cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Are You Experienced or Are You Talented?: When Does Innate Talent versus Experience Explain Entrepreneurial Performance?

We explore whether entrepreneurial performance is due to innate talent or the accumulation of entrepreneurial experience. Using a novel data set with multiple observations of founding attempts per individual, we generate a unique measure of entrepreneurial talent. In contrast to prior findings, the relative importance of experience versus talent changes with the context. When the current market or technology is familiar, experience dominates. However, when the venture context is unfamiliar, talent is more important. Individuals with experience and talent handle both familiar and unfamiliar aspects and may extract more from a given level of experience. The findings advance our understanding of how the drivers of venture performance shift with the broader technological and industry environment and places limits on when experience aids performance. Copyright © 2012 Strategic Management Society.
GENDER DISPARITIES IN CARDIOVASCULAR CARE ACCESS AND DELIVERY IN INDIA: INSIGHTS FROM THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY'S PINNACLE INDIA QUALITY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM (PIQIP)

Limited data are available to assess whether access to and quality of cardiovascular disease (CVD) care are comparable among men and women in India. We analyzed data from the American College of Cardiology's PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence) India Quality Improvement Program (
Using Polarimetry to Determine the CEBAF Beam Energy

As Jefferson Lab begins operations with its upgraded CEBAF a ccelerator, the lab once again needs to experimentally determine the absolute beam energy of the machine. Previously, the CE- BAF beam energy was determined using precision measurement s of the bending magnet integral fields along with beam position information. The result obta ined from this technique was cross- checked with elastic scattering from hydrogen where knowle dge of the scattering angles of the electron and proton allow the beam energy to be determined. Wh ile the field integral method will still work with the upgraded machine, the elastic cross sect ion becomes too small to make preci- sion measurements at angles that are large enough to be easil y accessible; thus a new technique for energy determination has been sought. It will be shown th at by making use of polarimetry, one can use CEBAF’s polarized electrons’ g-2 spin precessio n to determine the absolute beam energy. This can be done in a single hall if the parameters of t he machine, such as the injector energy and linac imbalance, are known or with two halls witho ut any knowledge of the machine parameters
Optimal topology of gene-regulatory networks: role of the average shortest path

Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) possess an important structural property; they are sparse and resilient, with a robust topology that affords protection against random "attacks" (e.g., gene deletions). However, such networks exhibit optimal or near-optimal topological features not present in other scale-free networks. This paper utilizes an integer linear program formulation to gauge the exact structural optimality of scale-free networks measured using the average shortest path between transcription factors and the regulated genes of a gene-regulatory network sampled from the Escherichia coli bacterium. While randomly generated versions of these networks show several cases for improvement, few subnetworks sampled from Escherichia coli's transcriptional network show optimized solutions that differ substantially from their original topology. We therefore conclude that sampled transcriptional subnetworks from Escherichia coli exhibit an "optimal" topology not present in alternative networks. Because these analyses do not consider the biology of expression dynamics and are based on topology alone, other communication systems, such as wireless networks, may benefit from a more detailed examination of the role in which the average shortest path affects system function, such as with noise or other signaling disruptions.
SSD Failures in Datacenters: What, When and Why?

Despite the growing popularity of Solid State Disks (SSDs) in the datacenter, little is known about their reliability characteristics in the field. The little knowledge is mainly vendor supplied, which cannot really help understand how SSD failures can manifest and impact production systems, in order to take appropriate actions. Besides failure data, a detailed characterization requires wide spectrum of data about factors influencing SSD failures, right from provisioning (what models' where and when deployed' etc.) to the operational ones (workloads, read-write intensities, write amplification, etc.). We analyze over half a million SSDs that span multiple generations spread across several datacenters which host a wide range of workloads over nearly 3 years. By studying the diverse set of factors on SSD failures, and their symptoms, our work provides the first look at the what, when and why characteristics of SSD failures in production datacenters.
Contractile properties and protein isoforms of single skeletal muscle fibers from 12- and 30-month-old Fischer 344 brown Norway F1 hybrid rats.

This study characterizes single skeletal muscle fiber contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform compositions from the soleus (SOL) and deep portion of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius (RG) muscles of 12- and 30-month-old Fischer 344 Brown Norway Fl hybrid rats (FBN Fl). Thirty months of age is approximately the age of 50% survival for the FBN Fl rat. For type I MHC individual fibers from the SOL of 30-month-old animals, the diameter was 88±2 xm, peak active force was 4.4±0.2 × 10’ 4 N, peak specific tension (P 0) was 76±5 kWm 2, and maximal unloaded shortening velocity (V 0 ) was 0.98±0.09 fl/s. The type I MHC fibers from the SOL of 12-month-old animals had similar properties with the exception ofP 0 which was 92±4 kN/m 2 and V 0 which was 1.65±0.12 fl/s. Contractile properties of the RG MHC type I fibers were not significantly different from MHC type I fibers from the SOL in both age groups. The V 0 of the RG type IIa MHC fibers from the 12-month animals (4.05±0.36 fl/s) and 30-month animals (3.55±0.41 fl/s) and of fibers co-expressing type I MHC and type IIa MHC from 12-month animals (4.21±0.55 fl/s) and 30-month animals (2.22±0.27 fl/s) were significantly faster than that of MHC type I fibers of the respective age group. In conclusion, skeletal fibers from the 12- and 30-month-old FBN Fl rats demonstrate fiber-type specific properties with a close relationship between the MHC isoform com- position and the V 0.
Population-Based Study of Incidence and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Extraintestinal Escherichia coli Infections in Children in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2012.

Reported cases of antimicrobial-resistant extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are increasing.1 These infections may result in poor outcomes and increased health care costs.2 The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in E coli has increased faster than the development of new antibiotics, leading to a paucity of therapeutic agents for highly antimicrobial-resistant strains. Although the increase in antimicrobial-resistant E coli has been well described in adults, the population level incidence of extraintestinal E coli infections in children, including those caused by antimicrobial-resistant strains, is not known. Therefore, we determined the incidence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of extraintestinal E coli infections in children in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Knowledge of the burden of E coli infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant strains, would support the need for preventive interventions and inform antimicrobial treatment choices.
Spatial asymptotic expansions in the incompressible Euler equation

In this paper we prove that the Euler equation describing the motion of an ideal fluid in $${\mathbb{R}^d}$$ is well-posed in a class of functions allowing spatial asymptotic expansions as $${|x|\to\infty}$$ of any a priori given order. These asymptotic expansions can involve log terms and lead to a family of conservation laws. Typically, the solutions of the Euler equation with rapidly decaying initial data develop non-trivial spatial asymptotic expansions of the type considered here.
Chemopreventive agents modulate the protein expression profile of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone plus benzo[a]pyrene-induced lung tumors in A/J mice

A156 Identification of proteins differentially expressed in lung tumors versus normal lung tissues in animal models could accelerate the discovery of biomarkers for cancer risk, early detection, prognosis, and chemopreventive/therapeutic response. We used a quantitative proteomics approach, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) technology coupled with mass spectrometry, to investigate qualitative and quantitative differences between 4-methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) plus benzo[ a ]pyrene (BaP)-induced lung tumors and that of normal lung tissues from A/J mice. The levels of 75 carcinogenesis-related proteins changed - 37 increased and 38 decreased - in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. Among proteins that showed an increased level are glycolytic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, fatty acid synthase (FAS), L-plastin, cathepsins D and H, cytochrome C, carbonic anhydrase 2, band 3 anion transport protein and prolyl 4-hydroxylase. Proteins with reduced levels in lung tumors versus normal lung tissues included cytochrome P450 enzymes, glutathione S -transferases (GSTs), procollagens, Clara cell 10-kDA protein, histones, receptor advanced glycation end-product (RAGE), and caveolin-1. Dietary administration of a combination of N -acetyl- S -( N -2-phenethylthiocarbamoyl)-L-cysteine (PEITC-NAC) plus myo -inositol (MI) or indole-3-carbinol (I3C) to carcinogen-treated mice modulated the levels of 30 proteins, including six proteins with unaltered levels in tumor tissues versus normal tissues. Of these 30 proteins, the relative abundance of cytochrome C, carbonic anhydrase 2, and band 3 anion transport protein decreased whereas that of histones, GSTs, RAGE, and procollagens I and VI increased. Western analyses of selected proteins confirmed iTRAQ proteomics results and revealed an increased level of hypoxia inducible factor 1α in lung tumor tissues, and cathepsin D and PSPB in serum of tumor-bearing mice. This is the first study on proteins differentially expressed in tumor tissues obtained from a mouse model of lung carcinogenesis and chemoprevention. These proteins may have utility for the development of candidate lung cancer biomarkers and as targets of chemopreventive/chemotherapeutic agents.
The Tyranny of Tests.

Disclaimer This article is full of generalizations, many about student attitudes. Such generalizations, unlike generalizations in mathematics, are not invalidated by the existence of counterexamples. All of us know the joy of teaching those exceptional undergraduates who really want to learn and are stimulated by the beauty and power of the mathematics they are learning. It is these students who give us the conviction that we are, as teachers, doing something thoroughly worthwhile, despite our many failures. 1. INTRODUCTION. I have been distressed for many years by the defects in our methods of evaluating students-at all levels from 3rd grade upwards to graduate students-and have railed especially against the unfortunate effects of over-frequent testing and inappropriate tests, especially multiple-choice and standardized tests. I have not changed my point of view on these issues; but I have come to realize that the ubiquity of intrusive testing, contaminating the learning environment, distorting the curriculum, and undermining the fabric of the teacher-student relationship, springs from a deep malaise in our whole approach to education, and is not to be remedied simply by attempting to improve the quality and relevance of the tests administered and reducing their frequency. Such a superficial approach may be thought of as treating a symptom and leaving the cause of the disease untouched. In this article I would like to develop this thought, and then raise the question of whether any change-any beneficial change, that is-is possible. I will largely confine myself to undergraduate education-principally, of course, in mathematics. 2. THE ROOT CAUSE OF THE PROBLEM. I have often remarked that, in this country, there is a fundamental confusion of education with training. Thus, whereas drivers of lethal automobiles stand in evident need of first-class training, we provide 'driver education'; and whereas teachers stand in evident need of first-class education, we provide 'teacher training.' Indeed, I would now go further and say that, in general, our students-and their parents-only feel comfortable with the presence of a curricular item if it has an evident value for the students'
Tritylation of Alcohols under Mild Conditions without Using Silver Salts

Secondary alcohols were conveniently tritylated under mild conditions within a short running time with tritylium trifluoroacetate generated in situ from trityl alcohols and trifluoroacetic anhydride. No expensive silver salts were needed for the reactions. Four secondary alcohols were tritylated with both mono- and dimethoxy trityl alcohols giving good to excellent isolated yields. The reaction was also tested on four nucleoside derivatives that have primary alcohols. Satisfactory results were also obtained.
Stable phantom-energy wormholes admitting conformal motions

It has been argued that wormholes are as good a prediction of Einstein’s theory as black holes but the theoretical construction requires a reverse strategy, specifying the desired geometric properties of the wormhole and leaving open the determination of the stress–energy tensor. We begin by confirming an earlier result by the author showing that a complete wormhole solution can be obtained by adopting the equation of state p = ωρ and assuming that the wormhole admits a one-parameter group of conformal motions. The main purpose of this paper is to use the assumption of conformal symmetry to show that the wormhole is stable to linearized radial perturbations whenever − 1.5 < ω < −1.
Unlocking Efficient Perovskite-based Light Emitting Devices

We explore the use of metal halide perovskites for light emitting diode (LED) applications. Through improvements in film formation that yield rms roughness 9%.
Amide (A)–thioamide (T) interconversions using Ph3SiSH (A to T) and Ph3SnOH (T to A) reagents

Ph3SiSH transforms amides to thioamides and Ph3SnOH performs the reverse process, with the concomitant formation of Ph3SiOH (or Ph3SiOSiPh3) and Ph3SnSSnPh3, respectively. The chemistry is a delightful illustration of the oxophilicity of silicon compared to the thiophilicity of tin and occurs under relatively mild conditions, and for amide to thioamide transformation requires no amide activation. The chemistry is in accord with available data for Si(S)(O), Sn(O)(S) and C(O)(S) bond energies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intervention unnecessary: bar associations taking sides in regulatory actions

Interest groups participate in the political process in a variety of ways. They can lobby the legislature, interact with elected and administrative executive officials, and participate in litigation either as a litigant or an amicus curiae. But the literature is scarce in exploring how interest groups behave when their stakeholders dissent. This study explores the actions by one interest group, the American Bar Association (ABA), in participating in “notice and comment” rulemaking by the Department of Labor where the ABA did not represent the legal profession. It finds that the ABA engaged in astroturfing, and that their efforts were ignored by the Department. This suggests that astroturfing may not be useful in the notice and comment rulemaking process, because the agency's unitary status allows them to discern the centralized origin of the comments. This finding is confirmed by comparing the ABA's influence on the Supreme Court in Boumediene v. Bush, when it did represent the consensus of the legal profession.
Panda: Neighbor Discovery on a Power Harvesting Budget

Object tracking applications are gaining popularity and will soon utilize energy harvesting (EH) low-power nodes that will consume power mostly for neighbor discovery (ND) (i.e., identifying nodes within communication range). Although ND protocols were developed for sensor networks, the challenges posed by emerging EH low-power transceivers were not addressed . Therefore, we design an ND protocol tailored for the characteristics of a representative EH prototype : the TI eZ430-RF2500-SEH. We present a generalized model of ND accounting for unique prototype characteristics (i.e., energy costs for transmission/reception, and transceiver state switching times/costs). Then, we present the Power Aware ND Asynchronously (Panda) protocol, in which nodes transition between the sleep, receive, and transmit states. We analyze Panda and select its parameters to maximize the ND rate subject to a homogeneous power budget. We also present Panda-D, designed for non-homogeneous EH nodes. We perform extensive testbed evaluations using the prototypes and study various design tradeoffs. We demonstrate a small difference (less than 2%) between experimental and analytical results, thereby confirming the modeling assumptions. Moreover, we show that Panda improves the ND rate by up to $3\times $ compared with related protocols. Finally, we show that Panda-D operates well under non-homogeneous power harvesting.
Nonparametric estimation of first-price auctions with risk-averse bidders

Abstract This paper proposes nonparametric estimators for the bidders’ utility function and density of private values in a first-price sealed-bid auction model with independent valuations. I study a setting with risk-averse bidders and adopt a fully nonparametric approach by not placing any restrictions on the shape of the utility function beyond regularity conditions. I propose a population criterion function that has a unique minimizer, which characterizes the utility function and density of private values. The resulting estimators emerge after replacing the population quantities by sample analogues. These estimators are uniformly consistent and their convergence rates are established. I further suggest an estimator for the optimal reserve price. Monte Carlo experiments show that the proposed estimators perform well in finite samples.
Positive Quantitative Relationship between EMT and Contact-Initiated Sliding on Fiber-like Tracks

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex process by which cells acquire invasive properties that enable escape from the primary tumor. Complete EMT, however, is not required for metastasis: circulating tumor cells exhibit hybrid epithelial-mesenchymal states, and genetic perturbations promoting partial EMT induce metastasis in vivo. An open question is whether and to what extent intermediate stages of EMT promote invasiveness. Here, we investigate this question, building on recent observation of a new invasive property. Migrating cancer cell lines and cells transduced with prometastatic genes slide around other cells on spatially confined, fiberlike micropatterns. We show here that low-dosage/short-duration exposure to transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) induces partial EMT and enables sliding on narrower (26 μm) micropatterns than untreated counterparts (41 μm). High-dosage/long-duration exposure induces more complete EMT, including disrupted cell-cell contacts and reduced E-cadherin expression, and promotes sliding on the narrowest (15 μm) micropatterns. These results identify a direct and quantitative relationship between EMT and cell sliding and show that EMT-associated invasive sliding is progressive, with cells that undergo partial EMT exhibiting intermediate sliding behavior and cells that transition more completely through EMT displaying maximal sliding. Our findings suggest a model in which fiber maturation and EMT work synergistically to promote invasiveness during cancer progression.
New Closed-Form Solutions for Optimal Impulsive Control of Spacecraft Relative Motion

This paper addresses energy-optimal guidance and control of satellite relative motion for formation flying and rendezvous using impulsive maneuvers. To meet the requirements of future multisatellit...
Ultra-low energy systems: Analog to information

Ultra-low power systems and circuits are increasingly pivotal for many fast growing segments of semiconductor industry. A confluence of multiple technologies has brought the promising opportunity for pervasive connectivity of people and things closer than ever. Innovative system partitioning, advances in analog and digital circuit design, modern embedded sensing technologies and intelligent power management are critical to achieve the ambitious ultra-low power targets of the modern sensor nodes. In this review, we address some of the challenges and opportunities of ultra-low power system and circuit design.
Drinfeld orbifold algebras for symmetric groups

Abstract Drinfeld orbifold algebras are a type of deformation of skew group algebras generalizing graded Hecke algebras of interest in representation theory, algebraic combinatorics, and noncommutative geometry. In this article, we classify all Drinfeld orbifold algebras for symmetric groups acting by the natural permutation representation. This provides, for nonabelian groups, infinite families of examples of Drinfeld orbifold algebras that are not graded Hecke algebras. We include explicit descriptions of the maps recording commutator relations and show there is a one-parameter family of such maps supported only on the identity and a three-parameter family of maps supported only on 3-cycles and 5-cycles. Each commutator map must satisfy properties arising from a Poincare–Birkhoff–Witt condition on the algebra, and our analysis of the properties illustrates reduction techniques using orbits of group element factorizations and intersections of fixed point spaces.
Data Structures for Weighted Matching and Extensions to b-matching and f-factors

This article shows the weighted matching problem on general graphs can be solved in time O(n(m + n log n)) for n and m the number of vertices and edges, respectively. This was previously known only for bipartite graphs. The crux is a data structure for blossom creation. It uses a dynamic nearest-common-ancestor algorithm to simplify blossom steps, so they involve only back edges rather than arbitrary nontree edges.The rest of the article presents direct extensions of Edmonds’ blossom algorithm to weighted b-matching and f-factors. Again, the time bound is the one previously known for bipartite graphs: for b-matching the time is O(min lb(V),n log nr(m + n log n)), and for f-factors the time is O(min l f(V), m log nr(m + n log n)), where b(V) and f(V) both denote the sum of all degree constraints. Several immediate applications of the f-factor algorithm are given: The generalized shortest path structure of Reference [19], i.e., the analog of the shortest-paths tree for conservative undirected graphs, is shown to be a version of the blossom structure for f-factors. This structure is found in time O(vNv(m+n log n)) for N, the set of negative edges (0
Automated System for Balance Error Scoring

The Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) test is a commonly used tool for assessing static postural stability after concussion that quantifies compensatory arm, eye and trunk movements. However, since it is scored by clinician observation, it is potentially susceptible to biased and inaccurate test scores. It is further limited by the need for properly trained clinicians to simultaneously administer, score and interpret the test. Such personnel may not always be available when concussion testing is needed such as at amateur sporting events or in military field situations. In response, we are creating a system to automatically administer and score the BESS in field conditions. The system is based on the Microsoft Kinect, which is an inexpensive commodity motion capture system originally developed for gaming applications. The Kinect can be interfaced to a custom-programmed laptop computer in order to quantitatively measure patient posture compensations for preventing balance loss such as degree of hip abduction/flexion, heel lift, eye opening, and hand movement. By (a) removing the need for an adequately trained clinician, (b) improving accuracy, and (c) using rugged off-the-shelf system components, it will be possible to administer better, more accurate concussion assessments outside of standard clinical settings.
DBI from gravity

We study the dynamics of gravitational lumps. By a lump, we mean a metric configuration that asymptotes to a flat space-time. Such lumps emerge in string theory as strong coupling descriptions of D-branes. We provide a physical argument that the broken global symmetries of such a background, generated by certain large diffeomorphisms, constrain the dynamics of localized modes. These modes include the translation zero modes and any localized tensor modes. The constraints we find are gravitational analogues of those found in brane physics. For the example of a Taub-NUT metric in eleven-dimensional supergravity, we argue that a critical value for the electric field arises from standard gravity without higher derivative interactions.
Rearrangement of van der Waals stacking and formation of a singlet state at T = 90 K in a cluster magnet

Insulating Nb3Cl8 is a layered chloride consisting of two-dimensional triangular layers of Seff = 1/2 Nb3Cl13 clusters at room temperature. Magnetic susceptibility measurement show a sharp, hysteretic drop to a temperature independent value below T = 90 K. Specific heat measurements show that the transition is first order, with ΔS ≈ 5 J K−1 mol−1 f.u.−1, and a low temperature T-linear contribution originating from defect spins. Neutron and X-ray diffraction show a lowering of symmetry from trigonal Pm1 to monoclinic C2/m symmetry, with a change in layer stacking from –AB–AB– to –AB′–BC′–CA′– and no observed magnetic order. This lowering of symmetry and rearrangement of successive layers evades geometric magnetic frustration to form a singlet ground state. It is the lowest temperature at which a change in stacking sequence is known to occur in a van der Waals solid, occurs in the absence of orbital degeneracies, and suggests that designer 2-D heterostructures may be able to undergo similar phase transitions.
Radiative transfer dynamo effect

Magnetic fields in rotating and radiating astrophysical plasma can be produced due to a radiative interaction between plasma layers moving relative to each other. The efficiency of current drive, and with it the associated dynamo effect, is considered in a number of limits. It is shown here, however, that predictions for these generated magnetic fields can be significantly higher when kinetic effects, previously neglected, are taken into account.
FAVOURABLE RESULTS FOR TREATMENT OF ANAEROBIC PERIPROSTHETIC KNEE INFECTION

Little information is available regarding the demographic characteristics and outcomes of patients with periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) resulting from anaerobic organisms, especially in the knee joint. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all cases of knee PJI that were treated at our institution during the period from 2005 through 2012. Anaerobes were involved in 11 (13%) of 86 first-time episodes of knee PJI, and peptostreptococcus was the most commonly isolated pathogen (10 [91%] of the 11 episodes). The average age of patients was 70 years (range, 62 to 79) and women were more than men (7 vs. 4) to develop anaerobic PJI. Of the 11 episodes of anaerobic PJI, 8 (73%) were treated with 2-stage revision arthroplasty for chronic latent infection, and 3 (27%) with parenteral antibiotics for positive intraoperative culture. Those treating with 2-stage revision arthroplasty had average 21 months prosthetic age (range, 2 to 41), and 10 weeks interim period between stages (range, 7 to 14). The overall successful rate for treating anaerobic knee PJI was 90%, and 88% for chronic latent infection. naerobic PJI represents a substantial proportion of all occurrences of knee PJI. Treating with resection of the prosthesis and subsequent reimplantation is associated with a favorable outcome for chronic latent infection.
Design and characterization of integrated 2D ABEL trap

Design and characterization of a chip-based electro-optic single-particle trap with feedback-based confinement in two dimensions is demonstrated. Improvements over 1D confinement and integration of nanopores for gated delivery of individual nanoparticles are discussed.
MARCH MADNESS? UNDERREACTION TO HOT AND COLD HANDS IN NCAA BASKETBALL

The hot hand bias is the widely documented bias toward overestimation of positive serial correlation in sequential events. We test for the hot hand bias in a novel realâworld context, the seeding of National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) basketball tournament teams. That is, we examine whether teams that perform relatively well heading into âMarch Madnessâ are seeded too high, and/or teams with poor recent performance are seeded too low. The seeds are determined by a 10âmember committee that only has implicit incentives, but these incentives are still substantial as the committee's decisions are highly scrutinized by the media, fans, and other stakeholders. We find that, contra the hot hand bias, the committee underreacts to signals of momentum heading into the NCAA tournament. Various results indicate this behavior can be attributed to both: (1) inattention to relatively detailed information indicating momentum; and (2) underâappreciation of the predictive value of this information. Betting markets incorporate this information efficiently, but neglect some additional information that is predictive of winning NCAA tournament games but not of beating the spread. We note that the NCAA tournament has been highly popular and lucrative partly due to the âmadnessâ (high frequency of wins by lowerâseeded teams), which the bias we document contributes to, making the persistence of bias less surprising. (JEL D83, L83)
Encoding sensory and motor patterns as time-invariant trajectories in recurrent neural networks

Much of the information the brain processes and stores is temporal in nature-a spoken word or a handwritten signature, for example, is defined by how it unfolds in time. However, it remains unclear how neural circuits encode complex time-varying patterns. We show that by tuning the weights of a recurrent neural network (RNN), it can recognize and then transcribe spoken digits. The model elucidates how neural dynamics in cortical networks may resolve three fundamental challenges: first, encode multiple time-varying sensory and motor patterns as stable neural trajectories; second, generalize across relevant spatial features; third, identify the same stimuli played at different speeds-we show that this temporal invariance emerges because the recurrent dynamics generate neural trajectories with appropriately modulated angular velocities. Together our results generate testable predictions as to how recurrent networks may use different mechanisms to generalize across the relevant spatial and temporal features of complex time-varying stimuli.
Super-resolution in position and velocity estimation for short-range MM-wave radar

Recently developed super-resolution algorithms have demonstrated performance approaching fundamental estimation-theoretic bounds. These algorithms have significant potential for applications such as vehicular situational awareness using low-cost, short-range millimeter wave radar sensors. In this paper, we show that such algorithms can approach single-sensor estimation-theoretic bounds for range and Doppler estimation. We also investigate, under a simple 2D model, the limits of position and radial velocity estimation performance of one shot estimation and provide insights for array design.
Hadronization via Coalescence

We review the quark coalescence model for hadronization in relativistic heavy ion collisions and show how it can explain the observed large baryon to meson ratio at intermediate transverse momentum and scaling of the elliptic flows of identified hadrons. We also show its predictions on higher-order anisotropic flows and discuss how quark coalescence applied to open- and hidden-charm mesons can give insight to charm quark interactions in the quark–gluon plasma and J/Ψ production in heavy ion collisions.
Microscopic polyangiitis: Atypical presentation with extensive small bowel necrosis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, and renal failure

Microscopic polyangiitis is an uncommon systemic vasculitis of varying severity that is associated with myeloperoxidase (MPO) and perinuclear antineutrophil cytoplasmic (p-ANCA) antibodies. The most commonly affected organs are the lungs and kidneys. We report on a very unusual case of microscopic polyangiitis presenting with severe mesenteric ischemia in addition to diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and acute renal failure. The patient was initially diagnosed with acute pancreatitis at an outside facility given his severe abdominal pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes. Further investigations after transfer to our facility determined that the patient was actually suffering from a severe exacerbation of previously diagnosed microscopic polyangiitis. He quickly developed diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) necessitating intubation and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring dialysis. He subsequently developed mesenteric ischemia and bowel necrosis resulting in emergent laparotomy and extensive small bowel resection. Physicians need to be aware that microscopic polyangiitis can very rarely present with severe involvement of the abdominal viscera and mesenteric vessels. Severe disease necessitates the use of high dose IV steroids, rituximab or cyclophosphamide, and plasma exchange (PLEX).
Optimal densification for fast and accurate minwise hashing

Minwise hashing is a fundamental and one of the most successful hashing algorithm in the literature. Recent advances based on the idea of densification (Shrivastava & Li, 2014a;c) have shown that it is possible to compute k minwise hashes, of a vector with d nonzeros, in mere (d + k) computations, a significant improvement over the classical O(dk). These advances have led to an algorithmic improvement in the query complexity of traditional indexing algorithms based on minwise hashing. Unfortunately, the variance of the current densification techniques is unnecessarily high, which leads to significantly poor accuracy compared to vanilla minwise hashing, especially when the data is sparse. In this paper, we provide a novel densification scheme which relies on carefully tailored 2-universal hashes. We show that the proposed scheme is variance-optimal, and without losing the runtime efficiency, it is significantly more accurate than existing densification techniques. As a result, we obtain a significantly efficient hashing scheme which has the same variance and collision probability as minwise hashing. Experimental evaluations on real sparse and high-dimensional datasets validate our claims. We believe that given the significant advantages, our method will replace minwise hashing implementations in practice.
Leveraging Cheminformatics Strategies for Inorganic Discovery: Application to Redox Potential Design

Virtual high throughput screening, typically driven by first-principles, density functional theory calculations, has emerged as a powerful tool for the discovery of new materials. Although the computational materials science community has benefited from open source tools for the rapid structure generation, calculation, and analysis of crystalline inorganic materials, software and strategies to address the unique challenges of inorganic complex discovery have not been as widely available. We present a unified view of our recent developments in the open source molSimplify code for inorganic discovery. Building on our previous efforts in the automated generation of highly accurate inorganic molecular structures, first-principles simulation, and property analysis to accelerate high-throughput screening, we have recently incorporated a neural network that both improves structure generation and predicts electronic properties prior to first-principles calculation. We also provide an overview of how multimillion ...
Epistatic Interactions within the Influenza A Virus Polymerase Complex Mediate Mutagen Resistance and Replication Fidelity

Lethal mutagenesis is a broad-spectrum antiviral strategy that employs mutagenic nucleoside analogs to exploit the high mutation rate and low mutational tolerance of many RNA viruses. Studies of mutagen-resistant viruses have identified determinants of replicative fidelity and the importance of mutation rate to viral population dynamics. We have previously demonstrated the effective lethal mutagenesis of influenza A virus using three nucleoside analogs as well as the virus's high genetic barrier to mutagen resistance. Here, we investigate the mutagen-resistant phenotypes of mutations that were enriched in drug-treated populations. We find that PB1 T123A has higher replicative fitness than the wild type, PR8, and maintains its level of genome production during 5-fluorouracil (2,4-dihydroxy-5-fluoropyrimidine) treatment. Surprisingly, this mutagen-resistant variant also has an increased baseline rate of C-to-U and G-to-A mutations. A second drug-selected mutation, PA T97I, interacts epistatically with PB1 T123A to mediate high-level mutagen resistance, predominantly by limiting the inhibitory effect of nucleosides on polymerase activity. Consistent with the importance of epistatic interactions in the influenza virus polymerase, our data suggest that nucleoside analog resistance and replication fidelity are strain dependent. Two previously identified ribavirin {1-[(2R,3R,4S,5R)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide} resistance mutations, PB1 V43I and PB1 D27N, do not confer drug resistance in the PR8 background, and the PR8-PB1 V43I polymerase exhibits a normal baseline mutation rate. Our results highlight the genetic complexity of the influenza A virus polymerase and demonstrate that increased replicative capacity is a mechanism by which an RNA virus can counter the negative effects of elevated mutation rates. IMPORTANCE RNA viruses exist as genetically diverse populations. This standing genetic diversity gives them the potential to adapt rapidly, evolve resistance to antiviral therapeutics, and evade immune responses. Viral mutants with altered mutation rates or mutational tolerance have provided insights into how genetic diversity arises and how it affects the behavior of RNA viruses. To this end, we identified variants within the polymerase complex of influenza virus that are able to tolerate drug-mediated increases in viral mutation rates. We find that drug resistance is highly dependent on interactions among mutations in the polymerase complex. In contrast to other viruses, influenza virus counters the effect of higher mutation rates primarily by maintaining high levels of genome replication. These findings suggest the importance of maintaining large population sizes for viruses with high mutation rates and show that multiple proteins can affect both mutation rate and genome synthesis.
The Landscape of Type VI Secretion across Human Gut Microbiomes Reveals Its Role in Community Composition.

Summary Although gut microbiome composition is well defined, the mechanisms underlying community assembly remain poorly understood. Bacteroidales possess three genetic architectures (GA1–3) of the type VI secretion system (T6SS), an effector delivery pathway that mediates interbacterial competition. Here we define the distribution and role of GA1–3 in the human gut using metagenomic analysis. We find that adult microbiomes harbor limited effector and cognate immunity genes, suggesting selection for compatibility at the species (GA1 and GA2) and strain (GA3) levels. Bacteroides fragilis GA3 is known to mediate potent inter-strain competition, and we observe GA3 enrichment among strains colonizing infant microbiomes, suggesting competition early in life. Additionally, GA3 is associated with increased Bacteroides abundance, indicating that this system confers an advantage in Bacteroides -rich ecosystems. Collectively, these analyses uncover the prevalence of T6SS-dependent competition and reveal its potential role in shaping human gut microbial composition.
Robust Control of Uncertain Systems by Decentralized Control

Abstract This paper gives a unified presentation of H ∞ control results arising from the properties of an algebraic Riccati operator. An algebraic Riccati inequality provides the basis for H ∞ -norm bound computation for systems designed by various methods, as well as a powerful methodology for designing centralized and decentralized control laws.
Treatment of Focal Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis With Antibiotics

Tous les cas publies jusqu'a present de cette affection rare, surtout chez l'enfant, ont ete traites chirurgicalement par nephrectomie totale ou partielle. Le cas decrit ici concerne un garcon de 12 ans avec une forme localisee a la region moyenne du rein gauche par la tomodensitometrie et dont la biopsie a revele la nature et la colonisation par un staphylocoque dore. Bon resultat du traitement par cefazoline intraveineuse puis cephalexine orale avec un recul de 15 mois. Un suivi a long terme est cependant prevu
Bulk crystalline optomechanics

Control of long-lived, high-frequency phonons using light offers a path towards creating robust quantum links, and could lead to tools for precision metrology with applications to quantum information processing. Optomechanical systems based on bulk acoustic-wave resonators are well suited for this goal in light of their high quality factors, and because they do not suffer from surface interactions as much as their microscale counterparts. However, so far these phonons have been accessible only electromechanically, using piezoelectric interactions. Here, we demonstrate customizable optomechanical coupling to macroscopic phonon modes of a bulk acoustic-wave resonator at cryogenic temperatures. These phonon modes, which are formed by shaping the surfaces of a crystal into a plano-convex phononic resonator, yield appreciable optomechanical coupling rates, providing access to high acoustic quality factors (4.2 × 107) at high phonon frequencies (13 GHz). This simple approach, which uses bulk properties rather than nanostructural control, is appealing for the ability to engineer optomechanical systems at high frequencies that are robust against thermal decoherence. Moreover, we show that this optomechanical system yields a unique form of dispersive symmetry-breaking that enables phonon heating or cooling without an optical cavity. Optomechanical coupling to macroscopic phonon modes of a bulk acoustic-wave resonator is demonstrated, providing access to high acoustics quality factors for phononic modes at high frequencies that are robust to decoherence.
Treatment of Poor Prognosis Nonseminomatous Testicular Cancer with a “High-Dose” Platinum Combination Chemotherapy Regimen

A new intensive four drug combination chemotherapy regimen, termed PVeBV, consisting of cis-platinum, vinblastine, bleomycin, and VP-16, was administered to six previously untreated patients with poor prognosis advanced nonseminomatous testicular cancer and to four patients who had relapsed on primary platinum based regimens. The cis-platinum was administered in 250 ml of 3% saline at twice the dose (40 mg/m2 IV days 1–5 every three weeks) used in other treatment schedules. All six previously untreated patients achieved a complete remission. Four achieved a complete remission with three cycles of PVeBV while the other two patients achieved a complete remission with an additional cycle of cisplatinum and VP-16 at 200 mg/m2 IV × five followed by autologous bone marrow infusion. All four relapsed patients responded to PVeBV (two complete remissions and two partial remissions). There were no deaths associated with PVeBV therapy; however, myelosuppression was severe. There has been no renal toxicity (other than hypomagnesemia) observed with 35 cycles of high-dose platinum therapy in previously untreated patients. These results indicate that PVeBV is a promising chemotherapy regimen for the treatment of poor prognosis testicular cancer patients. Furthermore, it appears that cis-platinum can be administered at higher doses than previously used without an increase in renal toxicity if administered in hypertonic saline. The high-dose cis-platinum schedule, as used in PVeBV, warrants evaluation in other tumors which respond to standard-dose platinum therapy.
Male Breast Carcinoma: An Updated Experience at a Veterans Administration Hospital and Review of the Literature

Ten cases of male breast carcinoma are reviewed. Male patients with breast cancer on the average are 10 years older than females, and they delay twice as long as females after noting a breast mass before seeking medical attention. Because of this patient's delay, male breast cancer tends to be more advanced at the time of diagnosis and initial therapy than female breast cancer.
Static Lensless Random Scattering Imagers via 3D Printing

Computational imagers fundamentally enable new optical hardware through the use of both physical and algorithmic elements. We report on the creation of a static lensless computational imaging system enabled by this paradigm.
The Effect of Nitrate on some Biochemical Parameters of Rabbits and Ameliorate its Effect by Using Vitamin E and Rosemary (Rosmarinus Officinalis)

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of nitrate in the feed of the rabbits on the total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride and urea in serum and to study ameliorate nitrate toxicity by using vitamin E and rosemary. Twenty-eight adult New Zealand rabbits were divided randomly into four groups, Group 1(G 2 ): fed basal ration as a control group. Group 2 (G 2 ): fed ration supplemented with nitrate (168 mg/kg B.W./day), Group 3 (G 3 ): fed ration supplemented with nitrate (168 mg/kg B.W./day) plus vitamin E (100 mg/kg B.W.).Group 4 (G 4 ): fed ration supplemented with nitrate (168 mg/kg B.W./day) plus rosemary (500 mg/kg B.W.). The results showed a significant(P≤0.05) decrease in total protein and globulin in the group that fed nitrate (G 2 ) compared with the control (G 1 )and groups fed a mixture of vitamin E and rosemary with nitrate(G 3 and G 4 ). The cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea concentration showed a significant increase (P≤0.05)in the group that fed nitrate (G 2 ) compared with the control group (G 1 ), whereas the groups that fed vitamin E and rosemary with nitrate(G 3 and G 4 ) showed a significant (P≤0.05) decreased in the parameters measured compared with then itrate fed rabbits (G 2 ). The results illustrated above revealed a remarkable impact of nitrate supplementation causing a significant decrement in protein concentrations along with considerable rise in the cholesterol, triglyceride and blood urea levels which was partially neutralized by vitamin E and rosemary.