have Moral Rules and Principles? Christian Doctrine and Comprehensive Moral Theory

This paper investigates how character ethicists use rules and principles in their virtue-centered and narrative-dependent theories, and how such limited use fails to appreciate the performative content of Christian doctrine. If they are correct in insisting that Christian ethics begin with the practical import of theological convictions, then they not only limit the description of such beliefs but also the performance of such beliefs. A more “comprehensive ethic” that includes rules, principles, practices, and virtues, when one begins with the performance of doctrine not scriptural narratives. Such an argument unfolds through three states of the article: (a) it describes how character ethics uses rules, norms, and principles in its own moral theory; (b) it further evaluates this theory based on its own procedural starting point; and (3) it constructs how rules and principles can emerge from such a methodological starting point.
See Spot Run

Market fundamentalism deserves even more analysis and opposition, and this paper will think about it in the form of neoliberalism. But I think that the See Spot Run talk that we have in mainstream govern ance theorizing (e.g., within the constraints of mainstream PA dis course, within mainstream economic discourse, within the dominant discourse of political economy) stands in the way; there's not only a misallocation of energy toward what is inside the boundaries of the traditional disciplines but also distortion of content. Market fundamentalism, central in ideologies like neoliberalism, holds that market exchange is the best guide for all human actions; it maintains that the free market is the only true ethical, or prudential, guide to life. Work has already been done in PA on this topic, e.g., Thorne & Kouzmin, 2006. But the suggestion is that we need even more.
Predicting properties of organic optoelectronic materials: asymptotically corrected density functional study.

A practical computational procedure has been proposed that provides key electronic parameters of a polymer (fundamental bandgap, ionization energy, electron affinity, and intrachain electron and hole mobilities) determining its suitability as a donor or acceptor in organic optoelectronic materials. Series of oligomer calculations at the Becke3–Lee–Yang–Parr level with and without a self-contained asymptotic correction using the 6-31G** basis set were performed. The bandgap, ionization energy, and electron affinities of a polymer are extrapolated from those of its oligomers obtained from the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbital energies in the Koopmans-like approximation. This scheme has been applied to conjugated polymers having the poly(p-phenylene), poly(thiophene), or poly(pyrrole) backbone as well as to PCBM. The observed values of the electronic parameters have been reproduced within less than 1 eV in most cases. With the predicted values of these parameters, estimates of the open-circuit v...
Witnessing as activism: Watching the other at the Israeli checkpoints

ABSTRACTThe practice of external witnessing—bearing witness to someone else's suffering—is often criticized as further destroying the victim's subjectivity. As a result, this approach limits the use of the practice to extreme cases in which victims lack the ability to speak for themselves. This article argues against limiting the use of the practice by tracing its potential to promote identification with the Other, thus undermining cases of dehumanization. This claim is developed through an analysis of the Checkpoint Watch movement in Israel, which reveals the way the movement challenges the dehumanization of the Palestinians. The activists address the delegitimation of the voice of the Palestinians through witnessing as representation and the unwillingness of the Israeli public to understand their experiences as suffering by witnessing as transformation. As such, this account calls for conceptualizing external witnessing as a prominent form of social and political activism.
Meningoencephalitis due to hyphae-forming Cryptococcus neoformans.

A patient with lymphocytic leukemia died of meningoencephalitis due to hyphae-forming Cryptococcus neoformans . These forms were seen only in fresh preparations of cerebrospinal fluid and were lost immediately after culture on artificial media. The apparent rarity of these forms and their significance are discussed.
A formal synthesis of (-)-cyanolide A featuring a stereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction and oxocarbenium reduction.

The formal synthesis of the marine natural product (−)-cyanolide A is presented. The synthetic strategy is centered on two acyclic diastereoselective reactions and a single cyclic reaction with modest to excellent dr based on an initial stereocenter. Most notable is a highly stereoselective oxocarbenium reduction based on a “mismatched” reactive conformer to afford the β-C-glycoside subunit leading to an efficient synthesis of the diolide aglycon in 12 overall steps.
A tool for simulation and visualization of distributed estimation in wireless sensor networks

A Java-based tool has been designed and implemented to simulate distributed estimation on a wireless sensor network (WSN) platform. The tool allows users to vary several system parameters of the WSN such as the parameter to be estimated; the amount of and type of noise in the system; types of channel impairments; algorithms for data processing at the sensors; and types of estimators. The simulator has been developed by fulfilling the requirements of usability principles in visual software design, and it produces outputs that have relevance to various sensor network applications such as localization, synchronization, and fault detection. Educational opportunities introduced by the tool are two-fold. It can be used in senior-level undergraduate digital signal processing, communications, and digital controls classes to introduce students basic statistical signal processing concepts such as noise and sample estimation in noise. The current version of the tool has been evaluated via student feedback in a workshop. Preliminary results are promising, and will allow us to make modifications to the simulation tool as necessary.
Tibial Plateau Schatzker V/VI Treated in Ex Fix/Circular Frame

The patient is an 18-year-old female with no past medical history other than borderline mental retardation who presents after an urban all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident where she was thrown from the vehicle. On initial evaluation in the trauma bay, she was noted to have a 15 × 6 cm wound over her anteromedial leg, with significant degloving over the tibia. She was found to have a Schatzker VI tibial plateau fracture with large (Gustilo Anderson IIIB) metadiaphyseal butterfly fragment (Fig. 6.1). She also was found to have a nondisplaced medial malleolus fracture on the ipsilateral side.
Autosomal dominant transmission of ureteral triplication and bilateral amastia

We report a case of ureteral triplication as part of an autosomal dominant syndrome comprising bilateral amastia, pectus excavatum, umbilical hernia, patent ductus arteriosus, dysmorphic low set ears, ptosis, epicanthic folds with an antimongoloid slant to the eyes, hypertelorism, high arched palate, flat broad nasal bridge, tapered digits, cubitus valgus and syndactyly.
Failure of chicken antisera against porcine enterovirus strain V13 to neutralized at low dilutions.

Summary Antisera prepared in chickens against porcine enterovirus strain V 13 failed to neutralize completely, at low dilutions, V 13 and 2 other enteroviruses which produced a similar cytopathic effect, although higher dilutions of the sera completely neutralized the viruses. Prolongation of the reaction time of the virus-serum mixtures did not result in complete neutralization. Plaque neutralization tests indicated that some 4% of the virus was not neutralized. This fraction produced smaller plaques than the parent stock, hut the progeny of these plaques behaved in neutralization tests with V 13 antisera in a similar way to the parent stock. It is postulated that the sera contained small amount of non-neutralizing antibodies which combined with some of the virus particles and prevented their neutralization.
Cross-pol InSAR coherence degradation due to wave penetration into layered, anisotropic media

We numerically study degradation in the cross-polarized, complex-valued Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) coherence's magnitude (correlation) and phase due to electromagnetic (EM) wave penetration and guidance within planar-layered, (effectively) electrically anisotropic (i.e., electric field direction dependent) geophysical media. Specifically, we examine scenarios involving subsurface layers exhibiting electrical response given by deviated anisotropic tensors exhibiting low loss and high inter-layer dielectric contrast (i.e., strong subsurface wave guidance), as well as predominantly cross-pol specular interface scatter (XSIS)-based subsurface backscatter. We hypothesize that this scenario can occur within myriad layered geophysical structures containing media hosting a distribution of sub-wavelength, non-spherical inclusions with mean non-vertical orientation. Guidance-enhanced, XSIS-based backscatter we predict can dominate cross-pol InSAR observations (particularly at lower frequencies such as P-band) concerning these types of structures, leading (in the limit of stronger wave guidance) to rapid, inverse-quadratic degradation of correlation versus InSAR spatial baseline, as well as high and linearly divergent phase bias. Modeling the dominant cross-pol backscatter mechanisms adds another tool for Polarimetric InSAR (PolInSAR) data interpretation and inversion concerning sea ice and other complex layered geophysical structures which can contain media possessing effective anisotropic dielectric response.
Interconnections between Left Atrial Ganglionic Plexi: Insights from Minimally Invasive Maze Procedures and Their Outcomes

BACKGROUND Ganglionic plexi (GPs) have been implicated as triggers of atrial fibrillation (AF) and are known to have functional interconnections. Understanding these connections could result in a more effective ablation. The objective of this study is to assess relationships between right- and left-sided GPs in patients undergoing mini-maze (MM) surgery. We also analyzed the impact of these findings on AF recurrence. METHODS The GPs were accessed thoracoscopically right side first (group 1) or left side first (group 2). GPs were identified by high-frequency stimulation at 20 predetermined sites and ablation of GPs was performed using a selective or an empiric anatomic approach. Ganglionic plexus (GP) activity was then assessed on the contralateral side and ablated. RESULTS Sixty-seven patients underwent MM (45 patients in group 1 and 22 in group 2). Fewer patients with active left GPs (LGP) were noted in group 1 (13, 29%) as compared to group 2 (18, 82%). The number of active LGP was also lower (0.6 ± 1.2) in group 1 compared to group 2 (4.7 ± 2.7); P 0.05). There were no differences in atrial tachyarrhythmia (AT)/AF recurrence rates between groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.21). However, group 1 patients who underwent selective GP ablation alone had higher recurrence rates (P = 0.016). CONCLUSION Mapping and ablation of RGPs first decreased identifiable LGP activity. With selective GP ablation, patients who underwent RGP ablation first had higher AT/AF recurrence.
A needs and requirements elicitation simulation: nifty assignment

Integrating theoretical and practical knowledge is essential for the developing software engineering professional. And, discriminating between "needs" and "requirements" is one such domain. Gaining experience and confidence using observational techniques to conduct needs and requirements elicitation during the analysis phase for software engineering projects is a necessary exercise in any system analysis and design or software engineering course. Elicitation is all about determining the needs of stakeholders and discovering what the user wants; it is considered one of the most critical activities in the software life cycle [1].
Chapter 29 – Premenopausal Reproductive and Hormonal Characteristics and the Risk for Osteoporosis

Publisher Summary This chapter considers the endogenous and exogenous events that are related directly or indirectly to the capacity to reproduce, for their importance to peak bone mass. In mechanisms of bone loss in lactation, the importance of injectable contraceptive, and the role of hormone variation in association with peak bone mass. Pregnancy and lactation are characterized by significant alterations in the maternal hormone environment, notably estrogen and prolactin concentrations. Pregnancy and lactation provide models that can be examined to learn more of the biology associated with the maintenance of bone mass, particularly apart from calcium regulation by the calciotropic hormones. Lactation, in particular, offers the opportunity to understand the dynamics of bone loss as well as bone recovery. In the adult, bone tissue undergoes a continuous remodeling process consisting of periods of bone resorption and formation with maximal bone accretion, thought to occur in the early third decade, followed by relatively stable bone mineral density until the menopause transition. Stochastic models developed by Horsman and Burkinshaw suggested that two-thirds of the risk for fracture is predicted based on premenopausal bone mineral density (BMD). Therefore, in premenopausal women, the primary goal is to maximize or maintain bone mineral density.