cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Novel antitumor effect of estradiol in athymic Mice injected with a T47D breast cancer cell line overexpressing protein kinase Cα

Purpose: Resistance to tamoxifen (TAM) represents a significant challenge to the management of breast cancer. We previously reported that the estrogen receptor (ER)-negative hormone-independent T47D:C42 cell line has both elevated protein kinase Cα (PKCα) protein expression and basal activator protein-1 activity compared with the parental ER+ (hormone-dependent) T47D:A18 cell line. Stable transfection of PKCα to the T47D:A18 breast cancer cell line results in increased basal activator protein-1 activity, reduced ER function, increased proliferation rate, and hormone-independent growth (Tonetti et al. , Br. J. Cancer, 83: 782–791, 2000). In this report, we further characterize the role of PKCα overexpression in vivo to elucidate a possible molecular mechanism of tamoxifen resistance. Experimental Design: To determine whether the T47D:A18/PKCα cell line would produce hormone-independent tumors in athymic mice, we injected T47D:A18, T47D:A18/neo, or the T47D:A18/PKCα20 cell clones bilaterally into the mammary fat pads of athymic mice. Tumor growth was evaluated following treatment with estradiol (E2), TAM, and the pure antiestrogen, ICI 182,780. Results: Mice receiving either T47D:A18 or T47D:A18/neo cells produced tumors that grew in response to E2 treatment, whereas the untreated control and TAM-treated groups showed no tumor growth. Interestingly, mice receiving the T47D:A18/PKCα20 clone produced tumors in both the control and TAM groups, whereas tumor growth was inhibited in mice treated with E2. PKCα was also overexpressed in an MCF-7 tumor model that also exhibited TAM-stimulated and E2-induced regression. Conclusions: These results suggest that overexpression of PKCα in breast tumors results in hormone-independent tumor growth that cannot be inhibited by TAM treatment. Furthermore, the finding that E2 has an antitumor effect on breast tumors overexpressing PKCα is a novel observation that may have important therapeutic implications.
Isolation and Structure of the Drosophila Corazonin Gene

A recombinant DNA clone containing the corazonin gene was isolated from a genomic library of Drosophila melanogaster. Its nucleotide sequence predicts a preprocorazonin consisting of an 19 amino acid putative signal peptide, the 11 amino acid corazonin sequence, a Gly used for amidation, a Lys-Arg proteolytic processing site, and a 39 amino acid corazonin-precursor-related peptide (CPRP). CPRP has an internal Arg-Arg sequence and thus could possibly be further processed into a tripeptide and a 34-mer. Neither CPRP or its possible products are structurally related to any known neuropeptide, and their physiological function is unknown. The structure of the predicted preprocorazonin is remarkably similar to the preprohormone of adipokinetic hormone, which suggests that corazonin and adipokinetic hormone have a common evolutionary origin.
COMPOSITION AND STABILITY OF SOME METAL-5-SULPHOSALICYLATE COMPLEXES

Abstract The 5-sulphosalicylate complexes of Al(III), Cr(III), U(VI), Ni(II), Co(II) and Mn(II) have been investigated by the potentiometric method. The Al(III)- and U(VI)-5-sulphosalicylate systems were also investigated spectrophotometrically. It was found that Al(III) forms 1 : 1, 1 : 2 and 1 : 3 complexes at pH values of 3·8, 5·5 and 8·6, respectively and that U(VI) forms 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes at pH values of 4·5 and 7·5, respectively. The stability constants for Be(II)- and Cu(II)-5-sulphosalicylate complexes have been recalculated. The log κ values found by the potentiometric method for the step-wise stability constants are as follows: Al, 13·20, 9·63, 6·06; Cr, 9·56; U, 11·14, 8·06; Ni, 6·42, 3·82; Co, 6·13, 3·69; Mn, 5·24, 3·00; Be, 11·71, 9·10; Cu, 9·52, 6·93.
An interactive command generating facility

A facility to permit conversationally controlled tasks to be executed in a noninteractive environment is proposed. A means by which programs can generate interactive time-sharing commands and receive the corresponding output response is presented. The commands will be invoked as if they had been typed at a console keyboard. It is argued that this facility will help overcome some of the current limitations in man-computer communication.A set of functions to accomplish the above which could be embedded into any string processing language is suggested, and necessary information pertinent to implementation of the facility on existing time-sharing systems is given.
Diamond-Blackfan Syndrome: Evidence for T-Cell Mediated Suppression of Erythroid Development and a Serum Blocking Factor Associated with Remission

Diamond-Blackfan syndrome may be a disorder of cellular immunity. Lymphocytes from some patients are capable of suppressing erythropoiesis in cultures of normal bone marrow. We studied two adults with this disorder, both in complete unmaintained remission, using a technique for cloning peripheral blood erythroid precursors (BFU-E) in culture. The BFU-E may be early, erythropoietin sensitive, erythroid committed stem cell. Under culture conditions, which employ fetal calf serum, neither patients cells formed normal numbers of erythroid colonies. Controls yielded 15.3 +/- 5.2 BFU-E/2.5 X 10(5) mononuclear cells. Culture of patients cells using autologous serum, promoted more normal growth of BFU-E (21.4 +/- 6.9 and 7.3 +/- 2.3 BFU-E/2.5 X 10(5) cells). Patient mononuclear cells, cocultured normal cells, generally suppressed BFU-E generation. Cocultures of normals were not inhibitory. Removal of T-lymphocytes from patient mononuclear cells permitted normal growth of BFU-E in coculture with controls. T-cells depleted Diamond-Blackfan mononuclear cells showed BFU-E formation in fetal calf and autologous serum. Diamond-Blackfan T-cells inhibited BFU-E formation by normal mononuclear cells. The cellular defect in Diamond-Blackfan syndrome persists during complete remission and may be mediated by lymphocytes. The development of a serum factor which blocks the suppressive effects on erythroid precursors of a subpopulation of autologous T-cells may be responsible for the development of remission in our patients.
Conservation of s-Channel Helicity in ρ 0 Photoproduction

An analysis was made of the decay angular distribution of rho mesons produced via $\ensuremath{\gamma}p\ensuremath{\rightarrow}p{\ensuremath{\rho}}^{0}$ by linearly polarized photons at 2.8 and 4.7 GeV. The reaction proceeds almost completely through natural-parity exchange, the contribution from unnatural-parity exchange for momentum transfers $|t|l1$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$ being (3.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.2)% at 2.8 GeV and (-1.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.9)% at 4.7 GeV. The behavior of the density-matrix elements shows that the rho-production mechanism conserves $s$-channel c.m. system helicity for $|t|l0.4$ Ge${\mathrm{V}}^{2}$.
Electronic Transition Moments of 1,3,2-Benzodiazaboroline (‘External’ Bn Indole) and ‘Fused’ Bn Indole, Containing the 1,2-Dihydro-1,2-Azaborine Core

The biological importance of tryptophan as an amino acid, an essential metabolite, and a precursor to biosynthetic pathways cannot be overstated. As such, the photo-physical properties of tryptophan are of great interest for spectroscopic studies to probe the local interactions between bio-molecular residues in proteins and macromolecular complexes. Although tryptophan is intrinsically fluorescent, it is often difficult to isolate its signal from background and scattered excitation light. Here we investigate the electronic structure of a tryptophan analogue with distinct optical properties that can potentially be used as a tryptophan substitute in many biological contexts. Boron-Nitrogen/Carbon=Carbon isosterism of indole-based structures provide a class of boron containing indole derivatives, which exhibit distinct electronic characteristics. We studied the orientations and magnitudes of the electric dipole transition moments (EDTMs) of 1,3,2-benzodiazaboroline (‘external’ BN indole) and 'fused' BN indole, containing the 1,2-dihydro-1,2-azaborine core. A combination of absorbance spectroscopy, ultraviolet linear dichroism (UV-LD), infrared linear dichroism (IR-LD) and quantum chemical calculations provided the means to assign two EDTMs for the external BN, and two EDTMs for the fused BN indole within the 30,000-70,000 cm-1 spectral range. We constructed an excited state model for each molecule utilizing Density-Functional Theory for the lowest ground state equilibrium geometry with a single point first-excited state, using BL3YP and ωB79X. The theoretical predictions for low-energy transition orientations are in good agreement with our experiment data.
Cinematic Landscapes of Teaching: Lessons from a Narrative of Classic Film

Abstract The purpose of this inquiry was to utilize the concept of “landscapes of teaching” in the analysis of a classic film about a venerated teacher, Goodbye, Mr. Chips (1939). First, the aim of the analysis is to provide insights into teacher development and to discuss the sacred and mystical dimensions of teaching (Craig, 1995). Second, the analysis of teaching as a profession portrayed in this vintage film and the role of teachers as guardians of a society's culture provides insights about the enduring value of the teaching profession. Considering the current criticism of teachers and teacher educators, this film analysis and discussion serves as a much needed and inspiring reminder of our role and responsibilities. The utilization of the work of Connelly and Clandinin's (1996) notion of “landscapes” and of the suggested use of a teaching strategy of the film analysis offers a fine complement to the lecture approach often used in teacher education as well as a tool for those of us who use constructi...
Persistent spectral hole burning studies of F2 color center in lithium fluoride

Abstract Color centers were produced in lithium fluoride (LiF) single crystal by gamma rays. Low-resolution transmission and emission measurements of LiF revealed several zero-phonon transitions. High-resolution excitation spectrum revealed three closely spaced zero-phonon lines at 601 nm belonging to different sites. F2 center is the dominant site. Optical hole burning studies were performed in all these sites. Hole kinetics are performed as a function of temperature, laser power and time. We have demonstrated experimentally the production of light-induced centers.
POSS: efficient nonlinear optimization for parameterization methods

We propose a new, generic method called POSS (Parameterization by Optimization in Spectral Space) to efficiently obtain parameterizations with low distortions for 3D surface meshes. Given a mesh, first we compute a valid initial parameterization using an available method and then express the optimal solution as a linear combination of the initial parameterization and an unknown displacement term. The displacement term is approximated by a linear combination of the eigenvectors with the smallest eigenvalues of a mesh Laplacian. This approximation considerably reduces the number of unknowns while minimizing the deviation from the optimality. Finally, we find a valid parameterization with low distortion using a standard constrained nonlinear optimization procedure. POSS is fast, flexible, generic, and hierarchical. Its advantage has been confirmed by its application to planar parameterizations of surface meshes that represent complex human cortical surfaces. This method has a promising potential to improve the efficiency of all parameterization techniques which involve constrained nonlinear optimization.
Interleukin-10 regulates fetal extracellular matrix hyaluronan production.

Background/Purpose Mid-gestational (E14.5) fetal wounds heal regeneratively with attenuated inflammation and high levels of hyaluronan (HA) in their extracellular matrix (ECM), whereas late-gestational (E18.5) fetal wounds heal with scarring. IL-10 plays an essential role in the fetal regenerative phenotype and is shown to recapitulate scarless wound healing postnatally. We hypothesize a novel role of IL-10 as a regulator of HA in the ECM.
Post‐drought growth responses of western Juniper (Juniperus occidentals var. occidentalis) in central Oregon

Increased atmospheric CO2 may affect the physiological response of natural trees to drought. We examined radial growth rates developed from five western juniper chronologies to determine if post-drought growth responses have changed. Using prior year October to current year June precipitation from 1896-1998, we identified drought recovery years as having standardized scores (z-scores) > 0 and preceded by a year with a z-score <-0.6. We defined our analysis by an early period, 1896-1930, when atmospheric CO2 concentrations were close to preindustrial levels, and a late period, 1964-1998, when concentrations were substantially higher. Mean growth index values of recovery years between early and late periods were significantly greater (p<0.05) for four of the five sites, and for all sites combined. These results are consistent with the drought-ameliorating effects of CO2 shown by controlled laboratory studies and suggest that rising levels of atmospheric CO2 may impact western juniper growth rates.
Calculation of the energy dependent efficiency of gridded 3He fast neutron ionization chambers

Research and development activities under this contract proceeded along several lines, including development of a gas jet facility for the transport and isolation of fission product activities with half lives in the range T/sub 1/2/ less than or equal to 2 sec, studies on the factors affecting the energy and timing resolution of gridded /sup 3/He ionization detectors for delayed neutron spectroscopy and the development of simple models for calculation of the beta-decay characteristics of short-lived fission products near A = 90. Brief outlines of the activities in the areas are given. (WHK)
Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous disorders in African-American patients

Abstract The evaluation and treatment of skin disease in patients of color has long presented a challenge to many dermatologists. From deep pigmentation masking erythema to a predilection for pilar structures, skin disease in African-Americans has many distinguishing factors that may not be observed in other populations. Most dermatologists have little formal training in examining skin of various levels of pigmentation, so it is necessary to identify common presentations of disease in this population. Pigment lability is a common concern among patients of deeply pigmented skin, and it is necessary to understand what is known about therapeutic options for dyschromia. Follicular prominence, granulomatous, and fibromatous changes are common presentations of disease in this population where differential diagnosis must be broadened to ensure correct diagnosis and effective treatment. For all these disorders there are options for treatment that should be enumerated to patients along with potential side effects of treatment. The goal of improving understanding of cutaneous disease in patients of color is to dispel myths that cultural impact is the primary variable causing reaction patterns in African-Americans and to report on the findings of skin disease in this group, which represents an intermixed population. As dermatologists broaden their view of potential disease presentation, patient satisfaction, treatment choices, and, potentially, access to care will be improved. This monograph provides an overview of the ultrastructure of the pigmentation system at the cellular level and what is understood about the role the pigmentation system may play in living patients in response to sun exposure, irritants, allergens, and trauma. Normal variants of skin seen in patients of color are described and what is known about the epidemiology of these normal states is reported. Diagnosis, treatment, and the psychosocial impact of vitiligo is reported as a representative disease of dyschromia. Pseudofolliculitis barbae is discussed as a prototypic disorder of the pilar apparatus and the approach to treatment is discussed. Special attention is given to children with the disorders discussed, and the need to amend therapy to fit a younger patient is explored. Finally, skin cancer in African-American patients is discussed. Reports of predisposing variables to the various forms of skin cancers including basal cell, squamous cell, Bowen's disease and melanoma are discussed. Pigmentation may play a role in protection but is clearly not the only factor protecting against the development of cutaneous malignancy. What is known about incidence, mortality, and response to treatment for cutaneous basal cell, squamous cell, Bowen's disease, and melanoma are discussed.
Malignant lesions of the liver with high signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images

Our purpose was to identify the histologic types of malignant liver lesions with high signal intensity (SI) on T1-weighted images and to describe the MR imaging features. Thirteen patients with malignant liver lesions high in SI on T1-weighted images were studied with a 1.5-T MR imager using pre- and serial postcontrast spoiled gradient-echo (SGE) sequences (all patients), T2-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo sequences (all patients), precontrast T1-weighted fat-suppressed spin-echo sequences (five studies in five patients), and precontrast out-of-phase SGE sequences (seven studies in six patients). Images were reviewed retrospectively to determine number of lesions; lesion size; SI of lesions on T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fat-attenuated T1-weighted images; distribution of high SI in lesions on T1-weighted images; and tumor enhancement pattern. Seven patients had multiple tumors high in SI on T1-weighted images and six patients had solitary tumors. Seventy-two lesions were less than 1.5 cm in diameter and 35 lesions were more than 1.5 cm in diameter. Nine patients had solid malignant lesions and four patients had cystic malignant lesions. All tumors more than 1.5 cm in diameter were heterogeneously high in SI on T1-weighted images, and all tumors less than 1.5 cm were completely homogeneous or homogeneous with a small central hypointense focus. All tumors were more conspicuous on T1-weighted fat-attenuated images, both on excitation spoiled fat-suppressed spin-echo or on out-of-phase SGE images with the exception of one fat-containing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In one patient with melanoma metastases and one patient with multiple myeloma nodules, appreciably more lesions were detected on out-of phase SGE images. Causes of hyperintensity were considered to be either fat, melanin central hemorrhage, or high protein content, all of which may be seen in a variety of tumors. Fat-attenuation techniques are helpful in the detection of these lesions.
Effort-Shape Characteristics of Emotion-Related Body Movement

The purpose of this study was to characterize the movement qualities of 5 target emotions during walking. We used an autobiographical memories paradigm for elicitation and observer judgments for emotion recognition. For each of the felt and recognized emotion portrayals, 6 Effort-Shape qualities were judged on a continuum between opposite qualities at the anchor points. Three general categories of movement style emerged, so that anger and joy shared anchor qualities at one end of the continuum, sadness had qualities at the opposite anchor, and content and neutral had qualities between the anchor extremes. The Effort-Shape profiles were unique for each target emotion, however, and mean scores were different between emotions even when emotions shared similar qualities. Emotions were classified using the Effort-Shape scores with accuracies ranging from 74–32 % for sad, anger, content and joy, respectively. For most of the target emotions, decoding accuracy was related to at least 4 Effort-Shape qualities, suggesting that decoding accuracy may be associated with a profile of movement qualities. This study highlights the importance of movement quality in bodily expression of emotion and demonstrates the effectiveness of Effort-Shape analysis in distinguishing among emotion-related movement styles.
Expression patterns of the cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase gene during lignification in Zinnia elegans

Cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) is one of the core enzymes in phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway. A cDNA clone encoding CA4H was isolated from differentiating tracheary elements (TEs) induced from isolated mesophyll cells of Zinnia elegans. RNA gel blot analysis showed that while CA4H mRNA was induced when the isolated mesophyll cells were cultured, its marked accumulation was specifically associated with TE differentiation. Quantitative analysis showed that CA4H mRNA accumulated about nine times more in TEs than in non-TE cells. Consistently, CA4H activity was about five times higher in TEs than in non-TE cells. The accumulation of CA4H mRNA in Zinnia stems was closely associated with lignification in phloem fibers and xylem cells. Given its expression patterns in both cultured cells and organs, the CA4H gene can be used as a marker for identification of genes for their possible involvement in lignification in the Zinnia system.
Lysis of uterine adhesions with the four-channel hysteroscope

ABSTRACT Hysteroscopy with direct visualization of the uterine cavity has made intrauterine surgery easier and safer. Most hysteroscopes have one operating channel. This report illustrates the four-channel Baggish-Weck hysteroscope, which allows simultaneous clearing of the surgical field and lysis of adhesions. (J GYNECOL SURG 11:7, 1995)
Seasonal effects on depression risk and suicidal symptoms in postpartum women

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is the most common complication of childbirth. Suicide is a leading cause of maternal death in the first postpartum year. Depressed mothers often have suicidal ideation (SI). Depression and suicidality may vary across the seasons. Previous studies of seasonality and PPD were relatively small or encumbered by study design constraints. We examined the possible relationship between seasonality, depression, and SI in 9,339 new mothers. Methods: From 2006 to 2010, the investigators screened women within 4-6 weeks postpartum with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). We used spectral analysis to explore seasonal variation in risk for depression and suicidality. Results: The study team screened 9,339 new mothers, of whom 1,316 (14%) women had positive depression scores (EPDS≥10) which suggest PPD risk; 294 (3%) women had SI (item 10≥1). A positive EPDS was associated significantly with SI. PPD risk varied significantly across 12-months-risk was highest in December. We detected no seasonal variation in SI. Conclusions: Effects of seasonal light variation may contribute to increased risk for depressive symptoms. Suicidality could be related to maternal depression but not seasonal variation. Depression and Anxiety 0:1-6, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc. Language: en
Techno-Economic Analysis of Biocatalytic Processes for Production of Alkene Epoxides

A techno-economic analysis of two different bioprocesses was conducted, one for the conversion of propylene to propylene oxide (PO) and other for conversion of styrene to styrene epoxide (SO). The first process was a lipasemediated chemo-enzymatic reaction, whereas the second one was a one-step enzymatic process using chloroperoxidase. The PO produced through the chemo-enzymatic process is a racemic product, whereas the latter process (based on chloroperoxidase) produces an enantio-pure product. The former process thus falls under the category of high-volume commodity chemical (PO); whereas the latter is a low-volume, high-value product (SO).
On the response of curved laminated panels subjected to transverse impact loads

Using static response characteristics as a tool for understanding impact response, the influence of in-plane and out-of-plane boundary conditions, the effect of curvature, and the validity of linear and nonlinear plate theory are investigated for the transverse central impact on thin fiber reinforced composite cylindrical panels. Comparisons between the force-deformation curves of a low velocity impact response and static problem are made. These curves illustrate the importance of nonlinear effects on the large deformation response, including the influence of curvature. The static response is a lower limit to the impact response and, for the present circumstances, can give insight into low velocity impact response behavior.
Frequency band for HAN and NAN communication in Smart Grid

Smart Grid metering and control applications require fast and secured two-way communication. IEEE 802.15.4 based ZigBee is one of the leading communication protocols for Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI). In North America, ZigBee supports two distinguished frequency bands — 915MHz and 2.4GHz. In Home Area Network (HAN) of AMI, home appliances communicate with smart meters whereas the communication among neighboring meters is termed as Neighborhood Area Network (NAN). In this study, optimum frequency bands for NAN and HAN communication have been proposed based on the throughput, reliability and scalability. We evaluated and compared the performance of bands 868/915MHz and 2.4GHz for AMI context. The solution also meets the requirements for Smart Grid communication standards as recommended by the US Department of Energy (DOE).
Estimation of roadway traffic density on freeways using presence detector data

A simple data processing algorithm is presented for estimating the density of vehicular traffic flow on freeways between two conventional (presence) type loop detectors. Using flow and occupancy data from adjacent detector stations, a simple scalar Kalman filter is derived under assumption of homogeneous (in space) flow conditions. Correction for inhomogeneous conditions is provided by a bias detection-compensation technique based on the generalized likelihood ratio method. Accurate performance over a wide range of speed-density flow conditions is demonstrated.
Verb generation priming involves conceptual implicit memory.

Abstract Brain activation patterns differ and generation latencies are reduced when generating verbs to repeated nouns (Raichle et al., 1994). Amnesic participants show normal magnitude of priming (Seger et al., 1997). Despite its importance in neuropsychology, verb generation priming is not well characterized psychologically. Six behavioral studies found that verb generation priming was specific to the verb rather than to the noun or the noun–verb pair, was equivalent after overt or covert generation and after reading verbs or generating verbs, was affected by levels of processing, and transferred completely across languages in bilinguals. These results indicate that verb generation priming involves priming of particular responses and happens at a conceptual level. These findings provide new insights about the significance of brain imaging and neuropsychological studies involving verb generation priming.
Serum prolactin response to embryo transfer during human in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

Serum prolactin (PRL) concentrations around the time of embryo transfer (ET) have not been studied, despite the fact that transient hyperprolactinemia regularly occurs in response to laparoscopy for oocyte recovery and ET itself may be stressful enough to induce a PRL rise. Hyperprolactinemia might compromise luteal support for implantation and contribute to the limited success of ET. We measured serum PRL concentrations in 10 normoprolactinemic women immediately before, during, and after ET and compared the PRL response around ET to that induced by laparoscopy as a measure of the competency of the stress-prolactin axis. Nine of ten patients demonstrated a significant PRL response to surgery. The mean (±SEM) intraoperative PRL concentration (124.0±19.6 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the preoperative level (12.3±2.4 ng/ml) (P<0.01). Three hours after surgery PRL levels had decreased (44.8±11.5 ng/ml) but remained above baseline. All subjects were normoprolactinemic 48 hr after laparoscopy. Serum PRL concentration did not change significantly in response to ET, with levels of 10.4±1.7, 12.4±1.1, and 10.6±1.8 ng/ml immediately before, during, and 3 hr after ET, respectively. While laparoscopy for in vitro fertilizationembryo transfer commonly induces hyperprolactinemia, the PRL rise is transient, with no carryover to the time of ET. Embryo transfer itself does not induce a significant PRL rise.
Secondary Lymphoid Organs Contribute to, but Are Not Required for the Induction of Graft-versus-Host Responses following Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation: A shifting Paradigm for T Cell Allo-activation

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) remains the major complication of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT). GVHD fundamentally depends upon the activation of donor T cells by host antigen-presenting cells (APCs), but the precise location of these interactions remains uncertain. We examined the role of secondary lymphoid organs (SLO) in the induction of GVHD by using homozygous aly/aly mice that are deficient in lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer's patches (PPs). Lethally irradiated, splenectomized, aly/aly (LN/PP/Sp−/−) mice and sham-splenectomized, aly/+ (LN/PP/Sp+/+) mice received BMT from either syngeneic (aly/aly) or allogeneic, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) disparate donors. Surprisingly, although LN/PP/Sp−/− allo-BMT recipients experience a survival advantage, they developed significant systemic and target organ GVHD that is comparable to LN/PP/Sp+/+ controls. Early after allo-BMT, the activation and proliferation of donor T cells was significantly greater in the BM cavity of LN/PP/Sp−/− mice compared to LN/PP/Sp+/+ controls. Donor T cells in LN/PP/Sp−/− mice demonstrated cytolytic activity in vitro, but Graft vs Leukemia (GVL) activity could be overcome by increasing the tumor burden. These data suggest that SLO contribute to, but are not required for, allogeneic T cell responses, and suggest that the BM may represent an alternative, albeit less efficient site for T cell activation following allo-BMT.
THE EFFECTS OF NONVERBAL SYNCHRONY ON MESSAGE COMPREHENSION AND PERSUASIVENESS

Previous research has not considered the effects of nonverbal synchronization by a speaker on message processing and acceptance by a listener. In this experiment, 178 subjects watched one of three versions of a message—high synchrony, minimal synchrony or dissynchrony—presented by one of two speakers. Receivers of the high synchrony message, which employed kinesic cues synchronized to the vocal/verbal stream, showed higher recall of the message and were more persuaded by it than receivers of the dissynchronous message, which had kinesic cues “out of sync” with the vocal/verbal stream. Results on three other dependent measures—credibility, distraction and counterarguing—were mixed but were generally consistent with the credibility-yielding and distraction-yielding formulations outlined.
Curvilinear All-Atom Multiscale (CAM) Theory of Macromolecular Dynamics

A method is introduced for simulating long timescale macromolecular structural fluctuations and transitions with atomic-scale detail. The N-atom Liouville equation for the macromolecule/host medium system provides the starting point for the analysis. Order parameters characterizing overall macromolecular architecture are demonstrated to be slowly evolving.
Return to the Riemann Integral

(1996). Return to the Riemann Integral. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 103, No. 8, pp. 625-632.
Widths of analog states in heavy elements from ( p , n ) spectra

The $p,n$ reaction on targets of $^{197}\mathrm{Au}$, $^{206}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{207}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$, $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$, and $^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ has been studied to obtain the widths, reaction $Q$ values, and selected cross sections of the isobaric analog of the ground state of these targets. Widths obtained are, respectively, 116 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 35, 175 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 25, 192 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 25, 235 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 35, 257 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 35, and 273 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 30 keV assuming a Breit-Wigner line shape for the analog resonance. These results support the disagreement of previous $p,n$ measurements with $p,n\overline{p}$ measurements for the widths of $^{209}\mathrm{Pb}$ and $^{209}\mathrm{Bi}$. Results are shown to be sensitive to choice of resonance line shape and provide a possible explanation for discrepancies between $p,n$ and $p,n\overline{p}$ measurements. The need for a more precise theoretical understanding of the structure of unbound analog resonances is indicated.
Central neural peptides and catecholamines in spontaneous and DOCA/salt hypertension

Hypothalamic and neurohypophyseal levels of catecholamines and peptides were measured in spontaneous and deoxycorticosterone (DOCA)/salt hypertension. Catecholamines, norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine were measured by electrochemical detection while the peptides, vasopressin, oxytocin, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), the enkephalins and somatostatin (SRIF) were measured by radio-immunoassay. Blood pressure was significantly elevated in both groups as compared to their controls. Marked changes in central neural peptides were observed in the SHR, while no differences were seen in DOCA/salt hypertension.Hypothalamic vasopressin, oxytocin, LHRH and SRIF were significantly decreased. In the posterior pituitary, enkephalins were increased twofold in the SHR. With regard to catecholamines, there was no change in hypothalamic content. However, a dramatic decrease in neurohypophyseal dopamine was observed in the SHR. Plasma levels of vasopressin were significantly elevated in both types of hypertension while oxytocin was increased only in the DOCA/salt model. These results show that (1) a wide spectrum of neuroendocrine changes are associated with genetic hypertension, (2) there are CNS differences between DOCA/salt and spontaneous hypertension, and (3) central aminergic changes may be involved in the neuroendocrine alterations seen in the SHR.
How Does Cabinet Instability Affect Political Performance? Portfolio Volatility and Health Care Cost Containment in Parliamentary Democracies

This article explores the relationship between cabinet instability and political performance in parliamentary democracies. I develop two theoretical arguments about how cabinet instability should affect government effectiveness, and I use these to define several measures of instability. The first argument suggests that instability in the partisan composition of cabinets should make it difficult for governments to adopt and implement new policy programs. The second argument suggests that instability in the partisan control of portfolios within the government (portfolio volatility) should make it difficult for cabinet ministers to obtain relevant information during policy formulation and implementation. I test both arguments by examining the short- and long-run effect of the instability variables on success at health care cost containment. The analysis indicates that short-run increases in portfolio volatility present problems for government decision makers, but in the long run, unstable systems are able to address the problem that instability poses.
Application of Doppler Color Flow Mapping in the Assessment and the Evaluation of Congenital Heart Disease

Summary and Future Directions Doppler color flow mapping has proven to be a most valuable addition in the armamentarium of noninvasive cardiovascular technology. For the first time real-time two-dimensional imaging of morphology with spontaneous display of flow is provided for the cardiologist. It enhances both qualitative and quantitive observations and is seen as an invaluable adjunct in the complete noninvasive examination. Continued application and investigation of quantitative and semiquantitative aspects of Doppler color flow mapping as well as investigations in the new areas of fetal and intraoperative color flow will continue to grow and add to our information of cardiac morphology and physiology and a more complete understanding of the dynamics of congential heart disease.
Stimulation of fibrinogen synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes by fibrinogen fragment E.

Abstract Because of the inherent difficulties of experimentation in intact animals, we used primary monolayer cultures of non-proliferating adult rat hepatocytes to study the effects of fibrinogen degradation products on fibrinogen biosynthesis. The freshly isolated hepatocytes obtained by collagenase perfusion of the liver in situ were cultured in a chemically defined serum-free medium. The rate of fibrinogen synthesis in control cultures was 40–50 pmol 2.5·10 6 cells per 24 h. Additions of 20, 60 or 100 μg of homologous stage I fibrinogen degradation products had no effect on fibrinogen synthesis. In contrast, addition of the same amounts of homologous or heterologous (human) stage III fibrinogen degradation products resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in fibrinogen biosynthesis without affecting the rate of synthesis of albumin. When purified stage III fibrinogen degradation products D and E (human) were tested in 10, 30 or 50 μg/3 ml medium only fragment E showed a significant increase in fibrinogen biosynthesis (1.9-, 2.8- and 5.6-fold, respectively, over the control cultures). The presence of excess fibrinogen had no effect. These results suggest that fibrinogen fragment E may be a specific stimulator of fibrinogen biosynthesis which may play an important role in maintaining normal levels of plasma fibrinogen.
Reading comprehension in Parkinson's disease

Purpose Although individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD) self-report reading problems and experience difficulties in cognitive–linguistic functions that support discourse-level reading, prior res...
Blood detection in wireless capsule endoscopy using expectation maximization clustering

Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) is a relatively new technology (FDA approved in 2002) allowing doctors to view most of the small intestine. Other endoscopies such as colonoscopy, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, push enteroscopy, and intraoperative enteroscopy could be used to visualize up to the stomach, duodenum, colon, and terminal ileum, but there existed no method to view most of the small intestine without surgery. With the miniaturization of wireless and camera technologies came the ability to view the entire gestational track with little effort. A tiny disposable video capsule is swallowed, transmitting two images per second to a small data receiver worn by the patient on a belt. During an approximately 8-hour course, over 55,000 images are recorded to a worn device and then downloaded to a computer for later examination. Typically, a medical clinician spends more than two hours to analyze a WCE video. Research has been attempted to automatically find abnormal regions (especially bleeding) to reduce the time needed to analyze the videos. The manufacturers also provide the software tool to detect the bleeding called Suspected Blood Indicator (SBI), but its accuracy is not high enough to replace human examination. It was reported that the sensitivity and the specificity of SBI were about 72% and 85%, respectively. To address this problem, we propose a technique to detect the bleeding regions automatically utilizing the Expectation Maximization (EM) clustering algorithm. Our experimental results indicate that the proposed bleeding detection method achieves 92% and 98% of sensitivity and specificity, respectively.
Is man necessary

Can man be replaced by machines? How does man's presence affect present-day control systems? An analysis and synthesis of a sampled-data model of the human operator involves three basic problems: the designing and testing of a sampler, synthesis of the various blocks contained in the sampled-data model, and analyzing the model using z transforms and modified z transforms
Isolation and characterization of mink lung epithelial cell mutants resistant to transforming growth factor beta.

Mink lung epithelial cells resistant to growth inhibition by transforming growth factor ..beta.. (TGF-..beta..) have been isolated by chemical mutagenesis and growth in the presence of platelet extracts enriched in TGF-..beta... Several resistant clones were isolated, at least one of which stably retained its resistance to TGF-..beta.. when grown in the absence of the factor. The cells of this clone were similar to the parent cells in morphology and growth properties. However, unlike the parent cells, the resistant cells did not show any of the following responses to /sup 125/I TGF-..beta..: (1) inhibition of DNA synthesis and proliferation; (2) morphological changes involving increased cell spreading; or (3) stimulation of synthesis of a 48-kilodalton secreted /sup 35/S-protein. The resistant cells do, however, retain a functional TGF-..beta.. receptor. The TGF-..beta.. resistant cell lines may be useful in genetic studies designed to identify the biochemical events required for inhibition of epithelial cell growth by this factor.
Relative Accuracy of Connecting Channel Discharge Data with Application to Great Lakes Studies

Abstract The flows in the Great Lakes connecting channels are a major component in the water balance of the Great Lakes Basin. The increased emphasis on Great Lakes water quality and quantity requires an assessment of the accuracy of both measured and computed connecting channel discharge data. In this study, the standard error of typical discharge measurements was found to be approximately 3 to 5 percent, depending upon the number of panels used in the cross section. Mesurement sets were found to have a practical limit of about 25 measurements. The standard error of a set of measurements was found to be on the order of 1 percent. The procedure used to compute the published flows of the Niagara River was found to have an apparent bias of about 2 percent on the high side. It is recommended that the published Niagara River flows be adjusted prior to use in detailed water balance studies.
The Incredible HOLC? Mortgage Relief during the Great Depression

This paper examines the relief provided by the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation (HOLC), a New Deal program that purchased and refinanced over 1 million distressed residential mortgages. I document that the HOLC paid relatively high prices for its mortgages, most likely in an effort to encourage lender participation and stimulate the housing market. The consequence was that lenders were able to remove poorly performing assets from their balance sheets at attractive prices. While this meant the HOLC’s ability to seek principal reductions was somewhat limited, borrowers still received significant relief through the terms of the HOLC’s more modern and forgiving mortgage contracts.
Commuting town workers: the case of Qinshan, China

Abstract In China's rapidly developing coastal region, a very high percentage of town workers return to the villages on a daily basis. This paper investigates the causes of what is referred here as commuting town workers through the case of Qinshan. It is found that the development of township and village enterprises has dramatically changed rural people's desire to live in town. Factors, such as land tenure, social security, controlled distribution of urban welfare, as well as changing means of transportation, are among the most important ones responsible for the village–town commuting phenomenon. The research challenges China's current rural policy in its applicability to the more developed coastal region and offers recommendations to deal with the problems.
Behavior of Parent and Nestling Brown Pelicans During Early Brood Rearing

Abstract. Since their recovery from population declines in the 1960s and 1970s, Brown Pelicans (Pelecanus occidentalis) have become a common breeder on the Atlantic coast of the southeastern U.S.A. Despite their relative abundance, few studies of their breeding biology have been conducted in this region. Parent and nestling behavior during early chick rearing were examined at a colony in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Rates of parental and chick feeding decreased linearly with chick age. Rates of parental attendance, chick begging and chick aggression all peaked when chicks were approximately 21 d post-hatching and then declined. Direct feeding events were never observed when chicks were 15 d of age. The transition from indirect to direct feeding was not accompanied by a change in begging rates. Shifts in the frequencies of both parent and chick behaviors occurred at approximately three weeks post-hatching, when chicks ...
Role of CD40-CD40-ligand interaction in Ig-isotype switching

Ig-isotype switching to IgE requires interleukin-4 and a contact-dependent T-cell signal delivered by the ligand for CD40. The recent discovery that defects in the gene encoding the CD40 ligand are the underlying cause of the X-linked hyper IgM syndrome highlights the role of CD40 and its ligand in Ig-isotype switching.
Catalog outsourcing at Wright State University: Implications for acquisitions managers

In 1993, the administration of the Wright State University Libraries decided to outsource its cataloging operations to improve the quality and reduce the costs of cataloging. A number of alternatives were considered and rejected; outsourcing was deemed to be the most appropriate solution for WSU. The decision was influenced by the business management literature that advocates radical reengineering of processes. Although some acquisitions processes have been performed for years by vendors, these processes should be reexamined and questioned, especially with the rise of electronic publishing. Increased outsourcing of acquisitions may be one answer. Even with outsourcing, acquisitions managers will still be required, but they will need a broad set of skills and qualities to face the new electronic environment. These skills are outlined and discussed.
Stress Analysis of Small Concrete Slabs on Grade

Stress conditions in precast airfield concrete pavements are analyzed using the finite element method. The pavements analyzed were small concrete slabs connected at the joints by load‐transfer devices. The slabs were square‐shaped with dimensions varying from 3 ft (0.92 m) and up and slab thicknesses varied from 3–12 in. (11.8–47.2 cm). In contrast to the known fact that the installation of dowel bars and keyed joints in conventional highway and airfield concrete pavements can effectively reduce stresses in concrete slabs, it was found that stresses in small concrete slabs may actually be increased, depending on the loading position. The stresses in the small concrete slabs are increased and the deflections are decreased with increasing slab size. These changes cease when the slab size is increased beyond a certain value. This value increases with increasing slab rigidity, tire contact area, and gear spacing for multiple wheels.
Electrochemical synthesis of oligothiophenes by radical termination of the growing macromolecular chain

Abstract A facile electrochemical method to prepare thiophene oligomers has been developed. The synthesis was conducted by terminating a growing macromolecular chain with bromine radicals. This method is based on the proximity of the polymerization potential of 2,2′-bithiophene (BT) and the oxidation potential of bromide. Layers of short thiophene oligomers can be deposited by increasing concentration of bromide in the electrolyte solution. The characteristic UV–vis absorbance maximum shifted consistently to the bromide concentration, which suggests the possibility of accurately turning the optical band gap of electrodeposited material. This method is versatile and has also been successfully applied to synthesize 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) oligomers. The layer of electrodeposited EDOT oligomers was incorporated as a hole transporting layer in a polymer solar cell to test its performance in a functional device.