cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A simplified device to attach the distal extension to the denture of a cleft palate patient

Abstract 1. The attaching device which was described will insure an accurate positioning of the distal extension on a denture for a cleft palate patient. 2. Separate processing of the denture and the obturator will avoid dimensional change in the denture as a result of reprocessing when the obturator is added. 3. The impression of the cleft in the soft palate is secured under relatively stable conditions. 4. The attaching device permits the impression for the obturator to be muscle trimmed with a comfortably adjusted denture as the supporting device. 5. The attaching device permits the prosthodontist to secure an accurate impression under functional conditions, with a minimum of haste, for as a rule the soft tissues in the cleft do not trim the impression material readily. 6. The attaching device permits the patient to wear the denture, and go “window shopping” during he final stages of building the impression if the proper impression material is used. 7. Adjustments of the obturator are usually unnecessary after delivery.
Src tyrosine kinase mediates platelet-derived growth factor BB-induced and redox-dependent migration in metanephric mesenchymal cells.

The adult kidney is derived from the interaction between the metanephric blastema and the ureteric bud. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor β is essential for the development of the matu...
Bridging the Transatlantic Counterterrorism Gap

The United States and Europe face different threats from Islamist terrorism, have different perceptions of even their common threats, have different tools for fighting terrorism, and respond differently. An inability to cooperate, however, may result in attacks or economic disruption.
Magnetometer calibration in the presence of hard magnetic torquers

Many CubeSats use magnetic torquers for attitude control. Many of these same CubeSats use a magnetometer as the primary sensor for attitude determination. This results in a conflict where the actuators in the system corrupt the feedback measurements. Two common approaches to solve this problem are to physically separate the torquers and magnetometer by putting the magnetometer on a boom, or to separate the sensing and torquing in time so that the torquers are not energized while the sensors are sensing.
Stative progressives in Korean and English

Abstract This paper inquires into the meaning of the progressive in Korean and English by focusing on its complementation restriction. Although the English progressive, due to its semantics of “process in progress”, cannot normally accept stative verbs such as know, love, have, etc., the Korean progressive ko iss form naturally occurs with them. Rather than proposing a different semantics of ko iss, such as general imperfective or resultative (Kim, 1993; Ahn, 1995), this paper suggests that know-type verbs in Korean are in fact event descriptions, or more specifically, inchoative eventualities, which indicate the inception of a continuous state. In so doing, this paper not only solves the stative verb complementation problem but also provides a unified semantics of ko iss as denoting a middle phase of a situation (Lee, 1991), encompassing both its on-going process and state readings. This analysis will also explain the difference between the Korean stative progressives and their English counterparts, the latter of which have been analyzed as instances of aspectual coercion (de Swart, 1998). The conclusions of this paper have broader implications concerning aspectual properties of psychological verbs in general, as well as the distribution of aspectual transitions in a language, both in the overt aspectual operators and in the covert coercion patterns.
Yeasts and industry

Yeast Genetics: Fundamental and Applied Aspects. By J.F.T. Spencer, Dorothy M. Spencer and A.R.W. Smith. Springer-Verlag: 1984. Pp.533. DM148, 57.50.
On estimating a function of the mean of a multivariate normal distribution

The unique minimum variance of unbiased estimator is obtained for analysis functions of the mean of a multivariate normal distribution with either unknown covariance matrix or with covariance matrix of the form σ2v where σ2 is unknown.
Invited Article: High resolution digital camera for infrared reflectography

This paper describes the characteristics of a high resolution infrared (IR) imaging system operating over the wavelength range of 830–1100 nm, based on a modified 8 Mpixels commercial digital camera, with which nonspecialists can obtain IR reflectograms of works of art in situ in a museum environment. The relevant imaging properties of sensitivity, resolution, noise, and contrast are characterized and the capabilities of this system are illustrated with an example that has revealed important new information about the working practices of a 16th century artist.
Social organizations and matching theory

We generalize the Gale-Shapley matching theory to the formation of social units consisting of more than two individuals and each individual having more than one role.
A vulnerability-stress examination of response styles theory in adolescence: stressors, sex differences, and symptom specificity.

The stress-reactivity extension of the response styles theory of depression suggests that individuals who ruminate (or fail to engage in distraction or problem solving) in response to dysphoric mood are likely to experience higher levels of depression following stress. However, previous studies have not addressed (a) the specificity of these vulnerability–stress relations to symptoms of depression following different types of stressors, and (b) to what extent rumination and stress can account for the sex differences in depression that emerge during early adolescence. A community sample of 256 early adolescents (ages 12–13) completed a baseline visit and a follow-up visit 9 months later. Response styles and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed at baseline, and intervening life events, emotional maltreatment, peer relational victimization, and symptoms of depression and anxiety were assessed at follow-up. Higher rumination and lower distraction/problem solving interacted with several types of st...
Bismuth-loaded plastic scintillators for gamma-ray spectroscopy

Polyvinylcarbazole polymer scintillators with high loading of a bismuth organometallic exhibit good light yields, and are found to be capable of gamma-ray spectroscopy. When activated by a standard fluor, diphenylanthracene, a bismuth-loaded polymer produces ~12000 photons/MeV, exhibits an emission maximum at 420 nm, a ~15 ns decay, and energy resolution of 9% at 662 keV is measured. The same bismuth-loaded polymer doped with an iridium complex fluor has an emission maximum of 500 nm, a decay time of 1.2 μs, a light yield of ~30000 photons/MeV, and energy resolution better than 7% FWHM at 662 keV.
The visual mismatch negativity elicited with visual speech stimuli.

The visual mismatch negativity (vMMN), deriving from the brain’s response to stimulus deviance, is thought to be generated by the cortex that represents the stimulus. The vMMN response to visual speech stimuli was used in a study of the lateralization of visual speech processing. Previous research suggested that the right posterior temporal cortex has specialization for processing simple non-speech face gestures, and the left posterior temporal cortex has specialization for processing visual speech gestures. Here, visual speech consonant-vowel (CV) stimuli with controlled perceptual dissimilarities were presented in an electroencephalography (EEG) vMMN paradigm. The vMMNs were obtained using the comparison of event-related potentials (ERPs) for separate CVs in their roles as deviant versus their roles as standard. Four separate vMMN contrasts were tested, two with the perceptually far deviants (i.e., “zha” or “fa”) and two with the near deviants (i.e., “zha” or “ta”). Only far deviants evoked the vMMN response over the left posterior temporal cortex. All four deviants evoked vMMNs over the right posterior temporal cortex. The results are interpreted as evidence that the left posterior temporal cortex represents speech stimuli that are perceived as different consonants, and the right posterior temporal cortex represents face gestures that may not be discriminable as different CVs.
Bistable ring resonator utilizing saturable photorefractive gain and loss

We demonstrate the bistable behavior of a unidirectional ring resonator that employs photorefractive loss as well as photorefractive gain. The gain and loss are established by two-beam coupling in two separate photorefractive BaTiO3 crystals. Two-beam coupling loss plays the role of a programmable saturable absorber. Irreversible bistability occurs when the maximum net gain exceeds unity, while reversible bistability is obtained when the maximum net gain is less than one.
Diagnosing Convective Instability from GOES-8 Radiances

Abstract Statistical algorithms are developed to diagnose the vertical change in equivalent potential temperature (ΔΘe) between 920 and 620 hPa from GOES-8 radiance data. The models are prepared using a training dataset of radiosonde releases from 10 United States cities. Simulated GOES-8 channel brightness temperatures are calculated from these soundings. The training data are stratified into several subsets (depending on time and location). Models trained only on 0000 or 1200 UTC data explain approximately 7% more of the variance in observed ΔΘe than those trained on both 0000 and 1200 UTC. Values of R2 from models using training data from only one are superior to those trained on multiple stations. Inclusion of the imager channels adds little information to the algorithms. These models then are applied to data from the Limited Area Mesoscale Prediction System model to see which performs consistently better over diurnally varying conditions. Models trained only with 0000 UTC data give the best results, ...
Acute pulpal-alveolar cellulitis syndrome IV. Exacerbations during endodontic treatment: A clinical study of specific microbial isolates and their etiologic role: Part 1

Abstract A statement has been made by Sundqvist 1 that it has not been possible to isolate the specific bacteria that is responsible for acute exacerbations during endodontic treatment of existing periapical inflammation. This clinical study presents specific microbial isolates from 34 intact nonvital teeth involved with acute cellulitis exacerbations during endodontic therapy. No obligate anaerobes were isolated. Forty-seven aerobic and facultative microbes were isolated. Streptococci, primarily facultative, were the major group of microbes isolated (80%); alpha hemolytic streptococci and the group D enterococcus were predominant as mixed and pure culture specimens. Gram-negative microbes as strict aerobic and facultative microbes were also reported as specific isolates. The biological role of anaerobes were discussed in primary pulpal-periapical infections. The alteration of the tissue oxidation-reduction potential, (E h ) is proposed as an etiologic factor in cellulitis exacerbations during endodontic treatment. This is further substantiated in the Part 2 report. Attention is drawn to the pathogenic potential of streptococci and other microbes isolated in this study.
Novel PEMFC Cathodes Prepared by Pulse Deposition

A pulse electrodeposition method of preparing thin platinum catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes has been developed through surface activation of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) by a wetting agent. The performance of the catalyst layer was optimized by wetting agent type, immersion time in the wetting agent, and pulse deposition parameters such as total charge density, peak current density, and duty cycle ratio. The T off time played a more important role than the T on time in determining the electrode characteristics such as high concentration of Pt, smaller particle size, and loading. Pt cathodes prepared using a peak current density of 400 mA/cm 2 with a duty cycle of 10.7% and total charge density of 6 C/cm 2 resulted in a thin platinum catalyst layer (1.92 μm) and uniformly distributed platinum nanoparticles (3-4 nm) on the GDL surface. Novel cathodes with Pt loading of 0.33 mg/cm 2 prepared in the present study exhibited 746 mA/cm 2 at 0.7 V.
POLAROGRAPHY OF TITANIUM IN STRONG MINERAL ACID MEDIA

Abstract The polarographic characteristics of the titanic-titanous couple have been investigated in moderately concentrated aqueous solutions of hydrochloric, perchloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acids In 4 to 15 M sulfuric acid the reversible formal potential becomes more positive (oxidizing) than the potential of hydrogen ion reduction on platinum, and sulfuric acid solutions can be employed advantageously for coulometric titrations with electrogenerated titanous ion using a platinum generator cathode Phosphoric acid (1 to 15 M ) is the best of these media for practical polarographic determinations f titanium The couple behaves perfectly reversibly, the cathodic and anodic waves are both excellently developed, and the half-wave potential (—025 to —009 V vs S C E ) is such that determination of titanium in the presence of several of the elements with which it is commonly associated is possible
Clinical implications of left ventricular function in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

: Correlation of left ventricular filling pressure (55 patients) with the left ventricular stroke work index (61 patients) provided a rapid means of objectively determining ventricular performance after myocardial infarction. Pressure was monitored by means of the Swan-Ganz balloon-tipped catheter and thermal indicators were used for measuring cardiac output. A hemodynamic grouping of these myocardial infarction patients on the basis of the stroke work index showed close correlation with morbidity and mortality and provided a more accurate prognostic indicator than did the commonly used clinical predictors. Serial assessment of ventricular function further aided in defining the prognosis when it was not clear on admission. Thus, the levels of normal or abnormal ventricular function and the effect of therapeutic measures can be rapidly evaluated by determining the pressures and flows in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
Drug Binding to Cardiac Troponin C

Compounds that sensitize cardiac muscle to Ca2+ by intervening at the level of regulatory thin filament proteins would have potential therapeutic benefit in the treatment of myocardial infarctions. Two putative Ca2+sensitizers, EMD 57033 and levosimendan, are reported to bind to cardiac troponin C (cTnC). In this study, we use heteronuclear NMR techniques to study drug binding to [methyl- 13C]methionine-labeled cTnC when free or when complexed with cardiac troponin I (cTnI). In the absence of Ca2+, neither drug interacted with cTnC. In the presence of Ca2+, one molecule of EMD 57033 bound specifically to the C-terminal domain of free cTnC. NMR and equilibrium dialysis failed to demonstrate binding of levosimendan to free cTnC, and the presence of levosimendan had no apparent effect on the Ca2+ binding affinity of cTnC. Changes in the N-terminal methionine methyl chemical shifts in cTnC upon association with cTnI suggest that cTnI associates with the A-B helical interface and the N terminus of the central helix in cTnC. NMR experiments failed to show evidence of binding of levosimendan to the cTnC·cTnI complex. However, levosimendan covalently bound to a small percentage of free cTnC after prolonged incubation with the protein. These findings suggest that levosimendan exerts its positive inotropic effect by mechanisms that do not involve binding to cTnC.
Ionic reactions in two dimensions with disorder

We analyze the dynamics of the ion-dipole pairing reaction in the two-dimensional Coulomb gas in the presence of disorder. Sufficiently singular disorder forces the critical temperature of the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Berezinskii fixed point to be nonuniversal. This disorder leads to anomalous ion pairing kinetics with a continuously variable decay exponent. Sufficiently strong disorder eliminates the transition altogether. For ions that are chemically reactive, anomalous kinetics with a continuously variable decay exponent also occurs in the high-temperature regime. The Coulomb interaction inhibits reactant segregation, and so the ionic ${A}^{+}{+B}^{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\emptyset}$ reaction behaves like the nonionic $A+\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{A}\ensuremath{\emptyset}$ reaction.
An Approach to Facilitate Decision Making on Architecture Evolution Strategies

Abstract The evolution of System of Systems (SoS) architectures is a difficult process due to the complex interactions between entities that exist in an SoS. Adequate tools are thus needed in capturing these interdependencies to support informed decisions on architectural evolutions. In this paper, an approach is introduced to facilitate decision making on architecture evolution strategies. The main purpose of evolving architecture is to satisfy advanced capability and performance objectives through adding new systems, replacing existing systems, changing links, etc. The paper employs Colored Petri Nets (CPN), a powerful discrete event dynamic simulation tool, to model, simulate and evaluate the existing and evolving architectures. However, it is unrealistic to improve performance without considering the cost of architecture evolutions. This paper regards complexity as an indicator of the architecture evolving cost. Compared to other complexity metrics, dynamic complexity is included in the complexity metric in this paper. Eventually, an appropriate evolution choice could be achieved by examining the tradeoff space between complexity and performance. This approach is illustrated with a conceptual SoS problem.
Insulin and other regulatory factors modulate the growth and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity of primary rabbit kidney proximal tubule cells in serum free medium

Insulin was observed to modulate the growth and the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity of primary cultures of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells in serum free medium. Insulin was stimulatory to primary proximal tubule cell growth at a concentration of 10(-8) M. In contrast, insulin was inhibitory to a proximal tubule function, PEPCK activity, following a 5-minute incubation period. An insulin dosage as low as 10(-10) M was inhibitory to PEPCK activity, suggesting the involvement of insulin receptors. Although insulin was required at a significantly higher dosage to stimulate the growth of the primary renal proximal tubule cells than to inhibit PEPCK activity, the elevated dosage required in order to observe a growth effect may be explained by the degradation of insulin by the primary renal proximal tubule cells. However the possible involvement of receptors for Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF-I) and Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) in mediating the effects of insulin cannot be excluded. Other effector molecules were also examined with respect to their effects on PEPCK activity. The possible involvement of cyclic AMP in the control of the PEPCK activity of the primary renal cells was indicated by the stimulatory effects of 8 bromocyclic AMP, isobutyl methylxanthine (a cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase inhibitor), and forskolin (an activator of adenylate cyclase). Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA), which activates protein kinase C, was inhibitory. The actions of these effector molecules and insulin on the PEPCK activity of the primary renal cultures are remarkably similar to their effects on hepatic PEPCK. Several growth factors, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) were also examined. FGF was observed to be stimulatory, whereas TGF beta was inhibitory to the PEPCK activity of the primary renal proximal tubule cells.
Recent advances in the understanding of potassium channel function.

Abstract Recent molecular cloning of new types of K+channels combined with site-directed mutagenesis and electrophysiological assay of channel function has given us new insights into the molecular mechanisms K+channel function.
Primate photopigments and primate color vision.

Abstract The past 15 years have brought much progress in our understanding of several basic features of primate color vision. There has been particular success in cataloging the spectral properties of the cone photopigments found in retinas of a number of primate species and in elucidating the relationship between cone opsin genes and their photopigment products. Direct studies of color vision show that there are several modal patterns of color vision among groupings of primates: (i) Old World monkeys, apes, and humans all enjoy trichromatic color vision, although the former two groups do not seem prone to the polymorphic variations in color vision that are characteristic of people; (ii) most species of New World monkeys are highly polymorphic, with individual animals having any of several types of dichromatic or trichromatic color vision; (iii) less is known about color vision in prosimians, but evidence suggests that at least some diurnal species have dichromatic color vision; and (iv) some nocturnal primates may lack color vision completely. In many cases the photopigments and photopigment gene arrangements underlying these patterns have been revealed and, as a result, hints are emerging about the evolution of color vision among the primates.
Fault location using wavelets

This paper describes the use of wavelet transforms for analyzing power system fault transients in order to determine the fault location. Traveling wave theory is utilized in capturing the travel time of the transients along the monitored lines between the fault point and the relay. Time resolution for the high frequency components of the fault transients, is provided by the wavelet transform. This information is related to the travel time of the signals which are already decomposed into their modal components. The aerial mode is used for all fault types, whereas the ground mode is used to resolve problems associated with certain special cases. The wavelet transform is found to be an excellent discriminant for identifying the traveling wave reflections from the fault, irrespective of the fault type and impedance. EMTP simulations are used to test and validate the proposed fault location approach for typical power system faults.
Relaxation of nonequilibrium fluctuations in liquid mixtures above the consolute point

We study the relaxation of nonequilibrium concentration fluctuations in binary-liquid mixtures near but above the critical consolute temperature. We show that if the strength of the fluctuations is far enough above the thermal level, hydrodynamic effects cause these fluctuations to migrate towards the smallest wave numbers. They are dissipated only in an exceedingly long time at the largest available scale. The structure factor of the fluctuations obeys a scaling law similar to the one observed in experiments of spinodal decomposition. Experimental tests of our result are suggested and their possible relevance to the theory of spinodal decomposition briefly discussed.
Kalman smoothing via auxiliary outputs

Abstract A class of computationally efficient, fixed interval, discrete-time Kalman smoothers is discussed, of which Bierman's smoother is a special case. These smoothers obtain estimates of the complete state vector without having to store the error covariance matrices. In particular we consider the smoothing problem when the transition matrix is singular but the system is still completely reachable. Smoothing splines are used as an example.
Soluble polymer conjugates for drug delivery

The use of water-soluble polymeric conjugates as drug carriers offers several possible advantages. These advantages include: (1) improved drug pharmacokinetics; (2) decreased toxicity to healthy organs; (3) possible facilitation of accumulation and preferential uptake by targeted cells; (4) programmed profile of drug release. In this review, we will consider the main types of useful polymeric conjugates and their role and effectiveness as carriers in drug delivery systems.
Transport properties of HoxDy1−xNi2B2C single crystals

Abstract The Neel temperature (TN) of the magnetic superconductor HoNi2B2C is below its superconducting transition temperature [1] (Tc) while DyNi2B2C becomes superconducting below the magnetic ordering temperature [2] (Tc
Indicators of modern health attitudes in an urban setting: An exploration of the attitude — Behavior relationship

This paper explores the components and determinants of health attitudes that have accompanied the process of modernization in Accra. Due to the numerous failures to predict behavior from unidimensional measures of attitudes, a multidimensional approach to health attitudes was used. Factor analysis of the components revealed that this multidimensional tripartite structure of health attitudes is theoretically meaningful. Both the simple correlational and multivariate analysis of responses form a sample interview survey of 1000 women show that social, structural and community factors are important determinants of modern health attitudes; and that the influence of modern health attitudes on utilization behavior is independent of the effects of education and general modernity. The implications of these for health care delivery are discussed.
The function of calreticulin in plant immunity: new discoveries for an old protein.

Since its initial discovery as a high affinity Ca2+-binding protein in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), calreticulin (CRT) has been documented to be a multifunctional protein in both animal and plant cells. This protein is well recognized as a Ca2+-binding molecular chaperone that facilitates the folding of newly synthesized glycoproteins and regulates the Ca2+ homeostasis in the ER lumen. However, functional relevance associated with its localization in other cellular compartments has also been reported. Recent studies suggest that both isoforms of plant CRTs (AtCRT1/2 and AtCRT3) are involved in regulating plant defense against biotrophic pathogens. Here we discuss the cellular functions of CRT and its connection to the emerging functions of AtCRTs in plant immunity.
Graft polymerization of triethoxyvinylsilane–styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane–methyl methacrylate binary monomers onto various silicates

Triethoxyvinylsilane–styrene and triethoxyvinylsilane–methyl methacrylate binary monomers were polymerized by chemical initiation or by γ-ray irradiation in the presence of silica gel, fire brick, quartz wool, and glass beads. The amount and composition of the polymers grafted to silicates were analyzed by using pyrolysis gas chromatography. When triethoxyvinylsilane alone was subjected to the reaction with silicates, condensation occurred irrespective of the initiating means, and the extent of the reaction was almost proportional to the specific surface area of the silicate. When binary monomer mixture was applied, incorporation of styrene or methyl methacrylate into the grafted polymer was observed whenever a monomer mixture of high styrene or methyl methacrylate content was submitted to the reaction. On each silicate, the relationship between the composition of polymer grafted on it and that of monomer showed a similar pattern in spite of the great difference of the specific surface area. Almost no participation of styrene or methyl methacrylate was observed when the silicate preirradiated in air or under vacuum was heated with the binary monomer mixture. It was concluded that triethoxyvinylsilane reacts with silicates by condensation and that some of the pendent vinyl groups on the silicates are incorporated into the copolymer with styrene or methyl methacrylate.
Physical simulation of work scheduling rules in a flexable manufacturing system

Abstract This paper describes a physical simulator of an actual flexible manufacturing system. The simulator was used to evaluate work scheduling rules for both part selection and machine selection. Twenty-eight decision rule sets were simulated and evaluated under six major performance criteria.
Quality of life in common variable immunodeficiency requiring intravenous immunoglobulin therapy

Background There are no studies of patients with primary immunodeficiency states receiving intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy that assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) using a well-standardized and reproducible method. Objectives To determine the HRQOL of patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) requiring IVIG therapy, to compare these patients with patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and congestive heart failure (CHF), to determine the factors that affect HRQOL, and to develop normative data on the HRQOL of these CVID patients, which can be used to follow the effects of future therapies. Methods Fifty-eight adults with CVID receiving IVIG therapy completed the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey to evaluate their HRQOL and were compared with DM and CHF patients. The impact of demographic, socioeconomic, and disease-related variables and comorbid conditions was examined in the CVID population. Results Patients with CVID had lower HRQOL scores in all dimensions compared with patients with DM and in 4 of 8 dimensions compared with patients with CHF. Increasing age and female sex were negatively associated with certain aspects of HRQOL. There were no significant effects from other socioeconomic or disease-related variables or comorbid conditions examined. Conclusions Patients with CVID receiving IVIG therapy have a significantly worse HRQOL than patients with other chronic illnesses, indicating there is much room for improvement in future therapies for this primary immunodeficiency state. The effects of future therapies can be evaluated by comparison with the normative data developed in this study.
High-Efficiency Production of Bioplastics from Biodegradable Organic Solids

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been extensively studied as environmentally friendly biodegradable thermoplastics. The major obstacle to wide acceptance of PHAs is their high price, mainly attributed to the costs of raw materials and polymer recovery. A large amount of organic solids are discarded from food production and consumption and may be used as carbonaceous raw materials for production of PHAs. A novel technology was investigated at bench-top scale to produce PHAs from food scraps. The harvested cell mass had a high PHA content (72.6% of dry cell mass), the same as obtained from pure glucose and organic acids. The organic solid was first digested in an acidogenic reactor in which about 60% solid was converted to fermentative products, including short-chain fatty acids. The four major acids were acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids at concentrations of 6, 2, 27, and 33 g/L, respectively. The acids were transported through a membrane barrier via molecular diffusion to an airlift bioreactor, where the acids were utilized by an enriched culture of Ralstonia eutropha for PHA synthesis. Purification of fermentative acids was not performed in this molecular diffusion–based integration of acidogenesis and polymerization. By using a dialysis membrane as the barrier, the dry cell mass concentration and PHA content reached 22.7 g/L and 72.6%, respectively. The PHA was a copolymer of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with 2.8 mole % of hydroxyvalerate.
Study on the Interactive Service Architecture for Industrial User in Smart Power Consumption

The objective of smart power consumption system is to make the large industrial user communicate actively with electric power operator by the means of smart measurement and control. The necessity of interactions between electric power corporation and large industrial users was analyzed. Then the interactive service architecture for large industrial user in smart power consumption and the relations among parts of the architecture were studied. The functions and key technologies of the interactive service architecture were also discussed. Further, by collecting the information such as internal power consumption information, device running information, laws of production, and development tend information et al., the electric power corporation can offer personalized, diversified, facilitated and interactive services for large industrial users. And the corporation can provide necessary information support for electric grid dispatching, power distribution planning, electric energy quality, line loss and power supply reliability.
The Center of Alcohol Studies and the Journal of Studies on Alcohol: celebrating 50 years.

HIS ISSUE marks the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of the first issue of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, though our celebration of the event in the Journal will continue for a full year. The Center of Alcohol Studies, the publisher of the Journal, also marks its fiftieth birthday this year. Jack H. Mendelson and Nancy K. Mello, editors of the Journal of Studies on Alcohol, take justifiable pride in the Journal's past, present and future role in the dissemination of some of the most important scientific and conceptual advances in alcohol studies. The faculty and staff of the Center of Alcohol Studies share in that pride, just as they take great satisfaction from the central role Center faculty and staff have played through the years in many important developments in research, treatment, prevention, education and information services.
The effects of sex-role traits on three aspects of psychological well-being in a sample of middle-aged women

The research assessed the effects of sex-role attributes on the mental health of a middle-class sample of 97 middle-aged women. Participants completed the PRF-Andro and questionnaires measuring three aspects of psychological well-being. More feminine women reported a greater degree of symptom distress (p<.05); more masculine women reported higher self-esteem and a greater sense of mastery (ps<.01). However, differences in (a) home versus work involvement and (b) reactions to the empty nest implied that androgynous and masculine women derived their sense of mastery from different social roles. The importance of examining role commitments and satisfactions in understanding the relationships between sex roles and mental health among different age groups of adult women is discussed.
A mass, energy, vorticity, and potential enstrophy conserving lateral boundary scheme for the shallow water equations using piecewise linear boundary approximations

A numerical scheme for treating fluid-land boundaries in inviscid shallow water flows is derived that approximates boundary profiles with piecewise linear segments (shaved cells) while conserving the domain-summed mass, energy, vorticity, and potential enstrophy. The new scheme is a generalization of a previous scheme that also conserves these quantities but uses stairsteps to approximate boundary profiles. Numerical simulations are carried out demonstrating the conservation properties and accuracy of the piecewise linear boundary scheme (the PLS) for inviscid flows and comparing its performance with that of the stairstep scheme (the STS). It is found that while both schemes conserve all four domain-summed quantities, the PLS generates depth and velocity fields that are one-half to one order more accurate than those generated by the STS, and it generates vorticity and potential vorticity fields that are at least as accurate as those generated by the STS and often more accurate. The higher accuracy of the PLS is due to its ability to generate smoother flow fields near boundaries of arbitrary shape.
Arcing faults in low and medium voltage electrical systems - Why do they persist?

Arcing faults can occur in low and medium voltage systems, causing high temperatures of the order of tens of thousands of degrees, resulting in severe damage to equipment and arc flash hazards with severe burns and possibly death. The electrical industry has adopted various codes and standards in an attempt to improve and enhance equipment safety, and decrease the possibility of the occurrence of arcing faults and thus mitigate the dangerous effects of arcing faults to humans. However, the NEC and other standards do not address the hazards associated when the equipment doors are open and a maintenance worker accidentally creates an arcing fault.
MIPS and BIPS are Megaflops: Limits of Unidimensional Assessments:

Traditional methods of evaluating local area network performance generally refer to the network's throughput, time delays, data rate (BIPS), or media access protocol efficiency. These measurements are quite acceptable when determining point-to-point benchmark network performance but do not take into account the more global man-machine performance issues associated with people using network systems to perform tasks and execute functions concurrently within a total systems'' context. This paper experimentally compares differences in human productivity/efficiency while using: (1) an existing data gathering system consisting of several geographically distributed, unconnected, and disparate mainframes; and (2) a prototype Intelligent Gateway (Local Area Network) connecting mainframes and offering the user less complexity in procedure execution and an easy to use interface. Tests were conducted with volunteer users in a repeated measures experimental design. Each test subject was randomly assigned to each of two conditions and required to execute routine tasks with each of two systems. ANOVA results revealed significant differences in task completion times and human error rates between the two systems. An increase in human productivity/efficiency was observed using the gateway LAN. 5 refs., 5 figs.
Solar system observations by the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photopolarimeter Experiment– III. The first ultraviolet linear spectropolarimetry of the Moon

Portions of the Moon were observed by the Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photopolarimeter Experiment (WUPPE) on 1995 March 12, 14 and 17, and represent the first ultraviolet (UV) spectropolarimetric observations of the Moon. The polarimetric observations confirm that a change in the dominant scattering process occurs in the UV, changing from volume scattering in the near-UV to surface scattering in the far-UV. The data are investigated empirically. It is found that Umov's relationship holds when the polarization is perpendicular to the scattering plane. It is also found that the degree of polarization can be modelled by a phase-angle-dependent polarization modified by a wavelength-dependent depolarization factor. The scattering function for each observation is determined.
Traumatic Divergent Elbow Dislocation in an Adult with an Associated Fracture of the Distal Part of the Humeral Shaft and an Open Perilunate Dislocation: A Case Report.

Divergent dislocation of the elbow represents an extremely rare injury. The proximal radioulnar joint is disrupted as the distal part of the humerus is driven between the radius and ulna, and the forearm dislocates posteriorly. We believe that DeLee, in 1981, reported the first modern case of divergent elbow dislocation that was confirmed by radiographs in a child1. Subsequently, to the best of our knowledge, there have been twenty-one additional reported cases of divergent elbow dislocation in children2-19. We identified only one previously published case report of traumatic divergent elbow dislocation in an adult20. We present an adult patient with a traumatic divergent dislocation of the elbow with an associated humeral fracture and an open perilunate dislocation. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent; the institutional review board approved the submission. ### Initial Patient Presentation A twenty-nine-year-old right-hand-dominant man presented to our emergency department after landing on the outstretched left upper extremity following a 15-foot fall from a ladder. Initial physical examination of the extremity revealed gross deformity of the midhumerus and swelling of the left elbow. A 2-cm wound over the lateral part of the elbow communicated with the radiocapitellar joint. Carpal bones were extruded through a second wound over the volar aspect of the wrist on the same extremity. The patient’s hand was well-perfused with palpable pulses. He reported paresthesias in the median nerve distribution. Radiographs demonstrated a displaced mid-diaphyseal humeral fracture and an open divergent elbow dislocation (Figs. 1-A and 1-B). Distally, the patient had an open trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocation, fracture of the trapezium, and left fourth and fifth metacarpal fractures (Figs. 2-A and 2-B). Additional injuries included fractures of the lumbar transverse processes, ribs, superior and inferior pubic rami, iliac wing, …
A Health Education Program for Underserved Community Youth Led by Health Professions Students

Objectives. To develop and implement a health fair and educational sessions for elementary school children led by health professions students. Design. The structure and process were developed with ...
Some remarks on compartmental analysis of uptake and washout data.

Abstract Three factors are identified which, if present, can invalidate the compartmental analysis of the uptake or washout of a substance in an isolated tissue preparation. These factors are nonlinearity, time-dependence and extracellular diffusion gradients. Practical tests for these factors are described. For a substance which is immobilized in the tissue by uptake into cells or by reversible, non-saturable binding to fixed sites, it is shown that if local equilibration is rapid then the uptake or washout curve, plotted against log(time), will have the same shape as the corresponding curve for an extracellular marker, but will be displaced horizontally from it. In addition, methods of analysis are described for situations where the final equilibrium uptake (or the amount permanently retained on washout) is not known, or where washout has been started before loading equilibration is complete. It is emphasized that uptake and washout curves will generally be consistent with a number of compartmental models, and that consequently the analysis of these curves will not establish a unique compartmental model. It is therefore desirable to obtain additional evidence from the use of extracellular markers or measures which modify in a known way the distribution of the substance under investigation.
Genetic identity between populations when mutation rates vary within and across loci

A formula is derived for the probability that two genes taken at random from the same locus in two populations isolated at time t ago are of the same allelic type. The model assumed is a neutral one where there are possibly different mutation rates between different alleles. Inequalities are derived for this probability. A particular result is that for a fixed overall mutation rate, the probability is least for the infinite alleles model. Inequalities and approximations are found for Nei's genetic identity at one locus when mutation rates vary, and also for the identity across loci when the overall mutation rates per locus vary. Genetic identity at the molecular level is considered and a probability generating function found for the number of segregating sites between two randomly chosen gametes from two divergent populations, under various models.
Differentiation of HIV-associated lymphoma from HIV-associated reactive adenopathy using quantitative FDG PET and symmetry

Purpose To determine the diagnostic accuracy of a semiautomated 18F-FDG PET/CT measurement of total lesion glycolysis (TLG), maximum and peak standardized uptake value at lean body mass (SUL-Max and SUL-Peak), qualitative estimates of left/right nodal symmetry and FDG uptake for differentiating lymphoma from reactive adenopathy in HIV-infected patients.
Multiple reference Fourier Transform holography using coherent high-harmonic soft-x-rays

We demonstrate multiple reference Fourier transform holography with coherent soft X-rays from a tabletop high harmonic source for the first time. Simple reconstruction using a two dimensional Fourier transform shows a 90 nm resolution.
Self-Determination Theory as an explanation for the evolution of enterprises

An extensive literature analyses work organisations from an evolutionary perspective. However, it is limited in addressing issues of causality, i.e. why should an organisational change occur and what is the mechanism of the change? These questions of causality are distinct from those like what enterprise forms exist, what the organisation's precursors were and what facilitating/enabling factors were present during an organisation's change. The current research suggests a more fully developed set of answers to the questions of causality using the well developed psychological 'self-determination theory' to connect the goal-related behaviour of individuals to enterprise growth and decline.
Pathogen safety of manufacturing processes for biological products: special emphasis on KOGENATE Bayer.

Summary. Manufacturers of human therapeutic proteins derived from biological sources continuously strive to improve the pathogen safety profiles of these products. Efforts to improve pathogen safety margins for these biological products are directed towards several areas within the manufacturing processes including: (a) sourcing and screening of raw materials (b) determining the potential for manufacturing processes to reduce pathogen titres, and (c) incorporating methods designed specifically to remove or inactivate contaminating pathogens. Methods that could potentially reduce pathogen titres are a major focus for many manufacturers. In general, these methods are grouped into two categories, pathogen clearance and pathogen inactivation. Assessments are performed on small-scale, laboratory simulations of the manufacturing process of interest that are spiked with a known amount of a selected pathogen. These studies provide estimates of the potential for a process step to remove or inactivate a particular pathogen. There are several pathogen clearance/inactivation methods that are inherent in manufacturing processes, however, some methods are intentionally incorporated into manufacturing for the sole purpose of reducing putative pathogen titres. Not only are well-known pathogens such as viruses targeted, but also suspected pathogens such as those associated with the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). The production processes for the isolation of several biological products, including recombinant KOGENATE® Bayer (Kogenate®FS), have been evaluated for the ability to reduce pathogen titres and/or have been designed to incorporate methods for reducing potential pathogen safety risks. Several processing steps with the potential to reduce pathogen titres have been identified.
Simple, robust and highly concurrent b-trees with node deletion

Why might B-tree concurrency control still be interesting? For two reasons: (i) currently exploited "real world" approaches are complicated; (ii) simpler proposals are not used because they are not sufficiently robust. In the "real world", systems need to deal robustly with node deletion, and this is an important reason why the currently exploited techniques are complicated. In our effort to simplify the world of robust and highly concurrent B-tree methods, we focus on exactly where B-tree concurrency control needs information about node deletes, and describe mechanisms that provide that information. We exploit the B/sup link/ -tree property of being "well-formed" even when index term posting for a node split has not been completed to greatly simplify our algorithms. Our goal is to describe a very simple but nonetheless robust method.
Time-domain Array Analysis of Hybrid Systems Involving Coded Non-linearities†

ABSTRACT The paper describes a numerical method using time-domain arrays for the analysis of discrete-continuous systems involving amplitude quantization, i.e. coded non-linearities. By the concept of generating matrices, systems of any order with synchronous or multi-rate samplers and involving multiple non-linearities may be analysed. The technique is particularly suited to digital computer implementation. An example of a saturating control system with error-amplitude quantization is considered.