cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of an advanced modular automated evaluation system for experimental high power SGTOs

An advanced evaluation system for experimental high power Super Gate Turn Off Thyristors (SGTOs) with built - in custom data acquisition and characterization electronics was designed and built in a cooperative agreement between engineers at Texas Tech University's Center for Pulsed Power and Power electronics (P3 E) laboratory and research scientists at Army Research Lab (ARL). The system consist of a Pulse Forming Network (PFN) energized by a rapid capacitor charger, a data acquisition system which records chosen waveforms for each test cycle and a curve tracing module which the test devices are mechanically switched into to record current and voltage characteristics at arbitrary intervals between high power cycles. Testing is completely automated, with all test parameters including charge level, repetition rate, volume, etc. set within a windows based GUI. The evaluation system has successfully recorded changing I - V characteristics before actual physical failure in several devices. Extremely high volume testing has also been carried out with one device having been cycled over 42,000 times at moderate (2.5 kA) conduction levels.
Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias complicating organic heart disease.

Abstract 1. 1. An analysis is presented of 175 consecutive patients with supraventricular paroxysmal tachycardia seen in a teaching hospital practice over a period of 15 years. 2. 2. Underlying organic heart disease was found in 131 patients (75 per cent), all of whom represented, in general, an older age group than the patients with normal hearts. Arteriosclerosis and hypertension were the most frequent etiologies, being found in 88 (67 per cent) of the cases with diseased hearts. 3. 3. Of the supraventricular tachycardias in patients with organic heart disease, 45 (35 per cent) were complicated by second and third degree atrioventricular block, which usually could be attributed to complicating digitalis intoxication. 4. 4. Serious clinical symptoms were only rarely observed in patients with normal hearts. In contrast, chest pain, heart failure, and shock were frequent manifestations of the disorder in organic heart disease. 5. 5. Aberration of the QRS complexes during tachycardia was as frequent in normal hearts as in diseased hearts. Atrial rates were noted to be higher in the group with atrioventricular block, resulting in confusion of the electrocardiographic diagnosis with slow atrial flutter. The diagnostic criteria are outlined. 6. 6. The usual methods of termination, utilizing carotid sinus pressure mechanical reflex increase in vagus tone, were much less effective in the patients with organic heart disease than in normal patients. If such measures failed, digitalis therapy was found to be the most effective method if it was not a factor in the production of the rhythm disorder. 7. 7. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia with atrioventricular block presents a special problem in therapy. There is usually gratifying restoration to sinus rhythm upon discontinuation of digitalis and administration of potassium salts. 8. 8. The prognosis of these disorders depends upon the underlying etiology. In myocardial infarction it is uniformly poor, but a few cases can be salvaged by proper therapy. 9. 9. Methods of management in other unusual situations, and prevention of recurrences are discussed.
Relation of family history of prostate cancer to perceived vulnerability and screening behavior.

Men with a positive family history of prostate cancer are known to be at increased risk for the disease; however, relatively little is known about their risk perceptions or screening behavior. To address these issues, the current study examined the relationship of family history of prostate cancer to perceived vulnerability of developing prostate cancer and prostate cancer screening practices. Participants were 83 men with a positive family history of prostate cancer and 83 men with a negative family history of prostate cancer. As predicted, men with a positive family history reported greater (p⩽0.05) perceived vulnerability of developing prostate cancer and stronger intentions to undergo screening (p⩽0.05). They also reported greater past performance of prostate-specific antigen screening and were more likely to request information about prostate cancer (p⩽0.05). Additional analyses indicated that perceived vulnerability mediated the relation between family history and intentions to undergo prostate cancer screening. Findings confirm the increased likelihood of men with a positive family history to undergo prostate cancer screening and suggest that heightened concerns about developing the disease are an important motivating factor. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MIKE RESULTS-IMPLICATIONS FOR SPONTANEOUS FISSION

The November 1, 1952, thermonuclear explosion "Mike" produced isotopes through mass number 255. Since neutron irradiation time is short compared with possible beta-decay lifetimes, we conclude that, through $A=255$, nuclei far from the line of beta stability on the neutron-rich side are at least as likely to decay by negatron emission as by spontaneous fission.
Cambrian trilobites in central Newfoundland volcanic belt

The discovery of species of Kootenia and Bailiella known from the Middle Cambrian of western Newfoundland (“Pacific Province”) and southeastern Newfoundland (“Atlantic Province”) in limestone within volcanic rocks near New World Island, eastern Notre Dame Bay, is the first demonstration of the presence of Cambrian in the volcanic belts in North America, and also shows the mixing of forms from the two provinces.
Discovery of INCB10820/PF-4178903, a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dual CCR2 and CCR5 antagonist

We report the discovery of a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable dual CCR2 and CCR5 antagonist (3S,4S)-N-[(1R,3S)-3-isopropyl-3-({4-[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]piperazin-1-yl}carbonyl)cyclopentyl]-3-methoxytetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-amine (19). After evaluation in 28-day toxicology studies, compound 19 (INCB10820/PF-4178903) was selected as a clinical candidate.
Occupational exposures to blood among emergency medicine residents.

Abstract. Objectives: To investigate the epidemiologic characteristics of potentially infectious occupational exposures to blood among emergency medicine (EM) residents. Methods: A SAEM-sponsored multiple-choice survey was administered anonymously to all EM residents participating in the 1998 American Board of Emergency Medicine in-service examination. Survey questions included resident demographics, use of universal precautions, frequency and types of exposures to blood, and exposure reporting. Residents who experienced at least one exposure were then asked to complete an additional set of questions referring only to their latest exposure. Mean values were calculated for each variable and differences between groups were compared by chi-square analysis. Results: Three thousand one hundred sixty-two surveys were distributed to the resident participants, and 2,985 surveys (94.4%) were returned. Of the participants, 56.1% reported at least one exposure to blood during their EM training. The frequency of this self-reported exposure increased with advancing EM level of training (43% EM-1, 58% EM-2, 64% EM-3, 76% EM-4, p < 0.001). Of these residents, 36.6% always followed universal precautions, 54% frequently, and 9.4% sometimes, rarely, or never. Those individuals who “always” followed universal precautions reported significantly fewer exposures than those who did not (p < 0.005). The latest exposures were most commonly caused by a solid needle or sharp object (39.4%), by a hollow-bore needle (30.6%), or by eye splashes (17.2%). Of these exposures, 71.7% occurred in the ED setting, and only 46.7% of these exposures were reported to health care providers. Conclusion: Emergency medicine residents are frequently exposed to blood, most commonly due to puncture injuries by sharp objects. The rate of exposure reporting is low, which may compromise appropriate postexposure counseling and prophylaxis.
Plasticity of the phonotactic selectiveness of four species of chirping crickets (Gryllidae): Implications for call recognition

Earlier studies of phonotaxis by female crickets describe this selective behavioural response as being important in the females' choices of conspecific males, leading to reproduction. In the present study, moderate (30+) to very large data sets of phonotactic behaviour by female Acheta domesticus L., Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer, Gryllus pennsylvanicus Burmeister and Gryllus veletis Alexander demonstrate substantially greater plasticity in the behavioural choices, as made by females of each species, for the syllable periods (SP) of model calling songs (CS) than has been previously described. Phonotactic choices by each species range from the very selective (i.e. responding to only one or two SPs) to very unselective (i.e. responding to all SPs presented). Some females that do not respond to all SPs prefer a range that includes either the longest or shortest SP tested, which fall outside the range of SPs produced by conspecific males. Old female A. domesticus and G. pennsylvanicus are more likely to be unselective for SPs than are young females. Each species includes females that do not respond to a particular SP when responding to CSs with longer and shorter SPs. The results suggest that the plasticity of phonotactic behaviour collectively exhibited by the females of each species does not ensure that choices of a male's CS effectively focus the female's phonotactic responses on CSs that represent the conspecific male. The phonotactic behaviour collectively exhibited by females of each species does not readily fit any of the models for selective processing by central auditory neurones that have been proposed to underlie phonotactic choice.
Assessing the health information needs of unaffiliated health professionals and using training on openly available search tools and resources to provide solutions to their information access challenges and barriers.

This article will describe a year-long (2010–11) joint project between Columbia University Medical Center's Health Sciences Library and the Institute for Family Health (IFH), a network of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) serving disadvantaged populations in New York State. This National Institutes of Health-funded pilot project aimed to (a) determine the medical literature and training needs of IFH personnel, (b) develop generic licensing agreements with publishers that would enable a health sciences library to provide access to electronic resources for FQHC personnel, and (c) develop reference/education services for IFH personnel. How the reference and education aims were met will be described and discussed here as the lessons learned from this project may be useful to librarians considering doing instructional outreach to unaffiliated health professionals working at FQHCs nationwide.
River Basin Network Model for Integrated Water Quantity/Quality Management

The MODSIM river basin network flow model is extended to directly incorporate constraints on concentrations of conservative water quality constituents. The extended model MODSIMQ is linked with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's QUAL2E streamflow water quality model and a model for estimating quality of irrigation return flows. An iterative procedure based on the Frank-Wolfe nonlinear programming algorithm links MODSIMQ and the water quality models to assure convergence to solutions satisfying water right priorities, while attempting to maintain minimum water quality requirements. Irrigation return flows, canal seepage, reservoir seepage, deep percolation, and river depletion due to groundwater pumping are modeled using stream depletion factors from the U.S. Geological Survey. Application of MODSIMQ to the lower Arkansas River basin in Colorado successfully models the complex legal and administrative issues under Colorado water law and the Arkansas River Compact, including the many water exchange ...
Shunt haemodynamics and extracorporeal dialysis: an electrical resistance network analysis

A time-dependent resistance model is used to study haemodynamic aspects of haemodialysis treatment. In the first part of the paper one model circuit, consisting of a pressure source, upstream and downstream resistances and a branching resistance, is shown to represent the haemodynamics of any type of arteriovenous fistula (AVF). Simple algebraic relations are derived for the haemodynamic determinants of AVFs, including finger ischaemia and AVF-maturation. The second part of the paper analyses the influences of a two-needle extracorporeal dialysis (ECD) circuit on the systemic vascular haemodynamics. The main result of the analysis is that the ECD-circuit can be considered as virtually independent of the systemic circulation. Consequently the dialysis flow does not depend on systemic vascular determinants and there are no instantaneous changes in the systemic circulation after switching on the ECD circuit. The ECD flow at onset of AVF collapse is shown to be (slightly) larger than the undisturbed AVF flow. Hence, onset of collapse strongly depends on the systemic blood pressure and vascular resistances. It can be used diagnostically to assess AVF capacities. Optimisation of haemodialysis through the ECD circuit is predicted to be inefficient.
Methodologies on designing a hybrid shared-mesh-protected WDM network with sparse wavelength conversion and regeneration

In a wavelength-routed WDM optical network, having regeneration and wavelength conversion at every node is not cost-effective. However, in a nation-wide backbone network, regeneration is required for some lightpaths. With shared-mesh protection, wavelength-conversion is helpful in increasing the wavelength sharing among protection paths therefore can improve resource-utilization. In this work we study the problem of selecting wavelength-conversion and regeneration sites in such a network. We show that the wavelength converter placement problem can be formulated as an integer linear program and propose several heuristics for solving the sparse wavelength conversion and regeneration problem.
Sound transmission prediction by 3-D elasticity theory

The problem of sound transmission through layered panel structures is studied with the exact theory of three-dimensional (3-D) elasticity. The exact solution to the 3-D elasticity equations is obtained by the use of the Fourier spectral method. Based on this analytical solution, a transfer matrix is derived that relates the spectral displacements and stresses on the one surface of the panel to those on the opposite panel surface. The transfer matrix is then used to develop the analytical solutions for sound reflection and transmission coefficients. Explicit, concise expressions are obtained for the analytical solutions of the acoustic transmission and reflection coefficients under the general conditions of layered anisotropic panels. Examples are given for both single-layer and sandwich panels. Predictions on sound transmission from the 3-D elasticity theory are compared with available data from other methods, and the results are discussed.
The Illness of Vincent van Gogh

Vincent van Gogh (1853–1890) had an eccentric personality and unstable moods, suffered from recurrent psychotic episodes during the last 2 years of his extraordinary life, and committed suicide at the age of 37. Despite limited evidence, well over 150 physicians have ventured a perplexing variety of diagnoses of his illness. Henri Gastaut, in a study of the artist’s life and medical history published in 1956, identified van Gogh’s major illness during the last 2 years of his life as temporal lobe epilepsy precipitated by the use of absinthe in the presence of an early limbic lesion. In essence, Gastaut confirmed the diagnosis originally made by the French physicians who had treated van Gogh. However, van Gogh had earlier suffered two distinct episodes of reactive depression, and there are clearly bipolar aspects to his history. Both episodes of depression were followed by sustained periods of increasingly high energy and enthusiasm, first as an evangelist and then as an artist. The highlights of van Gogh’...
Mass-Dependent and Mass-Independent Isotope Effects of Zinc in a Redox Reaction

We report the isotope fractionation of zinc (Zn) associated with a redox reaction between Zn(0) and Zn(II). Zn isotopes were found fractionated in pyrometallurgical biphase extraction between liquid zinc and molten chloride. The isotopic composition of Zn in the molten chloride phase was analyzed by multiple collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and reported as (m)Zn/64Zn (m = 66, 67, and 68) ratios. The observed isotope fractionation consists of the mass-dependent and mass-independent isotope effects. The contributions of the nuclear mass and the nuclear volume to the overall isotope effect were evaluated by employing first-principles quantum calculations and using reported isotope shifts in atomic spectra. The magnitude of the mass-dependent isotope effect was explained by the sum of the isotope effect via intramolecular vibrations and the correction to the Born-Oppenheimer electronic energy. The mass-independent isotope effect was correlated with the Gibbs free energy change in the redox reaction.
Isolation and characterization of genomic moose DNA clones containing sequences homologous to tRNAs and 5S rRNA

Abstract We have cloned and characterized three fragments of Balb/c mouse DNA which hybridize to mouse cell tRNAs. Fractionation of the tRNAs which hybridize to these clones reveals that two of the clones, lambda Mt-4A and lambda Mt-6A hybridize to only one or two tRNAs, while one clone, lambda Mt-4B, hybridizes to at least seven tRNAs. Two of the tRNAs were identified as tRNAProCCG and tRNAGlyGGA, and others have been identified as tRNAs which are selectively encapsidated into virions of murine leukemia virus and avian reticuloendotheliosis virus. The DNA sequences of putative genes for tRNAProCCG and tRNAGlyGGA, plus flanking regions, were determined. A clone of Balb/c mouse DNA which selectively hybridized to 5S rRNA was also isolated and partially characterized.
Near-field recording for small form factor optical disks

Small form factor optical disk (SFFOD) with a diameter of 27.4 mm was prepared for a mobile application. Near-field recording (NFR) technology with a flying optical head is applied to SFFOD for high density and small volume. A problem of contamination was observed at the head-disk interface (HDI) for first-surface recording. As a solution of the problem, a cover-layer was laminated onto the disk to move the focal plane into the media, which could solve the contamination problem. An edge bead free cover-layer could be coated with UV curable resin by using an outer-ring technique during the spin coating process. A diamond-like carbon (DLC) film and a lubricant film were coated on the disk to reduce the HDI problems.
Soil Clean Up by in-situ Aeration. V. Vapor Stripping from Fractured Bedrock

A mathematical model for soil vapor stripping is presented which permits one to model vapor stripping from porous fractured bedrock, where one cannot make the assumption of local equilibrium between the stationary condensed phase and the moving vapor phase with respect to contaminant transport. Models for lab column operation and field operation of a vapor stripping well are presented. A lumped parameter approach is used to handle the kinetics of diffusion of the volatile contaminant from the interiors of the pieces of bedrock out to the moving soil gas. A method for estimating the time constant for this diffusion transport is presented, and the effects of the time constant on the performance of vapor stripping operations are assessed. The effects of impermeable circular caps on vapor stripping wells with and without passive vent wells are examined.
Size-dependent structural transition from multiple-twinned particles to epitaxial fcc nanocrystals and nanocrystal decay

The size dependence of structural transition from multiple-twinned particles (MTP) to epitaxial face centered cubic nanocrystals was investigated for Ag nanoparticles formed on Si(001) surfaces by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction and ex situ transmission electron microscopy. The transition from MTP to nanocrystals was promoted by postdeposition annealing. Clear particle size dependence is found in the epitaxial formation temperatures $({T}_{E})$, which is about $2∕3$ of the calculated, size-dependent, melting temperature $({T}_{M})$ using the value of surface energy ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{S}=1.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{J}∕{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ for larger particles $(g2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm})$. Once nanocrystals are formed, they decay and disappear in a narrow temperature range between 795 and $850\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$. No evidence of nanocrystal melting was detected from the reflection high-energy electron diffraction observations.
Accuracy of kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations for space-independent flows on infiltrating surfaces with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation

Error equations for the kinematic wave and diffusion wave approximations with lateral inflow neglected in the momentum equation are derived under simplified conditions for space-independent flows. These equations specify error as a function of time in the flow hydrograph. The kinematic wave, diffusion wave and dynamic wave solutions are parameterized through a dimensionless parameter γ which is dependent on the initial conditions. This parameter reflects the effect of initial flow depth, channel-bed slope, lateral inflow, infiltration and channel roughness when the initial condition is non-vanishing; it reflects the effect of bed slope, channel roughness and acceleration due to gravity when the initial condition is vanishing. The error equations are found to be the Riccati equation. The structure of the error equations in the case when the momentum equation neglects lateral inflow is different from that when the lateral inflow is included.
A monte carlo study of the power of some k-sample tests for ordered binomial alternatives

Various exact tests based on isotonic regression for testing the hypothesis that there is no dose-response effect, versus the hypothesis that there is an ordered relationship, were studied. Binomial samples were simulated under the null hypothesis, order alternatives, probit model and reverse alternatives for 3, 4 and 6 groups. We found that the nominal levels and the powers of these exact tests are very similar to that of a regression test for linear trend and that of a maximin score test for small group sizes, namely for 3 or 4. However, exact tests are less sensitive to reverse alternatives, and more powerful for larger population sizes, namely for 6 groups.
Vanadium dioxide films grown from vanadium tetra-isopropoxide by the sol-gel process

Abstract Vanadium dioxide thin films have been grown from vanadium (IV) tetra-isopropoxide by the sol-gel process. Films were deposited by dipcoating glass slides from an isopropanolic solution. The dried gel films were annealed at elevated temperatures under nitrogen to form polycrystalline VO 2 . These gel-derived VO 2 films undergo a reversible semiconductor-to-metal phase transition near 67 °C, exhibiting characteristic resistive and spectral switching. The electrical resistance decreases by one to two orders of magnitude and the near-IR transmittance approaches zero as the material undergoes this phase transition. These results are comparable with near stoichiometric VO 2 films prepared on non-crystalline substrates by other techniques.
Ultrasonographic display of complex vascular rings

Abstract Ultrasonographic display of vascular ring anatomy has been limited to single-plane views. This does not readily allow for a three-dimensional interpretation of structural relations. A method that included a sweep consisting of multiple contiguous frontal planes was used in 12 patients with a vascular ring before repair for the evaluation of the arch sidedness and number, brachiocephalic vessel pattern, upper descending thoracic aorta sidedness, ductus arteriosus site or sites and proximal pulmonary arteries; 7 patients had Doppler color flow imaging. Complete imaging of the luminal vascular components was possible in all but one patient. Its four other patients, atretic segments of the vascular ring could not be displayed. The addition of Doppler color flow imaging especially aided in the tracing of multiple vascular structures in complex cases and in assessing ductus arteriosus and arch patency. The use of a suprasternal frontal sweep with posterior angulation could display encirclement of the air-filled trachea. Vascular ring segments without (lumens could not be displayed.
The Role of Bioprosthetics in Abdominal Wall Reconstruction

In several common situations, bioprosthetic materials may have distinct advantages over synthetic mesh and autologous flap or graft techniques for abdominal wall reconstruction. These off-the-shelf materials entail no donor site morbidity and are used successfully in contaminated wounds owing to their ability to resist infection, become revascularized and incorporated into host tissue, and reduce visceral adhesions. Fibrovascular incorporation into surrounding tissues and implant remodeling reduce the risks associated with a persistent foreign body, such as chronic infection, enterocutaneous fistulae, and cutaneous exposure. Disadvantages of bioprosthetic materials include higher implant cost relative to synthetic mesh, limited size of individual sheets in some cases, and risk of seroma formation. Bioprosthetic mesh has been used for abdominal wall reconstruction for approximately 5 years, so long-term studies are not available. Current laboratory and clinical evidence suggests that these materials provide a strong, durable musculofascial repair when used for abdominal wall repair. Further studies and ongoing clinical experience will be important in determining the indications for which bioprosthetic mesh will have the greatest impact. Currently available commercial products have distinct differences that result in varied clinical biologic and physiologic activity. New products and modifications to existing products may further enhance the benefits of bioprosthetic mesh, particularly in challenging cases. The use of bioprosthetic mesh has attracted interest in a relatively short period of time, with rapidly increasing indications and volume of cases successfully performed. Bioprosthetic mesh likely will play a progressively greater role in trunk reconstruction in the future.
Forces on adhesive contacts affect cell function

Cellular forces acting on the adhesive contacts made with the extracellular matrix (ECM) contribute significantly to cell shape, viability, signal transduction and motility. In the past two years, research has determined how cell spreading influences cell viability as well as cytoskeletal organization. The cytoskeleton generates a level of tension against the ECM that is proportional to ECM stiffness. The strength of this tension exerted against the ECM affects the migratory speed of the cell.
Negative-parity states near the yrast line in 144Nd.

The near-yrast spectrum of the N=84 isotope $^{144}\mathrm{Nd}$ has been studied using the $^{130}\mathrm{Te}$${(}^{18}$O,4n) reaction at a lab energy of 85 MeV and the techniques of \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray spectroscopy. Sixteen new states and 23 new \ensuremath{\gamma} rays were placed in the level scheme. Most of the yrast and near-yrast negative-parity states have been interpreted in terms of empirical shell-model configurations. However, the interpretation of a sequence of states from J=17--24 in terms of the ${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}^{3}$${\mathit{g}}_{7/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$${\mathit{d}}_{5/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}6}$ proton configuration is problematic because the observed energies cannot be satisfactorily reproduced with empirical shell-model calculations.
Kinetic and substrate binding analysis of phosphorylase b via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: a model for chemical proteomics of sugar phosphorylases

As a general strategy for determining the chemical function of the class of enzymes that cleaves glycosidic linkages with phosphate, the first mass spectrometry and direct detection assay for sugar phosphorylases has been developed and used to study the inhibition and minimal binding requirements of rabbit muscle phosphorylase b. In contrast to the currently employed assays for these enzymes that measure the nonphysiologically relevant reverse reaction of glycosidic bond synthesis and thereby require prior knowledge of not just one but two sugar components, this new method has the potential to greatly reduce the complexity in discovering the substrate specificity of a new enzyme. Certain phosphorylases can catalyze the degradation of glycogen into alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate and are targets for the development of antidiabetic therapeutics. By electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis, the kinetic parameters K(m), V(max), and K(i) (for alpha/beta-D-glucose) have been determined for the rabbit muscle phosphorylase b. This enzyme accepts maltoheptaose, maltohexaose, and maltopentaose as substrates in the direction of glycogen degradation, but the tetrasaccharide maltotetraose cannot serve as a substrate for this phosphorylysis reaction.
Motion blur detecting by support vector machine

Among various factors degrading captured image quality, motion blur is the most common. The user becomes aware of the blur only after viewing pictures on a higher resolution display. The causes of motion blur are object movement, camera shake, or any relative speed between the object and the camera. To avoid this problem, many anti-shaking or image stabilization techniques have been developed. However, a detecting mechanism for motion blur is still lacking. Hence, this paper will address some possible solutions and evaluate their performance. The purpose of a motion blur detector is to classify the digital image as blurred or clear and inform users. This function can supply information for users to decide to retake the picture immediately instead of turning the camera to playback mode to check. For achieving higher error tolerance and adaptation to different image capturing circumstances, a machine learning technique is employed. Different digital image processing schemes are explored to find the most discriminative features. Among the many machine techniques, Support Vector Machine (SVM) has been implemented. To achieve the best performance for SVM, inherent information -extraction from motion blurred images is extremely important. Thus, several signal transformations including discrete Fourier, discrete cosine, and Radon transformation have been explored. A comparison of the performance of different feature vectors, kernel function, and parameters will also been addressed in this paper.
Transformation by polyoma ts-a mutants I. Characterization of the transformed phenotype

Abstract Seven clonal lines of Fischer rat cells transformed with is-a mutants of polyoma virus were studied. Four clones are characterized by a temperature-sensitive (ts) and three clones by a temperature-insensitive-transformed phenotype. Six clones have retained a functional though temperature-sensitive large T antigen, as judged by a 10- to 20-fold amplification of viral sequences in clones grown at low temperature compared to those grown at high temperature. No amplification is observed in one non-ts clone. As analyzed by Southern blotting, no obvious difference appears in the integration pattern of viral sequences in is and non-ts clones concerning the number of sites of genome integration, the presence or absence of tandem repeats of the viral genome, or the absence of specific viral sequences. In autoradiograms of gel-electrophoresed immunoprecipitates, no correlation can be drawn between the amounts of either large T antigen or middle T antigen and the type of transformed state of the clones under the conditions tested. In assays of the middle T-antigen-associated kinase, no reproducible difference can be observed between the non-ts and is clones. Finally, no correlation was observed between a temperature-insensitive phenotype and the production of an N-terminal fragment of large T antigen. Thus the molecular basis for the difference between is-a transformants with is or non-ts phenotypes remains elusive.
Performance measurements of coexisting IEEE 802.11g/n networks

This paper presents the problems of coexisting IEEE 802.11 protocols in the 2.4 GHz ISM band. The focus is on introducing IEEE 802.11n products into a heavily used IEEE 802.11g area. We show that the newer wireless n protocol has adverse effects on the transmission rate of the older, more commonly used protocols. The adoption of IEEE 802.11n in areas with high data rates might incur a negative impact on other low-power 2.4 GHz band communication protocols. This can be due to the fact that IEEE 802.11n can use multiple channels concurrently. Technologies such as sensor networks in buildings, Bluetooth communication, and other wireless protocols might sustain lower throughput in the presence of IEEE 802.11n wireless communication. The range of IEEE 802.11n can also be a factor with interference with multiple IEEE 802.11g networks that are out of range of each other.
Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics in the temporal gauge

A canonical formulation is given for Yang-Mills theory and quantum chromodynamics in the temporal gauge. Operator constraints are avoided so that canonical commutation rules apply throughout. The use of ghost operators for longitudinal and timelike gluons permits the selection of states that obey the gauge-fixing condition and Gauss's law as time-independent constraints. Propagators for longitudinal gluons are evaluated and an argument is given in support of the conclusion that the part of the propagator that violates time-translation invariance has no effect on perturbative S-matrix elements. The validity of asymptotic free-field representations for quarks and gluons in perturbative S-matrix calculations is related to the Lie algebra that characterizes the gauge theory.
Geometric problem in medical imaging

In this paper we provide a rigorous mathematical foundation for Tuned- Aperture Computed Tomography, a generalization of standard tomosynthesis that provides a significantly more flexible diagnostic tool. We also describe how the general TACT algorithm simplifies in important special cases, and we investigate the possibility of optimizing the algorithm by reducing the number of fiducial reference points. The key theoretical problem is how to sue information within an x-ray image to discover, after the fact, what the relative positions of the x-ray source, the patient, and the x-ray detector were when the x-ray image was created.
The persistence of a misconception about vision after educational interventions.

Children and adults, like many ancient philosophers, believe that seeing involves emissions from the eye. Several experiments tested the strength of these “extramission” beliefs to determine whether they, like other scientific misconceptions, are resistant to educational experiences. Traditional college-level education had little impact. Presenting a simplified lesson, stressing visual input, and a lesson directly counteracting the vision misconception had an impact, but for older participants the effect was evident only on short-term tests. Despite some gain due to learning, overall the results demonstrated the robustness of extramission beliefs.
Pion condensates. Multiple photon mass generation in presence of heavy ions

Abstract It is shown that the charged pion-photon coupling, in the region between two heavy nuclei while colliding, gives rise to a photon mass. Independently of this, when there is a neutral pion condensation (also in the region between the heavy nuclei) as well, a mass arises from a Chern-Simons type term. However, when both these effects are considered together, photons having a multiple mass spectrum are generated. It is thus suggestive that the decay of the “heavy” photons into e+e− could provide an explanation of the anomalous multiple e+e− MeV peaks observed in heavy ion scattering.
Religious Networking Organizations and Social Justice: An Ethnographic Case Study

The current study provides an innovative examination of how and why religious networking organizations work for social justice in their local community. Similar to a coalition or community coordinating council, religious networking organizations are formal organizations comprised of individuals from multiple religious congregations who consistently meet to organize around a common goal. Based on over a year and a half of ethnographic participation in two separate religious networking organizations focused on community betterment and social justice, this study reports on the purpose and structure of these organizations, how each used networking to create social capital, and how religion was integrated into the organizations’ social justice work. Findings contribute to the growing literature on social capital, empowering community settings, and the unique role of religious settings in promoting social justice. Implications for future research and practice also are discussed.
Determination of imazethapyr using capillary column flow injection liposome immunoanalysis

A sensitive immunoanalysis system was developed for the quantitation of imazethapyr, the active ingredient in PURSUIT herbicide. Imazethapyr [5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid] is one of the imidazolinone class of herbicides. The assay was based on sequential competitive binding of imazethapyr and liposomes for a limited number of antibody binding sites. A capillary tube (20 cm × 0.53 mm i.d.) with immobilized antibody was used as the immunoreactor column. Liposomes that entrap fluorescent molecules as the detectable label provide instantaneous, rather than time-dependent, enhancement, common with enzyme immunoassays. In this study, liposomes encapsulated carboxyfluorescein dye and were made antigenic by incorporating in the bilayer a phospholipid that had the analyte conjugated to its polar head group. The calibration curve for imazethapyr in Tris-buffered saline solution had a working range of 0.1−100 ng/mL. In the range between 1 and 100 ng/mL, recoveries from forti...
920-48 Influence of Preoperative Risk Factors on Intraoperative and Postoperative Cerebrovascular Accidents in Cardiac Surgery

Influence of risk factors on cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) in cardiac surgery has been investigated in several studies, but no one has identified differences in risk factors on intraoperative CVA (I-CVA) and postoperative CVA (P-CVA). I-CVA is identified when evidence of CVA is seen as patient emerges from anesthesia and P-CVA is identified if after emerging from anesthesia normally, signs of CVA then appear. To explore proper preventive strategies for each CVA, data were reviewed in 4351 adult patients who underwent cardiac surgery between 1/1/90 and 6/30194. Sixty (1.38%) patients suffered I-CVA and 53 (1.24%) patients experienced P-CVA. CVA patients are older (I-CVA: 69.6 vs. 64.2, p l 0.001; P-CVA: 70.1 vs. 64.1, P l 0.001) and I-CVA shows a higher proportion of females (45.0% vs. 30.0%. p = 0.01). The rates of I-CVA and P-CVA are 1.48% and 1.34% for isolated CABG patients (n = 3037). 0.28% and 0.70% for isolated valve patients (n = 713). 1.90% and 1.69% for patients who undervvent combined procedures (n = 422), 2.79% and 0.57% for other surgeries (n = 179). Patient age (p l 0.001) and proportion of females (p l 0.0011 differed by procedures (CABG: 64.6 ± 10.4.25.0%; Valve: 60.4 ± 15.7.46.1%; CABG + Valve: 704 ± 9.0, 34.8%; others: 58.4 ± 16.2.44.7%). In order to adjust influence of preoperative risk factors on each CVA. stepwise logistic regression was applied to a subset of isolated CABGs. Intraoperative CVA Postoperative CVA Risk Factor Odds Ratio p Risk Factor Odds Ratio p Carotid Disease 4.81 l0.001 Prior Stroke 7.33 l0.001 Renal Disease 4.04 l0.001 Refuse blood 6.68 0.003 Diabetes 2.62 0.003 Cardiac Arrest 6.60 l0.001 MI ≥ 30 Days 2.50 0.103 Carotid Disease 3.61 0.012 Age ≤ 65 Years 1.91 0.074 Cardiogenic Shock 3.02 0.014 Female Gender 1.80 0.063 Age≥ 75 Years 2.05 0.041 Conclusions (1) The risk of I-CVA or P-CVA is higher for CABG procedures, with or without associated valve procedure, than for isolated valve procedures. (2) Patient age is a predictor for I-CVA and P-CVA. (3) There may be a slightly increased risk for I-CVA in females.
Correlating the Dynamic Modulus and the Indirect Tensile Strength of Asphalt Concrete

This study has developed a relationship between the Dynamic Modulus (E*) and the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA) using standard laboratory tests programs. Two types of SuperPave (SP) mixtures were considered namely, SP-III with 15% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) materials and SP-III with 35% RAP materials. Cylindrical samples of 100 mm diameter and 150 mm height were prepared. The samples were then tested for |E*| value at 210C at several loading frequencies following the AASHTO TP 62-07 test protocol. Next, the samples were cut into circular pieces of 38 to 50 mm thickness using laboratory saw. The samples are then tested for ITS value by applying a deformation rate of 50 mm per minute (AASHTO T 283 protocol). The ITS was calculated following the AASHTO T 283-07 test standard. The |E*| values (MPa) of SP-III with 15% RAP at 25, 10, 5.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 Hz are measured to be 65, 59, 52, 34, 31, and 18 times of ITS (psi) respectively. The |E*| values (MPa) of SP-III with 35% RAP at 25, 10, 5.0, 1.0, 0.5, 0.1 Hz are measured to be 41, 38, 33, 24, 20, and 14 times of the ITS (psi) respectively. This study also draws a conclusion that increase in RAP has resulted in increased stiffness and strength.
The supercritical fluid extraction of peat using water and aqueous organic solutions

Abstract The supercritical fluid extraction of organics from sun- and air-dried peat was investigated using solvents providing different intermolecular solute-solvent forces. Snyder's classification of selectivity groups indicated that acetone-water mixtures capable of large dipole interactions were more successful than those promoting hydrogen-bonding: water (proton donor) and methanol-water mixtures (proton acceptor). Neither solvent densities nor Hildebrand solubility parameters were satisfactory for predicting supercritical solvent effectiveness. At slightly subcritical conditions, both the acetone-water mixtures and methanol-water mixtures were good solvents.
A preliminary crystallographic investigation of rabbit muscle creatine kinase

Three crystal forms of rabbit muscle creatine kinase have been grown, one of which seems suited to a high resolution X-ray diffraction study. The first form is of monoclinic space group P21 with a = 54 A, b = 114 A, c = 145 A, β = 91 ° and has as the asymmetric unit two molecules of total molecular weight 160, 000. The second form, grown in the presence of mercurials, is of space group A2 with a = 52 A, b = 165 A, c = 237 A, β = 91 ° and also has two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The third crystal form, grown in the presence of a high concentration of cysteine, is of apparent space group P212121, but evidence indicates that the true space group may be P21221. The dimensions of the orthorhombic unit cell are a = 47 A, b = 86 A, c = 125 A, and the asymmetric unit contains a single protein subunit. Assuming the latter space group, then the creatine kinase molecule possesses a twofold axis relating two identical subunits.
Effect of sclerotial distribution pattern of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on biocontrol efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum

Abstract Field studies were conducted over two seasons to investigate effects of random versus highly aggregated spatial arrangements of sclerotia of S. sclerotiorum, and effects of biocontrol agent density and formulation additives, on colonization of sclerotia by Trichoderma spp. Application of T. harzianum encapsulated in alginate pellets with either bran or polyethylene glycol additives increased the percentages of sclerotia colonized in both years, but there was no difference between additives in either year. Higher pellet densities (200 pellets/m2 versus 40 pellets/m2) resulted in higher proportions of sclerotia colonized by Trichoderma spp. in one season but not in the other. However, when sclerotia were in highly aggregated spatial patterns, significantly higher percentages were colonized in both years, compared to sclerotia in random distributions.
A regiospecific approach to 6-deoxyanthracyclinones; the structure of γ-citromycinone

Abstract The known tetralone 5 has been regiospecifically converted in 10 steps (11% yield) to the 6-deoxy tetracyclic ketone 15 . Our sequence includes a novel one-step oxidation of 5 to naphthaldehyde 6 , and an unusual enone to phenol isomerization ( 12 » 14 ). Although C-7 functionalization of carbinol 17 failed, olefin 18 was converted to diol 4 . The properties of 4 did not agree with those reported for γ-citromycinone, suggesting that the latter has the isomeric structure 3 .
On the applications of the method of absolute scaling

Empirical and fictitious examples are described for investigating the applications of the absolute scaling method for item scaling and score scaling. A discrepancy between the correct values and the values estimated through the absolute scaling method is demonstrated. It is concluded that when the groups are different the assumption of an identity between test score conversion and item difficulty conversion is not met.
Effect of interferon on murine leukemia virus infection. II. Synthesis of viral components in exogenous infection.

Abstract The effect of purified mouse interferon on acute exogenous infection with AKR mouse leukemia virus (MuLV) was studied; under the conditions used, interferon treatment reduced the amount of cell-associated virus by more than 100-fold. As measured by hybridization with AKR-L1 [ 3 H]DNA probe, the whole AKR virus genome was transcribed in interferon-treated cells, and the amount of virus-specific RNA was reduced by only 1.7-fold. The synthesis of gp71 glycoprotein as determined by radioimmunoassay and radioimmunoprecipitation with anti-AKR-gp71 serum was inhibited two- to five-fold, and both cellular and soluble gp71 were affected comparably. The synthesis of the viral protein (or glycoprotein) required for virus-induced XC cell fusion was not critically affected by interferon treatment. Neither the reduction in synthesis of viral RNA nor of gp71 glycoprotein was sufficient to explain the magnitude of inhibition of production of virus particles. These results confirm that interferon inhibits later steps of MuLV replication; the block occurs after transcription of viral mRNA and synthesis of virus-specific gs antigens and the major viral glycoprotein.