cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transmission of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) through Human Milk

Nine out of ten mothers with positive cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology shed CMV in their milk at some time during lactation. CMV is transmitted readily through human milk. Although the majority of acquired CMV infections cause little or no symptoms, there is an association between CMV infection and severe disease in small premature infants. Pasteurization damages some of the anti-infective properties of untreated human milk but is the only reliable and feasible method to destroy CMV infectivity. The current practice of feeding untreated human milk may require reevaluation for seropositive mothers of very immature infants.
Nutrition and feed management strategies to reduce nutrient excretions and odors from swine manure

Manipulation of the pig9s diet to reduce nutrient excretions and odors is feasible and practical. Avoiding excessive dietary protein, using high quality protein sources, and feeding low protein, amino acid supplemented diets are practices that will reduce the N in excreta. Avoiding excessive overages of dietary P, balancing diets on an available P basis, and use of phytase as a dietary supplement offers potential for further reducing the P in manure. Use of reduced or organic forms of Cu, Zn, Fe and Mg will reduce excretion of these nutrients in manure. Feeding management technologies that will enhance feed efficiencies and reduce nutrient excretion include feeding for phase, sex and genetic ability of the animal. Reducing the intact protein levels in diets and balancing with synthetic amino acids, use of low levels of specific non-starch polysaccharides (NSP; soybean hulls, sugar beet pulp), and maintaining the proper acid-base balance and buffering in the diet can significantly reduce odorous compounds. Greater nutrient reductions may be possible through the development of specialty feed ingredients that will be used for specific animal diets. Research to fine-tune the diets for production systems is needed.
Is Endomyocardial Biopsy a Safe and Useful Procedure in Children with Suspected Cardiomyopathy

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is a common procedure used to aid in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of suspected pediatric cardiomyopathy. In suspected cardiomyopathy, no multicenter experience has previously reported on the safety and utility of EMBs. Retrospectively, adverse event (AE) and patient and procedural characteristics were obtained at seven institutions participating in the Congenital Cardiac Catheterization Outcomes Project for both a cardiomyopathy (n = 158) and a post-transplant surveillance (n = 2665) cohort. Descriptive information regarding biopsy indication, pathology and clinical management based on EMB findings were retrospectively obtained. High-severity AEs were more common in the cardiomyopathy cohort when compared to the post-transplant surveillance cohort. The cardiomyopathy cohort was younger, more hemodynamically vulnerable and required more cardiorespiratory support during the procedure. The eight high-severity AEs in the cardiomyopathy group included one myocardial perforation, two ECMO cannulations and three deaths following the EMB. Factors associated with high-severity AEs included performing another catheter-based intervention during the EMB and longer fluoroscopy time. Notably, an increased number of biopsy attempts did not increase the risk of an AE. Suspected myocarditis was the most common indication. Diagnostic EMB pathology and thus alteration to clinical management based on pathology occurred more frequently in patients with suspected myocarditis. In conclusion, there is an increased incidence of high-severity AEs in patients undergoing EMB for suspected cardiomyopathy. EMB may be more clinically useful in the management of suspected myocarditis. The increased risk of high-severity AEs when additional interventions are performed highlights the hemodynamic vulnerability in patients with suspected cardiomyopathy.
Percutaneous Ultrasonic Lithotripsy: Choice of Irrigant

Extravasation of glycine irrigant during percutaneous ultrasonic lithotripsy has caused a transurethral resection syndrome consisting of hypertension, confusion and hyponatremia. With a rabbit model this complication is recreated with the intraperitoneal instillation of 1.5 per cent glycine solution tagged with 14carbon-glycine. Significant quantitative absorption of glycine into blood and other organs is demonstrated. A review of the literature reveals few guidelines as to the choice of irrigant for intrarenal endoscopy. Since this procedure involves no electric current it is suggested that physiological saline rather than glycine be used for ultrasonic stone disintegration.
Cardiac Rehabilitation: An Overview

The paper is intended to acquaint physical therapists with the theory and practice of cardiac rehabilitation, which is often prescribed for patients who have coronary heart disease, and the therapists' responsibilities in this effort. The related exercise physiology literature is reviewed, and physiological, psychological, physical, and prognostic advantages of cardiac rehabilitation are described. Cardiac rehabilitation is presented in three phases: acute care, outpatient, and further conditioning programs. The protocols for exercise testing and programs of progressive activity are discussed, with emphasis upon the role of physical therapists. Data collected at Tufts New England Medical Center demonstrating the measurable effects of cardiovascular training for patients with coronary heart disease ar presented.
Technical communique: Invariant system description of the stochastic realization

In this article it is shown that the class of all realizations possessing the same power spectral density can be uniquely characterized by giving an invariant system description. A new transformation group is introduced and shown to leave the spectral density unchanged. The action of this group must be considered when attempting to specify a stochastic realization from spectral densities or equivalently covariance sequences.
Dark energy : the decade ahead

A decade ago, the universe was diagnosed with a severe – possibly even terminal – case of "dark energy". Based on observations of very distant supernovae, at the beginning of 1998 two teams of astrophysicists announced the astonishing conclusion that the cosmic expansion is actually accelerating – and not slowing under the influence of gravity as might be expected. The implication was almost beyond belief: in order to account for the acceleration, about 75% of the mass–energy content of the universe had to be made up of some weird, gravitationally repulsive substance that nobody had ever seen before. This substance, which would determine the fate of the universe, was dubbed dark energy.
Advanced packaging lithography and inspection solutions for next generation FOWLP-FOPLP processing

For more than 50 years the semiconductor industry has pursued Moore's law, continuously improving device performance, reducing cost, and scaling transistor geometries down to where advanced CMOS has reached beyond the 10nm technology node. The commensurate increase in I/O count has created many challenges for device packaging which hitherto was considered low cost with simple solutions. It was once thought that old backend foundry lithography steppers could be used to address the new packaging requirements; which was true whilst the substrates remained in the traditional 300mm Silicon format. The recent unprecedented rapid growth in Fan Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) applications has introduced a more complicated landscape of process challenges, with no restriction on substrate format, where cost is the main driver and high yields are mandatory. This paper discusses the lithography process challenges that have ensued from disruptive FOWLP, and more recently the paradigm shift to Fan Out Panel Level Packaging (FOPLP). The work reports on lithography solutions for CD control over topography and high aspect ratio imaging of 2µm line/space RDL. In addition, the introduction of new inspection capabilities for defects and metrology is reported for both wafers and panels. The increase in lithography productivity and cost reduction provided by FOPLP is also discussed with production examples.
Response of Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce (CLYC) to high energy protons

Cs 2 LiYCl 6 :Ce (CLYC) is a promising new inorganic scintillator for gamma and neutron detection. As a gamma-ray detector, it exhibits bright light output and better resolution and proportionality of response than traditional gamma-ray scintillators such as NaI. It is also highly sensitive to thermal neutrons through capture on 6 Li, and recent experiments have demonstrated sensitivity to fast neutrons through interactions with 35 Cl. The response of CLYC to other forms of radiation has not been addressed. We have performed the first reported measurements of the response of CLYC to several-hundred MeV protons. We have collected digitized waveforms from proton events, and compare to those produced by gammas and thermal neutrons. Finally we discuss the potential for pulse shape discrimination between them.
Rural Poverty and Marginalization in Ethiopia: A Review of Development Interventions

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of Ethiopia’s policy interventions for poverty reduction and inclusion of marginal population groups, and discusses a number of indicators that point at significant improvements that have been achieved in the country. The sector specific policy measures to reduce poverty are assessed, and the measures targeted at vulnerable groups and in marginal areas are analysed. The impacts of economic growth on poverty reduction are traced. Development efforts such as regional development disparity and the persistence of severe poverty despite concerted anti-poverty efforts and a relatively high rate of economic growth are highlighted.
Increased Gamma Globulin Following Immunotherapy with Sipuleucel-T Is Associated with Antigen-Specific Antibody Responses

Abstract Abstract 1738 Sipuleucel-T is an autologous cellular immunotherapy for the treatment of asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer. Sipuleucel-T consists of autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), including antigen presenting cells (APCs), that have been activated with a recombinant human protein, PAP-GM-CSF (prostatic acid phosphatase [PAP] linked to granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]). It is prepared from cells collected by leukaphereses at Weeks 0, 2, and 4 and infused approximately 3 days following each leukapheresis. In the IMPACT study, 512 patients were randomized (2:1) to sipuleucel-T or control (non-activated autologous PBMCs). Serum samples were collected at Baseline and Weeks 6, 14, and 26, and were analyzed for routine clinical chemistry tests in a comprehensive metabolic panel, which included total protein and albumin. In selected samples, serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) and densitometry were performed using the Sebia automated electrophoresis system. We observed elevated total protein at Weeks 6 and 14 in sipuleucel-T patients only. At Week 6, 10.0% (28/279) of sipuleucel-T patients with a normal baseline total protein concentration had an elevated total protein concentration (upper limit of normal [ULN] = 7.9 to 8.5 g/dL, depending on age) compared with 0% (0/140) of control patients. At Week 14, 10.4% (19/183) of sipuleucel-T patients with a normal baseline total protein had an elevated total protein compared with 0% (0/86) of control patients. Albumin levels were not elevated at Week 6 following treatment (0.4% ½84 of sipuleucel-T patients with a normal baseline albumin concentration had increases in post-treatment serum albumin), indicating that the changes in total protein were due to elevations in serum globulin. In sipuleucel-T patients, there was a positive correlation between the maximum globulin protein elevations (total protein minus albumin) and the magnitude of antibody titers to PAP-GM-CSF at Week 6 (n = 126; P = 0.001) and Week 14 (n = 85; P = 0.002). Samples from sipuleucel-T patients for whom both a baseline and post-treatment sample were available and who fell within the upper 10th percentile of the total protein change (n = 13) were evaluated by SPEP. All of these patients had increased gamma globulin compared with baseline. Nine patients (69.2%) developed gamma globulin above the upper limit of normal (i.e., > 1.5 g/dL) which was not present at baseline. A correlation between gamma globulin elevations and antibody titers to PAP-GM-CSF in these patients (n = 9) was observed at Week 6 (r = 0.664, P = 0.051). These data demonstrate that elevated gamma globulin levels can develop following treatment with sipuleucel-T and were associated with the development of an antigen-specific humoral response. Disclosures: Sims: Dendreon Corp.: Employment. dela Rosa: Dendreon Corp.: Employment. Lin: Dendreon Corp.: Employment. Sheikh: Dendreon Corp.: Employment.
Fat-like cadherins in cell migration—leading from both the front and the back

When cells migrate through the body, their motility is continually influenced by interactions with other cells. The Fat-like cadherins are cell-cell signaling proteins that promote migration in multiple cell types. Recent studies suggest, however, that Fat-like cadherins influence motility differently in mammals versus Drosophila, with the cadherin acting at the leading edge of mammalian cells and the trailing edge of Drosophila cells. As opposed to this being a difference between organisms, it is more likely that the Fat-like cadherins are highly versatile proteins that can interact with the migration machinery in multiple ways. Here, I review what is known about how Fat-like cadherins promote migration, and then explore where conserved features may be found between the mammalian and Drosophila models.
Is the Red Wolf a Listable Unit Under the US Endangered Species Act

Defining units that can be afforded legal protection is a crucial, albeit challenging, step in conservation planning. As we illustrate with a case study of the red wolf (Canis rufus) from the southeastern United States, this step is especially complex when the evolutionary history of the focal taxon is uncertain. The US Endangered Species Act (ESA) allows listing of species, subspecies, or Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) of vertebrates. Red wolves were listed as an endangered species in 1973, and their status remains precarious. However, some recent genetic studies suggest that red wolves are part of a small wolf species (C. lycaon) specialized for heavily forested habitats of eastern North America, whereas other authors suggest that red wolves arose, perhaps within the last ~400 years, through hybridization between gray wolves (C. lupus) and coyotes (C. latrans). Using published genetic, morphological, behavioral, and ecological data, we evaluated whether each evolutionary hypothesis would lead to a listable unit for red wolves. Although the potential hybrid origin of red wolves, combined with abundant evidence for recent hybridization with coyotes, raises questions about status as a separate species or subspecies, we conclude that under any proposed evolutionary scenario red wolves meet both criteria to be considered a DPS: they are Discrete compared with other conspecific populations, and they are Significant to the taxon to which they belong. As population-level units can qualify for legal protection under endangered-species legislation in many countries throughout the world, this general approach could potentially be applied more broadly.
The Production of Immunoglobulins by Mouse Myeloma Cells

When a foreign substance is introduced into the body, the organism responds by synthesizing relatively large amounts of immunoglobulins which will react specifically with the immunogen. Originally, this was thought to involve a relatively straightforward series of events in which antigens were processed by phagocytic cells, plasma cell precursors representing selected clones were activated by specific antigens, and then cell proliferation and differentiation led to the production of specific antibodies. However, within this model it was not clear how recognition of self, tolerance, and the availability of precursor cells ready to make every possible antibody was achieved. Although these and other difficult questions have still not been resolved, it has become clear that between the initial introduction of antigen and the activation of the plasma cell to produce antibodies, the body carries out a highly complex series of events involving a multiplicity of signals mediated through soluble factors and the direct and indirect interactions of multiple cell types. Subpopulations of thymus (T) derived and bone marrow (or in the bird, bursa of Fabricius) (B) derived lymphocytes interact with macrophages and with each other to produce negative (suppressive) or positive (collaborative) responses. Genes are activated. Some cells are stimulated to replicate and differentiate whereas others are prevented from responding. All this requires what Jerne (1974) has called a “network of information” and is so complex that the details are only just beginning to be discussed.
A dynamic analysis of cable vibration control on cable-stayed bridges

Publisher Summary Long-span cable-stayed bridge design requires special attention to address the dynamic effects of wind loading. The main cables of large cable-stayed bridges often incorporate transverse wires connected to the stay cables. This ideology takes advantage of the fact that the differing length-adjacent stay cables have varying resonant frequencies. Vibrations induced from wind and other live loading conditions can be detrimental to cabled structures. Long-span cable-stayed structures are particularly vulnerable to this phenomenon, as evident on a number of structures constructed recently throughout the world. A tremendous amount of energy can be stored in long cables as they oscillate in their fundamental mode. To mitigate these effects, strategies such as stringing light cables between the planes of the main cables connecting them together and eventually to the deck, adding mass or viscous dampers to the cabling system are employed. Factors influencing the vibration of cables include length, dead load tensile forces, section modulus, and load conditions. Designs of long-span cable-stayed structures must incorporate strategies to alleviate cable vibrations. Therefore, the motivation for this research belongs to analytically review the effectiveness of altering the fundamental frequencies of cabling systems on cable-stayed structure.
Genomic Organization and Mechanisms of Inheritance in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi: Contrasting the Evidence and Implications of Current Theories

Most plants, including the majority of crop species, associate with a specific group of soil fungi called arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi. These fungi facilitate the uptake of plant resources and are increasingly acknowledged as being critical to ecosystem function. This high level of ecological success is not expected for species that reproduce asexually, as they are expected to be vulnerable to accumulation of deleterious mutations (Muller 1932; Kondrashov 1988) and pathogenesis (Hamilton 1980; Lively 1987). Rather, AM fungi have flourished since the origin of plants (Pirozynski and Malloch 1975; Redecker et al. 2000), and appear to be the oldest asexual multicellular eukaryotes. While the ecological importance and evolutionary novelty of these fungi have become clear, the basic genetics of these fungi remain enigmatic. In fact, their genetic structure seems unusual in two ways. Firstly, individual cells always contain many nuclei, into the thousands or tens of thousands. And secondly, individual cells also contain very high levels of genetic variation, with as many as 13 variants at what would be expected to be single copy regions of the genome. It is likely that the presence and maintenance of this high level of standing variation is related to the long-term persistence and ecological success of these asexual species. However, basic issues such as the arrangement of this variation between, or within, nuclei remain controversial. Two basic organizational structures have been advocated. Firstly, it is possible that all intra-cellular variation is present within individual nuclei and all of the nuclei within a cell are identical, i.e., homokaryotic (Pawlowska and Taylor 2004; Pawloska 2005). Alternatively, much of the genetic variation may be distributed between nuclei, with each cell containing multiple genomes, i.e., heterokaryotic (Bever and Morton 1999; Kuhn et al. 2001; Hijri and Sanders 2005). These two scenarios have very different implications for our understanding of inheritance of
Acetic Acid Bacteria

The acetic acid bacteria are ubiquitous in distribution, found on flowers and in association with deteriorating fruit and vegetables. Growth on fermented and slowly-fermenting substrates typically results in oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid (a process called acetification) and the formation of associated odor- and flavor-active metabolites (collectively referred to as volatile acidity). Additionally, growth may result in the formation of polysaccharides, including dextrans and levans, among others (Hehre and Hamilton, 1951; Colvin et al, 1977; Tayama et al., 1986), thus creating additional problems in post-fermentation clarification and stability.
Postprostatectomy incontinence: Possible etiology

Abstract Destruction of the membranous urethra at the time of prostatectomy can be expected to result in some degree of urinary incontinence. It is postulated that excessive circumferential fibrosis of the remaining prostatic urethra following transurethral resection may in some way result in incontinence despite an intact membranous urethra. Further studies are underway to investigate the effects of nonsclerosing solutions.
Synaptic potentiation and rapid antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression: A replication study.

Abstract Preclinical and clinical evidence has demonstrated that ketamine has rapid antidepressant effects. Studies using pre-treatment with an AMPA inhibitor suggest that enhancing AMPA throughput is crucial to ketamine's effects, including increases in both basal and evoked gamma power. This study sought to replicate previous findings of increased gamma response to a somatosensory stimulus at 230 min and Day 1 in ketamine responders versus non-responders in 31 depressed subjects and 25 healthy controls. A significant difference in peak gamma power was seen in the depressed ketamine responders versus non-responders. These results implicate AMPA throughput in ketamine's mechanism of antidepressant action.
Physical dimensions of children's touchscreen interactions: Lessons from five years of study on the MTAGIC project

Abstract Touchscreen interaction is nearly ubiquitous in today's computing environments. Children have always been a special population of users for new interaction technology: significantly different from adults in their needs, expectations, and abilities, but rarely tailored to in new contexts and on new platforms. Studies of children's touchscreen interaction have been conducted that focus on individual variables that may affect the interaction, but as yet no synthesis of studies replicating similar methodologies in different contexts has been presented. This paper reports the results across five years of focused study in one project aiming to characterize the differences between children's and adults’ physical touchscreen interaction behaviors. Six studies were conducted with over 180 people (116 children) to understand how children touch targets and make onscreen gestures. A set of design recommendations that summarizes the findings across the six studies is presented for reference. This paper makes the entire set available for reference in one place and highlights where the findings are generalizable across platforms. These recommendations can inform the design of future touchscreen interfaces for children based on their physical capabilities. Also, this paper outlines the future challenges and open questions that remain for understanding child-computer interaction on touchscreens.
Why the Nagoya Protocol to the Convention on Biological Diversity Matters to Science and Industry Everywhere

The once customary view that genetic resources, together with associated traditional knowledge, constituted the “Common Heritage of Mankind” was first directly challenged in 1962, when the United Nations adopted a Resolution on the sovereignty of states over national resources. By the 1990s, when the most developed countries were demanding universal respect for patented microbes and plant breeders’ rights under what eventually became the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights of 1994, the developing countries struck back with “biopiracy” claims of their own. Specifically, they argued that the downstream innovations protected by intellectual property rights in the Global North were often based on genetic resources taken from the biodiversity rich countries, along with associated traditional knowledge of indigenous populations. On this view, unauthorized use of these same genetic resources and traditional knowledge even for public research purposes constituted an illegal encroachment on their territorial sovereignty. In 1992, that thesis became firmly established in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), now signed by some 190 countries. In effect, the CBD asserted territorial sovereignty over all genetic resources and related traditional knowledge, and it conditioned the rights of anyone—including research scientists—to remove or otherwise use such resources on the permission of the relevant government authorities. Taken together, the provisions of the CBD established the premises for an international regime of misappropriation with respect to unauthorized uses of genetic resources—plant, microbial, animal—and all related traditional knowledge originating from the territories of nation states adhering to the CBD. Reasonable as these arrangements may sound, however, they are in practice onerous and often unworkable from the scientific researchers’ perspective. In the first place, provider countries have been slow to enact implementing legislation, and once enacted, these laws tend to be diverse, complicated, and often full of both legal and practical uncertainties. Second, there is no consensus regarding access and benefit-sharing obligations applicable to genetic resources acquired before 1993, when the CBD took effect. This same problem will resurface with the adoption of the Nagoya Protocol to the CBD in 2010.
Prolactin-Secreting Pituitary Adenomas: Clinical Management

Hyperprolactinemia is frequently identified in individuals with galactorrhea, oligo-amenorrhea, infertility, or other manifestations of hypogonadism. Although prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas may be managed expectantly in some asymptomatic patients, treatment is often indicated. This chapter reviews the clinical management of prolactinomas with a focus on pharmacologic, surgical, and radiation therapy, including emerging treatment options. Treatment efficacy, special patient populations, safety, and cost considerations are discussed.
High-Resolution λ = 1 mm CARMA Observations of Large Molecules in Orion-KL

We present high-resolution Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-Wave Astronomy (CARMA) λ = 1 mm observations of several molecular species toward Orion-KL. These are the highest spatial and spectral resolution 1 mm observations of these molecules to date. Our observations show that ethyl cyanide [C2H5CN] and vinyl cyanide [C2H3CN] originate from multiple cores near the Orion hot core and IRc7. In addition we show that dimethyl ether [(CH3)2O] and methyl formate [HCOOCH3] originate from IRc5 and IRc6 and that acetone [(CH3)2CO] originates only from areas where both N-bearing and O-bearing species are present.
Sharing the Studio: How Creative Livestreaming can Inspire, Educate, and Engage

Many artists livestream their creative process, allowing viewers to learn and be inspired from the decisions -- and mistakes -- they make along the way. This paper presents the first broad look at the range of creative activities people stream. Through content analysis of livestream archives, interviews with 8 streamers, and online surveys with 165 viewers, we study current practices and challenges in creative livestream communities and compare them with prior observations of livestreaming in other domains. We observed four common types of creative livestreams: teaching, making, socializing, and performing. We identify three open questions for the research community around how to better support the goals of creative streamers and viewers: how to support richer audience interactions at scale, how to support all parts of the creative process, and how to support watching livestream archives.
Preservation and tourism in Tunisia: on the colonial past in the neocolonial present

Historic built environments of the modern colonial era survive in cityscapes of former colonies the world over, often featuring largely in the projected urban identities of cities in Africa, Asia, ...
Disparities in Childhood Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Symptom Severity by Neighborhood Poverty.

Abstract Objective To determine the association between neighborhood poverty and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) severity among children in a large metropolitan area. Methods This is a secondary analysis of data collected April 2016 to July 2017 at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Care Network. We attributed 2015 American Community Survey census tract poverty, defined as percent of individuals with income below poverty level, to each child's residential address. Tracts were grouped from low to high poverty. ADHD severity was determined by Vanderbilt Parent Rating Scale (VPRS) symptom score. We also recorded parent-reported child ADHD medication use. Results A total of 286 children were linked to 203 unique census tracts. The majority of children from high poverty tracts were black and from disadvantaged households. Higher neighborhood poverty was associated with higher VPRS scores and decreased medication use in bivariate analysis. Poverty was no longer associated with VPRS scores in multivariate analysis, but medication use still had a significant negative association with VPRS score. Post hoc stratification by medication use revealed that neighborhood poverty and VPRS score were significantly associated for children on medication, but not for those off medication. Conclusions Neighborhood poverty was not associated with ADHD severity in multivariate analysis. This suggests other factors, including medication use, confound the relationship between neighborhood poverty and ADHD severity. Lack of medication treatment was significantly associated with higher symptom burdens for children with access to primary care. Decreased medication use in higher poverty communities warrants exploration and public health interventions to ensure adequate ADHD management for all children.
Rapid Deployment of Chiropractic Telehealth at 2 Worksite Health Centers in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observations from the Field.

Abstract Objective The purpose of this paper is to describe the rapid deployment of telehealth, particularly real time video conference, for chiropractic services as a response to COVID-19. Methods Two health centers at 2 campuses of a large California corporation have chiropractic care integrated into physical medicine services. Care was suspended beginning on March 17, 2020 to prevent spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients and staff. On March 19, the Governor of California issued a stay at home order. With musculoskeletal problems being common in the employee patient population, telehealth services were quickly developed to continue chiropractic care for patients. Using existing infrastructure, several members of the health center team developed chiropractic telehealth operations within 2 days. Results Musculoskeletal telehealth services included examinations, risk assessment, advice, and rehabilitative exercises. These telehealth visits facilitated care that would have otherwise been unavailable to employees. Patients reported that the appointments were helpful, addressed their concerns, and provided a safe method to see their doctor. Regular interprofessional teamwork and relations between the clinic operator and client company were key contributors to operationalizing this service in our integrated healthcare environment. Conclusion We were able to quickly implement real time video conferencing and other forms of telehealth for chiropractic services at 2 worksite health centers. This paper includes information and insights to providers about setting up similar telehealth systems so they may also provide this benefit for patients in their communities during pandemics or disasters.
Revisiting power and powerlessness: Speculating on West Virginia’s energy future and the externalities of the socioecological fix:

China is positioning itself as a global leader in both renewable energy research, development, and deployment, and fossil fuel investment, exploration, and consumption. The newly merged mega-compan...
Forecasting chaotic events and the prediction of a rare cognitive ability

Abstract People often live and work in chaotic environments, and thus need to forecast and control what will happen next. The management of chaos is an apparently rare skill, and it would be valuable to identify and develop this skill in the workforce. Untrained undergraduates (N = 147) forecasted number series from four chaotic attractors of varying levels of complexity. They contributed measurements of 16PF personality traits, general intelligence, field independence, and divergent thinking. The results indicated that field independence and personality traits associated with the creative personality profile were the most frequent correlates of performance on forecasting one to four steps into the future. It should be possible to adapt the experimental results to personnel selection and placement decisions that require the search for talent for forecasting.
When bilinguals outperform monolinguals: evidence from definite and bare noun phrases in spanish and english

This study explores cross-linguistic influence among different populations of Spanish-English bilinguals by studying their interpretation, production and acceptance of definite articles in subject position. The three bilingual groups included Heritage Speakers of Spanish living in the United States, L1 English/L2 Spanish speakers, and L1 Spanish/L2 English speakers. Two groups of monolingual speakers (Spanish and English) were also tested for comparison. Results show that instructed bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on the acceptability judgment task but that monolinguals performed better on the interpretation tasks. Additionally, the type of linguistic experience each group had was found to predict variable performance across acceptance, production, and interpretation tasks. These results support multi-competence models of bilingualism, which argue that language performance is linked to language experience, suggesting that variable amounts of exposure rather than age of onset of acquisition may be the crucial difference between first language and second language speakers.
Gas solubility in ionic liquids

This update to the previous perspective summarizes recent work in the area of gas solubilities in ionic liquids over the last four years (2017–2020). As research into applications of ionic liquids, especially for gas separations, continues to gain momentum, the importance of understanding the gas + ionic liquid global phase behavior is paramount. The majority of experimental gas solubility studies tend to focus on classic methods like the gravimetric microbalance method and the stoichiometric pressure drop method. There continues to be a significant amount of work on modeling ionic liquids using correlative equation of state to simply model the thermodynamic behavior or purely predictive modeling such as molecular dynamics. The combination of these techniques can be a powerful tool for further understanding of the global phase behavior of gas + ionic liquid systems as well as the screening and/or task-specific design of ionic liquids for specific purposes.
Interest Rates and the Rise of Superstar Firms

We examine how the rise of leading companies of this age affects real interest rates. We define “superstar firms” as firms with higher productivity growth and less investment relative to their value-added, and we construct analytic and quantitative overlapping generations models in which superstar firms replace other firms. We show that technological changes that benefit superstar firms decreases the interest rate and can make the economy dynamically inefficient. The result is fundamentally different from the result obtained from the constant elasticity of substitution aggregate production function under which the factor-augmenting technological progress would not decrease the interest rate. Moreover, in our framework, the consequences of technological change that benefits superstar firms are consistent with other stylized facts such as the change in factor shares and the increase in household inequality. Finally, in a quantitative life-cycle model, we show that the rise of superstar firms accounts for 8.4% of the entire decline in the natural rate of interest in the United States from 1970 to 2015.
Gap of knowledge in diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum in clinical specialties education.

Objectives Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis. It presents a diagnostic challenge due to the absence of disease-specific markers or histopathology, lack of universally accepted diagnostic criteria, and many mimicking diseases including necrotizing soft tissue infections (NSTI). PG cases often present first to specialties other than dermatology. We reviewed major educational resources in internal medicine, family medicine, and infectious disease for their coverage of PG. Content For each specialty, we reviewed five major textbooks, five prominent journals, and any commonly used online resources. Twelve of 15 textbooks mentioned PG, only three of which included a differential, with none including NSTI in the differential. Only two of 13 journals included review articles about PG, and none of these including NSTI in their differential. Interestingly, online resources tended to be the most complete; six of nine contained PG articles, nearly all including a differential and three listing NSTI within it. Summary We found an underrepresentation of PG among major textbooks and journals in clinical specialties, especially in differentiating PG from its mimickers. While online resources may help fill this gap in knowledge, texts and journals remain essential. Misdiagnosis and resultant mismanagement of PG can lead to disastrous outcomes. Outlook We recommend that PG be added to the differential diagnoses of chronic ulcers in educational resources. We also suggest the addition of identification and differentiation of PG to learning materials and lectures for providers in specialties who may encounter PG, NSTI, or similarly presenting diseases to address this gap.
Combustible and electronic cigarette exposures increase ACE2 activity and SARS-CoV-2 Spike binding

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has extensively impacted global health. The causative pathogen, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), binds to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, a transmembrane metallo-carboxypeptidase that is expressed in both membrane-anchored (mACE2) and soluble (sACE2) forms in the lung. Tobacco use has been speculated as a vulnerability factor for contracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent disease severity, whilst electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have been shown to induce harmful proteomic and immune changes in the lungs of vapers. We therefore tested the hypothesis that combustible tobacco (e.g. cigarettes) and non-combustible e-cigarettes could affect ACE2 activity and subsequent SARS-CoV-2 infection. We observed that sACE2 activity was significantly higher in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from both smokers and vapers compared to age-matched non-smokers. Exposure to cigarette smoke increased ACE2 levels, mACE2 activity, and sACE2 in primary bronchial epithelial cultures. Finally, treatment with either cigarette smoke condensate or JUUL e-liquid increased infections with a spike-coated SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus. Overall, these observations suggest that tobacco product use elevates ACE2 activity and increases the potential for SARS-CoV-2 infection through enhanced spike protein binding.
ASRA Pain Medicine: an established society with an updated vision.

The American Society of Regional Anesthesia (ASRA) and Pain Medicine has been supporting the science and education of pain medicine since its inception in 1923. In an era of marginally safe anesthesia and analgesic offerings, this fledgling society sought to increase understanding and utilization of
Separate resistances to arsenate and arsenite (antimonate) encoded by the arsenical resistance operon of R factor R773.

The arsenical resistance operon of R factor R773 was analyzed by subcloning and insertional inactivation. The operon was found to have two functional regions, the promoter-proximal region encoding resistance to arsenite and antimonate and the promoter-distal region encoding arsenate resistance. A unique 1.6-kilobase fragment was shown to be sufficient to encode arsenate resistance and produce arsenate extrusion from intact cells. Images
Asthma and rhinitis from insect allergens. I. Clinical importance.

Abstract Insects and arthropods probably constitute a major cause of respiratory allergy. This is supported by the frequent reactions to insects on scratch tests, the inability to find other etiological factors to explain completely the symptoms in many of these patients, the probable prevalence of insect substances in the air, and the encouraging results obtained by desensitization. Preliminary findings on immunologic aspects are noted, but extensive work is needed to determine the antigenic relationship and chemical characteristics of the antigens.
Developing and testing pediatric oral healthcare quality measures

Objective This study describes processes used to develop and test pediatric oral healthcare quality measures and provides recommendations for implementation. Methods At the request of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Dental Quality Alliance (DQA) was formed in 2008 as a multi-stakeholder group to develop oral healthcare quality measures. For its initial focus on pediatric care, measure development processes included a literature review and environmental scan to identify relevant measure concepts, which were rated on importance, feasibility, and validity using the RAND/UCLA modified Delphi approach. These measure concepts and a gap assessment led to the development of a proposed set of measures that were tested for feasibility, reliability, and validity. Results Of 112 measure concepts identified, 59 met inclusion criteria to undergo formal rating. Twenty-one of 59 measure concepts were rated as “high scoring.” Subsequently, 11 quality and related care delivery measures comprising a proposed pediatric starter set were developed and tested; 10 measures met feasibility, reliability, and validity criteria and were approved by the DQA stakeholder membership. These measures are currently being incorporated into Medicaid, Children's Health Insurance Program, and commercial quality improvement programs. Conclusions Broad stakeholder engagement, rigorous measure development and testing processes, and regular opportunities for public input contributed to the development and validation of the first set of fully specified and tested pediatric oral healthcare quality measures, which have high feasibility for implementation in both public and private sectors. This achievement marks an important essential step toward improving oral healthcare and oral health outcomes for children.
Cognitive Systems Engineering Educational Software (CSEES): educational software addressing quantitative models of performance

There is a lack of educational technology to support cognitive systems engineering topics such as models of human performance in dynamic environments. This paper describes the Cognitive Systems Engineering Educational Software (CSEES) system, an integrated toolset designed to facilitate curricula related to human judgment and decision-making performance modeling and evaluation. CSEES provides students with the means to generate and analyze performance data using multiple methods. It also includes documentation and tutorials. Its flexible design facilitates adding new judgment and decision making task environments. The paper describes the initial system implementation as a Microsoft Excel add-on, a preliminary evaluation as part of a graduate engineering course, and planned future work.
Randomized smoothing networks

Summary form only given. A smoothing network is a distributed data structure that accepts tokens on input wires and routes them to output wires. It ensures that however imbalanced the traffic on input wires, the numbers of tokens emitted on output wires are approximately balanced. We study randomized smoothing networks, whose initial states are chosen at random. Randomized smoothing networks require no global initialization, and also require no global reconfiguration after faults. We make the following contributions. We show that the well-known block smoothing network, when started in a random initial state, is O(/spl radic/log(w))-smooth with high probability, where w is the number of input/output wires. We show that as a corollary, the bitonic and periodic networks are also O( /spl radic/log(w))-smooth with high probability, when started in random initial states. In contrast, it is known that these networks are (log w)-smooth in the worst case.
Cellular Binomial Ideals

Without any restrictions on the base field, we compute the hull and provide an unmixed decomposition of a cellular binomial ideal. The latter had already been proved by Eisenbud and Sturmfels in characteristic zero, and conjectured to also hold in positive characteristic. Over an algebraically closed field, we further obtain an explicit (but not necessarily minimal) primary decomposition of such an ideal.
Portfolio optimization with a defaultable security

In this paper we derive a closed-form solution for a representative investor who optimally allocates her wealth among the following securities: a credit-risky asset, a default-free bank account, and a stock. Although the inclusion of a credit-related financial product in the portfolio selection is more realistic, no closed-form solutions to date are given in the literature when a recovery value is considered in the event of a default. While most authors have assumed some recovery scheme in their initial model set up, they do not address the portfolio problem with a recovery when a default actually occurs. Given the tractability of the recovery of market value, we solved the optimal portfolio problem for the representative investor whose utility function is a Constant Relative Risk Aversion utility function.