cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spry1 Plays Selective Hematopoietic Roles as An Erythropoietin - Modulated Positive Regulator of Erythropoiesis.

Abstract 777 The four vertebrate Sprouty (Spry1-4) proteins are molecular adaptors, best known as negative regulators of MAP kinase activation mediated by FGFR, VEGFR and RET. Prior studies in human hematopietic stem cells and zebrafish implicated Spry proteins in stem cell development. Presently, we have ascertained the role of Spry1 in erythroid development using cellular models and in knockout mice. Treatment of UT7 erythropoietin-responsive cells led a strong increase in phosphorylation of Spry1 and Spry2 on critical N-terminal tyrosine sites of these proteins (Y53 and Y55, respectively). UT7 cells engineered to constitutively express Spry1 also demonstrated decreased ERK activation in response to erythropoietin treatment. Spry expression was measured in developing primary bone marrow (pro)erythroblasts by real time PCR. Spry1 was expressed most prominently in erythroblasts at a level 40 times higher than Spry 2-4. Furthermore, Spry1 expression rose markedly as erythroblasts matured. To determine the role of Spry1 in murine hematopoiesis, conditional, LoxP flanked allele of Spry1 was crossed with Mx1-Cre transgenic mice and Spry1 was deleted in murine marrow by injection of mice with poly pIpC. Efficient deletion of the Spry1 gene in murine marrow did not affect lymphocytes or granulocytes and selectively led to an increased reticulocyte count (8.9% +/- 0.2% in Spry1 deleted vs. 4.9 +/- 0.5% in control mice, p high , Ter119 pos precursors in Mx1-Cre; Spry1 flox/flox animals compared to Mx1-Cre;Spry1 flox/+ animals. In ex vivo expansion cultures, however, erythroid progenitors, were significantly compromised in their intrinsic capacity to form Kit neg CD71 high Ter119 neg and Kit neg CD71 high Ter119 pos erythroblasts. Collectively these data suggest that during hematopoiesis, SPRY1 acts selectively as a non-redundant novel positive effector of EPO- dependent red cell formation. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Hallucinogens in Drug Discrimination

Hallucinogens comprise a diverse collection of chemicals with multifarious receptor actions in the central nervous system. Preclinical drug screening methods have proven invaluable in the evaluation and characterization of hallucinogen psychopharmacology. Used in concert with structural chemistry and receptor pharmacology methods, preclinical drug discrimination research has informed our current understanding of hallucinogens and the neurochemical receptor mechanisms responsible for their interoceptive stimulus effects. This chapter summarizes the strengths and limitations of drug discrimination as an in vivo drug detection method and offers a brief review of historical and contemporary drug discrimination research with classical hallucinogens.
INTEGRATING EDUCATION AND WORK

ABSTRACT This paper explores the possibility that improved performance of both educational and economic institutions may be accomplished by closer integration of education and work. Limitations of programs designed only to improve transition from school to work are discussed. School-based productive activities, and education to support personal development in work settings, are described as potentially fruitful approaches.
Assessment of potential agricultural and short-rotation forest bioenergy crop establishment sites in Jackson County, Florida, USA

Abstract We present an analysis framework composed of a geospatial process that can be employed to identify suitable areas for increasing the supply of biomass material on landscapes that include a large number of private landowners. Our analysis estimated bare land and a broad open land class, and considered restrictions on bioenergy projects pertaining to soils, parcel size, landowner, and landowner residence. In our case study county within the southern United States, the public land area remaining after excluded areas were removed represented less than 1% of the non-excluded land in the county, and broader-classified, open areas comprised about 1% of the non-excluded land. About 30% of the non-excluded land in the county was located on privately-owned land. However, when logical restrictions were considered, this estimate was reduced by as much as 43 (open areas) to 50% (bare ground) of the non-excluded private lands. The analysis suggests that large reductions in estimates of potential land areas available for bioenergy production may be observed when realistic assumptions are placed on geospatial analyses of land.
A Comparison of High and Low-Proficiency Mands During Functional Communication Training Across Multiple Functions of Problem Behavior

Proficiency is a mand-specific variable that has been shown to affect treatment outcomes during functional communication training (FCT; i.e., Ringdahl et al. in Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 330–341, 2009). Although Ringdahl et al. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 30, 330–341 (2009) showed mand proficiency was predictive of FCT effectiveness, the study targeted a single function of problem behavior. Thus, questions remain about the extent to which mand proficiency is consistent across mands related to multiple functions of problem behavior during both pre-treatment mand topography assessments and subsequent FCT. We assessed mand proficiency via mand topography assessments with individuals with autism and histories of engagement in multiply maintained problem behavior. The results suggested that mand proficiency pertaining to specific mand topographies varied across functions of problem behavior. Next, we conducted FCT using high and low-proficiency mands across all functions of problem behavior. Idiosyncratic results were observed within and across functions of problem behavior with both participants in terms of the effects of high and low-proficiency mand topographies. Implications are discussed in terms of FCT and the selection of mand topographies to target during FCT.
ROLE OF A2 NEURONS IN CONTROL OF ARTERIAL PRESSURE IN RAT

ABSTRACT Selective lesions of terminals of A2 neurons in nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) by 6-OHDA in freely moving rat result in persistent lability of arterial blood pressure (AP) without changes in heart rate or mean AP and with preservation of baroreceptor reflexes. Electrolytic lesions restricted to A2 produce similar changes except for loss of baroreceptor reflexes. Catecholamines released by terminals of A2 neurons therefore appear to stabilize the AP possibly by acting in concert with baroreceptor reflex mechanisms.
Management of Device Infections

The rate of cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection has increased disproportionately to the rate of implantation. Expanded indications for CIED implantation combined with a sicker patient population contribute to this increased rate. Device-related infections are most commonly due to perioperative contamination, and infection risk increases in conjunction with procedural complexity. Early pocket re-exploration and upgrade procedures confer a higher infectious risk. Confirmed CIED infection requires prompt removal of the CIED system combined with antimicrobial therapy. Understanding the risks of CIED infection and using preventive measures are critical. It is hoped that emerging technologies will mitigate CIED infection rates.
Potential Recovery Actions from a Severe Accident in a PWR: MELCOR Analysis of a Station Blackout Scenario

Accident-tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding materials have been a focus of recent work to provide a greater resistance to fuel degradation, oxidation, and melting in light water reactors for beyond-desig...
Pediatric oncology and reproductive health.

Although it is well recognized that certain cancer treatments result in infertility, the impact of this condition specific to psychological, developmental, and behavioral outcomes among survivors of childhood cancer remains largely understudied. This book chapter provides a brief review of the cancer treatments most threatening to fertility, while aiming to summarize the literature regarding reproductive decision-making (including fertility preservation and procreation) in the pediatric and adolescent oncofertility context, along with the research on infertility-related psychological distress among survivors and their families. In terms of development, the impact that cancer and its treatment may have on a survivor’s identify as a romantic partner and/or parent is considered, while the relationship between perceptions of physical attractiveness and its impact on psychosexual development is presented. Behaviorally speaking, the relationship between cancer treatment in childhood and later sexual functioning in adulthood is reported for both males and females, and its implications for overall quality of life are discussed. Recommendations for clinicians are provided.
Vitamin D deficiency and electrocardiographic subclinical myocardial injury: Results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey-III.

BACKGROUND Association of cardiovascular disease (CVD) with nontraditional risk factors such as vitamin D deficiency has been examined previously. An investigation of the association of vitamin D with subclinical myocardial injury (SC-MI) based on an electrocardiographic score is a simple, cost-effective and innovative way to explore this relationship. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesize that low vitamin D levels will be associated with prevalent SC-MI independent of traditional CVD risk factors, lifestyle factors, and socioeconomic status. METHODS This analysis included 6079 participants (58.3 ± 13.1 years; 54.1% women) without CVD from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to examine the association between vitamin D categories ( 30 ng/mL (reference) and cardiac injury score. RESULTS There was an incremental increase in the prevalence of SC-MI across vitamin D categories with the highest prevalence in 30 ng/mL (trend P-value <0.0001). There was a statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) and SC-MI (odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]): 1.27 (1.04-1.55), P = 0.04). This association was stronger in men than women (OR (95% CI): 1.74 (1.32-2.30) vs 0.94 (0.70-1.25) respectively; interaction P-value 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is associated with SC-MI, especially in men. These findings may further highlight the role of nontraditional risk factors in the development of CVD. The value of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of myocardial ischemia and injury may warrant investigation.
Modeling 3-D diffusion using queueing networks.

Abstract The objective of this paper is to propose and then validate a new method for simulating molecular diffusion in a 3-D environment. Diffusion governing principles of Brownian motion have been discovered by Einstein and Smoluchowski. In a classical approach, diffusion is modeled using partial differential equations. However, solving those, even using numerical methods is usually time consuming, particularly in the case of an inhomogeneous environment. In this paper, we propose to use queueing networks to model diffusion of molecules as governed by Fick’s law. The proposed model has been validated using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to compare results obtained from a simulation with theoretical standard deviations resulting from Einstein-Smoluchowski’s approach.
Long-Term Results of a 2-Stage Exchange Protocol for Periprosthetic Joint Infection Following Total Hip Arthroplasty in 164 Hips.

Background Limited data exist that show the long-term risks of reinfection and mechanical failure with a contemporary 2-stage exchange protocol for periprosthetic joint infection following total hip arthroplasty. The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term reinfection and mechanical failure rates of 2-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection after total hip arthroplasty. Methods We identified 164 hips (162 patients) with infection after total hip arthroplasty between 1991 and 2006 treated with a 2-stage exchange protocol with no prior treatment for periprosthetic joint infection. With regard to Musculoskeletal Infection Society diagnostic criteria, at least 1 major criterion or 4 of 6 minor criteria were fulfilled in 129 hips (79%). The cumulative incidence with a competing risk of death was calculated for reinfection, aseptic revisions, and all-cause revisions. The risk factors for reinfection were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards regression. Harris hip scores were calculated. The mean age at the time of spacer insertion was 68 years, and 35% of the patients were female. Excluding the patients with Results The cumulative incidence of recurrence of infection was 10% at 1 year, 14% at 5 years, and 15% at 10 and 15 years. Seventeen patients (11%) used chronic antibiotic suppression (>6 months), with 7 (41%) of these having recurrent infection at the time of the latest follow-up. Use of chronic antibiotic suppression was the only predictive factor for reinfection (hazard ratio, 4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.9 to 10.9]; p = 0.001). The cumulative incidence of aseptic femoral and acetabular revisions was 2.6% at 5 years and 3.3% at 10 and 15 years. The cumulative incidence of all-cause revisions was 15% at 5 years and 16% at 10 and 15 years. Dislocation was the most common complication, with 28 dislocations occurring in 20 patients (12%). The mean Harris hip score improved from 52 points prior to spacer insertion to 70 points at 15 years after reimplantation (p Conclusions The rate of recurrence of infection of 15% for up to 15 years after total hip arthroplasty was similar to previous shorter-term reports of 2-stage exchange for periprosthetic joint infection. Surgeons should anticipate mitigating instability after reimplantation. Implant survivorship free of aseptic loosening and clinical outcomes were preserved for the long term. The role of chronic antibiotic suppression in the long-term treatment of periprosthetic joint infection requires further investigation. Level of evidence Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Myosin heavy chain isoform patterns do not correlate with force-velocity relationships in pulmonary arterial compared with systemic arterial smooth muscle.

Velocity of shortening is dependent on the myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform pattern in both skeletal and cardiac muscle (Pagani and Julian, 1984). Furthermore, it has been reported that a shift in MHC isoform ratio occurs with certain physiological or pathophysiological changes such as hypertrophy and/or hyperplasia of striated muscles (Litten et al., 1974). Such shifts in MHC isoform proportions accompany concomitant changes in shortening velocity and ATPase activity (Alpert et al., 1979; Alpert and Mulieri, 1980). At least two different MHC isoforms have been reported to exist in various different smooth muscles (Sparrow et al., 1987). The 200 kDa form and the 204 kDa form have been designated MHC1 and MHC2, respectively. The ratio of MHC1:MHC2 has been shown to vary dependent on smooth muscle type, animal species, stage of development, and under certain different physiological or pathophysiological conditions for the same muscle type (Sparrow et al., 1987; Mohammed and Sparrow, 1988). However, no functional correlation has yet been made between MHC isoform ratio and shortening velocity for smooth muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare force-velocity (F-V) relationships and MHC isoform ratios from two different arterial muscles (pulmonary versus caudal) from the same species (rat).
Management of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis and challenges of trial design.

Purpose of reviewHighlight recent data in lung and breast cancer leptomeningeal disease and address clinical trials that are open for patients.Recent findingsPatients with lung and breast cancer leptomeningeal disease have survival outcomes of less than 1 year, despite advances in treatment strategy
Targeting the Kynurenine Pathway for the Treatment of Cisplatin-Resistant Lung Cancer

Cisplatin resistance is a major barrier in the effective treatment of lung cancer. Cisplatin-resistant (CR) lung cancer cells do not primarily use glucose but rather consume amino acids such as glutamine and tryptophan (Trp) for survival. CR cells activate the kynurenine (KYN) pathway (KP) to cope with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintain homeostasis for growth and proliferation. Consequently, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase-1 (IDO1) becomes an essential enzyme for CR cells' survival because it initiates and regulates the first step in the KP. Increased IDO1 activities and ROS levels are found in CR cells versus cisplatin-sensitive lung cancer. Importantly, significantly greater KYN/Trp ratio (P = 0.005) is detected in serum of patients who fail cisplatin when compared with naive treatment. Knocking down IDO1 using shRNA or IDO1 inhibitors heightens ROS levels and results in a significant growth inhibitory effect only on CR cells and not on cisplatin-sensitive cells. Exposing CR cells to antioxidant (TIRON) results in suppression of IDO1 activity and confers resistance to IDO1 inhibition, indicating an interrelationship between ROS and IDO1. Because KYN plays a critical role in reprogramming naive T cells to the immune-suppressive regulatory T-cell (T-reg) phenotype, we observed higher expression of TGFβ, FoxP3, and CD4+CD25+ in mice bearing CR tumors compared with tumors from cisplatin-sensitive counterparts. IMPLICATIONS: Findings suggest that the enzyme-inhibitory activity and antitumor efficacy of IDO1 inhibitors rely in part on ROS levels, arguing that IDO1 expression alone may be insufficient to determine the clinical benefits for this class of experimental cancer drugs. Importantly, IDO1 inhibitors may be more suitable to treat patients with lung cancer who failed cisplatin therapy than naive treatment patients.
Achieving Inclusive Excellence in Kinesiology: Insights, Strategies, and Perspectives

ABSTRACTInclusive Excellence (IE) serves as the central topic of the 28th annual Delphine Hanna Commemorative Lecture. Moreover, the professional accomplishments of Delphine Hanna, a kinesiology tr...
Multiple Start Branch and Prune Filtering Algorithm for Nonconvex Optimization.

Automatic control systems, electronic circuit design, image registration, SLAM and several other engineering problems all require nonconvex optimization. Many approaches have been developed to carry out such nonconvex optimization, but they suffer drawbacks including large computation time, require tuning of multiple unintuitive parameters and are unable to find multiple local/global minima. In this work we introduce multiple start branch and prune filtering algorithm (MSBP), a Kalman filtering-based method for solving nonconvex optimization problems. MSBP starts off with a number of initial state estimates, which are branched and pruned based on the state uncertainty and innovation respectively. We show that compared to popular methods used for solving nonconvex optimization problems, MSBP has fewer parameters to tune, making it easier to use. Through a case study of point set registration, we demonstrate the efficiency of MSBP in estimating multiple global minima, and show that MSBP is robust to initial estimation error in the presence of noise and incomplete data. The results are compared to other popular methods for nonconvex optimization using standard datasets. Overall MSBP offers a better success rate at finding the optimal solution with less computation time.
From ‘20. and odd’ to 10 million: the growth of the slave population in the United States

This research note describes the growth of the slave population in the United States and develops several new measures of its size and growth, including an estimate of the total number of slaves who ever lived in the United States. Estimates of the number of births and slave imports are provided in ten-year increments between 1619 and 1860 and in one-year increments between 1861 and 1865. The results highlight the importance of natural increase to the rapid growth of the U.S. slave population and indicate that approximately 10 million slaves lived in the United States, where they contributed 410 billion hours of labor. A concluding discussion highlights a few descriptive statistics historians might find useful, including the cumulative number of slaves who lived in the United States by decade and the proportion of slaves who were living at various moments in U.S. history, including shortly after the ratification of the Constitution in 1788 and at the start of the American Civil War in 1861.
Complete Genome Sequences of Seven Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated from Postmenopausal Women with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection.

ABSTRACT Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common cause of urinary tract infection (UTI). This disease disproportionately affects women and frequently develops into recurrent UTI (rUTI) in postmenopausal women. Here, we report the complete genome sequences of seven UPEC isolates obtained from the urine of postmenopausal women with rUTI.
Micro Raman spectroscopy for characterizing molecular contamination on space flight hardware

In the field of contamination control, many unknowns exist. Often, contamination control engineers have to utilize multiple spectroscopic, macroscopic, and microscopic tools to identify contamination sources when there is a potential contamination exposure to space flight hardware. Understanding the chemical composition of the molecular contamination provides an opportunity for contamination control engineers to determine if this contamination is problematic or benign. In this study, an existing witness plate program for monitoring space flight hardware during the assembly, integration, and testing phases is coupled with micro Raman spectroscopy analysis. The main goal of this study is to determine the limitations, reproducibility, and throughput of micro Raman spectroscopy for characterizing molecular contamination. Micro Raman Spectroscopy will be an additional tool used by contamination control engineers to monitor the cleanliness of space flight hardware.
Management of prostate cancer after holmium laser enucleation of the prostate.

Abstract Introduction Holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) is effective in treating lower urinary tract symptoms from prostatic disease. We investigate the role of HoLEP in the management of patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) and prostate cancer (CaP). Methods Retrospective review of data regarding all patients undergoing HoLEP at a single institution was performed. Pre- and postoperative PSA, multiparametric MRI, and pathology results were analyzed for those with CaP identified prior to or incidentally at HoLEP. Results From February 2016 to February 2020, 201 patients underwent HoLEP. Twelve patients had CaP diagnosed before HoLEP: 6 patients with GG1 are on active surveillance (AS), 3 of 4 intermediate-risk patients are on AS and 1 received treatment for disease progression, and both high-risk CaP patients achieved symptomatic benefit from HoLEP and are receiving systemic therapy for CaP. Twenty-one patients (11.1%) with incidentally detected CaP at HoLEP remain on AS or watchful waiting based on clinical scenario. Conclusion Screening for CaP in HoLEP candidates with PSA and MRI is recommended given that >10% will have incidental CaP. After HoLEP for BPH/LUTS, patients with CaP can be surveilled with PSA and/or MRI. Further investigation is warranted to determine the durability of success of these approaches.
A Cost-Effective Task Trainer for Complex Lip Laceration Repair.

Facial laceration repair is a common emergency department procedure with important cosmetic implications for patients. In instances where the vermillion border is violated special attention must be paid to accurate opposition, as little as 1 mm of misalignment can result in poor cosmetic results. We sought to construct and evaluate an affordable, effective, and easily reproduced simulation trainer of full-thickness lip laceration requiring vermillion border repair primarily for Emergency Medicine resident education. To accomplish this we utilized microfoam tape, 4x4 gauze, self-adherent wrap, and markers to simulate a multi-layered lip laceration with vermillion border involvement. The microfoam tape with gauze folded on top of itself simulates the orbicularis oris muscle and subcutaneous fat layer. The self-adherent gauze covered by an additional piece of microfoam tape simulates the dermal/epidermal junction. This training model can be attached to an upside-down emesis basin with tape and then trainees can practice appropriate repair techniques. This task trainer was then utilized in our scheduled, simulation didactic sessions with Vanderbilt University Medical Center's Emergency Medicine residents. In total, 23 PGY 1-3 EM residents participate in the session. Nineteen (83%) completed an anonymous reporting survey rating features of the didactic on a five-point Likert scale. Resident comfort level performing the procedure prior to the teaching session was fair (mean 2.53 {SD 1.04}) and afterward significantly higher (mean 4.31 {SD 0.57}) P <0.0001. The task trainer was highly rated (mean 4.74 {SD 0.55}) and the overall didactic was also very highly rated (mean 4.84 {SD 0.50}). The model we have described here can be constructed in minutes from supplies that are readily available in any healthcare setting and was rated by residents to substantially improve procedural confidence in regards to complex lip laceration repair.
Planning for Natural Language Failures with the AI Playbook

Prototyping AI user experiences is challenging due in part to probabilistic AI models making it difficult to anticipate, test, and mitigate AI failures before deployment. In this work, we set out to support practitioners with early AI prototyping, with a focus on natural language (NL)-based technologies. Our interviews with 12 NL practitioners from a large technology company revealed that, in addition to challenges prototyping AI, prototyping was often not happening at all or focused only on idealized scenarios due to a lack of tools and tight timelines. These findings informed our design of the AI Playbook, an interactive and low-cost tool we developed to encourage proactive and systematic consideration of AI errors before deployment. Our evaluation of the AI Playbook demonstrates its potential to 1) encourage product teams to prioritize both ideal and failure scenarios, 2) standardize the articulation of AI failures from a user experience perspective, and 3) act as a boundary object between user experience designers, data scientists, and engineers.
SAT0617 PRESENCE OF ANTI-BETA2-GLYCOPROTEIN-1 IGA ANTIBODIES MODERATES THE EFFECT OF INFLAMMATORY BURDEN ON CORONARY PLAQUE PROGRESSION IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Background Beta2-glycoprotein-1 (b2GPI), an apolipoprotein abundant in human plasma, is readily expressed in human atherosclerotic plaque. High frequencies of anti-b2GPI-IgA antibodies have been previously reported in both Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and controls; their presence has been independently predictive of cardiovascular events in general patients. Objectives We explored the role of a-b2GPI-IgA presence and their interaction with inflammatory load on occult coronary plaque progression in patients with RA. Methods One hundred-one participants with a baseline plaque evaluation with coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) underwent follow-up assessment within 83±3.6 months. Coronary artery calcium (CAC) was quantified by the Agatston method. Subclasses (IgG, IgM, and IgA) of a-b2GPI Ab, anticardiolipin-Ab (ACL) and lupus anticoagulant (LA) were assessed on the day of baseline CCTA and reconfirmed 12 weeks later, if positive. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured at baseline scan, while CRP was assessed on every clinic visit from baseline through follow-up scan. Multivariate linear regression models evaluated predictors of CAC progression; predictors entered as continuous variables included baseline CAC, age, waist-to-height ratio (obesity index), cumulative prednisone dose, years exposure to bDMARDs, statins and baseline IL-6 or time-averaged CRP. Gender, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and a-b2GPI-IgA positivity were entered as dichotomous independent variables. Specific interactions between a-b2GPI-IgA presence (predictor) and time-averaged CRP or baseline IL-6 (moderator) where explored; the conditional effects of the predictor at values of the moderator and significance regions were defined with the Johnson-Neyman test. Results A-b2GPI-IgA antibodies were highly prevalent (34.7%) in contrast to other antiphospholipid-Ab subclasses ( 4.66pg/ml and time-averaged CRP> 0.76mg/dl both associated with significantly higher CAC progression in a-b2GPI-IgA positive patients but not in negative ones (figure 1). Conclusion A-b2GPI-IgA antibodies independently contributed to occult coronary plaque progression in RA and specifically moderated the effect of inflammation on progression of atherosclerotic burden. Tight control of inflammation may be particularly important in Ab positive patients in order to prevent coronary plaque progression; additionally, a-b2GPI-IgA presence may serve as a predictive biomarker for atherosclerosis progression, especially in the context of higher inflammatory state. Disclosure of Interests George Karpouzas Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Consultant for: Sanofi-Genzyme-Regeneron, Janssen, Roche-Genentech, Pfizer, Speakers bureau: BMS, Sanofi-Genzyme-Regeneron, Janssen, Roche-Genentech, Sarah Ormseth: None declared, Elizabeth Hernandez: None declared, Matthew Budoff: None declared
Changing Frames of Reference and Regulatory Structures: French Airport Policy in Transition

Changes in the regulatory state, the privatization of network industries in Europe and in air transport have led to a redefinition of how airports are regulated. The French model of state ownership and regulation of airports became progressively out of step with a broader European market-oriented frame of reference. A new French sectoral frame of reference was developed and became public policy in 2005. A cognitive analysis identifies the key factors and actors responsible for this shift. This article explores the nature of the changes made to adapt the French model to a European framework and examines the influence of foreign models of regulation on the design of the French model. Finally, it suggests that features of the European frame of reference for regulatory structures have been adapted within France.
Self-consistent field theory study of polymer-mediated colloidal interactions in solution: Depletion effects and induced forces.

Polymer-mediated colloidal interactions control the stability and phase properties of colloid–polymer mixtures that are critical for a wide range of important applications. In this work, we develop a versatile self-consistent field theory (SCFT) approach to study this type of interaction based on a continuum confined polymer solution model with explicit solvent and confining walls. The model is formulated in the grand canonical ensemble, and the potential of mean force for the polymer-mediated interaction is computed from grand potentials. We focus on the case of non-adsorbing linear polymers and present a systematic investigation on depletion effects using SCFT. The properties of confined polymer solutions are probed, and mean-field profiles of induced interactions are shown across different physical regimes. We expose a detailed parametric dependence of the interaction, concerning both attractive and repulsive parts, on polymer concentration, chain length, and solvent quality and explore the effect of wall surface roughness, demonstrating the versatility of the proposed approach. Our findings show good agreement with previous numerical studies and experiments, yet extend prior work to new regimes. Moreover, the mechanisms of depletion attraction and repulsion, along with the influence of individual control factors, are further discussed. We anticipate that this study will provide useful insights into depletion forces and can be readily extended to examine more complex colloid–polymer mixtures.
Rover traverse-optimizing planner for multi-objective deployment scenarios

Currently, traverse/mission planning for deployed rovers (e.g., on Mars) requires planetary scientists to spend many hours in laborious surface terrain analysis, with the goal of minimizing some traverse aspects (e.g., distance) and maximizing others (e.g., smoothness). This is a largely manual process, and the results are at best functional compromises balancing the various potentially mutually exclusive optimization goals. The Rover Traverse Optimizing Planner (RTOP) introduced here is an automated system which generates optimized traverses using a multivariate stochastic optimization algorithm based on terrain data. RTOP makes it possible to quickly and accurately generate traverses optimized in numerous simultaneous constraints, such as: lowest number of deployment segments, shortest traverse based on 3D Euclidian distance measure, smoothest traverse with respect to terrain roughness, least altitude change, or any combination of these. Additional constraints which are supported by the terrain data can be added directly to the system. Waypoints (as well as avoidance points) can be assigned to each traverse, and numerous alternate (Pareto-optimal) traverses can be generated for each deployment scenario. Depending on ground-truth in-situ assessment of terrain data traversability by a deployed rover (e.g., Curiosity), RTOP allows for frequent replanning of traverses/missions.
Magnetization current of a thin layer of Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0Oy near silver in Ag-sheathed BSCCO-2223 tapes

The thin superconducting region next to the silver sheath in Ag-sheathed BSCCO-2223 tapes, which appears to be the high critical current density region was studied. Magnetic hysteresis measurements were performed on the 10 mu m thin layer of Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0Oy near the silver sheath as a function of temperature, intensity, and orientation of the applied field with respect to the tape. The full penetration depth, B*, for a superconducting slab was found to have a power law dependence on temperature. Correlating the magnetic and transport measurements for the 10 mu m thin layer of Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2.0Ca2.2Cu3.0Oy near the silver sheath showed that the 'self-field' for a transport critical current of 20 A at liquid nitrogen temperature was approximately 0.04 T. Magnetization currents as a function of temperature and applied field oriented parallel and orthogonal to the thickness dimension of the tape, Jc( mu 0Happ, T), were determined from the magnetization loop width using a Bean model expression adapted for an orthorhombic sample. Only Jc( mu 0Happ, T) values for an applied magnetic field greater than B* were calculated. Jc values that were one order of magnitude higher than those previously reported were obtained.
Kβ spectra of heliumlike iron from tokomak-fusion-test-reactor plasmas

[ital K][beta] spectra of heliumlike iron, Fe XXV, have been observed from tokamak-fusion-test-reactor (TFTR) plasmas with a high-resolution crystal spectrometer. The wavelength range of the Fe [ital K][beta] spectrum partially overlaps the spectrum of heliumlike nickel (Ni XXVII), which is used on TFTR and the joint European torus for ion-temperature measurements. The experimental arrangement made it possible to observe the Fe XXV [ital K][beta] lines and their satellite transitions of the type 1[ital s]2[ital l][prime]3[ital l][prime][prime][r arrow]1[ital s][sup 2]2[ital l][prime], as well as the entire satellite spectrum of the Ni XXVII [ital K][alpha] line simultaneously. In order to identify the features of the [ital K][beta] spectra and to study their possible interference with the Ni XXVII spectrum, the intensity of the [ital K][beta] spectrum was enhanced by the injection of iron into the plasma. Accurate wavelengths and intensities have been obtained and compared with different theoretical calculations.
Observational constraints on Arctic Ocean clouds and radiative fluxes during the early 21st century

[1] Arctic Ocean observations are combined to create a cloud and radiation climatology for the early 21st century (March 2000 to February 2011). Data sources include: active (CloudSat, CALIPSO) and passive (MODIS) satellite cloud observations, observed top-of-atmosphere (TOA) radiative fluxes (CERES-EBAF), observationally constrained radiative flux calculations (2B-FLXHR-LIDAR), and observationally constrained cloud forcing calculations (CERES-EBAF, 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR). Uncertainty in flux calculations is dominated by cloud uncertainty, not surface albedo uncertainty. The climatology exposes large geographic, seasonal, and interannual variability cloud forcing, but on average, Arctic Ocean clouds warm the surface (+10 W m−2, in 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR) and cool the TOA (−12 W m−2, in CERES-EBAF and 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR). Shortwave TOA cloud cooling and longwave TOA cloud warming are stronger in 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR than in CERES-EBAF, but these two differences compensate each other, yielding similar net TOA values. During the early 21st century, summer TOA albedo decreases are consistent with sea ice loss but are unrelated to summer cloud trends that are statistically insignificant. In contrast, both sea ice variability and cloud variability contribute to interannual variability in summer shortwave radiative fluxes. Summer 2007 had the largest persistent cloud, radiation, and sea ice anomalies in the climatology. During that summer, positive net shortwave radiation anomalies exceeded 20 W m−2 over much of the Arctic Ocean. This enhanced shortwave absorption resulted primarily from cloud reductions during early summer and sea ice loss during late summer. In summary, the observations show that while cloud variability influences absorbed shortwave radiation variability, there is no summer cloud trend affecting summer absorbed shortwave radiation.
Persistent eIF2α(P) is colocalized with cytoplasmic cytochrome c in vulnerable hippocampal neurons after 4 hours of reperfusion following 10-minute complete brain ischemia

Upon brain reperfusion following ischemia, there is widespread inhibition of neuronal protein synthesis that is due to phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), which persists in selectively vulnerable neurons (SVNs) destined to die. Other investigators have shown that expression of mutant eIF2α (S51D) mimicking phosphorylated eIF2α induces apoptosis, and expression of non-phosphorylatable eIF2α (S51A) blocks induction of apoptosis. An early event in initiating apoptosis is the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, and cytochrome c release corresponds to the selective vulnerability of hippocampal CA1 neurons in rats after transient global cerebral ischemia. At present the signaling pathways leading to this are not well defined. We hypothesized that persistent eIF2α(P) reflects injury mechanisms that are causally upstream of release of cytochrome c and induction of apoptosis. At 4 h of reperfusion following 10-min cardiac arrest, vulnerable neurons in the striatum, hippocampal hilus and CA1 showed colocalized intense immunostaining for both persistent eIF2α(P) and cytoplasmic cytochrome c, while resistant neurons in the dentate gyrus and elsewhere did not immunostain for either. A lower intensity of persistent eIF2α(P) immunostaining was present in cortical layer V pyramidal neurons without cytoplasmic cytochrome c, possibly reflecting the lesser vulnerability of this area to ischemia. We did not observe cytoplasmic cytochrome c in any neurons that did not also display persistent eIF2α(P) immunostaining. Because phosphorylation of eIF2α during early brain reperfusion is carried out by PERK, these findings suggest that there is prolonged activation of the unfolded protein response in the reperfused brain.
Fragmentation of Some Hydrazino- and Hydroxylaminohalophosphines Under Electron Impact

Abstract During the past several years compounds containing P-N bonds have been the object of a number of investigations,2 many of them motivated by the conjecture that pπ-dπ bonds can form between these two atoms. Recently the behavior of the halophosphonitriles,3–6 whose bonding is thought to involve extensive pπ-dπ delocalization,7 and the aminohalo-phosphines,8 which contain only a single P-N fragment, toward electron bombardment has been described. Since the framework over which π bonding can occur in the hydrazino- and hydroxylaminohalophosphines9 is intermediate between these other two classes of compounds we would like to report comparable studies for these latter compounds.
Preoperative Predictors of Weight Loss Following Bariatric Surgery: Systematic Review

Background Obesity affects 32% of adults in the USA. Surgery generates substantial weight loss, but 20–30% fails to achieve successful weight loss. Our objective was to identify preoperative psychosocial factors associated with weight loss following bariatric surgery.
Optical studies of thermal cycling and hysteresis effects in elastic order-disorder phase transformations. II. Cyanide-diluted and mixed alkali-metal cyanide crystals.

The order-disorder transformations and related hysteresis effects in various mixed alkali-metal halide cyanide crystals are studied by exploiting the light-scattering properties of their multi-domain ordered structures. These studies are performed on three cyanide-diluted systems, ${\mathrm{KCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{KBr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$, ${\mathrm{KCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{KCl}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$, and ${\mathrm{RbCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{RbBr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$, and on two mixed alkali cyanide systems, ${\mathrm{NaCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{KCN}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ and ${\mathrm{KCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{RbCN}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$. It is found that the amount of light scattering in some of these mixed crystals depends upon the prevailing crystal structure at particular temperatures and concentrations. This allows us to obtain phase boundaries for the (x,T) phase diagrams which, for the particular cases of the ${\mathrm{KCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{KBr}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ and ${\mathrm{KCN}}_{\mathrm{x}}$:${\mathrm{KCl}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ mixed crystals, are in good agreement with independent results from neutron and x-ray diffraction studies.
Membrane electrical excitability is necessary for the free-running larval Drosophila circadian clock.

Drosophila larvae and adult pacemaker neurons both express free-running oscillations of period (PER) and timeless (TIM) proteins that constitute the core of the cell-autonomous circadian molecular clock. Despite similarities between the adult and larval molecular oscillators, adults and larvae differ substantially in the complexity and organization of their pacemaker neural circuits, as well as in behavioral manifestations of circadian rhythmicity. We have shown previously that electrical silencing of adult Drosophila circadian pacemaker neurons through targeted expression of either an open rectifier or inward rectifier K+ channel stops the free-running oscillations of the circadian molecular clock. This indicates that neuronal electrical activity in the pacemaker neurons is essential to the normal function of the adult intracellular clock. In the current study, we show that in constant darkness the free-running larval pacemaker clock—like that of the adult pacemaker neurons they give rise to—requires membrane electrical activity to oscillate. In contrast to the free-running clock, the molecular clock of electrically silenced larval pacemaker neurons continues to oscillate in diurnal (light–dark) conditions. This specific disruption of the free-running clock caused by targeted K+ channel expression likely reflects a specific cell-autonomous clock-membrane feedback loop that is common to both larval and adult neurons, and is not due to blocking pacemaker synaptic outputs or disruption of pacemaker neuronal morphology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2005
Feasible functionals and intersection of ramified types

Abstract We show that the basic feasible functions of Cook and Urquhart's BFF [8,9] are precisely the functionals definable in a natural system of ramified recurrence that uses type intersection (for tier-variants of a common type). This further confirms the stability of BFF as a notion of computational feasibility in higher type. It also suggests the potential usefulness of type-intersection restricted to sort-variants of a common type.
Characterization of a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 V3 Deletion Mutation That Confers Resistance to CCR5 Inhibitors and the Ability To Use Aplaviroc-Bound Receptor

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) V3 loop is essential for coreceptor binding and principally determines tropism for the CCR5 and CXCR4 coreceptors. Using the dual-tropic virus HIV-1R3A, we previously made an extensive panel of V3 deletions and identified subdomains within V3 that could differentially mediate R5 and X4 tropism. A deletion of residues 9 to 12 on the N-terminal side of the V3 stem ablated X4 tropism while leaving R5 tropism intact. This mutation also resulted in complete resistance to several small-molecule CCR5 inhibitors. Here, we extend these studies to further characterize a variant of this mutant, Δ9-12a, adapted for growth in CCR5+ SupT1 cells. Studies using coreceptor chimeras, monoclonal antibodies directed against the CCR5 amino terminus (NT) and extracellular loops, and CCR5 point mutants revealed that, relative to parental R3A, R5-tropic Δ9-12a was more dependent on the CCR5 NT, a region that contacts the gp120 bridging sheet and V3 base. Neutralization sensitivity assays showed that, compared to parental R3A, Δ9-12a was more sensitive to monoclonal antibodies b12, 4E10, and 2G12. Finally, cross-antagonism assays showed that Δ9-12a could use aplaviroc-bound CCR5 for entry. These studies indicate that increased dependence on the CCR5 NT represents a mechanism by which HIV envelopes acquire resistance to CCR5 antagonists and may have more general implications for mechanisms of drug resistance that arise in vivo. In addition, envelopes such as Δ9-12a may be useful for developing new entry inhibitors that target the interaction of gp120 and the CCR5 NT.