cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field-Scale Numerical Simulation Of Bitumen Mobilization With Solvent Slugs

A comprehensive numerical simulator is developed from an existing bitumen leaching model to incorporate the effects of asphaltene precipitation during bitumen mobilization with a solvent. Such mobilization is required prior to any thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) application. Numerical simulation results indicate that the presence of a bottom-water zone, often considered to be detrimental to oil production, enhances bitumen mobilization to a great extent. The bottom-water zone acts as a transporting medium for initial movement of the solvent and invokes solvent leaching of bitumen. Asphaltene precipitation reduces permeability of the bottom-water zone, thus, controlling excessive fluid influx into the bottom-water zone. This role of asphaltene is particularly important for relatively higher bottom-water permeabilities. A series of numerical simulation runs was conducted to study the effect of a wide range of parameters, such as, the bitumen-to-water zone permeability ratio, type of solvent, the bitumen-to-water zone thickness ratio, flow rate, and others.
Short segment sensory nerve stimulation in suspected ulnar neuropathy at the elbow: A pilot study.

Introduction Routine ulnar nerve conduction studies may be normal in very mild ulnar neuropathies at the elbow (UNE). Short segment ulnar sensory stimulation across the elbow may detect mild abnormalities in these cases. Methods Short segment ulnar sensory nerve stimulation was performed in 20 controls and 15 patients with clinically suspected mild UNE. Greatest peak latency shift and amplitude drop between 2 adjacent stimulation sites were calculated. Results The upper limit of normal for peak latency shift and amplitude reduction between sites was 0.7 ms and 15%, respectively. Abnormal latency shift was detected in 12 of 15 patients and focal sensory conduction block in 6 of 15 patients. In 5 of 7 patients in whom all other studies were normal, sensory inching was abnormal. Discussion Ulnar sensory short segment stimulation may provide diagnostic confirmation and localization of the site of nerve compression in mild UNE, and may improve UNE detection when all other studies are normal. Muscle Nerve 59:125-129, 2019.
Design Of A 250 GHZ Photonic Bandgap Extended Interaction Klystron

Production of millimeter wave and near-THz vacuum electron devices is largely limited by the ability to fabricate very small features on the order of tens of micrometers with near micrometer tolerances. This study details the development of a 250 GHz extended interaction klystron (EIK) amplifier design with uncharacteristically large features. The EIK operates at 30 kV with a beam current of 0.3 A. The interaction cavities operate in the $2 \pi -$mode such that their physical period is $389 \mu \mathrm {m}$. The EIK design utilizes an oversized beam tunnel diameter of $300 \mu \mathrm {m}$. Consequently, lower magnetic field is required to confine the beam at a given current. Most importantly, the EIK input and output cavities feature a modified photonic bandgap (PBG) scheme to achieve the optimum coupling coefficient. Ultimately, the $100 \mu \mathrm {m}$ diameter holes for PBG rods are the smallest dimension needed for fabrication of the EIK, whereas more conventional coupling schemes require features on the order of $30 \mu \mathrm {m}$ at these frequencies.
The Turnout Gap: Race, Ethnicity, and Political Inequality in a Diversifying America

In The Turnout Gap, Bernard L. Fraga offers the most comprehensive analysis to date of the causes and consequences of racial and ethnic disparities in voter turnout. Examining voting for Whites, African Americans, Latinos, and Asian Americans from the 1800s to the present, Fraga documents persistent gaps in turnout and shows that elections are increasingly unrepresentative of the wishes of all Americans. These gaps persist not because of socioeconomics or voter suppression, but because minority voters have limited influence in shaping election outcomes. As Fraga demonstrates, voters turn out at higher rates when their votes matter; despite demographic change, in most elections and most places, minorities are less electorally relevant than Whites. The Turnout Gap shows that when politicians engage the minority electorate, the power of the vote can win. However, demography is not destiny. It is up to politicians, parties, and citizens themselves to mobilize the potential of all Americans.
MAQUI: Interweaving Queries and Pattern Mining for Recursive Event Sequence Exploration

Exploring event sequences by defining queries alone or by using mining algorithms alone is often not sufficient to support analysis. Analysts often interweave querying and mining in a recursive manner during event sequence analysis: sequences extracted as query results are used for mining patterns, patterns generated are incorporated into a new query for segmenting the sequences, and the resulting segments are mined or queried again. To support flexible analysis, we propose a framework that describes the process of interwoven querying and mining. Based on this framework, we developed MAQUI, a M ining A nd Q uerying U ser Interface that enables recursive event sequence exploration. To understand the efficacy of MAQUI, we conducted two case studies with domain experts. The findings suggest that the capability of interweaving querying and mining helps the participants articulate their questions and gain novel insights from their data.
Digital storytelling: Using new technology affordances to organize during high uncertainty

Abstract This paper extends Pentland and Feldman’s (2007) narrative network method and uses it to more clearly understand how new technology affordances and digital spaces impact storytelling and enactment during and immediately after a crisis. To do this, I (a) examine the meaningful roles human motivation and feelings play in online storytelling and enactment, and (b) analyze how context impacts storytelling and enactment, and therefore the construction of narrative networks. Specifically, I analyze a series of Facebook messages exchanged during a recent, very publicized campus crisis to reveal the nonlinear digital stories that are co-constructed online to keep others informed. I demonstrate how crisis-affected populations capitalize on the affordances offered by social media to enact stories, correct stories, and ultimately to aid in sensemaking and sense-giving after a crisis event. Implications of new technology affordances for creating and updating narratives throughout times of high uncertainty are provided.
Inhibition of Water Fern Salvinia minima by Cattail (Typha domingensis) Extracts and by 2-Chlorophenol and Salicylaldehyde

The allelopathic potential of a cattail species (Typha domingensis) towards the common water fern (Salvinia minima) was studied in a short-term bioassay. Aqueous extracts of cattail plants (roots, stems, and leaves) as well as two of its phenolic compounds (2-chlorophenol and salicylaldehyde) were found to inhibit the growth of Salvinia when incorporated in the growth medium. After a period of seven days, chlorophyll concentration, fresh weight, dry weight, and number of fronds of Salvinia were compared and correlations were found among the different parameters. The results suggest an inhibitory effect by components of Typha, especially of the root fractions. Results from pure chemicals are in qualitative and quantitative agreement with those obtained from the cattail extracts.
Provocation and Multiculturalism

This article recounts and critiques the challenges in the application of the provocation doctrine in multicultural societies and the policy of cultural personalization of the provocation doctrine through comparative legal analysis. It provides an overview of the psychological and sociological effects of culture on people’s behavior, and examine the role of cultural affiliation in provocation cases adjudicated by the national courts of Israel, the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada, and Australia. The article also provides a comprehensive background on the foundations of the provocation doctrine, its origins and the principles on which it is based.
Kansas Wind Power Status

Wind-generated electricity has grown from a niche enterprise in the late 20th century to become a major energy source globally and nationally, and Kansas has played a significant role. Kansas wind power expanded more than six-fold between 2008 and 2018. Among states, Kansas now ranks fourth for total wind generating capacity (>6 GW) and second for combined wind and solar electricity production as a fraction of electricity consumption (47%). Kansas is virtually tied with Iowa for the highest amount of wind energy as part of the electric grid mix (>41%). From early development in the High Plains, wind farms and energy complexes have expanded into nearly all regions of the state. The drainage divide between the Missouri River and Arkansas River basins is a geographic focus for recent development of wind farms in eastern Kansas.Generation of electricity in Kansas mirrors overall energy trends in the United States during the past two decades. Coal, petroleum, and nuclear have declined, hydroelectric has been stable, natural gas has grown, and renewable (wind, solar) energy has expanded dramatically. These shifts in energy sources are reflected likewise in significant declines of carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen emissions. Kansas reflects the international character of the wind-energy industry. Installed wind turbines are mainly of Danish, German, and/or Spanish origin with some components manufactured in Kansas and other nearby states.
Gastric Diverticulum Presenting as Hematemesis: A Case Report Detailing an Uncommon Presentation of an Already Rare Entity.

Author(s): Massa, Maddi; Newbold, Karla | Abstract: Introduction: Gastric diverticula (GD) are uncommon. Most are asymptomatic and diagnosed incidentally. Symptoms range from reflux and epigastric discomfort to life-threatening bleeding and perforation. We describe a case of symptomatic GD presenting as hematemesis requiring surgical treatment. Case Report: A 57-year-old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with one day of epigastric pain and hematemesis. Hemoglobin was found to be stable, but blood urea nitrogen was elevated. Imaging revealed a fundal GD. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy did not show other etiology of hematemesis. The patient underwent partial gastric resection for GD removal and did well without further symptoms on follow-up. Conclusion: Although rare, GD needs to be included on a differential diagnosis when evaluating gastrointestinal symptoms in the ED. Patients may present with an array of complaints but can potentially develop serious complications. Providers should be familiar with the diagnostic options and treatment regimens available to better care for patients presenting with GD.
ASSESSING MOOSE HUNTER DISTRIBUTION TO EXPLORE HUNTER COMPETITION

Traditional values, motivations, and expectations of seclusion by moose ( Alces alces ) hunters, more specifically their distributional overlap and encounters in the field, may exacerbate perceptions of competition among hunters. However, few studies have quantitatively addressed overlap in hunting activity where hunters express concern about competition. To assess spatial and temporal characteristics of competition, our objectives were to: 1) quantify temporal harvest patterns in regions with low (roadless rural) and high (roaded urban) accessibility, and 2) quantify overlap in harvest patterns of two hunter groups (local, non-local) in rural regions. We used moose harvest data (2000–2016) in Alaska to quantify and compare hunting patterns across time and space between the two hunter groups in different moose management areas. We created a relative hunter overlap index that accounted for the extent of overlap between local and non-local harvest. The timing of peak harvest was different ( P < 0.01) in urban and rural regions, occurring in the beginning and middle of the hunting season, respectively. In the rural region, hunter overlap scores revealed a concentration in 20% of the area on 16–20 September, with 50% of local harvest on 33% of the area and 54% of non-local harvest on 18% of the area. We recommend specific management strategies, such as lifting the air transportation ban into inaccessible areas, to redistribute hunters and reduce overlap and concerns of competition in high-use areas. We also encourage dissemination of information about known hotspots of hunter overlap to modify hunter expectations and subsequent behavior. Our hunter overlap index should prove useful in regions where similar concerns about hunter competition, hunter satisfaction, and related management dilemmas occur.
Metasurface-Enabled Remote Quantum Interference.

A proposed metasurface made of tiny gold antennas could act as either a flat mirror or a concave, focusing mirror, depending on the radiation pattern of the source, which could lead to new ways to control quantum systems.
Tissue/fluid correlation study for the depletion of sulfadimethoxine in bovine kidney, liver, plasma, urine, and oral fluid

Sulfonamides are among the oldest, but still effective, antimicrobial veterinary medicines. In steers and dairy cows, the sulfonamides are effective in the treatment of respiratory disease and general infections. Sulfadimethoxine (SDM) has been approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in steers and dairy cows with a tolerance of 100 ng/g (ppb) in edible tissues and 10 ppb in milk. The detection of SDM residue above tolerance in the animal slaughtered for food process will result in the whole carcass being discarded. This report describes a comprehensive depletion study of SDM (and its main metabolite) in plasma, urine, oral fluid, kidney, and liver. In this study, nine steers were injected intravenously with the approved dose of SDM; the loading dose was 55 mg/kg, followed by 27.5 mg/kg dose at 24 h and again at 48 h. Fluids (blood, urine, and saliva) and tissue (liver and kidney) samples were collected at intervals after the last dose of SMD. The combination of laparoscopic serial sampling technique with the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method provided the data to establish the tissue/fluid correlation in the depletion of SMD. A strong correlation and linearity of the log-scale concentration over time in the depletion stage has been confirmed for kidney, liver, and plasma.
TwiddleNet: Smartphones as Personal Content Servers for First Responders

TwiddleNet uses smartphones as personal servers to enable instant content capture and dissemination for first-responders. It supports the information sharing needs of first responders in the early stages of an emergency response operation. In TwiddleNet, content, once captured, is automatically tagged and disseminated using one of the several networking channels available in smartphones. TwiddleNet pays special attention to minimizing the equipment, network set-up time, and content capture and dissemination effort. It can support small teams of emergency responders in the first 48-72 hours of an emergency response by using smartphone-based infrastructure and scale up to handle a much larger number of users with a more robust backend.
Water Relations and Cell Expansion of Storage Tissue

Sucrose concentrations in mature culm tissues of sugarcane, Saccharum spp. hybrids, approach one molar. Significant concentrations appear in both the symplastic and apoplastic compartments of the culm tissue. Apoplastic storage of sucrose in sugarcane apparently evolved to allow storage of extraordinarily high concentrations of sucrose without generating correspondingly high solute and turgor potentials. In addition, the relative apoplastic volume in mature culm tissue may be considerable and, if filled, may account for as much as 20% of the stored sucrose. The sucrose in the culm apoplast could potentially enter the xylem stream but is blocked by barriers in the cell walls of the bundle sheath, which prevents apoplastic movement of sucrose outside of the storage parenchyma. In addition to functioning as a storage reservoir, apoplastic sucrose apparently sustains symbiotic bacterial endophytes that may provide the plant with hormones, antifungal compounds, and nitrogen.
America's Uneven Democracy: Race, Turnout, and Representation in City Politics

Although there is a widespread belief that uneven voter turnout leads to biased outcomes in American democracy, existing empirical tests have found few effects. By offering a systematic account of how and where turnout matters in local politics, this book challenges much of what we know about turnout in America today. It demonstrates that low and uneven turnout, a factor at play in most American cities, leads to sub-optimal outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities. Low turnout results in losses in mayoral elections, less equitable racial and ethnic representation on city councils, and skewed spending policies. The importance of turnout confirms long held suspicions about the under-representation of minorities and raises normative concerns about local democracy. Fortunately, this book offers a solution. Analysis of local participation indicates that a small change to local election timing - a reform that is cost effective and relatively easy to enact - could dramatically expand local voter turnout.
Working Outside the Box: Advertising Campaigns, Downtown Revitalization, and Community Engagement

This descriptive analysis of an Advertising Campaigns course demonstrates how measured risk-taking can help establish a “virtuous cycle of improvement” between universities and communities. Student engagement in downtown revitalization efforts was supported by a flexible syllabus, strategic classroom management, and strong partnerships. The essay emphasizes the process of making curricular decisions that align with instructors’ experience, talent, and goals. When teaching outside of the box instructors should choose models that complement their own expertise and talents.
Different Balance of Excitation and Inhibition in Forward and Feedback Circuits of Rat Visual Cortex

Different cortical areas are linked reciprocally via forward and feedback connections. Forward connections are involved in the representation of retinal images, whereas feedback pathways may play a role in the selection and interpretation of visual information. To examine the synaptic mechanisms of forward and feedback connections between primary and secondary visual cortical areas directly, we have performed intracellular recordings in slices of rat visual cortex. Irrespective of stimulus intensity and membrane potential, 78% (45/58) of the cells in striate cortex activated by feedback input showed monosynaptic responses that were depolarizing only, and inhibitory inputs were evident merely as a slight acceleration in the decay of EPSPs. In contrast, in 89% (17/19) of the cells, stimulation of forward input evoked monosynaptic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs), followed by disynaptic, hyperpolarizing inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs). EPSPs followed by IPSPs also were recorded after stimulation of local connections within primary visual cortex (92%, 12/13) and after activation of thalamocortical input (91%, 10/11). These results suggest that the synaptic organization of feedback connections are distinct from forward, local, and thalamocortical circuits. The findings further indicate that intracortical back projections exert modulatory influences via synaptic mechanisms in which weak inhibitory input is strongly dominated by excitation.
The cultural constructs of cancer-related fatigue among American Indian cancer survivors.

Purpose Cancer-related fatigue (CRF) is a common symptom experienced by cancer survivors. Persistent fatigue can last years after cancer treatment. CRF’s origin is unknown, and there are no validated treatments. Cultural constructs (definitions, meaning, and explanations) may vary the presentation and treatment choices related to fatigue. Identifying and categorizing CRF terms and experiences among racial, ethnic, and non-English speaking groups may provide a fuller understanding of CRF to guide tailoring of interventions. We report on the cultural constructs of CRF as reported by American Indian cancer survivors.
Promoting responsible sexual behavior through a college freshman seminar.

Away from direct parental control and the influence of former school classmates and peers bursting with hormones and congregated with hordes of adolescents in similar condition most college freshmen are bound to have sex. In so doing they may be at risk of having unwanted pregnancies and/or contracting HIV and others sexually transmitted diseases. In an attempt to present information on sexuality to such youths while focusing upon personal and social responsibility in the sexual realm the staff of the student health center at the University of South Carolina developed a sexual health curriculum incorporated into the universitys freshman seminar which has been in place for two years and reaches 1200-1500 students annually. The authors surveyed 786 freshmen students enrolled in 37 randomly selected English classes at baseline and at three months to assess the effectiveness of the program in changing the sexuality-related knowledge attitude and behavior of participants. 59% English class students were also in the seminar at baseline; 582 remained at post-intervention. 56% of respondents were female. Survey outcome measurements included knowledge regarding sexually transmitted diseases attitudes about sexual behavior and behaviors including the frequency of condom use abstinence and the number of sex partners. Significantly higher mean knowledge attitude and behavior scores were found at post-intervention for those simultaneously enrolled in the freshman seminar than for those not enrolled. Abstinence among males in the seminar increased with white males more likely than nonwhites to be abstinent or to use a condom. Females not participating in the intervention however reported an increased frequency of never using condoms and a decreased frequency of condom use at last intercourse.
Abelian Chern-Simons theories in 2 + 1 dimensions

Abstract Abelian topological Chern-Simons theories in 2 + 1 dimensions are examined. The Hilbert space is constructed explicitly for all two-dimensional space manifolds and is shown to be finite-dimensional, in the case of compact U(1). It is determined by the genus of the spatial surface, the coefficient of the action k, and a set of vacuum angles, and it corresponds to the space of conformal blocks of a free scalar in two dimensions compactified on a circle of radius squared k. The expectation of an arbitrary knot is then evaluated by relating the theory in the presence of the knot to a theory in a background gauge field. In this framework, the dependence of the result on the regularization and the framing of the knot becomes explicit. Finally, possible extensions of the methods used in this work to nonabelian theories are discussed.
Service-Oriented Entrepreneurship: Service-Dominant Logic in Green Design and Healthcare

The shift in many industrial economies from manufacturing to service may have implications for the extant understanding of value creation. Service-dominant logic (SDL) poses a new paradigm for understanding the basis of economic exchange and argues that service is a true basis for understanding value creation. This service-centered perspective, as opposed to a goods-centered perspective, argues that market exchange actually is the process of parties using their specialized operant knowledge for mutual benefit, and focuses on how providers and customers interact, in order to co-create value. Using the SDL paradigm, this paper examines service-oriented entrepreneurship, where new business opportunities can be identified from the value co-creation perspective that may have been otherwise unnoticed by the goods-centered view. Propositions are developed using literature on SDL and entrepreneurship. Next, secondary cases from four companies are offered which support linkages between SDL and: (1) the identificat...
Ryanodine Action at Calcium Release Channels. 2. Relation to Substituents of the Cyclohexane Ring

Ryanodine (1) and dehydroryanodine (2) are equipotent probes for the ryanodine receptor (ryr) of calcium release channels and differ only in 9eq-methyl for 1 and 9,21-methylene for 2. Ryanoids 1 and 2 are used here to prepare novel modifications of the cyclohexane substituents to determine their effects on ryr activity and selectivity. 10-Oxo-1 when reacted with carbonyl and other reagents gave 13 C-10 derivatives including the epi-amine and epi-4-azidobenzoyl hydrazide as a candidate affinity probe. Four derivatives of 2 included the Δ8-10-hydroxy and Δ8-10-oxo compounds. Defunctionalization of the cyclohexane ring of 2 or its 4,6-ethylboronate was achieved in part by controlled periodate oxidation of the 9,21-diol to the 21-nor-9-oxo compounds. These in turn provided access to the 9ax- and 9eq-hydroxy derivatives and to the 21-nor-10-deoxy-9-oxo compound which was converted to 21-nor-10-deoxy-1 and 10-deoxy-2 along with the epimeric 10-deoxy-9-hydroxy compounds. Ryanoids of similar potency to 1 as inhib...
Developmental aspects of sirenomelia in the mouse.

The mutant gene srn produces sireniform abnormalities in the mouse. The effects of this gene on normal prenatal development were examined histologically by retrograde analysis from day 10 through day 18 of gestation. The sireniformphenotype is characterized by the fusion of the hindlimbs and accompanying defects of the posterior appendicular skeleton. Visceral defects involve the urogenital system and the lower intestinal tract. A single umbilical artery arises from the dorsal aorta and controls the fetal circulatory pathway normally mediated by the lateral umbilical arteries. This artery is believed to have resulted from the fusion of the paired primitive umbilical arteries. It is suggested that the srn mutation causes a narrowing of the posterior amnion early in development. The resulting abnormal pressure causes a dorsal displacement of the hindgut, allowing fusion of the hindlimb buds. Abnormal structural relationships and pressure in the narrowed posteriior region disrupt normal urogenital and intestinal development and increase the proximity of the primitive umbilical arteries.
Derivation of a cardiopoietic population from human mesenchymal stem cells yields cardiac progeny.

Stem cells have emerged as a next-generation therapy for cardiovascular disease. Initial clinical trials in patients with myocardial infarction document improved cardiac performance after administration of stem cells, translating their regenerative potential from the bench to the bedside. However, the promise of stem cell-based therapy has yet to be fully exploited, in part due to varying degrees of efficacy on follow-up. Contributing to the uncertain outcome is the variable cardiogenic potential of patient-derived stem cells. A strategy mimicking cardiogenic signaling was here formulated to transform mesenchymal stem cells, derived from human bone marrow, into cardiac progenitors. We identified a set of recombinant trophic factors capable of collectively inducing nuclear translocation of cardiac-specific transcription factors, engaging mesenchymal stem cells into cardiopoiesis, and ultimately securing a phenotype with functional excitation–contraction coupling. Maximizing the cardiogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells achieves a critical step in optimizing therapeutic translation.
Signal processor for direct current-voltage plotting of voltage-clamp data.

An electronic system is described that permits the direct and immediate display of the current-voltage characteristics of excitable membranes under voltage-clamp.
The role of syntactic structure in the recall of English nominalizations

Current linguistic theory holds that there are two levels of sentence structure, derived constituent or surface structure and underlying or deep structure. Some investigators have argued that sentences are remembered in terms of their deep structures, but recently other investigators have countered that sentence recall is better predicted by surface structure. Five experiments were conducted to determine which of these views more adequately characterizes the memory representation of a sentence. Experiments I-IV demonstrate that with materials with identical surface structures, but differing in deep-structure complexity, differences in recall are predictable from the latter. Thus, the underlying structures seem to be the level which is represented in memory. Experiment V attempted to determine whether transformational history or deep-structure complexity is the more important determinant of recall. Deep-structure complexity, indicated by number of nodes, seems to be the more important.
A Neutralizing Epitope of the Superantigen SEA Has Agonist Activity on T Cells

We have previously shown that sequence 121-149 of the staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigen SEA plays an important role in superantigen function. A synthetic peptide of this region, SEA(121-149), blocks SEA binding to class II MHC molecules and induces interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor production in monocytes. In this study, we further emphasize the structural and functional significance of this region of SEA by showing that the SEA(121-149) peptide induces T cell proliferation in a manner similar to that of SEA. SEA(121-149) reacted with antibodies produced to SEA, and the SEA(121-149) specific antibodies neutralized SEA mitogenic activity. A tetrameric form of SEA(121-149) showed increased binding to antibodies and enhanced T cell activation, consistent with the greater avidity associated with increased valency. These data suggest that the internal domain of SEA corresponding to residues 121-149 plays an important role in superantigen activity.
Managing variability for ultimate energy efficiency

Technology scaling is in the era where the chip performance is constrained by its power dissipation. Although the power limits vary with the application domain, they dictate the choice of technology, architecture, and implementation techniques that trade off performance for power savings. Energy-efficient design is often achieved for designs that are sensitive to technology and design parameters. On the other hand, increased variability in semiconductor process technology and devices requires added margins in the design to guarantee the desired yield. Sources of variability in scaled technologies are reviewed, along with models and methods for their capture in design. Variability is characterized with respect to the distribution of its components, its spatial and temporal characteristics and its impact on specific circuit topologies. Methods of desensitizing the digital logic and SRAM to variability at low supply voltages are demonstrated.
Advances in interventional neuroimaging

Advances in neuroimaging have aided in the development of useful diagnostic modalities for neurological disease and have helped improve existing therapies and pioneer newer therapies in the field of interventional neurology, a new subspecialty of neurology. In this chapter, the authors discuss the advances in various neuroimaging modalities, such as digital subtraction angiography, transcranial and intravascular ultrasonography, interventional dynamic computed tomography and 64-slice computed tomographic scanners, magnetic resonance image-guided interventions and intravascular magnetic resonance imaging, and molecular and cellular neuroimaging tools using microbubbles. The authors also summarize the clinical usefulness of these advances and their role in improving the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of neurointerventional procedures.
Union‐management relations: McCormick harvesting machine company 1862–1886

(1963). Union‐management relations: McCormick harvesting machine company 1862–1886. Labor History: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 132-160.
Effect of Polyamine Analogues on Hypusine Content in JURKAT T-Cells

The availability of synthetic hypusine and deoxyhypusine has made it possible to develop analytical methods which allow for the measurement of these compounds in various tissues. The methods involve dansylation of extracts from the pellet remaining after perchloric acid precipitation of cell or tissue homogenates, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography. To demonstrate the utility of this approach, the impact of four polyamine analogues, N 1 ,N 11 -diethylnorspermine (DENSPM), N 1 ,N 14 -diethylhomospermine (DEHSPM), 1,6,12-triazadodecane [(4,5) triamine], and 1,7,13-triazatridecane [(5,5) triamine], on hypusine levels in a human T-cell line (JURKAT) is evaluated. All four analogues are active in controlling cell growth and compete well with spermidine for the polyamine transport apparatus. After 144 h of exposure to JURKAT cells, DENSPM reduces putrescine to below detectable limits and spermidine to 10% of the level in control cells. The other three analogues diminish both putrescine and spermidine to below detectable limits. The effectiveness with which the compounds lower spermine levels is DENSPM > DEHSPM > (4,5) triamine > (5,5) triamine. The analogues decrease the activities of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in a similar fashion. Of the four polyamines, DENSPM and DEHSPM are potent at lowering intracellular hypusine levels after 144 h: 59 ± 9% and 73 ± 12% of control levels, respectively. The other two analogues have marginal effects.
A Documentary Life of Poe

Dwight Thomas and David K. Jackson. The Poe Log: A Documentary Life of Edgar Allan Poe, 1809–1849. Boston: G. K. Hall and Co., 1987. xlix + 919 pp. $75.00.
Mail-Order Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs): Designing Isoreticular MOF-5 Analogues Comprising Commercially Available Organic Molecules

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a class of porous materials, are of particular interest in gas storage and separation applications due largely to their high internal surface areas and tunable structures. MOF-5 is perhaps the archetypal MOF; in particular, many isoreticular analogues of MOF-5 have been synthesized, comprising alternative dicarboxylic acid ligands. In this contribution we introduce a new set of hypothesized MOF-5 analogues, constructed from commercially available organic molecules. We describe our automated procedure for hypothetical MOF design, comprising selection of appropriate ligands, construction of 3D structure models, and structure relaxation methods. 116 MOF-5 analogues were designed and characterized in terms of geometric properties and simulated methane uptake at conditions relevant to vehicular storage applications. A strength of the presented approach is that all of the hypothesized MOFs are designed to be synthesizable utilizing ligands purchasable online.
Long-wavelength GexSi1-x/Si heterojunction infrared detectors and focal-plane arrays

Heterojunction GexSi1-x/Si internal-photoemission infrared detectors exhibiting nearly ideal thermionic-emission dark-current characteristics have been fabricated with cutoff wavelengths out to 25 micrometers . Heteroepitaxial p-GexSi1-x layers, degenerately doped with boron to concentrations exceeding 1020 cm-3 in order to obtain high free-carrier absorption, are grown in Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The detector cutoff wavelength, which is determined to first order by the valence- band offset, is tailored by varying the composition of the GexSi1-x layer and can be fine tuned by adjusting such parameters as the doping concentration and growth temperature. High-quality imaging without uniformity correction has been demonstrated in the long-wavelength infrared spectral band for 400 X 400- and 320 X 244-element focal plane arrays consisting of GexSi1-x/Si detectors, which have cutoff wavelengths of 9.3 and 10.5 micrometers , respectively, and monolithic CCD readout circuitry.
Education for civic citizenship and social justice: A critical social foundations approach

In an article entitled, ‘Teaching for social justice, diversity, and citizenship in a global world’, Banks (2004) made civic citizenship and social justice the centerpiece of multicultural education and in another article he explained that a “new kind of citizenship education, called ‘multicultural citizenship” will enable students to acquire a delicate balance of cultural, national, and global identifications and to understand the ways in which knowledge is constructed; to become knowledge producers; and to participate in civic action to create a more humane nation and world’ (Banks, 2001, 5). For decades, scholars have debated the best way to prepare citizens for civic citizenship and social justice, and there has been a wide range of terms, projects and disagreements among researchers and practitioners. In this article, I argue that a critical examination of the research literature on multicultural education shows that the study of multicultural education cannot lead to civic citizenship because it lac...
Budding yeast as a model organism for population genetics.

Population genetics is a highly theoretical field in which many models and theories of broad significance have received little experimental testing. Microbes are well-suited for empirical population genetics since populations of almost any size may be studied genetically, and because many have easily controlled life cycles. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is almost ideal for such studies as the growing body of knowledge and techniques that have made it the best characterized eukaryote genome also allow the experimental manipulation and analysis of its population genetics. In experiments to date, the evolution of laboratory yeast populations has been observed for up to 1000 generations. In several cases, adaptation has occurred by gene duplications. The interaction between mutation, selection and genetic drift at varying population sizes is a major area of theoretical study in which yeast experiments can provide particularly valuable data. Conflicts between gene-level and among-cell selection, and co-evolution between genes within a genome, are additional topics in which a population genetics perspective may be particularly helpful. The growing field of genomics is increasingly complementary with that of population genetics. The characterization of the yeast genome presents unprecedented opportunities for the detailed study of evolutionary and population genetics. Conversely, the redundancy of the yeast genome means that, for many open reading frames, deletion has only a quantitative effect that is most readily observed in competitions with a wild-type strain.
Synthesis of Indium Amide Compounds.

Indium trichloride reacts with 3 equiv of lithium amide in diethyl ether to give In(NRR‘)3 (R = Ph or t-Bu, R‘ = SiMe3; R = t-Bu, R‘ = SiHMe2) and with 3 or 4 equiv of LiNMe(SiMe3) to yield Li[In{NMe(SiMe3)}4]. The chloride also reacts with LiNPh2 in THF to give the salt Li[In(NPh2)3Cl] and with LiNRR‘ in pyridine to yield the neutral adduct In(NRR‘)3(py) (R = R‘ = Ph; R = Me, R‘ = SiMe3). The volatile liquids In[N(t-Bu)(SiHMe2)]3 and In[NMe(SiMe3)]3(py) react with p-Me2Npy to form the solid compounds In[N(t-Bu)(SiHMe2)]3(p-Me2Npy) and In[NMe(SiMe3)]3(p-Me2Npy), respectively. X-ray crystallographic studies show that In(NPh2)3(py), In[N(t-Bu)(SiHMe2)]3(p-Me2Npy), and the ether adduct of In[NPh(SiMe3)]3 contain nearly planar In(amide)3 fragments. Crystallographic studies also show that the anion in the salt [Li(THF)4][In(NPh2)3Cl] is nearly tetrahedral and in [Li(p-Me2Npy)][In{NMe(SiMe3)}4] the tetrahedral-like anion is bound to the Li cation via two amide nitrogens. The Li in the latter structure is also b...
The unitary-model operator approach to structure in the 2s-1d shell

Abstract Effective two-body interactions are obtained from three realistic nucleon-nucleon potentials with different core structures by the unitary-model operator method, and applications made to the ground state properties of doubly even N = Z nuclei by Hartree-Fock techniques. Structure calculations include determination of ground state binding energies, radii, energy levels for the single-particle states and deformations for the nuclei 16 O, 20 Ne, 24 Mg, 28 Si, 32 S, and 40 Ca. It is found that the binding is strongly dependent on the choice of the 3 S 1 healing distance for both the Yale and Reid effective two-body interactions. By varying this parameter, quantitative agreement for the binding with the experimental values can be achieved. The deformations found are smaller than empirically expected but are qualitatively correct.
Technical Note-Converting the 0-1 Polynomial Programming Problem to a 0-1 Linear Program

Rules are given that permit 0-1 polynomial programming problems to be converted to 0-1 linear programming problems in a manner that replaces cross-product terms by continuous rather than integer variables. Since the difficulty of mixed integer programming problems often depends more strongly on the number of integer variables than on the number of continuous variables, such rules are expected to have advantages in practical applications. In addition, the continuous variables automatically receive integer values, and hence our formulation can also be exploited by methods designed to take advantage of a pure integer structure.
Variation of RKKY interaction strength in dilute AuFe alloys

Abstract From measurements of the magnetic properties of some dilute AuFe alloys we find that V0, the strength of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction, V(r) = (V0 cos 2kFr)/r3, decreases rapidly from V0 = 11.9 × 10-36 erg cm3 at n = 42 ppm Fe to 1.03 × 10-36 erg cm3 at 6050 ppm Fe. We suggest that the observed decrease of V0 is due to self-damping of the RKKY oscillations, and discuss the significance of this decrease for the interpretation of other experiments on AuFe.
The diffusion of helium through ice

Abstract The diffusion coefficient of helium along the c -axis of single crystals of ice has been found to be of the order of 10 − cm 2 sec −1 at −10°C. This result is discussed in the light of current theories of the diffusion of H 2 O in ice.
Doege-Potter syndrome presenting with hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia in a patient with a malignant extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor: a case report

Doege-Potter syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia secondary to a solitary fibrous tumor. This tumor causes hypoglycemia by the secretion of a prohormone form of insulin-like growth factor II. We describe the diagnosis and management of Doege-Potter syndrome and the use of transarterial chemoembolization in a patient with a malignant extrapleural solitary fibrous tumor. Our patient was a 64-year-old Caucasian woman who initially presented with urinary incontinence and was found to have a 14.5×9.0×9.0cm retroperitoneal solitary fibrous tumor compressing her bladder. Her tumor was surgically resected but recurred with multiple hepatic metastatic lesions. The hepatic metastases progressed despite systemic chemotherapy and treatment with doxorubicin transarterial chemoembolization. Her course was complicated by the development of recurrent fasting hypoglycemia, most likely secondary to Doege-Potter syndrome. Her hypoglycemia was managed with corticosteroid therapy and frequent scheduled nutrient intake overnight. The rarity of hepatic solitary fibrous tumors and consequent lack of controlled trials make this report significant in that it describes the diagnostic approach to Doege-Potter syndrome, describes our experience with the use of doxorubicin transarterial chemoembolization, and presents management options for tumor-associated hypoglycemia in the case of extensive disease not amenable to surgical resection.
Development and Validation of a Fixed-Precision Sampling Plan for Estimating Striped Cucumber Beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) Density in Cucurbits

The striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum (F.), has been identified as one of the most damaging insect pests of vegetables in Minnesota. In an effort to develop practical methods for estimating adult beetle density, beetles were sampled in cucurbit fields throughout central and southern Minnesota during 1994–1995. A. vittatum samples were collected in several cucurbit crops including cucumber, pumpkin, and squash. A sample unit consisted of 7 consecutive plants within a row. Beetle counts were recorded for each of the 7 plants in a sample unit and the sample size consisted of a total of 48 sample units in each field. Counts from individual plants in a sample unit were combined to evaluate progressively larger sample units of 1, 2,… 7 consecutive plants. An enumerative fixed-precision sampling plan was developed based on Green's method and the Taylor power law. Performance of the plan was validated using bootstrap (resampling) simulations and 9 independent data sets. Final analysis indicated that a sample unit of 2 consecutive plants provided the highest relative net precision (RNP) for estimating A. vittatum adult density. On average, over a range of densities, thirty 2-plant sample units per field were necessary to maintain the desired precision (SEM/ x ) level of 0.25. This plan should aid further research on A. vittatum population dynamics, the yield–density relationship, or the correlation between density and incidence of bacterial wilt. This plan also can be used in tandem with recently developed economic thresholds for pest management decision making.
Development of Cyclic γ-MSH Analogues with Selective hMC3R Agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R Antagonist Activities

A series of cyclic lactam analogues of gamma-MSH (H-Tyr1-Val2-Met3-Gly4-His5-Phe6-Arg7-Trp8-Asp9-Arg10-Phe11-Gly12-OH) with a bulky hydrophobic residue in the direct proximity to the pharmacophore (Xaa-D-Phe/D-Nal(2')-Arg-Trp) were designed and synthesized by solid-phase methods. A variety of amino acids with a broad range of hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties was introduced in position 5 to further explore their complementary role in receptor selectivity. Biological evaluation of these peptides revealed several analogues with potent hMC3R agonist and hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist activities, and good receptor selectivity. Analogue 4, c[Nle-Arg-D-Phe-Arg-Trp-Glu]-NH2, was found to be a very potent and selective hMC3R agonist (EC50=1.2 nM, 112% act). In addition, analogue 13, c[Nle-Val-D-Nal(2')-Arg-Trp-Glu]-NH2, was identified as an hMC3R/hMC5R antagonist with the best selectivity against the hMC4R in this series (pA2(hMC3R)=8.4; pA2(hMC5R)=8.7). These results indicate the significance of steric factors in melanocortin receptor selectivity and suggest that introduction of bulky residues in the direct proximity to the melanocortin pharmacophore is an effective approach to design of novel hMC3R and hMC5R selective ligands.