cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advanced SOI CMOS transistor technology for high performance microprocessors

Abstract In this paper we present an overview of partially depleted Silicon on Insulator (PD SOI) CMOS transistor technologies for high performance microprocessors. To achieve a “high performance per watt” figure of merit, transistor technology elements like PD SOI, strained Si, aggressive junction scaling, asymmetric devices need hand-in-hand development with multiple core- and power-efficient designs. These techniques have been developed, applied and optimized for 45 nm SOI volume manufacturing at GLOBALFOUNDRIES in Dresden. To enable further transistor scaling to 32 nm design rules, High K Metal Gate (HKMG) technology is the key. Different HKMG integrations as well as future strained Si technologies, like strained silicon directly bonded on SOI, and embedded Si:C are discussed.
Strategies to jointly optimize spect collimator and reconstruction parameters for a detection task

In systems like SPECT, raw data is obtained by the imaging system and then reconstructed and viewed by a human observer. We compare two approaches to optimizing SPECT for a detection task with a known signal in a statistically varying background. In a sequential approach, we optimize the collimator using an ideal observer applied to the sinogram. We then optimize the regularization of the reconstruction using a human-emulating channelized Hotelling observer (CHO). In a second approach, we use the CHO to jointly optimize the collimator and regularization. The performance of the joint approach exceeds that of the sequential approach. The collimator properties from the joint approach are closer to that of a commercial collimator than those of the sequential approach. Thus using the “best” collimator derived by an ideal observer leads to suboptimal net detection performance.
An Ensemble of Convective Systems on 11 February 1993 during TOGA COARE: Morphology, Rainfall Characteristics, and Anvil Cloud Interactions

Abstract An active day during the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (COARE) Intensive Observation Period (IOP) is examined in which nine convective systems evolved and moved eastward across the region of shipboard radar coverage in the Intensive Flux Array (IFA) within westerly wind burst conditions. The detailed genesis, morphology, and interactions between these cloud systems are documented from a radar and satellite perspective. One of these systems was a large and complex elliptical cluster, among the largest observed during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere COARE. Multiple, parallel deep convective lines spaced 20–30 km apart and embedded within this system were initially oriented from north-northwest to south-southeast, oblique to the storm motion. Furthermore, the lines underwent counterclockwise realignment as the system moved eastward. The influence of strong lower-tropospheric directional and speed shear on these convective system properties is examined in the context of a dynamic,...
The Effects of Sentence-Combining Instruction on the Writing of Fourth-Grade Students With Writing Difficulties

One area of writing that may be particularly problematic for less skilled writers and writers with learning disabilities is constructing well-formed sentences. In this single-subject design study, sentence-combining practice with a peer-assistance component was used to improve the writing ability of 6 fourth-grade students with and without learning disabilities. The results support the use of sentence-combining practice to increase sentence construction ability. Furthermore, sentence-combining instruction led to gains in story quality and writing complexity.
Between chaos and routine: boundary negotiating artifacts in collaboration

Empirical studies of material artifacts in practice continue to be a rich source of theoretical concepts for CSCW. This paper explores the foundational concept of boundary objects and presents the results of a year-long ethnographic study of collaborative work. This research questions the assumption that artifacts exist necessarily within a web of standardized processes and that disorderly processes should be treated as "special cases". I suggest that artifacts can serve to establish and destabilize protocols themselves and that artifacts can be used to push boundaries rather than merely sailing across them.
Biodegradation of Methyl tert-Butyl Ether by a Bacterial Pure Culture

A bacterial strain, PM1, which is able to utilize methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) as its sole carbon and energy source, was isolated from a mixed microbial consortium in a compost biofilter capable of degrading MTBE. Initial linear rates of MTBE degradation by 2 x 10(6) cells ml(-1) were 0.07, 1.17, and 3.56 microg ml(-1) h(-1) for initial concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 microg MTBE ml(-1), respectively. When incubated with 20 microg of uniformly labeled [(14)C]MTBE ml(-1), strain PM1 converted 46% to (14)CO(2) and 19% to (14)C-labeled cells within 120 h. This yield is consistent with the measurement of protein accumulation at different MTBE concentrations from which was estimated a biomass yield of 0.18 mg of cells mg MTBE(-1). Strain PM1 was inoculated into sediment core material collected from a contaminated groundwater plume at Port Hueneme, California, in which there was no evidence of MTBE degradation. Strain PM1 readily degraded 20 microg of MTBE ml(-1) added to the core material. The rate of MTBE removal increased with additional inputs of 20 microg of MTBE ml(-1). These results suggest that PM1 has potential for use in the remediation of MTBE-contaminated environments.
Associations between salivary testosterone and cortisol levels and neonatal health and growth outcomes

Objectives Male vulnerability in health and growth outcomes has often been reported in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm neonates. On the basis of gender-difference theories, possible associations were explored between the levels of postnatal salivary testosterone/cortisol and the outcomes of neonatal health/growth.
Cancers of the Genito-Urinary System

Renal Cell Cancer is diagnosed in about 30,000 patients/year and accounts for 3% of the malignancies in adults in the United States. Advanced Renal Cell Cancer carries a poor prognosis. New treatment strategies such as immuno-therapy are being employed in an attempt to delay the progression of disease but remain controversial. Non-invasive tests for diagnosing, staging and monitoring the course of disease would be desirable. The current procedures for staging and re-staging of patients with renal cell cancer consist primarily of anatomic imaging modalities.
School Shootings as Mediatized Violence

A discussion of the interplay between media and school shootings in the current hyper-mediated context, starting with a description of school shootings as ideal cases for the examination of mediatization, and exploring the specific ways in which media logic articulates itself in this case. The exploration focuses on news media content and framing of school rampages and concludes with critical reflections on the effects and continued relevancy of understanding school shootings as strongly mediatized events, both for their rhetorical importance and in terms of behavioral outcomes and policy developments.
Dominant mutations regulating i-antigen expression in Tetrahymena thermophila

Two dominant mutations at the RseD locus regulating the differential expression of alternative cell surface immobilization antigens of the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila are described. RseD1 and RseD2 express I to the exclusion of H (28 degrees C) and are leaky for I when expressing either L (15 degrees C) or T (40 degrees C). Complementation was not observed in RseD1/RseD2 heterozygotes, and in 326 testcross progeny no wild-type (micronuclear) recombinants were observed. Macronuclear recombination also was not observed. RseD is located on chromosome 5, at least 50 map units from rseB, which also regulates antigen expression. This brings to four the number of loci known to regulate antigen expression.
Abstract 266: N-Acetyl-Cysteine Can Alter the Endothelial Cell Lipid Microenvironment

The endothelial cell (EC) lipid microenvironment can directly impact post-translational lipid modification of critical intracellular signaling proteins, which has important vascular disease implications. The antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) is a well-known thiol that regulates intracellular glutathione levels, activates various intracellular kinases, and promotes EC proliferation. In erythrocytes, NAC alters cellular lipid content and modulates generation of plasma membrane phosphatidylserine (PS). To test the hypothesis that NAC similarly alters the lipid microenvironment in ECs, we evaluated the effect of NAC on S(cysteine)-protein lipidation, as well as its effects on cellular lipid content in HUVECs. Increasing the duration of NAC treatment (from 2 to 16 hours) and increasing the concentration of NAC (from 1 to 5 mM) robustly decreased S-protein lipidation of the heterotrimeric G protein subunit, Gaq, by 80% (p<0.05) without affecting Gaq protein levels. There was no effect of NAC on lipidation of ...
Colored Noise Induced Nonequilibrium Transition in a New Chemical Oscillator

The effects of colored noise on a new chemical oscillator in CSTR are studied by computer simulation. Colored noise induced nonequilibrium transitions from one limit-cycle to two and more than two limit-cycles when the correlation time and the intensity of noise are varied. Chemical chaos is also observed.
Examination of the relationship between management and clinician agreement on communication openness, teamwork, and patient satisfaction in the US hospitals

Background: Patient satisfaction has always been an area of focus for hospitals, but gained particular importance due to the changes in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement policies. Hospital managers and clinicians interact with patients in different ways and have different perspectives on safety culture, yet little is known about how that impacts patient satisfaction. Objective: To examine how the agreement between clinicians and management perspectives on patient safety culture is related to patient satisfaction by employing cross-sectional design with linear regressions. Methods: Two data sets were used: 2012 Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture and 2012 Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS). The dependent variables were: overall rating of the hospital experience and willingness to recommend a hospital. The independent variables were four safety culture domains: communication openness, feedback, and communication about errors, teamwork within units, and teamwork between units. Results: The results suggest that manager and clinician agreement on high levels of communication openness, feedback and communication about errors, teamwork between units, and teamwork across units were positively and significantly associated with overall patient satisfaction and willingness to recommend. Additionally, more favorable perceptions about patient safety culture by only clinicians yielded similar findings. Conclusions: For policymakers, measuring managers and clinicians’ perceptions on patient safety culture may provide a valuable indicator of patient satisfaction throughout the country. While managers are more likely to have the power to devote resources to patient safety initiatives, they may not adequately judge culture in their unit and should take into account the perspectives of clinicians who have a more frontline perspective.
Single index quantile regression for heteroscedastic data

Quantile regression (QR) is becoming increasingly popular due to its relevance in many scientific investigations. Linear and nonlinear QR models have been studied extensively, while recent research focuses on the single index quantile regression (SIQR) model. Compared to the single index mean regression (SIMR) problem, the fitting and the asymptotic theory of the SIQR model are more complicated due to the lack of closed form expressions for estimators of conditional quantiles. Consequently, the proposed methods are necessarily iterative. We propose a non-iterative estimation algorithm, and derive the asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimator under heteroscedasticity. For identifiability, we use a parametrization that sets the first coefficient to 1 instead of the typical condition which restricts the norm of the parametric component. This distinction is more than simply cosmetic as it affects, in a critical way, the correspondence between the estimator derived and the asymptotic theory.
Methods for Analyzing Tumor Angiogenesis in the Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane Model

Models of tumor angiogenesis have played a critical role in understanding the mechanisms involved in the recruitment of vasculature to the tumor mass, and have also provided a platform for testing antiangiogenic potential of new therapeutics that combat the development of malignant growth. In this regard, the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of the developing chick embryo has proven to be an elegant model for investigation of angiogenic processes. Here, we describe methods for effectively utilizing the preestablished vascular network of the chick CAM to investigate and quantify tumor-associated angiogenesis in a breast tumor model.
Electronic medical record (EMR) utilization for public health surveillance.

Introduction: Public health surveillance systems need to be refined. We intend to use a generic approach for early identification of patients with severe influenza-like illness (ILI) by calculating a score that estimates a patient’s disease-severity. Accordingly, we built the Intelligent Severity Score Estimation Model (ISSEM), structured so that the inference process would reflect experts’ decisionmaking logic. Each patient’s disease-severity score is calculated from numbers of respiratory ICD9 encounters, and laboratory, radiologic, and prescription-therapeutic orders in the EMR. Other ISSEM components include chronic disease evidence, probability of immunodeficiency, and the provider’s general practice-behavior patterns. Results: Sensitivity was determined from 200 randomly selected patients with upper- and lowerrespiratory tract ILI; specificity, from 300 randomly selected patients with URI only. For different age groups, ISSEM sensitivity ranged between 90% and 95%; specificity was 72% to 84%. Conclusion: Our preliminary assessment of ISSEM performance demonstrated 93.5% sensitivity and 77.3% specificity across all age groups. Background
Advances in understanding the mechanisms of erythropoiesis in homeostasis and disease.

Anaemia or decreased blood haemoglobin is the most common blood disorder often characterized by reduced red blood cell (RBC) numbers. RBCs are produced from differentiation and commitment of haematopoietic stem cells to the erythroid lineage by a process called erythropoiesis. Coordination of erythropoietin receptor signalling with several erythroid transcription factors including GATA1 is essential for this process. A number of additional players that are critical for RBC production have been identified in recent years. Major technological advances, such as the development of RNA interference, genetically modified animals, including zebrafish, and imaging flow cytometry have led to these discoveries; the emergence of -omics approaches in combination with the optimization of ex vivo erythroid cultures have also produced a more comprehensive understanding of erythropoiesis. Here we summarize studies describing novel regulators of erythropoiesis that modulate erythroid cell production in the context of human erythroid disorders involving hypoxia, iron regulation, immune-related molecules, and the transcription factor FOXO3.
Temporal Structure Learning for Clustering Massive Data Streams in Real-Time.

This paper describes one of the first attempts to model the temporal structure of massive data streams in real-time using data stream clustering. Recently, many data stream clustering algorithms have been developed which efficiently find a partition of the data points in a data stream. However, these algorithms disregard the information represented by the temporal order of the data points in the stream which for many applications is an important part of the data stream. In this paper we propose a new framework called Temporal Relationships Among Clusters for Data Streams (TRACDS) which allows us to learn the temporal structure while clustering a data stream. We identify, organize and describe the clustering operations which are used by state-of-the-art data stream clustering algorithms. Then we show that by defining a set of new operations to transform Markov Chains with states representing clusters dynamically, we can efficiently capture temporal ordering information. This framework allows us to preserve temporal relationships among clusters for any state-of-the-art data stream clustering algorithm with only minimal overhead. To investigate the usefulness of TRACDS, we evaluate the improvement of TRACDS over pure data stream clustering for anomaly detection using several synthetic and realworld data sets. The experiments show that TRACDS is able to considerably improve the results even if we introduce a high rate of incorrect time stamps which is typical for real-world data streams.
State of the Art and Future Directions in Finite-Difference and Related Techniques in Supercomputing Computational Electromagnetics

The numerical modeling of electromagnetic (EM) phenomena can be a computationally intensive task. To date, the design and engineering of aerospace vehicles has been the primary application driving the development of large-scale methods in computational electromagnetics (CEM). Efforts in the area have been aimed primarily at minimizing the radar cross section (RCS) of aerospace vehicles. RCS minimization enhances the survivability of vehicles that are subjected to precision-targeted ordnance. The physics of RCS is determined by Maxwell’s equations and the constitutive properties of a vehicle’s materials. As a result, an interesting situation arises in which the effectiveness and cost of state-of-the-art aerospace systems in part depends upon the ability to develop an efficient engineering understanding of 120-year old equations that describe the propagation and scattering of EM waves.
Opioid overdose prevention initiatives on the college campus: critical partnerships between academe and community experts

Attention has recently turned to the epidemic Opioid Overdose deaths in our country. From the President and political platforms to community groups to legislators, the crisis is being illuminated and changes are being effected. Presently, all but five states (AZ, KS, MO, MT, WY) have passed legislation designed to improve layperson naloxone access [1]. Naloxone hydrochloride is a generic, non-narcotic opioid antagonist that blocks the brain cell receptors activated by opioids. It is a fast-acting drug that, when administered during an overdose blocks the effects of opioids on the brain and restores breathing within two to three minutes of administration. It is not psychoactive, has no potential for abuse, and side effects are rare [2]. Naloxone makes opioid overdose prevention effective with the injectable or inhalable response [3]. On college campuses, overdose is no longer “someone else’s problem.” A 19 y/o University of Texas Freshman with a 4.0 GPA died of opiate overdose during break. Soon after, overdose took the life of a male student in an off-campus dorm. The numbers are growing and impacting this population profoundly. The lack of knowledge, stigma, and resistance on the part of physicians, pharmacists and administrators are slowing the necessary progress of solutions and this commentary serves as a call to action, an evidence-base, and encouragement to the relevant professions to embrace the new policies, resources, and lifesaving medical advances such as Naloxone.
Signal Processing Techniques for EDGE Wireless Modem

Signal processing techniques play key role in the design of EDGE wireless modem. Performance enhancing techniques are reaching beyond traditional equalization and decoding techniques, providing final performance tuning capability to the system design. We address some of the key signal processing techniques for EDGE wireless modem, including I/Q imbalance compensation, DC offset correction and channel estimation
Evaluation of a Simpler Tool to Assess Nontechnical Skills During Simulated Critical Events.

Introduction Management of critical events requires teams to employ nontechnical skills (NTS), such as teamwork, communication, decision making, and vigilance. We sought to estimate the reliability and provide evidence for the validity of the ratings gathered using a new tool for assessing the NTS of anesthesia providers, the behaviorally anchored rating scale (BARS), and compare its scores with those of an established NTS tool, the Anaesthetists' Nontechnical Skills (ANTS) scale. Methods Six previously trained raters (4 novices and 2 experts) reviewed and scored 18 recorded simulated pediatric crisis management scenarios using a modified ANTS and a BARS tool. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated separately for the novice and expert raters, by scenario, and overall. Results The intrarater reliability of the ANTS total score was 0.73 (expert, 0.57; novice, 0.84); for the BARS tool, it was 0.80 (expert, 0.79; novice, 0.81). The average interrater reliability of BARS scores (0.58) was better than ANTS scores (0.37), and the interrater reliabilities of scores from novices (0.69 BARS and 0.52 ANTS) were better than those obtained from experts (0.47 BARS and 0.21 ANTS) for both scoring instruments. The Pearson correlation between the ANTS and BARS total scores was 0.74. Conclusions Overall, reliability estimates were better for the BARS scores than the ANTS scores. For both measures, the intrarater and interrater reliability was better for novices compared with domain experts, suggesting that properly trained novices can reliably assess the NTS of anesthesia providers managing a simulated critical event. There was substantial correlation between the 2 scoring instruments, suggesting that the tools measured similar constructs. The BARS tool can be an alternative to the ANTS scale for the formative assessment of NTS of anesthesia providers.
Three-dimensional spectroscopy of vibrational energy relaxation in liquids.

ABSTRACT A three-dimensional vibrational spectroscopy technique with mid-IR pumping and incoherent anti-Stokes Raman probing is used to study vibrational energy relaxation (VR) in hydrogen-bonded liquids. New results on spectral diffusion and vibrational relaxation of OH stretching V oh of water are presented. Vibrational energy transfer down a molecular chain is probed with angstrom spatial resolution in a series of alcohols where v oh is pumped and energy transfer through methylene -CH2- to terminal methyl -CH3 groups is probed.
Seismic Rehabilitation of Concentrically Braced Frames Using Stiff Rocking Cores

AbstractExisting steel concentrically braced frame (CBF) buildings subjected to seismic hazards can exhibit an undesirable soft-story response, in which drift and damage are concentrated in a singl...
Climate policy and leadership in a metropolitan region: Cases from the United States

In the absence of a cohesive national approach to address climate change, the burden of climate policy making has been borne by subnational governments in the United States. This article discusses the conditions and initiatives that contributed to the ways in which local municipalities have become important centres for climate policy making in the United States and explores the challenges and opportunities for planning for climate change at the local and regional level in this policy context. In particular, the article focuses on the role of leadership in regions for contributing the necessary political support for policy action and the technical capacities needed for carbon accounting. The article focuses on two case studies in the midwestern region of the United States and discusses the differences in bureaucratic commitment to climate policy, the roles of various entities from the non-governmental sector and the important role of citizen activism in advocating for robust climate policy. While leadershi...
National Defense University Address, 2013 West Point Address, 2014

The National Defense University (NDU) Address, the benchmark of Barack Obama’s counterterrorism policy, emphasized partnerships with other countries in sharing intelligence and capture of terrorists; targeted killing and drones against al-Qaida; and strong codified oversight and accountability for the use of drones. Despite the White House providing a more transparent version of policy on the use of lethal force, there was a total lack of oversight by the Congress. In the West Point Address, which preceded the rise of ISIL, the president specifically placed emphasis on terrorist targets in Yemen, Somalia, Mali, and North Africa.
Heat generation in lithium-ion batteries with different nominal capacities and chemistries

Abstract Heat generation in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), different in nominal battery capacity and electrode materials (battery chemistry), is studied at various charge and discharge rates through the multiphysics modeling and computer simulation. The model is validated using experimental results obtained in lab and the results reported by other researchers in literature. All sources of heat generation – including reversible heat generation and irreversible heat generation due to activation, concentration, and ohmic (electronic and ionic) polarizations – in LIBs with graphite/LiFePO4, graphite/LiMn2O4, and graphite/LiCoO2 electrode materials are quantified and the effects of the battery nominal capacity at various charge and discharge rates are studied. This study determines which sources of heat generation are significant and which sources of heat generation are negligible at different LIBs design and operating conditions. The contribution of LIB’s different components including cathode, anode, separator, and current collectors in heat generation in LIBs is also determined. The results of this study assists battery engineers and researchers to characterize the thermal behavior of LIBs and have a much more exact prediction over the battery heat generation, leading to designing effective thermal management systems and providing accurate battery management systems for different applications of LIBs as well as cell design optimization and operation.
Extensions of the Basic Adaptive Algorithm: Alleviation of the SPR Constraints

Because the algorithms developed and discussed in Chapter 2 require the satisfaction of certain positivity constraints if asymptotic model following is to be guaranteed, various modifications have been developed so that the algorithms can be used in a much wider class of systems. Section 3.1 shows how a feedforward compensator can easily be used so that the resulting augmented system satisfies the positivity constraints.
It's Time to Talk about Youth in the Middle East as The Precariat

In 2011, the year of the Arab uprisings, The Precariat: The New Dangerous Class by Guy Standing hit the bookstands. The concept precariat describes the condition of life and labour among educated urbanized youth in the twenty-first century more lucidly and persuasively than the key policy literature on the region, as exemplified in The Arab Human Development Report (AHDR) 2016: Youth and the Prospects for Human Development in a Changing Reality. This paper argues that any meaningful conceptualization of youth in North Africa and West Asia going forward should incorporate the notion of precariat and the condition of precariousness.
LED‐Based Ultraviolet Oxidation of Pharmaceuticals: Effects of Wavelength and Intensity, pH, and TiO2 Loading

The presence of pharmaceuticals in water resources has alarmed water and health authorities. This study evaluated ultraviolet-based oxidation as a means to decompose sulfamethoxazole, ibuprofen, and triclosan. In particular, the study evaluated using light emitting diodes (LEDs), the so-called ultraviolet LEDs (UV-LEDs), as an alternative ultraviolet source to the problematic mercury lamps that are conventionally used in the decomposition of pharmaceuticals in water. The study explored various conditions of varying ultraviolet wavelength, irradiation intensity, reaction pH, and TiO2 loading. It compared the photolytic decomposition of the pharmaceuticals with their photocatalytic decomposition. The photolytic decomposition of the pharmaceuticals was solely determined by the relation between their ultraviolet absorption characteristics and the ultraviolet emission spectra of the LEDs. Reaction pH greatly affected both photolytic decomposition and photocatalytic decomposition. The presence of TiO2 in cases where significant photolysis was present inhibited the overall decomposition process. However, in all cases, photocatalysis showed better mineralization than photolysis.
Global Dynamic Optimization of Linear Hybrid Systems

Hybrid systems, which exhibit both discrete state and continuous state behavior, have become the modeling framework of choice for a wide variety of applications that require detailed dynamic models with embedded discontinuities. Economic, environmental, safety and quality considerations in these applications, such as the automated design of safe operating procedures and the formal verification of embedded systems, strongly motivate the development of algorithms and tools for the global optimization of hybrid systems. For safety critical tasks such as formal verification, it is crucial that the global solution be found within epsilon optimality.
Cognitive performance and physiological changes in females at high G while protected with COMBAT EDGE and ATAGS.

BACKGROUND: Female fighter pilots are flying the F-16 and F-15 with COMBAT EDGE, the positive pressure breathing under G (PBG) protection system. The standard CSU 13 B/P anti-G suit may soon be replaced with the Advanced Technology Anti-G suit. The purpose of this research was to compare human performance and physiological changes between the subjects protected by COMBAT EDGE with the standard anti-G suit (STD) and with the Advanced Technology Anti-G Suit (ATAGS). METHODS: Six female centrifuge subjects completed this experiment. Performance of the 3-min simulated aerial combat sorties on the Dynamic Environment Simulator. Heart rate, %SaO2 (percent arterial oxygen saturation), %rSO2 (percent regional cerebral tissue oxygen saturation) and electromyography (EMG) were compared between the two suit conditions. Subjective evaluations of the two suit conditions were also collected. RESULTS: No significant performance differences or EMG differences were found between the STD and ATAGS suits. In the ATAGS suit, %rSO2 and %SaO2 were significantly less and heart rate was significantly lower during the last minute of G exposure compared with the STD condition. Subjects rated the ATAGS suit as having provided better G tolerance, but more uncomfortable. The ATAGS were prototype suits, however, and were not custom fit to the women. CONCLUSIONS: Physiological changes did occur significantly during the last minute of G exposure, even though no significant performance differences were found between two suit conditions. Subjective comments supported the finding that the more G protection and body coverage afforded by the anti-G suit, the less comfortable the suit may be. Language: en
Lagrange Inversion and Schur Functions

Macdonald defined an involution on symmetric functions by considering the Lagrange inverse of the generating function of the complete homogeneous symmetric functions. The main result we prove in this note is that the images of skew Schur functions under this involution are either Schur positive or Schur negative symmetric functions. The proof relies on the combinatorics of Lagrange inversion. We also present a q-analogue of this result, which is related to the q-Lagrange inversion formula of Andrews, Garsia, and Gessel, as well as the operator ∇ of Bergeron and Garsia.
Explaining the Servant Mindset: The OLA Servant Leadership Model

The Organizational Leadership Assessment (OLA) servant leadership model developed by Laub (1999) is introduced along with the creation of the OLA instrument. This is the first model of servant leadership developed through a research-based approach providing an operational and measureable set of constructs to describe what servant leadership looks like in practice. The six disciplines of servant leadership (Values People, Develops People, Builds Community, Provides Leadership, Shares Leadership, and Displays Authenticity) are described along with three descriptors for each discipline. The OLA model of servant leadership provides a practical and usable framework for understanding the unique mindset a servant leader possesses and how this mindset is lived out through the servant leader’s behavior. A clear and usable definition of servant leadership forms the foundation for understanding servant leadership as a mindset rather than merely another style of leadership.
A Way Forward Toward Professionalizing Teacher Education

Amid countless challenges faced by teacher education, public universities, preparing a large share of the nations' teachers, are called upon to a lead the charge of moving the field forward. The American Association of State Colleges and University's Teacher Education Task Force sought to examine current conditions among member institutions. Presidents, provosts and deans of education responded to a survey with their assessment of the current status of teacher education. The results yielded six recommendations for quality teacher education programs. The latter of which stresses professionalizing the field. Further examination of the recommendations reveals gaps between the current landscape and the recommendations. It is through these gaps that a strategic means to advance the professionalization of teacher education is put forth. Advancing the professionalization of teacher education is a collaborative effort of leadership. The process demonstrates and builds momentum from positive impact on communities and the profession itself. It is undergirded by an ethical imperative.
Molecular events contributing to successful pediatric cardiac transplantation in HLA sensitized recipients.

Abstract Antibodies to HLA resulting in positive cytotoxicity crossmatch are generally considered a contraindication for cardiac transplantation. However, cardiac transplantations have been performed in children by reducing the Abs and modifying immunosuppression. To identify mechanisms leading to allograft acceptance in the presence of Abs to donor HLA, we analyzed priming events in endothelial cells (EC) by incubating with sera containing low levels of anti-HLA followed by saturating concentration of anti-HLA. Pre-transplant sera were obtained from children with low levels of Abs to HLA who underwent transplantation. EC were selected for donor HLA and exposed to sera for 72 h (priming), followed by saturating concentrations of anti-HLA (challenge). Priming of EC with sera induced the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt mediated by the BMP4/WNT pathway and subsequent challenge with panel reactive antibody sera increased survival genes Bcl2 and Heme oxygenase-1, decreased adhesion molecules, induced complement inhibitory proteins and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines. In contrast, EC which did not express donor HLA showed decreased anti-apoptotic genes. Primed EC, upon challenge with anti-HLA, results in increased survival genes, decreased adhesion molecules, induction of complement inhibitory proteins, and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines which may result in accommodation of pediatric cardiac allografts despite HLA sensitization.
I Don't Even Have to Bother Them!: Using Social Media to Automate the Authentication Ceremony in Secure Messaging

The privacy guaranteed by secure messaging applications relies on users completing an authentication ceremony to verify they are using the proper encryption keys. We examine the feasibility of social authentication, which partially automates the ceremony using social media accounts. We implemented social authentication in Signal and conducted a within-subject user study with 42 participants to compare this with existing methods. To generalize our results, we conducted a Mechanical Turk survey involving 421 respondents. Our results show that users found social authentication to be convenient and fast. They particularly liked verifying keys asynchronously, and viewing social media profiles naturally coincided with how participants thought of verification. However, some participants reacted negatively to integrating social media with Signal, primarily because they distrust social media services. Overall, automating the authentication ceremony and distributing trust with additional service providers is promising, but this infrastructure needs to be more trusted than social media companies.
British Labor and the Socialism of Fools: The Return of Left-Wing Antisemitism

Luciana Berger was born into the British Labor Party. She is the grandniece of Manny Shinwell, the distinguished Jewish socialist who served in Clement Attlee’s post-war Labor government. She forme...
Evaluation of Asymptomatic Microscopic Hematuria by Renal Ultrasound to Detect Upper Tract Malignancy: A 20-Year Experience in a Community Hospital.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasound imaging in detecting upper urinary tract malignancy in patients with asymptomatic microscopic hematuria (AMH) in an outpatient community setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS A list of all patients who received renal ultrasound for hematuria in our health care system between January 1, 1997 and July 1, 2015 was obtained, and electronic health records were retrospectively reviewed. Patients were excluded for age ( RESULTS Of the 2138 patients with AMH who met inclusion criteria, ultrasound imaging detected suspicious findings in 9 of 9 patients with renal cell carcinoma and 3 of 3 patients with upper tract urothelial cancer, indicating a sensitivity of 100% and 100%, respectively. Four additional malignancies were diagnosed more than 3 years after the initial evaluation for an incidence rate of 1.6 cases of upper tract malignancy per 10,000 person-years. CONCLUSION The prevalence of upper urinary tract malignancy was low in patients with AMH. Ultrasonography is an appropriate modality for upper tract imaging in the initial evaluation of patients with AMH. Practice guidelines should be updated to reflect the high sensitivity of ultrasound and low risk of upper tract malignancy in patients with AMH.
Virtual reality streaming at the edge: a power perspective: poster

This poster focuses on addressing the power consumption issues in 360-degree immersive video streaming on smart phones, an emerging virtual reality (VR) application in the consumer video market. We first conducted a power measurement study that indicates VR view generation as the major power consumption source. Then, we developed an edge-based immersive streaming system called EdgeVR that offloads the power-consuming view generation operation from the smart phone to the edge. Through our preliminary evaluations using EdgeVR, we identified the challenge of Motion-to-Photon latency associated with offloading. To reduce such latency, we propose a viewport prediction-based pre-rendering mechanism at the edge to ensure the quality of experience in the VR application.
Readability of Online Neuro-Oncology–Related Patient Education Materials from Tertiary-Care Academic Centers

Background The Internet has become a popular resource for patients to research diagnosed or suspected medical diseases. Medical institutions provide comprehensive online education resources about various conditions to the general public. The U.S. National Institutes of Health and American Medical Association recommend that patient education materials aimed at the general population should be written at or below eighth-grade reading level. The goal of this study is to assess the readability of patient education materials for central nervous system tumors across tertiary-care institutions. Methods Patient education materials were collected from National Cancer Institute designated cancer centers in October 2019. Materials were analyzed by Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) and Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) score using Microsoft Office Word software. Subgroups were formed based on regions in the United States (Northeast, Southeast, Midwest, Southwest, and West) as well as diagnostic and treatment information. Results A total of 180 documents were collected across 50 institutions. Overall median FKGL was 12.5, and median FRE was 38.2. Median FKGL for diagnostic information was 11.6 and FRE was 43.0, whereas median FKGL for treatment information was 12.9 and median FRE was 34.3. No statistically significant differences were seen for both FKGL and FRE among geographic regions (P > 0.05). Conclusions Online neuro-oncology patient education materials from tertiary institutions are written above recommended reading levels. Future efforts should be taken to improve the readability of brain tumor–specific patient education materials, particularly with information relating to treatment.
Space, power, and justice: the politics of building an urban justice movement, Long Beach, California, USA

Cities are places where individuals emerge from their private spaces, connect with each other, form solidarities, politicize themselves, and begin to think as a group with distinctive interconnecte...
Enhanced carbon-transfer and -utilization efficiencies achieved using membrane carbonation with gas sources having a range of CO2 concentrations

Abstract The economic viability of microalgal biofuels relies on increasing productivity in a cost-effective manner. As microalgal biomass contains >50% carbon, a high rate of CO2 delivery is required for high productivity, and inefficient CO2 delivery amplifies operating costs. Membrane carbonation using non-porous hollow fiber membranes can ideally deliver CO2 without bubble formation and high carbon transfer efficiency. Because CO2 streams from industrial resources are not 100% CO2, the buildup of inert gasses can significantly lower the CO2 delivery rate when the distal end of the membrane is closed. To overcome the buildup of inert gases, we managed the distal end of the membranes with three different approaches: fully open end, restricted bleed valve, and restricted bleed valve with pH-actuated venting. For all approaches, CO2 was delivered to membranes on-demand based on a pH set point. Evaluating a wide range of CO2 concentrations (10% to 100%), we found that all approaches eliminated the buildup of inert gases, could maintain target pH values and gave the same biomass productivities and carbon distributions. However, carbon transfer efficiency depended on the operation of the distal end. Fully open-end operation gave a poor carbon transfer efficiency due to excessive loss of CO2 from the distal end. However, restricting the exit flow rate to ≤4 cm3/min mitigated the problems of excessive CO2 loss, but without incurring a large loss of CO2-delivery flux. For the continuous cultivation, combining a restricted bleed valve with pH-actuated venting improved the carbon-transfer efficiency and -utilization efficiencies up to 85% and 67%, respectively, with a sufficient CO2 delivery flux.
In Vivo Antibacterial Activity of Acetazolamide.

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) represent a major public health threat that require developing new therapeutics. In the present study, acetazolamide (AZM) was evaluated against enterococci.….
A Luminescent Two-Coordinate AuI Bimetallic Complex with a Tandem-Carbene Structure: A Molecular Design for the Enhancement of TADF Radiative Decay Rate

A luminescent bimetallic AuI complex comprised of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) and carbazole (Cz) ligands, that is, (NHC')Au(NHC)AuCz has been synthesized and studied. Both carbene ligands in the bimetallic complex act as electron acceptors in tandem to increase the energy separation between the ground and excited state, which is higher than those found in either monometallic analogue, (NHC)AuCz and (NHC')AuCz. A coplanar geometry designed into the tandem complex ensures sufficient electronic coupling between the π-orbitals of the ligands to impart a strong oscillator strength to the singlet intra-ligand charge-transfer (1 ICT) transition. Theoretical modelling indicates that the emissive ICT excited state involves both NHC ligands. The tandem complex gives blue luminescence (λmax =480 nm) with a high photoluminescent quantum yield (ΦPL =0.80) with a short decay lifetime (τ=0.52 μs). Temperature-dependent photophysical studies indicate that emission is via thermally assisted delayed fluorescence (TADF) and give a small singlet-triplet energy difference (ΔEST =50 meV, 400 cm-1 ) consistent with the short TADF lifetime.
Representations of Creativity by Posters in Freelance Writing Internet Forums

Technical and professional communication (TPC) scholars have called for increased attention to creative thinking in the field’s writing practices. This article examines posts about creativity on tw...
Watching the Grid: Utility-Independent Measurements of Electricity Reliability in Accra, Ghana

In much of the world, electricity grids are not instrumented at the customer level, limiting insights into the power quality experienced by utility customers. Moreover, to understand grid performance, regulators and investors must depend on utilities to self-report reliability data. To address these challenges, we introduce PowerWatch, an agile methodology to directly measure customer experience and aggregated grid performance without relying on the utility for deployment or management. PowerWatch employs a system of distributed sensors coupled with cloud-based analytics. We evaluate the PowerWatch methodology by deploying 462 sensors in homes and businesses in Accra, Ghana for over a year, yielding the largest open-source data set on electricity reliability at the customer-level in the region. We describe the architecture, design, and performance of PowerWatch, as well as the data that are collected, explaining how we determine the accuracy and coverage of our methodology without ground truth. Finally, we report on grid performance issues, finding nearly twice as many outages as the utility observed, suggesting a need for better grid performance monitoring.
The comparative impact of solar policies on entrepreneurship in the U.S. solar photovoltaic installation industry

Abstract The relationship between energy policies and entrepreneurship has long been a keen interest of researchers and policymakers. This study seeks to understand whether and how public policies affect—promote or hinder—the founding of new firms by examining the impact of solar regulatory and financial incentive policies on two types of new firm formation (i.e., start-ups and new subsidiaries) in the U.S. solar photovoltaic (PV) installation industry. This study finds that favorable regulatory policies are associated with an increased number of 2.8 start-ups and 1.6 new subsidiaries, and restrictive regulations (i.e., licensing policies) are associated with 2 fewer start-ups and 0.5 fewer new subsidiaries in a state. This study also finds that third-party ownership policy seems to have no impact on new firm formation. Furthermore, the relationship between financial incentives and new firm formation is not robust. This study suggests that policies that create a favorable business environment (or increase the barriers to business entry) may benefit (or hinder) different types of firms to varying degrees, as firms may have different levels of motivations, incentives, resources, and capacity to leverage these policies. Therefore, the distributional implications of policies should be taken into account in policy designs.