cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Marginalized Mothers: Parenting Without a Home

The authors of this study used participatory and interpretive methods to capture the lived experience, strengths, and needs of homeless mothers. The interview data obtained challenge unfounded stereotypes and provide information about women's coping behaviors and resilience. The findings were developed in collaboration with shelter guests and staff and have important implications for public and university policy and shelter programs. For example, researchers need to become more aware of the limitations of current psychological theories and assessment tools designed to measure "effective coping" in disenfranchised individuals. To accomplish this goal, increased collaboration among researchers, activists, policy makers, and homeless families is recommended (e.g., by instituting roundtahle discussions as a standard part of shelter programs). It is also suggested that professional staff who work with women living in poverty avoid using deficit-oriented, victim-based models of intervention, and that staff provide women with opportunities to participate in the development of the curriculum for parenting classes.
Analytical ultracentrifugation: a powerful 'new' technology in drug discovery.

Analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) is a powerful means of characterizing the solution behavior of molecules. Sedimentation velocity analysis, the preferred AUC technique for characterizing complex systems, has higher resolution, broader applicable range and fewer solute/solvent limitations than gel-permeation chromatography. The technique is simple to perform and should become a mainstay for target identification, target validation, lead optimization, formulation in drug development and QA/QC. Recent studies have used AUC to characterize the binding stoichiometry and binding sites of an anti-tumor agent; of a hemoglobin-stabilizing protein, and of a fibril growth inhibitor, and to assess the causes of protein aggregation. The recent addition of fluorescence to the existing absorbance and interference detectors dramatically extends the flexibility of analytical ultracentrifugation.
3D-ICML: A 3D bipolar ReRAM design with interleaved complementary memory layers

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) has been demonstrated as a promising non-volatile memory technology with features such as high density, low power, good scalability, easy fabrication and compatibility to the existing CMOS technology. The conventional three-dimensional (3D) bipolar ReRAM design usually stacks up multiple memory layers that are separated by isolation layers, e.g. Spin-on-Glass (SOG). In this paper, we propose a new 3D bipolar ReRAM design with interleaved complimentary memory layers (3D-ICML) which can form a memory island without any isolation. The set of metal wires between two adjacent memory layers in vertical direction can be shared. 3D-ICML design can reduce fabrication complexity and increase memory density. Meanwhile, multiple memory cells interconnected horizontally and vertically can be accessed at the same time, which dramatically increases the memory bandwidth.
On the use of visualization in formal requirements specification

A limiting factor in the industrial acceptance of formal specifications is their readability, particularly for large, complex engineering systems. We hypothesize that multiple visualizations generated from a common model will improve the, requirements creation, reviewing and understanding, process. Visual representations, when effective, provide cognitive support by highlighting the most relevant interactions and aspects of a specification for a particular use. In this paper, we propose a taxonomy and some preliminary principles for designing visual representations of formal specifications. The taxonomy and principles are illustrated by sample visualizations we created while trying to understand a formal specification of the MD-11 flight management system.
A coupled finite element and meshless local Petrov–Galerkin method for two-dimensional potential problems

A coupled finite element (FE) method and meshless local Petrov-Galerkin (MLPG) method for analyzing two-dimensional potential problems is presented in this paper. The analysis domain is subdivided into two regions, a finite element (FE) region and a meshless (MM) region. A single weighted residual form is written for the entire domain. Independent trial and test functions are assumed in the FE and MM regions. A transition region is created between the two regions. The transition region blends the trial and test functions of the FE and MM regions. The trial function blending is achieved using a technique similar to the ‘Coons patch’ method that is widely used in computer-aided geometric design. The test function blending is achieved by using either FE or MM test functions on the nodes in the transition element. The technique was evaluated by applying the coupled method to two potential problems governed by the Poisson equation. The coupled method passed all the patch test problems and gave accurate solutions for the problems studied.
Relating effortful control, executive function, and false belief understanding to emerging math and literacy ability in kindergarten

This study examined the role of self-regulation in emerging academic ability in one hundred and forty-one 3- to 5-year-old children from low-income homes. Measures of effortful control, false belief understanding, and the inhibitory control and attention-shifting aspects of executive function in preschool were related to measures of math and literacy ability in kindergarten. Results indicated that the various aspects of child self-regulation accounted for unique variance in the academic outcomes independent of general intelligence and that the inhibitory control aspect of executive function was a prominent correlate of both early math and reading ability. Findings suggest that curricula designed to improve self-regulation skills as well as enhance early academic abilities may be most effective in helping children succeed in school.
Exploring the Relationship Between Social Capital and Individuals' Policy Preferences for Environmental Protection: A Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis

This paper presents an analysis of citizens' policy preferences for encouraging pro-environmental behaviour and the influence of social capital. Utilizing a multinomial logistic regression model, this paper aims to answer the following questions relating to citizen involvement in protecting the environment: (1) Do citizens prefer a policy that provides financial rewards for individuals who protect the environment to those that penalize individuals who damage the environment? (2) Do they prefer a policy that focuses on increasing environmental awareness through education to those that penalize individuals who damage the environment? (3) To what extent do individuals prefer punishment as a mechanism to control their behaviour? After controlling for individual characteristics, results showed that people with strong trust for fellow citizens and their government, prefer tax rewards and education to punishment mechanisms to promote pro-environmental behaviour. Results also showed that individuals are more like...
Effects of silvicultural treatments on survival and growth of trees planted on reclaimed mine lands in the Appalachians

Reforestation of reclaimed surface mined lands in the Appalachian coal producing region is difficult because most sites have dense ground covers, compacted soils, and unfavorable soil chemical properties. This study evaluated the effects of a range of silvicultural treatments on the survival and growth of different tree species planted on reclaimed coal mines in the Appalachians. Three sites were selected for study, one each in Ohio (OH), West Virginia (WV), and Virginia (VA). At each site, plots were planted with three species: (1) hybrid poplar; (2) white pine; and (3) a native hardwood mix. A gradient of silvicultural treatments designed to improve survival and growth of seedlings was applied: (1) weed control only; (2) weed control plus tillage; and (3) weed control plus tillage plus fertilization. First year survival and growth varied among the three sites and the species planted. In Virginia where the minesoil was developed from oxidized sandstone, survival and growth was better than at the sites in West Virginia and Ohio where siltstone and shale derived minesoils dominated the sites. Hardwood survival across treatments was 80%, 85% and 50% for the sites in Virginia, West Virginia, and Ohio, while white pine survival was 27%, 41%, and 58%, and hybrid poplar survival was 37%, 41%, and 72%, respectively. Growth of hybrid poplar increased in response to increasing silvicultural inputs while growth of white pine and the native hardwoods were generally not affected by the silvicultural treatments applied. Hybrid poplar height and diameter growth were superior to the other species. Height growth of this species was 127 cm during the first year in the most intensive treatment at the site in Virginia. In comparison, the greatest height growth of white pine and hardwood was 9 cm and 8 cm, respectively. Detailed measurements of above- and below-ground biomass and tissue nutrient concentrations were made on the hybrid poplar at the site in West Virginia. Hybrid poplar biomass increased from 16 g to 104 g from the least intensive to the most intensive silvicultural treatment for this site. The weed control + tillage + fertilization treatment improved the foliar nutrition compared to the other treatments. The survival and growth of hybrid poplar on these sites suggest that this species may be well suited for reforesting reclaimed mined land in the Appalachians.
A scratch pad memory for buffering multiwire proportional chamber data

Abstract A scratch pad memory has been developed for rapidly acquiring a series of data words from a group of multiwire proportional chambers. Use of this memory for buffering reduces the effective dead time in experiments involving high instantaneous event rates.
Probabilistic Estimates of Transient Climate Sensitivity Subject to Uncertainty in Forcing and Natural Variability

In this paper, the authors address the impact of uncertainty on estimates of transient climate sensitivity (TCS) of the globally averaged surface temperature, including both uncertainty in past forcing and internal variability in the climate record. This study provides a range of probabilistic estimates of the TCS that combine these two sources of uncertainty for various underlying assumptions about the nature of the uncertainty. The authors also provide estimates of how quickly the uncertainty in the TCS may be expected to diminish in the future as additional observations become available. These estimates are made using a nonlinear Kalman filter coupled to a stochastic, global energy balance model, using the filter and observations to constrain the model parameters. This study verifies that model and filter are able to emulate the evolution of a comprehensive, state-of-the-art atmosphere‐ocean general circulation model and to accurately predict the TCS of the model, and then apply the methodology to observed temperature and forcing records of the twentieth century. For uncertainty assumptions best supported by global surface temperature data up to the present time, this paper finds a most likely present-day estimate of the transient climate sensitivity to be 1.6 K, with 90% confidencetheresponsewill fallbetween1.3and2.6 K,anditisestimatedthat thisintervalmaybe45%smaller by the year 2030. The authors calculate that emissions levels equivalent to forcing of less than 475 ppmv CO2 concentration are needed to ensure that the transient temperature response will not exceed 2 K with 95% confidence. This is an assessment for the short-to-medium term and not a recommendation for long-term stabilization forcing; the equilibrium temperature response to this level of CO2 may be much greater. The flat temperaturetrendofthelastdecadehasadetectablebutsmallinfluenceonTCS.Thisstudydescribeshowthe results vary if differentuncertainty assumptions are madeand shows they are robust to variations in the initial prior probability assumptions.
Silver Resistance identified in clinically isolated Enterobacteriaceae: Major Implications for Burn and Wound Care

During the last 40 years, inorganic silver has become a popular additive for many medical devices including burn and wound dressings. As a result, concerns of widespread silver-resistance emerging in clinical bacteria have been raised. Previously, we identified the first clinical bacteria (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae) capable of luxuriant growth at exceedingly high concentrations of silver. Additional DNA sequence analysis revealed PCR products from these isolates had a high degree of similarity to other plasmids containing genes which encode for heavy metal resistance. These plasmids included pKPN3, pMG101, and many megaplasmids in the Klebsiella taxid. This finding suggests the existence of many genetically similar plasmids all with potential capabilities of expressing high levels of silver-resistance. Further antimicrobial testing against commercially-available silver dressings showed after 24 hours of dynamic contact, the silver-resistant isolates were largely resistant to many of the dressings. Data from a corrected zone of inhibition (CZOI) assay supported these findings. Neither of the silver-resistant isolates produced significant zones of inhibition after contact with the dressings, while the non-resistant organisms yielded a measureable zone of inhibition. Swabs from underneath the dressing post-incubation revealed the silver-resistant bacteria remained viable. Research revealed non-silver based wound dressings maintained high antimicrobial efficacy against these clinical bacteria without the risk of resistance. The development of acute silver- resistance would have significant consequences on wound care and patient outcomes. There is a significant need for non-silver based dressings that can effectively manage bioburden while minimizing resistant risks. Due to a current lack of antimicrobial stewardship practices for silver-based treatments, continued monitoring for silver-resistance is warranted.
Hydrologic Forecasting for Operation

This chapter is based on the premise that both water supply and water demand of a complex water resources system contain compositions and variations of their time series, that make them conducive to hydrologic forecast. Because demand is often highly affected by climatic and hydrologic variables (precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, snowmelt, etc.), it is subject also to hydrologic forecasting techniques, similar but not identical to water supply forecast. The ensuing discussion is not concerned with the details of forecast methods; rather it stresses the interaction of the power and utility of forecasting in providing benefits for the operation of water resources systems.
Simultaneous Monte Carlo zero-variance estimates of several correlated means

Zero variance procedures have been in existence since the dawn of Monte Carlo. Previous works all treat the problem of zero variance solutions for a single tally. One often wants to get low variance solutions to more than one tally. When the sets of random walks needed for two tallies are similar, it is more efficient to do zero variance biasing for both tallies in the same Monte Carlo run, instead of two separate runs. The theory presented here correlates the random walks of particles by the similarity of their tallies. Particles with dissimilar tallies rapidly become uncorrelated whereas particles with similar tallies will stay correlated through most of their random walk. The theory herein should allow practitioners to make efficient use of zero-variance biasing procedures in practical problems.
Abstract CN02-03: Hopes and challenges for early detection of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer has a low survival rate with the disease most often detected in advanced stages. Women at high risk may choose risk‐reducing salpingo‐oophorectomy with its associated clinical costs, because of the lack of known effective screening. The optimum screening test to improve the early detection of ovarian cancer and hopefully reduce mortality is an area of active research. Screening for the early detection of ovarian cancer presents challenges. The validity of the test is critical and requires high sensitivity and specificity to be effective, especially when applying the testing the general population. The low prevalence in the general population results in low positive predictive values even for tests with high sensitivity and specificity. Applying to high risk populations improves the predictive value, but reduces the overall sensitivity of any overall screening program. The recent developments in biomarkers for ovarian cancer will be reviewed and their potential applications in screening programs. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):CN02-03.
STUDY OF THE MULTIPLE OBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION OF OILFIELD DEVELOPMENT AND INTEGRATIVE JUDGMENT MATRIX

According to the reservoir engineering theories and optimization techniques, a multi-objective model of oilfield development programming on the basis of the establishment of the correlative relationship of the development index of oilfield was studied by the functional simulation theory, such as differential simulation method and NN method; And a programming algorithm of the integrative judgment matrix in AHP was also proposed to solve the multi-objective optimization problems. An example was presented; the calculating result indicated that the constructed model and the given method were feasible.
Analysis of Injury Surveillance in Sentinel Hospitals of Jiangxi Province in 2012

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of the injuries from sentinel hospitals in Jiangxi Province so as to provide scientific evidence for formulating the related policies and countermeasures. Methods The data were collected from 3 sentinel hospitals at different levels in Jiangxi Province. We analyzed the injury cases which were diagnosed for the first time in the sentinel hospitals from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2012. Results A total of 7,477 cases were monitored in 2012, and the male to female sex ratio was 1.5:1. Most injuries(38.2%)occurred in patients 45-64 years of age. The top three causes of the injuries were falling/dropping(58.8%), traffic accidents(16.1%)and blunt trauma(8.2%).The lower limb and upper limb were the main body parts injured, accounting for 59.3% of the total cases. Most common places of injury occurrence for the males and the females were road/street(35.0%)and home(42.5%), respectively. Injuries occurred mainly in the leisure, driving and ride, and paid work-based time. Most injury cases were unintentional(95.5%)and slight injuries(76.1%). Conclusions Injury surveillance in Jiangxi Province shows that male injury cases are more than female ones.The major causes of the injuries are falling, traffic accidents and blunt trauma and most injuries are unintentional and minor. Targeted intervention measures should be taken among the key populations based on the distribution characteristics of injury cases so as to reduce the injuries in Jiangxi Province.
Navigating scales of knowledge and decision‐making in the Intermountain West: implications for science policy

Managing multiple scales of climate knowledge and decision-making has proven key to the provision of useful climate information for decision support. In this chapter we use specific examples from the work of the Western Water Assessment RISA to illustrate how boundary work, consisting of convening, translating, collaborating and mediating, can help a research organization overcome the challenges that arise from mismatches between scales of knowledge and scales of decision-making. We then use lessons learned from those examples to call for science policies that better promote and support usable and scale-sensitive research for decision support.
Accurate substrate integrated waveguide modeling using an exact analytical formulation for multiple cylinder scattering

An analytical solution is presented for the scattering from multiple circular cylinders. The solution utilizes the spectral, plane-wave expansion of the fields in an iterative manner and accounts for all the multiple interactions between cylinders. The technique has direct applicability to the modeling of substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) structures where many cylindrical vias are used to generate guided waves between two conducting planes. The analytical technique provides a robust method for calculating propagation properties, leakage, and coupling.
Genome Sequences of Gordonia Phages Hotorobo, Woes, and Monty

ABSTRACT Hotorobo, Woes, and Monty are newly isolated bacteriophages of Gordonia terrae 3612. The three phages are related, and their genomes are similarly sized (76,972 bp, 73,752 bp, and 75,680 bp for Hotorobo, Woes, and Monty, respectively) and organized. They have extremely long tails and among the longest tape measure protein genes described to date.
Complications of bladder closure in cloacal exstrophy: Do osteotomy and reoperative closure factor in?

Abstract Background/purpose The aims of surgical management in cloacal exstrophy (CE) have shifted to optimizing outcomes and quality of life while minimizing morbidity. This report reviews the single-institution experience of complications of bladder closure in CE. Methods Patients with CE were identified from a prospectively-maintained bladder exstrophy–epispadias complex database. Operative and follow-up data were analyzed to compare complications and failure rates of bladder closure between closures performed with and without osteotomy and primary versus reoperative closures. Results Of 134 patients followed with CE, 112 met inclusion criteria. Median follow-up time was 3.05years. The failure rate among 112 primary closures (mean age 8.4months) was 31.3% versus 51.9% in reoperative closures (mean age 19.7months) ( p =0.044). Complication rate among primary and reoperative closures was 17.9% and 33.3%, respectively ( p =0.076). For closures with pelvic osteotomy, failure rate was 24.0% versus 45.9% without osteotomy ( p =0.018). Among primary closures with osteotomy, the complication rate was 21.3% versus 10.8% without osteotomy ( p =0.171). Conclusions Complications of bladder closure are common in CE. Pelvic osteotomy reduces failure rates without a significant rise in complications, which are often minor. There was no statistically significant difference in complication rates between reoperative and primary closures. However, reoperative closures were more likely to fail, emphasizing the importance of a successful primary closure. Level of evidence II: retrospective study.
Historical Analysis of Hydraulic Bridge Collapses in the Continental United States

AbstractPredictions of the risk to built infrastructure posed by climate and land-use change have suggested that bridge collapses may increase due to more frequent or intense flooding. Assessments ...
Conservation Laws in Two Space Dimensions

As noted earlier in this book, the general theory of nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws in several space dimensions is terra incognita. Nevertheless, a number of important problems in two space dimensions are currently tractable, as they admit stationary or self-similar solutions, in which case the number of independent variables is reduced to two. The chapter begins with an introduction to the Riemann problem for scalar conservation laws in two space dimensions. The resulting equation in the (two) selfsimilar variables retains hyperbolicity. The emerging wave pattern is quite intricate and, depending on the data, may assume any one of 32 distinct configurations, of which two representative cases will be recorded here. The next task is to consider stationary or self-similar solutions of the Euler equations for planar isentropic gas flow. The number of independent variables is again reduced to two; however, the price to pay is that the resulting system is no longer hyperbolic but ofmixed elliptic-hyperbolic type. In a transonic flow, the border between the elliptic and the hyperbolic region is a free boundary that has to be determined as part of the solution. The recently solved, classical problem of regular shock reflection by a wedge, for irrotational flow, will be discussed in some detail, as an illustrative example of this type. Additional examples of systems of conservation laws of mixed elliptic-hyperbolic type, arising in fluid dynamics or differential geometry, are found in the literature cited in Section 17.7.
Incorporation of CEA Improves Risk Stratification in Stage II Colon Cancer.

High-risk features are used to direct adjuvant therapy for stage II colon cancer. Currently, high-risk features are identified postoperatively, limiting preoperative risk stratification. We hypothesized carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) can improve preoperative risk stratification for stage II colon cancer. The National Cancer Database (NCDB 2004–2009) was reviewed for stage II colon adenocarcinoma patients undergoing curative intent resection. A novel risk stratification including both traditional high-risk features (T4 lesion, <12 lymph nodes sampled, and poor differentiation) and elevated CEA was developed. Unadjusted Kaplan-Meier and adjusted Cox proportional hazards analyzed overall survival. Concordance Probability Estimates (CPE) assessed discrimination. Seventy-four thousand nine hundred forty-five patients were identified; 40,844 (54.5%) had CEA levels reported and were included. Chemotherapy administration was similar between normal and elevated CEA groups (23.8 vs. 25.1%, p = 0.003). Compared to patients with CEA elevation, 5-year overall survival in patients with normal CEA was improved (74.5 vs. 63.4%, p < 0.001). Restratification incorporating CEA resulted in reclassification of 6912 patients (16.9%) from average to high risk. CPE increased for novel risk stratification (0.634 vs. 0.612, SE = 0.005). The routinely available CEA test improved risk stratification for stage II colon cancer. CEA not only may improve staging of colon cancer but may also help guide additional therapy.
Polymorphic responses of Medicago truncatula accessions to potassium deprivation.

Potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient for plants and the most abundant cation in cells. Due to variable K+ availability in the environment, plants must be able to adjust their developmental,...
Field Evidence about Auditors' Experiences in Consulting with Forensic Specialists

ABSTRACT: We propose and test a model that links the antecedents of consultation between auditors and forensic specialists to the work performed and the overall effectiveness of the consultation. T...
The Incongruities of Queer Decorum: Exploring Gabriel García Román’s Queer Icons

ABSTRACTGabriel Garcia Roman’s Queer Icons series disrupts the traditional form of renaissance era religious artwork, allowing viewers to consider the juxtaposition of the queer and trans people of color he foregrounds within the constructs of traditional religious iconography. Demonstrating a socially conscious brand of art that is emblematic of some of today’s visual artists, Garcia Roman works within and through traditional constraints (material, temporal, and spatial) to innovate new means of civic engagement and rhetorical intervention. Expanding on Perez and Brouwer’s work on queer decorum, I argue that Garcia Roman uses perspective by incongruity to revise the relationship between the center and margins, rearticulating what counts as art, where it ought to be viewed, and how it functions rhetorically.
Abstract TMP74: Evaluation of NIHSS-Onset to Groin Time and Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity Scale-onset to Groin Time Scores in Prediction of Outcomes After Endovascular Treatment in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients: A Retrospective Single-center Study

Background: Prehospital triage tools are essential to identify large vessel occlusion (LVO) in order to triage patients to a comprehensive stroke center for timely endovascular treatment (ET). Prehospital Acute Stroke Severity Scale (PASS) (score range 0-3) was recently identified as a valuable tool to predict LVO. Several studies have shown that in patients treated with IV tPA, a score calculated by multiplying admission NIHSS by the time from symptom onset to tPA treatment (in hours) can predict outcome. In our study, we applied similar concept for patients with LVO who underwent successful ET. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all LVO patients between January 2015 and June 2016 who received ET. We analyzed the association of time of symptom onset to groin time (OGT), NIHSS, PASS, NIHSS-OGT, and PASS-OGT with modified Rankin scale (mRS) at the time of discharge. Results: Fifty-four patients underwent ET during the study period. Patients with posterior circulation LVO and those treated after 6 hours from last known normal were excluded. A total of 34 patients were left for final analysis. Patients with a good outcome (mRS ≤2) had an average NIHSS-OGT score of 43.2 (95% CI: 29.7-56.8) and PASS-OGT score of 5.52 (95% CI: 4.48-6.56). Patient’s with poor to miserable outcomes (mRS 3-6) average NIHSS-OGT 84.7 (95% CI: 72.8-96.6) and PASS-OGT average 9.8 (95% CI: 8.3-11.2). For NIHSS-OGT cut off of 55 the sensitivity and specificity was 0.75 and 0.85 respectively; diagnostic odds ratio 16.5 (96% CI: 2.41-112.83). For PASS-OGT cut off of 6.5 the sensitivity and specificity were 0.88 and 0.76 respectively; diagnostic odds ratio 23.33 (95% CI: 2.37-229.33). The wide confidence intervals can be attributed to small sample size. Conclusion: Our study indicates NIHSS–OGT and PASS-OGT scores have a linear relationship with discharge mRS and can reliably predict early clinical outcomes after ET. Further confirmation with randomized control trials is needed.
Community Conversations on Integrated Employment: Examining Individualization, Influential Factors, and Impact

Although “community conversations” are a promising approach to address employment outcomes for young people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDDs), little research has addressed ho...
Beliefs about smoking-related lung cancer risk among low socioeconomic individuals: the role of smoking experience and interpersonal communication.

Introduction:Previous research has documented that smoking prevalence is generally high among low socioeconomic groups and that tobacco industries continue to target these population groups. Howeve...
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Protein Ultrafiltration for Converting Acid Whey to Valuable Products

The paper covers preliminary bench scale data and design and flow diagrams of our pilot plant for hydrolysis of the lactose in cheese whey, using fungal lactase immobilized on porous alumina. The reactors operate in the fluidized bed mode. The performance of 3–inch pilot scale reactors is compared with that of a 1–inch bench scale unit. The larger reactors appear to provide a higher conversion of lactose at the same residence time. This may be due to better distribution of the liquid in the feed to the larger reactors.
Mitral valve endocarditis presenting as complete heart block.

A 37-year-old woman with poorly controlled type II diabetes mellitus and renal insufficiency presented with fever, abdominal pain, and high-grade complete heart block (Fig. 1). The arrhythmia was originally thought to be secondary to hyperkalemia but persisted after treatment. The patient was subsequently found to have a 1.4-cm vegetation that extended from the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve, through the right fibrous trigone, into the right atrium (Fig. 2). A second, 0.9-cm vegetation was noted on the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. The aortic valve appeared normal. Fig. 1 Electrocardiogram shows complete heart block. Fig. 2 Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) reveals a 1.4-cm vegetation extending from the anterior leaflet, through the trigone, and into the right atrium. A second, 0.9-cm vegetation is visible on the posterior leaflet. At surgery, the patient was found to have a large abscess of the right fibrous trigone, a ventricular septal defect, and a fistula between the left atrium and ventricle through the mitral valve annulus. All cultures were positive for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. The patient required a permanent pacemaker, along with extensive reconstruction of the mitral annulus, trigone, and interventricular septum. The aortic valve was normal. The mitral valve was replaced, and a permanent pacemaker was implanted after the infection had cleared.
Critical values for therapeutic drug levels.

12 CLR 2015-2016 | MLO | www.clr-online.com Th e concept of critical values for drug levels was originally developed by the late Daniel M. Baer, MD, and fi rst published in the April 1982 issue of MLO. Th is table is an expanded version of that publication and newly revised for 2015-2016 by Catherine A. Hammett-Stabler, PhD, DABCC, FACB, Professor of Pathology, Director of Core Laboratories at McLendon Clinical Laboratories at UNC Medical Center in Chapel Hill, NC.
Kinematics of Crystalline Solids

Chapter 3 provides descriptions of kinematics of crystalline materials undergoing various deformation mechanisms at the microscopic scale. Specifically, such deformation mechanisms can include recoverable and residual elasticity, thermal expansion or contraction, plasticity manifesting from dislocation glide, and volume changes resulting from point defects and voids. A description of kinematics of deformation twinning is postponed until Chapter 8.
Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World: International Supplement

This Supplement to the Berkman Center's foundational White Paper, Copyright and Digital Media in a Post-Napster World, focuses on international legal issues of the transition to digitized media. The Supplement considers developments regarding copyright and related rights in Europe and Asia/Pacific (including Australia) against the backdrop of earlier studies by the Berkman Center's Digital Media Project that have reviewed the interplay of law, technology, and the business ecosystem. Part One briefly discusses the basic international copyright framework and provides an overview of three sets of important copyright agreements: The Berne Convention, Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) treaties. Part Two discusses the copyright framework in Europe as established by the European Copyright Directive and other European Union (EU) legislation. In this context, the Supplement explores legislative and regulatory developments at the level of both the EU itself and its member states. A selection of cases from European countries illustrates the current state of digital media law in action. Part Three reviews legislative and regulatory developments in the Asia/Pacific region and provides brief descriptions of the copyright laws in Australia, Singapore, Malaysia, China, Japan, and South Korea. It examines the impact of the international copyright treaties discussed in Part One. This section also provides an overview of actions taken against file-sharing Web sites and peer-to-peer (P2P) services in selected countries in the Asia/Pacific region. Part Four summarizes the legal campaign against online piracy, provides information about legal actions taken against individual file-sharers, and briefly outlines current attempts to fight online piracy in coordinated operations across the world. Part Five offers some conclusions about how the legal landscape is evolving in response to the challenges and opportunities posed by digital media.
Abstract 2622: T cell content of lymphatic fluid in pediatric patients is biased towards naïve and early memory cells: Implications for immunotherapy

Lymphatic fluid originating from tissue and organs drains back into the venous system usually near the innominate vein on the left side. T lymphocytes make up a large majority of the cells in lymphatic fluid, but little is known about their functional status. Cellular therapies such as chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T) therapy appear to depend on collecting large numbers of naive or early memory T cells, which may not be available in peripheral blood. We have prospectively characterized peripheral blood and lymphatic fluid T cells from 25 pediatric patients receiving therapeutic thoracic duct access procedures and identified the phenotype and CAR T cell potential. Patients were treated at the Children9s Hospital of Philadelphia for congenital or acquired lymphatic flow disorders, such as chylothorax, during which the thoracic duct was cannulated for therapeutic purposes. Excess fluid as well as a concomitant peripheral blood sample was collected and de-identified under an IRB-approved protocol. We quantified the CD3+ population using flow cytometry, and expanded these T cells using CD3/CD28 stimulatory beads as in CAR T cell manufacturing. We found an average cell concentration of 1.48e6 cells/mL of lymphatic fluid, with an average of 44% CD3+T cells versus 18% in blood (p Citation Format: David M. Barrett, Julie Storm, Jessica Perazzelli, Yoav Dori. T cell content of lymphatic fluid in pediatric patients is biased towards naive and early memory cells: Implications for immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2622.
Control of complex sociotechnical systems: Importance of causal models and game theory

Abstract Recent systemic failures in different domains have reminded us, once again, of the fragility of complex sociotechnical systems. Although the failures occurred in very different domains, there are, however, certain common underlying mechanisms driving these disasters. Understanding these mechanisms is essential to avoid such disasters in the future. To understand them, one needs to go beyond analyzing them as independent one-off accidents, and examine them in the broader perspective of the potential fragility of sociotechnical systems. It is their scale, nonlinearity, inter-connectedness, and interactions with humans and the environment that can make these systems fragile. Here we present an overview of the challenges and opportunities in the modeling and analysis of sociotechnical systems. We highlight a control-theoretic modeling framework that unifies the social and the technical components. We discuss how certain problems can be addressed by using concepts and techniques from causal modeling, game theory, and behavioral economics.
Do physical disabilities differentiate between suicidal ideation and attempts? An examination within the lens of the ideation to action framework of suicide.

OBJECTIVES This study examined histories of suicidality among those with and without physical disabilities. Physical disabilities were anticipated to differentiate those with a history of suicide attempts from those with a history of ideation only after accounting for the presence of health conditions and other correlates. METHODS Participants were 374 adults (M age = 36.08; 55.61% female; 84 with at least one physical disability) who completed a series of online questionnaires. Multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the effect of the presence of physical disabilities on states of suicidality. RESULTS The presence of a physical disability was associated with significantly increased odds of suicide attempts when compared to those with suicidal ideation only. This association was no longer significant when chronic pain conditions were classified as health conditions. CONCLUSION Physical disability may be a factor differentiating between ideators and attempt survivors.
Extending the toxic stress model into adolescence: Profiles of cortisol reactivity

Abstract The toxic stress model posits that extended activation of stress response systems in the absence of a supportive relationship with an adult may over time lead to physiological alterations to these same systems, and ultimately to poorer physical and mental health outcomes. However, empirical tests of model hypotheses in adolescence, a critical period of development, are lacking. This study expands the toxic stress model to include more developmentally-appropriate risk and protective factors for adolescents experiencing overwhelming and uncontrollable stressors. Data were collected for a study of early adolescents from urban low-income households (N = 101; 10–12 years old; 59% female). Participants and a caregiver completed questionnaires; youths completed the modified Trier Social Stress Task alone and provided six saliva samples. Using latent profile analysis, three profiles of cortisol reactivity were identified in early adolescents exposed to chronic environmental stress: Elevated and Reactive (11%), Moderate and Non-Reactive (26%), and Blunted and Non-Reactive (63%). In accordance with the toxic stress model, exposure to more community violence and less family support were associated with blunted cortisol reactivity, and Reactive profile membership was associated with fewer trauma symptoms. Overall, the findings provide empirical support for the extension of the toxic stress model in early adolescence through the application of developmentally-sensitive measures and provide implications for future interventions.
Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement reduces opioid misuse risk via analgesic and positive psychological mechanisms: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE Despite the heightened urgency of the current prescription opioid crisis, few psychotherapies have been evaluated for chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid analgesics. Current psychological pain treatments focus primarily on ameliorating negative affective processes, yet basic science suggests that risk for opioid misuse is linked with a dearth of positive affect. Interventions that modulate positive psychological processes may produce therapeutic benefits among patients with opioid-treated chronic pain. The aim of this study was to conduct a theory-driven mechanistic analysis of proximal outcome data from a Stage 2 randomized controlled trial of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement (MORE), an integrative intervention designed to promote positive psychological health. METHOD Patients with opioid-treated chronic pain (N = 95; age = 56.8 ± 11.7; 66% female) were randomized to 8 weeks of therapist-led MORE or support group (SG) interventions. A latent positive psychological health variable comprised of positive affect, meaning in life, and self-transcendence measures was examined as a mediator of the effect of MORE on changes in pain severity at posttreatment and opioid misuse risk by 3-month follow-up. RESULTS Participants in MORE reported significantly greater reductions in pain severity by posttreatment (p = .03) and opioid misuse risk by 3-month follow-up (p = .03) and significantly greater increases in positive psychological health (p < .001) than SG participants. Increases in positive psychological health mediated the effect of MORE on pain severity by posttreatment (p = .048), which in turn predicted decreases in opioid misuse risk by follow-up (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Targeting positive psychological mechanisms via MORE and other psychological interventions may reduce opioid misuse risk among chronic pain patients receiving long-term opioid therapy. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Optimism and Pessimism

A fundamental aspect of personality is the extent to which a person is either optimistic or pessimistic about the future. This property is conceptually aligned to expectancy-value models of motivation, meaning that it has implications for behavior, including health-related behavior. This presentation will provide an overview of some of the ways in which optimism is reflected in both psychological well-being and physical well-being, and on some of the mechanisms by which these effects may take place. The focus throughout is on the idea that optimists remain highly goal engaged when confronting adversity, whereas pessimists tend to exhibit tendencies toward disengagement. This results in differences in health-relevant behavior in at least two ways. First are differences in health promotion behavior (versus health impairing behavior). Second are differences in physiological reactivity to circumstances of stress.
Modifying the luminescent properties of a Cu(I) diphosphine complex using ligand-centered reactions in single crystals

Here we report how reactions at a chemically reactive diphosphine shift the long-lived luminescent colour of a crystalline three-coordinate Cu(I) complex from green to blue. The results demonstrate how vapochromism and single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformations can be achieved using ligand-centered reactions.
Abstract 3516: Commercial gene expression tests for prostate cancer outcome risk in men of West African ancestry

Both incidence and mortality data show that the burden of prostate cancer (PrCa) is greater for African Americans (AA) than for European Americans (EAs), with AAs about 1.7 times more likely to be diagnosed with PrCa than EAs and about 2.4 times more likely to die of this disease. Molecular testing of prostate cancer tissue is increasingly being incorporated into patient management. Current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend three commercially available gene expression based tests for PrCa prognosis: Decipher (GenomeDX), Oncotype GPS (Genomic Health) and Prolaris (Myriad). All three of these tests were developed in predominantly EA patient populations and subsequent studies in AA patients have not included ancestry genotyping to assess genetic admixture. In a pilot study we used the Genomics Resource Information Database (GRID) to compare the research versions of these three commercial gene expression tests for PrCa outcome risk in 157 cancer positive biopsy cores from 55 patients. We also performed ancestry genotyping to estimate each patients European, West African and Native American Ancestry. The overall distribution of scores predicting average, higher than average and lower than average outcome risk differed for the three tests, with higher risk scores in 17%, 7% and 27% and lower risk scores in 69%, 73% and 43% of the cores for the Decipher, GPS and Prolaris tests, respectively. Interestingly, 25%, 37%, and 16% of 56 Cores with high risk pathology (grade group 3-5) were classified as low risk by the Decipher, GPS and Prolaris tests, respectively. In the 21 cores from men with > 70% WA ancestry, 100%, 80% and 30% of cores with intermediate and high risk pathology (grade group 2-5) were paradoxically classified as low risk by the research Decipher, GPS and Prolaris tests, respectively. These preliminary results are consistent with the evidence recently published by Creed et al (2019) suggesting that the currently available commercial genomic tests may underestimate prostate cancer outcome risk in AAs. Ancestry genotyping may be useful in rescaling genomic prostate cancer outcome risk tests that were developed in predominantly EA cohorts for use in AA patients. Reference: Creed JH et al. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, published online 2019. Citation Format: Sandra M. Gaston, Rick A. Kittles, Radka Stoyanova, Teresa M. Giret, Saba A. Ansari, Sanoj Punnen, Alan Pollack. Commercial gene expression tests for prostate cancer outcome risk in men of West African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 3516.