cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Soft-tissue working cast

T h e development of the final cervical contours for porcelain-fused-to-gold crowns and the ponticresidual ridge relationship is generally a chairside procedure. The blanching of marginal gingiva at the try-in may indicate an overcontoured restoration. Eliminating most of the chairside recontouring may be possible when the ceramist uses a working cast that reproduces the gingival tissues. Reproducing the soft tissue in a pliable material will facilitate the production of clinically acceptable cervical contours and pontic-ridge relationships. Several prerequisites are necessary to make the soft-tissue working cast a viable treatment tool. Because the cast will reproduce the gingival tissues, it is imperative that the patient's periodontia be in optimum health. Provisional restorations which fulfill all the requirements of coronal or pontic contour must have been in clinical use long enough to make an evaluation of the gingival response and any necessary modifications possible. The casting try-in may be completed when the gingival tone is healthy. During the casting try-in, contour modifications which may be required on the lingual and proximal surfaces should be made. I f the facial contours of the provisional restorations are clinically acceptable, there should be no need to alter the facial of the casting. If blanching occurs on the facial surface at the casting try-in, a reevaluation of the provisional restoration as well as the preparation itself should be made. After all the castings have been fitted and proved clinically acceptable, the procedure to produce a soft-tissue working cast may be begun.
TU-SAMS-L100J-03: Optimizing CT Image Protocols With Respect To Quality and Radiation Dose

CT technology continues to develop at a rapid pace, offering imaging options and features that can dramatically improve image quality. Multichannel systems are now commonplace and the number of channels continues to increase, allowing greater coverage per rotation, shorter scan times, and thinner images. Isotropic volumetric data acquisition permits retrospective reconstructions of many different image thicknesses and reformats can be created through multiple planes. These and many other advances have escalated and expanded the utility of CTimaging as a core diagnostic tool. However, coupled with the improved CT technology is the increased complexity of operating the scanners and the elevated potential of increasing the radiation dose. CT operators must choose from multiple options, many of which are interdependent, for the control of the multitude of available features. The impact of each of these options on image quality and radiation dose can range from subtle to substantial, and may not necessarily be obvious to the operator. This lecture will focus on the clinical implications of CT scan parameters and provide guidance on achieving an optimal compromise between image quality and radiation dose when constructing CT scan protocols. Educational Objectives: 1. Understand the influence of primary CT scan parameters on image quality and radiation dose. 2. Learn how to use imaging task‐specific priorities with consideration for radiation dose when determining scanner settings.
Text storage and retrieval in the ORACLE relational database management system: design study and intended applications

A requirement has been recognised for some time for database software which provides both formatted data and free text management facilities. Applications in storage and retrieval of accounting data of market research presentations, and of catalogues of books, maps, drawings, and engineering components are identified. A joint development project between British Telecom New Information Services and Oracle Corporation UK Ltd will add text features to the established ORACLE relational database, and the scope of this system and the design approaches chosen are described.
An Efficient Algorithm Based on First Order Reliability Method for Fatigue Reliability Analysis of Mechanical Components

The method for fatigue reliability analysis of mechanical components using the First-Order Reliability Method (FORM) reconciles accuracy and efficiency requirements for random process reliability problems under fatigue failure. However, the algorithm for solving FORM is still complex and time consuming. In this paper, the FORM that utilizes an efficient search algorithm is proposed for reliability assessment of the strain-based fatigue life. Using the proposed method, a family of reliability-defined e-Nf curves, referred to as R-e-Nf curves, is constructed. An empirical mean stress modified strain-life equation is also used as the performance function. The primary focus of this effort has been the implementation of the new algorithm of FORM to define reliability factors used in modifying the conventional e-Nf curve to create a family of R-e-Nf curves, based on the unique reliability factor rule. The proposed method employs the inverse FORM algorithm to achieve computational results, including reliability and the corresponding fatigue life. The method enables the application of fatigue life design for a given cyclic stress and/or strain history. A numerical example is presented to demonstrate the proposed method.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Stress-Induced Shifts of First-Order Raman Frequencies of Diamond- and Zinc-Blende-Type Semiconductors

In this paper we report measurements of the effects of large static uniaxial stress along [001], [111], and [110] on the frequency of the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ optical phonons in Ge, GaAs, GaSb, InAs, and ZnSe using first-order Raman scattering. In the absence of stress, the first-order Stokes-Raman spectrum of diamond-type materials exhibits a single peak which corresponds to the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ triply degenerate optical phonons (${F}_{2g}$ or ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{{25}^{\ensuremath{'}}}$) while the zinc-blende materials exhibit two peaks, corresponding to the $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{\mathrm{k}}\ensuremath{\approx}0$ LO and TO phonons. The application of the uniaxial stress causes polarization-dependent splittings and/or shifts which are linear in the stress. From these observed splittings and shifts we have obtained experimental values for the phenomenological coefficients ($p, q, \mathcal{r}$) which describe the changes in the "spring constant" of these optical phonons with strain. Comparison of the experimental values is made with several theoretical considerations based on bond-stretching and bond-bending interactions between atoms. The shift due to the hydrostatic component of the strain yields a value for the mode-Gr\"uneisen parameter, which is compared with the results of hydrostatic-pressure measurements. For the zinc-blende-type materials, the doubly degenerate TO-phonon line exhibits both a splitting and shift with stress, while only a shift is observed for the singlet LO-phonon line. In the case of the III-V compounds, one of the split TO lines has a stress dependence equal to that of the LO-phonon line, while this is not the case for the group II-VI material (ZnSe) we have investigated. This latter result is interpreted in terms of the stress dependence of the effective charge.
Identification of cytoplasmic capping targets reveals a role for cap homeostasis in translation and mRNA stability

The notion that decapping leads irreversibly to messenger RNA (mRNA) decay was contradicted by the identification of capped transcripts missing portions of their 5' ends and a cytoplasmic complex that can restore the cap on uncapped mRNAs. In this study, we used accumulation of uncapped transcripts in cells inhibited for cytoplasmic capping to identify the targets of this pathway. Inhibition of cytoplasmic capping results in the destabilization of some transcripts and the redistribution of others from polysomes to nontranslating messenger ribonucleoproteins, where they accumulate in an uncapped state. Only a portion of the mRNA transcriptome is affected by cytoplasmic capping, and its targets encode proteins involved in nucleotide binding, RNA and protein localization, and the mitotic cell cycle. The 3' untranslated regions of recapping targets are enriched for AU-rich elements and microRNA binding sites, both of which function in cap-dependent mRNA silencing. These findings identify a cyclical process of decapping and recapping that we term cap homeostasis.
Pet attachment and personality type

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between personality type and pet attachment by administering the Keirsey Four Types Sorter and the Lexington Attachment to Pets Scale to 163 participants. Idealist personality types had significantly higher attachment scores than Rationals and Artisans, but not Guardians. Rationals, Artisans, and Guardians did not differ from each other on attachment scores. In addition, stronger attachments to target pets were observed as the length of time the respondents cared for the target pets or other pets increased and as the number of current pets increased. Pet attachment was not significantly related to gender, marital status, or pet preference (dog versus cat), while it was nonlinearly related to age.
Improved cosmological and radiative decay constraints on neutrino masses and lifetimes

The best upper bounds on the masses of stable and unstable light neutrinos derive from the upper bound on the total mass density, as inferred from the lower limit {ital t}{sub 0}{gt}13 Gyr on the dynamical age of the Universe: If the Universe is matter dominated, {ital m}{sub {nu}}{lt}35 (23){times}max(1,({ital t}{sub 0}/{tau}{sub {nu}}){sup 1/2}) eV, accordingly as a cosmological constant is (is not) allowed. The best bounds on the radiative decay of light neutrinos derive from the failure to observe prompt {gamma} rays accompanying the neutrinos from supernova 1987A: For any {ital m}{sub {nu}}{gt}630 eV, this provides a stronger bound on the neutrino transition moment than that obtained from red giants or white dwarfs. Our results improve on earlier cosmological and radiative decay constraints by an overall factor 20 and allow neutrinos more massive than 35 eV only if they decay overwhelmingly into singlet Majorons or other new particles with a lifetime less than one month. We review the 17-keV neutrino situation in order to stress that (1) its existence may be resolved by modest improvements in neutrino oscillation probabilities, and (2) double {beta} decay and nucleosynthesis constraints require that its massive partner be an active neutrino, but allow solarmore » neutrinos to oscillate into low-mass sterile neutrinos.« less
Permselective lipidpoly(o-phenylenediamine) coatings for amperometric biosensing of glucose

Abstract Highly selective biosensing of glucose is achieved by entrapping glucose oxidase into a composite poly( o -phenyl-enediamine)(PPD)-lipid layer. The composite layer, resulting from such immobilization scheme, combiens the size-exclusion sieving of PPD films with the hydrophobicity of lipid coatings. While maintaining highly sensitive and fast response towards the target glucose substrate, it strongly influences the transport and response of potential electroactive interferents. A dramatic improvement in the discrimination against ascorbic and uric acids and acetaminophen is thus accomplished. Factors affecting the behavior of the PPDlipidenzyme layer are elucidated and the analytical advantages are illustrated under batch and flow conditions.
The effect of cell-matrix interaction on parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor binding and PTH responsiveness in proximal renal tubular cells and osteoblast-like cells.

The interaction of cells with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) or basement membrane (BM) brings about profound changes in cellular biological responses, such as cell differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression. We studied the effect of ECM on PTH receptor binding and on biological responses mediated by PTH, in two cell preparations: 1) the proximal tubular OK opossum kidney cell line; and 2) MC3T3-E1 cells, a clonal line of nontransformed murine osteoblasts. Cells were plated on either plastic surfaces or on tissue culture dishes coated with specific ECM components. In both cell types plated on collagen-type IV (Col-IV), PTH receptor binding, on day 4 of culture, was markedly diminished, when compared with cells on plastic (approximately 45% inhibition, P < 0.01). In addition, Col-IV dose dependently inhibited cAMP generation stimulated by PTH (P < 0.001 vs. plastic), whereas cAMP generation by PGE2, cholera toxin, and forskolin was not altered. In Northern blot analysis, a PTH/PTH-relat...
Trends in ophthalmic manifestations of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a northern California pediatric population

Purpose To determine pediatric clinical trends of ocular and periocular methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a large northern California healthcare system. Methods This study was a retrospective cross-sectional review of all pediatric cases (aged 0-18) with culture-positive ophthalmic MRSA isolates identified between January 2002 and December 2009. Medical record review included history, presentation, infection site, acquisition (community or nosocomial), antibiotic sensitivity/resistance, treatment, and clinical outcome. Incidence was classified by year, sex, and age. Parameters were analyzed for statistical significance by trend and χ 2 analysis. Results A total of 399 ocular and periocular MRSA cases were included. Cases trended upward from 2002 to 2009, peaking in 2006. Of the 137 pediatric cases (0-18 years), 58% were community acquired. Conjunctivitis was the predominant presentation (40%), followed by stye/chalazion (25%), orbital cellulitis/abscess (19%), dacryocystitis (11%) and brow abscess (3%). Significant predictors for ocular infection with MRSA included male sex (61%), neonates (38%), and multiple infection sites on the body (38%). Resistance was high to bacitracin (80.9%) and ofloxacin (48.3%) but remained low for trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (8.7%). Topical therapy was effective in 29% of cases; oral antibiotics, in 47%. Intravenous therapy was required in 12% of cases and incision/drainage or surgery in 19%. Initial oral antibiotic treatment, primarily cephalosporins (24%), was ineffective in 37% of patients. There was a significant increase in resistance to antibiotic therapy ( P Conclusions Pediatric ocular and periocular MRSA is increasing in incidence and resistance in our patient population. Outcomes can be improved by early recognition, proper antibiotic selection, and obtaining cultures and sensitivities when resistant or severe ocular infections are present.
The Singing Tree: design of an interactive musical interface

This paper descrlws the designof the Singing Tree, a novel interactive musical intertlce which responds to vocai rnput with real-time aurai and visuai feedback. A participant interacts with the Singing Tree by singing into a micmphone. The participant’s voice is anaiyr.ed fcwseveral characteristic parameters.These parameters are then inteqmted and drive a music generation engine and a video which are played back m d-time. Several design spedcations and cxmstraints dictated the &veiopment of the Singing Tree. ‘l’heSinging Tree is used both as a pemonal interactive expaience ancl at the same timeias~of aiargermorhatd interactive experience caliedthe BrainOpera lEesumiaudvisuai feedbackisused actively to lead the participant to an established goai, providinga reward-orientedrelationshipbetweenthe sounds one makes and the synthesized music one hears. It is an interestingmusicai intention experiencefor both amateur and professional singers. The system softwate is fiexible, allowing new goais, new music, or new video to be
Testing associations between young children's relationships with mothers and teachers

The current study was conducted to examine associations between children's maternal attachments and the quality of their relationships with teachers at 3 time points. The quality of the teacher-child relationship at 54 months, kindergarten, and 1st grade was regressed on blocks of predictors that included maternal attachment at 15, 24, and 36 months. There were 4 main findings. First, insecure/other attachment was a negative predictor of the quality of the teacher-child relationship at all 3 time points. Second, avoidant attachment was a negative predictor of the quality of the teacher-child relationship at 54 months. Third, in kindergarten, avoidant children in more hours of school had better quality relationships with teachers than avoidant children in fewer hours. Fourth, there were associations among the quality of the teacher-child relationship at all 3 time points. Implications for practice are discussed.
OBSERVATIONS AT THE INNER EDGE OF THE JOVIAN CURRENT SHEET : EVIDENCE FOR A DYNAMIC MAGNETOSPHERE

Abstract It is widely recognized that Io, the innermost of the Galilean satellites, releases matter into the rapidly-rotating Jovian magnetosphere at rates that may be as high as a ton per second. Following ionization, this iogenic, heavy-ion plasma dominates the dynamics of the Jovian magnetosphere. On average this plasma must be lost at a rate that balances its generation but we do not know whether this process is steady or intermittent. Measurements by the Galileo magnetometer suggest that this process is unsteady. By estimating the magnetic and particle stresses from these observations, we further can derive a mass density profile that is consistent with earlier measurements of the current sheet density and that is consistent with estimates of the radial transport of mass in the middle Jovian magnetosphere.
Expression of Growth Hormone-Releasing Hormone and Its Receptor Splice Variants in Human Prostate Cancer

Antagonists of GHRH inhibit the growth of various human tumors, including prostate cancer, but the tumoral receptors mediating the antiproliferative effect of GHRH antagonists have not been clearly identified. Recently, we demonstrated that human cancer cell lines express splice variants (SVs) of receptors for GHRH, of which SV1 exhibits the greatest similarity to the pituitary GHRH receptors. In this study we investigated the expression of GHRH and SVs of GHRH receptor and the binding characteristics of the GHRH receptor isoform in 20 surgical specimens of organ-confined and locally advanced human prostatic adenocarcinomas. The mRNA expression of GHRH and SVs of GHRH receptor was investigated by RT-PCR. The affinity and density of receptors for GHRH were determined by ligand competition assays based on binding of 125 I-labeled GHRH antagonist JV-1-42 to tumor membranes. Twelve of 20 tumors (60%) exhibited specific, high affinity binding for JV-1-42, with a mean dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.81 nmol/liter and a mean maximal binding capacity of 185.2 fmol/mg membrane protein. The mRNA of SV1 was detected in 13 of 20 (65%) prostate cancer specimens and was consistent with the presence of GHRH binding. RT-PCR analyses also revealed the expression of mRNA for GHRH in 13 of 15 (86%) prostatic carcinoma specimens examined. The presence of GHRH and its tumoral receptor SVs in prostate cancers suggests the possible existence of an autocrine mitogenic loop. The antitumor effects of GHRH antagonists in prostate cancer could be exerted in part by interference with this local GHRH system. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87: 4707– 4714, 2002)
Aspartoacylase deficiency affects early postnatal development of oligodendrocytes and myelination

Canavan disease (CD) is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by a deficiency in the enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA). This enzyme has been localized to oligodendrocytes; however, it is still undefined how ASPA deficiency affects oligodendrocyte development. In normal mice the pattern of ASPA expression coincides with oligodendrocyte maturation. Therefore, postnatal oligodendrocyte maturation was analyzed in ASPA-deficient mice (CD mice). Early in development, CD mice brains showed decreased expression of neural cell markers that was later compensated. In addition, the levels of myelin proteins were decreased along with abnormal myelination in CD mice compared to wild-type (WT). These defects were associated with increased global levels of acetylated histone H3, decreased chromatin compaction and increased GFAP protein, a marker for astrogliosis. Together, these findings strongly suggest that, early in postnatal development, ASPA deficiency affects oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination.
Connected triangle-free m -step competition graphs

In 1968, Cohen presented competition graphs in connection with the study of ecological systems. Recently, Cho, Kim and Nam introduced a generalization called the m-step competition graph. In this paper, we characterize connected triangle-free m-step competition graphs on n vertices for m≥n. The analogous result follows for same-step competition graphs. We also demonstrate that the path on n vertices is an (n - 1)-step and an (n - 2)-step competition graph. Finally, we resolve a question of Cho, Kim and Nam on an inequality between 1-step and m-step competition numbers.
Combining time series models for forecasting

Abstract Statistical models (e.g., ARIMA models) have commonly been used in time series data analysis and forecasting. Typically, one model is selected based on a selection criterion (e.g., AIC), hypothesis testing, and/or graphical inspection. The selected model is then used to forecast future values. However, model selection is often unstable and may cause an unnecessarily high variability in the final estimation/prediction. In this work, we propose the use of an algorithm, AFTER, to convexly combine the models for a better performance of prediction. The weights are sequentially updated after each additional observation. Simulations and real data examples are used to compare the performance of our approach with model selection methods. The results show an advantage of combining by AFTER over selection in terms of forecasting accuracy at several settings.
Marginal biotin deficiency is teratogenic.

. Recent studies of biotin status during pregnancy provide evidence that a marginal degree of biotin develops in a substantial proportion of women during normal pregnancy. Several lines of evidence suggest that, although the degree of biotin deficiency is not severe enough to produce the classic cutaneous and behavioral manifestations of biotin deficiency, the deficiency is severe enough to produce metabolic derangements in women and that characteristic fetal malformations occur at a high rate in some mammals. Moreover, our analysis of data from a published multivitamin supplementation study provide significant albeit indirect evidence that the marginal degree of biotin deficiency that occurs spontaneously in normal human gestation is teratogenic. Investigation of potential mechanisms provides evidence that biotin transport by the human placenta is weak. Further, proliferating cells accumulate biotin at a rate five times faster than quiescent cells; this observation suggests that there is an increased biotin requirement associated with cell proliferation. Perhaps this requirement arises from the need to synthesize additional biotin-dependent holocarboxylases or provide additional biotin as a substrate for biotinylation of cellular histones. Reduced activity of the biotin-dependent enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase and propionyl-CoA carboxylase can cause alterations of lipid metabolism and might theoretically lead to alterations of polyunsaturated fatty acid and prostaglandin metabolism that derange normal skeletal development.
Hormonal Regulators of Appetite

Obesity is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. There has been a significant worsening of the obesity epidemic mainly due to alterations in dietary intake and energy expenditure. Alternatively, cachexia, or pathologic weight loss, is a significant problem for individuals with chronic disease. Despite their obvious differences, both processes involve hormones that regulate appetite. These hormones act on specific centers in the brain that affect the sensations of hunger and satiety. Mutations in these hormones or their receptors can cause substantial pathology leading to obesity or anorexia. Identification of individuals with specific genetic mutations may ultimately lead to more appropriate therapies targeted at the underlying disease process. Thus far, these hormones have mainly been studied in adults and animal models. This article is aimed at reviewing the hormones involved in hunger and satiety, with a focus on pediatrics.
Arecibo observatory report

During the program year ending on September 30, 2010, the Arecibo 305 m telescope was used for approximately 4,000 hours for astronomical observations with about 60% of the time devoted to large surveys primarily utilizing the ALFA 7-horn array. A structural problem limited telescope motion for most of the year but, as of early February 2011, has been repaired. A 12 m antenna was installed as a phase reference antenna to improve the efficiency of VLBI observations. Feasibility studies are underway for a 40-beam cooled phased array system as a successor to the ALFA system.
Characterization of adenosine receptors in bovine corneal endothelium

Abstract Previous studies indicated that adenosine can increase [cAMP]i and stimulate fluid transport by corneal endothelium. The purpose of this study was to determine which adenosine receptor subtype(s) are expressed and to examine their functional roles in modulating [cAMP]i, [Ca2+]i and effects on Cl− permeability in corneal endothelium. We screened bovine corneal endothelium (BCE) for adenosine receptor subtypes by RT-PCR and immunoblotting, and examined the effects of pharmacological agents on adenosine stimulated Cl− transport, [cAMP]i and [Ca2+]i. RT-PCR indicated the presence of A1 and A2b adenosine receptors, while A2a and A3 were negative. Western blot (WB) confirmed the presence of A2b (∼50 kDa) and A1 (∼40 kDa) in fresh and cultured BCE. Ten micromolar adenosine increased [cAMP]i by 2.7-fold over control and this was inhibited 66% by 10 μ m alloxazine, a specific A2b blocker. A1 activation with 1 μ m N6-CPA (a specific A1 agonist) or 100 n m adenosine decreased [cAMP]i by 23 and 6%, respectively. Adenosine had no effect on [Ca2+]i mobilization. Indirect immunofluorescence localized A2b receptors to the lateral membrane and A1 to the apical surface in cultured BCE. Adenosine significantly increased apical Cl− permeability by 2.2 times and this effect was nearly abolished by DMPX (10 μ m ), a general A2 blocker. Adenosine-induced membrane depolarization was also inhibited by 33% (n=6) in the presence of alloxazine. Bovine corneal endothelium expresses functional A1 and A2b adenosine receptors. A1, preferentially activated at m adenosine, acts to decrease [cAMP]i and A2b, activated at >1 μ m adenosine, increase [cAMP]i.
Improving structured data entry on mobile devices

Structure makes data more useful, but also makes data entry more cumbersome. Studies have found that this is especially true on mobile devices, as mobile users often reject structured personal information management tools because the structure is too restrictive and makes entering data slower. To overcome these problems, we introduce a new data entry technique that lets users create customized structured data in an unstructured manner. We use a novel notepad-like editing interface with built-in data detectors that allow users to specify structured data implicitly and reuse the structures when desired. To minimize the amount of typing, it provides intelligent, context-sensitive autocomplete suggestions using personal and public databases that contain candidate information to be entered. We implemented these mechanisms in an example application called Listpad. Our evaluation shows that people using Listpad create customized structured data 16% faster than using a conventional mobile database tool. The speed further increases to 42% when the fields can be autocompleted.
Long-term pulmonary sequelae of meconium aspiration syndrome.

To determine the incidence of long-term sequelae after meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS), we studied 11 children who had MAS at age 8.2±0.2 years (mean±SD) and nine healthy control subjects with pulmonary function and exercise stress tests. The MAS children had evidence of mild airway obstruction, hyperinflation, and increased closing volumes in comparison with control values. During graded exercise stress tests on a treadmill, MAS children achieved normal maximal oxygen consumption and anaerobic threshold without a significant fall in arterial oxygen saturation or increase in CO 2 tension. Exercise-induced bronchospasm occurred in four (36%) MAS subjects but in none of the control subjects. We conclude that children surviving MAS have long-term pulmonary sequelae, including airway obstruction, hyperinflation, elevated closing volumes, and airway hyperreactivity; yet they achieve normal aerobic capacity. These findings are similar, although less severe, than those after prematurity and bronchopulmonary dysplasia.
Variational formulation for the equilibrium condition of a conducting fluid in an electric field

In this paper the variational formalism is used to derive a set of equations describing the equilibrium configuration of a conducting fluid in an applied electric field. The validity of the variational equations is confirmed by application to the well-defined problem of concentric spherical electrodes. It is further shown that a cone, including the so-called Taylor cone used to model the equilibrium configuration of liquid metal ion sources, is inconsistent with the general equations. An analysis of the Taylor derivation suggests that reasons for the disagreement are the omission of the pressure difference term in the Laplace formula and use of only an approximate solution to the electrostatic cone problem. Finally a quasi-empirical method is suggested for the self-consistent solution of the variational equations.
Ibuprofen-associated meningitis in a woman with only serologic evidence of a rheumatologic disorder

ABSTRACT A case of ibuprofen-associated meningitis is reported in a previously healthy 26-year-old woman. The association was substantiated with a rechallenge. She had no symptoms of rheumatologic disease but had a markedly positive rheumatoid factor and a positive antibody to the intranuclear antigen SS-A.
The stability of sodium hypochlorite in the presence of surfactants

Studies were made on the stability of NaOCl at 40°C in the presence of sodium alkanesulfonate or alkylarenesulfonate anionic surfactants, and in the presence of a nonionic surfactant,N-octylpyrrolidinone. The results were compared with NaOCl stability in the absence of additives and in the presence of nonsurfactant short-chain sodium alkylbenzenesulfonates. The data indicated that the rate of NaOCl loss is greatly dependent upon the pH of the solution, even at alkaline pHs. At initial pHs below 11, in the absence of additive, there is significant disproportionation of OCl− to ClO 3 − , accompanied by decrease in the pH of the solution, within a period of several days. Even at an initial pH of 11.3, in the presence of the surfactants investigated, there is significant disproportionation of OCl− and decrease in the pH of the solution in the first several days. When the initial pH of the solution is 13.5, there is no significant decrease in pH of the solution for at least two months in the presence of the surfactants studied. NaOCl stability in the presence of surfactant decreases in the order: sodium linear alkanesulfonate > sodium linear alkyldiphenylethersulfonate > sodium linear alkylbenzenesulfonate >>N-octylpyrrolidinone. Stability was greater in the presence of linear alkylarenesulfonates than in the presence of branched alkylarenesulfonates. It is suggested that the differences in stability observed are due to the greater ease of oxidation of tertiary carbon atoms compared to primary or secondary atoms.
Antigens from the yeast phase of Histoplasma capsulatum. III. Isolation, properties, and activity of a protein-carbohydrate complex.

of purity (1-4). Some of the fractions (1,4) have been tested for their activity and specificity by complement-fixation methods with animal and human antiserums. Others have been assayed for such properties as protection (3) and allergic reactivity (2, 3). None of the antigens have, however, been identified as a single component or complex, and none have been analyzed for their physico-chemical characteristics. Although most of the immunologic activity of the yeast phase was associated with the cell wall (3), experiments were initiated to extract, purify, and characterize some of the antigens derived from autolyzed whole cells. In this paper, methods are described for the purification of an antigen which acts as a potent skin-test antigen in hypersensitive guinea pigs and humans, and which increases the resistance of mice to lethal
The Impact of Availability and Generosity of Subsidized Child Care on Low-Income Mothers' Hours of Work

ABSTRACT Under Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), states have considerable flexibility in setting child care subsidy program rules including eligibility requirements, subsidy payment methods, and co-payment rates. This paper analyzes the effects of variations in child care subsidy on low-income mothers' hours of work. It hypothesizes that variations in the availability (guaranteed transitional child care subsidy) and in the generosity (eligibility levels and co-payment requirement) of child care subsidy have significant impacts on low-income mothers' hours of work. Using the Current Population Survey (CPS) of 2005, it found that the eligibility levels of subsidy did have an impact on annual hours of work. When mothers who resided in stringent states were compared, those living in states with moderate and generous eligibility levels worked 186.2 hours and 174.31 hours more annually, respectively. The study also found that the odds of the mothers who lived in generous states working full-time a...
A note on a class of extensions

An extensionR⊆T of commutative integral domains is called a Δ0-extension, provided each intermediateR-module is actually an intermediate ring, and an extensionR⊆T is called quadratic if eacht∈T satisfies a monic quadratic polynomial overR. Our purpose is to investigate these extensions in the context of Prufer domains.
Ocular albinism in a male with del (6)(q13–q15): Candidate region for autosomal recessive ocular albinism?

We describe a boy with an interstitial deletion of 6(q13-q15) and include "coarse" facial features, upslanting palpebral fissures, thin vermilion border of the upper lip, elongated philtrum, developmental delay, and profound hypotonia. The child's eye findings, pedigree, paucity of maternal ocular changes, and lack of melanin macroglobules in the skin suggest that this individual's phenotype is clinically similar to that of autosomal recessive ocular albinism. Though it is possible that this deletion and his ophthalmic disorder are coincidental, we postulate that the ocular albinism may be due to hemizygosity for a paternally derived ocular albinism gene located on chromosome 6 in the region q13-q15. This patient's deletion is secondary to a recombination of a maternal intrachromosomal inverted insertion of this region. Of the 7 reported 6q1 deletions, this is the only case that is due to a familial chromosome rearrangement.
Current Concepts in the Management of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

The management of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has seen dramatic change over the past two decades. Improvements in clinical monitoring of disease progression, management of cardiac and pulmonary complications, and nutritional intervention have all led to decreases in co-morbidity commonly associated with DMD, and, as a consequence, quality of life and life expectancy of individuals with DMD have both continued to improve. This review will update the reader on current trends and recent advances in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of DMD, with a focus on reviewing pertinent current literature.
Talking about the Composing Process The Limitations of Retrospective Accounts

We are often suspicious of professional writers' comments about their composing processes because of the aspect of “literary performance.” But we should be equally wary of the accounts of student w...
Absorption and Excretion of Terramycin in Animals

Discussion and SummaryStudies on the absorption and excretion of terramycin in man will be reported by Werner and his associates(3) at an early date. The results obtained by these investigators agree, in general, with those reported herein. Terramycin and its salts are absorbed readily following either oral or parenteral administration. Terramycin in the amphoteric form is a highly insoluble compound. It is absorbed following oral or parenteral administration at an exceedingly slow rate. A comparative study of the chemotherapeutic action of terramycin and its salts in experimental infections in mice(l) have suggested that the slow absorption of this form of terramycin may be a valuable asset in the treatment of certain infections, provided a dosage form can be prepared which will permit its parenteral administration to humans. Studies are in progress, furthermore, to determine the extent to which this highly insoluble form of terramycin is excreted in the feces.Most satisfactory results have been obtained...
Self-Determination?: Juvenile Justice in One American Indian Community

In this article, the author discusses a relatively new system of juvenile justice in one American Indian community in the southwestern United States. A detention center operated by the tribal government, under contract with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, is at the center of this system. Using data collected from participant observation and interviews, the author analyzes the detention center as a “self-determination” program. The author discusses the relative isolation of this program, the lack of community understanding or support for its operation, and the conflict within and between juvenile justice agencies that plague this system. The author also explores the perspectives of community members regarding self-determination and justice for juveniles. The author concludes that the detention center, as a self-determination contract, does not represent meaningful self-government for the people in this Indian community.
A stochastic recirculation system with random access

Abstract A model for a stochastic recirculation system with randomly accessed multiple heterogeneous servers, no waiting rooms, and exponentially-distributed service times is provided. In this system the units are assigned to one of the servers upon arrival by random mechanism. Units which find all servers busy recirculate and combine with the incoming arrivals and join those already in the system to initiate the next cycle. The equilibrium behavior of the internal and external stochastic processes of the system is analyzed using a two parameter approximation. A simulation model is also developed and its behavior is compared against the analytical model at the steady state. The model with randomly-accessed servers is compared to a single server model already established in the literature. The performance of the model is then examined for a wide range of parameter values to obtain conclusions about its optimal performances.
FURTHER CONSIDERATION OF SIZE ILLUSIONS IN RANDOM DOT STEREOGRAMS

It has been suggested that many geometric illusions are caused by the application of depth or size constancy rules to an image which does not have sufficient cues to establish that the elements lie in a flat plane. Thus, converging lines are taken as depth cues, and the attributed depth provides the basis for adjusting the perceived size of stimulus elements. It this is the case, one should not see a distortion of relative size if the disparity cues provide for strong statification, i.e., localization in depth of the linear perspective cues. This expectation is challenged by demonstrations that show distortions of relative size using random-dot stereograms. In 1971 Julesz provided such examples but did not comment on the implications for theories of depth. Here we redemonstrate these distortion of length and size in autostereograms which contain the Ponzo and Corridor configurations. The illusory distortions can be seen in the cyclopean view even though the linear perspective elements are well stratified. We suggest that the processing of binocular disparity cues, as required for judgments of absolute distance, may involve the dorsal stream of vision, i.e., activity passing into and including the parietal lobe. Pictorial cues, on the other hand, are likely passed through the ventral stream into the temporal lobe. The analysis of depth by this system provides for size constancy and, possibly, the calibration of relative motion.
Evolving research and stakeholder perspectives on pharmacogenomics.

The past decade has been a time of important change in pharmacogenomics. There is an increasingly clear understanding of the relationship between genetic variation and drug response, low-cost testing technologies are becoming available, and pharmacogenomics is playing an increasing role in drug development. Key stakeholders in the U.S. healthcare system are responding to these changes in various fashions. In this commentary, we provide a brief overview of these developments.
Fibroblast alignment under interstitial fluid flow using a novel 3-D tissue culture model

Interstitial flow is an important component of the microcirculation and interstitial environment, yet its effects on cell organization and tissue architecture are poorly understood, in part due to the lack of in vitro models. To examine the effects of interstitial flow on cell morphology and matrix remodeling, we developed a tissue culture model that physically supports soft tissue cultures and allows microscopic visualization of cells within the three-dimensional matrix. In addition, pressure-flow relationships can be continuously monitored to evaluate the bulk hydraulic resistance as an indicator of changes in the overall matrix integrity. We observed that cells such as human dermal fibroblasts aligned perpendicular to the direction of interstitial flow. In contrast, fibroblasts in static three-dimensional controls remained randomly oriented, whereas cells subjected to fluid shear as a two-dimensional monolayer regressed. Also, the dynamic measurements of hydraulic conductivity suggest reorganization toward a steady state. These primary findings help establish the importance of interstitial flow on the biology of tissue organization and interstitial fluid balance.
Tailoring group membership consistency for mobile networks

Mobility and intermittent connectivity inject inaccuracy in determining group membership and exacerbate the time required to agree on the current group membership. In this paper, we present a group membership service based on partial member connectivity that allows members to agree on a shared approximation of the group membership based on local neighborhood connectivity. In particular, the consistency needs provided by the application determine the degree of consistency of the membership service and allow the membership service to tailor the neighborhood service in terms of fidelity ratio and time detection period.
Generation of geometric programs specified by diagrams

The GeoGram system [21]generates programs for geometric computations by combining generic software components as specified by diagrams constructed using a graphical interface. The user specifies known and desired quantities. As diagrams are constructed, the system maintains symbolic geometric facts describing the construction. Inferences based on the diagram are used to derive new facts and to introduce new objects based on geometric reasoning, to filter choices presented to the user, to interpret the user's intention in ambiguous cases, to detect over-specification, and to generate the program. A knowledge base of descriptions of generic software components is used to prove that features of the geometry can be computed from known values. These local proofs are combined to guide generation of a program that computes the desired values from inputs. The library of generic geometric program components is used to generate both in-line code and specialized subroutines; partial evaluation improves the efficiency of the generated code. The resulting program is automatically translated into the desired language. The program can also be run interactively to simulate the geometry by generating graphical traces on the diagram as input quantities are varied.
Simulation of a Costa Rican Watershed: Resolution Effects and Fractals

Simulation of runoff from the Navarro watershed in Costa Rica was undertaken using the U.S. Geological Survey's Precipitation Runoff Modeling System, developed and operated within the Modular Modeling System. A geographic information system (GIS) database of watershed characteristics, and GIS-based methodology for delineating modeling response units (MRU) were utilized to enhance the spatial representation of watershed features and physical processes. Simulations were carried out using a series of MRU resolutions (from 90 m2 to 1,260 m2) in order to determine the range through which the hydrologic response could be accurately modeled. Fractal characterization provided a method to measure the relationship of the MRU patterns (based primarily on land cover) at the different resolutions. The range of self-similarity of the MRU patterns, as determined by fractal characterization, was compared to the range of resolutions through which accurate hydrologic simulations were achieved. The results from this researc...
Quantification of graphene and graphene oxide in complex organic matrices

Interest is growing for graphene as a nanomaterial for electronic and composite applications. Increased production and use of graphene warrants development of strategies to detect and monitor its effect on human health and the environment. A quantification method using programmed thermal analysis (PTA) was developed for few-layer graphene (FLG) and graphene oxide (GO). FLG exhibited strong thermal stability, which allowed for easy detection in matrices consisting of thermally weaker background organic carbon. GO (50% oxygen content) exhibited a weaker thermal stability than FLG, making quantification more challenging in the presence of thermally similar background organic carbon. To resolve this, an in situ reduction method using a reducing agent (sodium borohydride) was developed to remove surface-bound oxygen from GO. This was used in combination with a digestate (SolvableTM) to create an optimized extraction method for recovering FLG and GO from complex organic matrices. FLG and GO will enter sewer systems due to their use by industry and in consumer products. We investigated the applicability of this method for quantifying FLG and GO in wastewater biomass because they are likely to accumulate in wastewater biosolids, as these are commonly the first exposure route for novel materials in the environment. Spiking 20 μg of FLG and GO into a 200 mg dried biomass L−1 wastewater solution resulted in recoveries of 52 ± 8% and 80 ± 6%, respectively. Results from this study can be applied to the development of extraction methods for graphene from similar complex organic matrices (e.g., lung tissue, in vitro/in vivo studies, algae, daphnia) to support a range of human and ecotoxicological studies.