cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The aerobic cultivation of bacillus histolyticus

A strain of B. histolyticus (No. 141) received from the Pasteur Institute in Paris in March, 1921, and described by me1 last year, was recently found capable of repeated and successive aerobic culture upon the surface of meat infusion and blood agar slants without resort to any method of reducing the oxygen pressure. The accuracy of this observation is guaranteed not alone by the unique pathogenicity, but as well by the particular combination of morphologic and cultural properties of this species which enable one to identify it without reference to its oxygen requirements.All authors dealing with B. histolyticus have regarded it as an obligate anaerobe and my own previous failure to observe aerobic growth can only be explained by my reliance upon meat extract, instead of meat infusion, agar slants, for detecting aerobic growth until recently. Even the growth upon meat infusion agar is extremely delicate and might be easily overlooked by any but a highly critical dye. My first supposition upon observing th...
Effect of Midazolam, Fentanyl and Propofol for Intravenous Anesthesia in Patients Undergoing the Cardioversion

Background: Elective cardioversion is a short procedure performed under amnesia, sedation or anesthesia for the treatment of cardiac dysrhythmia. Midazolam, fentanyl and propofol on hemodynamic changes and side effects were studied. Methods: Thirty patients scheduled for an elective cardioversion in the coronary care unit received propofol 500 μg/kg I.V., followed by a continuous infusion with 25-75 μg/kg/min until they lost consciousness as determined by cessation of response to verbal command. All patients received midazolam 0.02 mg/kg and fentanyl 2 μg/kg I.V. 5 minutes before induction. In addition, the cardiologist administrated the electric shock. Blood pressures and heart rates were measured prior to induction, after the administration of midazolam and fentanyl, after cardioversion, 5 minutes after cardioversion and recovery. The recovery time from terminating drug administration to awakening, and the total dose of propofol were recorded. Patients were observed for side effects. Results: Systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased 5 minutes after cardioversion and recovery. Heart rates were significantly decreased after cardioversion, 5 minutes after cardioversion and recovery. Recovery times were 22.1±14.9 minutes and the total dose of propofol was 0.79±0.39 mg/kg. Incidence of apnea (> 30 s) was 30%. Conclusions: We concluded that midazolam, fentanyl and propofol in patients undergoing an electric cardioversion decreased blood pressure and heart rate, but the cardiovascular status was maintained within clinically acceptable levels. (Korean J Anesthesiol 2001; 41: 284-288)
Abstract B13: Arizona cancer research network analysis: Discovery to delivery

Background: Networks are frequently viewed as important for moving innovation beyond the boundaries of individual organizations, especially for enhancing translational research. This study used social network analysis to discover the extent and nature of involvement in collaborative relationships among the key organizations participating in cancer research activities in Arizona. Methods: Data were collected in 2007 from 18 of 21 organizations involved in research in the Arizona Cancer Coalition, including academic institutions, private research institutes, and organizations dedicated to healthcare delivery, public health and support/advocacy. Key informants in each organization reported their collaborative relationships with every other organization in the Coalition for each of three types of cancer research activities, discovery, development, and delivery (3D). Data were analyzed using network analytic software (UCInet). Network measures included two global ‘whole network’ measures (network centralization and density) and one organizational level measure (degree centrality). Results: The results of the network analysis showed the most highly connected, or dense, network ties were found when cancer research focused on delivery, closely followed by discovery. Organizational centrality in the development network is highly and positively correlated with both centrality in the discovery (r=.71, p Conclusions: The research demonstrated how network analysis can be used to understand the extent to which organizations involved in cancer research are able to collaborate both within and across the 3D continuum. Findings suggested substantial differences in network involvement, depending on the type of research being conducted, while also demonstrating the key role played by a comprehensive cancer center in connecting organizations that might be involved in very different aspects of the research process. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(1 Suppl):B13.
Octupole correlations in low-lying states of Nd 150 and Sm 150 and their impact on neutrinoless double- β decay

We present a generator-coordinate calculation, based on a relativistic energy-density functional, of the low-lying spectra in the isotopes $^{150}\mathrm{Nd}$ and $^{150}\mathrm{Sm}$ and of the nuclear matrix element that governs the neutrinoless double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay of the first isotope to the second. We carefully examine the impact of octupole correlations on both nuclear structure and the double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay matrix element. Octupole correlations turn out to reduce quadrupole collectivity in both nuclei. Shape fluctuations, however, dilute the effects of octupole deformation on the double-$\ensuremath{\beta}$ decay matrix element, so that the overall octupole-induced quenching is only about $7%$.
Monocular Blindness as Presentation Manifestation of Neuroblastoma

A previously healthy 4-year-old patient was admitted with a 2-week history of extreme irritability with no apparent etiology on initial examination. Coincidentally, the child was noted to have intermittent strabismus involving the right eye. His visual acuity was 20/200 on the affected side with an afferent pupillary defect. On dilated direct ophthalmoscopy, a swollen optic disc was noted. There was no restriction of ocular movements. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and the orbits revealed a large, lobulated, contrast-enhancing mass in the region of the sphenoid bone (Figure 1A). The right optic nerve appeared to be completely surrounded by the mass (accounting for the edema of the optic disc on examination). Figure 1. A, 3.0T Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbits. T1-weighted postcontrast image demonstrating an enhancing mass in the region of the sphenoid bone with involvement of the sphenoid sinuses and posterior ethmoid air cells. The mass involves the ... Meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scan (using iodine-123-MIBG) showed evidence of diffuse metastases in axial and appendicular bones. The primary lesion was identified as a neuroblastoma involving the left adrenal medulla. Biopsy of the adrenal mass revealed round blue cells with scant cytoplasm and scattered Homer-Wright rosettes suggestive of neuroblastoma (Figure 1B). Cytogenetics revealed amplification of the Neuroblastoma MYC Oncogene (NMYC), which correlates with increased frequency of intracranial or orbital, liver, and lung metastasis.1 Neuroblastoma—the most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood—consists of cells derived from the neural crest. Patients presenting with blindness often have stage IV disease. At the time of initial diagnosis, up to 18% of children will have metastases to the cranial bones/orbit.1 Neurologists who encounter optic disc swelling should entertain a broad differential diagnosis and consider early imaging to avoid potentially fatal pitfalls.
Estudio semiótico de El embrujado de Ramón del Valle-Inclán

El embrujado by Ramon del Valle-Inclan, published first in 1913, did not enjoy a positive reception from the public and the critics. The play was not actually produced on stage until 1931 by the Teatro Munoz Seca. Even though critical reception was a bit more positive this time, the play did not achieve great public success. This essay constitutes a semiotic study of El embrujado by Ramon del Valle-Inclan, one of the five works that completes El retablo de la lujuria, la avaricia y la muerte. Through a methodic, semiotic analysis of the tragedy, we are able to unveil the linguistic and cultural resources utilized by the author to convey a specific meaning. This method will give us deeper insight into the techniques employed by Valle-Inclan for the formulation and transmission of the dramatic message. An analytical study of the symbiotic relationship between the dramatic signs and the language reveals how these signs influence and affect each other creating the typical “valleinclanian” atmosphere of superstition and mystery. The author uses religious/cultural codifications to create a particular impression of repulsion and scandal.
Spontaneous Intracranial Arterial Dissection

A 14 year-old male with intracranial carotid artery dissection had transient neurologic symptoms and no antecedent illness or trauma, as reported from the University of Kentucky. Lexington.
W-band sheet beam klystron design

Sheet beam devices provide important advantages for very high power, narrow bandwidth RF sources like accelerator klystrons. Reduced current density and increased surface area result in increased power capability, reduced magnetic fields for focusing and reduced cathode loading. These advantages are offset by increased complexity, beam formation and transport issues and potential for mode competition in the overmoded cavities and drift tube. This paper describes the design issues encountered in developing a 100 kW peak and 2 kW average power sheet beam klystron at W-band including beam formation, beam transport, circuit design, circuit fabrication and mode competition.
Analysis of factors temporarily impacting traffic sign readability

Abstract Traffic sign readability can be affected by the existence of dirt on traffic sign faces. However, among damaged signs, dirty traffic signs are unique since their damage is not permanent and they just can be cleaned instead of replaced. This study aimed to identify the most important factors contributing to traffic sign dirt. To do so, a large number of traffic signs in Utah were measured by deploying a vehicle instrumented with mobile LiDAR imaging and digital photolog technologies. Each individual daytime digital image was inspected for dirt. Location and climate observations obtained from official sources were compiled using ArcGIS throughout the process. To identify contributing factors to traffic sign dirt, the chi-square test was employed. To analyze the data and rank all of the factors based on their importance to the sign dirt, Random forests statistical model was utilized. After analyzing the data, it can be concluded that ground elevation, sign mount height, and air pollution had the highest effect on making traffic signs dirty. The findings of this investigation assist transportation agencies in determining traffic signs with a higher likelihood of sign dirt. In this way, agencies would schedule to clean such traffic signs more frequently.
Training strategies and outcomes of ab interno trabeculectomy with the trabectome

Plasma-mediated ab interno trabeculectomy with the trabectome was first approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2004 for use in adult and pediatric glaucomas. Since then, increased clinical experience and updated outcome data have led to its expanded use, including a range of glaucomas and angle presentations, previously deemed to be relatively contraindicated. The main benefits are a high degree of safety, ease, and speed compared to traditional filtering surgery and tube shunts. The increasing burden of glaucoma and expanding life expectancy has resulted in demand for well-trained surgeons. In this article, we discuss the results of trabectome surgery in standard and nonstandard indications. We present training strategies of the surgical technique that include a pig eye model, and visualization exercises that can be performed before and at the conclusion of standard cataract surgery in patients who do not have glaucoma. We detail the mechanism of enhancing the conventional outflow pathway and describe methods of visualization and function testing.
Thromboembolic Disease in Patients with Metastatic Femoral Lesions: A Comparison Between Prophylactic Fixation and Fracture Fixation.

Background: We are not aware of any previous studies that have compared the rate of venous thromboembolic events in patients who underwent prophylactic intramedullary nailing because of an impending fracture with the rate in patients who underwent intramedullary nailing after a pathological fracture. The objective of the present study was to determine if the rate of venous thromboembolic events varies between patients who are managed with prophylactic fixation and those who are managed with fixation after a pathological fracture. Methods: We performed a retrospective comparative study in which the Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was used to identify all patients who had undergone femoral stabilization, either for a pathological femoral fracture or for prophylactic fixation of femoral metastatic lesion, over a period of 10 consecutive years (between 2002 and 2011) in the United States. Demographic data, comorbidities, venous thromboembolic event rates, and other common postoperative complications were compared between the 2 groups. Results: Patients who were managed with prophylactic fixation had significantly higher rates of pulmonary embolism (p < 0.001; adjusted odds ratio, 2.1) and deep-vein thrombosis (p = 0.03; adjusted odds ratio, 1.5). Patients who were managed with fixation after a pathological fracture had a significantly greater need for blood transfusion, higher rates of postoperative urinary tract infection, and a decreased likelihood of being discharged to home (p < 0.001 for all). Conclusions: Patients with metastatic disease who undergo prophylactic intramedullary nailing have higher observed rates of venous thromboembolic events than those who undergo nailing for the treatment of a pathological fracture and should be actively and vigilantly managed in the postoperative period. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Modulation of Prothrombinse Assembly and Activity by Phosphotidylethanolamine.

Abstract 4207 Constituents of naturally occurring phospholipid membranes regulate the activity of the prothrombinase complex. In the present study we demonstrate that membranes containing phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine (PC:PE) bind factor Va with high affinity (K d ∼10 nM) in the absence of phosphatidylserine (PS). These membranes support formation of a functional prothrombinase complex though thrombin generation at saturating factor Va concentrations is reduced approximately 60-70% compared to membranes containing 5% or more PS. The presence of PE markedly enhances the catalytic efficiency of the prothrombinase complex on membranes containing 1% PS with only modest effects on membranes containing 5% or more PS. The effect of PE on factor Va membrane binding appears to be due to direct interactions between PE and factor Va rather than to changes in membrane surface packing. Finally, we find that soluble C6PE is able to bind to factor Va (K d ∼6.5 uM) and factor Xa (K d ∼ 91 uM). We also show that soluble C6PE is able to stimulate formation of a partially active factor Va-factor Xa complex capable of catalyzing conversion of prothrombin to thrombin in the absence of a membrane surface. We further demonstrate that C6PE and C6PS binding sites in factor Xa are linked, as binding of one lipid enhances the binding and activity of the other. These findings provide important new insights into the role of PE in assembly of the prothrombinase complex that are relevant to understanding the activity of factor Xa on the surface of platelets particularly in the early phases of hemostasis when the concentration of PS may be limiting. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva dissecting into the interventricular septum - A case report

Aneurysm of the sinus of Valsalva is rare and usually presents after rupture. Dissection of the interventricular septum by the aneurysm is even more rare. A 50-year-old man presented with a 3-month history of nonproductive cough and exertional dyspnea. Cardiac auscultation revealed a grade III/VI “t
Let’s start from the very beginning

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus likely evolved before the introduction of methicillin into clinical use.
Material Laws and Properties

We first discuss a typical, experimentally obtained stress–strain relationship and how such a complex relationship is simplified into either a linear elastic or elastic–plastic material law. We follow with an introduction to several material laws commonly used in simulating metals, synthetic-made materials, and biological tissues. We then describe experimental techniques frequently used for obtaining the material properties required by these material laws. Finally, the ranges of material properties commonly used in FE modeling are listed for reference.
Science DMZ: SDN based secured cloud testbed

Software Defined Networking (SDN) presents a unique opportunity to manage and orchestrate cloud networks. The educational institutions, like many other industries face a lot of security threats. We have established an SDN enabled Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) — Science DMZ to serve as testbed for securing ASU Internet2 environment. Science DMZ allows researchers to conduct in-depth analysis of security attacks and take necessary countermeasures using SDN based command and control (C&C) center. Demo URL: https : //www.youtube.corn/watchlv = 8yo2lTNV 3r4.
Burnout Syndrome: Global Medicine Volunteering as a Possible Treatment Strategy.

Abstract Background In the last few decades, “burnout syndrome” has become more common among clinicians, or at least more frequently recognized. Methods to prevent and treat burnout have had inconsistent results. Simultaneously, clinicians' interest in global medicine has increased dramatically, offering a possible intervention strategy for burnout while providing help to underserved areas. Discussion Caused by a variety of stressors, burnout syndrome ultimately results in physicians feeling that their work no longer embodies why they entered the medical field. This attitude harms clinicians, their patients and colleagues, and society. Few consistently successful interventions exist. At the same time, clinicians' interest in global medicine has risen exponentially. This paper reviews the basics of both phenomena and posits that global medicine experiences, although greatly assisting target populations, also may offer a strategy for combating burnout by reconnecting physicians with their love of the profession. Conclusions Because studies have shown that regular volunteering improves mental health, short-term global medicine experiences may reinvigorate and reengage clinicians on the verge of, or suffering from, persistent burnout syndrome. Fortuitously, this intervention often will greatly benefit medically underserved populations.
Impact of Gradation Change on Mechanical Behavior of Soil: DEM and Community Detection

A coarser soil structure resulted from fines loss may lead to change in hydraulic and mechanical properties which can cause significant settlement or failure of the levees, embankments and dams. This paper investigates mechanical consequence of gradation change induced by removal of finer particles in sand-gravel mixtures. Discrete Element Method (DEM) is used to conduct numerical triaxial tests of soils with prescribed loss of finer particles. A network-science based community detection method is used to characterize the force-chain networks of the soil samples under loading before and after loss of different amount of finer particles. A “community” refers to a set of particles which are closely connected with strong forces. The communities in a force-chain network can be detected by analyzing the inter-particle contact force data. Such communities can be quantified using intrinsic parameters such as community size (total number of particles in the community), strength (the total contact forces in the community), and morphology (the shape of the community). It is noticed that the effect of fines removal depends on the “size gap” between coarse particle and fines. Insights into the micro-mechanism can be gained from comparing the community parameters.
Background of Nonlinear Optics

The electromagnetic theory of light is implicit in the relationships, known as Maxwell’s equations, among associated electric and magnetic fields. The measures of these fields, termed intensities and inductions, are vector functions of space and time. Their physical significance is often a source of confusion.
Blood Pressure and ICP Dynamics in Severe Head Injury: Relation With CBF Autoregulation

There is controversy about the optimal blood pressure management in severely head-injured patients. Traditionally, high arterial blood pressure has been thought to break down the blood-brain barrier and cause cerebral edema, and therefore, antihypertensive therapy has been advocated [6]. However, when CBF is reduced, as is frequently the case in the first 24 hours, this procedure carries the risk of provoking cerebral ischemia by decreasing CPP, especially since AVDO2 is usually still high in this period [2]. Thus, maintaining adequate CPP may be more important than control of ICP per se. It has also been suggested that maintaining slightly elevated CPP, if necessary even by pharmacologically induced arterial hypertension, would prevent ICP “plateau” waves or even reduce ICP by autoregulatory vasoconstriction [9].
Cys298 is responsible for reversible thiol-induced variation in aldose reductase activity.

Aldose reductase (EC 1.1.1.21) has been purified to apparent homogeneity from a variety of tissues including placenta, brain, nerves, kidney, muscle and lens. Multiple molecular forms of aldose reductase have been claimed to be isolated from bovine lens (Jedziniak et al, 1971) and bovine kidney (Gabbay et al 1974). These forms were subsequently described by some authors whereas others found a single form only (for a review see Wermuth, 1985). Conversion by a reducing agent (s-mercaptoethanol) of one form to a more acidic but activity-retaining form was reported by Wermuth et al (1982), and differential susceptibility to inhibition of different enzyme forms was first described by Maragoudakis et al (1984). Nonlinear kinetics were often attributed to the presence of multiple forms. Thus, two kinetically distinct forms of human erythrocyte aldose reductase were postulated (Srivastava et al 1985) and the presence of bovine aldose reductase oxidized by oxygen radical generating systems was suggested as a possible cause for the nonlinear kinetics (Del Corso et al, 1987). More recently, data seem to firmly establish the existence of different forms of aldose reductase: “activated” and “unactivated” forms were isolated from bovine kidney (Grimshaw (1990) and their persistent peculiar kinetic behavior was then essentially rationalized (Grimshaw, 1991, Grimshaw et al 1990, Kubiseski et al, 1992). Recent advances in molecular biology led to the in vitro expression of rat lens aldose reductase (Old et al 1990) and human aldose reductase (Grundmann et al 1990, Carper et al 1990, Nishimura et al 1990, Bohren et al 1991). Multiple molecular forms of recombinant aldose reductase have so far not been reported with the exception of some charge heterogeneity that is evident upon isoelectric focusing (Bohren et al. 1991).
Computer-Supported Processes and Productivity

Short et al. humorously captured the limits of telecommunications environments. Though they may not help collaborators with biscuits, can they help them be more productive? While Chapter 3 addressed the basic theory of problems and their general impact on face-to-face group performance, this chapter looks at performance in the context of computer-supported group problem solving. We focus on how computer-mediation affects group productivity and how productivity may be enhanced by computer-supported processes and by effectively structuring interactions. The approach we take is based on Steiner’s three-fold thesis that group productivity is determined by the task to be solved, the resources available to the group, and the processes used to solve the task. The characteristics of the processes can either increase or decrease group productivity. We examine several process-related effects that affect productivity, including production blocking, anonymous communication, and evaluation apprehension, as well as various techniques that have been proposed for structuring group interactions to make them more effective. We describe how the attention of a group can be guided to improve productivity and mention several interaction and task structuring techniques including templates and voting.
Badass Athena triathletes: Athletic performativity and embodiment

Embodied subjectivity and athletic performativity require both mind and body to work together to achieve athletic goals and move beyond cultural barriers. This is perhaps best demonstrated by Athen...
When Smoke Does Not Always Mean There Is Fire: Using Isoproterenol for Better Visualization of the Left Atrial Appendage Prior to Transcatheter Closure

An 87-year-old man with atrial fibrillation, high thromboembolic risk, and history of dense spontaneous echo contrast (SEC) in the left atrial appendage (LAA) despite oral anticoagulation therapy was considered for transcatheter left atrial appendage closure (LAAC). Pre-procedural transesophageal
Full-Field Mode Shape Identification of Vibrating Structures from Compressively Sampled Video

Video-based techniques for structural dynamics have shown great potential for identifying full-field, high-resolution modal properties. One significant advantage of these techniques is that they lend themselves to being applied to structures at very small length scales such as MEMS devices and living cells. These small structures typically will have resonant frequencies greater than 1 Khz, thus requiring the use of high-speed photography to capture their dynamics without aliasing. High speed photography generally requires the structure-under-test (e.g. living cell) to be exposed to high levels of illumination. It is well-known that exposing delicate structures such as living cells to these high levels of light energy can result in damage to their structural integrity. It is therefore desirable to develop techniques to minimize the amount of illumination that is required to capture the modal properties of interest. This is particularly important given that the mechanical properties of living cells have recently been found to be of interest to the biomedical community. For example, it is known that changes in cell stiffness are correlated with grade of metastasis in cancer cells. Compressive sensing techniques could help mitigate this problem, particularly in fluorescence microscopy applications where cells are illuminated using a laser light source. Compressive sampling would allow for the cells to be exposed to the laser light with a significantly lower duty cycle, thus resulting in less damage to the cells. As a result the structural dynamics of the cells can be measured at increasingly high frequencies yielding new information about cellular material properties that can be coupled with biochemical cues to yield new therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, video-based techniques would benefit from the reductions in memory, bandwidth and computational requirements normally associated with compressive sampling. In this work we present a technique that intimately combines solutions to the blind-source separation problem for video-based, high-resolution operational modal analysis with compressive sampling.
Evaluating seasonal effect on forest leaf area index mapping using multi-seasonal high resolution satellite pléiades imagery

Abstract The forest canopy leaf area index (LAI) is an important structural variable directly affecting functions and structures of terrestrial plant ecosystems. Optical remote sensing techniques may provide an alternative in estimating and mapping plant LAI. However, existing studies on using very high resolution (VHR) multitemporal satellite imagery to map and investigate the seasonal effect on plant LAI at a landscape scale are rare. In this study, we proposed to map and analyze forest LAI using four seasonal Pleiades images and corresponding in situ seasonal LAI measurements collected over a natural forest area in the City of Tampa, Florida, USA. A subset of selected spectral/textural features was used to develop pixel-based seasonal LAI regression models through a two-step feature selection procedure and a canonical correlation analysis. Finally, seasonal changes of the mapped LAIs were analyzed and assessed. Several interesting experimental results were created through this study, including: (i) a set of optimal texture parameters for extracting the 1st- and 2nd-order grey level statistical textures from the Pleiades imagery was determined as a window size 5 × 5, a direction 90° and pixel displacement 4 pixels; (ii) textural features were more important than spectral features in estimating and mapping forest LAI, and red band has a higher power in mapping forest LAI than other three multispectral bands; (iii) the late spring Pleiades image resulted in the highest accuracy for estimating and mapping forest LAI; and (iv) there exists a significant seasonal change of forest LAI in the study area and the seasonal effect on forest LAI mapping can be assessed by using the multi-seasonal VHR satellite imagery at a landscape scale. A novel significance for this study is that it is the first time using both spectral and textural information extracted from the multi-seasonal VHR satellite images to assess the seasonal effect on forest LAI mapping at a landscape scale. Since the experimental results and findings were derived from a relatively small study area, further testing and validation work is needed over different forest ecosystems at a landscape scale.
Life Story Themes: A Qualitative Analysis of Recordings From Patients Approaching the End of Life:

Objective:To identify common themes and topics that patients nearing the end of life want to discuss when sharing their life stories.Methods:Twenty audio-recorded transcripts of open-ended intervie...
The role of personal and communal religiosity in the context of bereavement

AbstractReligion and spirituality often become relevant after the death of a loved one. In light of the multidimensionality of religion and spirituality, we investigate the role of communal religio...
Role of parasitic modes in nonlinear closure via the resolvent feedback loop

We use the feedback formulation of McKeon and Sharma [J. Fluid Mech. 658, 336 (2010)], where the nonlinear term in the Navier-Stokes equations is treated as an intrinsic forcing of the linear resolvent operator, to educe the structure of fluctuations in the range of scales (wave numbers) where linear mechanisms are not active. In this region, the absence of dominant linear mechanisms is reflected in the lack of low-rank characteristics of the resolvent and in the disagreement between the structure of resolvent modes and actual flow features. To demonstrate the procedure, we choose low Reynolds number cylinder flow and the Couette equilibrium solution EQ1, which are representative of very low-rank flows dominated by one linear mechanism. The former is evolving in time, allowing us to compare resolvent modes with dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) modes at the first and second harmonics of the shedding frequency. There is a match between the modes at the first harmonic but not at the second harmonic where there is no separation of the resolvent operator's singular values. We compute the self-interaction of the resolvent mode at the shedding frequency and illustrate its similarity to the nonlinear forcing of the second harmonic. When it is run through the resolvent operator, the “forced” resolvent mode shows better agreement with the DMD mode. A similar phenomenon is observed for the fundamental streamwise wave number of the EQ1 solution and its second harmonic. The importance of parasitic modes, labeled as such since they are driven by the amplified frequencies, is their contribution to the nonlinear forcing of the main amplification mechanisms as shown for the shedding mode, which has subtle discrepancies with its DMD counterpart.
An embodied, platform-invariant architecture for connecting high-level spatial commands to platform articulation

Abstract In contexts such as teleoperation, robot reprogramming, human–robot-interaction, and neural prosthetics, conveying movement commands to a robotic platform is often a limiting factor. Currently, many applications rely on joint-angle-by-joint-angle prescriptions. This inherently requires a large number of parameters to be specified by the user that scales with the number of degrees of freedom on a platform, creating high bandwidth requirements for interfaces. This paper presents an efficient representation of high-level, spatial commands that specifies many joint angles with relatively few parameters based on a spatial architecture that is judged favorably by human viewers. In particular, a general method for labeling connected platform linkages, generating a databank of user-specified poses, and mapping between high-level spatial commands and specific platform static configurations are presented. Thus, this architecture is “platform-invariant” where the same high-level, spatial command can be executed on any platform. This has the advantage that our commands have meaning for human movers as well. In order to achieve this, we draw inspiration from Laban/Bartenieff Movement Studies, an embodied taxonomy for movement description. The architecture is demonstrated through implementation on 26 spatial directions for a Rethink Robotics Baxter, an Aldebaran NAO, and a KUKA youBot. User studies are conducted to validate the claims of the proposed framework.
Photodynamic therapy of brain tumor stem cells overcomes drug-resistance in preclinical models (Conference Presentation)

Standard chemoradiation often enriches drug-resistant tumor cell populations that can lead to recurrent and treatment-refractory disease. For instance, preclinical models of several cancers suggest that the cancer stem cell subpopulation becomes enriched and re-populates the tumor milieu following conventional therapies. Here, we show evidence that photodynamic therapy (PDT) is effective against several patient-derived glioblastoma stem cell cultures. Moreover, sub-lethal PDT results in re-sensitization of cancer cell phenotypes with induced drug-resistance to chemotherapy. This talk will also introduce some of our efforts to establish a new program aimed at developing personalized and targeted PDT to overcome drug-resistance.
When power calculations won't do: Fermi approximation of animal numbers.

All animal protocols need quantitative justification of animal numbers, but not all will need power calculations.
Theories in Adult Learning and Education : A Book Review

Theories in adult learning and education is a book written in a form of study guide. The author divides the book into two parts. Part one describes the theories of learning; its definitions and its implications on adult learning and teaching. Part two focuses on the global trends of adults' participation in learning. The audience of the book are educators who involved in adult teaching and learning at secondary and post-secondary settings. Unlike traditional chapter books, this study guide challenges the reader by providing exercises and tasks. The purpose of the exercises and tasks is to invite the readers to reflect on their reading of the study guide and to facilitate the comprehension of the book. The book is a great reference in adult teaching and learning.
A COMPARISON OF PERIOPERATIVE STONE-FREE RATES AND COMPLICATIONS FOLLOWING UNILATERAL, SINGLE-ACCESS PERCUTANEOUS NEPHROLITHOTOMY BY ACCESS LOCATION IN 767 PATIENTS

Abstract Objective To compare perioperative outcomes between lower, mid, and upper pole access locations for patients undergoing single-access, unilateral percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Methods We queried our institutional PCNL database to include patients who had unilateral, single access procedures. We excluded patients who had a contralateral procedure during the same admission or multiaccess procedures. Patients were grouped by the site of PCNL access (lower, mid, or upper pole). Among groups, we compared postoperative day 1 (POD1) stone-free rates as measured by abdominal CT scan or plain-film X-ray and consequent need for a secondary procedure. We further compared postoperative complication rates. Results We included 767 patients for analysis, with the majority of access locations being in the lower pole (80.2%). Patients across groups had similar age, body mass index, and stone laterality. Patients with horseshoe kidneys more commonly had mid or upper pole access compared to lower pole. The percentage of patients with no residual stone fragments seen on POD 1 imaging was similar for lower, mid, and upper pole groups (57.7% vs 65.0% vs 61.6%, respectively; P = .526). Additionally, we observed no difference in the percentage of patients requiring a secondary procedure among the above groups (33.5% vs 22.5% vs 31.3%, respectively; P = .337). Patients experienced no difference in complications among groups. Conclusion When performing unilateral PCNL using a single site of access, we observed no difference in stone-free rates or complications between lower, mid, and upper pole locations. Appropriate selection of access location in PCNL should be individualized to patient factors and surgeon experience.
Sterilization plan of the used metered dose inhalers (MDI) to avoid wastage amid COVID-19 pandemic drug shortage

Background Coronavirus is causing a shortage of critical inhalers needed by patients with Asthma and respiratory illness. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol MDI. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have respiratory distress .[Hui et al 2020 ,and Center for Drug Evaluation and Research 2020] During the COVID pandemic, there has been a drastic increase in the use of MDI inhalers; therefore, it led to a decrease in availability and a break in the supply chain. Patients with Asthma are at higher risk if they tract the novel Coronavirus, and an inhaler could be a life or death for them. As the coronavirus continues to spread, hospitals are turning to use more salbutamol Metered Dose inhaler (MDI). Salbutamol MDI is now on short supply as the COVID-19 continues to spread. Salbutamol MDI has become the line of defence for physicians in the emergency room who are treating patients with COVID-19 and have respiratory distress. The current shortage of salbutamol MDI could be a result of stockpiling and hoarding of this life-saving inhaler. That had led to a critical shortage of Salbutamol MDI, and even the case shortage continues with some other alternatives such as Ipratropium MDI and even with long-acting B-agonists such as Salmeterol and Formoterol which also starting to have a limitation on ordering these agents. Coronavirus sparks fear of medication shortage. Coronavirus panic-buying also may have led to a shortage of critical inhalers. We have also got elderly patients with COPD who may need Ventolin MDI and also premature babies who may have caught Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and need salbutamol MDI to support their lungs have since been compromised, and they rely heavily on Asthma inhalers. Finding a safe and creative strategy is essential during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Patient-reported outcomes for diabetes and hypertension care in low- and middle-income countries: A scoping review

Introduction Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) assess patients' perspectives on their health status, providing opportunities to improve the quality of care. While PROMs are increasingly used in high-income settings, limited data are available on PROMs use for diabetes and hypertension in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). This scoping review aimed to determine how PROMs are employed for diabetes and hypertension care in LMICs. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov for English-language studies published between August 2009 and August 2019 that measured at least one PROM related to diabetes or hypertension in LMICs. Full texts of included studies were examined to assess study characteristics, target population, outcome focus, PROMs used, and methods for data collection and reporting. Results Sixty-eight studies met the inclusion criteria and reported on PROMs for people diagnosed with hypertension and/or diabetes and receiving care in health facilities. Thirty-nine (57%) reported on upper-middle-income countries, 19 (28%) reported on lower-middle-income countries, 4 (6%) reported on low-income countries, and 6 (9%) were multi-country. Most focused on diabetes (60/68, 88%), while 4 studies focused on hypertension and 4 focused on diabetes/hypertension comorbidity. Outcomes of interest varied; most common were glycemic or blood pressure control (38), health literacy and treatment adherence (27), and acute complications (22). Collectively the studies deployed 55 unique tools to measure patient outcomes. Most common were the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (7) and EuroQoL-5D-3L (7). Conclusion PROMs are deployed in LMICs around the world, with greatest reported use in LMICs with an upper-middle-income classification. Diabetes PROMs were more widely deployed in LMICs than hypertension PROMs, suggesting an opportunity to adapt PROMs for hypertension. Future research focusing on standardization and simplification could improve future comparability and adaptability across LMIC contexts. Incorporation into national health information systems would best establish PROMs as a means to reveal the effectiveness of person-centered diabetes and hypertension care.
Emergence of perceptual states in mosquitoes using virtually perceived spatial cognitive abilities: Solution for Complex Problems

Perceptual learning (PL)—experience-induced improvements in how people interpret and retrieve information—seems to play a bigger role in diverse cognitive functions, including abstract and conceptual domains, than previously assumed. While many nonhuman animals have their own forms of "technology", such as mosquitoes who create and use tools, in environments the opportunity to actively participate with interactive technology is not often made available. When interactive technology is available, mosquitoes often selectively choose to engage with it. This enhances the mosquito’s sense of control over their immediate surroundings. Our study proposed research questions and hypothesis to identify how insect cognitive system with fewer neurons and vertebrate brains can be a model system for research on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Machine learning, since Internet of Things devices also have limited processing and low storage.
Pharmacy Students' Knowledge and Confidence of Penicillin Allergies Following Focused Didactic Instruction and Simulation.

Objective. To evaluate pharmacy students’ knowledge and confidence regarding penicillin allergy assessment and skin testing (PAAST) before and after a focused didactic instruction and simulation (FDIS). Methods. A multicenter, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional survey study was performed among pharmacy students before and after FDIS on PAAST at two schools of pharmacy. The FDIS on PAAST consisted of an infectious disease faculty-led seminar, student-led penicillin allergy counseling interviews, penicillin skin testing simulation, and case studies to assess penicillin allergy scenarios and management. An anonymous, voluntary, electronic survey was distributed to students (n=159) before and after the FDIS. The pre- and post-intervention survey contained ten PAAST knowledge-based questions and multi-step, 5-point Likert scale statements related to confidence of PAAST. The post-intervention survey also evaluated students’ perceptions of the FDIS on PAAST. Descriptive statistics were performed, and the Student t-test was used to compare pre- and post-intervention responses. Results. One-hundred and forty-three surveys were completed resulting in a survey response rate of 90%. PAAST knowledge scores (mean±SD) increased overall following the FDIS on PAAST (6.67±1.51 vs. 7.81±1.39). Knowledge scores increased considerably for questions related to penicillin allergy consequences, cross-reactivity, and correct steps of PAAST. Pharmacy students’ PAAST confidence scores (mean±SD) also improved following the interactive instruction and simulation (2.30±0.70 vs. 3.22±0.67) with considerable confidence increases in penicillin skin testing. Pharmacy students’ perceptions of the FDIS on PAAST were also positive overall. Conclusion. Pharmacy students’ knowledge and confidence of PAAST improved following FDIS. This may be an effective strategy to implement PAAST education during pharmacy school.
Prediction of Cognitive Decline Using Heart Rate Fragmentation Analysis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.

Background: Heart rate fragmentation (HRF), a new non-invasive metric quantifying cardiac neuroautonomic function, is associated with increasing age and cardiovascular disease. Since these are risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia, in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA), we investigated whether disrupted cardiac neuroautonomic function, evidenced by increased HRF, would be associated with worse cognitive function assessed concurrently and at a later examination, and with greater cognitive decline. Methods: HRF was derived from the ECG channel of the polysomnographic recordings obtained in an ancillary study (n = 1,897) conducted in conjunction with MESA exam 5 (2010-2012). Cognitive function was assessed at exam 5 and 6.4 ± 0.5 years later at exam 6 (2016-2018) with tests of global cognitive performance (the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument, CASI), processing speed (Digit Symbol Coding, DSC) and working memory (Digit Span). Multivariable regression models were used to quantify the associations between HRF indices and cognitive scores. Results: The participants' mean age was 68 ± 9 years (54% female). Higher HRF at baseline was independently associated with lower cognitive scores at both exams 5 and 6. Specifically, in cross-sectional analyses, a one-standard deviation (SD) (13.7%) increase in HRF was associated with a 0.51 (95% CI: 0.17-0.86) points reduction in CASI and a 1.12 (0.34-1.90) points reduction in DSC. Quantitatively similar effects were obtained in longitudinal analyses. A one-SD increase in HRF was associated with a 0.44 (0.03-0.86) and a 1.04 (0.28-1.81) points reduction in CASI and DSC from exams 5 to 6, respectively. HRF added predictive value to the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE-APOE-e4) risk score and to models adjusted for serum concentration of NT-proBNP, an analyte associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. Conclusion: Increased HRF assessed during sleep was independently associated with diminished cognitive performance (concurrent and future) and with greater cognitive decline. These findings lend support to the links between cardiac neuroautonomic regulation and cognitive function. As a non-invasive, repeatable and inexpensive probe, HRF technology may be useful in monitoring cognitive status, predicting risk of dementia and assessing therapeutic interventions.