cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of diabetes and insulin on photoperiodic responses in Siberian hamsters

Abstract Short day pineal melatonin secretion patterns cause gonadal regression in Siberian hamsters, an effect due to alterations in gonadotropin secretion that ultimately affects the gonads. An analogous endocrine response sequence may underlie short day (melatoni)-induced decrease in body weight (fat) in this species. A potential mediating hormone for this effect of melatonin may be insulin. The purpose of the present experiments was to determine whether alterations in insulin status might affect the photoperiodic control of body weight (fat) and reproductive condition. Insulin was controlled by inducing experimental diabetes mellitus via injections of streptozotocin across several days, followed by treatment with one of two doses of long-lasting insulin. Both insulin doses normalized urinary glucose, but not body weight in long days. Seven weeks of short day exposure caused gonadal regression in all groups regardless of insulin status. The magnitude of the short day-induced decrease in body weight and carcass lipid was directly related to long day baseline body weights; however, the body weight nadir reached was similar among the groups. A ‘regulation’ of seasonally appropriate body weight (fat) is implied by these findings.
Use of the left renal vein as a practical conduit in superior mesenteric vein reconstruction.

Purpose Invasion of the superior mesenteric vein (SMV) or superior mesenteric-portal vein (SMPV) confluence, in pancreatic adenocarcinoma of the head and uncinate process, is the most common unexpected finding at the time of pancreaticoduodenectomy. Resection of the SMV or SMPV with reconstruction using autologous and synthetic conduits is well established. We describe the use of the left renal vein as a practical, easy, and durable alternative as an interposition graft after pancreaticoduodenectomy with en bloc segmental resection of the SMV. Methods and Results Involvement of the SMV by a pancreatic mass is resected en bloc with a standard pancreaticoduodenectomy. The left renal vein is then harvested from the junction with the IVC and proximal to the adrenal vein. This is then used as a vein graft for the resected portion of the SMV. Discussion Complete pancreatic cancer resection with grossly tumor-free margins provides the only chance for long-term cure. Isolated tumor involvement of the SMV or SMPV confluence is not associated with histopathological variables predictive of a poor prognosis and appears to be a function of tumor location rather than an indicator of biological aggressiveness. Recurrence and long-term survival following pancreaticoduodenectomy with and without vein resection are equivalent, provided grossly negative margins are achieved. We describe the use of the left renal vein as a technically feasible, easy, and durable conduit for SMV reconstruction in pancreaticoduodenectomy. After resection of the left renal vein, significant increase in postoperative serum creatinine has not been reported; collateral flow has been confirmed by radiological methods and severe renal dysfunction perioperatively, postoperatively, and during long-term follow-up has not been observed.
Survey: localization and operation for nonpalpable testes.

Testes that lie above the internal inguinal ring pose a special problem for the surgeon, both for their localization (or demonstration of absente) and for their management.1,2 Such a testis may be absent or smal1 and dysgenetic, and often is associated with abnormal adnexae. Current practice in the management of intraabdominal testes was assessed from published reports and from a questionnaire sent to a representative sample of pediatrie urologists in which their opinion was requested for management of a two-year-old boy with a nonpalpable testis.
Observations on the course of Coxsackie A-9 myocarditis in C3H mice.

SummaryCoxsackie A virus, type 9 (strain 13) inoculated into 54 8-month-old C3H mice resulted in acute sub-clinical myocarditis in 36% of the animals. The infected mice had significantly heavier hearts than controls. Thirteen inoculated mice followed to 106 days failed to reveal histopathologic changes in the myocardium.
Solidification of a pure metal at a vertical wall in the presence of liquid superheat

Abstract The role of natural convection during solidification of a pure metal at a vertical wall is studied experimentally and numerically. Experiments are performed in a rectangular test cell with two opposing sidewalls helt at constant but different temperatures, while the remaining walls are well insulated. Pure tin is used as the phase-change material. Temperature and solid-liquid interface position measurements made under carefully controlled conditions are employed to deduce the importance of natural convection in the liquid metal on the temperature distribution in the melt as well as on the shape and motion of the solid-liquid interface. The experimental data are compared with results of a numerical prediction.
Normal facial age and gender perception in developmental prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by a severe deficit in face-identity recognition. Most developmental prosopagnosics do not report deficits of facial age or gender perception. We developed tasks for evaluating facial age and gender processing and used them in the largest group of developmental prosopagnosics (N = 18) tested on facial age and gender perception. Care was taken to ensure that the tests were sufficiently sensitive to subtle deficits and required holistic processing as assessed by strong inversion effects in control subjects. Despite severe facial identity deficits, developmental prosopagnosics largely performed these discriminations comparably to controls. The common descriptor "faceblind" implied by the term prosopagnosia is inaccurate as certain kinds of nonidentity facial information, which we call physiognomic features, are processed well by both prosopagnosics and age-matched controls alike. Normal facial age and gender perception in developmental prosopagnosics is consistent with parallel processing models in the cognitive architecture of face processing.
Diabetes-Induced Chemogenic Hypoalgesia is Paralleled by Attenuated Stimulus-Induced Fos Expression in the Spinal Cord of Diabetic Mice

Abstract Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes induces abnormal nerve pathologies, resulting in diabetic neuropathy (DN). Sensory symptoms of DN can manifest as positive (painful), negative (insensate), or both. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic C57Bl/6 mice have reduced cutaneous innervation and display reduced behavioral responses to noxious stimuli, reflecting the insensate aspect of the human syndrome. Current studies were undertaken to determine whether the diabetes-induced deficits in pain responses are reflected by changes in spinal activation in this model of DN. Nocifensive responses of nondiabetic and diabetic mice to formalin injection were measured 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after STZ, and at each time point formalin-induced spinal Fos expression was quantified. Responses of diabetic mice were significantly reduced during the second phase of the formalin test beginning 3 weeks after STZ and during Phase 1 beginning 5 weeks after STZ. Consistent with the behavioral responses, the number of Fos-positive cells in the dorsal horn of diabetic animals was significantly reduced beginning 3 weeks after STZ and continuing 5 and 7 weeks after STZ. The deficits at 5 weeks after STZ were restored by 2-week treatments with insulin or neurotrophins. These results demonstrate that the reduced sensation occurring from progressive peripheral axon loss results in functional deficits in spinal cord activation. Perspective The reduced expression of the immediate early gene Fos as an indicator of pain transmission supports the diabetes-induced loss of sensation in this Type 1 model of diabetes. This murine model may be better suited to understanding the insensate symptoms of diabetic patients in the absence of chronic pain.
Adorno on the Radio Democratic Leadership as Democratic Pedagogy

This essay explores the political significance of two largely unexplored texts on American radio that Adorno originally composed in English after emigrating to the United States: Current of Music: ...
Analogue Computer Representations of Synchronous Generators in Voltage-Regulation Studies [includes discussion]

This paper develops a general block-diagram representation of the synchronous generator when applied to voltage-regulating system studies. This representation, which is suited particularly to analogue-type computation, includes saturation effects, variable-speed operation, variable-load power factor, and also the effects of saliency and damper circuits.
The Quest for Cultural Competence in Nursing Care

Conducting a culturally sensitive cultural assessment is a critical factor in rendering culturally relevant services to our growing ethnically diverse patient population. The author examines issues affecting the process of conducting culturally sensitive cultural assessments. A review of several cultural assessment tools is presented, along with suggestions for conducting effective cultural assessments.
Observing protest: media use and student involvement on 7 April 2010 in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Individuals in and around protests are generally classified as either participants or nonparticipants. However, observers witnessing protests can also play an important role in collective actions by sharing their experiences. This paper explores the characteristics of observers during the 7 April 2010 demonstrations in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan. Based on data collected via a survey of university students, I demonstrate that protest observers differed from nonparticipants on a range of variables. A key factor differentiating student observers from nonparticipants was their online activity prior to the protests. Logistic regressions show that students with higher rates of online activity were significantly and substantially more likely to be protest observers than nonparticipants. These findings provide empirical evidence for categorizing observation as a distinct level of protest involvement, shed light on the demonstration in Bishkek on 7 April 2010, and suggest that examining online activity can contribute to ...
Physical properties of quantum‐confined europium sulfide nanocrystals

We report the synthesis and the characterization of quantum-confined europium sulphide nanocrystals, which possess intriguing size-dependent optical and magnetic properties. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and SQUID magnetization measurements provide evidence for the quantum-confinement effects in this monochalcogenide nanomaterial. Photoluminescence measurements indicate a blue-shifted spectrum for the nanocrystals compared with bulk europium sulphide. (© 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Anion Recognitions via Cocrystallizations with Organic π-Acids in the Efficient Self-Assembly of Nanoscopic One-Dimensional Molecular Chains (Wires)

The self-assembly of various anions (e.g., thiocyanate, nitrite/nitrate, sulfite/sulfate, tetrahalometallates, etc.) with prototypical π-acids (consisting of cyano- and nitrosubstituted pyrazine and benzene, as well as tetracyanoethylene) occurs rapidly and selectively to yield a series of novel one-dimensional structures. The wire-like molecular chains all consist of parallel stacks of π-acids and alternate anions of different sizes and shapes that establish the dihedral angles α and φ sufficient to define these unique structures. Analogy of such linear arrays to nanoscopic wires is reinforced by the protective sheath of countercations that are completely arrayed around the linear cores. The critical feature of these efficient self-assemblies is shown to derive from anion/π-recognitions via charge-transfer forces between the electron-rich anions acting as electron donors and the electron-poor π-acids acting as electron acceptors to spontaneously generate synthons according to Mulliken theory.
Stress Effects on Hyaluronidase Activity

Rats maintained in a cold environment for 2 to 16 days showed decreased dermal hyaluronidase spreading activity, which was not accompanied by adrenal hypertrophy. Stress-free conditions for 24 hr. after cold caused a return toward prestress hyaluronidase spreading activity in rats treated with cold for 2, 4, and 8 days but not 16 days. Swimming for 1 hr. caused an increase in spreading activity in rats treated for 4, 8, and 16 days but a decrease at 2 days. These changes were followed by adrenal hypertrophy 24 hr. later. The results obtained with cold and cold followed by forced swimming are in agreement with those reported elsewhere with heat and heat followed by forced swimming, respectively.
Simultaneous Selective Disassembly and End-of-Life Decision Making for Multiple Products That Share Disassembly Operations

Environmental protection legislation, consumer interest in “green” products, a trend toward corporate responsibility and recognition of the potential profitability of salvaging operations, has resulted in increased interest in product take back. However, the cost effectiveness of product take-back operations is hampered by many factors, including the high cost of disassembly and a widely varying feedstock of dissimilar products. Two types of decisions must be made, how to carry out the disassembly process in the most efficient manner to “mine” the value-added that is still embedded in the product, and then how to best utilize that value-added once it is recovered. This paper presents a method for making those decisions. The concept of a transition matrix is integrated with mixed integer linear programming to determine the extent to which products should be disassembled and simultaneously determine the optimal end-of-life (EOL) strategy for each resultant component or subassembly. The main contribution of this paper is the simultaneous consideration of selective disassembly, multiple products, and the value added that remains in each component or subassembly. Shared disassembly operations and capacity limits are considered. An example using two cell phone products illustrates application of the model. The obtained results demonstrate the most economical level of disassembly for each cell phone and the best EOL options for each resultant module. In addition, the cell phone example shows that sharing disassembly operations between different products makes disassembly more cost effective compared with the case in which each product is disassembled separately.
The early phase of dark adaptation

Abstract 1. Immediately after a small bleach (6 per cent) the threshold is 50 times higher than expected of rhodopsin but soon returns to the rhodopsin level. This early dark adaptation curve is the same if the bleaching energy ( It ) is the same no matter if t is 0.5 sec or 0.5 min. 2. It appears that the threshold rise after bleaching is due to a powerful photoproduct “X-opsin” that rapidly decays and reaches equilibrium with free opsin. This could account for the early high threshold, its rapid fall unaccompanied by rhodopsin regeneration and the final equilibrium where the log threshold rise is proportional to the free opsin and hence to X-opsin in equilibrium with it.
The distribution of tracer substrate in an enzyme-substrate system at equilibrium

Abstract As an illustration of what can be inferred from measurements of the transients in tracer distribution in systems in which unlabeled substances are at equilibrium, a complete analysis is presented for the simplest enzymic system, E + S = X + P; X + R = E + Q. It is shown that, in principle, knowledge of the specific activities as functions of time enables the calculation of velocity constants, and that, to some extent, conditions can be set in such a way that the specific activities vary at convenient rates. Special attention is paid to the conditions underlying the “steady-state approximation” (Boyer) in tracer distribution.
Cross-linking of glycine receptor transmembrane segments two and three alters coupling of ligand binding with channel opening.

Contact points between transmembrane segments (TMs) two and three of the glycine receptor are undefined and may play an important role in channel gating. We tested whether two amino acids in TM2 (S267) and TM3 (A288), known to be critical for alcohol and volatile anesthetic action, could crosslink by mutating both to cysteines and expressing the receptors in Xenopus laevis oocytes. In contrast with the wild-type receptor and single cysteine mutants, the S267C/A288C double mutant displayed unusual responses, including a tonic leak activity that was closed by strychnine and a run-down of the response upon repeated applications of glycine. We hypothesized that these characteristics were due to crosslinking of the two cysteines on opposing faces of these adjacent, alpha helical TMs. This would alter the movement of these two regions required for normal gating. To test this hypothesis, we used dithiothreitol to reduce the putative S267C‐A288C disulfide bond. Reduction abolished the leak current and provided normal responses to glycine. Subsequent application of the cross-linking agent mercuric chloride caused the initial characteristics to return. These data demonstrate that S267 and A288 are near-neighbors and provide insight towards the location and role of the TM2‐TM3 interface in ligand-gated ion channels.
Effects of Thermal Expansion Mismatch Stresses on th Room‐Temperature Fracture of Boron Carbid

Calculation of apparent fracture energies (γa) using the applied failure stress and fractographically determined flaw sizes (C) in B4 C shows γa decreasing with C, once C < 100 μm. This is attributed to increasing contributions of microstructural stresses (σi) due to thermal expansion anisotropy ( 1 × 10−6°C−1). Extrapolation of this σi contribution to C∼G (the grain size) and calculation from maximum thermal expansion mismatch are in reasonable agreement. e.g., giving σ∼ 1000 MPa. Strength-mirror size data also show deviations at higher strengths-smaller mirror sizes consistent with both the occurrence and estimated level of such microstructural stress contributions to failure.
Epstein-Barr virus and human autoimmune diseases: possibilities and pitfalls.

Epidemiologic studies suggest that human autoimmune disease involves both genetic and environmental components. Although a great deal has been learned about genetic components (i.e. histocompatibility antigens), little is known about the environmental factors. Because of its ubiquitous nature and ability to stimulate lymphoid responses, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been examined as a potential candidate, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. No convincing evidence has been produced that it plays a primary etiologic role in these disorders. Nevertheless, EBV or a related herpesvirus may play an indirect role in perpetuating the disorder or in the development of extra-articular manifestations such as Sjogren's syndrome (an autoimmune disorder involving the salivary glands). Current data indicates increased EBV reactivation in some patients with autoimmune diseases, as evidenced by increased viral DNA in their saliva and increased number of circulating B-cells containing EBV in their blood. These patients also have modestly elevated anti-EBV antibody titers and altered antiviral T-cell responses, as measured by the ability to prevent outgrowth of autologous EBV infected B-cells. However, the relevance of these 'abnormalities' to pathogenesis remains unknown. It is hoped that new techniques such as polymerase chain reaction will provide new insights into these questions by allowing detection of viral DNA from tissue biopsies obtained early in the course of disease and by providing a method to identify viral isolates that do not grow well in vitro.
Noncompaction cardiomyopathy: case report and echocardiographic findings.

ONCOMPACTION CARDIOMYOPATHY (NCCMP) is a rare congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by multiple prominent trabeculations and recesses in the endo/myocardium of a noncompacted left ventricle. The clinical presentation can be very variable, ranging from an asymptomatic patient to one with symptoms of extreme congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and/or systemic thromboembolic events. Although the pathogenesis of NCCMP remains the subject of debate, the most likely cause is thought to be arrest during embryologic development of the endocardium and myocardium. 1 NCCMP has recently been the subject of numerous reports and reviews in the cardiology literature 2-6 but to date has received little attention from anesthesiologists. The authors report a case of NCCMP in a patient who presented with pre-eclampsia, review the echocardiographic findings, and discuss the implications for anesthesia and perioperative management.
Impacts of agriculture and urbanization on the climate of the Northeastern United States

Abstract The climate sensitivity to specification of agricultural and urban land cover was investigated using the climate version of the Pennsylvania State University/National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) for 1990 over northeastern United States. The simulations were for 5 yr at a spatial resolution of 36 km. Urbanization resulted in near-surface temperature increases of more than 1 K over the urban sites during both winter and summer. The increase in summer temperature due to urbanization was more widespread than that due to the effect of agricultural land use. The conversion of forest to agricultural land resulted in a decrease in temperature of more than 0.5 K during winter and an increase of more than 1 K during summer over the sites of perturbation. The reduced temperature during winter is related to snow cover. Agricultural lands are covered by snow while the trees in non-agricultural areas protrude through the snow, reducing the albedo of the surface. The warming during summer reflects reduced evaporation. Urbanization also reduces the diurnal temperature range (DTR) by about 0.4 K.
Characterization of optically compressing diode array for spectroscopic applications

Spectroscopic detection and classification techniques suffer from the collection of excessive data and utilize only a fraction of the information collected for classification. Compressed Sensing (CS) techniques have been utilized in optical, photonic, electronic and controls applications. This limits data collection to the essentials and reduces the hardware, software, and computational requirements. Applying CS to just the general computational system results in the collection of data which is ultimately discarded. The result is excessive power consumption, mass, physical sizes, and complexity. Compressive Sensing requires, at a minimum, a non-uniform encoding system with a non-linear decompression system for total reconstruction. Pseudorandom encoding is frequently preferred. Total reconstruction of a compressed signal has been shown to be very computational intensive and other optical-based techniques have been demonstrated to accelerate the result. Prior work has demonstrated that total reconstruction is not necessary for effective classification via PCA and other spectroscopic relevant techniques. Prior work revised the system design and modified the signal processing, both electronic and computational, to reduce system requirements. To propagate this savings back into the photonics and optical chain, it is necessary to further develop alternative techniques. In particular, a modification to the traditional LDA allows the contraction of primary optics. In this presentation an optical detector scheme is detailed. A number of configurations are considered with the most savings achieved by a spatial integrating version that allows the maintenance of optical and photonic SNR by collecting a number of photons greater than or equal to the traditional LDA. Since primary optical diameter is largely specified by the need to subtend an angle sufficient to overcome system noise, optical diameters can be reduced by up to an order of magnitude. This also mitigates optical diameter driven resolution at the detector plane. Some third order and higher issues exist and are addressed. Theoretical development with limited empirical support is to be presented.
Controlling Race Conditions in OpenFlow to Accelerate Application Verification and Packet Forwarding

OpenFlow is a Software Defined Networking (SDN) protocol that is being deployed in many network systems. SDN application verification takes an important role in guaranteeing the correctness of the application. Through our investigation, we discover that application verification can be very inefficient under the OpenFlow protocol since there are many race conditions between the data packets and control plane messages. Furthermore, these race conditions also increase the control plane workload and packet forwarding delay. We propose Attendre, an OpenFlow extension, to mitigate the ill effects of the race conditions in OpenFlow networks. We have implemented Attendre in NICE (a model checking verifier), Open vSwitch (a software virtual switch), and NOX (an OpenFlow controller). Experiments show that Attendre can reduce verification time by several orders of magnitude, and significantly reduce TCP connection setup time.
Reduction number one for finitely generated torsion-free modules

Let (R, m) be a two-dimensional regular local ring and let A be a finitely generated torsion-free R-module. If A is a complete module, then Dan Katz and Vijay Kodiyalam show A satisfies five conditions. They ask whether these five conditions are equivalent without assuming A to be complete. In a previous paper we determined all implications among these five conditions with one exception. In this paper, with an additional hypothesis on the units of R, we resolve the remaining case.
Tumor associated macrophages in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.

Abstract Background Growing evidence demonstrates that an increased number of CD68 positive tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) is associated with decreased survival in patients with newly diagnosed classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). However, the impact of TAM in relapsed and refractory disease is unknown. Design and methods To investigate whether the presence of elevated CD68 retains its prognostic significance in the relapsed and refractory setting, we analyzed pre-salvage biopsy specimens of 81 patients with relapsed and refractory HL using a tissue microarray. Scoring of CD68 was based on the percentage of CD68 positive TAM compared to the total number of cells in representative areas. The final percent of CD68 positivity for each case was based on the average of cores available for examination. Results In a univariate analysis, we found that patients with elevated levels of CD68 positive TAM had inferior overall survival (OS) compared with patients who had lower CD68 levels. For patients undergoing autologous stem cell transplant after salvage treatment, elevated CD68 levels were predictive of both adverse OS and event free survival. However, after adjusting for other variables, increased CD68 positive TAM did not retain prognostic significance in a multivariate model. Conclusions In our dataset of primary refractory and relapsed Hodgkin lymphoma biopsy specimens, TAM infiltration is unable to definitively predict outcome. In order to validate these findings, TAM infiltration of relapsed and refractory specimens should be assessed prospectively and paired to initial Hodgkin lymphoma biopsies at diagnosis.
INDUCIBLE NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE WITH TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA OF THE BLADDER

AbstractPurpose: Nitric oxide (NO) plays a critical role as both a cell signaling molecule and as a cytotoxic/cytostatic mediator. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) present in macrophages and neutrophils produces NO in response to immune stimulation. We evaluated NO production in both bladder tissue and urine from patients with transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.Materials and Methods: Inducible NOS (iNOS) RNA and protein were evaluated in bladder tissue from patients with and without TCC. Human iNOS-RNA products were identified with the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody directed against iNOS recognized immunoreactive iNOS protein. Using the same iNOS antibody, the distribution of iNOS was examined in formalin-fixed, paraffin embedded samples of various grades of TCC. NOS activity was measured in the urine particulate fraction from patients with TCC and from controls by the conversion of [(14) C]-L-arginine to [(14) C]-L-citr...
Ab Initio QM/MM Simulation with Proper Sampling: “First Principle” Calculations of the Free Energy of the Autodissociation of Water in Aqueous Solution

Quantum mechanical calculations of activation free energies of chemical reactions in condensed phases present a major challenge for computational chemistry. On one hand, it is important to use high-level ab initio methods to obtain reliable results. On the other hand, it is essential to perform sufficient configurational sampling to obtain meaningful free energies. Although the advance of quantum mechanical/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approaches has made this problem tractable, it still requires an enormous amount of computer time. The present work advances several strategies that allow one to perform practical ab initio QM/MM calculations of free energy profiles in solutions and proteins. The basic idea is the use of a simple reference potential for the ab initio calculations (e.g., Bentzien; et al. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 2293). One version of this approach evaluates the free energy of transfer from the reference potential to the ab initio potential by a single step free energy perturbation (FEP) ap...
Spatial Propagation of Information in Vehicular Networks

There has been increasing interest in building an information infrastructure for mobile vehicles in surface transportation systems that principally rely on vehicle-to-vehicle (v2v) communications. The various network architectures proposed for this purpose have unique characteristics that distinguish them from other systems. However, only a limited amount of work has been completed to understand the fundamental network properties of such systems. In this paper, we present analytical models to study the spatial propagation of information in a highly mobile v2v ad hoc network. We explore both one- and two-way vehicle traffic scenarios. These models can help better understand data dissemination in this environment. Our results show that information propagation depends on some vehicle traffic characteristics, e.g., vehicle density, average vehicle speed, and relative vehicle movement. These models lead to some interesting discoveries, e.g., a message can propagate in the opposite direction as the vehicle traffic flow and can propagate much faster than vehicle movement.
MAOSA: A new procedure for detection of differential gene expression

Abstract Gene expression data analysis provides scientists with a wealth of information about gene relationships, particularly the identification of significantly differentially expressed genes. However, there is no consensus on the analysis technique that will solve the inherent multiplicity problem (thousands of genes to be tested) and yield a reasonable and statistically justifiable number of differentially expressed genes. We propose the Multiplicity-Adjusted Order Statistics Analysis (MAOSA) to identify differentially expressed genes while adjusting for the multiple testing. The multiplicity problem will be eased by performing a Bonferroni correction on a small number of effects, since the majority of genes are not differentially expressed.
JUDGING WORK: WHAT LAW SEES OR DOES NOT SEE

This article examines four employment law decisions for evidence on the quality of judicial decision making and searching for insights into judicial failures and biases in adjudicating employment cases.
Advanced integrated general aviation primary flight display user interface design, development and assessment

This article describes the design, development and assessment of the user interface for a primary flight display (PFD)/horizontal situation indicator (HSI). Software interfaces were developed using various techniques including the goals, operators, methods, selection rules (GOMS) keystroke-level model. A human subject evaluation using a personal computer based simulation resulted in quantitative and qualitative results that indicate significant gains over a recent prototype. Improvements to the user interface were made in several areas including task execution time, accuracy and a subjective comparison of ease of use. The application of the GOMS keystroke-level model to primary flight display user interface design was validated through the human subject evaluation. Project outcomes support the Avidyne product development goal of fielding the first 'highway-in-the-sky' (HITS) flight display for general aviation applications.
IE analysis of multilayered doubly periodic array of 3‐D general objects using equivalence principle and connection scheme

[1] An integral equation (IE) approach in the spatial domain is developed to analyze the electromagnetic (EM) scattering from the multilayered doubly periodic array of three-dimensional (3-D) general objects. This approach applies the equivalence principle to the interior problem of each layer. Then, the tangential continuity condition is applied to build up the connection between layers. The application of the equivalence principle and connection scheme (EPACS) allows us to avoid of the use of multilayered double periodic Green's functions. For 2N identical layers, the elimination of the unknowns between top and bottom surfaces can be accelerated using the logarithm algorithm. In addition, this approach is extended to handle the semi-infinitely layered array in which a unit consisting of several layers is repeated infinitely in one direction. The main contribution of this paper is to extend previous work on the EPACS to handle the 3-D perfect electric conductor or dielectric objects with arbitrary shapes. Numerical results are provided to validate the present approach.
Moderate versus high-titer persistently anticardiolipin antibody positive patients: Are they clinically different and does high-titer anti-Β2-glycoprotein-I antibody positivity offer additional predictive information?

The association between antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and clinical events is stronger with a positive lupus anticoagulant (LA) test, higher anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) titers, and/or higher anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein-I antibody (abeta( 2)GPI) titers. The objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics of persistently high-titer (> or =80 U) aCL-positive patients compared with those with persistent moderate aCL titers (40-79 U). Second, we analyzed whether high-titer abeta(2)GPI test adds predictive information in persistently moderate-to-high titer aCL-positive patients. In this cross-sectional study, the primary analysis compared the clinical and aPL characteristics of 58 patients with at least two moderate-titer aCL results to another 85 patients with at least two high-titer aCL results. In the secondary analysis of patients with at least two abeta(2)GPI test results, we compared 29 patients with 'aCL 40-79 U and abeta( 2)GPI or = 80 U', and also compared 27 patients with 'aCL > 80 U and abeta(2)GPI 80 U and abeta(2)GPI > or = 80 U'. Although aPL-related vascular and pregnancy events were similar between the moderate- and high-titer aCL groups, the number of patients with positive LA tests (RR 2.06, CI 1.38-3.08, p < 0.01) and with at least one non-criteria aPL manifestation (RR 1.66, CI 1.20-2.30, p = 0.0005) were significantly higher in the high-titer aCL group. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) white matter changes were statistically more common in the high-titer aCL group (RR 2.03, CI 1.04-3.94, p = 0.02), there was a trend towards increased prevalence of livedo reticularis, cardiac valve disease, and cognitive dysfunction occurring in the high-titer aCL group. The secondary analysis showed that MRI white matter changes, cardiac valve disease, and cognitive dysfunction were proportionally more common in the high-titer abeta( 2)GPI groups, suggesting a linear relationship between non-criteria aPL manifestations and aPL titers. Our results suggest that patients with high aCL titers, compared with those with moderate titers, are more likely to have a positive LA test and a higher prevalence of non-criteria aPL manifestations. Furthermore, high-titer abeta(2)GPI positivity may further increase the prevalence of non-criteria aPL manifestations in moderate- or high-titer aCL-positive patients.
Demonstration of Display Sharing over Multi-Gbps Wireless Video and Audio Network

This demo presentation shows the usefulness of a multi-Gbps wireless video and audio network for video streaming in conference room applications. In this demo, two notebooks share one display (e.g., Projector) using wireless uncompressed video links. The video quality, switching delay, and how easy to swap the video stream sources (notebooks) will be key features in the application like this.
Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Efficacy and Safety of Glycine Powder Air Polishing in Moderate-to-Deep Periodontal Pockets

Background: Supragingivally applied glycine powder air polishing (SupraGPAP) has been shown to remove biofilms in shallow periodontal pockets. This study assesses efficacy and safety of subgingivally applied glycine powder air polishing (SubGPAP) in moderate-to-deep periodontal pockets.Methods: Patients with chronic periodontitis and intraoral Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythia who completed initial therapy were randomly assigned to receive SubGPAP in periodontal pockets with probing depths of 4 to 9 mm, SupraGPAP in all other shallow periodontal sites, and at mucous membranes followed by removal of calculus using curets (full-mouth GPAP) or scaling and root planing followed by coronal polishing (SRP). Patients rinsed with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate after debridement, and twice daily, for 2 weeks.Results: All 30 patients enrolled completed the baseline, day 10, and day 90 visits. SubGPAP resulted in significantly lower total viable bacterial counts in moderate-to-deep poc...
Development of significant disordered eating in an adolescent following gastric bypass surgery

The development of eating pathology is a concern following bariatric surgery, even in the absence of any pre-surgical psychopathology. No consistent risk factors have emerged in the literature to identify those at greatest risk. However, post-surgical guidelines encourage eating behaviors that would be considered disordered in other contexts. We present a case of an adolescent developing bulimia nervosa following gastric bypass surgery and the escalation of her symptoms from diligently following recommended food behaviors to a full-syndrome clinical eating disorder. We discuss the differences between appropriate post-surgical eating behaviors and disordered eating behaviors. We provide recommendations for clinicians to screen for eating pathology and referrals to an interprofessional treatment team to address eating disordered behaviors and cognitions.
Brain Tumor Susceptibility: the Role of Genetic Factors and Uses of Mouse Models to Unravel Risk

Brain tumors are relatively rare but deadly cancers, and present challenges in the determination of risk factors in the population. These tumors are inherently difficult to cure because of their protected location in the brain, with surgery, radiation and chemotherapy options carrying potentially lasting morbidity for patients and incomplete cure of the tumor. The development of methods to prevent or detect brain tumors at an early stage is extremely important to reduce damage to the brain from the tumor and the therapy. Developing effective prevention or early detection methods requires a deep understanding of the risk factors for brain tumors. This review explores the difficulties in assessing risk factors in rare diseases such as brain tumors, and discusses how mouse models of cancer can aid in a better understanding of genetic risk factors for brain tumors.
Thermal noise limits in nanoscale electronics

An analysis of thermal noise predicts the number of bit errors per year caused by noise in nanoscale electronic memories and processors will be excessive. Noise it seems has already imposed a fundamental limit on the speed of microprocessors. No significant advance in microprocessor speeds is anticipated due not only to power limitations but also noise limits.
An Analysis of Future Delinquency for Hotel CMBS Loans

The hotel industry seems to be recovering from its recent abyss, but the financial damage to many properties from many months of decline will continue for some time. In particular, the hotel industry faces the prospect of heavily leveraged properties submerged by delinquencies and defaults. An analysis of debt coverage ratios for 365 hotel properties with commercial mortgage-backed security loans shows considerable deterioration from 2008 to a nadir in 2010. Starting in 2011, net operating income and debt coverage ratios should gradually improve, with noticeable improvement in 2012.
Alteration of micromilled carbonate δ18O during Kiel Device analysis.

Isotopic analysis of carbonate material has been greatly facilitated by the development of autosampling devices such as the Kiel III Carbonate Device, allowing rapid automated analysis of small sample sizes. This analysis is facilitated by holding samples and acid at temperatures around 70 °C prior to reaction. In most situations this has no measurable effect on sample powders on practical timeframes, but, when analyzing exceptionally fine-grained material produced by micromilling, the δ18O of both aragonite and calcite is altered by −0.1‰/day. Laboratories that use this technique should thoroughly test and correct for this phenomenon and avoid storing pre-weighed materials within the Kiel Device or similar drying oven prior to analysis. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Push, Pull, or Both? A Behavioral Study of How the Allocation of Inventory Risk Affects Channel Efficiency

In this paper we experimentally investigate how the allocation of inventory risk in a two-stage supply chain affects channel efficiency and profit distribution. We first evaluate two common wholesale price contracts that differ in which party incurs the risk associated with unsold inventory: a push contract in which the retailer incurs the risk and a pull contract in which the supplier incurs the risk. Our experimental results show that a pull contract achieves higher channel efficiency than that of a push contract, and that behavior systematically deviates from the standard theory in three ways: 1 stocking quantities are set too low, 2 wholesale prices are more favorable to the party stocking the inventory, and 3 some contracts are erroneously accepted or rejected. To account for these systematic regularities, we extend the existing theory and structurally estimate a number of behavioral models. The estimates suggest that a combination of loss aversion with errors organizes our data remarkably well. We apply our behavioral model to the advance purchase discount APD contract, which combines features of push and pull by allowing both parties to share the inventory risk, in a separate experiment as an out-of-sample test, and we find that it accurately predicts channel efficiency and qualitatively matches decisions. Two practical implications of our work are that 1 the push contract performs close to standard theoretical benchmarks, which implies that it is robust to behavioral biases, and 2 the APD contract weakly Pareto dominates the push contract; retailers are better off and suppliers are no worse off under the APD contract. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2014.1940 . This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Graphical techniques for analyzing failure data with the percentile residual-life function

Graphical data-analysis techniques for studying the empirical behavior of the hazard (failure) rate, based on a relationship between the maximum and minimum of the alpha -percentile residual life function to the minimum and maximum, respectively, of the hazard rate, are presented. Knowledge of these critical points is useful in controlling the system percentile life through burn-in. The graphical techniques are illustrated with a previously published data-set consisting of the empirical hazard rate of aircraft-engine components. >
Using fuzzy sets to diagnose coronary artery stenosis

The use of fuzzy sets to represent perfusion defects and to generate expert results to help in diagnosis is reported. Retrospective data collected from 91 patients who underwent both stress thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy and coronary arteriography were used. Of the total, 64 scans were chosen at random for training, and the remaining 27 scans were used for testing data. It was found that 17 rules generated by fuzzy set theory performed as well as 68 rules specified by cardiologists in diagnosing coronary artery stenosis. >
Computer Simulated Studies of Tomographic Reconstruction with an Electronically Collimated Camera for SPECT

Three-dimensional reconstruction studies were performed using simulated data from an electronically collimated camera for single photon emitters. An adaptation of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) was used to reconstruct a spherical phantom using pin-hole images from multiple angular views. Configurations corresponding to several geometrical arrangements of the first detector of the electronically collimated system were compared, and it was concluded that the configuration where at least two planes of the first detector were arranged in an orthogonal geometry was needed to produce uniform resolution.
Soil moisture at watershed scale: Remote sensing techniques

Summary Soil moisture at high spatial resolution is required for various land processes related studies. However, currently the resolution of passive microwave retrieved soil moisture is low – around 25 km. To solve this problem, a soil moisture disaggregation algorithm based on thermal inertia relationship between daily temperature change and average soil moisture modulated by vegetation conditions has been formulated. This algorithm was applied to the AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System) as well as SMOS (Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity satellite) to produce the 1 km downscaled soil moisture over the Little Washita Watershed in Oklahoma for the growing season in 2010 and 2011.The disaggregated soil moisture has been compared to in situ observations. The results of this approach are very encouraging.
Effective properties of elastic materials that contain penny shaped voids

Abstract It is known that the distribution of the orientation of voids can be represented by a sequence of even rank irreducible (damage) tensors. This result and the decomposition of the tensor of elastic moduli into its irreducible components and the theorem of minimum complementary energy enable us to obtain a good estimate for the effective compliance of an isotropic elastic matrix that contains a dilute distribution of penny shaped voids. We show that the (approximate) effective moduli depend only on two damage tensors V ij and V ijk l and on five scalar coefficients to be obtained from the solution a “simple” stress boundary value problem of elasticity.