cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photoperiod and seasonal influences on the growth of turkey hens.

Abstract 1. The influence of photoperiod and time of year on the growth of hen turkeys was investigated. 2. Photoperiod treatments consisted of computer simulations of day lengths which occur naturally in the spring and autumn of the year. Both photoperiod treatments were given to hens in the autumn and spring. 3. Data were collected for growth evaluations at 2‐ to 4‐week intervals to 16 weeks of age. No significant season × photoperiod interactions occurred. 4. The spring trial resulted in greater body weights and better food conversions (food/gain) than the autumn trial. 5. Simulated autumn daylengths resulted in greater body weights and improved food efficiency at 16 weeks of age compared with simulated spring daylengths. 6. The pattern of growth (period changes) was influenced by season, but not photoperiod. 7. Season and photoperiod both have important and independent influences on the growth of the turkey hen.
Per-Exemplar Fusion Learning for Video Retrieval and Recounting

We propose a novel video retrieval framework based on an extension of per-exemplar learning. Each training sample with multiple types of features (e.g., audio and visual) is regarded as an exemplar. For each exemplar, a localized per-exemplar distance function is learned and used to measure the similarity between itself and new test samples. Exemplars associate only with sufficiently similar test data, which accumulate to identify the data to be retrieved. In particular, for every exemplar, relevance of each feature type is discriminatively analyzed and the effect of less informative features is minimized during the fusion-based associations. In addition, we show that our framework can enable a rich set of recounting capabilities where the rationale for each retrieval result can be automatically described to users to aid their interaction with the system. We show that our system provides competitive retrieval accuracy against strong baseline methods, while adding the benefits of recounting.
Microassay for estimation of galactose and galactose-1-phosphate in dried blood specimens

A fluorometric assay for blood galactose and galactose-1-phosphate has been modified and improved to shorten the analysis time and to increase sensitivity above other published methods. The method may be useful as a quantitative screening or routine clinical test to detect infants suspected of having a defect of galactose metabolism. It can also be used to monitor blood galactose or galactose-1-phosphate levels in children with galactosemia who are on a lactose-free diet.
Alcohol and the health of aging men.

Alcohol drinking, alcohol abuse, and alcoholism are more common among men than women at all ages. The reasons for this gender difference are not completely understood, but genetic, environmental, and pharmacokinetic factors probably all play roles. The consequences of heavy drinking and comorbidities of alcoholism are also somewhat different among men than women. Although all heavy drinkers are subject to both medical and social sequelae, women are somewhat more susceptible to adverse physical effects of alcohol, and men appear to suffer from social effects, such as injuries and legal problems, more frequently. Alcohol use and its consequences also change as people age. This article reviews the epidemiology and clinical effects of alcohol use in aging men.
Ca uptake by heart cells: I. Ca uptake by the sarcoplasmic reticulum of intact heart cells in suspension

Abstract Electric field stimulation of adult rat heart cells suspended in medium with 0.2 mM Ca and isoproterenol caused 45 Ca uptake at a rate (5.25 pmol/mg/beat) proportional to stimulation frequency. Uptake was strongly inhibited by verapamil or thapsigargin. 45 Ca autoradiography showed that stimulation dependent verapamil sensitive uptake was associated with the rod shaped cells, while the uptake by round cells was unaffected by stimulation and was verapamilinsensitive. 45 Ca efflux measurements revealed a caffeine-sensitive component of uptake which was abolished by thapsigargin, and a caffeine-insensitive component. Part of the latter was sensitive to thapsigargin but not to 30 s of stimulation; another part was sensitive to such stimulation but not to thapsigargin. With longer times of stimulation, the caffeine-insensitive pool increased in size, part of which appeared to be mitochondrial Ca uptake via a thapsigarginsensitive pool. The caffeine-sensitive pool labelled quickly in stimulated cells and its size and rate of labelling was increased by stimulation frequency (3.87 pmol/mg/beat), while the caffeine-insensitive pool labelled more slowly and was relatively insensitive to stimulation (0.77 pmol/mg/beat). We conclude that essentially all of the SR Ca pool, as defined by its involvement in excitation-contraction coupling, is released by caffeine.
Hyponatremia in psychiatric patients: update on evaluation and management.

Background: Hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration < 136 mEq/L) is a prevalent and potentially dangerous medical comorbidity in psychiatric patients. Methods: MEDLINE was used to identify peer-reviewed publications that described the role of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the pathogenesis of hyponatremia, the presentation and treatment of hyponatremia in psychiatric patients, and promising new treatment options. Results: Polydipsia may lead to hyponatremia in patients with schizophrenia, which is mediated, in part, by a reduced osmotic threshold for the release of AVP and by a defect in the osmoregulation of thirst. Acute-onset hyponatremia may require emergent treatment with hypertonic (3%) saline, whereas chronic cases mandate gradual correction to minimize the risk of osmotic demyelination. The AVP-receptor antagonists, including conivaptan, tolvaptan, lixivaptan, and satavaptan, represent a therapeutic advance in the treatment of dilutional hyponatremia. Conclusion: Based on the role of AVP in the de...
Circulatory support for myocardial infarction with ventricular arrhythmias

Profound circulatory failure developed in a 45-year-old man after an acute myocardial infarction. A left ventricular assist device was used successfully to bridge the patient to transplantation despite recurrent and medically refractory ventricular arrhythmias that lasted from the second through the 12th day of circulatory support.
Timolol inhibition of isoproterenol action—1. Effects on aqueous humor production and IOP

Abstract 1. 1. Experiments were performed with enucleated, arterially perfused cat eyes. 2. 2. Timolol was found to block the aqueous humor (AH) depressant action of d,l -isoproterenol but had no effect on the similar actions of l -epinephrine or of l -norepinephrine. 3. 3. The ocular hypotensive effect of the three adrenergic amines were unaltered by timolol. 4. 4. Although the AH actions of d,l -isoproterenol were blocked by timolol, the ability of isoproterenol to lower IOP remained intact.
Bed friction characteristics of three tidal entrances

Abstract The regimes of flow and sediment transport through a tidal entrance are contingent upon, among other factors, the temporal and spatial distributions of the shear stress at the channel bed, defined in terms of the depth-averaged velocity, a friction factor or a Manning's n and an equivalent sand bed roughness. Direct measurement of these parameters should, therefore, yield basic information on the flow and sediment transport characteristics of the entrance. Three entrances, located on the Gulf Coast of Florida, were selected for hydraulic measurements. In two of the three entrances, bed friction characteristics were derived from near-bed velocity measurements and at the third entrance the same were obtained from measured water surface slopes in the channel. The near-bed velocity profiles were found to be logarithmic, and the effect of flow inertia was found to be significant only for relatively short time periods close to slack water. In the fully rough range of flow the bed shear stress-velocity relationship was found to follow the square law with a characteristic friction factor and Manning's n for the entrance. The measured maximum friction velocity and the friction factor have been used to estimate the tidal prism—throat cross-sectional area ratio which is then compared with the same obtained from flow discharge measurements. A reasonable agreement is observed, thus attesting to the validity of the measured friction factors.
E-Procurement: Business and Technical Issues

Abstract E-procurement is changing the way businesses purchase goods. This article reviews the technologies for E-procurement, discusses business issues in implementing E-procurement, presents life cycle for implementing E-procurement, and outlines the steps needed for implementing MRO goods E-procurement.
Effect of adenine nucleotides on thyroid hormone release in vivo and in vitro.

Abstract C-3′,5′-AMP and D.C.-3′,5′-AMP were found to increase thyroid hormone release from mouse thyroid in vivo. Other adenine nucleotides such as 5′-AMP, 5′-ADP and 5′-ATP were also active. Simultaneous injection of theophylline and caffeine with C-3′,5′-AMP and D.C.-3′,5′-AMP augmented the stimulatory effect of these adenine nucleotides on hormone release, although theophylline or caffeine had only a slight effect alone. No effect was obtained by the injection of NaF with D.C-3′,5′-AMP. These adenine nucleotides have no enhancing action on hormone release from mouse thyroids during in vitro incubations, and no stimulatory effects are obtained by the nucleotides on the hydrolysis of thyroglobulin in mouse thyroid homogenates. These adenine nucleotides appear to have no direct action on the enzyme participating in the breakdown of thyroglobulin. These observations raise the possibility that a group of adenine nucleotides—not C-3′,5′-AMP exclusively—may serve as the stimulating signal participating in the TSH response in the thyroid.
Why Race Still Matters 50 years After the Enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act

With the presidential election and re-election of Barack Obama and the increasing presence of successful black people in all spheres of life, one could be justified in seeing this as evidence that 50 years after the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, race is no longer a barrier to success for black people in contemporary America. Indeed, there are many who believe that America is now in a post-racial era where class is more relevant than race in determining the life chances of black people. To be sure, black people have made unprecedented strides in the 50 years since the enactment of the 1964 Civil Rights Act. In higher education, a record of 4.5 million black people has a 4-year college degree. Moreover, from 1985 to 2005/6, the number of black people with a professional degree (e.g., medicine, law, dentistry, etc.) or master's degree doubled and quadrupled respectively. Furthermore, more than 100,000 living black people hold doctoral degrees, also a record-high number (The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education 2013). Equally impressive is the unprecedented number of blacks that have or do a hold a key presidential cabinet position. For example, since 1990, two black people have held the position of US Security of Defense, four have held the position of US Surgeon General, and Eric Holder currently holds the office of US Attorney General, the first black person to do so. Finally, the term black middle class has entered the lexicon of discourse to describe the sizeable number of educated black people who, by virtue of movement into a wider range of professions and higher income brackets than what was possible prior to the 1964 Civil Rights Act, are increasingly differentiated economically from the so-called black underclass (Harris 2010). Yet as tempting as it is to embrace the notion that these developments are evidence of a post-racial era, a black/white comparison across some of the most significant quality of life indicators suggest that the gains some black people have made has not vanquished American prejudice, injustice, or the racial disparities in access to resources. Rather, they have obfuscated them, making them less apparent but no less J Afr Am St (2014) 18:251–259 DOI 10.1007/s12111-013-9264-3
Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Past Trends and Current Concerns

Abstract Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in the preterm infant. It is unpredictable, and the etiology is complex and not well understood. Yet, the care of these infants requires astute assessment and management for the outcome to be favorable. No one can predict to whom or when this life-threatening emergency will occur. The purpose of this article is to explore the physiology of the gastrointestinal tract, the pathophysiology associated with necrotizing enterocolitis, the contributing factors needed to confirm the diagnosis, and the plan of care required for these infants. In addition, a discussion of new management strategies is included.
Overexpression of Dmp1 fails to rescue the bone and dentin defects in Fam20C knockout mice

FAM20C is a kinase phosphorylating the small-integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGs), a group of extracellular matrix proteins that are essential for bone and dentin formation. Previously, we showed that Sox2-Cre;Fam20Cfl/fl mice had bone and dentin defects, along with hypophosphatemia and significant downregulation of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1). While the assumed phosphorylation failure of the SIBLINGs is likely associated with the defects in the Fam20C-deficient mice, it remains unclear if the downregulation of Dmp1 contributes to these phenotypes. In this study, we crossed 3.6 kb Col1-Dmp1 transgenic mice with 3.6 kb Col1-Cre;Fam20Cfl/fl mice to overexpress Dmp1 in the mineralized tissues of Fam20C conditional knockout (cKO) mice. X-ray, micro-computed tomography, serum biochemistry and histology analyses showed that expressing the Dmp1 transgene failed to rescue the bone and dentin defects, as well as the serum levels of FGF23 and phosphate in the Fam20C-cKO mice. These results indicated that the downregulation of Dmp1 may not directly associate with, or significantly contribute to the bone and dentin defects in the Fam20C-cKO mice.
Noise in p-ν-p diodes at room temperature☆

Abstract The (Ia,Va) characteristic of p-ν-p diodes shows a linear region at low voltages, a V a 1 2 -region at intermediate voltages and a Vaα-region, with α gradually increasing from 1 2 to 2 at higher voltages. The V a 1 2 -region can be explained either by generation of carriers in the space-charge region or by space-charge-limited (SCL) current flow through the space-charge region. The noise measurements indicate that the first mechanism predominates at voltages around a few tenths of a volt, whereas for increasing voltages the second mechanism gradually takes over, though the first continues to contribute somewhat to the noise.
Reactions of perfluoroisopropyl iodide with cyclopentadienyl-rhodium complexes in methanol. an unexpected route to a rhodium-fulvalene complex

Reaction of perfluoroisopropyl iodide with Rh(C5H5)(PMe3)2 generates a perfluorocarbanion intermediate along with [Rh(C5H5)(PMe3)2I]+, which react to give fluoroalkylation of the cyclopentadienyl r...
On the convergence of Newton's method

Abstract Let Pd be the set of polynomials over the complex number of degree d with all its roots in the unit ball. For f ϵ Pd, let Γf be the set of points for which Newton's method converges to a root, and let Af ≡ |Γf ∩ B2(0)|/|B2(0)|, i.e., the density of Γf in the ball of radius 2 (where || denotes Lebesgue measure on C viewed as R2). For each d we consider Ad, the worst-case density (i.e., infimum) of Af for f ϵ Pd. S. Smale (1985) conjectured that Ad > 0 for all d ⪰ 3 (it was well known that A1 = A2 = 1) In this paper we prove that 1 d cd 2 log d ⩽ A d for some constant c. In particular, Ad > 0 for all d. Remark. Our definition of Ad differs slightly from that of Smale (1985) , but the conclusions hold for Ad as defined by Smale as well.
Adenosine A2a receptor antagonists attenuate striatal adaptations following dopamine depletion

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are widely thought to arise from an imbalance in the activity of the two major striatal efferent pathways following the loss of dopamine (DA) signaling. In striatopallidal, indirect pathway spiny projection neurons (iSPNs), intrinsic excitability rises following the loss of inhibitory D2 receptor signaling. Because these receptors are normally counterbalanced by adenosine A2a adenosine receptors, antagonists of these receptors are being examined as an adjunct to conventional pharmacological therapies. However, little is known about the effects of sustained A2a receptor antagonism on striatal adaptations in PD models. To address this issue, the A2a receptor antagonist SCH58261 was systemically administered to DA-depleted mice. After 5 days of treatment, the effects of SCH58261 on iSPNs were examined in brain slices using electrophysiological and optical approaches. SCH58261 treatment did not prevent spine loss in iSPNs following depletion, but did significantly attenuate alterations in synaptic currents, spine morphology and dendritic excitability. In part, these effects were attributable to the ability of SCH58261 to blunt the effects of DA depletion on cholinergic interneurons, another striatal cell type that co-expresses A2a and D(2) receptors. Collectively, these results suggest that A2a receptor antagonism improves striatal function in PD models by attenuating iSPN adaptations to DA depletion.
Advertising's misinformation effect

This research explores whether post-experience advertising alters information learned in a consumer's direct experience. An advertising misinformation effect was obtained for colour memory of a previously seen candy bar wrapper upon both visual and verbal misinformation. However, the misleading visual information produced more 'remember' judgements than misleading verbal information. This advertising misinformation effect did not dissipate when the source was discredited. We found that such memory changes can be directly linked to consumer subjective judgements and choices when the misleading information is particularly salient. Not only do these findings constitute a novel generalizability of the misinformation effect, they also have implications for social policy research on deceptive advertising. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Language: en
Ten rules of fire endurance rating

Fire endurance tests alone cannot supply all the data needed for intelligent appraisal of fire resistant ratings of building elements. There are simply too many different types of assemblies and combinations of materials to classify them all through actual tests. Fortunately, the theory of fire endurance rating is sufficiently advanced to offer guidance in estimating fire endurance ratings. The author sets forth ten rules that may prove useful for quick assessment of the fire endurance of building elements when fire test data on the elements are not available.
Effect of physiologic concentration of lactose on prevention of postweaning decline of intestinal lactase.

Postweaning decline of intestinal lactase activity due to decreasing substrate concentration was investigated in this study, using litters of rats maintained on either a control (8% dextrose) or lactose-enriched diet (8% lactose). The 8% lactose was used because this supplies the same amount of calories as the lactose in the maternal milk of rats. The rats were sacrificed at 3, 4, 5, 8, 12 and 16 weeks, to establish a continuum of activity. Assay of lactase activity in mucosa from the jejunal and ileal segment in these rats failed to reveal any significant difference in either lactase, sucrase or maltase activity, regardless of whether the activities were expressed in terms of the whole intestine, per gram of intestine, or per 100 g of body weight. These results do not support the theory that postweaning decline of intestinal lactase reflects only a decreasing amount of substrate in the diet.
Column Supported Embankments with Geosynthetic Encased Columns: Validity of the Unit Cell Concept

Column supported embankments (CSEs) are used to overcome common problems associated with the construction of embankments over soft compressible soils. The use of granular columns as deep foundation elements for CSEs can be problematic in soft soils due to the lack of adequate lateral confining pressure, particularly in the upper portion of the column. Using a high-strength geosynthetic for granular column confinement forms geosynthetic encased columns (GECs); the confinement imposed by the geosynthetic increases the strength of the column, and also prevents its lateral displacement into the soft surrounding soil. This paper presents the results of finite element analyses of a hypothetical geosynthetic reinforced column supported embankment (GRCSE) (i.e., a CSE underlain by geosynthetic reinforcement) that is constructed with GECs as the deep foundation elements. Full three-dimensional (3-d), 3-d unit cell, and axisymmetric unit cell analyses of the GRCSE were carried out to investigate the validity of the unit cell concept. The effect of the degree of nodal constraint along the bottom boundary when numerically modeling GRCSEs was also studied in this paper. Numerical results show that a full 3-d idealization is required to more precisely determine the tension forces that are produced in the geosynthetic reinforcement that underlies the GRCSE. A number of design parameters such as the average vertical stresses carried by the GECs, lateral displacement of the GECs, and the maximum settlement of the soft foundation soil, however, can be successfully calculated using unit cell analyses.
5.6: Presentation session: Neuroscience informatics: “Genetic analysis of BDNF expression cliques and adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus”

The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of sexually mature mice contains a highly variable number of pluripotent stem cells that produce a stream of intermediate progenitors which give rise to neurons and glial cells. Genetic factors, age, and the environment control variation in the fate and rate of neurogenesis. Discovery of stem cells in the adult CNS has catalyzed wide-ranging research into the molecular control of regeneration and repair. In recent work we have explored the genetic basis of variation in adult neurogenesis in C57BL/6J (B), DBA/2J (D) and the BXD family of inbred mice [1]. Here we exploit expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) mapping and advanced graph theoretical algorithms to extract and analyze small sets of genes-so-called cliques and paracliques-that have tightly coupled expression with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Isoforms of BDNF are key modulators of neuronal proliferation, dendritic plasticity, and also influence disease susceptibility. Two independent BDNF cliques that are associated with all Bdnf transcripts or dendritic transcripts were studied using gene ontology analysis, direct literature analysis, and eQTL mapping methods. We show that these two Bdnf cliques are modulated by gene variants located on distal Chr 1 (the Fmn2/Qrr1 region) and proximal Chr 19 near Prune2. Prune2, which controls the clique primarily associated with total Bdnf expression, is a novel adult neurogenesis candidate gene with proapoptotic function that has recently been linked to Alzheimer's disease.
LEC18, a Dominant Chinese Hamster Ovary Glycosylation Mutant Synthesizes N-Linked Carbohydrates with a Novel Core Structure

The dominant Chinese hamster ovary cell glycosylation mutant, LEC18, was selected for resistance to pea lectin (Pisum sativum agglutinin (PSA)). Lectin binding studies show that LEC18 cells express altered cell surface carbohydrates with markedly reduced binding to 125I-PSA and increased binding to 125I-labeled Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) compared with parental cells. Desialylated [3H]Glc-labeled LEC18 cellular glycopeptides that did not bind to concanavalin A-Sepharose exhibited an increased proportion of species that were bound to DSA-agarose. Most of these glycopeptides bound to ricin-agarose and were unique to LEC18 cells. This fraction was purified from ~101010 cells and shown by 1H NMR spectroscopy and methylation linkage analysis to contain novel N-linked structures. Digestion of these glycopeptides with mixtures of β-D-galactosidases and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidases gave core glycopeptides that, in contrast to cores from parental cells, were mainly not bound to concanavalin A-Sepharose or to PSA-agarose. 1H NMR spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization/time of flight mass spectrometry, electrospray mass spectrometry, and collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry showed that the LEC18 core glycopeptides contained a new GlcNAc residue that substitutes the core GlcNAc residue. Methylation linkage analysis of the parent compound provided evidence that the GlcNAc is linked at O-6 to give the following novel, N-linked core structure.
Affirm VP III in the detection and identification of Candida species in vaginitis.

[1] Cunningham FG, Leveno KJ, Bloom SL, Hauth JC, Gilstrap LC III, Wenstrom KD. Gestational trophoblastic disease (Editors). Williams Obstetrics — International Edition (22nd Edition). McGraw-Hill Companies, INC.USA: 2005: pp 273–284. [2] Ottosen C, Lingman G, Ottosen L. Three methods for hysterectomy: a randomised prospective study of short term outcome. Br J Obstet Gynecol 2000;107:1380–5. [3] Van Dan Eeden, Glasser M, Mathias SD. Quality of life, health care utilization and costs among women undergoing hysterectomy in a managed care setting. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:91–110. [4] Sheth SS. The scope of vaginal hysterectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2004;115:224–31.
Use of interferon beta for acute respiratory distress syndrome: proceed with caution.

We read with interest Bellingan and co-workers’ report of the investigation of the effi cacy of interferon-beta-1a for acute respiratory distress syndrome. As the investigators eloquently state, acute respiratory distress syndrome is a devastating diagnosis and hence novel, effective, disease-modifying treatments are urgently required. The therapeutic potential of interferons in respiratory medicine is being increasingly investigated and the results of early pilot studies in the treatment of airways disease show promise. However, there is increasing evidence of a rare but reported association between the use of interferons (specifi cally type 1—interferon alfa and interferon beta) and pulmonary arterial hypertension. At the recent 5-yearly World Symposium on Pulmonary Hypertension, Nice, France, type 1 interferon was added to the list of drugs that might be associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension. Indeed, since then, our group has shown that type 1 interferon drives the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension and is associated with increases in the archetypal interferon-stimulated gene IP10 and the promitogen endothelin-1. We found that the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension is dependent on the type 1 interferon receptor IFNAR1, which is of direct relevance to this study because interferon beta signals through this receptor to induce proinfl ammatory stimuli such as Tgm2 and TREM1— both of which are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of septic shock. Endothelin-1 is a crucial mediator and treatment target in pulmonary arterial hypertension and we have shown that type 1 interferon can induce endothelin-1 in vitro and in vivo. Pulmonary hypertension is a well described complication of acute respiratory distress syndrome and its presence confers a poorer prognosis. The study by Bellingan and colleagues provides impressive data in a fairly small cohort. However, there is no mention of pulmonary haemodynamic data or description of right ventricular function. Hence, we suggest that if the findings from this study are used to design a larger, multicentre, randomised controlled study then right ventricular function and serum endothelin-1 concentrations should be measured serially throughout the treatment. These measurements will enable the early detection of patients who develop pulmonary arterial hypertension precipitated or exacerbated by treatment with interferon beta. Identifi cation of these patients should then prompt the appropriate withdrawal of treatment or addition of pulmonary vasodilator therapy.
Toxicity of fenitrothion to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and alternative exposure duration studies with fenitrothion and endosulfan

The objectives of this study were to determine the toxic effects of fenitrothion to fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), to investigate effects of short-term exposures of fenitrothion and endosulfan on this species, and to determine if these compounds caused delayed mortality. Fenitrothion significantly reduced survival of fathead minnows at 0.86 and 0.74 mg/L during two 14-day embryo-larvae studies. In the 30-day embryo-larvae study, growth (weight) was not adversely affected at 0.13 mg/L; however significant differences occurred at 0.30 mg/L. Growth differences were more significant than survival. A 96-hr acute value for endosulfan was 1.32 μg/L (1.13–1.54) which agrees with published values. In this study, no delayed mortality occurred.
EFFECTS OF ARGININE ON GROWTH AND IN PROLONGING LONGEVITY OF CORN STUNT SPIROPLASMA IN VITRO

Growth of corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS) in a medium containing 0-47 mM arginine increased with increasing arginine concentrations. Plotting specific growth rates of CSS at 0-94mM arginine resulted in a hyperbolic curve. At low arginine concentrations, specific growth rates of CSS were proportional to arginine concentrations; maximum growth rate occurred at 47mM arginine. Numbers of cells and colony-forming units in medium with 47mM arginine were two-fold greater than in medium without arginine. Helicity of CSS in medium with 0, 12, 24, and 47 mM arginine was lost by 8, 12, 14, and 15 days, respectively, after inoculation. Helicity was restored to 8-day-old cultures by addition of 47mM arginine. The growth-stimulating effect of arginine was inhibited or obscured when 10-20% serum was added to the medium. Addition of rifampicin also inhibited the growth-stimulating effect of arginine.
Unconscious Perception of Meaningful Sounds during Surgical Anesthesia as Revealed under Hypnosis

(1959). Unconscious Perception of Meaningful Sounds during Surgical Anesthesia as Revealed under Hypnosis. American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 101-113.
Opioid Signalling In The Rat Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla

SUMMARY 1. The present article reviews several aspects of opioid signalling in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and their implications for the neural control of blood pressure. 2. In the RVLM, preproenkephalin (PPE) mRNA is expressed by bulbospinal cells that are strongly barosensitive. These putative presympathetic neurons includes C1 and non-C1 neurons. 3. In the RVLM, PPE mRNA is also present in GABAergic neurons that do not project to the thoracic spinal cord. 4. Rostral ventrolateral medulla presympathetic cells receive enkephalinergic inputs and express μ-opioid receptors (MOR). Some of their synaptic inputs also contain MOR. 5. Pre- and post-synaptic modulation of RVLM presympathetic neurons by MOR agonists has been demonstrated in slices of neonate brain. The post-synaptic effect is inhibitory (increased gK). Presynaptic effects include disfacilitation (reduction of glutamate release) and possibly dishinhibition (reduction of GABA release). 6. In conclusion, opioid signalling plays a pervasive role in the medullospinal network that controls sympathetic tone and arterial pressure. Opioid peptides are made by the presympathetic, presumably excitatory, cells of the RVLM and by local GABAergic inhibitory neurons. In addition, RVLM presympathetic neurons are also controlled by opioid peptides at the pre- and post-synaptic level. μ-Opioid receptors are found post-synaptically, whereas presynaptic receptors probably include both μ and δ subtypes. Conditions that trigger the release of opioid peptides by presympathetic neurons or by inputs to these cells are not fully understood and may include decompensated haemorrhage and certain types of peripheral sensory stimulation related to acupuncture.
The political and organizational response to gangs: An examination of a “Moral panic” in Nevada

Some social scientists contend that the nature, frequency, and severity of a particular condition or issue are often grossly exaggerated in order to justify further economic or political action or to enhance the legitimacy of various affected organizations. The result can be a “moral panic,” a situation in which public fears and state interventions greatly exceed the objective threat. Using legislative records, media accounts, and official crime data, we examine whether the response to gangs in Las Vegas constituted a moral panic. After reviewing past research, we analyze data to examine the possible discrepancy between the perceived and the actual severity of the gang problem. We also describe factors that lead to the onset and decline of the moral panic in this particular jurisdiction. We conclude with a discussion of the results as they relate to the “threat” hypothesis and to the political and organizational response to youth gangs in other jurisdictions.
Vibrations of Blades With Variable Thickness and Curvature by Shell Theory

A procedure for analyzing the vibrations of rotating turbomachinery blades has been previously developed. This procedure is based upon shallow shell theory, and utilizes the Ritz method to determine frequencies and mode shapes. However, it has been limited heretofore to blades of uniform thickness, uniform curvature, and/or twist and rectangular planform. The present work shows how the procedure may be generalized to eliminate the aforementioned restrictions. Nonrectangular planforms are dealt with by a suitable coordinate transformation. This, as well as variable thickness, curvature and twist, require using numerical integration. The procedure is demonstrated on four examples of cantilevered blades for which theoretical and experimental data have been previously published: (1) flat plate with spanwise taper, (2) flat plate with chordwise taper, (3) twisted plate with chordwise taper, and (4) cylindrical shell with chordwise taper.
Obstructions to Shiftedness

In this paper we show results on the combinatorial properties of shifted simplicial complexes. We prove two intrinsic characterization theorems for this class. The first theorem is in terms of a generalized vicinal preorder. It is shown that a complex is shifted if and only if the preorder is total. Building on this we characterize obstructions to shiftedness and prove there are finitely many in each dimension. In addition, we give results on the enumeration of shifted complexes and a connection to totally symmetric plane partitions.
Late results of myocardial revascularization.

ince surgical myocardial revascularization for coronary artery disease was described by Vineberg [S, 91 in 1946, it has generated S enormous interest and equal skepticism among surgeons and internists alike. Clinical improvement in the symptoms of coronary artery disease has been ascribed to this surgical procedure by several authors [Z-41, and reduction in the incidence of late myocardial infarction with this procedure has been shown by Gorlin and Taylor [5 ] . However, no convincing evidence has been presented that late survival is significantly influenced by myocardial revascularization. This paper presents a retrospective nonrandom comparison of the incidence of myocardial infarction and mortality in a group of surgically treated patients with that in a group of medically treated patients in whom arteriographic evidence of disease was comparable.
A timesaving acquisition procedure using sidelobe detection

The author describes a downlink acquisition procedure designed for a frequency-hopped, man-portable, EHF satellite communications terminal. The acquisition procedure uses a very low energy threshold to allow synchronization to occur on signals received in sidelobes. The probability of a false alarm due to noise above threshold is reduced by using an algorithm to identify the signal pattern from among the threshold crossings. After the initial synchronization, the spatial search continues in order to align the mainlobe with the satellite. This procedure leads to a reduction in acquisition time when compared to a traditional acquisition scheme that acquires only through the mainlobe. >
On the theory of nonlinear systems tracking with guaranteed performance index bounds: application to robot control

A tracking concept called the kth-order tracking concept is explained and defined as kth-order tracking obeying prespecified performance index limits. It contains all other existing tracking concepts. The output negative feedback principle is used to prove an algebraic necessary and sufficient tracking condition which is a criterion for kth-order tracking. This criterion is utilized to establish a criterion for such tracking without output error oscillations, overshoot, and undershoot. Moreover, Liapunov-like tracking conditions are established using the output-feedback principle. They yield tracking control algorithms guaranteeing the bounds of the prespecified performance index in various forms. The general results are applied to robot and control synthesis for various types of performance index and limiting function. The advantages of this approach include the complete avoidance of nominal joint-space trajectory, nominal motion, nominal control, inverse dynamics, and inversion of Jacobian matrix, bounds on the prespecified performance index, and tracking over a given finite time interval. >
Caritas in Veritate and Critical Theory: Locating Religion in the Public Sphere

This paper explores the debate on the public voice of religion from two perspectives: contemporary critical theory and the Catholic social tradition. Using the recent conversation between Jurgen Habermas and Joseph Ratzinger (Pope Benedict XVI) on religion and secularization as a point of entry, I argue that critical theory offers a framework of rationality that promotes dialogue between religious and secular individuals while the Catholic social tradition's principle of subsidiarity provides a practical model for how this dialogue can occur.
Effects of Lewis number and ignition energy on the determination of laminar flame speed using propagating spherical flames

The trajectories of outwardly propagating spherical flames initiated by an external energy deposition are studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally by using hydrogen/air mixtures. Emphasis is placed on how to accurately determine the laminar flame speeds experimentally from the time history of the flame fronts for mixtures with different Lewis numbers and ignition energies. The results show that there is a critical flame radius only above which is the linear and non-linear extrapolation for flame speeds valid. It is found that the critical radius depends strongly on the Lewis number. At large Lewis numbers, the critical radius is larger than the minimum flame radius used in the experimental measurements, leading to invalid flame speed extrapolation. The results also show that there is a maximum Karlovitz number beyond which propagating spherical flame does not exist. The maximum Karlovitz number decreases dramatically with the increase of Lewis number. Furthermore, the results show that the ignition energy has a significant impact on the flame trajectories. It is found that the unsteady flame transition causes a flame speed reverse phenomenon near the maximum Karlovitz number with different ignition energies. The occurrence of flame speed reverse greatly narrows the experimental data range for flame speed extrapolation. The strong dependence of flame trajectory on ignition energy and the existence of the flame speed reverse phenomenon are also confirmed by experimental results. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute.
Results from the Palo Verde neutrino oscillation experiment

The νe flux and spectrum have been measured at a distance of about 800 m from the reactors of the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station using a segmented Gd-loaded liquid scintillator detector. Correlated positron-neutron events from the reaction νep→e+n were recorded for a period of 200 d including 55 d with one of the three reactors off for refueling. Backgrounds were accounted for by making use of the reactor-on and reactor-off cycles, and also with a novel technique based on the difference between signal and background under reversal of the e+ and n portions of the events. A detailed description of the detector calibration, background subtraction, and data analysis is presented here. Results from the experiment show no evidence for neutrino oscillations. νe→νx oscillations were excluded at 90% C.L. for Δm2>1.12×10-3 eV2 for full mixing and sin22θ>0.21 for large Δm2. These results support the conclusion that the observed atmospheric neutrino oscillations do not involve νe.
Damage Mechanisms around Hardness Indentations in Ti3SiC2

Microstructural observations of damage around indentations in Ti 3 SiC 2 are presented. The Vickers hardness decreased with increasing load and asymptotically approached 4 GPa at the highest loads. No indentation cracks were observed even at loads as high as 300 N. Preliminary strength versus indentation plots indicate that, at least for the large-grained material (100 μm) studied here, Ti 3 SiC 2 is a damage-tolerant material able to contain the extent of microdamage to a small area around the indent. The following multiple energy-absorbing mechanisms have been identified from scanning electron micrographs of areas in the vicinity of the indentation: diffuse microcracking, delamination, crack deflection, grain push-out, grain pull-out, and the buckling of individual grains.
Fatal wrong-way collisions on New Mexico's interstate highways, 1990-2004.

Medical examiner files from 1990 through 2004 were reviewed to identify fatalities caused by drivers traveling the wrong direction on interstate highways and identify risk factors and prevention strategies. Other fatal nonpedestrian interstate motor vehicle crashes served as a comparison group. Data abstracted included decedent demographics, driver/passenger status, seatbelt use, blood alcohol concentration, weather and light at time of occurrence, and types of vehicles involved. Of 1,171 total fatalities, 79 (6.7%) interstate motor vehicle fatalities were because of drivers traveling against the posted direction in 49 crashes, with 1 to 5 fatalities/crash. Wrong-way collisions were significantly more likely to occur during darkness (p < 0.0001) and involve legally intoxicated drivers (p < 0.0001). In 29/49 (60%) wrong-way crashes, alcohol was a factor. Prevention strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of driving while intoxicated, as well as improved lighting and signage at ramps, could help reduce the occurrence of fatal wrong-way collisions on interstates.
A multiple sub-carrier selection (MSCS) diversity architecture with reduced receiver complexity for wireless OFDM applications

A simple multiple sub-carrier selection (MSCS) diversity combining receiver architecture for 802.11 OFDM wireless applications is proposed. This architecture can improve the system diversity performance with nearly the hardware simplicity of selection combining. A complex analog filter bank is inserted into antenna RF front end, which is also part of channel selection filter. By detecting the power level at each complex filter output, we can choose the optimum band from each antenna filter to maximize the receiver signal output. The added hardware complexity of the analog/RF receiver is minimal, and only a single A/D and DFT block are required.
A quantitative estimate of nonsmokers' lung cancer risk from passive smoking

Abstract This work presents a quantitative assessment of nonsmokers' risk of lung cancer from passive smoking. The estimates given should be viewed as preliminary and subject to change as improved research becomes available. It is estimated that U.S. nonsmokers are exposed to from 0 to 14 mg of tobacco tar per day, and that the typical nonsmoker is exposed to 1.4 mg per day. A phenomenological exposure-response relationship is derived, yielding 5 lung cancer deaths per year per 100,000 persons exposed, per mg daily tar exposure. This relationship yields lung cancer mortality rates and mortality ratios for a U.S. cohort which are consistent to within 5% with the results of both of the large prospective epidemiological studies of passive smoking and lung cancer in the United States and Japan. Aggregate exposure to ambient tobacco smoke is estimated to produce about 5000 lung cancer deaths per year in U.S. nonsmokers aged ≥ 35 yr, with an average loss of life expectancy of 17 ± 9 yr per fatality. The estimated risk to the most-exposed passive smokers appears to be comparable to that from pipe and cigar smoking. Mortality from passive smoking is estimated to be about two orders of magnitude higher than that estimated for carcinogens currently regulated as hazardous air pollutants under the federal Clean Air Act.
Dynamic suppression of interface-state dark current in buried-channel CCDs

It is shown that the time dependence of the carrier generation rate at a depleted surface can be exploited to completely suppress interface-state dark current in buried-channel charge-coupled devices (CCDs). When a surface is switched from an inverted to a depleted state, the generation current recovers with a time constant which is strongly temperature dependent and varies from a few milliseconds at room temperature to nearly 3 h at -80 degrees C. This property can be applied to three- and four-phase CCDs by exchanging charge packets between adjacent phases within a cell at a rate that ensures that each phase remains out of inversion for time that is short in comparison to the recovery time. Measurements of this effect have been made on a CCD imager over the temperature range from -40 degrees C to +22 degrees C, and the results agree well with theory. >
Ethyl 3‐(10‐chloro­anthracen­yl)‐5‐(1‐phenyl‐2‐hydroxy­ethen­yl)isoxazole‐4‐carboxyl­ate: an enol produced by Dess–Martin oxidation

The title compound, C28H20ClNO4, is a very stable enol produced by a Dess–Martin oxidation, not the expected ketone. The enol form is stabilized by intra­molecular hydrogen bonding and the mol­ecules associate into dimers via weak C—H⋯N hydrogen bonding.
Reinforcement Learning for Link Adaptation in MIMO-OFDM Wireless Systems

Machine learning algorithms have recently attracted much interest for effective link adaptation due to their flexibility and ability to capture more environmental effects implicitly than classical adaptation algorithms. However, past applications are limited to rather simple configurations such as identifying channel condition or link adaptation in fixed or slowly varying channels. Recently, more sophisticated approaches using offline supervised learning have been proposed for link adaptation in complex configurations such as MIMO-OFDM. However, their time complexity and offline training phase hamper their real-world applicability. Approaches using online learning have shown good throughput performance, but the high memory requirement makes them inefficient or even impractical. In this paper, we propose a new effective online learning algorithm for link adaptation. Our computations show that the algorithm performs comparably to the existing online learning approaches, but ours requires minimal storage and time, which makes it more practical. Moreover it adapts to the change of channel distribution quickly.