cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of disorders of emotional comprehension, expression, and emotional semantics

Neurological disease can impair emotional communication by several means: damaging the networks important in understanding the meaning of emotional stimuli (emotional semantics); damaging networks important in the perceptual recognition and production of emotional stimuli, and damaging the connections between networks supporting emotional semantics and recognition/production networks. Disorders of emotional expression, comprehension, and emotional semantics may improve with pharmacological or behavioral treatments. Pharmacological treatments can be used to redress naturally occurring or disease-related alterations in the computational properties of target neural systems. No drug treatment can replace a loss of cerebral knowledge related to the pathological loss of neural connectivity. Behavioral treatments that benefit either comprehension or expression of specific emotions may be of value if these emotions are particularly important in enabling human social interaction. However, behavioral treatments that achieve generalization, that is, improve performance with untrained exemplars and in daily life, are much to be preferred, even as they pose the greatest methodological challenges. This chapter will discuss possible mechanisms of generalization and then review what is known about the treatment of expressive and receptive affective aprosodia, deficits in recognition of facial emotions, and pseudobulbar affect. The final section of the chapter is devoted to a discussion of three disorders of emotional semantics, apathy, alexithymia, and impaired empathy.
Model Rate Equation Evaluation of an Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

Apoptosis is one of the most complex signaling pathways, and can be triggered by a number of factors, radiation, chemotherapeutic drugs, electric field application, etc. The apoptotic pathways can generally be divided into signaling via the death receptors (extrinsic pathway) or the mitochondria effects (intrinsic pathway), and each pathway implies caspases as effector molecules. The role and extent of electric field modifications to the apoptotic pathways remains unclear. Here in this chapter, we attempt to qualitatively probe some of the issues pertaining to apoptotic cell death based on simple model simulations. The objectives of the present discussions are: (i) to determine if a pulse-number threshold might suitably apply to cell killing by nano-second, high-intensity pulses, and (ii) to assess whether the intrinsic or the extrinsic pathway is more dominant following electric pulsing.
Investigating Wintertime GPM-IMERG Precipitation in the North Atlantic

This work of L. Boisvert, M. Grecu and C.-L. Shie was funded under the NASA ROSES Precipitation Measurements Mission (PMM) Science Team proposal “Using GPM in an Optimal Estimation Lagrangian Framework (OELaF) to quantify moisture transport in Arctic Cyclones”. We dedicate this manuscript and work to the memory of Dr. Gail Skrofronick-Jackson who was the program manager for the Precipita-tion Measurement Mission and our colleague
Update on management of craniopharyngiomas

Craniopharyngiomas are locally-aggressive tumors arising along the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. Treatment is nuanced as a result of their proximity and adherence to vital neurovascular structures and responsiveness to surgery, radiation and, in some cases, chemotherapy. We reviewed the literature discussing the current state of knowledge regarding craniopharyngioma biology and therapy. Recent advances in endoscopic endonasal surgery (EEA) have made surgery a safer and more effective option. While cure may be achieved with gross total resection (GTR), when felt to be too risky, a subtotal resection followed by radiation is often a more prudent strategy, particularly in children with hypothalamic invasion. Data on long-term outcome are mostly derived from older studies in which a craniotomy, rather than EEA, was performed. Long-term EEA outcome studies are lacking. Enhanced knowledge of the biological basis of papillary CPs has led to novel medical treatments for BRAFv600E variants that appear to be effective. Endoscopic technology has improved surgical results for craniopharyngiomas and expanded the indications for the transsphenoidal approach. The goal of CP surgery goal is maximal safe resection to achieve cure, but subtotal resection and radiation may be equally effective. Early diagnosis of specific variants will facilitate enrollment in promising medical trials.
Tricritical Points and Light Scattering in He3-He4 Mixtures

The critical behavior of the thermodynamic quantities near tricritical points is determined in three dimensions. It is shown that the mean field theory is modified by logarithmic corrections and these logarithmic corrections are determined for the free energy, osmotic coefficient, coexistence line, order parameter, surface tension and coherence length. Recent light scattering data near the tricritical point in He3-He4 mixtures is discussed.
Parallel model checking using abstraction

Many model checking techniques are based on enumerative graph search, a procedure that is known to be prohibitively time and memory consuming. Modern multi-core processors rely on parallelism instead of raw clock speed to provide increased performance, so it is necessary to leverage this parallelism to achieve better performance in model checking. In this work, we compare hash-distributed search, a well-known parallel search technique for model checking, with an algorithm from the automated planning and heuristic search community called Parallel Structured Duplicate Detection (PSDD). We show that PSDD has two major advantages over hash-distributed search for multi-core model checking. First, PSDD is able to perform full partial-order reduction where hash-distributed search must be conservative and subsequently miss reduction opportunities in many cases, causing it to search a much larger space. Second, PSDD performs duplicate detection on states immediately, avoiding the need to store duplicate states for inter-thread communication. We have implemented and compared both techniques in the Spin model checker; our results show that PSDD uses significantly less memory than hash-distributed search, can be faster and give better parallel speedup than both hash-distributed search and Spin's built-in parallel depth-first search. Finally, we show how PSDD can use external memory, such as disk storage, to greatly reduce its internal memory requirements.
Management of the febrile infant.

In the past 15 years, there has been a geometric increase in the number of studies and commentaries that have focused on the management of the febrile infant. This fact is nicely highlighted by the 48 references in Lieu and coworkers9 article in this issue of Pediatrics. Only 5 of the articles appeared prior to 1976, and several of those report on hospitalized infants in nurseries and not those seen in an outpatient setting. Forty of the references were published in the past 10 years and 15 since 1990. Of interest, two of the largest studies, both of which examined the issues of the efficacy of clinical judgment and screening laboratory tests and challenged, through careful study protocols, the traditional "admit for intravenous antibiotics" dictum which has been applied to most infants with fever, are now completed and recently published1 or being prepared for publication.2
Normative and Descriptive Aspects of Management Education: Differentiation and Integration

This study advocates strongly for clear differentiation and synthesis of descriptive and normative approaches in management education. There is a certain isolation of normative and descriptive theoretical frameworks presented in management courses. Normative frameworks in management explain how organizations should be managed, while descriptive frameworks show how they actually are managed. Significant portions of what we teach in the business curriculum are predominantly descriptive; other parts are mostly normative, or prescriptive. If these domains are not sufficiently connected, the relevance of both approaches diminishes. When one piece of material explains only the current reality without providing tools to improve it, while another piece prescribes steps for improvement that are not grounded in a particular context, students lose interest in both. The paper presents various modes of differentiation and integration between two realms and pertinent ways to recalibrate management courses.
Nucleotide sequence of the genome of a murine sarcoma virus

Abstract The complete nucleotide sequence of a molecularly cloned, biologically infectious mouse sarcoma viral DNA has been determined. It is 5,833 nucleotides in length. It contains two long terminal repeats, the coding capacity for the entire gag gene, portions of the pol gene and the entire transforming gene. Synthesis of the 538 amino acid-long gag gene-encoded polyprotein Pr62 gag initiates 596 nucleotides downstream from the 5′-cap nucleotide. The cleavage of gag polyprotein to mature core proteins, NH 2 -p15-p12-p30-p10-COOH, does not involve the loss of any amino acids. The complete nucleotide sequence of the cellular homolog (c- mos Mo ) of viral transforming gene v- mos Mo has been determined. There are 25 single-base changes in an uninterrupted sequence of 1,157 nucleotides. Of these, 21 changes are in the coding region and they alter only 11 amino acids with respect to v- mos Mo gene product. The homologous and nonhomologous regions between mouse sarcoma viral DNA and its progenitor, murine leukemia viral DNA, have been identified. Most deletions appear to have occurred by homologous recombination. A sequence GACC or its inverse GGTC is present in the vicinity of all substitutions and deletions. The codon usage of the gag gene is quite different from that of the c- mos Mo gene.
Automatic Discovery of Service Name Replacements Using Ledger Data

Recent studies have illustrated historical financial data could be used to predict future revenues and profits. Prediction models would be accurate when long-run data that traces back for multiple years is available. However, changes in service structures often result in alteration of the nomenclatures of the services, making the streams of financial transactions associated with affected services discontinue. Manually inquiring the history of changes can be tedious and unsuccessful especially in large companies. In this paper, we propose a machine learning based algorithm for automatically discovering service name replacements. The proposed methodology draws heterogeneous features from financial data available in most ledger databases, and hence is generalizable. Our proposed methodology is shown to be effective on ground-truth synthesized data generated from real-world IBM service delivery ledger database.
Anticancer Conjugates and Cocktails Based on Methotrexate and Nucleoside Synergism

Conjugates of methotrexate (MTX) and the nucleoside analogs 3-azidodeoxythymidine (AZT), iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) and dideoxycytidine (ddC) linked using poly(ethyleneglycol) are presented. In vitro cytotoxicity assays of the conjugates against drug resistant ovarian cell line A2780/AD are preformed and comparisons made to such assays performed for unconjugated (cocktail) systems. All systems tested were inactive, or had low activity, at 24 h. After 72 hr incubation however, the cocktails of MTX and AZT, IUdR or ddC showed high cytotoxicity in the low nanomolar range. The conjugates were only very moderately active with IC50 values in the [0.1 to 1.0 mM] range. Conjugation of the antifolate to the nucleoside analogs has it seems reduced the activity significantly when compared to a cocktail of the components, indicating a conjugate approach is unlikely to translate into success in vivo. The positive note comes from the observation that by combining two of the new conjugates, namely those based on MTX with IUdR or AZT, an IC50 at 24 hours of ∼ [180 μM] was produced.
A Case Study on Asprox Infection Dynamics

The Asprox infection weaves a complex chain of dependencies involving bots that perform SQL injections on vulnerable web servers, and visitors whose machines get compromised simply by visiting infected websites. Using real-world data sets, we study Asprox bots, infected web servers, and the malicious infrastructure behind Asprox propagation. We find that the malware-propagation infrastructure in Asprox is aggressively provisioned to resist take-down efforts. This, combined with the easy availability of vulnerable user machines and web servers whose administrators are probably constrained in time and resources necessary to fix the problem, indicates that cleaning up Asprox infections is not going to be easy.
Autonomy, Culture and Nationality: The Failure of Liberal Nationalism

Liberal nationalists argue that the principle of national self-determination is consistent with the exercise of personal autonomy, central to liberal thought. Their argument hinges on the claim that culture, and national culture in particular, is necessary for the exercise of personal autonomy. In this paper I argue that the liberal project is unsuccessful because they cannot provide a reason to prefer national cultures over other cultural affiliations. I focus on Will Kymlicka's argument that national self-determination is consistent with individual autonomy and rejects both of its main claims: first, that individual autonomy requires a societal cultures as context of choice; second, that societal cultures are typically national groups and vice versa. Cultural membership is important for individuals as it contributes to their identity and provides context for their choices, yet autonomy does not require a single comprehensive context. Individuals can be, and typically are, members of different cultural groups which provide contexts for different choices as well as distinct forms of meaningful identification. Furthermore, I challenge Kymlicka's equation of national groups with societal cultures: some national groups are not, though they typically aspire to be, comprehensive cultures; many comprehensive cultures are not, and never want to be, national groups. Though I reject liberal nationalism, I accept its analysis of liberalism’s shortcomings. The failure of liberal nationalism urges liberal theorists to provide a theory of demarcation for liberal societies as well as give liberal answers to the questions of membership and immigration. Moreover, liberal theories need an account of a civic culture which expresses local values but respects liberal constraints on state sponsored dissemination of culture. Only then can the liberal society be truly multicultural.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cv. Centennial'

Efficient callus formation was achieved from cotyledon, stem, and leaf expiants of the domestic safflower cultivar ‘Centennial’ on MS salts medium containing 1 mg/L BAP and 1 mg/L NAA. Shoot buds were regenerated from 26% of leaf-derived calli on callus induction medium, although attempts to root regenerated shoots were not successful. ‘Centennial’ expiants inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens containing NPT II and GUS genes produced kanamycin-resistant calli from which buds were regenerated. Transformation and stable integration of transgenes was confirmed by GUS assay and DNA hybridization in kanamycin-resistant calli, and GUS assay in regenerated shoots.
Electron-phonon coupling and d-wave superconductivity in the cuprates.

We derive an effective single-band Hubbard-type Hamiltonian for CuO[sub 2] planes in the cuprate high-[ital T][sub [ital c]] superconductors. The Hamiltonian includes both electron-electron repulsion and electron-phonon coupling to oxygen vibrational modes. The effective Hamiltonian is derived by mapping from the multiband constrained-density-functional-theory Hamiltonian to a one-band model. A Hartree-Fock mapping leads to [ital t]=0.66 eV, [ital t][prime]=[minus]0.14 eV, and [ital U]=4.0 eV. Very similar parameters are obtained by exact diagonalization of finite clusters. The electron-phonon coupling to oxygen breathing modes gives [lambda]=0.57 for [ital s]-wave and [lambda]=0.35 for [ital d][sub [ital x]][sup 2][minus][ital y][sup 2] pairing. [ital d]-wave superconductivity is predicted to occur at 30 K for doped La[sub 2]CuO[sub 4], while the strong Coulomb repulsion suppresses the [ital s]-wave [ital T][sub [ital c]] to 10 K.
The correlational validity of IQ as a function of ethnicity and desegregation

Abstract IQ tests were viewed solely as predictors in this investigation. It was printed out that there is little or no data to support the prevalent assumptions that IQ tests predict school performance equally well for different ethnic groups and/or in a desegregated school setting. Moreover, test users and publishers often mistakenly imply or assume that the correlational validity for a total ethnically heterogeneous population applies in equal magnitude to the respective ethnic subgroups of that population. An investigation to provide evidence relevant to these assumptions was conducted using all the pupils in grade K-3 in Berkeley, California—the first large district to voluntarily desegregate its schools completely. The results revealed equal but very low within-ethnic-group correlations between IQ and achievement measures administered concurrently prior to desegregation and for tests administered one and two years following desegregation. The correlations between IQ and the criteria for the ethnic groups were, as expected, significantly lower than the total population correlation. The practical implications of these findings of generally poor predictability were discussed.
Experimental demonstration of impulse-equivalent time-domain optical memory

We demonstrate the impulse-equivalent approach [Opt. Lett. 21, 833 (1996)] to time-domain storage of optical data. Using the 128-bit real Huffman–Ackroyd code as the write–read sequences, we have successfully stored a 42-μs-long stream containing 420 bits of data in a 40-MHz spectral channel in a Eu3+:Y2SiO5 crystal. The stored data were repeatedly recalled as many as eight times with high signal fidelity, showing no measurable sidelobe-induced noise. Data retrieval with the use of mismatched write–read pulses was also examined, and implications of the results for data encryption are discussed.
Visual discrimination learning and memory in nocturnal prosimians

The ability of two nocturnal prosimians—greater galago and slow loris—to learn and to remember two-dimensional black-white pattern discriminations was investigated. There was no significant species difference. Both were found to be: sensitive to the number of visual cues available, able to benefit from repeated exposure to similar problems, capable of retaining previously learned material over a long period of time. Although they are individually quite variable in performance, these primitive primates are by no means untrainable on visual discrimination problems, as previous reports have suggested.
A circulant formulation of the Napoleon-Douglas-Neumann theorem

Abstract This paper places the Napoleon-Douglas-Neumann theorem within the theory of circulant matrices. The “symmetrical components” introduced by Neumann are similarly treated.
Dendritic Filopodia, Ripped Pocket, NOMPC, and NMDARs Contribute to the Sense of Touch in Drosophila Larvae

Summary Background Among the Aristotelian senses, the subcellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the sense of touch are the most poorly understood. Results We demonstrate that specialized sensory neurons, the class II and class III multidendritic (md) neurons, are gentle touch sensors of Drosophila larvae. Genetic silencing of these cells significantly impairs gentle touch responses, optogenetic activation of these cells triggers behavioral touch-like responses, and optical recordings from these neurons show that they respond to force. The class III neurons possess highly dynamic dendritic protrusions rich in F-actin. Genetic manipulations that alter actin dynamics indicate that the actin-rich protrusions (termed sensory filopodia) on the class III neurons are required for behavioral sensitivity to gentle touch. Through a genome-wide RNAi screen of ion channels, we identified Ripped Pocket ( rpk ), No Mechanoreceptor Potential C ( nompC ), and NMDA Receptors 1 and 2 ( Nmdars ) as playing critical roles in both behavioral responses to touch and in the formation of the actin-rich sensory filopodia. Consistent with this requirement, reporters for rpk and nompC show expression in the class III neurons. A genetic null allele of rpk confirms its critical role in touch responses. Conclusions Output from class II and class III md neurons of the Drosophila larvae is necessary and sufficient for eliciting behavioral touch responses. These cells show physiological responses to force. Ion channels in several force-sensing gene families are required for behavioral sensitivity to touch and for the formation of the actin-rich sensory filopodia.
Creating Cohesive Multi-domain Simulation for Communications Networks

Multi-domain prototyping is promising yet complex for designing communications networks and networked systems. Multi-domain simulation requires creating multiple simulation models or virtual prototypes of the systems from varying viewpoints. The paper focuses on creating cohesive models from multiple disjoint models. The paper discusses specific support requirements for cohesive model building as they pertain to the advanced communications system design. The paper then proposes a multi-domain prototyping method based on the view integration theory of data engineering. The paper demonstrates two implementation approaches of the proposed method. A case study based on TINA (telecommunications information networking architecture) is used to compare the proposed approaches with the current approach
Occlusal considerations for the partial mandibulectomy patient

The occlusal scheme fabricated for a patient with a mandibular defect varies extensively from patient to patient, with some limitations in occlusal efficiency. Some patients may expect little or no occlusal efficiency if the defect is large and if the associated mandibular deviation and the lack of muscle control and excessive. If the continuity of the mandible can be restored by secondary surgical management (Fig. 10, A), most of the problems of the discontinuity defect can be resolved. Whether the teeth in the region of the defect are replaced or not may be dependent on other factors, but the mandible can be treated as a stable entity within itself, and the prosthodontic approach can be similar to that discussed for the continuity defect (Fig. 10, B). The mandibulectomy patient is difficult to manage because the prosthodontist is limited in his ability to provide a reasonable and practical occlusal scheme. However, these patients need the definitive clinical and psychological support of the prosthodontist. Most patients recognize the limitations of their rehabilitation and are appreciative of the prosthodontic therapy that enhances their rehabilitative progress.
First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Oidium araliacearum on Ivy in California

Powdery mildew was observed on English ivy (Hedera helix L.) in Berkeley, CA, in the spring of 1997. Fungal growth was ectophytic and amphigenous on leaves and petioles and caused slight reddening and buckling of leaves. The mycelium was white, effuse to dense, and had hyphal diameters of 3.5 to 6.9 μm. Appressoria were nipple-shaped to lobed, and sometimes were opposite. The foot cells of the conidiophores were cylindric, sometimes slightly flexuous, and were 18.5 to 30.0 × 6.9 to 9.2 μm in diameter. The foot cells were followed by 1 or 2 cells. When only one cell followed the foot cell, this cell was longer and slightly wider than the foot cell and measured 20.8 to 46.2 × 6.9 to 9.2 μm. When two cells followed the foot cell, these cells were of similar length to the foot cell, with the second cell usually shorter. Conidia were formed singly, were cylindric to slightly doliiform, and measured 32.0 to 44.0 × 11.5 to 19.0 μm. Fibrosin bodies were not observed. Conidia germinated at the ends and germ tubes terminated in lobed appressoria, placing this fungus in the Polygoni-type germination category (2). Cleistothecia were not observed. Based on these characters, the fungus was identified as Oidium araliacearum U. Braun & E. Oehrens B. A specimen was deposited with the University of California at Berkeley herbarium (accession number UC1713247). Pathogenicity was confirmed by gently pressing infected leaves onto leaves of various stages of maturity on ivy vines (3 to 4 vines per plant; 4 plants). Inoculated plants were kept in a moist chamber for 48 h, and then maintained in a greenhouse. Powdery mildew developed on inoculated plants, primarily on leaves of intermediate maturity, after 14 days, while uninoculated plants did not develop disease. Phyllactinia guttata is the only other powdery mildew recorded on English ivy (2). O. araliacearum differs from P. guttata in conidial shape (cylindric vs clavate), germination habit (end vs side of conidia), and asexual genus (Oidium vs Ovulariopsis) (2). Previous to this report, O. araliacearum was described only on Pseudopanax valdiviensis, another Araliaceae plant, in Chile (1). This is the first report of a powdery mildew disease of ivy in California, and the first report of Hedera helix as a host of O. araliacearum. References: (1) U. Braun. Mycotaxon 25:259, 1986. (2) U. Braun. Nova Hedwigia 89:1, 1987.
Effects of chemotherapy on the central nervous system—A study of parenteral methotrexate in long‐term survivors of leukemia and lymphoma in childhood

Twenty-three children surviving more than 5 years from the diagnosis of leukemia, lymphoma, or malignant histiocytosis were evaluated for clinical evidence of central nervous system disease. Severe impairment, consisting of seizures, paraplegia, and dementia was present in 4, all of whom received methotrexate (MTX) and other agents for 2 to 7 years. Brain biopsies in 3 of these children showed white-matter gliosis and no evidence of viral or other infections or leukemic infiltrates. Of the remaining children 10/19 were found to have mild clinical or EEG abnormalities. All had received i.v. MTX with other drugs for 2-6 years; 5 did not receive cranial irradiation. Common to all impaired patients was the administration of intravenous methotrexate in relatively high doses over a prolonged period of time. Impairment in nervous system function may present as a spectrum of deficiencies, with the most severe resulting in death, or as in the 4 patients described here, profound dementia and dependence. Less dramatic changes in functioning, may, however, result from various combinations of chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Methods of assessing their etiology and impact on survivors need now to be devised.
Tradeoffs between respiration and feeding in Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus

Suspension-feeding fishes use gill structures for both respiration (lamellae) and food capture (rakers). During hypoxic exposure in eutrophic lakes or poorly circulated sloughs, many fishes, including Sacramento blackfish, Orthodon microlepidotus, increase their gill water flows, in part by increasing ventilatory stroke volumes. Stroke volume increases could compromise particle sieving efficiency by spreading interdigitated gill rakers from adjacent gill arches, although blackfish capture food particles by raker-guided water flows to a sticky buccal root. Using van Dam-type respirometers, blackfish respiratory variables and feeding efficiency (Artemia nauplii) were measured under normoxia (> 130 torr PO2) and hypoxia (60 torr PO2). Compared with non-feeding, normoxic conditions, gill ventilation volume, frequency, stroke volume, and gape all increased, while O2 uptake efficiency decreased, during hypoxia and during feeding. O2 consumption increased during feeding treatments, and % uptake of nauplii showed no difference between normoxic and hypoxic groups. Thus, blackfish display respiratory adaptations, including increased ventilatory stroke volumes, to survive in hypoxic environments such as Clear Lake, California. Importantly, they have also evolved a particle capture mechanism that allows efficient suspension-feeding under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
Teacher Efficacy: A Comparative Study of University Certified and Alternatively Certified Teachers

Abstract Research studies show a strong link between a teacher's sense of efficacy and student achievement as well as teacher retention. With the recent push for a highly qualified teacher in every classroom through the No Child Left Behind Act, it is important to understand how teacher preparation programs can contribute to a new teacher's developing perceptions of teaching efficacy. This study examines the perceived efficacy of teachers from traditional and alternative certification programs and their perceptions of the success of the pathways they chose to teacher certification. This study revealed that certification route, specialization area, and years of teaching experience appear to modulate teacher efficacy. Furthermore, the results of this study support the hypothesis that teacher efficacy is a developmental process dependent on the type of certification program a candidate completes.
A Picture Speaks a Thousand Words

In the last issue of Business Communication Quarterly, my editorial was entitled “We All Like to Hear Stories.” For this issue, my theme is “A Picture Speaks a Thousand Words.” Those of us who are in the business of persuading audiences know the value of visuals, and how one picture can effectively capture an entire problem. Photographs, for example, have become iconic representations of major historical events. Who can forget Huỳnh Cong Ut picture of Kim Phuc, taken some 40 years ago, showing a 9-year-old girl crying and running after a napalm attack? This photograph, which won a Pulitzer prize, became an emblem for how civilians, especially children, suffered through the war in Vietnam. The photographer and his subject today have reunited and have told their story all over the world; she started the Kim Foundation International, whose mission is “healing children of war” (http://www.kimfoundation.com/). Given the power of visual representations, it is not surprising that many scholars have recently turned their attention to graphic narratives, which can become remarkable sites of pedagogical inquiry. These forms of writing can help learners and writers become more active participants in their discourse communities. Our first article this issue explores the potential of graphic novels to produce positive learning outcomes. The authors suggest that they are powerful but underutilized tools for teaching business and professional communication. We would like to see more research in this area, especially since the results to date are so promising. Our second article examines students’ reactions to a contemporary simulation infused in the business communication curriculum. I actually experienced the authors’ simulation at a conference in Philadelphia, and I can report that it is an excellent learning experience. The first part of the article presents the design and implementation of a business communication simulation, and the second part describes and analyzes students’ reactions. Continuing a focus on real-world practice, our third article describes a successful simulation project focused on a university crisis. Students were expected to apply communication and linguistic theory to manage communication in a crisis situation; students reported that they learned a great deal and appreciated the opportunity to apply what they were learning in a corporate communication class. Surprisingly, very little is known about how students respond to these kinds of simulations, so these two articles advance knowledge in this area.
Parallel computation of fractal dimension

The discrimination of texture features in an image has many important applications, from detection of man-made objects from a surrounding natural background to identification of cancerous from healthy tissue in x-ray imagery. The fractal structure in an image has been used with success to identify these features but requires unacceptable processing time if executed sequentially. We demonstrate a paradigm for applying massively parallel processing to the computation of fractal dimension of an image which will provide the necessary throughput demanded of real time applications. This model is evaluated on several architectures: Vectorizing Supercomputer, MIMD, and massively parallel SIMD computers. Performance comparisons are presented.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Zwitterionic sulfobetaine lipids that form vesicles with salt-dependent thermotropic properties

We describe a class of zwitterionic sulfobetaine (SB) lipids with fascinating salt-dependent properties. SB lipids are zwitter-neutral across a broad pH range; however they have negative surface potentials in the presence of anions and two salt-dependent transition temperatures. These new SB lipids provide insight on the role of charge orientation at the membrane interface and may be useful components in drug delivery systems.
An Advanced Turbocharging System for Improved Fuel Efficiency

Turbochargers provide an efficient method of utilizing exhaust energy to boost intake air pressure for improved engine performance and efficiency. However transient operation requires increased air delivery (via quicker compressor response) to allow more rapid fueling for acceleration in both diesel and natural gas engines. In diesel engines rapid boosting will avoid increased particulates caused by excessive fueling during acceleration. Further, in applications that use either a wastegate, inlet bypass or variable vanes in the turbine to limit boost pressures, the excess energy in the exhaust is thrown away. The SuperTurbo™ (or superturbocharger) can recover much of the wasted energy and return it to the crankshaft, increasing overall efficiency. Woodward has developed a mechanical geartrain connected to the turbine shaft that transmits power through a variable speed hydraulic transmission to the crankshaft of an engine. This combination, a superturbocharger, provides the needed characteristics of (a) recovery of energy at high speed/load operating points (turbocompounding), (b) very rapid acceleration of the turbine shaft during transients (supercharging), (c) elimination of boost limitation devices, and (d) a variable speed hydraulic transmission that will be lower cost than a high-speed, high-power electrical system. While the air requirements are different for diesel and natural gas engines, both have sufficient exhaust energy to drive a turbine beyond the needs of the compressor for much of the performance map. Part load operation may be different as natural gas engines are usually throttled. The choice of a diesel or natural gas application was influenced by the availability of a suitable engine. The first prototype superturbocharger was built and tested on a Mack E7G natural gas engine, replacing the wastegated turbocharger of the stock engine. Preliminary results show fuel economy improvements of almost 6% at high speeds and high loads. In addition the load response of the engine was greatly increased due to the ability to accelerate turbine shaft speed, increasing boost. However there was a peak power output drop due to limitations in boost and imperfect sizing.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Microwave induced rapid preparation of acetyl, trifluoroacetyl and tert-butyl dimethylsilyl derivatives of fatty alcohols and diacylglycerols for gas chromatography-mass spectrometric analysis

Abstract Acetyl, trifluoroacetyl and tert -butyl dimethylsilyl derivatives of fatty alcohols and diacylglycerols are commonly used for structural characterization. The conventional techniques require 1 h of heating at 80°C for preparation of acetyl, 15 min of heating at 45°C for synthesis of trifluoroacetyl and 20 min of heating at 80°C for preparation of tert -butyl dimethylsilyl derivatives. Using a commercially available microwave oven and low power microwave irradiation, we prepared acetyl derivative in 40 s, trifluoroacetyl derivative in 10 s (fatty alcohol only) and tert -butyl dimethylsilyl derivative in 2 min. We observed quantitative conversion of fatty alcohols and diacylglycerol under microwave irradiation in all cases, except for conversion of diacylglycerol to its trifluoroacetyl derivative. However, the conventional technique did not lead to quantitative conversion either. The yields obtained by microwave irradiation and the conventional technique were comparable. The mass spectral fragmentation patterns of derivatives produced by microwave irradiation were identical to the fragmentation patterns of derivatives produced by the conventional technique. We conclude that the microwave oven can be used for rapid preparation of acetyl, trifluoroacetyl and tert -butyl dimethylsilyl derivatives of fatty alcohols and acetyl as well as tert -butyl dimethylsilyl derivatives of diacylglycerols.
Ab initio and molecular dynamics predictions for electron and phonon transport in bismuth telluride

Phonon and electron transport in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ has been investigated using a multiscale approach, combining the first-principles calculations, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and Boltzmann transport equations (BTEs). Good agreements are found with the available experimental results. The MD simulations along with the Green-Kubo autocorrelation decay method are used to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity in both the in-plane and cross-plane directions, where the required classical interatomic potentials for ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$ are developed on the basis of first-principles calculations and experimental results. In the decomposition of the lattice thermal conductivity, the contributions from the short-range acoustic and optical phonons are found to be temperature independent and direction independent, while the long-range acoustic phonons dominate the phonon transport with a strong temperature and direction dependence (represented by a modified Slack relation). The sum of the short-range acoustic and optical phonon contribution is about $0.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ and signifies the limit when the long-range transport is suppressed by nanostructure engineering. The electrical transport is calculated using the full-band structure from the linearized augmented plane-wave method, BTE, and the energy-dependent relaxation-time models with the nonparabolic Kane energy dispersion. Temperature dependence of the energy gap is found to be important for the prediction of electrical transport in the intrinsic regime. Appropriate modeling of relaxation times is also essential for the calculation of electric and thermal transport, especially in the intrinsic regime. The maximum of the Seebeck coefficient appears when the chemical potential approaches the band edge and can be estimated by a simple expression containing the band gap. The scatterings by the acoustic, optical, and polar-optical phonons dominate the electrical conductivity and electric thermal conductivity.
Mass-transport limitation to the rate of in-cloud oxidation of SO2: Re-examination in the light of new data

Abstract Recent measurements of mass-accommodation coefficients of SO21, O3, and H2O2 on aqueous solution allow definitive examination of mass-transport limitation to the rate of in-cloud aqueous-phase oxidation of SO2 by O3 and H2O2. Conditions explicitly considered were drop diameter, 10 and 30 μm; temperature, 0 and 25°C; pH, 2–6; reagent partial pressures O3,30 ppb; H2O2, 1 ppb; SO2, 1 ppb. However, the graphical analysis employed readily permits extension to other conditions. Despite the low massaccommodation coefficient of O3(5 × 10−4; Tang and Lee, Chemistry of Acid Rain, 1987) interfacial mass transport of this species presents no limitation to the in-cloud reaction rate. Lower bounds for massaccommodation coefficients of H2O2 and SO2 (⩾ 0.2 and ⩾ 0.08, respectively; Gardner et al, 1987) establish that interfacial mass transport of these species is less restrictive than gas-phase diffusion and is not a limitation to the in-cloud reaction under conditions of interest. Although aqueous-phase limitation of the O3 reaction and gas-phase limitation of the H2O2 reaction are indicated under certain extremes of conditions, for the most part this limitation is absent, ruling out any drop-size dependence to the kinetics of these reactions in most situations. The present results further indicate that the rates of these reactions may be accurately evaluated in many situations of interest by treating cloudwater as saturated in the reagent gases.
One-sided multiple comparisons for treatment means with a control mean

We study comparisons of several treatments with a common control when it is believed a priori that the treatment means, @m"i, are at least as large as the control mean, @m"0. In this setting, which is called a tree ordering, we study multiple comparisons that determine whether @m"i>@m"0 or @m"i=@m"0 for each treatment. The classical procedure by Dunnett (1955) and the step-down and step-up techniques by Dunnett and Tamhane (1991, 1992) are well known. The results in Marcus and Talpaz (1992) provide multiple comparisons based on the maximum likelihood estimates restricted by the tree ordering. We also study two-stage procedures that consist of the likelihood ratio test of homogeneity with the alternative constrained by the tree ordering followed by two-sample t comparisons with possibly different critical values for the two-sample comparisons. Marcus et al. (1976) discuss the use of closed tests in such situations and propose using a closed version of the restricted likelihood ratio test. We describe step-down versions of the Marcus-Talpaz, the two-stage, and the likelihood ratio procedures, as well as a closed version of the Marcus-Talpaz multiple comparison procedure. Using Monte Carlo techniques, we study the familywise errors and powers of these procedures and make some recommendations concerning techniques that perform well for all tree ordered mean vectors.
Body and Mind in Mount Hagen, Highlands Papua New Guinea

The concept of noman in Hagen encompasses a local theory of consciousness, agency, and morality. Interview materials are given to illustrate notions of how the noman works. The Hageners recognize a kind of duality between mind and body but no fundamental split between them. Their theory of consciousness is also a theory of morality and ethics, as well as a recognition of creative agency in life. Key words: Mount Hagen, person, gender, body/mind
Effect of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (Glomus epigaeus) on herbicide uptake by roots

Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi increase root uptake of P and other minerals, but their role in the uptake of herbicides has received far less attention. These experiments were conducted to determine the effect of the VAM fungus, Glomus epigaeus (Daniels and Trappe), on the absorption of atrazine and trifluralin by roots of corn and soybean. Atrazine uptake by excised corn-root segments was consistently increased by the VAM fungus, but VAM enhancement of atrazine uptake by soybeans was less than that observed for corn. Roots from corn grown for 8 weeks in the greenhouse prior to the experiment took up 25 pmol mm–3 root, whereas non-mycorrhizal roots took up only 11 pmol mm–3 root. Soybean and corn root uptake of trifluralin was also enhanced by VAM infection. Addition of P did not increase herbicide uptake by non-VAM plants. The direct role of VAM hyphae on atrazine uptake was demonstrated using a two-chamber system, where only the fungal hyphae had access to 14C-atrazine-treated soil. Hyphal systems of the fungus were able to remove and transfer 14C-atrazine residues from soil to corn plants, demonstrating direct uptake of the herbicide by the fungal hyphae.
Analytical description of an imperfect Fabry-Perot etalon.

A novel method is presented for the investigation of Fabry-Perot etalon defects, incorporating the effects of microsurface imperfection, bowing, and departure from parallelism, as well as the effect of finite aperture on the etalon, into the perturbation function. The tolerance imperfections of reflective layers can be incorporated into the transfer coefficients of a noncorrugated thin-film system, and any defect can be investigated either separately or in combination with others through the use of the appropriate analytical or numerical simulation of the corrugated function. In the context of numerical computation, the present method permits the simulation and evaluation of different specific situations. The expressions derived for the transfer coefficients of a corrugated, equidistant thin film system may be applicable to other branches of applied optics.
Detersive efficiency of tetrasodium pyrophosphate — Part II

Tetrasodium pyrophosphate has been shown to possess the following outstanding advantages as a component in built soaps: 1) Ability to increase suds. 2) Ability to increase detergency. 3) Ability to increase the amount of builder without diminishing the cleansing efficiency of the soap. 4) Low pH for use in household soaps.
(Re) constructing and negotiating the South as other: southern food restaurants in New York City

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the negotiation and otherization of the regional representations of southern foodways in public restaurants within a larger urban cultural setting often seen as its cultural antithesis.Design/methodology/approach – The method and approach is multifaceted, including content and historical analysis and participant observation. The literature review lays the foundation for the otherization of the South in the USA. The content analysis explores various media publications relevant to southern food restaurants and the qualitative analysis demonstrates the nuances of southern restaurants in New York City.Findings – The literature and content analysis demonstrates the socio‐historical grounding for the otherization of the South and southern foodways. The qualitative research demonstrates how southern restaurants are constructed and otherized differently in New York City depending upon their local context and the participants who are primarily involved.Research lim...
Effects of indomethacin on Moloney sarcoma virus-induced tumors.

Abstract Chronic administration of indomethacin to weanling (20 day old) BALB/c mice inoculated with Moloney sarcoma virus (MSV) delayed the onset of the tumor and suppressed the tumor growth. As expected, the prostaglandin (PG) levels associated with the MSV-injected leg muscle of the indomethacin treated mice were greatly depressed when compared to the elevated PG content associated with the tumors of MSV injected control mice. There was no effect of indomethacin on the cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP levels. The elevated levels of PG and cyclic AMP associated with the tumor were found to parallel the tumor growth. Administration of antilymphocyte serum (ALS) to the mice at the time of MSV inoculation resulted in accelerated and enhanced tumor growth. Indomethacin treatment of these mice similarly suppressed the tumor growth, but less dramatically.