cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abundance and seasonality of infauna and epifauna inhabiting a Halodule wrightii meadow in Apalachicola Bay, Florida

The fauna inhabiting a Halodule wrightii meadow in Apalachicola Bay, Florida, was studied from March 1975 through Feburary 1976. The infaunal community was sampled by monthly coring. Fifty-eight species were recorded, averaging 35 species per month. A maximum faunal abundance of 104,338 organisms per m2 in April was one of the highest infaunal densities recorded in the literature. Sixteen species accounted for 84% of the total numbers and 80% of the total biomass over the study period. Numerical dominants were Hargeria rapax, Heteromastus filiformis, Ampelisca vadorum, Aricidea fragilis, and oligochaetes. Biomass dominants were Tagelus plebeius, Neritina reclivata, Ensis minor, and Haploscoloplos fragilis. Life history notes are given for several dominant species. Epibenthic fishes and macroinvertebrates were sampled by monthly trawling. Twenty-three species of fishes (mostly juveniles) were collected near the coring site, with most species and individuals recorded during the months May through September. Bairdiella chrysoura, Orthopristis chrysoptera, and Lagodon rhomboides comprised 76% of the total fish numbers. Eleven species of macroinvertebrates were collected mainly in June and July. Callinectes sapidus comprised 61% of the total invertebrate numbers. It is postulated that the influx of juvenile fishes and crabs into the Halodule meadow in summer months leads to a coincident decline in infaunal population densities (number per m2) through predation. Infaunal biomasses are largely unaffected by these predators since the biomass dominants are large or deep-burrowing species.
Active spectral narrowing by dynamical optical means

Dynamical optics can be used to alter the frequency spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. This can increase the intensity in a given narrow-frequency band. The method is useful when one deals with spectral purity λ/Δλ > 105. In addition, the method can also be used to shift the average frequency of electromagnetic radiation such as x rays.
The Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Heterocyclic Derivatives of Totarol

The synthesis and antimicrobial activity of heterocyclic analogues of the diterpenoid totarol are described. An advanced synthetic intermediate with a ketone on the A-ring is used to attach fused heterocycles, and a carbon-to-nitrogen atom replacement is made on the B-ring by de novo synthesis. A-ring analogues with an indole attached exhibit, for the first time, enhanced antimicrobial activity relative to the parent natural product. Preliminary experiments demonstrate that the indole analogues do not target the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ as had been hypothesized for totarol.
An Approach to Program Testing

One of the practical methods commonly used to detect the presence of errors in a computer program is to test it for a set of test cases. The probability of discovering errors through testing can be increased by selecting test cases in such a way that each and every branch in the flowchart will be traversed at least once during the test. This tutorial describes the problems involved and the methods that can be used to satisfy the test requirement.
Paper 14: The Application of Electric Motors in Vehicles

The use of electric drive for motor vehicle ancillaries is questioned when adequate power is available from the vehicle's own source of motive power. The term ‘motor’ is extended to include any electromagnetic device which converts electrical energy to mechanical energy. Reference is made to one of the earliest and best-known applications of an electric motor, i.e. the starter motor. Rotating machine construction and performance characteristics are outlined in some detail, and reference is made to applications appropriate to the machine characteristics. Simple control systems are mentioned to show their interdependence with motors as part of the application. The background and current status of the ‘disc’ motor is presented showing the advances made and the problem to be solved in the context of the motor vehicle industry. Machine rating based on the thermal stability of the insulation system with time is discussed. Life, reliability, and cost as major industry objectives receive mention at appropriate po...
Gravitational field: Equivalence of Feynman quantization and canonical quantization

The transition amplitude for the gravitational field as given by the Feynman sum over histories expression is analyzed in analogy to the electromagnetic transition amplitude. The analysis is based on an explicit representation of the Feynman sum by means of a lattice. The measure is found by consistency requirements and differs from those proposed by other workers. Particular attention is paid to the subsidiary conditions associated with the gauge group. It is shown, that the present approach is equivalent to the quantization by means of canonical variables as proposed by Dirac.
Analysis of whole blood manganese by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and its use as an indicator of manganese status in animals

To investigate the use of whole blood manganese (Mn) as an indicator of total body Mn, we measured Mn in whole blood and liver of rats fed purified diets containing adequate (45 μg Mn/g diet) or deficient (1 μg Mn/g diet) Mn. The mean hepatic Mn concentration was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in the Mn-deficient group compared to the control group, 0.36, μg Mn/g and 1.73 μg Mn/g, respectively. Furthermore, whole blood Mn was significantly reduced (P < 0.001) in the deficient group when compared to the control group, 4.0 ng Mn/ml and 8.6 ng Mn/ml, respectively. Hepatic Mn linearly regressed against whole blood Mn yielded a statistically significant (P < 0.001) correlation coefficient of 0.775. These data suggest that whole blood Mn is a valid indicator of body Mn status and thus may be useful, in addition to the measurements of serum copper and zinc, for the diagnosis and prognosis of diseases in which the metabolism of trace elements is affected. In addition, this paper describes and delineates operational parameters for the measurement of whole blood Mn using the IL 551 atomic absorption spectrophotometer and the IL 555 B flameless atomizer.
Using Live Dual Modeling to Help Preservice Teachers Develop TPACK

AbstractTo help preservice teachers learn about teaching with technology—specifically, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK)—the researchers designed and implemented a Live Dual Modeling strategy involving both live behavior modeling and cognitive modeling in this study. Using qualitative research methods, the researchers investigated whether Live Dual Modeling was effective in helping preservice teachers develop TPACK in a technology integration course. The findings showed that the preservice teachers demonstrated the initial ability to transfer what they learned in the modeling to classroom teaching. When Live Dual Modeling is used, attention should be paid to the conditions that influence the effectiveness of the strategy due to the preservice teachers' limitation in their overall knowledge base, practical experience, and ability to transfer learning to other contexts.
Growth phase and metal-dependent regulation of the dpsA gene in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942

The Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 dpsA gene encodes a stress-inducible DNA-binding protein whose transcription increases in the stationary phase. Such transcription is likely under the control of an alter- native sigma factor. Our current work indicated that dpsA transcription is also important under metal-ion limitation, because dpsA mRNA levels increased 12-fold under low- iron conditions, and that dpsA function is essential for growth under iron-limiting conditions. Promoter activity of the dpsA-promoter-lacZ reporter gene constructs im- plied that a region of dyad symmetry centered 28 nu- cleotides from the transcription start is required for metal- dependent repression, as judged by the level of lacZ in- duction following treatment of cultures with the chelator 2,2'-dipyridyl. This potential operator sequence is distinct from the site recognized by the cyanobacterial Fur repres- sor homologue. No other nutrient stresses (nitrogen, sul- fur, phosphorus) yielded the high level of induction seen following chelator treatment. These studies suggest that there may be more than one class of metal-dependent re- pressor in cyanobacteria.
Spectrophotometric ribonuclease assays using dinucleoside monophosphate substrates.

Abstract A pair of ribonuclease assays have been developed which offer improvements in specificity, simplicity, and/or sensitivity over current procedures. The assays measure the rate of adenosine release upon ribonuclease hydrolysis of 3′-adenosyl dinucleoside monophosphate substrates. Adenosine formation is spectrophotometrically determined by combining a coupled-enzyme system (adenosine deaminase or an adenosine deaminase/nucleoside phosphorylase/xanthineoxidase combination) to the ribonuclease cleavage. As demonstrated to the ribonuclease cleavage. As demonstrated by a brief characterization of the ribonuclease activities in several mouse tissues, the methods demonstrate the advantage of being able to discriminate between ribonucleases of differing substrate specificities. An interesting guanosyl(3′–5′)adenosine-specific ribonuclease in mouse brain has been identified using these assay methods.
Interactions of solar wind plasma with dust grains: Effects of strong plasma anisotropy

Abstract In this paper we re-examined the fundamental physics of charging of a dust particle in the moon environment by tenuous anisotropic solar wind plasma. The majority of work on dusty (complex) plasmas is largely concerns with laboratory plasmas, in which charging process of dust grains is very fast, thus making practical the working concept of dynamically equilibrium floating potential and grain charge. However, solar wind plasma parameters are considerably different at the moon orbit, and we found the characteristic charging time of lunar dust grains to be considerably longer, ranging from 3 to 4.6 min for micron size particles, and up to 7.6 h for 10-nm grains, depending on the value of plasma streaming velocity. These findings make it clear that the transient stage of charging process is important in the moon environment, and equilibrium floating potential and grain charge could be considered as long time asymptotic values. For this reason we re-formulated the moon dust charging process as an inherently time-dependent problem and derived the time-dependent charging equation for the grain potential for general case of anisotropic solar wind plasma. Using the results of our kinetics analysis we found that the distribution of charge density over grain surface submerged into solar wind plasma is highly anisotropic, thus making the OML model, which is based on the assumption of isotropic distribution of surface charge density, not applicable to the grain charging problem by the solar wind plasma.
Effects of a nutrition program on knowledge of preschool children

Abstract We have developed and trial-tested an early childhood nutrition education program at a university preschool laboratory. We then fieldtested the program in twenty off-campus classrooms. The classes were randomly assigned to treatment or control groups. Our evaluation included pre-and posttests of the children's understanding of foods and nutrition concepts. Subjects (n = 187) showed overall significant improvement in food and nutrition knowledge as measured by a project-developed test. Teachers reacted positively to the materials. Our results support the contention that a nutrition education program can be effectively implemented with children as young as three to five years of age.
Decomposition methods for water resources optimization models with fixed costs

This paper illustrates the application of two decomposition algorithms, generalized Benders decomposition (GBD) and outer approximation (OA), to water resources problems involving cost functions with both discrete and nonlinear terms. Each algorithm involves the solution of an alternating finite sequence of nonlinear programming subproblems and relaxed versions of a mixed-integer linear programming master problem. Three example models, involving capacity expansion of a conjunctively managed surface and groundwater system, are formulated and solved to demonstrate the performance of the algorithms. The results show that OA obtains solutions in far fewer iterations than GBD, but OA requires more computational resources per iteration. As a result, depending on the mixed-integer programming and nonlinear programming solvers available, GBD may be better suited for solving larger planning problems.
Constructing careers: actor, agent, and author

When individuals seek career counseling, they have stories to tell about their working lives. The aim of career construction theory is to be comprehensive in encouraging employment counselors to listen for a client's career story from the perspectives of actor, agent, and author. Taking multiple perspectives on career stories enables counselors to offer clients a fitting intervention, whether it is vocational guidance for action, career education and coaching for agency, or career counseling to construct meaning.
Effect of hydrogen plasma treatment on the surface morphology, microstructure and electronic transport properties of nc-Si:H

Abstract Hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) films, deposited by reactive radio-frequency sputtering with 33% hydrogen dilution in argon at 200 °C, were treated with low-power hydrogen plasma at room temperature at various power densities (0.1–0.5 W/cm2) and durations (10 s–10 min). Plasma treatment reduced the surface root mean square roughness and increased the average grain size. This was attributed to the mass transport of Si atoms on the surface by surface and grain boundary diffusion. Plasma treatment under low power density (0.1 W/cm2) for short duration (10 s) caused a significant enhancement of crystalline volume fraction and electrical conductivity, compared to as-deposited film. While higher power (0.5 W/cm2) hydrogen plasma treatment for longer durations (up to 10 min) caused moderate improvement in crystalline fraction and electrical properties; however, the magnitude of improvement is not significant compared to low-power (0.1 W/cm2)/short-duration (10 s) plasma exposure. The results indicate that low-power hydrogen plasma treatment at room temperature can be an effective tool to improve the structural and electrical properties of nc-Si:H.
A model of pattern and form in development

A new model for pattern and form during early development is presented which is based on two states of a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) intended to mimic the molecules elucidated by Edelman and colleagues. The possibility that these generalized CAM systems could be relevant to plant and animal development is discussed, and it is shown in particular how spiral phyllotaxis in plants, involving the Fibonacci series, arises naturally as a consequence of the present simple model.
Test of everyday attention for children.

(2001). Test of Everyday Attention for Children; The Thames Valley Test Company, Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, UK. Child Neuropsychology: Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 190-195.
A theory of extensional viscosity for flowing foams and concentrated emulsions

Abstract A two-dimensional theory for the viscosity of foams and concentrated emulsions is presented. It considers in detail the viscous dissipation in the thin films between the bubbles as the system is subjected to a periodic uniaxial strain that does not exceed the elastic limit (or yield point). We invoke principles previously advanced by Landau and Levich, Mysels et al. , and Bretherton to describe the dynamics of single thin films being pulled out of, or pushed into, bulk liquid (Plateau borders). These ideas, when combined with the structural constraints that exist within a foam, lead to an expression for the effective viscosity of these complex fluids. Mathematically, the theory uses an asymptotic analysis that is valid in the limit of slow fluid velocity. We find that the contribution of viscous dissipation, relative to the elastic work done in deforming a foam, can be quite significant and that this dissipation gives rise to a fundamentally non-Newtonian contribution to the effective viscosity. Specifically, the effective viscosity exceeds the viscosity of the continuous phase by a factor proportional to (σ/μaγ˙) 1/3 , where σ, μ, a, andγ˙are surface tension, viscosity, cell dimension, and strain rate, respectively.
GO AHEAD, VENT YOUR SPLEEN!

![Figure][1] For diving and exercise physiologists, \`venting your spleen' has a whole different meaning than it does to the layman. In diving mammals and heavy exercisers, the spleen serves as an oxygen reservoir, storing highly viscous \`thick blood', rich in red blood cells, during periods
Studies in Calf Venous Pump Function Utilizing a Two-valve Experimental Model

Abstract Objectives: to explore the hydrodynamic mechanisms involved in the regulation of ambulatory venous pressure. Design: an experimental model of calf venous pump was constructed with collapsible tubes and valves. Material: the model consisted of a conduit and a pump with an intervening competent valve. Another valve that could allow reflux into the pump was mounted above the pump. Methods: conduit pressure and recovery times were monitored under conditions of different degrees of ejection fraction and reflux into the pump. Model variables included using poorly compliant tubes for the pump, the conduit and for both the pump and conduit. Results: the latex tube exhibited a non-linear volume–pressure relationship and a bi-modal regimen of compliance. This bestowed pressure-buffering properties. Ambulatory venous hypertension resulted when reflux beyond buffering capacity occurred. Substituting less compliant PTFE for latex at the pump had a relatively minor effect on post-ejection pressure and recovery times. Using PTFE at the conduit had a profound but divergent effect on both of these parameters. Conduit capacitance reduction had a similar effect. Conclusion: conduit elastance plays a significant role in the regulation of ambulatory venous pressure in this experimental model. The hydrodynamic principles illustrated by the model may enhance our understanding of the human calf venous pump.
Mechanism of current modulation by optic phonons in heterojunction tunneling experiments

We explain recent observations of periodic structure in the tunneling currents of ${\mathrm{Al}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$As heterojunctions in terms of inhomogeneous tunneling and polaron formation.
DIMINISHED RESPONSE OF HEPATIC GLUCURONYL-TRANSFERASE TO PHENOBARBITAL DURING PREGNANCY

Bilirubin (B) glucuronyl-transferase (GT) activity was studied in liver homogenates of pregnant (P) and non-pregnant (NP) female rats. Activity in NP rats was 1286±166(3.D.) ug B conjugated/g liver/40 min (N=13) and in P rats (5 to 21 days gestation) was 1271±211 (N=43). No change in maternal liver GT activity was observed during pregnancy. Administration of phenobarbital (PB)(100mg/Kg) to 6 NP rats for 3 days increased GT activity to 2061±208 (62%). Similar treatment of 47 P rats resulted in progressive decrease in GT stimulation as a function of increasing days of gestation (figure). In P and NP rats, 3 days PB treatment resulted in no increase in either liver weight or liver protein concentration. Hepatic PB concentrations were the same in NP and in P throughout pregnancy. Thus, base enzyme activity was not altered by pregnancy but response to PB stimulation was reduced suggesting a previously unrecognized effect of pregnancy on enzyme induction.
KNOTTED SOLID TORI DECOMPOSITIONS OF B3 AND S3

We give several kinds of tilings of regular solids, B3 and S3, by knotted solid tori or handlebodies all of which are congruent and nontrivially linked. We also present higher dimensional tilings of Bp+3 by congruent regular neighborhoods of any p-spun knot.
The role of fungus in chronic rhinosinusitis

Fungus has been cited as an etiologic factor (the etiologic factor?) in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), and a vigorous debate has ensued. Initial reports of in vitro observations promoted fungus as a potential origin of CRS, yet subsequent clinical trials of topical and systemic antifungal treatments have failed to demonstrate meaningful efficacy. More recent laboratory work has cast significant doubt on the universality of the fungal hypothesis by failing to replicate one of its basic science underpinnings. Combined with clinical data about antifungal therapy's ineffectiveness, these findings appear to tip the scales against fungus as the universal etiology of CRS.
Tight frames of k-plane ridgelets and the problem of representing objects that are smooth away from d-dimensional singularities in Rn

Abstract For each pair (n, k) with 1 ≤ k < n, we construct a tight frame (ρλ : λ ∈ Λ) for L2 (Rn), which we call a frame of k-plane ridgelets. The intent is to efficiently represent functions that are smooth away from singularities along k-planes in Rn. We also develop tools to help decide whether k-plane ridgelets provide the desired efficient representation. We first construct a wavelet-like tight frame on the X-ray bundle χn,k—the fiber bundle having the Grassman manifold Gn,k of k-planes in Rn for base space, and for fibers the orthocomplements of those planes. This wavelet-like tight frame is the pushout to χn,k, via the smooth local coordinates of Gn,k, of an orthonormal basis of tensor Meyer wavelets on Euclidean space Rk(n−k) × Rn−k. We then use the X-ray isometry [Solmon, D. C. (1976) J. Math. Anal. Appl. 56, 61–83] to map this tight frame isometrically to a tight frame for L2(Rn)—the k-plane ridgelets. This construction makes analysis of a function f ∈ L2(Rn) by k-plane ridgelets identical to the analysis of the k-plane X-ray transform of f by an appropriate wavelet-like system for χn,k. As wavelets are typically effective at representing point singularities, it may be expected that these new systems will be effective at representing objects whose k-plane X-ray transform has a point singularity. Objects with discontinuities across hyperplanes are of this form, for k = n − 1.
First-principles prediction of disordering tendencies in pyrochlore oxides

Using first-principles calculations, we systematically predict the order-disorder energetics of series of zirconate (A{sub 2}Zr{sub 2}O{sub 7}), hafnate (A{sub 2}Hf{sub 2}O{sub 7}), titanate (A{sub 2}Ti{sub 2}O{sub 7}), and stannate (A{sub 2}Sn{sub 2}O{sub 7}) pyrochlores. The disordered defect-fluorite structure is modeled using an 88-atom two-sublattice special quasirandom structure (SQS) that closely reproduces the most relevant near-neighbor intrasublattice and intersublattice pair-correlation functions of the random mixture. The order-disorder transition temperatures of these pyrochlores estimated from our SQS calculations show overall good agreement with existing experiments. We confirm previous studies suggesting that the bonding in pyrochlores is not purely ionic and thus electronic effects also play a role in determining their disordering tendencies. Our results have important consequences for numerous applications, including nuclear waste forms and fast ion conductors.
Subsoil compaction to improve water use efficiency and yields of rainfed lowland rice in coarse-textured soils

Abstract Field experiments during the 1992 and 1993 wet seasons examined in situ water conservation in rainfed lowland rice ( Oryza sativa L.) grown on a loamy sand by comparing subsoil compaction (C) with puddling (PUD), a plastic sheet barrier at 40 cm depth (PLS), and dry tillage (DT). Soil was compacted with six (C6) or nine (C9) passes of a 12-ton road roller over the soil surface with (+V) or without (- V) roller vibration. After compaction, soil was tilled to 20 cm depth. All plots except DT were puddled manually to 15 cm depth. Rice seedlings (Cultivar KDML105) were transplanted in all plots. Degree and depth of compaction increased with number of passes and with vibration of the roller. Treatment C9 + V compacted soil to at least 60 cm depth. Percolation decreased from 11.8 mm d −1 in DT and 6.3 mm d −1 in PUD plots to 1.4 mm d −1 in C9 + V plots. Compaction increased total days with surface water accumulation from 44 days in DT and 68 days in PUD plots to 90 days in C9 + V. Rice in plots with subsoil compaction had nearly twice the root length and root mass densities in the 0–20 cm soil layer and significantly increased shoot growth as compared with rice in DT and PUD plots. As compared with PUD, the standard tillage practice of farmers, treatment C9 + V increased grain yield by 1.48 Mg ha −1 (59%) in 1992 and by 0.98 Mg ha −1 (88%) in 1993, with 1.6 times greater water use efficiency (WUE) in 1992 and 1.9 times greater WUE in 1993. Treatment PLS yielded more grain than PUD, but less than C9 + V. We conclude that subsoil compaction technology is applicable at a field scale for rainfed rice grown in coarse-textured soils.
First Impressions on Tests: Some New Findings

First impressions on objective tests are not necessarily best, but the preferred strategy is to be careful.
Influence of substrate type and temperature on the developmental morphology of Pandora neoaphidis (Zygomycetes: entomophthorales), a pathogen of the tobacco aphid (Homoptera: aphididae).

Developmental morphology of Pandora neoaphidis was observed on the surfaces of the tobacco aphid, Myzus nicotianae, tobacco leaves (Nicotiana tabacum), and glass coverslips at 13 and 20 degrees C for 12 and 24 h postinoculation. Pandora neoaphidis responded similarly on the two living substrates, but differed on the inert coverslips. The proportions of ellipsoid conidia (primary and secondary) were similar on all substrates. Higher proportions of appressoria and lower proportions of round secondary conidia and germinating conidia occurred on the aphids and leaves than on the coverslips. Appressoria predominated over round secondary conidia and germinating conidia on the living substrates at 20 degrees C, but the opposite was seen at 13 degrees C. The proportions of ellipsoid conidia were similar at both temperatures. On coverslips, the proportions of appressoria and round secondary conidia were similar at both temperatures. However, the proportions of germinating and ellipsoid conidia were higher at 13 and 20 degrees C, respectively.
Delineation of high and low affinity 45Ca incorporation and of 45Ca efflux in canine aortic smooth muscle microsomes.

Abstract 1. 1. Scatchard plots of Ca 2+ incorporation in canine aortic media-intima microsomes indicate two types of binding sites. Low affinity binding sites equilibrate more rapidly. 2. 2. Ca 2+ incorporation is higher in a NaCl medium than in a KCl medium at a Ca 2+ concentration in which high affinity binding predominates. The high affinity 45 Ca binding is largely ATP-dependent. 3. 3. Efflux of non-superficial 45 Ca from the microsomes is linear during a 32-min washout into a solution containing no added Ca 2+ and is increased by addition of 0.1 mM EGTA, 1 mM Ca 2+ or 1 mM Sr 2+ .
Salt-occluded zeolite waste forms: Crystal structures and transformability

Neutron diffraction studies of salt-occluded zeolite and zeolite/glass composite samples, simulating nuclear waste forms loaded with fission products, have revealed complex structures, with cations assuming the dual roles of charge compensation and occlusion (cluster formation). These clusters roughly fill the 6--8 {angstrom} diameter pores of the zeolites. Samples are prepared by equilibrating zeolite-A with complex molten Li, K, Cs, Sr, Ba, Y chloride salts, with compositions representative of anticipated waste systems. Samples prepared using zeolite 4A (which contains exclusively sodium cations) as starting material are observed to transform to sodalite, a denser aluminosilicate framework structure, while those prepared using zeolite 5A (sodium and calcium ions) more readily retain the zeolite-A structure. Because the sodalite framework pores are much smaller than those of zeolite-A, clusters are smaller and more rigorously confined, with a correspondingly lower capacity for waste containment. Details of the sodalite structures resulting from transformation of zeolite-A depend upon the precise composition of the original mixture. The enhanced resistance of salt-occluded zeolites prepared from zeolite 5A to sodalite transformation is thought to be related to differences in the complex chloride clusters present in these zeolite mixtures. Data relating processing conditions to resulting zeolite composition and structure can be used in the selection of processing parameters which lead to optimal waste forms.
Six-year trend (1990--1995) of wet mercury deposition in the Upper Midwest, U.S.A.

Total wet mercury deposition was monitored weekly at six Upper Midwest, USA, sites for a period of six years, 1990--1995, to assess temporal and spatial patterns and contributions to surface waters. Annual wet mercury deposition averaged 7.4 {micro}g Hg/m{sup 2}{center{underscore}dot}yr and showed significant variations between sites and increased trends averaging 0.60 {micro}g Hg/m{sup 1}{center{underscore}dot}yr [8%/yr] over the period. Warm (rain) season wet mercury deposition was found to average 77% of total annual wet deposition. Warm (rain) and cold (snow) season trends showed increases of 0.31 [5.5%/yr] and 0.29 {micro}g Hg/m{sup 2}{center{underscore}dot}yr [17%/yr], respectively. Average annual precipitation depth showed a nonsignificant increase of 0.25 cm/yr [0.4%/yr] for the period. Differences in precipitation depth, mercury concentrations, and wet mercury deposition among sites were noted. Methylmercury wet deposition, measured in 36 weekly samples, averaged about 0.18 ng/L [1.5% of total mercury] in rain and strongly correlated with total mercury, major ions, and precipitation depth.
Adult-to-adult right hepatic lobe living donor liver transplantation

Adult-to-adult right hepatic lobe living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has rapidly emerged as an accepted treatment option for selected patients with end-stage liver disease. The two most important determinants in patient outcome are the careful selection of recipients, and the technical skill and experience of the surgical team. The most appropriate candidates for LDLT are patients who require an expedited transplant. Also, the candidate must not have significant comorbid conditions that could jeopardize the success of the procedure. The initial outcomes of LDLT recipients are similar to recipients with a cadaveric liver. However, direct comparison may not be possible, because LDLT recipients are currently selected for favorable outcomes. Most LDLT donors are able to undergo right-sided hepatectomy without significant morbidity. However, the risk of death associated with donation is estimated to be 1/300; approximately 20% have a measurable complication.
Site-directed antisense oligonucleotide decreases the expression of amyloid precursor protein and reverses deficits in learning and memory in aged SAMP8 mice

beta amyloid protein (Abeta) is a 40-43 amino acid peptide derived from amyloid precursor protein (APP). Abeta has been implicated as a cause of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mice with spontaneous or transgenic overexpression of APP show the histologic hallmarks of AD and have impairments in learning and memory. We tested whether antisense phosphorothiolated oligonucleotides (AO) directed at the Abeta region of the APP gene given with or without antibody directed at Abeta could reverse the elevated protein levels of APP and the behavioral impairments seen in SAMP8 mice, a strain which spontaneously overexpresses APP. We found that intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of antibody with either of two AOs directed at the midregion of Abeta improved acquisition and retention in a footshock avoidance paradigm, whereas two AOs directed more toward the C-terminal, a random AO, and vehicle were without effect. Three injections of the more potent AO given without antibody reduced APP protein levels by 43-68% in the amygdala, septum, and hippocampus. These results show that AO directed at the Abeta region of APP can reduce APP levels in the brain and reverse deficits in learning and memory.
A Lanczos method for approximating composite functions

Abstract We seek to approximate a composite function h ( x ) = g ( f ( x ) ) with a global polynomial. The standard approach chooses points x in the domain of f and computes h ( x ) at each point, which requires an evaluation of f and an evaluation of g . We present a Lanczos-based procedure that implicitly approximates g with a polynomial of f . By constructing a quadrature rule for the density function of f , we can approximate h ( x ) using many fewer evaluations of g . The savings is particularly dramatic when g is much more expensive than f or the dimension of x is large. We demonstrate this procedure with two numerical examples: (i) an exponential function composed with a rational function and (ii) a Navier–Stokes model of fluid flow with a scalar input parameter that depends on multiple physical quantities.
Mist1 Regulates Pancreatic Acinar Cell Proliferation Through p21CIP1/WAF1

Background & Aims Mist1 is a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor that is important to the proper development of the exocrine pancreas. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Mist1 in modulating acinar cell proliferation. Methods Ductal and acinar pancreatic cell lines were engineered to express an inducible Mist1 complementary DNA or to express a short hairpin RNA that targeted endogenous Mist1 . Alterations in RNA and protein levels were detected by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblots. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter gene assays were performed to map Mist1-responsive elements on target genes; the overall proliferation index of acinar cells from Mist1 null pancreata was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Results Expression of Mist1 resulted in a significant decrease in the proliferative potential of cells that was associated with induced expression of p21 CIP1/WAF1 . Short hairpin RNA-directed knockdown of p21 CIP1/WAF1 generated cells that were refractory to Mist1 expression, whereas knockdown of Mist1 transcripts or deletion of Mist1 from the mouse genome led to increased cell proliferation and a concomitant decrease in p21 CIP1/WAF1 protein levels. Surprisingly, Mist1-dependent activation of the p21 CIP1/WAF1 promoter was independent of classic basic helix-loop-helix protein binding sites. Instead, Sp1 binding sites were essential for Mist1-dependent transcription, suggesting that Mist1 activates p21 CIP1/WAF1 expression through a unique Sp1 pathway. Indeed, coimmunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that Mist1 and Sp1 were found within the same transcription complex. Conclusions Our results show that Mist1 has a dual role in the development of the exocrine pancreas: controlling cell proliferation and promoting terminal differentiation.
OBSTETRIC ANAESTHESIA AND EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME

SUMMARY The obstetric and anaesthetic problems of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are discussed. A new unclassified type of the syndrome is described. The possibility of bleeding presents a serious challenge for both the obstetrician and the anaesthetist. A detailed medical history, including family history, are important in determining the method of anaesthesia since blood coagulation tests are usually normal. The anaesthetic management of two parturients with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is illustrated. Caudal, extradural, and subarachnoid block techniques for labour and Caesarean section were used safely on three occasions in these two patients.
New insights in the mechanism of microRNA-mediated target repression

The microRNA-induced silencing complex (miRISC) protein TNRC6 (also called GW182) uses dispersed tryptophan-containing repeats in unstructured regions to recruit the CCR4–NOT nuclease complex leading to mRNA deadenylation and inhibition of translation initiation according to new research.
The efficiency of methionine incorporation from isoaccepting species of tRNAMet into rabbit globin in an homologous reticulocyte lysate system.

Abstract Rabbit globin α and β chains were labeled with [3H]leucine, and with [35S]methionine from reticulocyte tRNAMet isoacceptors using a rabbit reticulocyte cell-free synthesis system. [35S]Methionine from the three tRNAMet species isolated by RPC-5 chromatography was incorporated into internal positions of both α and β globin. The initiator tRNA, tRNAMetI, exhibited very low efficiency for incorporating methionine internally, while tRNAMetII was four times more efficient than tRNAMetIII. Amino acid analysis of the tryptic peptides of the labeled globins revealed that all three isoacceptors incorporated methionine into the normal methionine peptides. Similar studies with Escherichia coli [35S]Met-tRNAMetf showed a 3-fold increase over the reticulocyte initiator tRNA in its capacity to incorporate methionine into the internal positions of rabbit globin.
QUANTIFYING THE UNQUANTIFIABLE: ECOHYDROLOGY ON THE OUSE WASHES

The Ouse Washes is an area of Hood washland in Cambridgeshire. The site has been designated as an SPA and SAC, due to the presence of Spined Loach in the Old Bedford River and River Deiph and the invaluable over wintering and nesting habitats it offers for various nationally and internationally important species of birds. The site is currently thought to be in an unfavourable ecological condition, in terms of both the nutrient concentrations and the vegetation communities that populate the site. These factors affect the favourability of the site for both the Spined Loach and the bird populations. To restore favourable conditions to the Washes, a target vegetation community was defined for each discrete area of the site. Each of these communities had an ecohydrological prescription derived, which defined the required annual regime for mid-Held water table depth, flooding depth and duration and ditch nutrient concentration. A catchment-wide rainfall-runoff and nutrient transport model was used to derive flows and nutrient loads across the Washes under a range of catchment management scenarios. The model results for each discrete area of the Washes were analysed and the ecohydrological favourability under the different scenarios could then be quantified. By running various scenarios of different artificial influence and diffuse pollution conditions, the possible water and nutrient regime within the Washes was investigated and the suitability of different management options quantified relative to the target ecological requirements of the site. This allowed the Environment Agency to complete an Appropriate Assessment of the site, as required under the EU Habitats Directive.
Optimal Orbital Constellations For Global Viewing Of Targets Against A Space Background

Presented herein is a class of satellite deployment options that exploit ATH (above-the-horizon) viewing by multiple satellites to achieve a significant impact in dim target detection. The deployment options can allow reduction of focal plane complexity and improve the global coverage properties of systems of satellites employing two-color (or two-bandwidth) detectors on a single focal plane. It is shown that six to ten satellites at 10,000 to 20,000 nmi altitude will provide global ATH coverage for target altitudes between 40 and 200 nmi, and that considerable multiple satellite coverage of targets will occur for targets at higher latitude. Exemplary system design applications are discussed.
Significance of a coronary artery with Thrombolysis in Myocardial infarction grade 2 flow “patency” (outcome in the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction trials)

To determine whether pharmacologic reperfusion to Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) grade 2 flow during acute myocardial infarction confers the same clinical benefit as restoration of TIMI 3 flow, in-hospital clinical and angiographic outcomes in 1,229 patients prospectively enrolled in the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction trials were analyzed. Patients were treated with intravenous tissue plasminogen activator or urokinase, or both. Angiography of the infarct-related artery 90 minutes after initiation of thrombolytic therapy demonstrated TIMI grades 0, 1, 2, or 3 flow in 20%, 7%, 17%, and 55% of vessels, respectively. Rescue or adjunctive coronary angioplasty was performed in 80%, 27%, and 16% of patients with TIMI 0/1, 2, or 3 flow, respectively. Predischarge angiography was performed in 963 patients. A significant gradient of increasing mortality was seen in patients with lower TIMI flow (4.3%, 6.1%, and 10.1% with TIMI 3, 2, and 0/1 flow, respectively, p = 0.002). The incidence of congestive heart failure and recurrent ischemia was significantly higher in patients with TIMI 2 than with TIMI 3 perfusion (26% vs 19% for heart failure, p = 0.03; 23% vs 17% for recurrent ischemia, p = 0.05). Acute left ventricular ejection fraction and infarct zone regional wall motion were also significantly improved in patients with TIMI 3 than with TIMI 2 flow, with trends toward better improvement in global and regional function in the TIMI 3 group. These findings were not affected by the use of acute coronary angioplasty.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ketone bodies in fish skin mucus as an indicator of starvation: a preliminary report

The detection of starvation is a major problem in fish husbandry. Too often the discovery of starving animals is not made until pathogenic organisms are about to overcome the weakened animals. A simple test, using a commercial plastic strip with a reagent area that changes colour in the presence of starvation-induced ketones, was applied to this problem in the mullet, Mugil cephalus. The strip identified ketones in the fish skin mucus, and demonstrated its value in detecting starvation in fishes.
Developmental profile and regulation of estrogen receptor (ER) mRNA expression in the preoptic area of prenatal rats

Estrogen, derived from circulating testosterone, masculinizes the developing preoptic area. Expression of estrogen receptors (ERs) within the preoptic area is one requirement for a possible direct action of estrogen in the process of sexual differentiation of this brain region. Using a 35S-labeled riboprobe and in situ hybridization to detect ER mRNA on both film and emulsion-coated slides, we were able to detect ER mRNA within the rat preoptic area by embryonic day 18 (ED 18), coincident with the reported onset of the critical period for testosterone-dependent masculinization of this region. ER mRNA increased significantly between ED 18 and 19 in both sexes, and continued to increase through postnatal day 0 (PND 0 = day of birth) in females, but not males. ER mRNA levels were not significantly greater in females than in males until PND 0. The lack of a sex difference in ER mRNA prenatally, however, appears to be due to an effect of intrauterine neighbors. ER mRNA levels in ED 20 embryos were relatively high in females with female-only neighbors, whereas ER mRNA levels were relatively low, and comparable to males, when the in utero neighbors included one or more males. Treatment of pregnant dams with diethylstilbestrol or with tamoxifen did not significantly alter ER mRNA levels in the preoptic area of the embryos. Although these results suggest that ER mRNA expression is subject to hormonal regulation prenatally, the relevant hormone was not identified.
Mangroves and climate change in the Florida and Caribbean region: scenarios and hypotheses

The principal scenario concerning the potential effects of climate change on mangrove forest communities revolves around sealevel rise with emphases on coastal abandonment and inland retreat attributable to flooding and saline intrusion. However, at the decade to century scale, changes in precipitation and catchment runoff may be a more significant factor at the regional level. Specifically, for any given sealevel elevation it is hypothesized that reduced rainfall and runoff would necessarily result in higher salinity and greater seawater-sulfate exposure. This would likely be associated with decreased production and increased sediment organic matter decomposition leading to subsidence. In contrast, higher rainfall and runoff would result in reduced salinity and exposure to sulfate, and also increase the delivery of terrigenous nutrients. Consequently, mangrove production would increase and sediment elevations would be maintained. Support for this scenario derives from studies of the high production in saline mangrove impoundments which are depleted in seawater sulfate. This paper also examines other components of climate change, such as UVb, temperature, and storm frequency, and presents a suite of hypotheses and analytical protocols to encourage scientific discussion and testing.
Genetic evidence for alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in rat brain, heart and adrenal gland.

A complementary DNA (cDNA) clone - cA2-47 - corresponding to a new α2-adrenergic receptor subtype has been isolated from a rat brain cDNA library and used as a hybridization probe to scrutinize the α2-receptor poly(A+) RNAs in rat brain, heart and adrenal gland. Hybridization of the 5′ half of the coding region of this cDNA at 37°C to rat brain poly(A+) RNA revealed a single band at 5.8 kb as the size of its corresponding mRNA. Under identical hybridization conditions, a human platelet α2-receptor genomic probe failed to hybridize to any rat brain mRNAs.
Influence of bubble size on micro-bubble drag reduction

Micro-bubble drag reduction experiments were conducted in a turbulent water channel flow. Compressed nitrogen was used to force flow through a slot injector located in the plate beneath the boundary layer of the tunnel test section. Gas and bubbly mixtures were injected into a turbulent boundary layer (TBL), and the resulting friction drag was measured downstream of the injector. Injection into tap water, a surfactant solution (Triton X-100, 20 ppm), and a salt-water solution (35 ppt) yielded bubbles of average diameter 476, 322 and 254 μm, respectively. In addition, lipid stabilized gas bubbles (44 μm) were injected into the boundary layer. Thus, bubbles with d+ values of 200 to 18 were injected. The results indicate that the measured drag reduction by micro-bubbles in a TBL is related strongly to the injected gas volumetric flow rate and the static pressure in the boundary layer, but is essentially independent of the size of the micro-bubbles over the size range tested.
Beyond Borderline Personality Disorder: The Mindful Brain

Numerous studies have showed an improvement in symptoms characteristic of borderline personality disorder (BPD) when mindfulness-based interventions were integrated into the daily lives of individuals with BPD. Although these studies have examined the etiology and diagnostic prognosis of BPD, and have discussed the use of mindfulness-based treatments, few researchers have attempted to interpret the neuroscientific findings, which have showed an increase in gray matter in key areas of the brain in clients with BPD who engaged in mindfulness practice. Some clients who had originally met a minimum of five of the DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria for BPD no longer did so upon engaging in mindfulness-based treatment. This article highlights the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions with an emphasis on meditation, which leads to overall better psychological functioning in clients with BPD in three key areas: impulsivity, emotional irregularity, and relationship instability.