cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Basic properties of magnetic flux tubes and restrictions on theories of solar activity

It is shown that the mean longitudinal field in a magnetic flux tube is reduced, rather than enhanced, by twisting the tube to form a rope. It is shown that there is no magnetohydrostatic equilibrium when one twisted rope is wound around another. Instead there is rapid line cutting (neutral point annihilation). It is shown that the twisting increases, and the field strength decreases, along a flux tube extending upward through a stratified atmosphere.
Transplantation of CG4 oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in the myelin-deficient rat brain results in myelination of axons and enhanced oligodendroglial markers

Transplantation of oligodendrocyte (Ol) progenitor cells into the central nervous system is a promising approach for the treatment of myelin disorders. This approach requires providing adequate numbers of healthy cells with myelinating potential. We recently showed the successful transplantation of Ol progenitors into the myelin-deficient (md) rat brain. In the present work, CG4 cells, a cell line with properties of Ol progenitors, were labeled with fast blue and grafted into P3–P5 pups born to carrier mothers. Examination of host brains 2 weeks posttransplant indicated that CG4 cells display a much more extensive migration capacity than their wild-type counterparts. These cells synthesized myelin components. In addition, ultrastructural analysis showed myelin formation along axons of md hosts in various brain regions, including corpus callosum, cerebellum, and brainstem. Furthermore, in situ hybridization studies performed on sagittal sections revealed extensive expression of transferrin-mRNA within the md host parenchyma. The high survival and functional features displayed by CG4 cells after transplantation, together with their striking wide distribution within the host parenchyma, as assessed by the presence of myelinated fibers in mutant hosts, emphasizes the importance of using highly motile and proliferative Ol progenitor cells. Strategies to improve the condition and life span of md rat pups are currently under investigation. J. Neurosci. Res. 50:872–887, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
3,4-Propylenedioxypyrrole-Based Conjugated Oligomers via Pd-Mediated Decarboxylative Cross Coupling

An effective decarboxylative cross-coupling involving a 3,4-dioxypyrrole is reported. Several conjugated oligomers were synthesized in high yields using various aryl bromides. No copper salt or oth...
Comparison of two methods of modeling stationary EEG signals

This paper compares the performances-when applied to stationary EEG signals-of two methods of modeling stochastic time-series; viz, a maximum-likelihood search method for a mixed autoregressive and moving-average time-series, and the well-known method of least-squares identification of a prefiltered autoregressive series. Computing effort per step is derived for different-order search strategies, expressed in the number of a set of basic operations and aiso in equivalent number of likelihood function evaluations. Power spectra and total computing effort are evaluated and compared for four representative EEG samples. It appears that the least-squares method is generally superior because iteration is not needed, and in spite of the fact that higher orders are needed instead.
Rendering the Transient Hot Wire Experimental Method for Thermal Conductivity Estimation to Two-Phase Systems—Theoretical Leading Order Results

The transient hot wire experimental method for estimating the thermal conductivity of fluids and solids is well established as the most accurate, reliable, and robust technique. It essentially relies on a simple analytical formula derived from the solution of the heat conduction from a line heat source embedded in the target medium. This simple and elegant analytical formulation was derived for uniform and homogeneous fluids or solids. Its extension to two-phase or composite systems, while in practical application, does not have any theoretical basis, and it is by no means obvious that the latter may be applied without corrections to such heterogeneous systems. When it is actually applied as for single-phase systems, it is clearly incorrect. This paper presents preliminary results at the leading order (in the sense of an expansion of the solution in powers of time, applicable to short time scales, consistent with the validity of the transient hot wire method), which render the transient hot wire method to two-phase and composite systems. While these leading order approximations extend the applicability of the same analytical formula to two-phase systems, they also produce additional conditions that need to be fulfilled for such an application to provide reliable experimental results.
PH-20 but not acrosin is involved in sperm penetration of the macaque zona pellucida.

In this study, we investigated the functions of PH-20 and acrosin during the interaction of macaque sperm with the zona pellucida. Both of these sperm enzymes have been reported to be present on the inner acrosomal membrane of acrosome reacted sperm, and have been suggested to play a role during secondary sperm-zona binding in other species. Anti-macaque PH-20 IgG, anti-pig acrosin IgG and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI) were used as probes for immunolocalization of the two proteins at the ultrastructural level, and as reagents for blocking sperm penetration of the macaque zona pellucida in vitro. As a control, we performed similar studies with antibodies to CD-46, which is also located on the inner acrosomal membrane, but has no known function in sperm-zona pellucida interaction. After labeling with anti-acrosin IgG, gold label was not present on the sperm surface before the acrosome reaction, but was detected over the entire head of sperm that were induced to acrosome react with calcium ionophore A23187. In contrast, when sperm were induced to acrosome react by binding to intact zona pellucida, acrosin was present in the acrosomal shroud but not on the inner acrosomal membrane. Similar results were obtained when SBTI was used as a probe for enzyme localization. PH-20 and CD-46 were demonstrated on the inner acrosomal membrane of sperm induced to acrosome react by ionophore treatment and by zona binding. Neither anti-acrosin IgG nor anti-CD-46 IgG affected sperm penetration of the zona at concentrations up to 300 μg/ml, but zona penetration was blocked completely when anti-PH-20 IgG (100 μg/ml) was present during sperm-oocyte interaction. Ultrastructural observations of oocytes incubated with anti-PH-20 IgG showed that acrosomal shrouds were present on the zona surface but no sperm had begun to penetrate into the zona substance. We conclude that anti-PH-20 IgG prevented sperm penetration of the macaque zona pellucida by interference with secondary sperm-zona binding, rather than primary sperm-zona binding or the zona-induced acrosome reaction. Acrosin was not detected on the inner acrosomal membrane of sperm that are induced to acrosome react after zona binding, and acrosin does not appear to be critical for sperm penetration of the macaque zona pellucida. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 53:350–362, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Evaluating the “Asian Culture/Asian Success” Hypothesis

ABSTRACT East Asia's rapid economic growth has frequently been explained in terms of Asian cultural considerations–the “Asian Culture/Asian Success” hypothesis. This paper examines the basis for this thinking from various disciplinary perspectives and raises questions about the information required to test it. Macro level inference is not conclusive in view of the many factors operating–some economic, some historic, and some cultural–and the inability to replicate the relevant experiences over time. Micro level tests are challenging but, perhaps, more promising. At the individual respondents' level, it will be necessary to develop information about individual and social cultural views, business behaviors, and their implications for business results. Such data may make it possible to trace the effects of culture on economic performance but may not provide a clear test of the “Asian Culture/Asian Success” thesis.
LOAD SHARING VERSUS SERVICE BALANCING IN INTEGRATED NETWORKS

As third and fourth generation cellular/wireless networks evolve, operators must learn to efficiently manage diverse services, and multiple networks consisting of varying technologies, cell sizes, and frequency bands. Architectural studies on integrated heterogeneous networks suggest that vertical handovers can be used to increase network efficiency. We propose that carefully-controlled load distribution can also promote Quality of Service (QoS) goals for the diverse services. This study compares session overflow and session placement algorithms in order to determine their effects on efficiency and QoS.
Biogeochemistry of dissolved hydrogen sulfide species and carbonyl sulfide in the western North Atlantic Ocean

Abstract The biogeochemistry of total sulfide dissolved in the open ocean is a poorly understood component of the global sulfur cycle. Here, the cycling of total sulfide was examined in the western North Atlantic Ocean using specially developed sampling and analytical methods. Total sulfide (particulate + dissolved sulfide) concentrations ranged from
Personal Logic and Christian Affirmation

WO of the strongest influences upon the Philosophy of Religion at the present time are Existentialism and Linguistic Analysis. This being so, it is strange that so little has been done with the "logical form of the personal" which John Macmurray proposed in his Gifford Lectures of 1953 and 1954, for in them he sought to speak to a contemporary philosophical situation in which both Existentialism and Analysis are symptoms of a problem which neither alone can solve. Existentialism, he argued, correctly sees the crisis of the present time as the result of philosophy's failure to overcome the Cartesian dualism and to speak cogently and profoundly of the personal. Linguistic Analysis is also correct in that it perceives the need of this day to be the discovery of an adequate logical form. But each has failed to meet that aspect of the total problem to which the other particularly addresses itself. Macmurray's attempt was to analyse the nature of the self in such a way that a logical paradigm would emerge for the discussion of that which had to do with the self of that which was personal and relational. It is impracticable to follow the closely woven thread of his argument in a paper of this size, and readers are referred to his two volumes, The Self As Agent and Persons In Relation. Our present purpose is to take his conclusion, the proposal of a logical form which will be adequate to carry personal propositions, and to explore ways in which it may help us to analyze certain significant religious terms. In short, then, Macmurray saw the self as primarily active and secondarily reflective. This reflection existed, so to speak, within the acting and for its sake, determining its shape. But it is action which brings us into contact with others and which, therefore, causes the emergence of a self in the first place. The mistake of traditional philosophy has been to begin with a concept of the self as reflective, and thereupon to fall into the Cartesian dualism of subject and object. The self is an agent within whom is a subject; its subjecthood is a "negative" pole constitutively engaged with the "positive" pole of its agenthood. From this conception Macmurray moved on to suggest that the logical form of personal affirmations must parallel the structure of the self. A personal statement must be so made that it represents a "positive" which contains and is constituted by its own "negative" pole. It may seriously be questioned whether what we have in this proposal really represents a "logical form," and there appears to be some danger that in affirming this form as proper to "personal" propositions we shall be too arbitrary, unnecessarily forcing all personal statements into a stereotyped pattern. Nevertheless it does appear that Macmurray has at least provided an interesting tool for the analysis of propositions and terms which have to
Impact of stitch density on seam strength, seam elongation, and seam efficiency

The study investigated seam efficiency, seam strength and seam elongation of three stitch densities for a premium muslin. The tensile and seam strength were tested on INSTRON. Seam efficiency was calculated in percentages and t-test and Analysis of Variance ( [smallcapital anova]) were used to test the hypotheses. Findings provided scientific basis for conventional practices in the field. Possibilities for future extension of the work are discussed.
CELL MORPHOLOGY IN TISSUE UNDERLYING SKIN GRAFTS.

Host tissue underlying skin homografts and isografts was removed 4 to 8 days after grafting and fixed in osmium tetroxide for electron microscopy. The skin homograft bed was composed of a dense mass of cells, with bundles of collagenous fibers interspersed. Two types of large, elongated cells with elongated nuclei were commonly seen, one characterized by extensive granular endoplasmic reticulum and the other by masses of free ribosomes. The former corresponds to descriptions of fibroblasts and the latter resembles a lymphoid cell but is considerably larger than those seen in peripheral blood. These two cell types contain most of the ribosomes present in the graft bed. Numerous macrophages and neutrophils were present also. The skin isograft bed was similar except that no large elongated cells with masses of free ribosomes were found. The cell types identified with the electron microscope correspond to the cell types proposed earlier on the basis of light microscope radioautography with thymidine-H3. It is suggested that the elongated, hypertrophied, lymphoid cell, rather than the macrophage, is responsible for homograft rejection.
A comparison of the role of the motor cortex in recovery from cerebellar damage in young and adult rats.

These experiments compare the motor development of rats with hemicerebellectomies performed at 10, 15, or 21 days of age. In addition, the effects of secondary motor cortex lesions are contrasted in these young-lesioned groups and in adults with similar cerebellar damage after the same post-operative interval. Of the young-lesioned groups, the 10-day operates showed the longest persistence of cerebellar symptoms, while the 21-day animals recovered normal motor patterns most quickly. The adult operates were also comparatively slow to eliminate motor behaviors characteristic of cerebellar damage. Following secondary bilateral motor cortex ablation, the greatest reinstatement of cerebellar symptoms occurred in the 10-day group, while the 21-day animals and adults were the least affected. These results are discussed in terms of possible mechanisms of functional recovery in the young and adult groups.
Homicide during teenage years — The ten year Metro-Dade County experience from 1973 to 1982

Abstract This article studies teenage homicide victims in Metro-Dade County, Miami, FL, U.S.A., between the years 1973 through 1982. A total of 263 cases were selected. Cases were then analyzed with respect to age, race, sex, cause of death, scene circum-stances, alcohol and drugs detected at autopsy. A discussion follows that highlights these parameters from the standpoint of adolescence and the changing modern society.
Remarks about the Inviscid Limit of the Navier–Stokes System

In this paper we prove two results about the inviscid limit of the Navier-Stokes system. The first one concerns the convergence in H s of a sequence of solutions to the Navier-Stokes system when the viscosity goes to zero and the initial data is in H s . The second result deals with the best rate of convergence for vortex patch initial data in 2 and 3 dimensions. We present here a simple proof which also works in the 3D case. The 3D case is new.
Social exchanges of infertile women.

There is little information on the consequences of being infertile. A phenomenological study was conducted to determine the meaning of infertility to women. Forty-eight women with diverse socioeconomic backgrounds and conditions of infertility were interviewed in a completely unstructured format. The most striking findings were the complexity and tenuousness of the women's social exchanges with intimates, friends, and strangers. Coercive and rejecting interactions were noted. The findings of the study were compared with literature concerning the ambivalent nature of social support. The uniqueness of infertility and the need for further research on its social consequences are discussed.
Comparison of clindamycin, metronidazole, and penicillin for the treatment of experimental infections in mice caused by β-lactamase-producing Bacteroides intermedius

Turbid saline suspensions (0.35 ml, approximately 10(9) organisms) of a strain of beta-lactamase-producing Bacteroides intermedius were injected subcutaneously into the right groin of ICR male mice. Therapeutic intraperitoneal doses of clindamycin, metronidazole, or penicillin were administered 4 hr later, and thereafter at successive 8-hr intervals for a total of 12 doses. Necropsy with culture of the infection site was performed 4 hr after the final dose. None of 10 clindamycin-treated animals and none of 10 metronidazole-treated animals developed abscesses, and all cultures taken from the injection sites were sterile. Eight of 10 (80%) penicillin-treated animals developed subcutaneous abscesses; B. intermedius was recovered in pure cultures from all abscesses at necropsy. Nine of 10 (90%) untreated control animals inoculated with the same beta-lactamase-producing B. intermedius strain developed abscesses, all of which were culture-positive. The data indicate that treatment with clindamycin and metronidazole prevented the formation of subcutaneous abscesses in mice inoculated with a beta-lactamase-producing strain of B. intermedius. On the other hand, penicillin failed to prevent the formation of abscesses, 80% of which grew the inoculated organism.
AQUIL: A CHEMICALLY DEFINED PHYTOPLANKTON CULTURE MEDIUM FOR TRACE METAL STUDIES12

The medium Aquil and its variations have been successfully used for trace metal studies of marine phytoplankton (diatoms and dinoflagellates) over the past three years. Here, the recipes, the methods of preparation and the chemical composition of Aquil are presented in detail. To permit complete definition of chemical speciation of the various components as calculated from thermodynamic equilibria, trace element contamination is controlled and the formation of precipitates and adsorbates is avoided. It is established that Aquil is suitable for physiological experiments with a variety of marine phytoplankters representing all major phyla. Modifications of the basic recipe and design of chemically defined media in general are discussed.
Strain-based Electrical Properties of Systems of Carbon Nanotubes Embedded in Parylene

We have fabricated flexible electronic devices to test the strain-based change in resistance of a network of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) for use in microscale, high resolution magnetometry. To do this, we first develop a simple, reliable method to obtain catalyst nanoparticles for carbon nanotube growth through indirect, thin-film evaporation. Next we fabricate a two-terminal SWCNT device on a rigid substrate. We then transfer the device, intact, to a flexible substrate for strain testing. Herein, we report progress in growth and measurement techniques.
Current topic: HLA and reproduction: Lessons from studies in the Hutterites

Abstract The paradoxical observation that maternal fetal incompatibility with respect to human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genes was not associated with spontaneous abortion, stillbirths or developmental abnormalities led to the hypothesis that fetuses with paternally-derived HLA that differ from maternal HLA may enjoy a selective advantage during pregnancy. If true, then couples who share HLA should experience poorer reproductive outcome than couples not sharing IILA. Numerous, retrospective studies of parental HLA sharing and fetal wastage in humans have yielded conflicting results and discrepancies are difficult to reconcile because of methodological differences among studies and potential heterogeneity among subjects. To explore the hypothesis that maternal fetal HLA compatibility is deleterious in human pregnancy, we initiated prospective and population-based studies in the Hutterites, a religious isolate that lives communally and proscribes contraception. Our data suggest that HLA-DR-linked genes may affect fertilization or implantation and HLA-B-linked genes may contribute toward recognized fetal loss. Discrepant results among retrospective studies of outbred couples may be due to the fact that more than one HLA region influences reproductive outcome and that the genes influencing fertility may not be HLA genes per se, but loci in linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B and HLA-DR.
Oral advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) promote insulin resistance and diabetes by depleting the antioxidant defenses AGE receptor-1 and sirtuin 1.

The epidemics of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) affect the first world as well as less-developed countries, and now affect children as well. Persistently elevated oxidative stress and inflammation (OS/Infl) precede these polygenic conditions. A hallmark of contemporary lifestyle is a preference for thermally processed nutrients, replete with pro-OS/Infl advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which enhance appetite and cause overnutrition. We propose that chronic ingestion of oral AGEs promotes IR and T2D. The mechanism(s) involved in these findings were assessed in four generations of C57BL6 mice fed isocaloric diets with or without AGEs [synthetic methyl-glyoxal-derivatives (MG+)]. F3/MG+ mice manifested increased adiposity and premature IR, marked by severe deficiency of anti-AGE advanced glycation receptor 1 (AGER1) and of survival factor sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) in white adipose tissue (WAT), skeletal muscle, and liver. Impaired 2-deoxy-glucose uptake was associated with marked changes in insulin receptor (InsR), IRS-1, IRS-2, Akt activation, and a macrophage and adipocyte shift to a pro-OS/inflammatory (M1) phenotype. These features were absent in F3/MG− mice. MG stimulation of 3T3-L1 adipocytes led to suppressed AGER1 and SIRT1, and altered InsR, IRS-1, IRS-2 phosphorylation, and nuclear factor kappa-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (Nf-κB) p65 acetylation. Gene modulation revealed these effects to be coregulated by AGER1 and SIRT1. Thus, prolonged oral exposure to MG-AGEs can deplete host-defenses AGER1 and SIRT1, raise basal OS/Infl, and increase susceptibility to dysmetabolic IR. Because exposure to AGEs can be decreased, these insights provide an important framework for alleviating a major lifestyle-linked disease epidemic.
Dynamic Phasor-Based Modeling of Unbalanced Radial Distribution Systems

This paper develops an analytical model of an unbalanced radial distribution system consisting of a single-phase photovoltaic (PV), a three-phase induction machine load, a three-phase power factor correction capacitor (PFC), and a load. The analytical model is based on dynamic phasors (DP) for $abc$ phases. The single-phase PV model includes inverter current control [proportional resonance (PR) controller], an L, or an LCL filter. The induction machine model is based on positive-, negative-, and zero-sequence components' dynamic phasors. The sequence-based induction machine model was converted to the DP- $abc$ reference frame and interconnected with other grid components. The developed analytical model is capable of small-signal analysis and can be used to identify variety of stability and/or harmonic issues in distribution networks, e.g., instability due to weak grid. Impact of unbalance on system dynamic performance can also be investigated using this model. The analytical model is benchmarked with a high-fidelity model built in Matlab/SimPowerSystems where power electronic switching details are included. The small-signal analysis results are validated via Matlab/SimPowerSystems time-domain simulations.
Defective expression of the CD40 ligand in X chromosome-linked immunoglobulin deficiency with normal or elevated IgM.

Abstract B lymphocytes from patients with X chromosome-linked immunoglobulin deficiency with normal or elevated serum IgM are unable to switch from the synthesis of IgM/IgD to that of other immunoglobulin isotypes. Isotype switch recombination was evaluated in three affected males by examining interleukin 4-driven IgE synthesis. T-cell-dependent IgE synthesis was completely absent in the B lymphocytes of the patients. In contrast, CD40 mAb plus interleukin 4 induced the patients' B cells to synthesize IgE and to undergo deletional switch recombination. Because interaction between CD40 and its ligand on activated T cells is critical for T-cell-driven isotype switching, we examined CD40 ligand expression. In contrast to normal T cells, lymphocytes from the patients expressed no detectable CD40 ligand on their surface after stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin, although the mRNA of the ligand was expressed normally. These results suggest that defective expression of the CD40 ligand underlies the failure of isotype switching in this disease.
Uptake of exogenous metabolites by virus-transformed cells: changes induced by temperature and pH.

Abstract Rates of uptake of a variety of exogenous metabolites were measured in chick embryo (CE) cells and in CE cells transformed by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV-BH). As in earlier studies deoxyglucose (used as a substitute for glucose) uptake was greater in transformed then nontransformed cells. Less substantial increases in uptake of galactose, uridine, thymidine, and leucine were found in transformed cells. A mutant of RSV-BH, RSV-BH-Ta, allows infected cells to behave as nontransformed cells at 41 °C, but when shifted to 37 °C cells become transformed. In RSV-BH-Ta cells shifted from 41 to 37 °C increased capacities for uptake of all tested compounds were prevented by Actinomycin D or cycloheximide, but not cytosine arabinoside, demonstrating that new RNA and protein synthesis were required for uptake enhancement. The pH of the culture medium over the pH range 6.6 to 7.8 was found to be critical to cellular uptake capacity for deoxyglucose, but had little influence on capacity for uptake of galactose, uridine, thymidine, or leucine. Changes induced by pH occurred in both nontransformed and transformed cells, and these changes occurred in the presence of Actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Both V and K m of deoxyglucose uptake were found to change when cells became transformed by RSV-BH or RSV-BH-Ta. However, only V changed with changes in pH. Neither the lower K m characteristic of transformed cells nor the higher K m of nontransformed cells were affected by pH.
Isotropic invariants of traceless symmetric tensors of orders three and four

Abstract We determine integrity bases for functions of a traceless symmetric third-order tensor A ijk and for functions of a traceless symmetric fourth-order tensor A ijkl which are invariant under the three-dimensional proper orthogonal group R 3 . Integrity bases are also given for the full orthogonal group O 3 .
Stratigraphy of Eagle Ford Group (Upper Cretaceous) in East Texas Basin: ABSTRACT

The Eagle Ford Group of the Upper Cretaceous Gulfian Series is one of the most stratigraphically complex terrigenous units in the East Texas basin. At the type locality in Dallas County, Texas, the Eagle Ford consists of bluish-black, carbonaceous sediments exceeding 400 ft in thickness. In this area, the Eagle Ford includes the Tarrant, 15-20 ft of brownish-gray calcareous sandstone, the Britton, 250-300 ft of interbedded brown calcareous mudstone, and the Arcadia Park, 100-200 ft of dark gray calcareous mudstone. Eastward into the basin, the Eagle Ford thickens to 500 ft as the upper Eagle Ford acquires 100 ft of Lake Crockett terrigenous clastics on top of the Arcadia Park. Westward out of the basin, the Eagle Ford thins by truncation and changes lithologic character; consequently the previously named subdivisions are no longer recognizable. Near Waco, the lower Eagle Ford consists of mostly montmorillonitic clays with disseminated calcium carbonate, called the Lake Waco Formation, and the upper Eagle Ford consists of dark gray, blocky shales, named the South Bosque Formation. The upper 30-50 ft of the South Bosque is completely noncalcareous. In the deepest portions of the basin near the Cretaceous continental margin, 150-200 ft of Eagle Ford and Woodbine are underlain by the Buda Limestone nd overlain by the Austin Chalk. End_of_Article - Last_Page 147------------
Endoscopic Diagnosis of a Clinically Silent Aortoesophageal Fistula: Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report a rare case of a secondary aortoesophageal fistula discovered incidentally during elective upper endoscopy. The patient had previously undergone repair of a descending thoracic aortic aneurysm with a Dacron interposition graft. Esophagoscopy 2 months after the aneurysm repair demonstrated a large mid-esophageal erosion with visualization of the aortic graft at the base. The aortoesophageal fistula had been clinically silent to this point. During preparation for surgery the patient developed large-volume esophageal hemorrhage and died following attempted endovascular repair of the fistula. A review of the literature on the diagnosis and surgical management of aortoesophageal fistula is presented.
Proportional counter response calculations for gallium solar neutrino detectors

Gallium-based solar neutrino detectors are sensitive to the primary pp reaction in the Sun. Two experiments using gallium, SAGE in the Soviet Union and GALLEX in Europe, are under construction and are scheduled to produce data by 1989. The radioactive /sup 71/Ge produced by neutrinos interacting with the gallium detector material is chemically extracted and counted in miniature proportional counters. A number of calculation have been carried out to simulate the response of these counters to the decay of /sup 71/Ge and to background events. It is shown that the use of xenon gas clearly improves the detector efficiency relative to argon in the 10-keV energy range from 35% to 53%. It appears that the disadvantage of increased conversion efficiency for background gammas in xenon is not relevant, due to the dominance of the conversion of gammas in the glass walls of the detector. >
Reconstruction, Binding Theory, and the Interpretation of Chains

This article investigates interactions between the scope of QPs and the restrictions imposed by binding theory. It presents new evidence that Condition C applies at (and only at) LF and demonstrates that this condition can serve as a powerful tool for distinguishing among various claims regarding the nature of LF and the inventory of semantic mechanisms. The conclusions reached are these: (1) Scope reconstruction is represented in the syntax (semantic type-shifting operations are very limited). (2) Ā-chains have the following properties: (a) Scope reconstruction results from deleting the head of the chain and interpreting a copy at the tail. (b) Non-scope-reconstruction results from interpreting the head of the chain with a copy of the restrictor at the tail (unless this option is impossible, as in antecedent-contained deletion, in which case the copy is changed to a variable as in standard notations). (c) VP adjunction is an intermediate landing site. (3) A-chains are different in a way that at the momen...
Hoop Ball a Game with a New Defensive Strategy

(1995). Hoop Ball a Game with a New Defensive Strategy. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 66, Buyer's Guide Issue, pp. 15-17.
Cryogenic properties of some cutting tool materials

Cutting tool materials belong to a group of nonductile materials. Chipping and breaking of the cutting edge and fracturing of the tool are common types of tool failure even under conventional machining conditions. This leads to a concern about whether cutting tool materials are able to maintain their strength and toughness and withstand the low-temperature thermal shock during cryogenic machining. The objective of this investigation was to study the behaviors of these kinds of materials at cryogenic temperatures. The results will also serve as a basis in selecting the suitable cutting tool materials for cryogenic machining and in determining the cryogenic strategy and optimum cutting conditions. Several representative cutting tool materials, such as five grades of commercial carbide-cobalt alloys and M46 highspeed steel, are investigated in terms of microstructural observation, impact testing, transverse rupture strength measurement, and indentation testing. It has been shown that carbide tool materials generally retain their strength and toughness as the temperature decreases to liquid nitrogen temperature. The behaviors of carbide tool materials at cryogenic temperatures can be explained in terms of the temperature effects on the binder phase.
An alternative to allosteric interactions as causes of sigmoid dose versus response curves application to glucose-induced secretion of insulin

Abstract It is shown that a signoid dose vs. response curve will occur in any biological system in which the stimulant compound must diffuse significant distances to reach responding cells, even when the cells themselves respond according to Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Isolated pancreatic islets releasing insulin in response to glucose stimulation have been used as a specific example. Since diffusion and/or other physical processes can produce global effects which could account for the sigmoidal nature of a dose vs. response curve, the existence of complex molecular mechanisms of hormone-receptor interaction can not be inferred solely from the character of a dose vs. response relation.
The measurement of the fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) from a chiral Eu(III) system

The first measurement of the fluorescence detected circular dichroism (FDCD) from a chiral Eu(III) system, made possible by use of a variable liquid crystal circular polarizer, is reported.
Social media in disaster response: how experience architects can build for participation by L. Potts, (2013). New York, NY: Routledge

Liza Potts' recent book, Social media in disaster response: How experience architects can build for participation, explores the ways in which social web tools provide researchers and practitioners with opportunities to address disaster communication and information design for building participatory cultures. All too often, researchers and design practitioners in both the academy and industry think of social web tools as static, as "single-serving interfaces, systems, documents and silos" (1). In order to meet the progressive needs of contemporary knowledge workers, interdisciplinary teams that include humanists, social scientists, and technologists must build better architectures for everyday experiences users encounter in social media. Although issues of social media experience and participation may seem of concern to only a small group of information and experience designers---or, "experience architects," as Potts terms them---Potts argues that anyone who cares about writing, communication, social web design, and development should be deeply concerned with these issues, especially as they relate to how information is located and distributed as knowledge across the social web during times of disaster.
Predicting Test of Memory Malingering and Medical Symptom Validity Test Failure within a Veterans Affairs Medical Center: Use of the Response Bias Scale and the Henry–Heilbronner Index

The ability of the Response Bias Scale (RBS) and the Henry-Heilbronner Index (HHI), along with several other MMPI-2 validity scales, to predict performance on two separate stand-alone symptom validity tests, the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM) and the Medical Symptom Validity Test (MSVT), was examined. Findings from this retrospective data analysis of outpatients seen within a Veterans Affairs medical center (N = 194) showed that group differences between those passing and failing the TOMM were largest for the RBS (d = 0.79), HHI (d = 0.75), and Infrequency (F; d = 0.72). The largest group differences for those passing versus failing the MSVT were greatest on the HHI (d = 0.83), RBS (d = 0.80), and F (d = 0.78). Regression analyses showed that the RBS accounted for the most variance in TOMM scores (20%), whereas the HHI accounted for the most variance in MSVT scores (26%). Nonetheless, due to unacceptably low positive and negative predictive values, caution is warranted in using either one of these indices in isolation to predict performance invalidity.
Sources of variance in daily physical activity levels as measured by an accelerometer.

ABSTRACTMATTHEWS, C. E., B. E. AINSWORTH, R. W. THOMPSON, and D. R. BASSETT, JR. Sources of variance in daily physical activity levels as measured by an accelerometer. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc., Vol. 34, No. 8, pp. 1376–1381, 2002.PurposeTo examine sources of variance in objective measures of physical
Effects of Plasma Membrane Cholesterol Level and Cytoskeleton F-Actin on Cell Protrusion Mechanics

Protrusions are deformations that form at the surface of living cells during biological activities such as cell migration. Using combined optical tweezers and fluorescent microscopy, we quantified the mechanical properties of protrusions in adherent human embryonic kidney cells in response to application of an external force at the cell surface. The mechanical properties of protrusions were analyzed by obtaining the associated force-length plots during protrusion formation, and force relaxation at constant length. Protrusion mechanics were interpretable by a standard linear solid (Kelvin) model, consisting of two stiffness parameters, k0 and k1 (with k0>k1), and a viscous coefficient. While both stiffness parameters contribute to the time-dependant mechanical behavior of the protrusions, k0 and k1 in particular dominated the early and late stages of the protrusion formation and elongation process, respectively. Lowering the membrane cholesterol content by 25% increased the k0 stiffness by 74%, and shortened the protrusion length by almost half. Enhancement of membrane cholesterol content by nearly two-fold increased the protrusion length by 30%, and decreased the k0 stiffness by nearly two-and-half-fold as compared with control cells. Cytoskeleton integrity was found to make a major contribution to protrusion mechanics as evidenced by the effects of F-actin disruption on the resulting mechanical parameters. Viscoelastic behavior of protrusions was further characterized by hysteresis and force relaxation after formation. The results of this study elucidate the coordination of plasma membrane composition and cytoskeleton during protrusion formation.
Stability of a spinning body containing an elastic membrane via Liapunov's direct method.

A general method of analysis is presented for studying the dynamic stability of a spinning rigid body containing a continuous elastic member. The method utilizes Liapunov's direct method applied to the nonlinear equations of motion with a modal expansion used for the spatial description of the elastic media. A model consisting of a rigid carrier vehicle with an attached, square elastic membrane is used to demonstrate the method which is applicable to a broad class of hybrid combined elastic-rigid body systems. The stability of the nominal spin about a principal axis of the system is investigated by constructing an appropriate Liapunov function and forming the Hessian matrix in such a way that additional modes may be readily included by simply adding new rows and columns to the matrix without affecting the previous principal minor. In this way, questions relating to the effect of truncation errors on the stability of the system can be readily studied. For the problem presented, a general set of stability criteria in terms of the system parameters is formulated which functionally shows the effect of including additional modes on the stability of the elastic system. Quantitatively the analysis shows that highly elastic systems at low spin rates require more normal mode terms for accurately establishing the boundaries to the stability regions than do relatively stiff systems.
Effect of chronic morphine treatment on the interaction between the periaqueductal grey and the nucleus raphe magnus of the rat

Abstract The analgesic action of morphine is, in part, mediated through activation of a descending pathway. Major components of this pathway include the periaqueductal grey (PAG) and the nucleus raphe magnus (NRM). Injection of glutamate into the PAG increased the firing rate of its cells, led to an increase in the firing rate of NRM cells, and produced analgesia. The experiments reported here were designed to determine the effect of morphine tolerance on the interactions between the PAG and the NRM. Rats were made tolerant to morphine by implanting them with morphine pellets. The response of single cells in the NRM to the injection of glutamate into the PAG was recorded before and after iontophoretic application of naloxone into the NRM. It was shown that in morphine-tolerant animals, the response of NRM cells to microinjection of glutamate into the PAG was reduced significantly. However, when naloxone was iontophoresed into the NRM, there was a small increase in the spontaneous firing rate, and the injection of glutamate into the PAG produced a significant increase in the firing rate of the cells in the NRM. It is concluded that chronic morphine treatment decreased the effectiveness of excitation of cells in the PAG in activating NRM cells, and this process may play a part in the tolerance developed to the analgesic effect of morphine.
Green's function of a thin circular plate with elastically supported edge

Abstract The Green's function that is suitable for immediate computations, is obtained for a thin circular Poisson–Kirchhoff plate of a uniform thickness. The plate's edge is elastically supported so that the boundary values of the radial bending moment equal zero, while the shear force is directly proportional to the deflection function on the boundary. The extended version of the classical method of eigenfunction expansion is used with partial summation of the resultant Fourier expansion. The ‘singular’ component of the Green's function is analytically split off. This makes the representation accessible for engineering computations.
Substance P-containing medullary projections to the intermediolateral cell column: identification with retrogradely transported rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres and immunohistochemistry.

Abstract Substance P (SP)-containing medullary neurons that project to the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of the rat were studied. Neurons were retrogradely labeled with rhodamine-labeled latex microspheres (RITC-M) injected into the T-3 IML, and SP-immunoreactive neurons were identified with immunocytochemistry. RITC-M labeled cells occurred in the nucleus reticularis paragiganto-cellular lateralis (RPgcl), adjacent and lateral to the pyramidal tract at the level of the rostral inferior olivary nucleus and extended to the mid-facial nucleus in the medulla. Cells were also labeled caudal to the RPgcl, in the nucleus reticularis ventralis, pars alpha (RVa), rostral tp the RVa, in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis (RGc), and in the raphe nuclei. SP immunoreactivity (SP-IR) was seen in cells that were also retrogradely labeled. These double-labeled cells were observed in the RPgcl, RVa and the raphe pallidus. These data show that the IML receives SP-neuronal projections from multiple locations in the medulla. The SP-neuronal projections from the RPgcl of the ventral medulla to the IML likely represent one component of the ventral medullary region that influences cardiovascular functions.
Photolysis of Compressed Sodium Azide (NaN3) as a Synthetic Pathway to Nitrogen Materials

The potential syntheses of pure nitrogen materials may involve photolysis of azide compounds. In this work, compressed solid samples of NaN3 were photolyzed in gem anvil cells at pressures up to 5....
Sugar Transport by the Marine Chitinolytic Bacterium Vibrio furnissii MOLECULAR CLONING AND ANALYSIS OF THE GLUCOSE AND N-ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE PERMEASES

Abstract Chitin catabolism by the marine bacterium Vibrio furnissii involves chemotaxis to and transport of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and D-glucose. We report the properties of the respective permeases that complemented E. coli Glc− Man− mutants. Although the V. furnissii Glc-specific permease (55,941 Da) shares 38% identity with E. coli IIGlc (ptsG), it is 67% identical to MalX of the E. coli maltose operon (Reidl, J., and Boos, W. (1991) J. Bacteriol. 173, 4862-4876). An adjacent open reading frame encodes a protein with 52% identity to E. coli MalY. Glc phosphorylation requires only V. furnissii MalX and the accessory phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system proteins. The V. furnissii equivalent of IIGlc was not found in the 25,000 transformants screened. The GlcNAc/Glc-specific permease (52,894 Da) shares 47% identity with the N-terminal, hydrophobic domain of E. coli IINag, but is unique among IINag proteins in that it lacks the C-terminal domain and thus requires IIIGlc for sugar fermentation in vivo and phosphorylation in vitro. While there are similarities between the phosphoenolpyruvate:glycose phosphotransferase system of V. furnissii and enteric bacteria, the differences may be important for survival of V. furnissii in the marine environment.
Recent evidence on determinants of per residential customer electricity consumption in the U.S.: 2001-2005

This empirical study seeks to provide empirical evidence identifying key factors that have influenced per residential customer electricity consumption in the U.S. during recent years. This empirical analysis takes the form of P2SLS (panel two-stage least squares) estimations. State-level data are adopted for the five-year period from 2001 through 2005. The P2SLS findings indicate that the annual consumption of electricity per residential customer is an increasing function of the annual number of cooling degree days, real per capita personal disposable income, and the real unit price of natural gas. Annual per residential customer electricity consumption is also found to be a decreasing function of the real unit price of electricity and the extent of usage of natural gas for residential heating, as well as the degree to which each state has pursued energy efficiency policies. Finally, said consumption is also found to be positively a function of a control variable measuring peak summer electricity generating capacity.
Simulation-based training is superior to problem-based learning for the acquisition of critical assessment and management skills.

Objective:To determine whether full-scale simulation (SIM) is superior to interactive problem-based learning (PBL) for teaching medical students acute care assessment and management skills.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:Simulation center at a U.S. medical school.Subjects:Thirty-one fourt