cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Properties of Whey Protein Aggregates

Abstract Aggregation of 10% whey protein solution was induced by addition of calcium salt, acidification, or proteolysis at 45°C. Effects of the preaggregation on thermal properties of whey proteins were examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The different types of aggregates had three common effects: 1) one endothermic peak, representing denaturation of whey protein aggregates, instead of two endothermic peaks representing α-lactalbumin and β-lactoglobulin in the control; 2) a narrower range (~10°C) of denaturation temperature than the control (~20°C); and 3) significantly greater enthalpy values (~4 J/g) than the control ( D , T 0 ) of the aggregates were also different from those of α-lactalbumin (67°C) and β-lactoglobulin (76°C) of the control. Aggregates induced by calcium salt (~74°C) and protease (~73°C) had intermediate denaturation temperatures. The pH-induced aggregates had high denaturation temperatures (80 to 91°C) at low pH (3.5 to 5.7). An exothermic peak was detected during calcium salt- or protease-induced aggregation of whey proteins at 45°C. Thus, the pre-aggregation changed thermal properties of whey proteins. This information on thermal properties of the aggregates may help in the design of appropriate heat processing for the application and manufacture of whey protein products.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Amlodipine in Hypertensive Patients with and without Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Recent clinical trials aimed at attenuating complications in diabetes mellitus have generated interest in the impact of drug formulation and altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in diabetes. Specifically, it has been proposed that the diabetic state may alter the pharmacokinetics of several cardiovascular drugs, including some calcium antagonists. The present study investigates the effects of diabetes mellitus on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of amlodipine in hypertensive subjects with and without diabetes mellitus to determine whether the diabetic state alters these parameters. This trial consisted of a 2-week placebo washout phase, a 2-week titration phase, and a 2-week maintenance phase. Study patients included 18 hypertensive patients with type II diabetes mellitus and 10 nondiabetic hypertensive patients. Blood samples were collected after administration of amlodipine and AUC, Cmax, and tmax were determined. The acute 24-hour pharmacodynamic response to amlodipine was assessed by blood pressure and telemetric heart rate measurements. There were no significant differences for either amlodipine 5 or 10 mg in AUC (p = 0.40 for 5 mg; p = 0.59 for 10 mg), Cmax (p = 0.41 for 5 mg; p = 0.45 for 10 mg), and tmax (p = 0.79 for 5 mg; p = 0.67 for 10 mg) between diabetic and nondiabetic hypertensive subjects. Similarly, the 24-hour pharmacodynamic effects of amlodipine on systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and heart rate did not differ between diabetic and nondiabetic subjects as assessed by repeated-measures analysis of variance. Because of the theoretical basis for anticipating that diabetes mellitus may provoke important pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic alterations, our study provides an important database in clearly demonstrating that the diabetic milieu did not alter the pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of amlodipine.
Quality of life assessment and disease experience of patient members of a web-based hydroa vacciniforme support group.

Background/Purpose: Hydroa vacciniforme (HV) is a rare photodermatosis that primarily affects children. It is characterized by photodistributed vesicles that heal with scarring. The purposes of this study are to perform the initial investigation into the effect of HV on quality of life (QoL) and gain insight into disease diagnosis and management. Methods: Using the listserv from a web-based, international HV support group, either the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) or the Children's DLQI (CDLQI), and an HV-specific questionnaire were administered. Results: Fifteen HV patients participated, nine (60%) males and six (40%) females. Median age at onset was 7 years, and 11/15 (73%) were younger than 18 years. The majority of patients were Caucasian (73%). Children cited life quality as being negatively impacted by an inability to play outdoors while adults noted QoL influences due to limitations on clothing choices. The mean CLDLQI and DLQI scores, 12.1 and 8.5, respectively, suggest a higher negative QoL impact than previously reported indices for generalized eczema, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Conclusion: When compared with other dermatoses, HV appears to have an equal or greater impact on patients' QoL. Dermatologists should be aware of the psychosociologic impact of this disease, especially on young HV patients.
Proteobacterial ArfA Peptides Are Synthesized from Non-stop Messenger RNAs

The translation of non-stop mRNA (which lack in-frame stop codons) represents a significant quality control problem for all organisms. In eubacteria, the transfer-messenger RNA (tmRNA) system facilitates recycling of stalled ribosomes from non-stop mRNA in a process termed trans-translation or ribosome rescue. During rescue, the nascent chain is tagged with the tmRNA-encoded ssrA peptide, which promotes polypeptide degradation after release from the stalled ribosome. Escherichia coli possesses an additional ribosome rescue pathway mediated by the ArfA peptide. The E. coli arfA message contains a hairpin structure that is cleaved by RNase III to produce a non-stop transcript. Therefore, ArfA levels are controlled by tmRNA through ssrA-peptide tagging and proteolysis. Here, we examine whether ArfA homologues from other bacteria are also regulated by RNase III and tmRNA. We searched 431 arfA coding sequences for mRNA secondary structures and found that 82.8% of the transcripts contain predicted hairpins in their 3′-coding regions. The arfA hairpins from Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus mirabilis, Vibrio fischeri, and Pasteurella multocida are all cleaved by RNase III as predicted, whereas the hairpin from Neisseria gonorrhoeae functions as an intrinsic transcription terminator to generate non-stop mRNA. Each ArfA homologue is ssrA-tagged and degraded when expressed in wild-type E. coli cells, but accumulates in mutants lacking tmRNA. Together, these findings show that ArfA synthesis from non-stop mRNA is a conserved mechanism to regulate the alternative ribosome rescue pathway. This strategy ensures that ArfA homologues are only deployed when the tmRNA system is incapacitated or overwhelmed by stalled ribosomes.
A New Transformer Equivalent for Power System Modeling

Equivalents for power system transformers vary, among other things, with normalization, change of taps and change of three-phase connection. Also, the 30 degree phase shift of delta-wye banks introduces an "active" equivalent. This variation in mathematical model tends to complicate computer programming as well as theory.
Emotion-Focused Therapy: An Interview with Leslie Greenberg

Over the past 30 years Leslie Greenberg has developed and refined the Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) approach. This therapy model stands apart from other, humanistic-based approaches in its focus on empiricism. In addition, EFT is one of the few therapy models that is truly integrative in nature, combining client-centered, gestalt, and cognitive principles. This paper includes a recent interview with Greenberg in which he describes the development of EFT and his views regarding future directions of EFT, as well as his views on the field of psychotherapy more generally.
Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy of arcjet-deposited cubic boron nitride

Abstract Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was employed to help determine the structure of boron nitride films grown by bias-enhanced chemical vapor deposition in a low-density supersonic arcjet flow. BN films containing 0.90% cubic boron nitride were analyzed by NEXAFS and compared with c-BN and h-BN reference spectra. The mainly cubic films have been shown previously to be nanocrystalline, which leads to the inability to obtain structural information from Raman scattering spectra. However, with NEXAFS, the nanocrystalline nature of the films does not strongly affect the structural interpretation. It is shown that films deposited with a bias of −75 V are primarily sp 3 bonded. This high sp 3 bonding character agrees with previous measrements based on infraredtransmission and reflectance spectroscopy, as well as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.
Response to Letters Regarding Article, “Use and Misuse of the Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve in Risk Prediction”

I am pleased that Pepe et al agree that the C-statistic is not a relevant measure of clinical value despite its use as such in the clinical literature. They remain, however, interested in sensitivity and specificity. It is true that in the high-density lipoprotein example the sensitivity, or probability of inclusion in the highest risk group among cases, improves in the model with high-density lipoprotein, whereas the specificity, or probability of inclusion in the lowest risk group among controls, declines. The model with high-density lipoprotein …
Fine-grained role-based delegation in presence of the hybrid role hierarchy

Delegation of authority is an important process that needs to be captured by any access control model. In role-based access control models, delegation of authority involves delegating roles that a user can assume or the set of permissions that he can acquire, to other users. Several role-based delegation models have been proposed in the literature. However, these models consider delegation in presence of the general hierarchy type. Multiple hierarchy types have been proposed in the context of Generalized Temporal Role-based Access Control (GTRBAC) model, where it has been shown that multiple hierarchy semantics is desirable to express fine-grained access control policies. In this paper, we address role-based delegation schemes in the of hybrid hierarchies and elaborate on fine-grained delegation schemes. In particular, we show that upward delegation, which has been considered as having no practical use, is a desirable feature. Furthermore, we show that accountability must be considered as an important factor during the delegation process. The delegation framework proposed subsumes delegations schemes proposed in earlier role-based delegation models and provide much more fine-grained control of delegation semantics.
Teaching Health Law: What We in Law Can Learn from Our Colleagues in Medicine about Teaching Students How to Practice Their Chosen Profession

This column is based on my personal experience teaching in both United States medical and law schools and is intended to provide an overview of how they each take very different ap­ proaches to what is inherently a very similar task: educating young adults who want to join a specific profes­ sion. It is intended to compare and contrast the two in order to promote better understanding between the two professions and to point out ways in which each might learn from the other. I know that American medi­ cal education is not perfect and do not advocate adopting it wholesale into legal education. I also know that many ofthe teaching techniques used in American medical schools are al­ ready being used in a wide variety of higher-education setting including law schools.l Evidence from teaching conferences sponsored by the Society of American Law Professors (SALT), the listervs on teaching methods and humanizing legal education of the Association ofAmerican Law Schools (AALS), and a review of the literature collectively demonstrate that numer­ ous law professors are committed to incorporating many of the things discussed in this column. Professor Roy Stuckey's Best PracticesforLegal Educationis an outstanding resource that brings together many innovative and effective teaching methods. 2 The literature on clinical legal education and teaching legal research and writ­ ing also suggests innovations analo­ gous to those adopted in medical schools. 3
T- and B-cells in peripheral blood during infectious mononucleosis

values. The presence of lymphocytotoxic antibodies in sera of patients with IM was confirmed. These data suggest that both the T- and B-cell systems are strongly stimulated in patients with IM. Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is an acute, selflimited disease of the reticuloendothelial system, usually diagnosed in children or young adults. Characteristic clinical features include fever, pharyngeal inflammation, generalized lymphadenopathy, lymphocytosis with the appearance of so-called atypical lymphocytes or Downey cells, and a positive heterophile titer. Strong evidence now relates the Epstein-Barr virus to the disease
Challenging Democracy: Ethnicity in Postcolonial Fiji and Trinidad

Fiji and Trinidad are similar in terms of their colonial and postcolonial historical experiences, yet their political outcomes are different. The argument put forth is that constitutional reforms that were adopted by Fiji were unsuccessful because of systemic conditions specific to the country. Sustained by structural features such as land rights and chiefly jurisdiction, and more intangible factors such as cultural identity and nationalism, ethnic identity is the lens through which most public discourse occurs. By contrast, Trinidad does not have these corresponding institutional structures, and the existence of public spaces for the contestation of ethnic identities together with the construction of hybrid identities at the local and national levels have contributed towards political stability.
Biological Considerations in Geotechnical Engineering

The understanding of soil behavior during the last 300 years has centered on mechanical principles, geological processes, and later on, mineralogy and the relevance of colloidal chemistry. More recently, research in biology and earth science has enabled important advances in understanding the crucial involvement of microorganisms in the evolution of the earth, their ubiquitous presence in near surface soils and rocks, and their participation in mediating and facilitating most geochemical reactions. Yet, the effect of biological activity on soil mechanical behavior remains largely underexplored in the geotechnical field. The purposes of this paper are to introduce microbiological concepts, identify and illustrate their potential roles in soils and rocks, and stimulate interest in seeking improved understanding of their importance and potential for advancing the states of knowledge and practice in geotechnical engineering. It is shown that microorganisms play an important part on the formation of many fine grained soils, can alter the behavior of coarse grained soils (including hydraulic conductivity, diffusion and strength), accelerate geochemical reactions by orders of magnitude, promote both weathering and aging, and alter the chemical and mechanical properties of specimens after sampling. While extensive research is needed to delineate the full impact of biomass and biomediated reactions on soil behavior, it is anticipated that a proper understanding of biological principles will lead to improved soil characterization, enhanced understanding of soil behavior, and even alternative geotechnical engineering solutions.
The case against Pascal as a teaching tool

As long as Pascal was merely a vehicle for demonstrating new concepts in programming languages, its utility was unquestioned. However, as Pascal becomes more widely taught in our universities the flaws in this popular language are beginning to produce a new generation of unmaintainable programs. The overuse of global variables dictated by the existence of nested scope is compared to the undisciplined use of the goto statement.
Resonant production of high-transverse-momentum back-to-back gluon jets in pp collisions☆

Abstract We propose the calorimetric study of two-gluon jets arising from inclusive production of 0−+, 0++, and 2++ b b states in hadron-hadron collisions. We predict cross sections of ≈0.2×10−33cm2(≈3 ×10−33cm2) for pp collisions at √s=27GeV(60 GeV). We also calculate the transverse momentum and angular distributions of the jets.
Development of a photon-counting capability for the electron-bombarded far-UV image sensor

We have developed a video signal processing system to detect and store photoevents recorded by a magnetically focused, electron-bombarded CCD (EBCCD) image sensor of the type that flew on the Interstellar Medium Absorption Profile Spectrograph (IMAPS). The EBCCD represents a good alternative to detectors that use microchannel plates: the opaque photocathode is on a solid substrate which leads to a very uniform response with a high quantum efficiency. Our experience with sounding rocket missions has demonstrated that this image sensor can perform well in poor vacuum conditions. Previous uses of the EBCCD on IMAPS missions have worked with video signals that were accumulated in an analog fashion. To make the EBCCD more useful for viewing very faint images in the future, we have recently developed new circuitry to detect photoevents in real time and store them discretely. This photon-counting signal processing mode overcomes the CCD readout noise penalty that accumulates when many successive analog frames are added together. The new circuits also provide for an automatic, accurate subtraction of the CCD dark current pattern.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Visual Disturbances With Focal Progressive Dementing Disease

Symptoms referable to the visual system may be the earliest and most prominent signs of idiopathic dementing disease (Alzheimer's type) despite the lack of objective signs in the eyes or visual system. Three such patients are described. The first patient, who had ultimately proven Alzheimer's disease, initially complained of poor vision and spatial disorientation. Her course was characterized by progressive topographic agnosia during a ten-year period. The second patient first sought ophthalmic consultation for blurring of vision that subsequently progressed during a six-year period to alexia without agraphia and spatial disorientation. The third patient, who had presumed Alzheimer's disease, initially complained of reading difficulties that prompted several ophthalmic consultations. Her problem was initially one of increasing visual agnosia which, together with other perceptive disturbances, gradually deepened during a period of several years.
Natural convection in a vertical channel vented to the ambient through an aperture in the channel wall

Abstract Natural convection in a one-sided-heated, vertical channel in the presence of a vent opening in the unheated wall was studied both experimentally and numerically. The experiments were performed in water ( Pr ≅ 5) for parametric variations of the interwall spacing, vent opening size, vent axial position, and wall-toambient temperature difference (Rayleigh number). For comparison purposes, baseline data were also obtained for unvented channels. The heat transfer data were supplemented by cross-channel temperature distribution measurements and by flow visualization performed using the thymol blue electrochemical technique. The numerical solutions provided information on both the local and average Nusselt numbers, cross-channel temperature profiles, and the rates of fluid flow through the opening at the bottom of the channel and through the vent. Both the experiments and the numerical solutions demonstrated that the average Nusselt numbers for the channel are insensitive to both the vent opening size and the vent axial position, for the range of operating conditions investigated. The numerical solutions showed that although the mass flow rate entering the channel through the opening at the bottom decreases in response to the presence of the vent, the total mass flow rate drawn into the channel is very little affected. The local Nusselt number distributions exhibited sharp, vent-related peaks. Excellent agreement prevailed between the experimentally and numerically determined cross-channel temperature profiles. For certain operating conditions, the flow visualization experiments revealed the existence of a recirculation zone inside the channel, adjacent to the lower edge of the vent opening.
Titan's surface before Cassini

Abstract We review current understanding of Titan's surface, synthesizing a paradigm from Earth-based radar observations and near-infrared surface maps, together with reanalysis of Voyager data and results from published theoretical models. Based on these we suggest that Titan has a varied landscape with a variety of tectonic and erosive features indicative of geologic activity, and an impact crater population reflective of the dense atmosphere.
Which Factors Determine Pain Relief From Spine Radiosurgery in Patients With Spine Metastases?: Results From a Large Single Institution Series

of care that match a patient’s wishes with potential treatment options as well as aiding in symptom management. In addition, Palliative care can provide access to hospice services when aggressive care is no longer realistic. As the very indication for WBRT remains prognostic, here we investigate the integration of palliative care in patients requiring WBRT. Materials/Methods: Patients with a solid malignancy and histologic or radiographic evidence of brain metastases who were referred to our institution between July 2011 and June 2012 were reviewed retrospectively. All patients received WBRT alone. Patient demographics, the number of emergency room visits in the last 6 months of life, and referrals to palliative care (including the referring physician) were evaluated. Results: Ninety-nine patients were diagnosed with brain metastases and treated with WBRT alone. At time of review, 85 had died, 13 were living, and 1 patient was lost to follow-up. 28 of the 85 deceased patients presented to the emergency department 2 times in the last six months of their life. Palliative care referrals were made in 67 patients. Of these referrals, 57% were during an in-patient hospitalization. The median survival after WBRTwas 64 days. The median survival after palliative care referral was 27 days. Only 26 patients were referred to palliative care during WBRT or 1 week before or after WBRT. Only 3% of patients were referred by a Radiation Oncologist. In this cohort, palliative care referral could not be correlated to age, social support, histology, or gender. Conclusions: Patients with brain metastasis requiring WBRT continue to have a predictable dying trajectory regardless of age or histology. Despite objective data to indicate a limited life expectancy, timely referrals to palliative care remain inadequate. The common pattern of care at our institution after WBRT was an acute hospital admission prompting a referral to palliative care by an inpatient service. Palliative care referrals continued to be late in the dying process and were infrequently placed by the primary oncologists. Brain metastases requiring WBRT can be used as objective criteria for the primary oncologist to engage in end of life discussions and involve palliative care services sooner. Author Disclosure: M.J. Stavas: None. K.O. Arneson: None. J.M. Friedman: None. S. Misra: None.
Local microstructural modification in dynamically consolidated metal powders

Powders of 4330V steel, aluminum-6 pct silicon, and copper have been dynamically consolidated under well-characterized conditions using shock waves. Different regions in the final microstructures correlate well with the shock conditions during compaction, demonstrating the importance of the shock history in determining the final microstructure. Martensite is observed to form locally at powder particle surfaces in compacts of 4330V steel, and interparticle melting and rapid re-solidification are observed in compacts of aluminum-6 pct silicon. Microprobe analyses of locally melted regions in the aluminum alloy indicate a homogeneous distribution of 6 pct silicon, well above the maximum equilibrium solid solubility. Comparison with the structure of “splat caps,” found in the starting powder, suggests that locally melted regions experience a cooling rate comparable to that obtained in splat quenching. The extent of martensite formation and local melting are in good agreement with current models for energy deposition at powder particle surfaces during consolidation. The general implications of the analysis and observations are discussed.
The role of functional neuroimaging in exploring the overlap between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder

In light of the recent discussions of possible diagnostic overlap between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder, we explored the neuroimaging literature to determine if findings from this literature might illuminate the issue of overlap between the two diagnoses. We looked at studies of executive functions and emotion-related functions. Although similar brain areas have been explored in each population and several findings are suggestive of overlap, as well as differences between the two disorders, conclusions are limited because of the lack of studies that employed the exact same paradigm in the two patient groups. The authors suggest methods for conducting future neuroimaging research that may better clarify some of these issues of possible diagnostic overlap.
Osteopontin expression in acute immune response mediates hippocampal synaptogenesis and adaptive outcome following cortical brain injury.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces axotomy, deafferentation and reactive synaptogenesis. Inflammation influences synaptic repair, and the novel brain cytokine osteopontin (OPN) has potential to support axon regeneration through exposure of its integrin receptor binding sites. This study explored whether OPN secretion and proteolysis by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) mediate the initial degenerative phase of synaptogenesis, targeting reactive neuroglia to affect successful repair. Adult rats received unilateral entorhinal cortex lesion (UEC) modeling adaptive synaptic plasticity. Over the first week postinjury, hippocampal OPN protein and mRNA were assayed and histology was performed. At 1–2 d, OPN protein increased up to 51 fold, and was localized within activated, mobilized glia. OPN transcript also increased over 50 fold, predominantly within reactive microglia. OPN fragments known to be derived from MMP proteolysis were elevated at 1 d, consistent with prior reports of UEC glial activation and enzyme production. Postinjury minocycline immunosuppression attenuated MMP-9 gelatinase activity, which was correlated with the reduction of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (LCN2) expression, and reduced OPN fragment generation. The antibiotic also attenuated removal of synapsin-1 positive axons from the deafferented zone. OPN KO mice subjected to UEC had similar reduction of hippocampal MMP-9 activity, as well as lower synapsin-1 breakdown over the deafferented zone. MAP1B and N-cadherin, surrogates of cytoarchitecture and synaptic adhesion, were not affected. OPN KO mice with UEC exhibited time dependent cognitive deficits during the synaptogenic phase of recovery. This study demonstrates that OPN can mediate immune response during TBI synaptic repair, positively influencing synapse reorganization and functional recovery.
Infinite injective transformations whose centralizers have simple structure

For an infinite set X, denote by Γ(X) the semigroup of all injective mappings from X to X under function composition. For α ∈ Γ(X), let C(α) = {β ∈ g/g(X): αβ = βα} be the centralizer of α in Γ(X). The aim of this paper is to determine those elements of Γ(X) whose centralizers have simple structure. We find α ∈ (X) such that various Green's relations in C(α) coincide, characterize α ∈ Γ(X) such that the % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagaart1ev2aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbbjxAHX % garmWu51MyVXgaruWqVvNCPvMCG4uz3bqefqvATv2CG4uz3bIuV1wy % Ubqee0evGueE0jxyaibaieYdh9Lrpeeu0dXdh9vqqj-hEeeu0xXdbb % a9frpm0db9Lqpepeea0xd9q8as0-LqLs-Jirpepeea0-as0Fb9pgea % 0lrP0xe9Fve9Fve9qapdbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaaeaqbaaGcba % Wefv3ySLgznfgDOfdaryqr1ngBPrginfgDObYtUvgaiyaacqWFjeVs % aaa!46C9! $$ \mathcal{J} $$ -classes of C(α) form a chain, and describe Green's relations in C(α) for α with so-called finite ray-cycle decomposition. If α is a permutation, we also find the structure of C(α) in terms of direct and wreath products of familiar semigroups.
A Review and Critique of Van Maanen and Schein's "Toward a Theory of Organizational Socialization" and Implications for Human Resource Development

As organizations struggle to meet the demands of a changing economy, they also struggle to maintain their core essences, or cultures, which have facilitated their successes to date. Over time, organizations must incorporate new members into this journey. It is this process of incorporation, or socialization, of new members into the organization that is the topic of this discussion. This article reviews the theory of organizational socialization as presented by Van Maanen and Schein in their 1979 article “Toward a Theory of Organizational Socialization, ” critiquing its stage of theoretical development using Robert Dubin’s eight-stage theory-building research methodology. The diverseness of thought on subsequent theoretical works and the fragmentation of subsequent empirical works that build on Van Maanen and Schein indicate that there is an immediate opportunity for the field of human resource development to refine this theory.
Abstract 2320: A multi-domain fusion molecule inhibits tumor growth affectingin-vivoangiogenesis

Growth of solid tumors beyond their benign size largely depends on the availability of oxygen and food supply which is accomplished through induced tumor angiogenesis. Inhibition of such de novo angiogenesis should aid in arresting the growth of solid tumors. Besides availability of several monoclonal antibodies and synthetic inhibitors for target molecules that induce tumor angiogenesis, endogenous antiangiogenic molecules are effective candidates with no drug resistance. Several endogenous angioinhibitors have been identified and were proven to inhibit tumor angiogenesis both in-vitro and in-vivo. However, many of them exhibited varied effects in inhibiting tumor growth with multiple mechanism(s) of action. Thus in our present study we developed a fusion antiangiogenic molecule “Combostatin” using the functional domains from two of the known antiangiogenic molecules reported by us. Here we show that Combostatin is an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis and inhibits tumor growth in-vitro and in-vivo. We also show that Combostatin affects several of the antiangiogenic pathways such as endothelial cell proliferation, migration and tube formation which are mediated by its binding to several integrin receptors on the endothelial cell surface. Our studies conclude that Combostatin is a more potent inhibitor of tumor angiogenesis than its parent molecules generated form type IV and Type XVIII collagen. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2320. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2320
A Comparison of Three Alcohol Instruction Programs on the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Drinking Behaviors of College Students.

In this study, the effects of three educational methodologies (implicit instruction, explicit instruction, and values clarification instruction) were investigated. Each treatment was administered over four 50-minute class sessions to students attending general college-level health classes. Pretest, posttest, and followup data were collected via a self-reported questionnaire designed to assess the subjects' knowledge levels regarding beverage alcohol, attitudes toward alcohol, drinking behaviors, and intended drinking behaviors.Analysis of the data revealed that all treatment groups reported significantly higher knowledge scores than did the control group, but only the explicit instruction treatment was able to produce any changes in attitudes or behavior. The only significant change reported for drinking intentions was a deterioration in reported intentions within the control group.
Estimating the average carbon chain length of saturated fatty acid esters by infrared spectroscopy

The average carbon chain length of saturated fatty acid esters can be determined by comparing absorption intensities in the 3.3 and 5.75 μ infrared regions. Data are presented for triglycerides, monoglycerides, and methyl esters. The method was used to follow the fractionation of hydrogenated milk fat from acetone, and the average values for fatty acid chain length were in good agreement with those obtained by gas chromatographic methyl ester analysis. The I.R. method is particularly applicable when only a few mg of sample is available and the material being fractionated contains both long and short chain saturated fatty acids.
Linkage of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis to the type II keratin gene cluster on chromosome 12q.

Linkage of epidermolytic hyperkeratosis to the type II keratin gene cluster on chromosome 12q
Estrogen-induced keratinocyte growth factor mRNA expression in normal and cancerous human breast cells.

The local recurrence rate of breast cancer has been reported to be unusually high at the surgical scar. Such breast cancer recurrence is believed to be triggered by the release of growth factors into the healing wound. Observations from an animal model have also demonstrated that KGF expression is dramatically induced by creation of full thickness wounds in mouse skin. Since KGF is an epithelial cell-specific mitogen in rat mammary epithelium, it is reasonable to speculate that KGF may be also involved in regulating human breast cancer cell growth. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of estradiol-17β on KGF gene expression in normal human breast stromal cells, as well as in human breast cancer stromal cells, and the mechanisms by which estradiol-17β regulates breast epithelial proliferation. Our results show that KGF expression was not effected by estradiol-17β treatment in normal human breast stromal cells. In contrast, KGF expression was stimulated by estradiol-17β in human breast cancer stromal cells. KGF mRNA levels have also been examined in normal human breast stromal cells and human breast cancer stromal cells. An interesting correlation was found between KGF expression and estradiol-17β regulation in these cell types. Normal human breast stromal cells which do not response to estradiol-17β have lower KGF mRNA level than the cancer cells which KGF expression is stimulated by estradiol-17β. Our data also demonstrate that recombinant human KGF significantly stimulate normal human breast and human breast cancer epithelial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Since we have shown that estradiol-17β induces KGF mRNA expression in human breast cancer stromal cells, KGF may be involved at least in part in the stimulatory pathway that is initiated by estradiol-178 in human breast cancer epithelial cells.
Development of Quantum Dot Mediated Cell Image Deformetry for Microscale Tissue Deformation Measurement

Since biological tissues are composed of cells, extracellular matrix, and interstitial fluid, freezing of biological tissues induces complex cell-fluid-matrix interaction. Quantitative understanding of this cell-fluid-matrix interaction is crucial to the design and optimization of a wide variety of cryomedicine applications. However, quantitative measurement of the interaction is extremely challenging due to the lack of reliable non-invasive measurement techniques during freezing and thawing. In the present study, a new measurement technique was developed to dynamically measure microscale tissue deformation during freezing/thawing and its feasibility was demonstrated. In this method, which is named “Cell Image Deformetry” (CID), engineered tissues with pre-labeled cells with quantum dots are imaged under a fluorescence microscope. Then, the tissue deformation is evaluated by cross-correlating cell locations between sequential microscopic images with known time intervals based on the particle image velocimetry (PIV) data processing technique.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Cutaneous Histiocytosis Syndromes

Cutaneous histiocytosis may take two principal forms. It is either a benign proliferative process or a relentless, progressive process with a poor prognosis. In histiocytic medullary reticulosis, histiocytes demonstrate nuclear atypia and the outcome is uniformly fatal. Benign cephalic histiocytosis X causes lesions similar to those of histiocytosis X, but Langerhans' cells are absent. In congenital self-healing histiocytosis X, the Letterer-Siwe-like cutaneous infiltrate contains Langerhans' cells, but the lesions heal spontaneously without treatment. The nodular cutaneous lesions of juvenile xanthogranuloma appear in infancy and resolve without treatment; however, the higher percentage (10%) of associated ocular lesions may lead to glaucoma and blindness. In histiocytosis X, the cutaneous lesions show a marked proliferation of Langerhans' cells, with prognosis dependent on the patient's age and the extent of organ dysfunction. Patients who survive the acute form of the disease may develop diabetes insipidus, growth retardation, pulmonary fibrosis, and biliary cirrhosis. A subtle immunologic defect has been identified in patients with histiocytosis X, yet the pathogenesis of the disease is still speculative. Familial disease occurring in early infancy should be differentiated from complete or partial immunodeficiency syndromes. Guidelines for evaluating patients with cutaneous histiocytosis are reviewed.
Oxygen Transport in Low Cardiac Output States

T HE TRANSPORT of oxygen (0,) from the environment to the cells of the body tissues depends on the capability of three organ systems.“’ The lungs must be able to take up 0, from the environment and add,it to venous blood in order to maintain arterial O2 concentration at acceptable levels. The blood must be able to bind and release OZ. The circulatory system must be able to maintain adequate tissue blood flow. These three systems act together in an integrated fashion to adapt, both acutely and chronically, to changes in tissue O2 demands by altering O2 delivery. In addition, each organ system may act individually in a compensatory fashion to make up for deficiencies in O2 delivery should either of the other systems fail.3 It is the aim of this review to focus specifically on disruptions in 0, delivery consequent to limitations in blood flow. We first discuss the experimental observations that have described the local and systemic responses and metabolic consequences of a low cardiac output and then try to relate these findings to the understanding of patients with inadequate systemic perfusion.
Unified GN&C system for the Space Rapid Transit launch vehicle

This paper presents the overall design of a guidance, navigation and control system for a novel two-stage to orbit launch vehicle. The Space Rapid Transit, or SRT, is being designed by Princeton Satellite Systems to address the most critical needs of the United States space program: namely the rapid, safe and economic delivery of payloads and astronauts into low Earth orbit. The launch of the vehicle progresses through four phases: 1) atmospheric ight with the aid of a ferry stage, 2) a boost phase to LEO, 3) orbit acquisition and rendezvous, and nally 4) reentry and gliding landing. In order to achieve accurate orbit insertion, the ferry stage must rst deliver the orbiter to a precise position and velocity at the correct time. Non-linear dynamic inversion techniques are used to design a guidance law for the powered ight phase. The boost phase uses a gimbaled main engine with classical feedback control to zero the disturbance torque. Once in orbit, the reaction control system utilizes 16 thrusters to perform attitude maneuvers and small orbit maneuvers for rendezvous. Relative orbit guidance is then performed by formulating a robust linear program that plans minimum-fuel maneuvers to achieve target states subject to avoidance constraints and initial state uncertainty. Another linear program is used with weighted slack variables to allocate pulsewidths to the thrusters so that the force and torque demands for orbit and attitude control are achieved as closely as possible, subject to the maximum thrust constraints. The overall design of the guidance and control systems for all ight phases is presented along with preliminary simulation results.
A Few Casual Observations on the Current Job Situation in the Field of Religion A Lamentation

Since there are not many teaching vacancies in the field of religion at present, many recent Ph.D.s have thought they should announce their availability to those few schools with openings more aggressively than has been necessary in the past. But once the decision has been made to advertize their existence to prospective employers, the question often flits across their worried brows: "How?" One obvious method is to attend the
RADIATIONLESS DEACTIVATION AND FLUORESCENCE OF SELECTED PYRIDONES

— Numerous 3-position derivatives of 2-hydroxy pyridine, also known as 2-pyridone, were synthesized and their optical absorption and fluorescence spectra examined. The quantum yield of emission varied from near zero to near unity depending on the kind of substitution made and the solvent. Data are presented that argue for the π-π* nature of the first excited state in all cases. It was concluded that intramolecular hydrogen bonding controls the extent of internal conversion and hence the amount of fluorescence. It is proposed that this hydrogen bonding suppresses the low energy out of plane vibrations necessary for internal conversion as required by the proximity effect. From studies of the temperature dependence of the emissions, it appeared that the energy separation of the first two excited states, in all cases ˜12.6 ± 2 kJ/mol (3000 ± 500 cal/mol), is not correlated to the extent of relaxation
Cell cycle synchrony in the developing chicken lens epithelium

Abstract Synchronous oscillations of DNA synthesis and histone 2B mRNA expression occur during normal development of 13-to 16-day-old embryonic chicken lens epithelium. At least four cycles were observed with peak values of DNA synthesis and histone 2B mRNA 5 to 10 times greater than baseline values. Fourier analysis of DNA synthesis identified a statistically significant oscillatory period of 18 hr, the approximate length of the cell cycle at this age. Minor components of 7–9 and 12 hr were also identified in the data sets. Lenses labeled with 3H-thymidine and analyzed by autoradiography at 13.8 days of embryogenesis revealed more than twice the number of labeled nuclei at this time than in lenses labeled 9 hr later; histone 2B mRNA followed this same pattern. These findings demonstrate that a significant population of cells is synchronized with respect to the cell cycle in the developing lens epithelium in ovo. The temporal pattern of mitosis may be the basis of the fiber cell architecture and consequent lens transparency.
Clinical interventions and smoking ban methods to reduce infants' and children's exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a serious health threat to infants and children. Clinical efforts, primarily educational, have been associated with modest improvements in ETS reduction. Smoking bans may provide a much larger impact but have yet to be systematically evaluated. Home smoking bans are also surrounded by social, economic, legal, and political challenges. Nurses, as health care pro-viders, play a critical role in this comprehensive health promotion effort.
Dynamics of mean and subtidal flow on the New England shelf

[1] Current and hydrographic observations from the Coastal Mixing and Optics experiment moored array, deployed from August 1996 through June 1997, are used to describe the velocity variability and evaluate the dynamics of circulation over the New England shelf on timescales ranging from a few days to several months. Subtidal (days to weeks) current variability was polarized along-isobath and dominated by episodic bursts of westward flow. The along-isobath subtidal flow was primarily geostrophic and barotropic, and was correlated with large-scale along-coast wind stress fluctuations oriented 45°T (65° counterclockwise from the local isobath orientation). Subtidal near-surface ageostrophic transport matched estimates of wind-driven Ekman transport; however, near-bottom ageostrophic transport was much larger than estimates of Ekman transport from bottom stress. Low-frequency (monthly and longer timescales) flow was generally westward and off-shelf at all sites and depths, with the strongest westward flow during the fall. Low-frequency along-isobath currents were primarily geostrophic with baroclinic and barotropic components of similar magnitude. Depth-averaged ageostrophic transport was quantitatively consistent with Ekman transport from wind and bottom stress. Measured bottom stress at both subtidal and low-frequency timescales was weak, nearly an order of magnitude smaller than the wind stress. Low-frequency fluctuations in the predominantly geostrophic along-isobath flow were attributable to variations in the cross-shelf density field associated with the seasonal cycle in surface heating. During the fall, thermal wind shear was strongest, because the cross-isobath temperature gradient was acting in concert with the persistent cross-isobath salinity gradient to enhance the cross-isobath density gradient (i.e., warmer and fresher water inshore). During the winter, in response to surface cooling, the cross-isobath temperature gradient reversed sign, reducing the cross-isobath density gradient (i.e., cooler and fresher water inshore).
Ratio of n−6 to n−3 fatty acids and bone mineral density in older adults: the Rancho Bernardo Study

Background: Several lines of evidence suggest that n-3 fatty acids reduce the risk of some chronic diseases, including heart disease, diabetes, and cancer. Other research, mainly in animals, also suggests a role in bone health. Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between the ratio of dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids and bone mineral density (BMD) in 1532 community-dwelling men and women aged 45-90 y. Design: Between 1988 and 1992, dietary data were obtained through self-administered food-frequency questionnaires, and BMD was measured at the hip and spine with the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. A medical history was obtained and current medication use was validated. Age- and multiple-adjusted linear regression analyses were performed. Results: There was a significant inverse association between the ratio of dietary linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid and BMD at the hip in 642 men, 564 women not using hormone therapy, and 326 women using hormone therapy; these results were independent of age, body mass index, and lifestyle factors. An increasing ratio of total dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acids was also significantly and independently associated with lower BMD at the hip in all women and at the spine in women not using hormone therapy. Conclusions: A higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids is associated with lower BMD at the hip in both sexes. These findings suggest that the relative amounts of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids may play a vital role in preserving skeletal integrity in older age.