cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Daylighting and Energy Analysis of Multi-sectional Facades

Abstract Previous studies on dynamic facades have focused on a single type of section/shading, investigating its properties or control in order to improve comfort or reduce energy use for lighting and air-conditioning. Multi-sectional dynamic facade concepts are able to balance daylight provision and energy use reduction versus maintaining comfort levels. However, the overall potential of such systems needs to be investigated in an integrated manner. A typical multi-sectional facade consists of a top section, representing the non-viewing (daylighting) part, a main middle (viewing) section and a spandrel section. The top section can transmit daylight deeper into the space and the middle section should provide direct outside view (or privacy) and protect from glare and sunlight. The two sections may have different areas, glazing properties, and shading types and control options. This paper investigates the concept and quantifies the impact of combinations of solar protection and light redirecting devices. The analysis includes two climates and two orientations to serve as a preliminary study to assist in design guidelines for multi-sectional facades.
Remote health coaching for interactive exercise with older adults in a home environment

Optimal health coaching interventions are tailored to individuals' needs, preferences, motivations, barriers, timing, and readiness to change. Technology approaches are useful in both monitoring a user's adherence to their behavior change goals and also in providing just-in-time feedback and coaching messages. User models that incorporate dynamically varying behavior change variables with algorithms that trigger tailored messages provide a framework for making health interventions more effective. These principles are applied in the described system for assisting older adults in meeting their physical exercise goals with a tailored interactive video system with just-in-time feedback and encouragement.
Neighborhood Storage

The primary purpose of this work is the development of a technique for storing and regenerating extensive lists of sequential steps to be carried out on the basis of storing all of the minimum routes in a transportation system. The process is then generalized in terms of any selection of sequential steps emanating from an origin and terminating at a destination.
On the growth of the human cerebellum in early life.

All investigators of the ponderal growth of the human cerebellum in early life have been impressed by the rapid rate of increment of this part of the brain in the first year. This has lead certain students of human growth to conclude that the rapid growth of the cerebellum in infancy is correlated with the marked development of muscular co-ordination and activity in this period.The following figures represent an attempt to test the truth of this concept. They consist of the results derived from the computations of the growth in volume of the cerebellum in the fetal period and of weight in the period of infancy. These computations are based upon the following empirical formulae:1. For the relation between the cerebellum volume and body-length in the fetal period:Volume of the cerebellum (cc.) = 0.01 [(0.095 crown heel length in cm.)4.9 + 20.0], as developed by Dunn.12. For the relation between body-length and age in the fetal period:Age om fetal months = 2.3+ 2.5 (body-length in cm.)/28 + (Body-length in c...
A Numerical Study of the Simulation of Fluid Flow Into a Permeable Formation And Its Effect On Acoustic Full Waveform.

Summary The study documents the effect of invasion on acoustic full waveforms and the resulting sonic velocities. Firstly, we simulated fluid flow from the wellbore into a stiff sand formation and obtained water saturation profiles at three different times (2.4 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours) after invasion. Results confirmed that porosity controls the volume of the penetrating fluid meaning that higher porosity causes lower invasion if all other parameters are equal. Parameters such as mud pressure and mudcake petrophysical properties were chosen to maximize the effect of invasion in the observed invaded zones, including the reservoirs with high porosity. Secondly, we implemented fluid substitution techniques based on the Gassmann theory to transform the water saturation profile into elastic properties profiles; those elastic profiles were finally used to generate elastic waves. The generation and processing of acoustic full waveforms were completed with the Discrete Wavenumber and Semblance Time Coherence methods, respectively. The results showed an impact of different fluid saturation zones on primary velocity even at 2.4 hours into the invasion process. The greater the porosity, the greater the effect; however, there must be enough time after invasion to equilibrate pore pressure, and the fluids in the formation must be homogeneously distributed. In case time is insufficient to equilibrate the pressure, penetration of the drilling fluid into the stiff sand formation might not cause a significant distortion of P-wave measurement.
Challenge faculty to transform STEM learning

Models for higher education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are under pressure around the world. Although most STEM faculty and practicing scientists have learned successfully in a traditional format, they are the exception, not the norm, in their success. Education should support a diverse population of students in a world where using knowledge, not merely memorizing it, is becoming ever more important. In the United States, which by many measures is a world leader in higher education, the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) recommended sweeping changes to the first 2 years of college, which are critical for recruitment and retention of STEM students ( 1 ). Although reform efforts call for evidence-based pedagogical approaches, supportive learning environments, and changes to faculty teaching culture and reward systems, one important aspect needs more attention: changing expectations about what students should learn, particularly in college-level introductory STEM courses. This demands that faculty seriously discuss, within and across disciplines, how they approach their curricula.
Effect evaluation of standardized management of hypertension patients in rural area based on essential public health service

[Objective]To evaluate the effect of standardized management of hypertension patients in community based on essential public health service. [Methods]Multi-stage cluster random sampling was applied to select 3 132 hypertension patients aged 35 years or above to conduct baseline survey of chronic disease in Gaochun County in 2011. The community chronic diseases interventions including health education,health promotion,free medical diagnosis,regular follow-up were perform on subjects surveyed for 1year. The final survey was conducted in 2012. [Results]A total of 2 938 hypertension patients were investigated,the follow up rate was 93. 8%. The blood pressure awareness rate among patients was 87. 8% before intervention and 95. 0% after intervention. Before and after intervention,the blood pressure control rate,diastolic blood pressure,systolic pressure was 38. 0%,56. 8%;( 140. 29 ± 16. 308) mm Hg,( 136. 05 ± 12. 089) mm Hg;( 85. 02 ± 9. 985) mm Hg,( 83. 70 ± 7. 822) mm Hg respectively. The awareness rate of hypertension related knowledge among residents improved significantly,and ingestion of edible salt decreased,compared with before intervention,the difference was statistically significant.( P 0. 05). [Conclusion]Standardized management of hypertension patients based on essential public health service via community health centers has achieved certain effect. Implementation of interventions on the platform of community is an effective way to control hypertension.
How to Improve the Quality of Bilingual Education in Ordinary Universities

Bilingual education has become an internationally competitive culture of the compound bound forms of teaching talent,but bilingual education in China has not achieved good results.In this paper,improving the quality of bilingual education is a pre-requisite and two aspects,and analyzes the main problems in bilingual education.
Jacobian varieties of Hurwitz curves with automorphism group PSL.2; q/

The size of the automorphism group of a compact Riemann surface of genus g> 1 is bounded by 84.g 1/. Curves with automorphism group of size equal to this bound are called Hurwitz curves. In many cases the automorphism group of these curves is the projective special linear group PSL.2; q/. We present a decomposition of the Jacobian varieties for all curves of this type and prove that no such Jacobian variety is simple.
The Story of Vermont Yankee: A Cautionary Tale of Judicial Review and Nuclear Waste

This Essay explores the puzzle of Vermont Yankee v. NRDC. Vermont Yankee stands as a definitive rejection of judicial efforts to control burgeoning informal rulemaking by adding to the procedural requirements contained in the Administrative Procedure Act. Yet judicial expansion of the APA's procedural requirements has continued apace, and the Court's simultaneous sanction of searching substantive scrutiny sits oddly with its excoriation of the D.C. Circuit for that court's perceived procedural excesses. To understand Vermont Yankee, the Essay puts the decision in its administrative and judicial context, exploring the case law and practical dilemmas facing administrators, advocates, and judges as the case unfolded. The Essay argues Vermont Yankee is very much a creature of its time, when dramatic expansions in congressionally-mandated regulation led to multiple political and institutional struggles - between advocates and agencies, between agencies and courts, and between the Supreme Court and the D.C. Circuit. But the cautionary tale of Vermont Yankee has broader significance and demonstrates the challenges facing judicial review in the modern administrative state.
Hypertension with unsatisfactory sleep health (HUSH): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Insomnia is common in primary care medical practices. Although behavioral treatments for insomnia are safe, efficacious, and recommended in practice guidelines, they are not widely-available, and their effects on comorbid medical conditions remain uncertain. We are conducting a pragmatic clinical trial to test the efficacy of two cognitive behavioral treatments for insomnia (Brief Behavioral Treatment for Insomnia (BBTI) and Sleep Healthy Using the Internet (SHUTi)) versus an enhanced usual care condition (EUC). The study is a three-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. Participants include 625 adults with hypertension and insomnia, recruited via electronic health records from primary care practices affiliated with a large academic medical center. After screening and baseline assessments, participants are randomized to treatment. BBTI is delivered individually with a live therapist via web-interface/telehealth sessions, while SHUTi is a self-guided, automated, interactive, web-based form of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. Participants in EUC receive an individualized sleep report, educational resources, and an online educational video. Treatment outcomes are measured at 9 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months. The primary outcome is patient-reported sleep disturbances. Secondary outcomes include other self-reported sleep measures, home blood pressure, body mass index, quality of life, health functioning, healthcare utilization, and side effects. This randomized clinical trial compares two efficacious insomnia interventions to EUC, and provides a cost-effective and efficient examination of their similarities and differences. The pragmatic orientation of this trial may impact sleep treatment delivery in real world clinical settings and advance the dissemination and implementation of behavioral sleep interventions. ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT02508129 ; Date Registered: July 21, 2015).
Atomistic Simulation Derived Insight on the Irreversible Structural Changes of Si Electrode during Fast and Slow Delithiation.

Quantifying the irreversible chemical and structural changes of Si during cycling remains challenging. In this study, a continuous reactive molecular dynamics delithiation algorithm, with well-controlled potential gradient and delithiation rate, was developed and used to investigate the “natural” delithiation responses of an aluminum-oxide coated silicon thin-film. Fast delithiation led to the formation of dense Si network near the surface and nanoporosity inside the a-LixSi, resulting in 141% volume dilation and significant amount of Li trapped inside (a-Li1.2Si) at the end of delithiation process. In contrast, slow delithiation allowed the a-LixSi to shrink by near-equilibrium condition, demonstrating no permanent inner pore with nearly Li-free structure (a-Li0.2Si) and minimal volume dilation (44%). However, even without trapped Li, the delithiated a-LixSi still exhibited higher volume (lower density) than the equilibrium structure with the same Li concentration, despite delithiation rate. The origin o...
The Laruellean Clinamen: François Laruelle and French Atomism

According to Francois Laruelle, French thought has been unduly influenced by corpuscular or atomist thinking, yet Laruelle has himself employed key atomist terms—in particular, that of the clinamen or swerve—in framing his own style of thought. This essay looks at this tension between atomism and anti-atomism in Laruelle’s thought, taking the measure of his contribution to a larger stream of postwar French thinking about the relevance and stakes of ancient atomism. Its contention is that Laruelle subtly but really outlines a quantum theoretical resumption of ancient atomist philosophy—one that deserves closer attention and comparative study in the larger context of French philosophical interest in the atomists. A first section of the paper briefly describes Laruelle’s general project, along with his claim that he differs from his contemporaries because he uniquely escapes the dangers of what he calls corpuscular thought. A second section addresses the apparent tension between Laruelle’s claim to produce a non-corpuscular thinking and his consistent recent use of the atomist image of the clinamen, ultimately arguing that Laruelle sides with the clinamen against two forms of corpuscularity supposedly avoided by the clinamen itself but nonetheless usefully embodied in atomist thought. The final section of the paper draws up in preliminary terms a comparison between Laruelle’s understanding of his relationship to atomism and that of his contemporaries, focusing in particular on Alain Badiou.
Brr2 is a splicing fidelity factor

Many spliceosomal DExD/H box helicases act as fidelity factors during pre-mRNA splicing, promoting on-pathway interactions while simultaneously minimizing errors. Mutations linked to Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP), a form of heritable blindness, map to key domains of spliceosomal helicase Brr2 (SNRNP200 in humans). Previous data show that such mutations negatively impact spliceosome activation, likely due to defects in brr2-RP RNA binding, helicase, and ATPase activities. Furthermore, data from human reporter constructs suggest that brr2-RP might impact 5 prime splice site selection. Here we undertake a systematic analysis of brr2-RP effects on splicing fidelity. We show that a subset of brr2-RP mutants exhibit intron retention in vivo. Furthermore, brr2-RP mutants display hyperaccurate and/or error-prone splicing of a variety of splicing reporters. Branch-site fidelity is particularly impacted in this reporter assay. In addition, multiple brr2-RP alleles genetically interact with prp16 alleles known to impact the fidelity of branch site selection. Together these data implicate Brr2 in the fidelity of branch-site selection, and suggest that RP results not just from defects in spliceosome activation, but also from fidelity defects arising throughout the splicing cycle and in splicing fidelity.
Sign language acquisition

Cross-linguistic research shows that sign language acquisition follows developmental milestones similar to those of spoken language. Beginning with manual babble, babies learn to look at sign language and segment the visual signal into lexical and phonological units that they later learn to combine into syntactic structures, discourse, and narration. Children acquiring sign languages must learn to differentiate emotional from linguistic facial expression and to use three-dimensional space for linguistic contrasts. Motor development plays an important role in the acquisition of phonology but any iconic quality of signs does not.
Brain Serotonin Receptors and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Numerous pharmacological, biochemical and physiological studies have indicated that alterations in the brain serotonin system may be present in various neuropsychiatric disorders (Chase, 1974). In the past, the biochemical evidence presented to support this hypothesis has been primarily related to the study of presynaptic markers or events. For example, using autopsy material, it has been reported that the concentration of this indoleamine is significantly reduced in the basal ganglia of Parkinson patients (Hornykiewicz, 1966). In addition, the cerebrospinal fluid content of 5-hydroxyin-doleacetic acid, the major metabolite of serotonin, has been found to be significantly reduced in Parkinson’s disease and torsion dystonia (Chase, 1974).
Stem Cells for Traumatic Brain Injury

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability in the United States. Primary brain injury occurs at the scene of the trauma when kinetic energy disrupts brain tissue. Secondary brain injury begins hours after the trauma and is caused by neurochemical, metabolic, and cellular changes. Blood–brain barrier permeability increases from the toxic environment created by secondary injury mechanisms. The ensuing cerebral edema amplifies the inflammatory signal by exacerbating the initial ischemic injury. Current TBI management strategies minimize secondary injury, because the primary injury is irreversible. Preclinical data demonstrate that stem cell therapies downregulate the intrinsic inflammatory response to TBI and upregulate the antiinflammatory response. Clinical trials show that stem cell therapies for TBI are a safe and logistically feasible way to preserve brain matter volume to potentially improve neurocognitive outcomes. Understanding cell therapy mechanisms of action will guide future clinical trial design.
Functional connectivity in distinct cognitive subtypes in psychosis.

Abstract Background Cognitive dysfunction is common in psychotic disorders, and may reflect underlying pathophysiology. However, substantial cognitive heterogeneity exists both within and between diagnostic categories, creating challenges for studying the neurobiology of cognitive dysfunction in patients. The aim of this study was to identify patients with psychosis with intact versus impaired cognitive profiles, and to examine resting state functional connectivity between patient groups and compared to healthy controls to determine the extent to which patterns of connectivity are overlapping or distinct. Methods Participants with affective or non-affective psychosis (n = 120) and healthy controls (n = 31) were administered the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery, clinical and community functioning assessments, and an fMRI scan to measure resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). Cognitive composite scores were used to identify groups of patients with and without cognitive dysfunction. RSFC was compared between groups of patients and healthy controls, controlling for demographic and clinical variables. Results Both cognitively intact and cognitively impaired patients showed decreased intrinsic connectivity compared to controls in frontoparietal control (FPN) and motor networks. Patients with cognitive impairment showed additional reductions in FPN connectivity compared to patients with intact cognition, particularly in subnetwork A. Conclusions We leveraged the heterogeneity in cognitive ability among patients with psychosis to disentangle the relative contributions of cognitive dysfunction and presence of an underlying psychotic illness using resting state functional connectivity. These findings suggest at least partially separable effects of presence of a psychotic disorder and neurocognitive impairment contributing to network dysconnectivity in psychosis.
Real-Time Underwater 3D Reconstruction Using Global Context and Active Labeling

In this work we develop a novel framework that enables the real-time 3D reconstruction of underwater environments using features from 2D sonar images. Due to noisy and low-resolution imagery as compared with standard cameras, automatic feature extractors for sonar images are not reliable in many scenarios. Thus, a human often needs to hand-select features in sonar imagery for environment reconstructions. Given the high data capture rates of standard imaging sonars (on the order of 20Hz), hand-annotating the features in every frame cannot be done in real-time. To address this we use a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) that analyzes incoming imagery in real-time and proposes only a small subset of high-quality frames to the user for feature annotation. We demonstrate that our approach provides real-time reconstruction capability without loss in classification performance on datasets captured onboard our underwater vehicle while operating in a variety of environments.
La química del siglo XX y lo que nos depara el siglo XXI. Organic chemistry the last 50 years

The first question the reader might ask Why only organic chemistry? and why only the second half of the 20th century? One answer is to say that 1 am an organic chemist and that, since my independent career started in 1948, 1 arn a professional witness only to what happened in the second half of this century. But there are more cogent answers to the two questions. Were 1 to try to cover al1 of chemistry of the entire century with its many advances, for example in chemical instrumentation, this article would become entirely unwieldy.
Deep Lang: A Language Learning App Empowered by Deep Learning

With the amazing advancement of mobile technology, people can easily learn a new language from their mobile devices. Exploring popular language learning apps, we discovered that speech and handwriting recognition functionalities are lacking in these apps. To address this issue, we designed and implemented a deep learning-based language learning Android app that provides both speech recognition and handwriting recognition. We created the speech recognition module based on the Google Speech API, which supports speech recognition in 110 languages. For handwriting recognition, we created Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models that support dictation/handwriting training in Chinese and Japanese respectively.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Experience of Mindfulness Training among Police Officers.

The primary objective of this study was to qualitatively assess the experience of mindfulness-based resilience training (MBRT) among police officers. MBRT is an 8-week intervention designed to enhance police officer resilience in the context of acute and chronic stressors inherent to policing. MBRT has demonstrated preliminary efficacy in decreasing aggression, burnout, alcohol use, sleep disturbance, and improving cortisol reactivity, psychological flexibility, and non-reactivity. Participants (n = 5) were police officers who completed an individual semi-structured interview post-MBRT. A coding schema was developed to identify and categorize participant responses, and then applied the final coding framework to all participant interviews. Results revealed perceived improvements in intrapersonal and interpersonal functioning, benefits of MBRT, and strategies for overcoming potential barriers to mindfulness practice. These preliminary qualitative results are consistent with quantitative psychological and physiological MBRT outcomes and provide further support for MBRT feasibility and acceptability.
DDX3X and specific initiation factors modulate FMR1 repeat-associated non-AUG-initiated translation.

A CGG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the 5' UTR of FMR1 causes the neurodegenerative disorder Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). This repeat supports a non-canonical mode of protein synthesis known as repeat-associated, non-AUG (RAN) translation. The mechanism underlying RAN translation at CGG repeats remains unclear. To identify modifiers of RAN translation and potential therapeutic targets, we performed a candidate-based screen of eukaryotic initiation factors and RNA helicases in cell-based assays and a Drosophila melanogaster model of FXTAS. We identified multiple modifiers of toxicity and RAN translation from an expanded CGG repeat in the context of the FMR1 5'UTR. These include the DEAD-box RNA helicase belle/DDX3X, the helicase accessory factors EIF4B/4H, and the start codon selectivity factors EIF1 and EIF5. Disrupting belle/DDX3X selectively inhibited FMR1 RAN translation in Drosophila in vivo and cultured human cells, and mitigated repeat-induced toxicity in Drosophila and primary rodent neurons. These findings implicate RNA secondary structure and start codon fidelity as critical elements mediating FMR1 RAN translation and identify potential targets for treating repeat-associated neurodegeneration.
Communicative Support and Parental Knowledge among African American Residential Fathers: Longitudinal Associations with Adolescent Substance Use

The current examines how African American residential fathers’ communicative support and parental knowledge influence adolescents’ substance use across a 3-year period. Additionally, this study examines whether these associations vary for African American boys and girls. Participants were 665 African American adolescents (M = 13.1 years of age; 49% female) from the National Longitudinal Study of Youth-1997. All adolescents resided with their fathers or father figures. Individual and parallel process growth curve analyses examined how communicative support and parental knowledge were associated with initial levels and rate of change in African American adolescents’ substance use. Although African American girls exhibited higher initial levels of substance use, there was greater growth in boys’ substance use over time. Analyses indicated that residential fathers’ parental knowledge was associated with substance use over time for both girls and boys. Findings also revealed that demographic factors more strongly predicted father–daughter relational characteristics. Our study highlights how African American residential fathers’ parenting practices influence adolescent substance use. Further, this investigation suggests that gender and demographic variation in relation to African American girls’ and boys’ substance use is highly nuanced. Implications for prevention are discussed.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Parabacteroides distasonis Strain (CavFT hAR46) Isolated from a Gut Wall-Cavitating Microlesion in a Patient with Severe Crohn's Disease.

ABSTRACT Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) of the digestive tract in humans. There is evidence that Parabacteroides distasonis could contribute to IBD. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of a strain designated CavFT-hAR46, which was isolated from a gut intramural cavernous fistulous tract (CavFT) microlesion in a CD patient.
Media Strategies in Policy Advocacy: Tracing the Justifications for Indiana’s School Choice Reforms:

This study treats Indiana (2010-2018) as a case in which to examine media-based coverage, deliberation, and ethical and empirical framings as school choice reforms were being taken up and as they e...
Analysis of a GaN-Based CRM Totem-Pole PFC Converter Considering Current Sensing Delay

High-frequency soft-switched gallium-nitride (GaN) based critical conduction mode (CRM) totem-pole power factor correction (PFC) converter is one of the most potential candidates in data center power supplies. However, the high-speed cycle-by-cycle zero current detection (ZCD) brings challenges to zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) control. Current sensing delay (CSD) exists, and the ZCD circuit is sensitive to high di/dt switching noise. In this paper, mechanisms of the ZCD time error are elaborated, and impacts of the current sensing delay on converter switching frequency, inductor current, input current third harmonic distortion (THD), and power loss are analyzed. Qualification time is added within the controller for immunity to the swiching noise, and a CSD embedded converter model is proposed to compensate the ZCD time delay. Also, loss modeling of the CRM totem-pole PFC is conducted to aid in analysis of the proposed theory. A 1.5 kW single-phase CRM totem-pole PFC prototype is tested. Experimental results validiate the analysis, modeling, and the proposed compensation method for current sensing delay.
Syllable and diphthong classification in the medieval Welsh bardic grammars

The medieval Welsh bardic grammars, known as ‘Gramadegau’r Penceirddiaid,’ include an extensive system of classification to describe syllable and diphthong types. While much of the rest of the ling...
Abstract P486: Association Of Psychiatric History With Hypertension Among Adults Who Presented For Bariatric Surgery

Introduction: Poor psychological health is common among adults with extreme obesity (body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m2). While prior studies report an association between psychological conditions (i...
Uncertainty quantification in reconstruction of sparse water quality time series: Implications for watershed health and risk-based TMDL assessment

Abstract Despite the plethora of methods available for uncertainty quantification, their use has been limited in the practice of water quality (WQ) modeling. In this paper, a decision support tool (DST) that yields a continuous time series of WQ loads from sparse data using streamflows as predictor variables is presented. The DST estimates uncertainty by analyzing residual errors using a relevance vector machine. To highlight the importance of uncertainty quantification, two applications enabled within the DST are discussed. The DST computes (i) probability distributions of four measures of WQ risk analysis- reliability, resilience, vulnerability, and watershed health- as opposed to single deterministic values and (ii) concentration/load reduction required in a WQ constituent to meet total maximum daily load (TMDL) targets along with the associated risk of failure. Accounting for uncertainty reveals that a deterministic analysis may mislead about the WQ risk and the level of compliance attained with established TMDLs.
Tools, Languages, and Environments Used in Primary and Secondary Computing Education

With the advent of teaching primary and secondary computing education, tools, languages, and environments (TLEs) are important pedagogical support systems for students and teachers. While there are a number of resources available for teaching K-12 students and teachers, there is little synthesis of the data with respect to usage and adoption rates for various TLEs. Using data extracted from 510 articles related to K-12 education, we conducted an analysis using descriptive statistics to determine what TLEs in K-12 are most frequently studied by researchers. We found 193 TLEs being used in research studies and experience reports, then differentiate between these two types of data and between students and teacher professional development. This preliminary research provides a first descriptive analysis of TLEs being used in K-12 space and simultaneously sets the stage for creating a classification system for TLEs based on the literature, including how they are used and what topics (in or outside of computing education) they are used to teach.
Psychosocial and psychiatric comorbidities and health-related quality of life in alopecia areata: A systematic review

Background Alopecia areata (AA) is an immune-mediated disease resulting in nonscarring hair loss. Systematic reviews on the psychosocial and psychiatric comorbidities, health-related quality of life, and interventions targeting psychosocial well-being are limited. Objective To conduct a systematic review of the psychosocial comorbidities, health-related quality of life, and treatment options targeting psychosocial well-being in adult and pediatric AA patients. Methods A systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines within the PubMed database. Specific search terms included, but were not limited to, alopecia areata, psychosocial, psychiatry, and quality of life. Studies were then evaluated for their design and categorized into corresponding levels of evidence according to the guidelines adapted from the Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine. Findings Seventy-three reports met inclusion criteria, involving approximately 414,319 unique participants. AA patients were found to have psychiatric comorbidities, particularly anxiety and depression. Health-related quality of life is reduced in AA patients, but data on pediatric AA quality of life are limited. Psychotherapy is often recommended as adjuvant treatment. Conclusion AA has substantial psychosocial impact on patients and results in reduced health-related quality of life. Addressing this should be an active part of treatment.
A Mixed Method Examination of Law Enforcement Investigatory Strategies Used in Jihadi and Far-Right Foiled Terrorist Plots Before and After 9/11

Empirical research on the law enforcement strategies used to prevent terrorism has increased since the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Yet, few studies have examined how these preventative approaches vary based on terrorists’ ideological affiliations and across time. This study thus explores the similarities and differences in law enforcement investigatory strategies used to thwart global jihadi and far-right terrorist violence prior to and since the 9/11 terrorism events. Employing a convergent parallel mixed method research design, our study analyzes both quantitative and qualitative data on 86 terrorism enterprise investigations from the U.S. Extremist Crime Database (ECDB). The quantitative data analyses examine patterns relating to how investigations are initiated, the agencies involved, and the roles of human intelligence in foiling terrorist violence. Complementary qualitative case narratives are then used to explore in more detail the investigatory process for a subset of cases. We discuss several noteworthy findings that have implications for both law enforcement practitioners as well as future scholarly research.
The Effects of the Performance Based Financing (PBF) on Health Institutions Performance in Rwanda

Health Institutions in Rwanda are facing with various difficulties related to the responses they must reserve the needs of the population’s health. Infrastructures and equipment does not meet the needs of population, insufficiency of health staff and staffs no motivated and low motivation, the decrease of performance, etc. Hence the introduction of Contractual Approach (AC) or Performance Based Financing (PBF) policy was taken as a solution of the problem. The PBF was designed to improve health services performance. It seems that the performance goal is not yet effectively achieved because the complaints are still raising, rewashing and are felt in different health centers (HC) in Rwanda. Thus, the present study of the effects of the Performance Based Financing (PBF) on health institutions performance in Rwanda, case Rwamagana District Health Centers, period 2007-2010, seems valuable. The objectives of the study were to determine the level of staffs satisfaction and motivation by PBF; to identify the factors of motivation and measure the increasing performance increasing. The research adopted the descriptive design and the sample were 6 in 11 heath centers and a total 86 respondents in 172 staffs were selected randomly. The data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS v21, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and ANOVA Model were used. The study findings were revealed that the PBF is applied in Rwamagana District Health Centers, the PBF has the remarkable positive effects on Health Centers Performance, the staffs were good satisfied and motivated by PBF as the most factor of staffs motivation among others, the correlation between variables was the most significant and motivated (r = 0.771, P < 0.01).
Making, Cloning, and the Expression of Human Insulin Genes in Bacteria: The Path to Humulin.

In the mid- to late 1970s, recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid methods for cloning and expressing genes in E. coli were under intense development. The important question had become: Can humans design and chemically synthesize novel genes that function in bacteria? This question was answered in 1978 and in 1979 with the successful expression in E. coli of 2 mammalian hormones, first somatostatin and then human insulin. The successful production of human insulin in bacteria provided, for the first time, a practical, scalable source of human insulin and resulted in the approval, in 1982, of human insulin for the treatment of diabetics. In this short review, I give my personal view of how the making, cloning, and expressing of human insulin genes was accomplished by a team of scientists led by Keiichi Itakura, Herbert W. Boyer, and myself.
THE TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA WITH A PLANT STEROL

The ingestion of beta-sitosterol, a sterol derived from plants, brought about a significant reduction in the concentration of cholesterol in the serum of two siblings with familial hypercholesterolemia, forme fruste.
9 Genetic Methods in Mycobacteria

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the current state of mycobacterial genetics and the application of these methods to both fast- and slow-growing mycobacteria. The mycobacteria have been intensively studied for many years, particularly with regard to their general physiology, pathogenicity, interactions with the host and host responses. However, genetic approaches have been employed only more recently, and the development of genetic techniques in the mycobacteria has proven particularly challenging. While many factors have contributed to this, the most notable are the extremely slow growth rate, the propensity for mycobacterial cells to grow as clumps, and the virulence of these organisms. However, over the past ten years enormous strides have been made and today there is a reasonably facile and generally available genetic system, bringing new hope to the prospects of more rapid diagnostic methods, effective vaccines and novel treatments for the control of tuberculosis.
Money Demand in Mongolia: A Panel Data Analysis

This paper investigates if there is a significant money demand relationship in Mongolia. The data used is a panel data set covering 22 Mongolian regions over the period 1993-99. The static fixed effect, dynamic fixed effect, and the pooled mean group estimators all confirm the key role of monetary policy in stabilization and reveal that even in a transition economy as rudimentary as Mongolia, a stable money demand exists. In addition, the analysis points to an elasticity of money demand with respect to activity around 0.5, reflecting the larger role for transactions demand for money. Copyright 2002, International Monetary Fund
Simulating Internet worms

The accurate and efficient modeling of Internet worms is a particularly challenging task for network simulation tools. The atypical and aggressive behavior of these worms can easily consume excessive resources, both processing time and storage, within a typical simulator. In particular the selection of random IP addresses, and the sending of packets to the selected hosts, even if they are non-existent or not modeled in the simulation scenario, is challenging for existing network simulation tools. Further, the computation of routing information for these randomly chosen target addresses defeats most caching or on-demand routing methods, resulting in substantial overhead in the simulator. We discuss the design of our Internet worm models in the Georgia Tech Network Simulator, and show how we addressed these issues. We present some results from our Internet worm simulations that show the rate of infection spread for a typical worm under a variety of conditions.
Intracellular turnover, novel secretion, and mitogenically active intracellular forms of v-sis gene product in simian sarcoma virus-transformed cells. Implications for intracellular loop autocrine transformation

In simian sarcoma virus (SSV)-transformed cells (SSV-NRK, SSV-NIH 3T3, and SSV-NP1 cells), the v-sis gene product was synthesized as a 36-kDa glycopolypeptide with one endoglycosidase (Endo) H-sensitive oligosaccharide chain and formed a dimer (p72) with a half-time of less than 5 min. p72 was proteolytically processed to generate sequentially p68 and p58 in the endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi complex, p44 in the post-Golgi complex compartments, and p27 in an endosomal/lysosomal compartment. A portion (20-30%) of p72 and p68 later became Endo H-resistant but Endo F-sensitive. During processing, the v-sis gene products exhibited rapid turnover, possibly in the endoplasmic reticulum and/or Golgi complex. The rate of turnover correlated with the tumorigenicity previously reported in these SSV-transformed cells. All three SSV-transformed cells secreted v-sis gene product (p44). p44 was secreted but remained tightly associated with the cell surface. This novel secretion provided an efficient system for the interaction of p44 with the cell surface platelet-derived growth factor receptor which resulted in the intracellular formation of p27. A fraction of secreted p44 was converted extracellularly to a 27-kDa product (extracellular p27) after a longer time in culture. The identical N-terminal amino acid sequence of p44 and extracellular p27 (H2N-SLGSLSVAEPAMIA) indicated a preferential site (Lys110-Arg111) for the proteolytic processing. The intracellular turnover of the v-sis gene product and its correlation with tumorigenicity as well as the demonstration of mitogenically active intracellular forms of v-sis gene product support the hypothesis of intracellular loop autocrine transformation.
INCREASED SURVIVAL IN HYPEROXIA OF STREPTOZOTOCIN(SZ) RAT OFFSPRING IS NOT ASSOCIATED WITH LUNG ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME (AOE) OR SATURATED PHOSPHOLIPID LEVELS

Diabetic offspring (IDMs) have delayed functional and morphologic lung maturation. Biochemical delay of lung maturation in IDMs is controversial, with several studies reporting no differences in disaturated phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) compared to controls (C). We have previously reported increased survival in hyperoxia of newborn rats born to (SZ)-treated mothers (79% vs. 20% for C)(Peds. Res. 17:142A,1983). To determine whether developmental differences in AOE (superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GP)) or DSPC in IDMs could explain their improved survival in hyperoxia, pregnant rats were injected with 65 mg/kg SZ or saline (SAL), i.p., 24 hrs after mating. Mean blood sugar was 537 in SZ rats. SZ and SAL were sacrificed on gestational days 19,20,21 and 22 (term) and fetal lung tissue was analyzed for DSPC, SOD, CAT and GP. Results are expressed SAL/SZ; 2-4 experiments/age group, n=2-5 samples/expt.; *only observation significantly different, SZ vs. SAL, p <.05.
Nivolumab (anti-PD-1, BMS-936558, ONO-4538) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

In the era of genomic sequencing rapid strides have been made in understanding the molecular underpinnings of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and resulted in the development of highly effective therapies targeting specific molecular subsets of the disease. Response rates (RR) have increased dramatically from ~30% with cytotoxic chemotherapy to greater than 60% with biologic therapies such as erlotinib in patients with tumors harboring specific molecular alterations. However, despite the impressive activity of targeted therapy, durable responses are uncommon and tumors tend to develop resistance to treatment within months. Thus, there is a pressing need for the development of newer modalities of treatment for advanced lung cancer.
Experimental observation on grain boundaries affected by partial melting and garnet forming phase transition in KLB-1 peridotite

Abstract We report the microstructures of two different groups of recovered samples from natural peridotite KLB-1: one has gone through partial melting at 1.5 GPa, and the other group has gone through a solid phase transition from spinel peridotite to garnet peridotite at 5 GPa. Static melting in the KLB-1 sample is dominated by grain boundary melting for times less than 1 min. The melt evolves to the triple junctions for longer times ( t > 30 min). Analogous microstructures were also observed for the solid–solid phase transition studies in which spherical garnet grains form both in triple junctions and along olivine grain boundaries, while thin films (500 nm width) inter granular residues remain between the faceted olivine grains, which could be the relic of pyroxenes. The evolution of such morphologies has implication for the mechanical properties of the material. In addition, partial melting of KLB-1 peridotite occurs fast on a minute’s time scale. The chemistry for constructing the new phase is mostly available in adjacent grains, thus requiring little diffusion. Furthermore, grain boundary diffusion is probably much faster than bulk diffusion thereby facilitating the phase transitions. Thus the melting rate may be faster than the seismic time scale and may be a dominant factor in defining the seismic velocity and attenuation of partially molten regions.
HBCUs Propel African American Male Mathematics Majors

While researchers have examined the educational experiences of African American male students at historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs), researchers have neglected to adequately hone in on the mathematics experiences of African American male students at these institutions. Studies reporting on their mathematics experiences usually call attention to African American male students’ lack of mathematics preparation for collegiate mathematics and/or the difficulties these students experience in collegiate mathematics courses. This qualitative study, however, highlights the importance of HBCUs in producing successful African American male mathematics majors. Findings provide evidence that HBCUs provide supportive structures, mechanisms, and people, especially African American male mathematics professors, who contribute to the mathematical success of African American male mathematics majors.