cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Efficient Tracing Methodology Using Automata Processor

Tracing or trace interface has been used in various ways to find system defects or bugs. As embedded systems are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, tracing can provide useful information during system execution at runtime. Non-intrusive tracing that does not affect system performance has become especially important, but unfortunately, the biggest obstacle to this approach was the vast amount of real-time trace data, making it challenging to address complex requirements with relatively limited hardware implementations. Automata processors can be programmed with a memory-like structure of automata and have a structure specific to streaming data, large capacity, and parallel processing functions. This paper promotes the idea of high-level system-on-chip monitoring using automata processors. We used a safety-critical pacemaker application in the experiments, described timed automata (TA)-based requirements, and tested intentionally injected 4,000 random failures. The TA model converted for Automata Processor to monitor system, correctness, and safety properties achieved 100% failure detection rate in the experiment, and the detected failure is reported as fast enough to allow enough extent for failure recovery.
Casual conversations in everyday spaces can promote high public engagement with science

ABSTRACTUniversity researchers are asked to make their work relevant and accessible to people beyond their research fields, increasingly by undertaking public engagement with science themselves. Ho...
Breakthrough the Limit of New Energy Power Consumption with Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things

Building ubiquitous power internet of things (UPIoT) is a necessary means to achieve the goal of energy transition. Starting from the development history and problems of power system, the significance of UPIoT was discussed, the implementation strategies and possible problems were put forward. To realize the energy transition, the installed capacity of renewable energy such as wind, photovoltaic (PV) and so on is increasing. The randomness of these sources of energy causes tremendous pressure on the power balance, wind and PV power curtailment occur. In order to maintain the stable operation of power system and improve the utilization rate of wind power and PV, it is necessary to control controllable load and distributed generation. Therefore, it is needed to connect controllable load and distributed power generation with the UPIoT. Conventional power plants, large-scale wind farms, PV stations have been connected to dispatching center, and can be directly controlled. Therefore, the main task of UPIoT is to connect load and distributed generation, especially controllable load. Electric vehicles are the easiest controllable loads, followed by electric refrigerator, electric boilers and air conditioners. Utilizing the UPIoT, coordinated control of wind power and PV, controllable load, distributed power generation, etc., can improve the utilization rate of wind power and PV, and achieve the goal of energy transition.
[Progress in research of bacillus calmette-guerin vaccination and repeated vaccination].

Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious diseases threating human health, bacillus balmette-guerin vaccine (BCG) is the only available TB vaccine now, neonatal vaccination can significantly reduce the incidence and death of tuberculosis. However, due to its limited protection period, one dose vaccination after birth does not have a protective effect for adolescents and adults. Therefore, how to reduce the prevalence of TB in adolescents and adults effectively is essential for TB prevention and control. In this paper, we reviewed the literature from PubMed, CNKI, and Wanfang database to analyze and summarize the characteristics of BCG vaccine, immune effects and immunity endurance, the effects of BCG vaccination and repeated BCG vaccination in adolescents adults and discuse the change of attitude and trends of BCG use in the three documents issued by the World Health Organization on position of BCG. Key words: Tuberculosis; Bacillus balmette-guerin; Vaccination; Repeated vaccination
Genetic diversity and phylogeny of strains of Clavibacter nebraskensis associated with recent and historic Goss's wilt epidemics in the north Central USA

Goss's wilt and blight of maize, caused by Clavibacter nebraskensis, is an important disease in the USA and Canada. The re‐emergence of Goss's wilt in the mid‐2000s and the subsequent spread of this disease probably resulted from changes in crop management practices and possibly changes in the pathogen population. The objectives of this study were to determine the genetic diversity and phylogeny of strains of C. nebraskensis associated with recent and historic Goss's wilt epidemics in the north Central USA, to measure the effects of collection period on population structure, and to identify the phylogenetic status of avirulent strains of C. nebraskensis. Multilocus sequence analysis and typing were used to address these objectives. Bayesian analysis of the sequences of atpD, dnaK, and kdpA separated the type strain of C. nebraskensis from type or reference strains of three other Clavibacter spp. The 125 strains of C. nebraskensis used in this study formed a monophyletic taxon. Four lineages were identified. Clades I, II, and IV contained a high proportion of highly virulent strains from the Upper Midwest. Clade III contained a high proportion of strains from Nebraska, Colorado, and South Dakota collected between 1969 and 1998. A significant substructure was detected between subpopulations from historic outbreaks in Nebraska and Colorado and more recent outbreaks in Minnesota. Virulence or avirulence in maize was not correlated with a particular MLSA clade. The results support the hypothesis that genetic changes in the population of C. nebraskensis were correlated with recent area expansions of Goss's wilt.
Data-driven Distributionally Robust Optimization for Edge Intelligence

The past few years have witnessed the explosive growth of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The necessity of real-time edge intelligence for IoT applications demands that decision making must take place right here right now at the network edge, thus dictating that a high percentage of the IoT created data should be stored and analyzed locally. However, the computing resources are constrained and the amount of local data is often very limited at edge nodes. To tackle these challenges, we propose a distributionally robust optimization (DRO)-based edge intelligence framework, which is based on an innovative synergy of cloud knowledge transfer and local learning. More specifically, the knowledge transfer from the cloud learning is in the form of a reference distribution and its associated uncertainty set. Further, based on its local data, the edge device constructs an uncertainty set centered around its empirical distribution. The edge learning problem is then cast as a DRO problem subject to the above two distribution uncertainty sets. Building on this framework, we investigate two problem formulations for DRO-based edge intelligence, where the uncertainty sets are constructed using the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Wasserstein distance, respectively. Numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed DRO-based framework.
Abstract PO-041: Multiplexed ion beam imaging to describe tumor-immune microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a tumor of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system, accounting for 10% of pediatric cancer associated deaths and the most common cancer diagnosed during infancy(1,2). This neural crest derived malignancy is characterized by clinical heterogeneity ranging from spontaneous regression in some patients to treatment resistance, metastasis and death in others(3,4). Here, we report the application of Multiplexed Ion Beam Imaging (MIBI), a single-cell, high-dimensional imaging method to determine the expression and co-expression of antigens on neuroblastoma cells and describe the local immune environment. We have optimized a 40-antibody panel to capture adrenergic or mesenchymal identity(5,6), infiltrating immune cells, tissue architecture and known neuroblastoma proteins. We optimized our antibody staining and determined tissue specificity using a unique tissue microarray which included 32 NBL cores but also additional childhood solid tumors including osteosarcoma, glioblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor, and Wilms tumor. Healthy pediatric tissues from various organs including kidney, liver, and tonsil were also included. We have uncovered divergent neuroblastoma cell populations differentiated by co-expression of CD57, Ki67 and GPC2 as well as mesenchymal (FN1 and SNAI2/SLUG) and adrenergic (TH, GATA3 and PHOX2B) antibodies, demonstrating promising early results of our application of MIBI. We will describe infiltrating immune populations and spatial relationships to these unique tumor cell populations. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of using MIBI to make translatable discoveries in neuroblastoma and other childhood cancers. With this we will lay the foundation for future discovery and validation of novel targets for immunotherapy in neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Marte B. Kammersgaard, Marc Bosse, Daniel Martinez, Kristopher R. Bosse, John M. Maris, Crystal L. Mackall, Robert M. Angelo, Kara L. Davis. Multiplexed ion beam imaging to describe tumor-immune microenvironment and tumor heterogeneity in neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Tumor Heterogeneity: From Single Cells to Clinical Impact; 2020 Sep 17-18. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(21 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-041.
Organizational Politics between Colleague and Supervisors of IT and ITeS, and its Impact on Employee’s Turnover Intention, Social Loafing and Effect on Self-esteem by Conceptualizing Stress as Mediating Variable

Purpose –‘Return on Investment’ is the foremost focus for every business which has the motive to make profits. Overheads costs such as training, welfare measures, allowances, incentives and so forth are spent for the growth of employees, by assuming boding evolved over the time period for an employee will stay back to render service in the organization. Retaining an employee saves the double the cost of recruiting and training the candidates. Employers focus big picture of the organization. Whereas, the staffs of an organization lapse team cohesiveness and objectives by spreading ego, nepotism spreads as organizational politics. Late 1990’s IT, ITES and BPO absorbed huge employees in India. In the financial year 2015 highest attrition across industries was seen in the ITeS sector (21.9%) (Deloitte, Annual compensation survey.2015). This research paper conceptually proposes from the perspective of organizational politics and its impact for turn over intention, social loafing and building self-esteem, with stress variable as mediating moderator. Design/methodology/approach –Using a conceptual approach, the article proposes quantitative research, cross-sectional time bound. Based on structured equation model (SEM) the variables association conceptualized to assess. The article develops and proposes a conceptual model as a foundation to discover the associations between the effects of social loafing and organizational politics on turnover intention and does it builds the self-esteem of an employee. Stress evaluated as mediating moderator model. Findings –This paper contributes to an enhanced model to ensure employee engagement and high performing teams by ensuring transparent work culture. Through, the organizational politics and social loafing affects the functionality of employee and organization. This focuses to find stress impact and how for the variables builds the self-esteem of employees. Practical implications –The driver for this research is to contribute to the different dimensions of emerging literature and perspective on organizational politics and mental status of an employee out it. Employee engagement initiatives could begin with intangible measures rather than material things. Originality/value –This article contributes to the employee engagement organizational politics, the employee who has the attitude of social loafing out of it stress arise among teams reduces the optimum utilization. Predicting and arresting turnover intention of employees ensures high performing teams, which stimulates organizational sustainability always on the move.
An experimental testbed for mobile offshore base control concepts

The concept of a mobile offshore base (MOB) reflects the need to stage and support military and humani- tarian operations anywhere in the world. A MOB is a self- propelled, modular, floating platform that can be assembled into lengths of up to 2 km, as required, to provide logistic support to US military operations where fixed bases are not available or adequate. It accommodates the take-off and landing of C17 aircraft, and can be used for storage, as well as to send resources quickly to shore. In most concepts, the structure is made of three to five modules, which have to perform long-term station-keeping in the presence of winds, waves, and currents. This is usually referred to as dynamic positioning (DP). In the MOB, the alignment is maintained through the use of thrusters, connectors, or a combination of both. In this paper, we consider the real-time control of scaled models of a MOB. The modules are built at the 1 : 150 scale, and are kept aligned by rotating thrusters under a hierarchical hybrid control scheme. This paper describes a physical testbed developed at the University of California, Berkeley, under a grant from the US Office of Naval Research, for the purpose of evaluating competing MOB control concepts.
Impact of spatial correlation on the spectral efficiency of wireless OFDM systems using multiple antenna techniques

Multiple antenna techniques (MAT) are expected to be used in next generation cellular systems to provide higher capacity, higher data rates and improved signal quality. In this paper, the spectral efficiency of a broadband mobile OFDM system using ideal adaptive modulation/coding is evaluated for various multiple antenna techniques. A generic model to evaluate the system performance for such a complex system is presented. Cellular system-level results are given for a single transmit antenna, dual transmit diversity with Alamouti encoding, and various MIMO techniques (idealized and practical). The impact of spatial correlation of the fading on the system performance is studied and quantified. Results indicate that the theoretical MIMO capacity is only moderately sensitive to correlated fading at the receive array with uncorrelated fading at the transmit array. Moreover, a practical scheme using a separate stream on each transmit antenna with a linear MMSE receiver is found to be much more sensitive to correlated fading. When the TX and RX arrays consist of only two antennas, Alamouti encoding with receive diversity is a simple technique that performs quite well.
The Legal Aspects of the Franchise Relationship

In Part II of our study, the authors deal with the myriad of legal issues that pervade the franchise relationship. Of particular interest are the differences between the sale of a franchise and the sale of a security; an analysis of the elements of the critical Franchise Disclosure Document (FDD); a detailed look at the franchise contract; some â€œspecial protectionsâ€ available to automobile dealers and petroleum dealers in the United States; and the relationship between franchising and U.S. antitrust law (which provides a fertile area of litigation between franchisors and franchisees). The purpose of Part II is to inform the franchisee about the issues that will require professional attention by a competent and well-versed franchise contract advisor and legal expert.
Low threshold current planar buried heterostructure lasers with close spatial and large spectral separation

In this work we report a novel technique for achieving extremely closely spaced laser devices that may have nearly arbitrarily large, but well controlled, wavelength separation between the emitters. The basic concept underlying this device strategy, which we refer to as the stacked active layer (SAL) technique, is described. An initial set of epitaxial layers is grown, containing two or more active regions immediately adjacent to each other for the two or more wavelengths of operation that are desired. The active regions are stacked in the order of increasing emission wavelength, or decreasing energy bandgap as one moves upward from the crystal substrate. Patterned etching is used to remove the longer wavelength active regions in those areas where it is desired to have the shorter wavelength active regions operate. This patterned etch is followed by a regrowth of the upper cladding layer over all devices. >
Extended Therapy With Letrozole and Ovarian Suppression in Premenopausal Patients With Breast Cancer After Tamoxifen

Abstract Introduction In premenopausal women with breast cancer, standard adjuvant endocrine therapy has been 5 years of tamoxifen. This study sought to investigate the safety and feasibility of treating patients who remain premenopausal after adjuvant tamoxifen with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRH-a) concurrent with an aromatase inhibitor, mimicking the strategy that has proven effective in postmenopausal patients. Patients and Methods This phase II single-arm clinical trial aimed to enroll 50 premenopausal women who had completed > 4.5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen for a 2-year course of leuprolide (7.5 mg intramuscularly monthly or 22.5 mg intramuscularly every 3 months) and letrozole (2.5 mg orally daily). Zoledronic acid (4 mg intravenously every 6 months) was offered optionally to help prevent bone loss. Results Despite aggressive recruitment strategies at the 3 participating sites (including Dana-Farber Cancer Institute), poor accrual over 3.5 years ultimately led to early study closure after only 16 patients began therapy. Of the 16, 4 stopped treatment before 1 year, owing to toxicity; 5 completed 2 years of protocol-directed therapy; and 7 remained on treatment as of September 1, 2013, for an average of 53.5 weeks (SD, 17.2 weeks). Hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and pain were common toxicities. Conclusion Extended therapy with GnRH-a and an aromatase inhibitor (plus optional bisphosphonate) is associated with substantial side effects in premenopausal women who have already completed > 4.5 years of adjuvant tamoxifen. This study's poor accrual suggests that young women may not be highly motivated to pursue lengthier courses of endocrine therapy and that future studies of this approach may be challenging.
Change detection thresholds for remotely sensed images

The detection of change in remotely sensed images is often carried out by designating a threshold to distinguish between areas of change and areas of no change. The choice of threshold is often arbitrary however. The purpose of this paper is to offer a statistical framework for the selection of thresholds. The framework accounts for the facts that one carries out multiple tests of the null hypothesis of no change, when searching for regions of change over an image with a large number of pixels. Special attention is given to global spatial autocorrelation, which can affect the selection of appropriate threshold values.
A Checklist for Successful Quantitative Live Cell Imaging in Systems Biology

Mathematical modeling of signaling and gene regulatory networks has provided unique insights about systems behaviors for many cell biological problems of medical importance. Quantitative single cell monitoring has a crucial role in advancing systems modeling of molecular networks. However, due to the multidisciplinary techniques that are necessary for adaptation of such systems biology approaches, dissemination to a wide research community has been relatively slow. In this essay, I focus on some technical aspects that are often under-appreciated, yet critical in harnessing live cell imaging methods to achieve single-cell-level understanding and quantitative modeling of molecular networks. The importance of these technical considerations will be elaborated with examples of successes and shortcomings. Future efforts will benefit by avoiding some pitfalls and by utilizing the lessons collectively learned from recent applications of imaging in systems biology.
Modulation of C-Type Inactivation by K+ at the Potassium Channel Selectivity Filter

With prolonged or repetitive activation, voltage-gated K+ channels undergo a slow (C-type) inactivation mechanism, which decreases current flow through the channel. Previous observations suggest that C-type inactivation results from a localized constriction in the outer mouth of the channel pore and that the rate of inactivation is controlled by the-rate at which K+ leaves an unidentified binding site in the pore. We have functionally identified two K+ binding sites in the conduction pathway of a chimeric K+ channel that conducts Na+ in the absence of K+. One site has a high affinity for K+ and contributes to the selectivity filter mechanism for K+ over Na+. Another site, external to the high-affinity site, has a lower affinity for K+ and is not involved in channel selectivity. Binding of K+ to the high-affinity binding site slowed inactivation. Binding of cations to the external low-affinity site did not slow inactivation directly but could slow it indirectly, apparently by trapping K+ at the high-affinity site. These data support a model whereby C-type inactivation involves a constriction at the selectivity filter, and the constriction cannot proceed when the selectivity filter is occupied by K+.
Elastomeric impression materials: Effect of bulk on accuracy

Impression trays were fabricated providing 2, 4, and 6 mm spaces to determine the stability and accuracy of nine elastomeric impression materials on a simulated full crown preparation steel die. The interface space of 2 mm produced the most accurate impressions for all of the materials tested. All impression materials except one fell within the revised American Dental Association Specifications. The clinical-type tests, using castings on dies poured from these materials, corroborated the acceptance of those materials and techniques exhibiting the least dimensional change.
Four-year incidence and progression of visual impairment in Latinos: the Los Angeles Latino Eye Study.

Purpose To determine the 4-year incidence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness and worsening of visual acuity in adult Latinos and Hispanics aged 40 years and older. Design Population-based, longitudinal study. Methods Participants underwent a detailed ophthalmologic examination including assessing both presenting binocular visual acuity (PVA) and best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA) in both eyes using a standard Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy protocol. The main outcome measures are 4-year incidence of visual impairment and blindness based on PVA or BCVA in the better-seeing eye and defined as (1) baseline visual acuity (PVA or BCVA) of 20/40 or better and a follow-up PVA or BCVA of less than 20/40 but better than 20/200, and (2) baseline PVA better than 20/200 and a follow-up PVA of 20/200 or less, respectively. Monocular worsening was defined as a decrease of 5 or more, 10, and 15 letters in either eye. Results Four thousand six hundred fifty-eight participants were examined at baseline and the 4-year follow-up. The 4-year incidence of presenting binocular VI and blindness was 2.9% and 0.3%. The 4-year incidence of best-corrected VI and blindness was 1.2% and 0.3%. The 4-year incidence of monocular worsening by 5 or more, 10, and 15 letters was 24.8%, 8.5%, and 3.1%, respectively. The incidence of VI and blindness increased with age at baseline (P Conclusions Overall, the annual incidence of VI in Latinos and Hispanics was higher than that reported in non-Hispanic white persons and the highest reported in a population-based study in the United States. Screening and intervention programs to reduce visual impairment and blindness should focus on the older Latino population.
Cyclic voltammetry study of arsenic in acidic solutions

Abstract An electrochemical investigation of arsenic species in acidic solutions, using cyclic voltammetry at a platinum rotating disk electrode, has been carried out. A well defined peak at about 1 VSCE, with a large overpotential (>0.5 V) is attributed to the oxidation of As(III) to As(V). The reaction is under the mixed control of ionic transport and charge transfer. The corresponding reduction of As(V) is not observed in the potential range of the study (−0.6 to +1.2 VSCE). As(V) is not electrochemically active in this range and it has no effect on hydrogen evolution. With As(III) in solution, hydrogen evolution on Pt is shifted towards more negative potentials and it takes place simultaneously with arsine production. A small cathodic peak at −0.2 VSCE and a corresponding anodic peak at +0.3 VSCE are attributed to the deposition of a thin layer of As by reduction of As(III) and its dissolution.
Family Status and Poverty among Older Women: The Gendered Distribution of Retirement Income in the United States

While the elderly in general enjoy improved economic status, older women continue to face disproportional impoverishment; nearly three-fourths of the elderly poor in the United States are women. A review of U.S. and British feminist writing suggests that old-age income schemes are gendered in three key ways: (1) retirement income is linked to waged labor, which is itself gendered; (2) non-waged reproductive labor, performed predominantly by women, is not recognized as labor; and (3) family status is conceptualized as permanent rather than transient. The supposedly gender-neutral eligibility and benefit structures of three major U.S. retirement income programs—Social Security, private pensions, and personal pensions such as Individual Retirement Accounts— are examined to show how they produce a gendered distribution of old age income.
The Senior Production Manager: Working within a Network of Human Relationships

Senior production managers are placed in a network of relationships which both influence and are influenced by the responsibilities of their jobs. The results are reported of a study of the difficulties of the relationship demands imposed by the job requirements of 16 senior production managers. In addition, similarities and differences among their jobs are identified and discussed. Results indicate that work relationships perceived as similar and highly demanding include, among others: bargaining and negotiating with external contacts, supervising the quality of their subordinates' work, and needing to create a good impression on people outside their firm. Differences among their jobs were most evident in the following areas: the level of importance assigned to supervising the quantity of their subordinates' work, the manner in which the respondents earned their authority, and the extent to which the participants depended on their bosses to determine the scope of their job boundaries. Consideration of these demands and how they affect the job context may help to identify the particular skills necessary for a specific senior production management position.
Biographical Dictionary of American Sports: Basketball and Other Indoor Sports

Preface Basketball Bowling Boxing Diving Figure Skating Gymnastics Ice Hockey Swimming Weightlifting Wrestling Miscellaneous Appendixes Index
Interaction of a radiating source with a plasma

When a radiating source is immersed in a homogeneous plasma of infinite extent; an electroacoustic wave may be excited in addition to the usual electromagnetic wave. The electroacoustic wave becomes a longitudinal plasma wave in the far zone of the source. The case of a Hertzian dipole in a lossless plasma is considered first. The fields of both the electromagnetic (e.m.) and plasma modes excited by the dipole are explicitly obtained, and the e.m. and plasma components of the radiation resistance of a Hertzian dipole are determined. The case of a cylindrical-dipole antenna in a lossless plasma is investigated next. The far-zone fields of both the e.m. and plasma modes are explicitly obtained, and the e.m. and plasma components of the radiation resistance are then derived as functions of the antenna dimension and the plasma parameters. Finally, the case of a Hertzian dipole in a slightly lossy plasma is studied; the effect of collisions in a plasma on the radiation resistance of the immersed antenna is discussed.
Familial differences in lithium responsive versus lithium nonresponsive psychoses

Psychiatric life histories of 218 first degree family members of 16 lithium responsive and 33 lithium non-responsive psychotic (mood incongruent) probands were contrasted. While the morbid risk of schizophrenic spectrum disorder was 9.8% in the 142 relatives of lithium non-responsive probands, no cases of schizophrenic spectrum disorder were found among the 76 first degree relatives of lithium responsive psychotics (p < 0.03). Lithium responsive psychotic illnesses appear to be familially, and perhaps genetically distinct from the bulk of the schizophrenias.
BAYESIAN STATISTICS AND BIASED PROCEDURES

A comparison of Neyman's theory of interval estimation with the corresponding subjective Bayesian theory of ‘credible intervals’ shows that the Bayesian approach to the estimation of statistical parameters allows experimental procedures which, from the orthodox objective viewpoint, are clearly biased and clearly inadmissible. This demonstrated methodological difference focuses attention on the key difference in the two general theories, namely, that the orthodox theory is supposed to provide a known average frequency of successful estimates, whereas the Bayesian account provides only a coherent ordering of degrees of belief and a subsequent maximization of subjective expected utilities. To rebut the charge of allowing biased procedures, the Bayesian must attack the foundations of orthodox, objectivist methods. Two apparently popular avenues of attack are briefly considered and found wanting. The first is that orthodox methods fail to apply to the single case. The second is that orthodox methods are subject to a typical Humean regress. The conclusion is that orthodox objectivist methods remain viable in the face of the subjective Bayesian alternative — at least with respect to the problem of statistical estimation.
Bilious vomiting in a 9-month-old infant

A case of bilious vomiting in a 9-month-old male is reported. The differential diagnosis of infantile bilious vomiting is reviewed, and appropriate diagnostic studies are discussed. The child was found to have intussusception. The common manifestation of this pediatric surgical emergency may vary considerably from classic descriptions. Bilious emesis in infants must be considered a surgical emergency until proven otherwise; intussusception may manifest as bilious vomiting only.
The computer and the Historia Augusta : A Note on Marriott

In 1889 Hermann Dessau published a revolutionary article in which he suggested that the six authors to whom the various biographies of the Historia Augusta are ascribed were merely masks behind which lurked a single author who lived at the very end of the fourth century. Ninety years later, an attempt was made to prove Dessau's hypothesis of single authorship on objective grounds. Ian Marriott's article, ‘The Authorship of the Historia Augusta: Two Computer Studies’, presents the results of two statistical tests conducted on the text of the HA which appear to show conclusively that the work was composed by one author rather than six. Marriott's findings have been hailed by a number of scholars as settling once and for all the question of the authorship of the HA. While I agree with Marriott's conclusion, and I share the consensus view that this curious work is indeed the product of a single mind, I should like to raise some questions concerning the validity of the procedure adopted by Marriott and to suggest that the tests conducted by him are in fact not conclusive.
A GLOBAL LEARNING ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE AND MARKET INFORMATION PROCESSING

Abstract This study develops and tests a model of a global learning organization structure and market information processing using the purchasing process of a Fortune 500 multinational corporation. The focus is on the activities and relationships between the domestic and international strategic business units (SBUs) and the buying center of the organization. Based on a sample of 179 domestic and 167 international SBUs, the results suggest that the level of market information processing in the purchasing system is influenced by the learning structure antecedents of openness (participative and reflective) and localness (centralization and formalization) which, in turn, positively influence the level of customer orientation as perceived by the SBU users. The learning organization structure appears to be robust across the environmental challenges presented by the domestic and international purchasing settings.
Introduction to the Special Issue on the U.S. Response to the Fukushima Accident

Provides an introduction to the May 2012 issue of Health Physics, based on a special session at the 2011 Health Physics Society (HPS) annual meeting that focused on the United States' radiological response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. This introduction outlines the papers in this important issue and describes the activities of the U.S. response participants, including the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration (DOE/NNSA), Department of Defense, the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and other organizations. Observations are provided and the stage is set for the articles in this issue which document many of the activities undertaken during the Fukushima accident and which describe challenges faced and valuable lessons learned.
Selective preconcentration of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls by in situ metal hydroxide precipitation

Abstract An investigation of selective concentration of analytes from aqueous samples by in situ magnesium hydroxide precipitation, as described by Faltusz, has yielded the following results: (1) the method is selective for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls of higher molecular weight: it discriminates strongly against acidic molecules, and other neutral and basic molecules are only partially recovered; (2) a variety of metal hydroxides could evidently be used in this method, but magnesium appears to have practical advantages over some of the others; (3) the reproducibility of analyses on pure water samples is acceptable ( ca .20% relative standard deviation), but the results from natural samples show lower recovery and wider variability; (4) a preliminary test, in which this method was used to discriminate against major amounts of interfering solutes, shows promise that this technique might have unique advantages in certain situations.
The genome shows its sensitive side.

New methods for measuring the sensitivity of chromatin to DNase digestion and Tn5 transposition help us map and interpret the genome's regulatory sequences.
Local action of long-range repressors in the Drosophila embryo.

Previous studies have identified two corepressors in the early Drosophila embryo: Groucho and dCtBP. Both proteins are recruited to the DNA template by interacting with short peptide motifs conserved in a variety of sequence‐specific transcriptional repressors. Once bound to DNA, Groucho appears to mediate long‐range repression, while dCtBP directs short‐range repression. The short‐range Kruppel repressor was converted into a long‐range repressor by replacing the dCtBP interaction motif (PxDLSxH) with a Groucho motif (WRPW). The resulting chimeric repressor causes a different mutant phenotype from that of the native Kruppel protein when misexpressed in transgenic embryos. The different patterning activities can be explained on the basis of long‐range silencing within the hairy 5′ regulatory region. The analysis of a variety of synthetic transgenes provides evidence that Groucho‐dependent long‐range repressors do not always cause the dominant silencing of linked enhancers within a complex cis ‐regulatory region. We suggest a ‘hot chromatin’ model, whereby repressors require activators to bind DNA.
Cutter roof and its causes

Abstract This paper examines the intrinsic mechanisms of cutter roof failures by combining field investigations, laboratory testing, underground instrumentation, and numerical modelling. Cutter roof occurred during the development of a set of longwall panel entries in a West Virginia coal mine, and is presented as a case study. Mining alternatives applicable to the mine are recommended. Cutter roof occurrences in two other West Virginia coal mines were also investigated. Detailed comparisons were made between the three cases to derive useful information regarding the intrinsic cutter roof mechanisms. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were employed to validate the cutter roof mechanisms. As a result of the extensive investigation, intrinsic mechanisms of cutter roof failures under various conditions are presented from the practical and theoretical points of view. Mining alternatives for controlling cutter roof formed under various mechanisms are recommended.
Expression of plasma cell alloantigen 1 defines layered development of B-1a B-cell subsets with distinct innate-like functions

Innate-like B-1a cells contribute significantly to circulating natural antibodies and mucosal immunity as well as to immunoregulation. Here we show that these classic functions of B-1a cells segregate between two unique subsets defined by expression of plasma cell alloantigen 1 (PC1), also known as ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1). These subsets, designated B-1a.PC1lo and B-1a.PC1hi, differ significantly in IgH chain utilization. Adoptively transferred PC1lo cells secreted significantly more circulating natural IgM and intestinal IgA than PC1hi cells. In contrast, PC1hi cells produced more IL-10 than PC1lo cells when stimulated with LPS and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). PC1hi cells were also more efficient than PC1lo cells in regulating Th1 cell differentiation, even though both B-1a subsets were comparably active in stimulating T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, PC1lo cells generated antigen-specific IgM responses to pneumococcal polysaccharide antigens, whereas PC1hi cells do not. We found that PC1lo cells develop from an early wave of B-1a progenitors in fetal life, whereas PC1hi cells are generated from a later wave after birth. We conclude that identification of B-1a.PC1lo and B-1a.PC1hi cells extends the concept of a layered immune system with important implications for developing effective vaccines and promoting the generation of immunoregulatory B cells.
Maintenance of blood volume in snakes: transcapillary shifts of extravascular fluids during acute hemorrhage.

1. Tracer dilution analysis (D2O,51Cr, and NaS14CN) was used to investigate the steadystate compartmentation of body fluids and the extent of fluid transfer from extravascular to vascular spaces during hemorrhage-induced hypovolemia in two species of snakes,Elaphe obsoleta andCrotalus viridis. 2. Fluid spaces of the two species are not significantly different (means, blood volume 6.1, 5.4; extracellular fluid 42.2, 41.9; total body water 77.2, 77.2% body mass, respectively), but values for extracellular fluid exceed those reported for other reptiles. 3. Both species of snake withstand graded hemorrhage where 4% of the initial blood volume is withdrawn every 10 min until the cumulative deficit is 32%. Some snakes are able to maintain their initial blood volume throughout hemorrhage, while others restore 90% of deficits within 2 h after hemorrhage ceases. Typically, 50–60% of the hemorrhaged deficit is transferred from the interstitium to the circulation throughout hemorrhage (Fig. 2). The source of fluid entering the vascular space is entirely extracellular during hemorrhage, but fluid from the intracellular space may enter the blood within 2 h after hemorrhage ceases. Snakes are able to maintain arterial pressure during these experiments (Fig. 3). 4. The ability of snakes to maintain hemodynamic stability despite substantial losses of blood can be explained in terms of a large interstitial fluid volume that may shift rapidly to the vascula space. Shifts in the opposite direction also occur in response to hemodynamic factors, implying a low resistance to fluid movement across the capillary wall.
Implications of different methods for specifying classroom composition of externalizing behavior and its relationship to social-emotional outcomes.

Abstract In this paper, we examine common methods for using individual-level data to represent classroom composition by examining exemplary studies that thoughtfully incorporate such measures. Building on these studies, and using data from the Chicago School Readiness Project (CSRP), this paper examines theoretical and analytical implications of a set of different transformations of individual ratings of child externalizing behaviors in order to examine and compare the influence of these representations of classroom composition on Kindergarten internalizing behaviors, social competence, and attention/impulsivity problems. Results indicate that each Kindergarten outcome is influenced by distinct aspects of classroom composition of externalizing behaviors. Kindergarten internalizing behaviors are positively associated with the proportion of children in the Head Start classroom who started with externalizing scores above the 75th percentile regardless of the average value of externalizing behaviors in the classroom. In contrast, Kindergarten social competence is predicted by three aspects of the classroom distribution of externalizing behaviors in the fall of Head Start—the classroom mean, standard deviation, and skew. Finally, Kindergarten attention/impulsivity problems were not associated with any aspect of classroom composition of externalizing behavior examined in this paper.
P-Element Homing Is Facilitated by engrailed Polycomb-Group Response Elements in Drosophila melanogaster

P-element vectors are commonly used to make transgenic Drosophila and generally insert in the genome in a nonselective manner. However, when specific fragments of regulatory DNA from a few Drosophila genes are incorporated into P-transposons, they cause the vectors to be inserted near the gene from which the DNA fragment was derived. This is called P-element homing. We mapped the minimal DNA fragment that could mediate homing to the engrailed/invected region of the genome. A 1.6 kb fragment of engrailed regulatory DNA that contains two Polycomb-group response elements (PREs) was sufficient for homing. We made flies that contain a 1.5kb deletion of engrailed DNA (enΔ1.5) in situ, including the PREs and the majority of the fragment that mediates homing. Remarkably, homing still occurs onto the enΔ1. 5 chromosome. In addition to homing to en, P[en] inserts near Polycomb group target genes at an increased frequency compared to P[EPgy2], a vector used to generate 18,214 insertions for the Drosophila gene disruption project. We suggest that homing is mediated by interactions between multiple proteins bound to the homing fragment and proteins bound to multiple areas of the engrailed/invected chromatin domain. Chromatin structure may also play a role in homing.
Reduced comparison speed during visual search in late life depression

Slowed information processing is a prominent deficit in late-life depression (LLD). To better differentiate processing speed components in LLD, we examined characteristics of visual search performance in 32 LLD and 32 control participants. Data showed specific slowing in the comparison stage of visual search in LLD, rather than in encoding/response stages, but also greater overall slowing in LLD during inefficient versus efficient search. We found no group differences on traditional neuropsychological measures of processing speed. Slowed processing speed in LLD may be specific rather than general, which underscores the need to link components of processing speed to underlying neural circuitry.
Development and application of a type curve for gel damage identification in tight gas wells

Fracture treatments have been proved to be the effective and efficient method in stimulating tight-gas reservoirs. The key is to create a long, highly conductive fracture to increase the well productivity and ultimate gas recovery. Since 1960s, fracture damage mechanisms have been investigated by petroleum engineers, researchers, and field personnel to better understand what caused lower fracture conductivity and shorter fracture lengths. Based on our critical and comprehensive literature review, we found that more than 20 damage factors have been understood and quantified. However, there is still no method available for identification of gel damage in the field. Based on numerical simulation results (Wang et al., 2008), we have developed a new type curve for identification of gel damage in tight gas wells. The type curve has been applied to six wells in the Cotton Valley formation of central Texas. The severity of gel damage in each well was ranked in the order of no damage, slight damage, medium damage, and severe damage. This type curve provides a new tool for practicing petroleum engineers to identify fracture damages in tight gas wells worldwide.
Preoperative and Postoperative Skin Care with Laser Resurfacing

Laser resurfacing has become a commonly used technique for the treatment of a variety of skin conditions including facial actinic damage, rhytides, and acne scarring. Although the procedure has the ability to deliver consistently good results with an excellent safety profile, complications do occur even in the best of hands. Independent of the type of laser used or the surgical technique, the risk of complications and the final outcome can be greatly influenced by the care of the skin before and after the procedure. This article will focus on the preoperative assessment of the patient, the concept of preconditioning the skin, and postoperative wound management after laser resurfacing. Various occlusive dressing products will be discussed, as well as their role in wound healing. A pre- and posttreatment skin care regimen will be provided to use as a guide in the management of patients undergoing laser resurfacing.
Collineations of affinely represented generalized quadrangles

Abstract The group of collineations fixing the point (∞) and the line [∞] of an affinely represented generalized quadrangle is completely determined. In general the full collineation group G(α) is shown not to be acutely transitive, and it is not completely determined. An exception is the quadratic case in which the full group was known to be the appropriate symplectic group.
Modification of Thin Film Growth using Glancing-Angle Ions

This paper reviews the use of glancing-angle ions for modifying surfaces and thin film growth processes. Ions impinging on a flat surface at oblique incidence angles are mostly reflected without penetrating, providing very low sputtering rates along with minimal damage and implantation. They also provide a unique selectivity, where ion energy is coupled to defects or rough portions of the surface, while flat portions are essentially unaffected. This allows one to clean contaminated surfaces and smoothen rough surfaces, with little or no ion damage. In addition, recent results indicate that the ion energy couples directly to adatoms during epitaxial growth of GaAs(001). This was observed by a decrease in the time required for diffusion across terraces on a vicinal GaAs surface, as the glancing-angle Ar ion current was increased. It was also found that ion-enhanced diffusion shifted the growth mode from two-dimensional island nucleation to step-flow growth, and resulted in flatter growth surfaces. Finally, glancing-angleions can be used to introduce biaxial texture into polycrystalline GaAs films.