cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Patient-specific modeling of aerosol delivery in healthy and asthmatic adults

Although it is evident that exacerbation mitigation is unsuccessful in some asthmatics, it remains unclear whether these patients receive adequate dosages of inhaled therapeutics. By coupling MRI a...
Case Study: Intrauterine infusion of oregano essential oils leads to carvacrol in milk of dairy cows

ABSTRACT Objective Our objective was to quantify carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol) in milk after prophylactic intrauterine administration of a natural oregano essential oil product in primiparous lactating Holstein cows under an organic management setting. Materials and Methods A single group of 5 Holstein cows was selected from a certified organic herd. A composite milk sample was collected from each cow as the baseline (0 h). All cows were treated 3 times every other day with an intrauterine solution containing 3.75 mL of natural oregano essential oils (NOEO) diluted in 117 mL of distilled water. Milk sampling schemes were (1) 5 cows sampled at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the first NOEO treatment and (2) 2 cows sampled at 6, 12, 24, and 48 h after the third NOEO administration. Carvacrol concentrations were determined using gas chromatograph mass spectrometry. Results and Discussion Carvacrol was detected in the samples collected after NOEO treatment. The highest concentration of carvacrol was at 6 h after the first NOEO treatment (mean ± SD; 0.217 ± 0.159 mg/kg). Most samples were below the limit of quantification after 48 h of the first treatment. Carvacrol reached the mammary alveoli after intrauterine administration of NOEO, with a considerable reduction of concentrations after 48 h of treatment completion. Implications and Applications Carvacrol, the main active ingredient of oregano essential oils, can reach different tissues after local application. This opens research opportunities to investigate the effects of carvacrol on milk quality and flavor, as well as the potential benefits of carvacrol as a antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent in the mammary gland and other tissues. Additionally, as we demonstrated the presence of carvacrol in unprocessed milk, the effects of this compound on consumers should be further investigated in relationship to potential health effects.
Implicit Regularization and Momentum Algorithms in Nonlinearly Parameterized Adaptive Control and Prediction.

Stable concurrent learning and control of dynamical systems is the subject of adaptive control. Despite being an established field with many practical applications and a rich theory, much of the de...
Smarthealth technology study protocol to improve relationships between older adults with dementia and family caregivers

Aim The aim of this study is to develop a Smarthealth system of monitoring, modelling, and interactive recommendation solutions (for caregivers) for in-home dementia patient care that focuses on caregiver-patient relationships. Design This descriptive study employs a single-group, non-randomized trial to examine functionality, effectiveness, feasibility, and acceptability of the novel Smarthealth system. Methods Thirty persons with Alzheimer's Disease or related dementia and their family caregivers (N = 30 dyads) will receive and install Smarthealth technology in their home. There will be a 1-month observation phase for collecting baseline mood states and a 2-month implementation phase when caregivers will receive stress management techniques for each detected, negative mood state. Caregivers will report technique implementation and usefulness, sent via Ecological Momentary Assessment system to the study-provided smartphone. Caregivers will provide daily, self-reported mood and health ratings. Instruments measuring caregiver assessment of disruptive behaviours and their effect on caregivers; caregiver depressive symptoms, anxiety and stress; caregiver strain; and family functioning will be completed at baseline and 3 months. The study received funding in 2018 and ethics board approval in 2019. Discussion This study will develop and test novel in-home technology to improve family caregiving relationships. Results from this study will help develop and improve the Smarthealth recommendation system and determine its usefulness, feasibility, and acceptability for persons with dementia and their family caregiver. Impact The Smarthealth technology discussed will provide in-home stress reduction resources at a time when older adults may be experiencing increasingly high rates of isolation and anxiety and caregiver dyads may be experiencing high levels of relationship strain. Trial registration This study was registered with Clinical Trials.gov (Identifier NCT04536701).
Why Hayne May Change Compliance Internationally

Australia’s Hayne Royal Commission report into the financial sector outlines 76 recommendations involving significant changes to the way the financial sector should change in a bid to end misconduct and ensure that organisations act in the best interests of their clients. The major themes were concentrated around culture, governance, management accountability, conduct, remuneration and the performance of regulators. Hayne’s simple message is that organisations should obey the law, not mislead or deceive and be fair in the services they provide, and ensure products are fit for purpose and be delivered with skill and care in the best interests of their clients. The upshot of Hayne’s report will provide compliance and risk teams within organisations, a more principled based mandate to “call out” corporate wrongdoing. The main message for financial institutions, senior executives and directors, is to “ignore compliance advice at your peril”.
Hollow-Structured Bilayer System for Windowpane Insulation

AbstractA hollow-structured bilayer coating system was developed to reduce heat loss through windowpanes. It was formed by two separate polymer films with stable air gaps in between. The outer surf...
Results of an Informal Needs Assessment Survey

A previous Informatics Education column argued that, while instruction is a competency defined by the Medical Library Association and is a job requirement for many public services librarians, littl...
Post-Communist Democracies and Party Organization

Scholars of post-communist politics often argue that parties in new democracies lack strong organizations - sizable membership, local presence, and professional management - because they do not need them to win elections and they may hinder a party's flexibility and efficiency in office. Post-Communist Democracies and Party Organization explains why some political parties are better able than others to establish themselves in new democracies and why some excel at staying unified in parliament, whereas others remain dominated by individuals. Focusing on the democratic transitions in post-communist Europe from 1990 to 2010, Margit Tavits demonstrates that the successful establishment of a political party in a new democracy crucially depends on the strength of its organization. Yet not all parties invest in organization development. This book uses data from ten post-communist democracies, including detailed analysis of parties in the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, and Poland.
Artery Wall Interactions in Early Atherogenesis

The early events in the development of the atherosclerotic lesion include lipoprotein entry, retention and modification in the artery wall, monocyte and lymphocyte recruitment into the subendothelial space, conversion of the monocytes into macrophage foam cells, and the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media into the subendothelial space where some become foam cells.1 In our laboratory we have considered these events to result from interactions between circulating lipoproteins and the cells and matrix of the artery wall. We have also considered the possibility that cell-cell interactions may have an important role in these events. In this chapter we will address lipoprotein transport, lipoprotein retention, monocyte recruitment, and conversion of monocytes into macrophages in the subendothelial space.
Remodeling of glycoprotein oligosaccharides after endocytosis: a measure of transport into compartments of the secretory apparatus.

Publisher Summary Polypeptides that are synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) are extensively modified in an ordered set of reactions located in discrete compartments of the ER and Golgi complex. This glycosylation can be used to track the progress of a protein through the secretory apparatus. If the protein has been modified by an enzyme that resides in a given compartment, the protein should have passed through that compartment. This approach can be used in a similar way to study endocytosis of glycoproteins into compartments of the secretory apparatus. It is necessary to create a situation where proteins in post-Golgi compartments have immature oligosaccharides that are substrates for enzymes in the secretory apparatus. This approach has been used to study the behavior of both cell membrane and soluble glycoproteins in a number of Golgi compartments defined by different enzymes of glycoprotein oligosaccharide synthesis. This chapter highlights the compartments defined by two of these enzymes—namely, sialyltransferase and Golgi α-mannosidase I. It also describes the methods for studying the cycling of proteins through these compartments. The behavior of cell surface transferrin receptor is also presented. The behavior of glycoproteins with modified oligosaccharides is studied in cells that are treated with glycosidases or inhibitors of glycosylation.
Age-dependent increase of brain copper levels and expressions of copper regulatory proteins in the subventricular zone and choroid plexus

Our recent data suggest a high accumulation of copper (Cu) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) along the wall of brain ventricles. Anatomically, SVZ is in direct contact with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which is secreted by a neighboring tissue choroid plexus (CP). Changes in Cu regulatory gene expressions in the SVZ and CP as the function of aging may determine Cu levels in the CSF and SVZ. This study was designed to investigate the associations between age, Cu levels, and Cu regulatory genes in SVZ and plexus. The SVZ and CP were dissected from brains of 3-week, 10-week, or 9-month old male rats. Analyses by atomic absorption spectroscopy revealed that the SVZ of adult and old animals contained the highest Cu level compared with other tested brain regions. Significantly positive correlations between age and Cu levels in SVZ and plexus were observed; the SVZ Cu level of old animals was 7.5- and 5.8-fold higher than those of young and adult rats (p < 0.01), respectively. Quantitation by qPCR of the transcriptional expressions of Cu regulatory proteins showed that the SVZ expressed the highest level of Cu storage protein metallothioneins (MTs), while the CP expressed the high level of Cu transporter protein Ctr1. Noticeably, Cu levels in the SVZ were positively associated with type B slow proliferating cell marker Gfap (p < 0.05), but inversely associated with type A proliferating neuroblast marker Dcx (p < 0.05) and type C transit amplifying progenitor marker Nestin (p < 0.01). Dmt1 had significant positive correlations with age and Cu levels in the plexus (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that Cu levels in all tested brain regions are increased as the function of age. The SVZ shows a different expression pattern of Cu-regulatory genes from the CP. The age-related increase of MTs and decrease of Ctr1 may contribute to the high Cu level in this neurogenesis active brain region.
Quality of Life Technology [Scanning the Issue]

The articles in this special issue focus on advancements in quality of life technology, or QoLT. This is defined as intelligent systems that augment body and mind functions for self-determination for older adults and people with disabilities. QoLT systems can take many forms: they could be a device that a person carries or wears, a mobile system that accompanies a person, or a technology-embedded environment in which a person lives.
Framing effects within the ethical decision making process of consumers

There has been neglect of systematic conceptual development and empirical investigation within consumer ethics. Scenarios have been a long-standing tool yet their development has been haphazard with little theory guiding their development. This research answers four questions relative to this gap: Do different scenario decision frames encourage different moral reasoning styles? Does the way in which framing effects are measured make a difference in the measurement of the relationship between moral reasoning and judgment by gender? Are true framing effects likely to vary with the situation? and Are true framing effects likely to vary by gender? The conclusions reached were that (1) different scenario frames encourage both types of reasoning, but rule based moral reasoning is dominant regardless of frame, (2) accounting for formal equivalency in the measurement of true framing effects is likely to enhance the interpretation of studies in moral reasoning and judgment, (3) True framing effects are more likely to occur in situations with low to moderate perceived ethicality, and (4) true framing effects are not likely to vary by gender. Explanations as to why these results occurred are discussed.
Self-regulated learning: Practical Interventions for Struggling Teens by Brier, N.

Self-Regulated Learning: Practical Interventions for Struggling Teens is a curriculum-based workbook and companion CD for adolescents who are academically underperforming in school. It is designed ...
Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier, Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think

Viktor Mayer-Schonberger and Kenneth Cukier’s Big Data: A Revolution That Will Transform How We Live, Work and Think unveils the future possibilities of building on the analysis of vast amounts of data. Hypothetical correlation goes out the window, and the new methodology behind datafication opens new possibilities for companies and governments in the 21 century. The authors explain the importance of this data-driven approach, how messiness trumps exactitude, and the unlimited potential for many of data completeness. They also illustrate how searches on Google open new possibilities, but caution of the dark future of shattered privacy that could prevail as depicted in movies like Minority Report.
Investigating the Molecular Origins of Responsiveness in Functional Silicone Elastomer Networks

Dielectric, calorimetric, and dynamic mechanical measurements were performed to delineate the types and dynamic rates of molecular scale motion in modified poly(vinylmethyl siloxane) (PVMS) stimuli-responsive networks, where pendent groups of the form -S-(CH2)n-OH were chemically attached to the vinyl moiety of PVMS. The glass transition temperature (Tg) for the unsubstituted PVMS network matches that previously reported for linear PVMS indicating that the flexibility of the polymer chains is unaffected by the network cross-linking. In contrast, Tg increases with the introduction of pendent groups of the type -S-(CH2)n-CH3 or -S-(CH2)n-OH, where n is 2, 6, or 11, as the different groups constrain the siloxane backbone to differing degrees. The macroscopic response time and amplitude, as previously measured bydynamic contactangle,arecorrelated withtheobservedglass transition temperatures. Onecon- clusion is that the flexibility of the network and the interactions between pendent groups affect responsiveness.
Diode-pumped 1-W continuous-wave Er:YAG 3-mum laser.

We have demonstrated 1.15 W of Gaussianlike (M(2) = 2) cw output at 2.94 mum from a diode laser end-pumped monolithic laser crystal composed of Er-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) bonded to undoped YAG. The laser was pumped with two polarization-coupled 2.5-W flared laser diodes that provided a 45-mum pump waist with a low N.A. (<0.04) . Output at 2.94 mum was generated with a 34% slope efficiency and a greater-than-unity quantum efficiency.
ON ESTIMATING STOCK MARKET VOLATILITY: AN EXPLORATORY APPROACH

Traditional methods of estimating market volatility use daily return observations from a stock index to calculate monthly variance. We break with tradition and estimate stock market volatility using the daily, cross-sectional standard deviation of returns for all firms trading on the New York Stock Exchange and the American Stock Exchange. We find a significantly positive relation between risk and return. Market volatility is estimated to be about half the volatility level previously reported. The intraday, cross-sectional market volatility measure provides findings consistent with risk-return theory.
Crack initiation and growth toughness of an aluminum metal-matrix composite

The effects of systematic changes in matrix microstructure on crack initiation and growth toughnesses were determined on an Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy containing 0, 15, 20 percent by volume of SiC particulates. Materials were heat treated to underaged (UA) and overaged (OA) conditions of equivalent matrix microhardness and flow stress. Although both the fracture initiation and growth toughnesses, as measured by JIc and tearing modulus, were similar for the unreinforced materials in the UA and OA conditions, significant effects of microstructure on both JIc and tearing modulus were observed in the composites. SEM and TEM observations of fracture paths in the two conditions are utilized to rationalize these observations in light of existing theories of ductile fracture propagation.
Static response of sparsely probabilistic systems

Abstract A formal matrix inversion procedure is developed which enables the evaluation of the static response of mechanical and structural systems composed of sparsely nondeterministic component parts. The methodology provides the determination of the mean, standard deviation as well as the various higher order statistical moments of the system output response, namely of the deflections, forces, stresses, strain, etc. This includes the capability to handle any form of statistical component variation. Due to the generality of the formalism, solution conditioning can be established via a priori qualitative and quantitative convergence criteria. Because of the development of efficient recursive algorithms, the computational effort associated with the calculation of the various statistical moments is ordered by the inverse of the traditional system stiffness martrix. In this context, the scheme can handle large scale lumped, finite element and difference type simulations. To demonstrate the methodology, the results of several benchmark problems are presented.
Response of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults to potato: Implications for monitoring and sampling

Abstract Many stored product insect pests are known to be attracted to a moisture source, and thus vegetables with high moisture content could be used as an efficient and economical sampling and monitoring tool. This study was conducted to test the potential of using fresh-cut potato as a lure to attract Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults. Preference of T. molitor adults to potato was determined using choice and non-choice tests, and food search behavior and movement of T. molitor adults in response to fresh-cut potato were investigated with videography and spatial analysis. The results of this study showed that T. molitor adults were attracted consistently to moisture and fresh-cut potato in both choice and non-choice olfactory tests. Tenebrio molitor adults showed preference to potato over media (i.e., both dry and wet oats). In spatial movement study, T. molitor adults were spatially oriented toward potato, and aggregated and stayed on potato. The results of this study suggest that fresh-cut potato can be used to attract T. molitor adults as an economical and environment-friendly lure for sampling and monitoring.
On the vanishing of evanescent operators

Abstract In dimensional regularization, any four-fermion operator mixes with an infinite number of other four-fermion operators. All but a finite number of these formally vanish when the number of space-time dimensions, d, is taken to be d=4. It is not obvious that the matrix elements of these so-called “evanescent” operators vanish beyond tree level. We show that one can choose a renormalization scheme such that this is indeed the case. Nevertheless, there are physical effects produced by these operators.
Iraq and Hubris: Avoiding History a Review Essay

Book reviewed in this article: Hubris: The Inside Story of Spin, Scandal, and the Selling of the Iraq War: Michael Isiko. and David Corn Blind into Baghdad: America's War in Iraq: James Fallows Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq: Stephen Zinzer The Politics of Truth: Inside the Lies that Led to War and Betrayed My Wife;s CIA Identity: Joseph Wilson The Italian Letter: How the Bush Administration Used a Fake to Build the Case for War in Iraq: Peter Eisner and Knut Royce Iraq and the Lessons of Vietnam: or, How Not to Learn From the Past: Lloyd C. Gardner, Marilyn B. Young, Eds.
A multiobjective approach to design chemical plants with robust dynamic operability characteristics

Abstract In chemical plants, operability problems arise mainly due to poor process designs, inaccurate models and/or the control system designs that are unable to cope with process uncertainties. In this paper, a process design methodology is presented that addresses the issue of improving dynamic operability in the present of process uncertainty through appropriate design modifications. The multiobjective nature of the design problem is carefully exploited in the subsequent formulations and a nonlinear programming approach is taken for the simultaneous treatment of both steady-state and dynamic constraints. Scope—Today, a chemical engineer faces the challenge of designing chemical plants that can operate safely, smoothly and profitably within a dynamic process environment. For a typical chemical plant, major contributions to such an environment originate from external disturbances such as variations in the feedstock quality, different product specifications and/or internal disturbances like catalyst poisoning and heat-exchanger fouling. To guarantee a flexible operation despite such upsets, traditionally, the procedure was either to oversize the equipment or to place large storage tanks between the processing units. Proposed design methods attempted to find optimal operating regimes for chemical plants while compensating for process uncertainty through empirical overdesign factors. Studies concerned with the interplay between the process design and operation aspects have appeared recently [1, 2] and focused on achieving better controllability upon modifying the plant design, without explicitly considering process uncertainty. Nevertheless, maintaining satisfactory dynamic operability in an environment of uncertainty remained as a pressing issue and the need was raised quite frequently for a rigorous treatment of the topic [3]. The development of new analytical tools [4, 5] made it possible to consider dynamic operability at the process design stage and modify the plant design accordingly. In this paper, a methodology is presented, that systematically guides the designer towards process designs with better dynamic operability and economics, The problem is formulated within a multiobjective optimization framework and makes extensive use of singular-value decomposition and nonlinear semi-infinite programming techniques. Conclusions and Significance—A multiobjective optimization problem is proposed for designing chemical processes with better dynamic operability characteristics. Robustness indices are used as the indicators of dynamic operability and placed as constraints within the optimization scheme. A semi-infinite nonlinear programming problem results due to the frequency-dependent nature of such constraints. A discretization procedure is suggested to handle the infinite number of constraints and an ellipsoid algorithm allows an interactive solution of the process design problem. A process consisting of three CSTRs is treated as an example, illustrating the potential of the methodology in solving design-related operability problems.
Configuration Mixing and J Dependence in l = 3 Stripping and Pickup Reactions

To study effects of configuration mixing on the forward angle $J$ dependence in $l=3$ stripping and pickup reactions, angular distributions for the ($d,p$) reaction on $^{48}\mathrm{Ti}$, $^{50}\mathrm{Cr}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Fe}$, and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ have been measured for those final states which contain most of the ${f}_{\frac{7}{2}}$ or ${f}_{\frac{5}{2}}$ single-particle strength. At an incident energy of 19 MeV, these ($d,p$) reactions (with an average $Q$ value of 6 MeV) correspond to the inverse ($p,d$) reaction measured at an incident energy of 25 MeV. The present data therefore can be directly compared with the $^{56}\mathrm{Fe}$ and $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}(p,d)$ data of Glashausser and Rickey. Significantly less $J$ dependence is found for transitions to final states for which configuration mixing effects are unimportant. This observation thus strongly supports the explantion of the forward angle $J$ dependence in terms of configuration mixing.
The spatial resolution properties of composite compact finite differencing

Demand for spectral-like spatial routines to resolve fine-scale physics is easily satisfied by compact finite differencing. Commonly, the lower-order multi-parameter families at (and near) non-periodic boundaries are independently tuned to meet or exceed the high-order resolution character of the field stencil. Unfortunately, that approach quantifies a false influence of the boundary scheme on the resultant interior dispersive and dissipative consequences of the compound template. Knowing that each composite template owns three ingredients that define their numerical character, only their formal accuracy and global stability have been properly treated in a coupled fashion. The present work presents a companion means for quantifying the resultant spatial resolution properties. The procedure particularly focuses on the multi-parameter families used to diminish the dispersive and dissipative errors at the non-periodic boundaries. The process introduces a least-squares technique of the target field stencil to optimize the free parameters of the boundary scheme. Application of the optimized templates to both the linear convection and Burgers equations at a fictitious non-periodic boundary showed major reductions of the predictive error.
Determination, of Reservoir Permeability From Repeated Induction Logging

Description of a method for estimating permeability from time-lapse induction logging data.
Evaluation of poly(propylene-co-1-hexen-6-ol) as an interfacial agent in polypropylene/glass laminates

Abstract This paper evaluates an effective interfacial agent, poly(propylene-co-1-hexen-6-ol) (hydroxylated polypropylene, PP-OH), that improves the adhesion between polypropylene (PP) and glass. Owing to the unique brush-like microstructure of PP-OH, with flexible primary hydroxy groups and long sequences of propylene units, the hydroxy groups effectively form chemical bonds with the free silanol groups on the glass surface, and the PP segments cocrystallize with isotactic PP. The strong interfacial interactions are shown in 90° peel tests of PP/glass laminates. Both scanning electron microscopy and contact-angle studies on the fracture surfaces indicate no adhesive failure during peeling. In addition, differential scanning calorimetry studies demonstrate the cocrystallization between PP and PP-OH, and reflection infra-red results provide direct evidence of chemical bonding between PP-OH and glass surfaces.
Selenium accumulation in selected vegetables

Absract Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine selenium (Se) uptake by sulfur‐accumulating vegetables. Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis), Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris var. cicla) and collards (Brassica Oleracea var. acephda) were grown in a soil mix to which 4.5 mg of selenate or selenite had been added per kg of soil. Plants were grown to maturity, separated into plant organs, and the tissues analyzed for Se and sulfate (SO4). Vegetables grown in selenate laden soil significantly (P<0.05) accumulated higher concentrations of Se than plants grown in selenite laden soil. The highest concentrations of Se and SO4 were found in the broccoli floret and vegetable leaf tissues. A second greenhouse experiment examined the uptake of Se and SO4 in broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. botrytis) grown hydroponically with increasing Se concentrations. Treatments consisted of three Se concentrations (2, 6, and 15 mg of selenate, added as Na2SeO4/L to a synthetic...
Morbilliform Eruptions Caused by Penicillin

Although much has been learned regarding the immunology of penicillin eruptions, the advances are largely limited to reactions mediated by humeral antibodies. Therefore, we undertook a study of the more common, but less well-understood morbilliform eruptions which occur several days to weeks following penicillin therapy. Biopsies were taken from 4 patients with such eruptions and from 4 control subjects and studied by electron microscopy as well as light microscopy. The patients were skin tested with penicillin antigens and studied for hemagglutinating antibodies. The results showed no abnormalities in hemagglutinating antibodies, no detectable skin-sensitizing antibodies or delayed sensitivity to penicillin derivatives. Electron microscopy revealed striking differences between patients with penicillin eruptions and controls. The involved skins showed intercellular edema limited to the basal area and some intracellular edema. The basement lamina remained intact. Other morphologic changes presented interesting similarities to those seen in pemphigus vulgaris including clumped perinuclear tonofibrils and "tomb-stone-like" basal keratinocytes. Fluorescence studies revealed anti-epithelial antibodies in the blood serum of 2 of the 4 patients with morbilliform penicillin eruptions.
Comparative peptidomics analysis of neural adaptations in rats repeatedly exposed to amphetamine.

Repeated exposure to amphetamine (AMPH) induces long-lasting behavioral changes, referred to as sensitization, that are accompanied by various neuroadaptations in the brain. To investigate the chemical changes that occur during behavioral sensitization, we applied a comparative proteomics approach to screen for neuropeptide changes in a rodent model of AMPH-induced sensitization. By measuring peptide profiles with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and comparing signal intensities using principal component analysis and variance statistics, subsets of peptides are found with significant differences in the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, and medial prefrontal cortex of AMPH-sensitized male Sprague–Dawley rats. These biomarker peptides, identified in follow-up analyses using liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry, suggest that behavioral sensitization to AMPH is associated with complex chemical adaptations that regulate energy/metabolism, neurotransmission, apoptosis, neuroprotection, and neuritogenesis, as well as cytoskeleton integrity and neuronal morphology. Our data contribute to a growing number of reports showing that in addition to the mesolimbic dopamine system, which is the best known signaling pathway involved with reinforcing the effect of psychostimulants, concomitant chemical changes in other pathways and in neuronal organization may play a part in the overall effect of chronic AMPH exposure on behavior.
The Migrant Metropolis and American Planning

Problem: Immigration poses various problems for U.S. cities and regions, and the roles planners should play in migrant communities are not clear. Purpose: I consider how practitioners and scholars have understood and addressed the planning challenges and opportunities presented by the major migrations of ethnic minorities to U.S. cities and regions over the past century. Methods: I trace discussions of planning and migration at professional planning conferences over the past century and survey planning scholarship and practice related to immigration and migrant communities in three principal eras: early 20th century southern and eastern European immigration; the mid-century internal migrations of African Americans and Puerto Ricans; and immigration in the late 20th and early 21st century. Results and conclusions: Over the past century, immigration has had physical, economic, and social effects on people and places that are legitimate concerns of urban planners. Yet, the planning profession has had an ambi...
Effects Of Non-Spherical Drops On A Phase Doppler Spray Analyzer

A phase/Doppler spray analyzer (P/DSA) and a laser imaging system was used to study the response of a P/DSA to nonspherical particles. Methanol particles with an aspect ratio ranging from 0.7 to 1.4 were used in this investigation. Results indicated that the P/DSA was quite sensitive to particle shape. A Berglund-Liu generator was used to produce particles of 98 microns (volumetric diameter). The P/DSA instrument measured particle sizes ranging from 142 microns for a particle of aspect ratio 0.7, to 84 microns for an aspect ratio of 1.4. Particle diameters based on averaged x and y diameters for the laser imaging system ranged from 95 microns to 92 microns over the same range of aspect ratios.
Start-up Procedure and Switching Loss Reduction for a Single-Phase Flying Capacitor Active Rectifier

This paper describes a research conducted on a single-phase flying capacitor active rectifier. An online process that reduces the total number of switching events, which leads to a reduction of switching losses in the converter, is introduced. This method is based on redundant state selection, which is used to regulate the voltage of flying capacitors. The proposed approach is general and can be applied to flying capacitor converters with any number of levels. Furthermore, in order to control the inrush current at the start of operation and avoid extra voltage and current stress for active switches and capacitors, a start-up procedure that precharges the flying capacitors is proposed. With this precharge procedure, no additional hardware is needed. Simulation and laboratory results demonstrate these new concepts.
Final analysis of colorectal cancer patients treated with irinotecan and 5-fluorouracil plus folinic acid neoadjuvant chemotherapy for unresectable liver metastases

We have previously reported that neoadjuvant therapy with modified FOLFIRI enabled nearly a third of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) to undergo surgical resection of liver metastases. Here, we present data from the long-term follow-up of these patients. Forty patients received modified FOLFIRI: irinotecan 180 mg m−2, day 1; folinic acid, 200 mg m−2; and 5-fluorouracil: as a 400 mg m−2 bolus, days 1 and 2, and a 48-h continuous infusion 1200 mg m−2, from day 1. Treatment was repeated every 2 weeks, with response assessed every six cycles. Resected patients received six further cycles of chemotherapy postoperatively. Nineteen (47.5%) of 40 patients achieved an objective response; 13 (33%) underwent resection. After a median follow-up of 56 months, median survival for all patients was 31.5 months: for non-resected patients, median survival was 24 months and was not reached for resected patients. Median time to progression was 14.3 and 5.2 months for all and non-resected patients, respectively. Median disease-free (DF) survival in resected patients was 52.5 months. At 2 years, all patients were alive (8 DF), and at last follow-up, eight were alive (6 DF). Surgical resection of liver metastases after neoadjuvant treatment with modified FOLFIRI in CRC patients achieved favourable survival times.
Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the environment.

Although most oil pollutants enter the environment as a result of chronic inputs associated with the extraction, production, transport, utilization, and disposal of this fossil fuel resource, most public concern occurs when there are large accidental oil spills, particularly if these pollute water supplies or recreational areas. Great public attention has been given to oil pollution of the seas, where several major tanker and offshore oil well accidents have released large amounts of oil into the marine environment, visibly contaminating beaches and seabirds. The absence of a “major” spillage in the past few years that could have contaminated recreational beaches, and the scientifically accepted recognition that oiled ecosystems recover as a result of natural processes that remove oil pollutants, have led to diminished public and scientific interest in the environmental fate of oil pollutants. Chronic sources of petroleum pollution, spillages that contaminate groundwater, and land disposal of oily sludges remain problems that may be mitigated by bioremediation and deserve continued study.
Magnetic storm dynamics of the thermosphere

A theoretical study of the Dst component of magnetic storms is presented. The dynamic characteristics are found significantly different for Joule dissipation and electron precipitation, leading to the conclusion that the former is probably the predominant heat source for the upper thermosphere. Composition measurements on OGO-6, which reveal markedly different characteristics in N2, O and He, can be explained on the basis of energy advection and diffusive mass transport by thermospheric winds. Essential features in the F2-region response are explicable in terms of these dynamic processes. Electric field induced motions are estimated and it is concluded that resultant adiabatic heating could be significant.
Grocery Store Acess Patterns in Rural Food Deserts

Many small rural towns have lost local grocery stores to larger, more centralized towns. As a result they become food deserts, places with no or few proximate food stores. This study examines differences among rural food desert residents and their access to grocery store patterns. We find that households in two rural lowa counties regularly shop two grocery stores weekly and travel about 18 minutes each way. While most residents of these counties use their own vehicle to obtain food, older persons and those with limited incomes are more likely to be dependent on family, friends, neighbors and others. Sixteen percent of open country compared to 11 percent of rural town residents regularly shop for food out-of-county at supercenters, discount and wholesale food stores. An increasingly rural aging population suggests lower mobility, isolation, and future access to food store concerns as retail food consolidation continues. Policy makers need to examine rural transportation systems and develop an infra-struct...
Understanding Retained Patronage Refunds in Agricultural Cooperatives

The share of patronage refunds retained by an agricultural cooperative is modeled as arising from the portfolio decision of its median member. The member is viewed as maximizing expected utility by allocating wealth between investments in farming assets and equity in the cooperative. Determinants of the share of patronage refunds retained are the expected rates of return on these two investments, their variances, their covariance, and the expected future share of patronage and its variance. Empirical examinations of aggregate cooperative data and cross-section analysis of seventeen regional supply cooperatives are found to be consistent with the model.
The use of syntactic information in filling gaps.

Two sentence-comprehension time experiments replicated and extended previously reported research indicating that readers initially make a quick, heuristic assignment of fillers to gaps in temporarily ambiguous sentences such as “Who did John beg to sing?” and “Who did John beg to sing for?” The Most Recent Filler heuristic readers seemed to adopt made the former “distant filler” sentence harder to comprehend than the latter “recent filler” sentence. Readers did not in general use all available sources of information in making this assignment. In particular, they usually delayed their use of verb control information so that substituting the unambiguous-control verbs “force” or “begin” for “beg” did not eliminate the distant filler inferiority. the experiments counter some criticisms that have been made of the previously reported research. The possibility that readers delay using an interesting natural category of information was raised, and its implications for the mental grammar were considered.
Production and detection of relic gravitons in quintessential inflationary models

A large class of quintessential inflationary models, recently proposed by Peebles and Vilenkin, leads to post-inflationary phases whose effective equation of state is stiffer than radiation. The expected gravitational wave logarithmic energy spectra are tilted towards high frequencies and characterized by two parameters: the inflationary curvature scale at which the transition to the stiff phase occurs and the number of (nonconformally coupled) scalar degrees of freedom whose decay into fermions triggers the onset of a gravitational reheating of the Universe. Depending upon the parameters of the model and upon the different inflationary dynamics (prior to the onset of the stiff evolution), the relic gravitons energy density can be much more sizable than in standard inflationary models, for frequencies larger than $1$ Hz. We estimate the required sensitivity for detection of the predicted spectral amplitude and show that the allowed region of our parameter space leads to a signal smaller (by one $1.5$ orders of magnitude) than the advanced laser interferometric gravitational wave observatory sensitivity at a frequency of $0.1$ kHz. The maximal signal, in our context, is expected in the GHz region where the energy density of relic gravitons in critical units (i.e., ${h}_{0}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{GW}})$ is of the order of ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6},$ roughly eight orders of magnitude larger than in ordinary inflationary models. Smaller detectors (not necessarily interferometers) can be relevant for detection purposes in the GHz frequency window. We suggest or speculate that future measurements through microwave cavities can offer interesting perspectives.
Renal ischemia-reperfusion leads to long term infiltration of activated and effector-memory T lymphocytes.

It is well-established that significant ischemia-reperfusion injury during kidney transplantation results in increased incidence of long-term fibrosis and rejection. To test for a role of T cell infiltration and activation following ischemic injury, we induced both bilateral and unilateral renal ischemia in mice, followed by reperfusion, and then isolated mononuclear cells. Analysis of these cells by flow cytometry showed that 2 weeks after bilateral ischemia there was a significant increase of CD8 + T cells. Furthermore, both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells infiltrated the injured kidney 6 weeks after unilateral ischemia. These T cells had increased expression of CD69 + and CD44 hi CD62L - , markers of activation and effector-memory, respectively. CD4 + NK1.1 + and CD19 + B cells were decreased in percentage both 6 and 11 weeks after bilateral or unilateral injury. There was a significant upregulation of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, MIP-2, and RANTES expression, measured by real-time PCR, 6 weeks after unilateral renal ischemia, further indicating T cell activation. Depletion of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells before ischemia caused less medullary damage and reduced kidney IFN-γ expression, whereas their depletion following ischemia increased kidney IL-1β; however, depletion of these cells had no effect on histological damage to the kidney. Our study demonstrates that moderate or severe kidney ischemia induces long-term T lymphocyte infiltration and cytokine/chemokine upregulation, leading to kidney structural changes.
Measurement of statistical moments of resolved and overlapping chromatographic peaks

Abstract A method for the accurate calculation of statistical moments, excess and skew is described. Based on peak width, asymmetry and peak height measurements this method is applicable to both fully resolved and overlapping chromatographic peaks. IT is also useful for the deconvolution of overlapping chromatographic peaks. The advantages of this method over the traditional approach to measuring peak statistical moments, excess and skew are discussed.
Intraperitoneal and systemic chemotherapy for advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma: a case report.

Five to ten percent of patients with adenocarcinoma of the endometrium present with advanced disease [1] or develop metastasis and require systemic therapy for control of disease. About one-third (33%) of recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer responds to progestational agents [2–4]. The efficacy of a single chemotherapeutic agent in endometrial adenocarcinoma is in the range of 20–30% [5–7]. Multidrug programs have produced a response rate between 30% to 70% in advanced cancer of the endometrium [8–12]. Knapp et al. [13] and Esposito et al. [14] reported that the intraperitoneal route of chemotherapy administration produced peak concentration of the drug in the abdomen that was 30–400 times that attained by the intravenous route. This case report illustrates a favorable response in advanced endometrial adenocarcinoma to a multiagent program consisting of intraperitoneal administration of two agents and an oral progestational agent.
A Climatology and Comparison of Parameters for Significant Tornado Events in the United States

AbstractA sample of 448 significant tornado events was collected, representing a population of 1072 individual tornadoes across the contiguous United States from 2000 to 2008. Classification of convective mode was assessed from radar mosaics for each event with the majority classified as discrete cells compared to quasi-linear convective systems and clusters. These events were further stratified by season and region and compared with a null-tornado database of 911 significant hail and wind events that occurred without nearby tornadoes. These comparisons involved 1) environmental variables that have been used through the past 25–50 yr as part of the approach to tornado forecasting, 2) recent sounding-based parameter evaluations, and 3) convective mode. The results show that composite and kinematic parameters (whether at standard pressure levels or sounding derived), along with convective mode, provide greater discrimination than thermodynamic parameters between significant tornado versus either significant...
Mercury in the heart.

Abstract Intravenous injection of metallic mercury is well described. 1–5 To our knowledge, echocardiographic findings of intracardiac mercury have not been presented. Sources of intravascular mercury are diverse and include accidental (during blood gas sampling), intentional (believed to increase muscular strength) and suicidal, as in our patient. This article describes certain consequences of intentional intravenous mercury injection, including echocardiographic manifestations.
Carbon catalysis in the aqueous oxidation of SO2 by NO2 and air

Sulfur dioxide and an oxidant gas (air or NO2) were bubbled through aqueous suspensions of both washed and unwashed carbon black as well as through samples of wash water, which contained whatever soluble species were originally present on the carbon, and high-purity water. The sulfate yields obtained showed the washed and unwashed carbon to be equally catalytic for the oxidation of SO2 to sulfate by both oxidants, whereas little sulfate was generated in either the wash water or high-purity water in the absence of carbon. These results indicate that the sulfate yields produced in aqueous suspensions of the carbon studied are due to catalysis by the carbon particles rather than by soluble species dissolved from them.