cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Letter-Place Methods and Homotopy

In this paper I want to illustrate the use of letter-place methods in the construction of homotopies for resolutions of certain Weyl modules. I’ll look at two cases: the resolutions of two-rowed skew-shapes (already in the literature [B-R 1]), and the resolutions of hooks (work in progress; only the first three stages of the homotopy appear here). The desire to construct such homotopies arose from the attempt to answer Rota’s question: What do the syzygies of these modules look like? Since, in representation theory and combinatorics, the ‘correct’ form of an answer to such a question is in terms of a basis consisting of easily described tableaux, the double standard tableaux that appear in letter-place algebras lend themselves admirably to this topic.
Modification of the technic of treating erythroblastosis fetalis by exchange transfusion.

A simplified method of treating erythroblastosis by exchange transfusion is described in which the patient is bled and simultaneously transfused with compatible packed red cells. A table is presented which gives the final hematocrit and percentage of inagglutinable red blood cells in the patient9s body at the termination of the exchange transfusion, in relation to the patient9s initial hematocrit and the amount of blood exchanged. An exchange transfusion with 100 to 150 cc. of packed cells appears to be adequate regardless of the severity of the anemia. Statistical analysis of the result of 106 exchange transfusions shows a progressive drop in mortality rate from 23.7% in 38 cases treated with 500 cc. of whole citrated blood, to 14.6 cc. in 48 cases treated with 1,000 cc. of whole citrated blood, and to 10.0% in 20 cases treated with 120 cc. of packed cells. While the improvement may be accidental, there is no doubt that exchange transfusion with packed cells is a simpler procedure which avoids the introduction into the patient9s body of large amounts of adult plasma, and potentially toxic doses of citrate and calcium. Two cases are described in detail which have unusual serologic and clinical features and illustrate the types of problems which may arise when treating erythroblastotic babies.
Is There a Relationship between Firm Performance, Corporate Governance, and a Firm's Decision to Form a Technology Committee?

Some S&P 500 firms have recently formed technology committees at the board-level. This study investigates the corporate governance and firm financial performance implications of the voluntary formation of technology committees by members of the S&P 500. Using financial performance and structure-related variables, the results of the study suggest that firms’ corporate governance ratings are significantly and positively related to their decisions to voluntarily form technology committees. Specifically, firm performance ratios such as return on assets, return on equity, and net profit margin appear to be associated with firms’ decisions to form board-level technology committees. These findings have post Sarbanes-Oxley corporate governance and performance implications and should be relevant for stakeholders such as the SEC, various stock exchanges, and the firms themselves.
Scalable semantic retrieval through summarization and refinement

Query processing of OWL-DL ontologies is intractable in the worst case, but we present a novel technique that in practice allows for efficient querying of ontologies with large Aboxes in secondary storage. We focus on the processing of instance retrieval queries, i.e., queries that retrieve individuals in the Abox which are instances of a given concept C. Our technique Uses summarization and refinement to reduce instance retrieval to a small relevant subset of the original Abox. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this technique in Aboxes with up to 7 million assertions. Our results are applicable to the very expressive description logic SHIN, which corresponds to OWL-DL minus nominals and datatypes.
Structural disorder and its effect on the superconducting transition temperature in the organic superconductor κ − ( B E D T − T T F ) 2 Cu [ N ( CN ) 2 ] Br

In this paper, we report direct evidence of a structural transition in the organic superconductor $\ensuremath{\kappa}\ensuremath{-}{(\mathrm{B}\mathrm{E}\mathrm{D}\mathrm{T}\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{T}\mathrm{F})}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}[\mathrm{N}(\mathrm{CN})}_{2}]\mathrm{Br}$ near 80 K and the effect of disorder on the superconducting transition temperature. By cooling the sample from above 80 K, the interlayer magnetoresistance displays a bumplike feature, which increases sharply with increasing cooling rate. The rapidly cooled sample has a much larger resistivity and a lower transition temperature, which decreases linearly with increasing resistivity near the transition temperature. We propose that rapid cooling quenches the sample into a disordered state. Localized moments in the disordered state reduce the superconducting transition temperature.
Binding of a cellular protein to the gibbon ape leukemia virus enhancer.

Abstract The gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV) contains enhancer activity within its long terminal repeat. In the GALV Seato strain this activity resides in a 48-base-pair (bp) repeated element. We demonstrate the existence of a cellular protein which binds in this region of the Seato strain. A sensitive method for enriching protein-DNA complexes from crude extracts coupled with exonuclease and DNase footprint analysis revealed the specific binding of this protein to a 21-bp region within each repeated element. A 22-bp oligonucleotide fragment defined solely by the 21-bp footprint binds a protein in vitro and displays enhancer activity in vivo, suggesting that this protein is a major determinant of GALV enhancer activity. The protein is present in three cell lines which are positive for enhancer activity and is not detected in Jurkat cells, which are negative for enhancer activity. Only GALV long-terminal-repeat variants which support high levels of enhancer activity in vivo compete with this protein for specific binding in vitro, suggesting a potential role for the protein in determining enhancer activity. This protein binding is not inhibited by competition with heterologous retroviral enhancers, demonstrating that it is not a ubiquitous retroviral enhancer binding protein.
Model for teaching effectiveness index for decisions

This paper defines teaching as a process and develops a model to measure the effectiveness of the process. The model uses a teaching-learning approach derived from learning theories, motivational theories, and experimental design, to create an index for measuring instruction effectiveness. The validity and the strength of the model is tested through Factor Analysis and ANOVA techniques. The results show that the index is useful for rating, comparing courses or evaluating techniques, and can guide decisions regarding course improvements, methods, styles, and alternative teaching methodologies.
Solubilization of Gases by Polyethoxylated Octyl Phenols

Abstract Measurements have been made to determine the solubilities of five gases, oxygen, argon, methane, ethane, and propane, in aqueous solutions of three commercially available polyethoxylated nonyl phenols having 10, 20, and 30 ethylene oxide units. The solubilities of each gas, measured at 25°C, follow Henry's law and increase linearly with surfactant concentration for each of the surfactants studied as expected with micellar solubilization. The intramicellar solubility of each gas, measured on a weight basis using molality units, decreases as the mol ratio of ethylene oxide to nonyl phenol increases indicating that the polymerized ethylene oxide chains of the surfactant molecules do not contribute to the solubilization of these gases. The solubilizing capacity of the hydrophobic interiors of these micelles is found to closely approximate the bulk solubility of nonyl phenol.
A Blind Likelihood-Based Approach for OFDM Spectrum Sensing in the Presence of I/Q Imbalance

We investigate the spectrum sensing problem in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based cognitive radio networks under I/Q imbalance. We start by deriving the likelihood ratio test in the presence of I/Q imbalance at the analog front-ends of both the primary and secondary users. In addition, we derive closed-form expressions for the probabilities of detection and false alarm and the receiver operating characteristics and examine their dependence on both transmit and receive I/Q imbalance levels. Furthermore, we compare the performance of the likelihood ratio test with that of the energy detector and demonstrate the superiority of the former over the latter. Next, we generalize our analysis to the blind case where we derive simple closed-form expressions for the generalized likelihood ratio test and its false alarm probability as a function of the received signal only, i.e. without requiring any knowledge of the primary-to-secondary channel response, noise statistics, or I/Q imbalance parameters. Our results demonstrate that the correlation properties of the primary user's signal induced by transmit I/Q imbalance are signal features that can be exploited in a blind fashion at the secondary user to enhance the detection probability significantly compared to the conventional energy detector.
On distinct representatives and mapping theorems

Abstract We present an elementary proof of a transfinite symmetric form of Philip Hall's theorem on systems of distinct representatives and derive some wellknown mapping theorems from it to illustrate the ease with which this form of the theorem may be used.
The Presentist Bias: Ahistoricism, Equity, and International Development in the 1970s

Abstract This article examines development thinking in the 1970s, when modernisation templates stressing growth and industrialisation gave way to a direct concern for relieving poverty. Although this new direction broke with development paradigms that presented Western history as a model for universal emulation, equity advocates cultivated new forms of presentism that continued to overlook the local histories of developing nations. An increased sense of the ethical urgency of development and demands for immediate practical action hardened the technical and ahistorical biases of development practice.
Revisiting matrix squaring

Abstract Let A be an n × n complex valued matrix. Denote by |λ 1 |⩾|λ 2 |⩾⋯⩾ |λ n | the absolute values of the eigenvalues of A . We give a “sure” algorithm to find |λ 1 | and |λ 2 |⧸|λ 1 | based on matrix squaring.
Reactions of a water soluble cobalt porphyrin with thiocyanate.

Abstract Rate and equilibrium constants have been determined for the reactions of Cobalt(III)Tetra(N-methyltetrapyridyl)Porphine with thiocyanate as a function of pH. The porphyrin ligand increases the substitution rates at the Co(III) center by several orders of magnitude relative to many other Co(III) complexes. The rates of formation and dissociation of the thiocyanate complexes are also dependent on the nature of the axial ligand trans to the water molecule being removed.
Quality of Non–Breast Cancer Health Maintenance Among Elderly Breast Cancer Survivors

Purpose: To assess the quality of preventive health care, the role of health care participation, and the patient and provider characteristics associated with high-quality care for breast cancer survivors. Methods: We analyzed the 1997 to 1998 Medicare data of elderly women who were diagnosed with nonmetastatic breast cancer in 1991 or 1992 while living in a Survival, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) tumor registry area and who survived to the end of 1998 without evidence of cancer recurrence. Controls were matched for age, race, and geographic location. Results: The 5,965 breast cancer survivors received more preventive services (influenza vaccination, lipid testing, cervical and colon screening, and bone densitometry) than matched controls. Among both groups, those who were younger, non–African-American, of higher socioeconomic status, living in urban areas, and receiving care in a teaching center were most likely to receive high-quality health maintenance. Those survivors who continued to see oncolo...
Electron emission from amorphous solid water induced by fast ions

Absolute doubly differential electron emission yields from thin films of amorphous solid water (ASW) following the transmission of 6-MeV protons and 1-MeV/u fluorine ions are presented. The ASW films were condensed on a cryogenic 1-μm copper foil substrate held at 40 K. The absolute doubly differential yields are compared to results from Monte Carlo track structure simulations for electron transport in liquid water. The model shows good agreement with the experimental data for electron energies greater than approximately 50 eV, but tends to overestimate the yields of low-energy electrons.
Family poverty is associated with cytomegalovirus antibody titers in U.S. children.

OBJECTIVE: Early life environmental and psychological influences are thought to play an important role in the development of the immune system. Antibody response to latent herpesviruses has been used as an indirect measure of cell-mediated immune function but has seldom been applied to younger age groups. METHODS: We used data from the 1999-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to test for an association between family poverty and continuous antibody response to cytomegalovirus in U.S. children aged 6-16 (N = 2,226) using ordinary least squares regression. RESULTS: Poverty was significantly associated with increased antibody levels among seropositive individuals. The association between income and antibody levels exhibited a threshold effect, with additional income beyond the poverty line not associated with increased antibody titers. This relationship was more robust among older compared with younger children. CONCLUSIONS: Early life social factors such as family poverty could have detrimental impacts on the developing immune system, with potentially important consequences for later life health outcomes. Exposure to socioeconomic stressors for longer periods during childhood may further enhance alterations in immune response to cytomegalovirus.
Liberalism and International Law: Evidence from the Ganges Water Dispute

Abstract This article uses evidence from the Ganges Water Dispute to explore the relationship between liberal international relations theory and international law. As such, this article addresses one of the primary questions in international law: why do states agree to international law? The Ganges Water Dispute between Bangladesh and India lasted 40 years and was concluded with the sudden creation of the Ganges Water Treaty in 1996. This article argues that liberal international relations theory is of most use in understanding the surprising creation of this treaty, as opposed to the more conventional approaches to international law such as institutionalism or constructivism, because it takes into consideration the role of regime type, domestic politics, and transnational interactions. In particular, Bangladesh's transition to a liberal state in the early 1990s, elections in both India and Bangladesh, and pressure from the pending creation of a UN water treaty facilitated the creation of the Ganges Water...
First-principles transition state study of oxygen reduction reaction on Pt (111) surface modified by subsurface transition metals

We have performed first-principles density functional theory calculations to investigate how subsurface 3d transition metals M (M = Ni, Co, Fe, Ti, or V) affect the energetics and mechanisms of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on the outermost Pt mono-surface layer of Pt/M (111) surfaces. We found that the alteration of the ORR mechanism pathway can explain the activity enhancement for ORR on the Pt/M (111) surfaces.
A refinement of a result of Corrádi and Hajnal

Corradi and Hajnal proved that for every k ? 1 and n ? 3k, every n-vertex graph with minimum degree at least 2k contains k vertex-disjoint cycles. This implies that every 3k-vertex graph with maximum degree at most k ? 1 has an equitable k-coloring. We prove that for s?{3,4} if an sk-vertex graph G with maximum degree at most k has no equitable k-coloring, then G either contains Kk+1 or k is odd and G contains Kk,k. This refines the above corollary of the Corradi-Hajnal Theorem and also is a step toward the conjecture by Chen, Lih, and Wu that for r ? 3, the only connected graphs with maximum degree at most r that are not equitably r-colorable are Kr,r (for odd r) and Kr+1.
Women's Jobs, Men's Jobs: Sex Segregation and Emotional Labor

Job segregation—the tendency for men and women to work in different occupations—is often cited as the reason that women's wages lag men's. But this begs the question: What is it about women's jobs that causes them to pay less? We argue that emotional labor offers the missing link in the explanation. Tasks that require the emotive work thought natural for women, such as caring, negotiating, empathizing, smoothing troubled relationships, and working behind the scenes to enable cooperation, are required components of many women's jobs. Excluded from job descriptions and performance evaluations, the work is invisible and uncompensated. Public service relies heavily on such skills, yet civil service systems, which are designed on the assumptions of a bygone era, fail to acknowledge and compensate emotional labor.
Precision and validity of stereoscopic depth perception from double images.

This study reports data on the question as to how precise is stereoscopic depth localization with double images and what is the relationship between that subjective depth and objective depth. Instrumentation was used which permitted a test object to be adjusted relative to a reference object, when both of these were observed in increasing disparity between the images of the two eyes and in increasing peripheral angle. The data show that the precision of the stereoscopic depth seems to decrease exponentially with disparity, becoming very small near the limiting values of disparity for stereopsis. When the test object is adjusted for half the depth of the reference object, and adjusted to be as far in front of the fixation point as the reference is behind, the data show a remarkable validity for a wide range of disparity, until the limiting disparities are approached. Then the stereoscopic depth levels off to a constant value. These results are discussed in relation to the visual processes and spatial localization.
The lupus band test: A re-evaluation

The lupus band test is widely regarded as a sensitive test in the diagnosis of lupus erythematosus, particularly as applied to cutaneous lesions. It is commonly said to be positive in 90% or more of lesions in discoid and systemic. lupus. Other criteria for diagnosis are often not specified in previous studies. This and the subjective element of immunofluorescence microscopy raise some doubts about the sensitivity of the test for skin lesions. In this comparative light microscopy and immunofluorescence study, the lupus band test was positive in only 67% of discoid lesions and 73% of lesions in systemic lupus. The test was occasionally positive where light microscopy was inconclusive and was positive in 82% of systemic lupus patients' uninvolved skin. IgM was an infrequent reactant in the lupus band. The significance of these findings is discussed.
Chimpanzee genital swelling and its role in the pattern of sociosexual behavior.

Behavioral observations were made on thirteen female and seven male adult group-living chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). The behavioral data were analyzed as a function of the day of the females' menstrual cycles to explore the possible interrelationship between genital swelling and sociosexual behavior of female chimpanzees. Copulatory behavior was confined almost entirely to the period of genital swelling and the occurrence of male-to-female genital inspection (both female- and male-initiated) was negatively correlated with the days from swelling onset, i.e., as the presumed day of ovulation approached, genital inspection decreased, while copulatory behavior increased. In addition, more females groomed their male cagemates during the luteal phase than in the follicular phase of their cycles, whereas male-to-female grooming was positively correlated with the progress of the cycle, with peaks during the time of swelling onset and menstruation. The profile of sociosexual behavior observed throughout the menstrual cycle suggested that, although chimpanzees exhibit an extended period of sexual receptivity and genital swelling, the presumed fertile period is not concealed. The role of genital swelling in chimpanzees is discussed in relation to the possible hormonal effect on female sexuality and the evolution of chimpanzee mating strategies. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nanostructured photon management for high performance solar cells

Advanced photon management, involving both absorption enhancement and reflection reduction, is critical to all the photovoltaic devices. Here we discuss a novel solar cell structure with an efficient photon management design. The centerpiece of the design is the nanocone structure, which is fabricated by a scalable low temperature process. With this design, devices with very thin active layer can achieve near perfect absorption because of both efficient antireflection and absorption enhancement over a broad band of spectra and a wide range of angles of incidence. The device performance of this design is significantly better compared to conventional devices. More excitingly, the design and process is in principle not limited to any specific materials, hence it opens up exciting opportunities for a variety kinds of photovoltaic devices, to further improve the performance, reduce materials usage, and relieve the abundance limitation.
Thermal inactivation of the molecular forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase.

To compare acetylcholinesterase (acetylcholine acetylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.7) and butyrylcholinesterase (acylcholine acylhydrolase, EC 3.1.1.8), we utilized the physical parameter of thermolability. In serum or muscle extracts from mouse and rat, butyrylcholinesterase was inactivated as a unimodal function of temperature. Inactivation began at 51 degrees C and was complete at 54-57 degrees C (depending upon time of incubation). Acetylcholinesterase was inactivated in two stages. A 60% decrease in activity from 42 to 48 degrees C was followed by a plateau. The second stage of inactivation began at 51 degrees C and was complete at 57-60 degrees C (depending upon time of incubation). Sucrose density gradients revealed that the partial loss of acetylcholinesterase activity at 48 degrees C was due to inactivation of the monomeric 4 S enzyme, which was the most thermolabile molecular form in each tissue examined. When heated after isolation on density gradients, most of the forms of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase lost activity as a single exponential function of time. The monomers of both enzymes were inactivated fastest. Inactivation of the larger froms was slower and required higher temperatures. Tetrameric 10 S acetylcholinesterase was unique in following a time course that could only be fitted by a double exponential equation (i.e., when this form was heated to 55 degrees C, almost 60% of the activity showed a short half-life while the remainder showed a long half-life). This behavior did not reflect differences in the thermolability of soluble and membrane-derived tetramers.
Neurosurgical and neuroendovascular management of Takayasu's arteritis.

OBJECTIVE: The roles of surgical and endovascular treatments for patients with Takayasu's arteritis are not clear. We report our experience in the neurosurgical and/or neuroendovascular treatment of patients with Takayasu's arteritis who exhibited ischemic neurological symptoms. METHODS: Between 1994 and 1998, seven patients with Takayasu's arteritis and neurological symptoms were treated at the Stanford University Medical Center. All patients were angiographically evaluated and received maximal medical therapy. Cerebral blood flow studies were performed for six patients. Three patients underwent surgical revascularization procedures alone, two underwent combinations of surgical and endovascular procedures, and two underwent endovascular treatment alone. RESULTS: The most common neurological symptoms were dysequilibrium, syncope, and visual disturbances. The characteristic angiographic features of Takayasu's arteritis were identified for all patients. The subclavian arteries and proximal carotid and vertebral arteries were involved in all patients. Two patients exhibited improvement of their symptoms after endovascular treatment alone. There were two deaths after surgery, involving patients with severe global cerebral hypoperfusion. All other surgically treated patients exhibited improvement of their symptoms, with patent grafts, up to 4 years after surgery. Cerebral blood flow improved after treatment. CONCLUSION: Improvement of symptoms can be achieved with surgical revascularization and/or endovascular treatment. Staged revascularization might be better than one-stage bilateral high-flow grafting for patients with severe global hypoperfusion.
Human immunodeficiency virus induces phosphorylation of its cell surface receptor.

AIDS is an immunoregulatory disorder characterized by depletion of the CD4+, helper/inducer lymphocyte population1. The causative agent of this disease is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV2–4, which infects CD4+ cells and leads to cytopathic effects characterized by syncytia formation and cell death5,6. Recent studies have demonstrated that binding of HIV to its cellular receptor CD4 is necessary for viral entry7,8. We find that binding of HIV to CD4 induces rapid and sustained phosphorylation of CD4 which could involve protein kinase C. HIV-induced CD4 phosphorylation can be blocked by antibody against CD4 and monoclonal antibody against the HIV envelope glycoprotein gp120, indicating that a specific interaction between CD4 and gp120 is required for phosphorylation. Electron microscopy shows that a protein kinase C inhibitor does not impair binding of HIV to CD4+ cells, but causes an apparent accumulation of virus particles at the cell surface, at the same time inhibiting viral infectivity. These results indicate a possible role for HIV-induced CD4 phosphorylation in viral entry and identify a potential target for antiviral therapy.
Methodological issues in the study of rare exposures and rare outcomes in perinatal epidemiology

Epidemiologic study of rare exposures and rare outcomes is complicated. For perinatal epidemiology, a prospective cohort study design is preferred for reproductive outcomes with incidences of at least 5%. Case-control studies are generally used to investigate rare outcomes with incidences from 5 per 1000 to less than 1 per 1000. However, obtaining data on large numbers of rare cases can be difficult. The use of nested case-control designs or nested prospective studies may be particularly useful in perinatal epidemiology.
The shape of atomic orbitals

Radial moment analysis of accurate atomic orbitals and of simplified analytic representations provides insight into the effect of radial nodes on orbital shape. The concept of effective principal quantum number is used to extend simple analytic representation to the heavier elements.
Evolution of Analyzing Reservoir Simulation Data

Petroleum-producing companies world-wide routinely use numerical reservoir simulation as an engineering tool to manage their hydrocarbon reservoirs efficiently. The task of building models with a large number of gridblocks is not easy, and analyzing the voluminous results produced by such models is even more difficult. This paper discusses the historical evolution of techniques used to analyze reservoir simulation data over the past decade. It outlines how the advancement of workstation technology and the introduction of an X-Window system opened up an entirely new way of using mainframe computing power and workstation graphical display capabilities simultaneously. The paper also discusses Saudi Aramco`s experience in the development of sophisticated reservoir simulation postprocessing packages. The authors emphasize the need for direct communication between the programmer and end users to facilitate a user-friendly package. They present a practical example illustrating the benefit of these postprocessing packages in the construction and history matching of a large model with approximately 52,000 cells. They estimate savings in manpower and computer resources using current technology.
The ordinal egalitarian bargaining solution for finite choice sets

Rubinstein et al. (Econometrica 60:1171–1186, 1992) introduced the Ordinal Nash Bargaining Solution. They prove that Pareto optimality, ordinal invariance, ordinal symmetry, and IIA characterize this solution. A feature of their work is that attention is restricted to a domain of social choice problems with an infinite set of basic allocations. We introduce an alternative approach to solving finite social choice problems using a new notion called the Ordinal Egalitarian (OE) bargaining solution. This suggests the middle ranked allocation (or a lottery over the two middle ranked allocations) of the Pareto set as an outcome. We show that the OE solution is characterized by weak credible optimality, ordinal symmetry and independence of redundant alternatives. We conclude by arguing that what allows us to make progress on this problem is that with finite choice sets, the counting metric is a natural and fully ordinal way to measure gains and losses to agents seeking to solve bargaining problems.
"Sometimes you don't feel ready to be an adult or a mom:" the experience of adolescent pregnancy.

This ethnographic study based on the anthropological tradition of qualitative research examined the responses of pregnant adolescents in preparation for a motherhood class curriculum. The early Intervention Program was conducted in Southern California among 36 pregnant teens who enrolled in and attended the 4-week prenatal class series between summer of 1994 and winter of 1995. The prenatal curriculum contains four maternal tasks of pregnancy which include 1) identification of the complexities of motherhood; 2) development of attachment to the unborn infant; 3) gaining acceptance of the child by significant others; and 4) ensuring physical well being of self and baby. The findings of this study identified two overall response categories: maternal role and relationships. Within the category of maternal role three primary themes emerged--responsibility respect and reparation--while three important relationships described by the adolescents included mothers partners and friends. In conclusion the need for a competent and appropriate psychotherapeutic intervention must be addressed by nurses with adolescent mothers prior to childbirth to enable healing of childhood wounds and prevent experiencing additional stressors inherent to motherhood.
Streptococcus Durans N. SP.

Summary Streptococcus durans N. Sp. is suggested as an appropriate name for the hemolytic streptococcus previously called S. hemothermophilus . The organism was studied by the application of more extensive tests, and a full description is given. Its close relationship to the enterococcus group of streptococci is established.
Scale modelling of aircraft fuselage: an innovative approach to evaluate and improve crashworthiness

Scale modelling of an aircraft fuselage and its measure of accuracy was investigated and determined with 1/5th, 1/10th, 1/15th and 1/20th times scaled models of an aircraft fuselage. Non-linear Finite Element Method (FEM) solver LS DYNA 3-D has been employed to analyse the experimental 1/20th scale aircraft fuselage model. The results were validated with the experimental scaled drop test model. The focus of this paper is to evaluate the scaling concept and its possible incorporation into the crashworthiness evaluation of fuselage as a potential crashworthiness evaluation tool. The impact design requirement for the 1/20th scale model fuselage section is to maintain 500 g floor-level acceleration for a 30 ft/s vertical impact velocity onto a rigid surface. This impact requirement corresponds to 25 g floor-level acceleration for a geometrically and constitutively similar full-scale fuselage section. Sub-floor concepts were then evaluated by conducting dynamic tests and confirmed with analytical calculations ...
Localization of the GM1 ganglioside in the vestibular system using cholera toxin

Abstract Cholera toxin is an ubiquitous activator of intracellular adenylate cyclase and is divided in two major components: A and B. The B-component consists of several subunits that specifically bind to the external cell membrane. The receptor for the toxin, the GM1 ganglioside, is concentrated in nervous tissues. The B subunit of the cholera toxin, conjugated to different molecules (i.e. choleragenoid) is therefore a sensitive anatomical tracer and has been used to detect the presence of GM1 in mammalian tissues. Using choleragenoid, unlabeled and labeled with FITC, we have determined the distribution of the GM1 ganglioside in the vestibular system of the chinchilla. Vestibular tissues were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffer, decalcified in 10% EDTA and prepared as either whole-mount, surface-preparations, or for radial cryosections. Positive control tissue consisted of binding to normal brain tissues. Negative controls consisted of several treatments: masking of the GM1 receptors with unlabeled choleragenoid, tissue extraction of GM1 using ethanol, and preabsorbing the choleragenoid with bovine GM1. In addition, to exclude staining of glycoproteins that may have a carbohydrate structure similar to GM1, tissues were digested with trypsin prior to choleragenoid exposure. In the vestibular system, a strongly positive reaction was observed in: the sensory stereocilia and supporting cells of the maculae and cristae, epithelial cells of the planum semilunatum, and polygonal cells of the semicircular canal. Positive but less strong reactivity was observed in the sensory cell body of maculae and cristae, nerve fibers, epithelial cells of utricle and ampulla walls and flattened epithelial cells of the semicircular canals. No reactivity was present in the supporting connective tissue cells and fibrils, blood vessels, gelatinous cupula of the cristae ampullaris and statoconial membranes. Brain tissue showed strong choleragenoid reactivity. The negative controls showed no or greatly reduced reactivity to choleragenoid. Trypsin digestion did not decrease reactivity to choleragenoid.
Brain Hypoperfusion in a Girl With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

We describe an adolescent girl with systemic lupus erythematosus, presenting with severe cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction and incapacitating orthostatic hypotension to a degree not previously reported. Further evaluation of cerebral blood flow velocity, using transcranial Doppler testing, demonstrated an abnormal hypercapnic cerebrovascular response. Both the orthostatic hypotension and the abnormal cerebrovascular hypercapnic response improved with intensive medical treatment of her systemic lupus erythematosus. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the pathogenesis of these cerebrovascular and autonomic abnormalities, especially considering the potential consequences they may exert on cerebral perfusion, which may be subtle, underrecognized, and capable of affecting cognition.
Limited cleavage of human lactoferrin with pepsin

Abstract 1. 1. Human lactoferrin in the iron-saturated form was treated with pepsin at pH 3.0, and a fragment with a single iron-binding site was isolated in a 90% pure state. 2. 2. Its mol. wt was near 33,000. 3. 3. Its N-terminal residue was alanine, and its iron-binding properties were identical to those of lactoferrin. 4. 4. The curve showing iron incorporation from lactoferrin and its fragment into reticulocytes showed a biphasic character. 5. 5. It is concluded that lactoferrin consists of two largely independent parts, which may have arisen by a gene duplication process.
Subspace detection of high-dimensional vectors using compressive sampling

We consider the problem of detecting whether a high dimensional vector ∈ ℝn lies in a r-dimensional subspace S, where r ≪ n, given few compressive measurements of the vector. This problem arises in several applications such as detecting anomalies, targets, interference and brain activations. In these applications, the object of interest is described by a large number of features and the ability to detect them using only linear combination of the features (without the need to measure, store or compute the entire feature vector) is desirable. We present a test statistic for subspace detection using compressive samples and demonstrate that the probability of error of the proposed detector decreases exponentially in the number of compressive samples, provided that the energy off the subspace scales as n. Using information-theoretic lower bounds, we demonstrate that no other detector can achieve the same probability of error for weaker signals. Simulation results also indicate that this scaling is near-optimal.
The Distinction between Chlorophaeite and Palagonite

In a recent paper, Dr. L. L. Fermor (12) discusses the composition of chlorophaeite and palagonite and the employment of these terms, with special reference to the present writer's view of this subject, reached principally through a study of the palagonitetuffs of Iceland (11). In an earlier extended study of Indian traps Dr. Fermor had concluded that the orange and brown chlorophaeite-like bodies, often called “palagonite” by the Indian Survey petrographers, are identical with chlorophaeite, and that the similar associated greenish substance, also embraced in the term “palagonite” by these workers, is perhaps, when anisotropic, the chlorite delessite (10, p. 133). One inference from these observations is that palagonite comprises chlorophaeite and the associated green substance; another is that the application of palagonite to these bodies was primarily a misnomer.
Differential Induction of Cytochrome P450-Mediated Triasulfuron Metabolism by Naphthalic Anhydride and Triasulfuron

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play paramount roles in the detoxification of herbicides as well as in the synthesis of lignins, flavonoids, and phenolic acids. Biochemical analysis of triasulfuron metabolism in maize (Zea mays) seedlings has demonstrated that the P450(s) responsible for detoxification of this herbicide is induced by naphthalic anhydride (NA), a plant safener, and by triasulfuron, the herbicide itself. Induction studies conducted with seedlings of different ages suggest that two separate response pathways modulate this P-450 activity. Induction by NA is independent of the developmental age of the seedlings up to 6.5 d; induction by triasulfuron is tightly modulated with respect to developmental age in that triasulfuron metabolism can be induced by triasulfuron in young (2.5 d) but not older (6.5 d) seedlings. Induction by NA administered in combination with triasulfuron synergistically enhances triasulfuron metabolism in younger seedlings to levels substantially above that obtained with either herbicide or safener treatment alone. In older seedlings, NA plus triasulfuron treatment induces triasulfuron metabolism to only the level of NA treatment alone, indicating again that the induction cascade responding to triasulfuron is nonfunctional in later development. MnCl2 studies indicate that the triasulfuron insensitivity of older seedlings does not result from a general limitation in the inducibility of this P-450 detoxification system but rather from specific limitations in the triasulfuron-response pathway.
Penalty solution of the Navier-Stokes equations

Abstract The penalty method can advantageously be employed with a finite difference formulation in terms of the primitive variables to solve the Navier-Stokes equations, provided a MAC-type grid is used; a conventional grid yields very poor results. For iterative methods of solution, a succession of solutions with increasing penalties is preferable to the use of a large constant penalty. The method can be extended to three dimensions.
A novel membrane anchor function for the N-terminal amphipathic sequence of the signal-transducing protein IIAGlucose of the Escherichia coli phosphotransferase system

Enzyme IIAGlucose(IIAGlc) is a signal-transducing protein in the phosphotransferase system of Escherichia coli. Structural studies of free IIAGlc and the HPr-IIAGlc complex have shown that IIAGlccomprises a globular β-sheet sandwich core (residues 19–168) and a disordered N-terminal tail (residues 1–18). Although the presence of the N-terminal tail is not required for IIAGlc to accept a phosphorus from the histidine phosphocarrier protein HPr, its presence is essential for effective phosphotransfer from IIAGlc to the membrane-bound IIBCGlc. The sequence of the N-terminal tail suggests that it has the potential to form an amphipathic helix. Using CD, we demonstrate that a peptide, corresponding to the N-terminal 18 residues of IIAGlc, adopts a helical conformation in the presence of either the anionic lipid phosphatidylglycerol or a mixture of anionic E. coli lipids phosphatidylglycerol (25%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (75%). The peptide, however, is in a random coil state in the presence of the zwitterionic lipid phosphatidylcholine, indicating that electrostatic interactions play a role in the binding of the lipid to the peptide. In addition, we show that intact IIAGlc also interacts with anionic lipids, resulting in an increase in helicity, which can be directly attributed to the N-terminal segment. From these data we propose that IIAGlc comprises two functional domains: a folded domain containing the active site and capable of weakly interacting with the peripheral IIB domain of the membrane protein IIBCGlc; and the N-terminal tail, which interacts with the negatively charged E. coli membrane, thereby stabilizing the complex of IIAGlc with IIBCGlc. This stabilization is essential for the final step of the phosphoryl transfer cascade in the glucose transport pathway.
The effect of various thyroxine analogues on suppression of I 131 uptake by the rat thyroid.

Forty-five different thyroxinc analogues have been compared to l-thyroxinc for their ability to decrease the thyroid collection of I131 in the rat. On a weight basis only 3,5,3′-triiodo-l-thyronine was found more effective than l-thyroxine. Compounds containing iodine were all capable of producing some inhibition roviding the dosage was adequate. THE dose of thyroid hormone, within limits, can be directly related to thyroidal uptake of I131 in experimental animals. This method has been used in the present report to assay the relative effectiveness of thyroxine analogues in blocking uptake of radioiodine in rats. Approximately 2,500 male rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain (Charles-River Breeding Laboratories, Boston, Massachusetts) ranging in weight between 75–125 gm. were used in this study. They were selected so that the average body weight of each group as essentially identical within each separate experiment.
Quasimelting and phases of small particles.

Calculations of the Gibbs free energies of single-crystal and multiply twinned small metal particles clearly indicate for the first time both the presence of a quasimolten phase (where the particles are continuously fluctuating between different structures) at temperatures well below the melting point and the existence of distinct phase regions for different particle shapes. These results have important implications for the understanding of epitaxial growth processes; for instance, at temperatures where the quasimolten and single-crystal phases are contiguous one would expect far better epitaxial growth than at temperatures where the multiply twinned phases are stable.
SOLITARY WAVES IN LAYERED NONLINEAR MEDIA

We study longitudinal elastic strain waves in a one-dimensional periodically layered medium, alternating between two materials with different densities and stress-strain relations. If the impedances are different, dispersive effects are seen due to reflection at the interfaces. When the stress-strain relations are nonlinear, the combination of dispersion and nonlinearity leads to the appearance of solitary waves that interact like solitons. We study the scaling properties of these solitary waves and derive a homogenized system of equations that includes dispersive terms. We show that pseudospectral solutions to these equations agree well with direct solutions of the hyperbolic conservation laws in the layered medium using a high-resolution finite volume method. For particular parameters we also show how the layered medium can be related to the Toda lattice, which has discrete soliton solutions.
Gorbachev as a Social Market Economist

Gorbachev is in the process of not only abolishing central planning and the privileges of the nomenclatura but also establishing broad political dialogue and elections, and, most importantly, at least some forms of private property and the price mechanism. He realises that socioeconomic theories which abstract themselves from the observations and needs of daily life have little relevance. Furthermore, he is aware of the fact that a meaningful paradigm has to pay attention to society′s values, i.e. to the interrelationship of personal initiative, morality, law, government and public policy. Hence, Gorbachev advocates the establishment of more favourable socioeconomic conditions to lay the foundation for a “functional social market economy”, however defined, in the Soviet Union.
Thoracic spinal manipulation for musculoskeletal shoulder pain: Can an instructional set change patient expectation and outcome?

Abstract Study design Planned secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. Objectives To examine: 1) patients' baseline expectations for treatment outcome of thoracic high velocity low amplitude thrust manipulations (HVLATM) to the thoracic spine for shoulder pain; 2) if the message conveyed by the clinician changed the patients' expectation; 3) any differences in outcome based on expectation independent of messaging.; and 4) any differences in outcome for those patients whose expectations significantly changed as a result of the messaging. Background Thoracic HVLATM may be an effective intervention for patients suffering from musculoskeletal shoulder pain. The role of expectation in the treatment effectiveness of this intervention has not been established. Methods Subjects' expectations regarding the effectiveness of HVLATM on shoulder pain were recorded at baseline. This was reassessed immediately following the provision of positive or neutral instructional set. The subjects then received a thoracic or scapular HVLATM. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) were used as outcomes measures. Results There was a 10 subject change (23%) in positive expectation that was statistically significant ( p = 0.019) following a positive message. There was no statistically significant difference in pain and function when these subjects were compared to all other subjects. Conclusion Although patients' expectations of positive outcome significantly changed when providing a positive instructional set, these changes did not translate into clinically significant short term changes in shoulder pain and function. Level of Evidence: 1b.