cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal Composition and Doppler Velocities in a Transequatorial Loop at the Solar Limb

We observed a transequatorial loop (TEL) connecting NOAA Active Regions 10652 and 10653 at the west solar limb on 2004 July 29 with the Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (EIT) and the Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer (CDS) aboard the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory. Only the loop's northern leg was observed with CDS. The loop appeared bright and cospatial in extreme-ultraviolet emission lines from ions formed over a wide range of temperature (T, in kelvins), including He I (log T = 4.0), O III (log T = 4.9), O IV (5.2), O V (5.4), Ne VI (5.6), Ca X (5.9), Mg X (6.1), and Fe XII (log T = 6.1). This indicates that the loop plasma was multithermal and covered roughly 2 orders of magnitude in temperature. Our measurement of He I, O III, and O IV line emission reveals the coolest plasma ever detected in a TEL. The most likely explanation for the wide range of cospatial temperatures in the TEL is that it consisted of numerous sub-resolution strands, all at different temperatures. Each of the lines that are formed at temperatures less than 106 K exhibited relative Doppler blueshifts in the TEL that correspond to velocities toward the observer larger than 30 km s-1, where the two strongest cool lines (He I at 584.3 A and O V at 629.7 A) yielded maximum values of 37 and 41 km s-1, respectively. The presence of cool plasma in the TEL at heights several times those of the cool ions' scale heights suggests that the loop remained visible at low temperatures by maintaining a steady flow of cool plasma.
Visibility Analysis Using Reverse Time Wave Sensitivity For Time-Lapse Target-Oriented Imaging

Identifying the relationship between surface seismic data and a particular region in the earth, referred to as visibility analysis, is important because it facilitates the optimization of the quality and speed of the imaging and monitoring processes. This study presents a data‐driven approach that estimates a visibility relationship by propagating the recorded seismic data backward in time through the entire medium and coupling it with the region of interest in the subsurface. The region of interest is defined by a specific time‐lapse perturbation in geophysical parameters. We show that by back‐propagating in time only a limited number of shot records, a reliable visibility relationship can be established for target‐oriented imaging of changes in a particular region in the subsurface. The established visibility relationship implies that in a subsequent time‐lapse survey, only data corresponding to the visible shot records need to be collected, reducing the costs of the time‐lapse acquisitions.
A One-Year Introductory Robotics Curriculum for Computer Science Upperclassmen

This paper describes a one-year introductory robotics course sequence focusing on computational aspects of robotics for third- and fourth-year students. The key challenges this curriculum addresses are scalability, i.e., how to teach a robotics class with a limited amount of hardware to a large audience,student assessment, i.e., how to assess the students' success on robotic design and programming assignments, and depth versus breadth, i.e., how to down-select content from the interdisciplinary field of robotics to computer science students. This is achieved by combining simulation-based laboratory assignments, which can be conducted anywhere and anytime, with compatible hardware devices that allow a seamless transition from simulation to real hardware, and a focus on performance-based assessment with an open-ended final project/competition. Content learning and retention is assessed for a subset of students who successfully went through the proposed curriculum. All class materials as well as hardware-in particular, a low-cost, highly articulated robotic arm developed for teaching advanced robotics concepts-are open-source and available online.
Longitudinal effects of educational involvement on parent and family functioning among mothers of children with ASD

Abstract Utilizing a cohort sequential design and multilevel modeling on a sample of 113 mothers, the effects of three forms of maternal educational involvement (school-based involvement, home-based involvement, and home-school communication) on maternal and family functioning (maternal psychological distress, parenting efficacy, and family cohesion) were assessed over a seven year period when children with ASD in the study were 7–14 years of age. Findings indicated that maternal home-based educational involvement was linked to decreased psychological distress as well as to increased parenting efficacy and family cohesion, while home-school communication was linked to decreased distress and increased parenting efficacy (school-based involvement was related to decreased maternal distress only). In addition, in two instances, home-based involvement was found to moderate the effects of child and maternal risk factors (child problem behavior and stress proliferation) on maternal and family outcomes. Study findings are discussed in light of prior research and study limitations and implications are highlighted.
Deficiency of the p53/p63 target Perp alters mammary gland homeostasis and promotes cancer

Perp is a transcriptional target of both p53 during DNA damage-induced apoptosis and p63 during stratified epithelial development. Perp-/- mice exhibit postnatal lethality associated with dramatic blistering of the epidermis and oral mucosa, reflecting a critical role in desmosome-mediated intercellular adhesion in keratinocytes. However, the role of Perp in tissue homeostasis in other p63-dependent stratified epithelial tissues is poorly understood. Given that p63 is essential for proper mammary gland development and that cell adhesion is fundamental for ensuring the proper architecture and function of the mammary epithelium, here we investigate Perp function in the mammary gland. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis were performed to characterize Perp expression and localization in the mouse mammary epithelium throughout development. The consequences of Perp deficiency for mammary epithelial development and homeostasis were examined by using in vivo mammary transplant assays. Perp protein levels in a variety of human breast cancer cell lines were compared with those in untransformed cells with Western blot analysis. The role of Perp in mouse mammary tumorigenesis was investigated by aging cohorts of K14-Cre/+;p53 fl/fl mice that were wild-type or deficient for Perp. Mammary tumor latency was analyzed, and tumor-free survival was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. We show that Perp protein is expressed in the mammary epithelium, where it colocalizes with desmosomes. Interestingly, although altering desmosomes through genetic inactivation of Perp does not dramatically impair mammary gland ductal development, Perp loss affects mammary epithelial homeostasis by causing the accumulation of inflammatory cells around mature mammary epithelium. Moreover, we show reduced Perp expression in many human breast cancer cell lines compared with untransformed cells. Importantly, Perp deficiency also promotes the development of mouse mammary cancer. Together, these observations demonstrate an important role for Perp in normal mammary tissue function and in mammary cancer suppression. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of desmosomes in cancer suppression and suggest the merit of evaluating Perp as a potential prognostic indicator or molecular target in breast cancer therapy.
Modification of the bacteriophage vector M13mp2: introduction of new restriction sites for cloning.

Abstract The construction of two new derivatives of the bacteriophage cloning vector M13mp2 is described. One derivative, mWJ22, contains a new Hin dIII site while the other, mWJ43, contains a new Bam HI site. These new sites were both introduced at the Eco RI site at amino acid five of the 145 amino acid-long fragment of Escherichia coli β-galactosidase within the phage. The new restriction sites do not disrupt the blue color detection system of M13mp2; therefore insertion of cloned fragments results in colorless plaques on indicator plates for the new derivatives.
Low-Pass and High-Pass Filters Consisting of Multilayer Dielectric Stacks

Dielectric layers of alternating low and high dielectric constant are useful as filters in the millimeter wave, infrared, and optical regions, spanning a spectrum of about five decades. Transmission line theory can be applied, with refractive index replacing admittance. The electrical or optical thicknesses of the layers are generally integral multiples of the thinnest layer, but the reflection in the pass band can be appreciably reduced by small adjustments in the layer thicknesses. The theory is based on the concept of Herpin equivalent index, which is the optical counterpart of image admittance used by electrical engineers. The theory is reviewed and design data is presented.
A method for obtaining ribbons of serial sections of plastic embedded specimens.

(1977). A Method for Obtaining Ribbons of Serial Sections of Plastic Embedded Specimens. Stain Technology: Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 59-60.
Fabrication of 2D photonic crystal using multiple exposures

We describe a novel approach to manufacture photonic crystal-based integrated systems based on a two-step process of interferometric patterning followed by optical direct-write of the functional elements. First, the photonic crystal lattice is patterned in photoresist using interferometric lithography, producing a large-area lithographic pattern quickly and easily. Second, the defects in the lattice to implement the functional devices are created using optical direct write with a strongly focused optical beam. After patterning processes, the mask is developed and a dry-etching process is used to transfer the pattern into the substrate. This hybrid approach possesses an advantage in terms of fabrication time and cost as compared to E-beam lithography for the patterning of large-scale photonic crystal-based systems.
Prediction of Protein Secondary Structure by Combining Nearest-neighbor Algorithms and Multiple Sequence Alignments

Abstract Recently Yi & Lander used a neural network and nearest and nearest-neighbor method with a scoring system that combined a sequence-similarity matrix with the local structural environment scoring scheme described by Bowie and co-workers for predicting protein secondary structure. We have improved their scoring system by taking into consideration N and C-terminal positions of α-helices and β-strands and also β-turns as distinctive types of secondary structure. Another improvement, which also decreases the time of computation, is performed by restricting a data base with a smaller subset of proteins that are similar with a query sequence. Using multiple sequence alignments rather than single sequences and a simple jury decision procedure our method reaches a sustained overall three-state accuracy of 72.2%, which is better than that observed for the most accurate multi-layered neural-network approach, tested on the same data set of 126 non-homologous protein chains.
Patellofemoral joint motion: evaluation by ultrafast computed tomography

Patellofemoral maltracking is a recognized cause of peripatellar pain. Measurements of the patellofemoral relationships during active motion are not available, and clinicians currently rely on observation, palpation, and static radiographic images to evaluate the symptomatic patient. Ultrafast computed tomography (ultrafast CT) offers objective observations of the dynamic influences of muscle contraction on the patellofemoral joint as the knee is actively moved through a range of motion from 90° flexion to full extension. This study reports our initial observations and establishes a range of normal values so that patients with a clinical suspicion of patellar maltracking may be evaluted.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Hygrothermal Aging of Polyurea–POSS Nanocomposites

The long-term performance of any novel material in its working environment is an intriguing area of research. The combined effect of the moisture content (relative humidity) and temperature of the environment degrades the mechanical properties of polymer composites. In the first part of this manuscript, polyurea–polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanocomposites are subjected to continuous hygrothermal cycling. The effects of prolonged hygrothermal aging on the mechanical performance of the composites are evaluated in terms of the change in tensile strength and elongation at failure. Aged composites are subjected to FTIR spectroscopy to study the chemical changes resulting from the hydrolysis of polyurea. In the second part, attempts are made to study the effect of the addition of POSS nanoreinforcement on the mechanical properties of the resulting composite materials using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results obtained here show poor agreement between MD simulation results and results obtained using dynamic mechanical analysis studies. However, qualitatively, both simulation and experimental results exhibit similar effects due to addition of POSS nanoparticles on the mechanical properties of polyurea–POSS nanocomposites.
Haemophilus influenzae meningitis with prolonged hospital course.

Abstract A retrospective evaluation of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis observed over a 2-year period documented 86 cases. Eight of these patients demonstrated an unusual clinical course characterized by persistent fever (duration: > 10 days), cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, profound meningeal enhancement on computed tomography, significant morbidity, and a prolonged hospital course. The mean age of these 8 patients was 6 months, in contrast to a mean age of 14 months for the entire group. Two patients had clinical evidence of relapse. Four of the 8 patients tested for latex particle agglutination in the cerebrospinal fluid remained positive after 10 days. All patients received antimicrobial therapy until they were afebrile for a minimum of 5 days. Subsequent neurologic examination revealed a persistent seizure disorder in 5 patients (62.5%), moderate-to-profound hearing loss in 2 (25%), mild ataxia in 1 (12.5%), and developmental delay with hydrocephalus which required shunting in 1 (12.5%). One patient had no sequelae.
Multiple antibacterial histone H2B proteins are expressed in tissues of American oyster

Abstract We have previously identified a histone H2B isomer (cvH2B-1) from tissue extracts of the bivalve mollusk, the American oyster ( Crassostrea virginica ). In this paper, we isolate an additional three antibacterial proteins from acidified gill extract by preparative acid-urea-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography. Extraction of these proteins from tissue was best accomplished by briefly boiling the tissues in a weak acetic acid solution. Addition of protease inhibitors while boiling resulted in somewhat lower yields, with one protein being totally absent with this method. Via mass spectrometry, the masses of one of these purified proteins was 13607.0 Da (peak 2), which is consistent with the molecular weight of histone H2B. In addition, via western-blotting using anti-calf histone H2B antibody, all three proteins were positive and were thus named cvH2B-2, cvH2B-3 and cvH2B-4. The antibacterial activity of cvH2B-2 was similar to that of cvH2B-1, with activity against a Gram-positive bacterium ( Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis ; minimum effective concentration [MEC] 52–57 μg/mL) but inactive against Staphylococcus aureus (MEC > 250 μg/mL). However, both proteins had relatively potent activity against the Gram-negative oyster pathogen Vibrio parahemolyticus (MEC 11.5–14 μg/mL) as well as the human pathogen Vibrio vulnificus (MEC 21.3–25.3 μg/mL). cvH2B-3 and cvH2B-4 also had similarly strong activity against Vibrio vulnificus . These data provide further evidence for the antimicrobial function of histone H2B isomers in modulating bacterial populations in oyster tissues. The combined estimated concentrations of these histone H2B isomers were far above the inhibitory concentrations for the tested vibrios, including human pathogens. Our results indicate that the highly conserved histone proteins might be important components not only of immune defenses in oysters but have the potential to influence the abundance of a ubiquitous microbial resident of oyster tissues that is the major source of seafood-borne illness in humans.
An upper ocean current jet and internal waves in a Gulf Stream warm core ring

On June 22, 1982, the R/V Endeavor, while participating in a multi-ship study of a warm core ring 82B, encountered a strong front in the core of the ring. The vessel was headed on a radial section outward from ring center while a CTD was repeatedly raised and lowered between 10 and 300 m. Current profiles in the upper 100 m were obtained continuously with a Doppler acoustic profiling system. Above the shallow 45 m seasonal thermocline, a current jet of 4 km width was encountered having a central core of relatively light water and a maximum current of 1.1 m/s. This jet was both highly nonlinear and totally unexpected. A high frequency packet of directional internal waves was acoustically observed in the seasonal thermocline at the outer edge of the jet. Vertical velocities were large enough (6 cm/s) as to be directly observable in the Doppler returns. The waves were propagating from the northeast, parallel to the ship track, and orthogonal to the jet toward the center of the warm core ring. While a nonlinear, centrifugal term was required for the force balance of the jet, the high-frequency internal wave packet could be explained with linear, gravest-mode wave dynamics.
Does meditation enhance cognition and brain plasticity

Meditation practices have various health benefits including the possibility of preserving cognition and preventing dementia. While the mechanisms remain investigational, studies show that meditation may affect multiple pathways that could play a role in brain aging and mental fitness. For example, meditation may reduce stress-induced cortisol secretion and this could have neuroprotective effects potentially via elevating levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Meditation may also potentially have beneficial effects on lipid profiles and lower oxidative stress, both of which could in turn reduce the risk for cerebrovascular disease and age-related neurodegeneration. Further, meditation may potentially strengthen neuronal circuits and enhance cognitive reserve capacity. These are the theoretical bases for how meditation might enhance longevity and optimal health. Evidence to support a neuroprotective effect comes from cognitive, electroencephalogram (EEG), and structural neuroimaging studies. In one cross-sectional study, meditation practitioners were found to have a lower age-related decline in thickness of specific cortical regions. However, the enthusiasm must be balanced by the inconsistency and preliminary nature of existing studies as well as the fact that meditation comprises a heterogeneous group of practices. Key future challenges include the isolation of a potential common element in the different meditation modalities, replication of existing findings in larger randomized trials, determining the correct "dose," studying whether findings from expert practitioners are generalizable to a wider population, and better control of the confounding genetic, dietary and lifestyle influences.
Coherent scatter implementation for SimSET

At 140 keV, 3% of photon scatter interactions in human tissues are coherent scatter; at Tl-201 emission energies, this fraction increases to approximately 7%. However, since coherent scatter at these energies is sharply forward-peaked, it is often the dominant scatter interaction at small angles. SimSET (Simulation System for Emission Tomography), which previously modeled only photoelectric absorption and Compton scatter, has been extended to include coherent scatter. The current implementation uses form factor and anomalous scattering amplitude data from the Livermore Evaluated Photon Data Library. Interaction probability and angular distribution tables for several human tissues and common detector materials were calculated using the independent atoms approximation and human-tissue composition data from the ICRP Reference Man. These data were also used to generate new tables for photoelectric absorption and Compton scatter, significantly improving the accuracy of SimSET and extending its photon tracking capability to lower photon energy (from 50 keV to 1 keV). The form, content, and structure of the tables were carefully designed for efficient data storage, access, and use by the software. The derived data tables and implementation of coherent scatter were validated by comparing simulation results to published differential cross-section data.
A hybrid infrastructure for surveillance-based sensor network experiments

In this paper, we describe a distributed sensor network test-bed and a surveillance experiment, as a technical solution to our sensor network challenge problem, to demonstrate the integration of distributed tracking algorithms with strategies for location estimation, energy management and mobility management of sensor nodes. The infrastructure for the test-bed provides an integrated platform consisting of real sensor nodes augmented with a simulated environment. It consists of several static and mobile physical sensor nodes, fixed sensors, virtual sensor nodes (sensing, tracking and communicating processes) and a network simulator that can simulate a sensor network. Data from real world tracking is provided instantaneously to the simulated environment, where it is used, analyzed and refined through various surveillance algorithms. Results from these simulations are then fed back to the real world to enable the sensor network to reorganize for reinforced tracking. The results indicate that a large number of distributed and interacting sensor nodes, with different capabilities and operating in different environments, can be incorporated in high fidelity experiments to analyze the challenging aspects of the surveillance problem through realistic application scenarios.
A survey of energy harvesting sources for embedded systems

Historically, batteries have been the source of energy for most mobile, embedded and remote system applications. Now, with ubiquitous computing requirements in the fields of embedded systems, wireless sensor networks and low- power electronics such as MEMS devices, an alternative source of energy is required. Also with the limited capacity of finite power sources and the need for supplying energy for a lifetime of a system, there is a requirement for self- powered devices. The process of extracting energy from the surrounding environment is termed as energy harvesting. Energy harvesting, which originated from the windmill and water wheel, is widely being considered as a low- maintenance solution for a wide variety of applications. There are various forms of energy that can be scavenged, like thermal, mechanical, solar, acoustic, wind, and wave. This paper serves as a survey for identifying the sources of energy harvesting based on various technical papers available in the public domain.
Two-stage oligopoly pricing with differentiated products: The Boston fluid milk market

By specifying a structural model, the present study estimates different indicators of competitiveness of the fluid milk market, namely average and marginal cost, average profits and price-cost margins, and utility levels for the full, and pre and post Compact time period.
Reduction of MPO-ANCA epitopes in SCG/Kj mice by 15-deoxyspergualin treatment restricted by IgG2b associated with crescentic glomerulonephritis

Objectives. The MPO-specific antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (MPO-ANCA) are associated with renal failure. Epitopes of MPO-ANCA and immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass and cytokine levels in the recovery phase were analysed by the administration of 15-deoxyspergualin (DSG) to SCG/Kj mice, which show spontaneous crescentic GN (CrGN). Methods. We treated SCG/Kj mice by using DSG and MPO deletion mutants to investigate epitopes of MPO-ANCA associated with renal failure in SCG/Kj mice. After DSG treatment for 30 days, we observed histological changes in a crescentic formation and infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes into kidney, cytokines/chemokines and MPO-ANCA epitopes by deletion mutants. Results. MPO-ANCA were reduced by the administration of DSG, and epitopes of MPO-ANCA, mainly H-6, decreased. Moreover, the IgG2b subclass of the H-6 epitope of MPO-ANCA was greatly decreased by DSG treatment. These observations correlated with a decrease in renal failure and proteinuria, infiltration of neutrophils and lymphocytes into glomeruli, and crescent formation. The CD4/CD8 ratio of splenocytes ranged from 1.68 (0.24) in the non-treated group to 0.90 (0.12) at 100mg/mouse/day in the DSG-treated group. In addition, elevated levels of IL-12p40, IL-10 and IL-13 in the active phase of CrGN clearly decreased with DSG treatment but not with TNF-a. In contrast, the IL-1a level increased, and IL-17 and IL-12p70 slightly increased with DSG treatment. Conclusion. These results strongly suggest that DSG treatment of SCG/Kj mice leads to the reduction of risk antibodies in IgG2b and normalization of B-cell clones accompanied by recovery of the cytokine and chemokine balance.
Femoral neck modularity: A bridge too far—Affirms

Abstract The use of femoral stems with dual-taper modularity in total hip arthroplasty offers increased flexibility in restoring hip-center anatomy. Independent of femoral fixation, the modular neck offers the surgeon additional options in recreating femoral version, correcting limb length, and altering offset. Additionally, proponents cite smaller incisions, less dissection, reduced impingement and dislocation, and ease of revision. However, adverse events associated with modular femoral neck usage, including local and systemic effects of corrosion, fracture, and complexities of revision, are now well documented. This review highlights the most current basic science and clinical literature regarding the complications associated with modular femoral necks and their mechanisms of failure.
Influence of C terminus on monoamine oxidase A and B catalytic activity.

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) A and B play important roles in the metabolism of neurotransmitters and dietary amines. The domains important for enzyme specificities were studied by construction of chimeric MAOA/B enzymes. Exchange of the N-terminal 45 amino acids of MAOA with the N-terminal 36 residues of MAOB (chimeric enzymes B 36 A and A 45 B) resulted in the same substrate and inhibitor sensitivities as the wild-type MAOA or B. Thus, the N terminus may not be responsible for MAOA or B enzyme specificities. When MAOB C-terminal residues 393-520 were replaced with MAOA C-terminal residues 402-527 (chimeric B 393 A) catalytic activity was not detectable. Chimeric B 393 A consists of eight residues with different charges, three less proline residues (458, 476, and 490), and one additional proline at 518 compared with wild-type MAOB. These differences may have induced conformational changes and affected MAOB catalytic activity. Thus, the C terminus of MAOB is critical for maintaining MAOB in an active form. It is interesting that when the C terminus of MAOA was switched with MAOB (chimeric A 402 B), little effect was observed on MAOA catalytic activity. This new information is valuable for further studies of the structure and function relationship of this important enzyme.
Contribution of individual-based coupled physical-biological models to understanding recruitment in marine fish populations

Annual publications involving the application of coupled physical-biological models for understanding fish recruitment processes have increased over the last decade. Sixty-nine papers were reviewed to assess the contribution these models have made to recruitment prediction and understanding. The majority of models reviewed were 2- and 3-dimensional numerical simulation models, although a limited number of 1-dimensional analytical models were included. Most models used a Lagrangian tracking algorithm to advect and diffuse particles within the model domain. The vertical and horizontal resolutions and temporal durations of the models varied widely. This review identified 3 categories of papers: explanatory, inferential and hypothesis generating. Reviewed papers were dominated by explanatory approaches. Assessment of the sensitivity of model predic- tions to the model parameters were rare, but not entirely absent in this group of papers. Inferential approaches were the next most common, and sought to infer the presence or role of a particular mechanism. Hypothesis-generating publications were the rarest, but perhaps have the most to con- tribute to a greater understanding of recruitment processes. An increase in the frequency of hypothe- sis-generating applications of coupled physical-biological models may be expected over time as the field matures and refinements to both the physical and biological processes included in the models are made.
Western Pacific Warm Pool Region Sensitivity to Convective Triggering byBoundary Layer Thermals in the NOGAPS Atmospheric GCM

The sensitivity of the atmospheric general circulation model of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System to a parameterization of convective triggering by atmospheric boundary layer thermals is investigated. The study focuses on the western Pacific warm pool region and examines the results of seasonal integrations of the model for the winter of 1987/88. A parameterization for thermal triggering of deep convection is presented that is based on a classification of the unstable boundary layer. Surface-based deep convection is allowed only for boundary layer regimes associated with the presence of thermals. The regime classification is expressed in terms of a Richardson number that reflects the relative significance of buoyancy and shear in the boundary layer. By constraining deep convection to conditions consistent with the occurrence of thermals (high buoyancy to shear ratios), there is a significant decrease in precipitation over the southern portion of the northeast trade wind zone in the tropical Pacific and along the ITCZ. This decrease in precipitation allows for an increased flux of moisture into the region south of the equator corresponding to the warmest portion of the Pacific warm pool. Improvements in the simulated distribution of precipitation, precipitable water, and low-level winds in the tropical Pacific are demonstrated. Over the western Pacific, the transition from free convective conditions associated with thermals to forced convective conditions is found to be primarily due to variations in mixed layer wind speed. Low-level winds thus play the major role in regulating the ability of thermals to initiate deep convection. The lack of coupling with the ocean in these simulations may possibly produce a distorted picture in this regard.
Ventricular pressure-volume relationships and oxygen consumption in fibrillation and arrest.

Pressure-volume relationships and myocardial oxygen consumption (V·O2) were obtnined in an isolated heart during ventricular fibrillation, potassium-induced arrest, and isovolumetric contractions. The heart was found to be less distensible in fibrillation than in diastole or arrest. The V·O2 increased from 4.6 to 14.6 cc./100 Gm. LV/min. as the fibrillating ventricle was distended. During arrest the V·O2 remained constant despite ventricular distention. When the fibrillating ventricle was distended beyond a critical point coronary flow was compromised and the V·O2 decreased. Beyond and only beyond this point could the V·O2 be increased by the greater coronary flow induced by a higher perfusion pressure.
Objects that speak creole: juxtapositions of shrine devotions at botánicas in washington, dc

ABSTRACTDevotional objects from diverse sources are arranged in beautiful and efficacious ways at local botanicas, retail stores that sell spiritual goods to a Latino-based, but increasingly diverse clientele. A two-year study of eighteen botanicas in Washington, DC, reveals a complex layering of spiritual traditions from Europe, Africa, Asia and the Americas. While the foundational hybrids of the botanica are of Caribbean origin, new immigrants to Washington from Central America, Africa and Asia are creating stunning juxtapositions of religious meaning and practice. This paper looks at the notion of creolization as a way to understand the power of the spiritual array spatialized in the botanica.
Do visualizations improve program comprehensibility? experiments with control structure diagrams for Java

Recently, the first in a series of planned comprehension experiments was performed to measure the effect of the control structure diagram (CSD) on program comprehensibility. Upper-division computer science students were asked to respond to questions regarding the structure and execution of a source code module written in Java. Statistical analysis of the data collected from this experiment revealed that the CSD was highly significant in enhancing the subjects' performance in this program comprehension task. The results of this initial experiment along with the planned follow-on experiments promise to shed light on fundamental questions regarding the effect of software visualizations on program comprehensibility.
Singularities in the boundaries of local Siegel disks

Bounded irreducible local Siegel disks include classical Siegel disks of polynomials, bounded irreducible Siegel disks of rational and entire functions, and the examples of Herman and Moeckel. We show there are only two possibilities for the structure of the boundary of such a disk: either the boundary admits a nice decomposition onto a circle or it is an indecomposable continuum.
Out-of-core compression and decompression of large n-dimensional scalar fields

We present a simple method for compressing very large and regularly sampled scalar fields. Our method is particularly attractive when the entire data set does not fit in memory and when the sampling rate is high relative to the feature size of the scalar field in all dimensions. Although we report results for R{sup 3} and R{sup 4} data sets, the proposed approach may be applied to higher dimensions. The method is based on the new Lorenzo predictor, introduced here, which estimates the value of the scalar field at each sample from the values at processed neighbors. The predicted values are exact when the n-dimensional scalar field is an implicit polynomial of degree n-1. Surprisingly, when the residuals (differences between the actual and predicted values) are encoded using arithmetic coding, the proposed method often outperforms wavelet compression in an L{infinity} sense. The proposed approach may be used both for lossy and lossless compression and is well suited for out-of-core compression and decompression, because a trivial implementation, which sweeps through the data set reading it once, requires maintaining only a small buffer in core memory, whose size barely exceeds a single n-1 dimensional slice of the data.
Binding of a high affinity phosphotyrosyl peptide to the Src SH2 domain: Crystal structures of the complexed and peptide-free forms

The crystal structure of the Src SH2 domain complexed with a high affinity 11-residue phosphopeptide has been determined at 2.7 A resolution by X-ray diffraction. The peptide binds in an extended conformation and makes primary interactions with the SH2 domain at six central residues: PQ(pY)EEI. The phosphotyrosine and the isoleucine are tightly bound by two well-defined pockets on the protein surface, resulting in a complex that resembles a two-pronged plug engaging a two-holed socket. The glutamate residues are in solvent-exposed environments in the vicinity of basic side chains of the SH2 domain, and the two N-terminal residues cap the phosphotyrosine-binding site. The crystal structure of Src SH2 in the absence of peptide has been determined at 2.5 A resolution, and comparison with the structure of the high affinity complex reveals only localized and relatively small changes.
Spatial Variation in Turbulent Heat Fluxes in Drake Passage

High-resolution underway shipboard atmospheric and oceanic observations collected in Drake Passage from 2000 to 2009 are used to examine the spatial scales of turbulent heat fluxes and flux-related state variables.Themagnitudeof the seasonalcycle ofsea surface temperature (SST) southof the Polar Frontis found to be twice that north of the front, but the seasonal cycles of the turbulent heat fluxes show no differences on either side of the Polar Front. Frequency spectra of the turbulent heat fluxes and related variables are red, with no identifiable spectral peaks. SST and air temperature are coherent over a range of frequencies corresponding to periods between ;10 h and 2 days, with SST leading air temperature. The spatial decorrelation length scales of the sensible and latent heat fluxes calculated from two-day transects are 65 6 6 km and 80 6 6 km, respectively. The scale of the sensible heat flux is consistent with the decorrelation scale for air‐sea temperature differences (70 6 6 km) rather than either SST (153 6 2 km) or air temperature (138 6 4 km) alone. These scales are dominated by the Polar Front. When the Polar Front region is excluded, the decorrelation scales are 10‐20 km, consistent with the first baroclinic Rossby radius. These eddy scales are often unrepresented in the available gridded heat flux products. The Drake Passage shipmeasurementsarecomparedwithfourrecentlyavailablegriddedturbulentheatfluxproducts:theEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts high-resolution operational product in support of the Year of Coordinated Observing Modeling and Forcasting Tropical Convection (ECMWF-YOTC), ECMWF interim reanalysis (ERA-Interim), the Drake Passage reanalysis downscaling (DPRD10) regional product, and the objectively analyzed air‐sea fluxes (OAFlux). The decorrelation length scales of the air‐sea temperature difference, wind speed, and turbulent heat fluxes from these four products are significantly larger than those determined from shipboard measurements.
The notion of twenty-two shrutis

This is an expository article with the intent of briefly explaining the possible logic behind a 22-shruti model for the system of musical notes in Hindustani (i.e., North Indian) classical music. It will also be explained how this model is consistent with the Chatus-saaranaa (meaning ‘four translations’) tuning procedure described in the famous manuscript Natya Shastra by Bharat Muni, dated somewhere between second century BC to third century AD [1].
Environmental control system for light turbo prop

Honeywell has developed a unique environmental control system (ECS) for light turbo-prop aircraft applications. The ECS consists of two integrated systems, an Air Cycle System (ACS) and a Vapor Cycle Cooling System (VCCS). A single controller interfaces with both systems, and provides control by monitoring temperatures within the environment. The valves and fans of the ECS are then adjusted to provide the necessary control to minimise the error between the actual and set temperatures. The controller specifically provides the following functions: ACS control when selected on by the pilot VCCS control when selected on by the pilot Automatic ACS or VCCS control when selected by the pilot System self test The compressor used in the VCCS is a new generation compressor: 28Vdc power supply current Hermetical compressor technology Brush-less DC motor Analogical driving speed This paper will present the design of the hybrid ACS/VCCS environmental control system and notably its unique characteristics - the compressor and control system.
Internal Audit Function (IAF) Quality – An International Comparison

I examine the effects of country institutional factors on the quality of Internal Audit Function. Using data from survey questions from Internal Auditors, Audit Manager and Directors from 36 countries, I find systematic differences in IAF quality across countries. The variation is attributed to country’s institutional characteristics. Specifically, the result demonstrate that countries with large stock market, dispersed ownership, strong shareholder protection, and with high quality of accounting standards are more likely to have a higher percentage of competent and independent IAF than other countries. Overall, the results are consistent with prior works that demonstrate that institutional factors play an important role in influencing international differences in corporate governance and financial reporting systems.
Bathymetric factor graph SLAM with sparse point cloud alignment

This paper reports on a factor graph simultaneous localization and mapping framework for autonomous underwater vehicle localization based on terrain-aided navigation. The method requires no prior bathymetric map and only assumes that the autonomous underwater vehicle has the ability to sparsely sense the local water column depth, such as with a bottom-looking Doppler velocity log. Since dead-reckoned navigation is accurate in short time windows, the vehicle accumulates several water column depth point clouds—or submaps—during the course of its survey. We propose an xy-alignment procedure between these submaps in order to enforce consistent bathymetric structure over time, and therefore attempt to bound long-term navigation drift. We evaluate the submap alignment method in simulation and present performance results from multiple autonomous underwater vehicle field trials.
Martin Diamond and the American Idea of Democracy

This is an essay on the political writings of Martin Diamond, a friend and colleague cherished as much for his seriousness and intellect as for his warmth and wit. It is inspired by the belief that Diamond's understanding of the American constitutional system penetrated deeply, revealing aspects and interrelations often missed; inspired also by the conviction, shared with Diamond, that the system is worth preserving, and that the threats to it are cumulatively more substantial than is usually appreciated.
Leadership in the Administrative State: The Concept of Administrative Conservatorship

This essay provides an alternative framework for interpreting the leadership role of public administrators in governance. It is argued, contrary to the views held by a large band of public administration theorists, that leadership in the administrative state need not and should not be governed solely by the entrepreneurial leadership model. In fact, excessive entrepreneurship is seen as a threat to public institutions. An argument is presented that public administrators are engaged in a special kind of leadership called Administrative Conservatorship. Public administrators are depicted as guardians of public institutions and, in turn, regime values.
From Sticky to Slippery Droplets: Dynamics of Contact Line Depinning on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

This study explores how surface morphology affects the dynamics of contact line depinning of an evaporating sessile droplet on micropillared superhydrophobic surfaces. The result shows that neither a liquid-solid contact area nor an apparent contact line is a critical physical parameter to determine the depinning force. The configuration of a contact line on a superhydrophobic surface is multimodal, composed of both two phases (liquid and air) and three phases (liquid, solid, and air). The multimodal state is dynamically altered when a droplet recedes. The maximal three-phase contact line attainable along the actual droplet boundary is found to be a direct and linear parameter that decides the depinning force on the superhydrophobic surface.
Survey of provider transfusion practices for oncology patients in an Academic Medical Center

OBJECTIVES Hospitalized oncology patients receive care from a variety of professionals, each of whom plays a role in decisions related to blood transfusions. We sought to examine differences in transfusion practices based on professional role, years of experience, and patient clinical scenario. METHODS We surveyed general medicine residents, hospitalists, and oncologists caring for inpatients at a large academic medical center between August 2013 and June 2014. Respondents reported transfusion practices in three different patient scenarios: a generally healthy patient, a patient with solid tumor malignancy, and a patient with hematologic malignancy. We also assessed rationale for transfusion practices. Bivariate comparisons of respondent characteristics and transfusion threshold were conducted using the Fisher exact test. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the relative relations among professional role, years in practice, clinical scenario, and transfusion threshold <7 g/dL. RESULTS Of 158 physicians surveyed, 97 responded (61.4%). In bivariate analyses, fewer oncologists than residents or hospitalists used a threshold of <7 g/dL, but the result was significant for only one of three scenarios. The multivariate odds of transfusing at a threshold <7 g/dL were significantly higher among nononcologists (odds ratio [OR] 2.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-4.28). Residents and practitioners in practice for <4 years also were more likely to use a threshold <7 g/dL (OR 1.82, 95% CI 0.99-3.33). Providers were less likely to use a restrictive threshold when an underlying malignancy was present (solid tumor OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.15-0.64; hematologic malignancy OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.16-0.70). CONCLUSIONS Transfusion thresholds differed based on professional role, years in practice, and patient scenario. Further research is needed to determine the optimal transfusion threshold for oncology patients.
HOW JUDGES THINK ABOUT RACIAL DISPARITIES: SITUATIONAL DECISION-MAKING IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM*

Researchers have theorized how judges’ decision-making may result in the disproportionate presence of Blacks and Latinos in the criminal justice system. Yet, we have little evidence about how judges make sense of these disparities and what, if anything, they do to address them. By drawing on 59 interviews with state judges in a Northeastern state, we describe, and trace the implications of, judges’ understandings of racial disparities at arraignment, plea hearings, jury selection, and sentencing. Most judges in our sample attribute disparities, in part, to differential treatment by themselves and/or other criminal justice officials, whereas some judges attribute disparities only to the disparate impact of poverty and differences in offending rates. To address disparities, judges report employing two categories of strategies: noninterventionist and interventionist. Noninterventionist strategies concern only a judge's own differential treatment, whereas interventionist strategies concern other actors’ possible differential treatment, as well as the disparate impact of poverty and facially neutral laws. We reveal how the use of noninterventionist strategies by most judges unintentionally reproduces disparities. Through our examination of judges’ understandings of racial disparities throughout the court process, we enhance understandings of American racial inequality and theorize a situational approach to decision-making in organizational contexts.