cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early experience using salvage radiotherapy for relapsed/refractory non‐Hodgkin lymphomas after CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy

Radiotherapy is potentially an important salvage strategy post-chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy (CART), but limited data exist. We reviewed 14 patients treated with salvage radiation post-CART progression (SRT). Most received SRT for first post-CART relapse (71%) to sites previously PET-avid pre-CART (79%). Median overall survival (OS) post-SRT was 10 months. Post-SRT, six localized relapses achieved 100% response (3 = complete, 3 = partial), with improved freedom from subsequent relapse (P = 0·001) and OS (P = 0·004) compared to advanced stage relapses. Three were bridged to allogeneic transplantation; at analysis, all were alive/NED. SRT has diverse utility and can integrate with novel agents or transplantation to attempt durable remissions.
Reliability of Miniature Concrete Prism Test in Assessing Alkali-Silica Reactivity of Moderately Reactive Aggregates:

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is one of the most significant durability issues in concrete structures. Although there are a number of standardized test procedures to evaluate the aggregate reactivit...
Direct numerical simulations of turbulent flows using high-order asynchrony-tolerant schemes: Accuracy and performance

Abstract Direct numerical simulations (DNS) are an indispensable tool for understanding the fundamental physics of turbulent flows. Because of their steep increase in computational cost with Reynolds number ( R λ ), well-resolved DNS are realizable only on massively parallel supercomputers, even at moderate R λ . However, at extreme scales, the communications and synchronizations between processing elements (PEs) involved in current approaches become exceedingly expensive and are expected to be a major bottleneck to scalability. In order to overcome this challenge, we developed algorithms using the so-called Asynchrony-Tolerant (AT) schemes that relax communication and synchronization constraints at a mathematical level, to perform DNS of decaying and solenoidally forced compressible turbulence. Asynchrony is introduced using two approaches, one that avoids synchronizations and the other that avoids communications. These result in periodic and random delays, respectively, at PE boundaries. We show that both asynchronous algorithms accurately resolve the large-scale and small-scale motions of turbulence, including instantaneous and intermittent fields. We also show that in asynchronous simulations the communication time is a relatively smaller fraction of the total computation time, especially at large processor count, compared to standard synchronous simulations. As a consequence, we observe improved parallel scalability up to 262144 processors for both asynchronous algorithms.
Malpractice Litigation in Iatrogenic Ureteral Injury: a Legal Database Review

Objective To examine the factors associated with iatrogenic ureteral injury litigation and outcomes. Methods The Westlaw legal database was queried for all iatrogenic ureteral injury cases. Variables extracted included available clinical factors, method of settlement, and litigation outcomes. Linear regression analysis was conducted to examine factors associated with award amount. Results A total of 522 cases from 1961 to 2019 were included in the study. The most common specialty named was gynecology (353/512, 68.9%), followed by urology (89/512, 17.4%). The most common claim was intraoperative negligence (474/522 cases, 90.8%). Fifty two cases were settled or arbitrated and 470 went to trial. Settlement or arbitration was more likely in cases involving institution-only defendant (15.4% vs 7.3%, P Conclusion The majority of ureteral injury litigation ruled in favor of the defendant. However, when awarded, the amount was substantial and correlated with drainage duration, delayed repair, claim of inadequate workup, and failure to supervise trainee. These findings highlight factors perceived to be associated with significant distress and reflect trends in medicolegal decision-making.
Efficient, continuous N-Boc deprotection of amines using solid acid catalysts

N-Boc deprotection (deBoc) is a common reaction in pharmaceutical research and development, as well as pharma manufacturing. Use of a catalyst lowers the required reaction temperature, and heterogeneous catalysts allow the reaction to be conducted in a continuous flow reactor with a low-boiling solvent, facilitating product separation and enhancing efficiency and productivity relative to a batch process. In this study, we explore the use of simple solid Bronsted acid catalysts to achieve continuous N-Boc deprotection of amines, without additional workup steps. Using THF as the solvent, H-BEA zeolite affords high yields of a variety of aromatic and aliphatic amines, often in residence times of less than a minute at 140 °C. The same catalyst/solvent combination is ineffective in batch conditions, due to the much lower temperature of refluxing THF. Boc-protected p-chloroaniline was deprotected with a throughput of 18 mmol p-chloroaniline per h per gcat, sustained over 9 h. The active sites of the zeolite do not appear to be directly associated with the Al framework substitution in the micropores, since partially ion-exchanged Na/H-BEA shows activity similar to H-BEA. The strong Bronsted acid sites (framework [Si(OH)Al]), are likely poisoned by the amine product. Moderate Bronsted acid sites associated with silanol defects near Al on or near the external surface (and not susceptible to Na+-exchange) are presumably the active sites, since they are not poisoned even by more basic aliphatic amines.
Estimating Experimental Dispersion Curves from Steady-State Frequency Response Measurements

Dispersion curves characterize the frequency dependence of the phase and the group velocities of propagating elastic waves. Many analytical and numerical techniques produce dispersion curves from physics-based models. However, it is often challenging to accurately model engineering structures with intricate geometric features and inhomogeneous material properties. For such cases, this paper proposes a novel method to estimate group velocities from experimental data-driven models. Experimental frequency response functions (FRFs) are used to develop data-driven models, {which are then used to estimate dispersion curves}. The advantages of this approach over other traditionally used transient techniques stem from the need to conduct only steady-state experiments. In comparison, transient experiments often need a higher-sampling rate for wave-propagation applications and are more susceptible to noise. The vector-fitting (VF) algorithm is adopted to develop data-driven models from experimental in-plane and out-of-plane FRFs of a one-dimensional structure. The quality of the corresponding data-driven estimates is evaluated using an analytical Timoshenko beam as a baseline. The data-driven model (using the out-of-plane FRFs) estimates the anti-symmetric ($A_0$) group velocity with a maximum error of $4\%$ over a 40~kHz frequency band. In contrast, group velocities estimated from transient experiments resulted in a maximum error of $6\%$ over the same frequency band.
Role of chain length and electrolyte on the micellization of anionic fluorinated surfactants in water

Abstract The micellization of ionic surfactants in aqueous media reflects a balance between the hydrophobic attraction of surfactant tails and the electrostatic repulsion of surfactant headgroups. We investigate here the effect on surfactant micellization of the hydrophobic chain length and electrolyte composition, by focusing on the fluorinated surfactants sodium perfluorohexanoate (NaPFHx) and sodium perfluorooctanoate (NaPFO) in aqueous solution without/with NaCl, and analyzing experimental data from surface tension, pyrene fluorescence, small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and viscosity techniques. The CMC of NaPFHx in water was 200 mM, much higher than that of NaPFO, 30 mM, due to the additional two -CF2- groups of the latter. Upon addition of 0.25 M NaCl to the aqueous solution, the CMC of NaPFHx and NaPFO decreased by about 50% and 80%, respectively. The NaPFHx and NaPFO micelles are both ellipsoid in shape. NaPFHx forms smaller micelles compared to NaPFO: the association number for NaPFHx in D2O was 15 compared to 25 for NaPFO. Upon NaCl addition, the micelle shape became more elongated. This is the first report on the NaPFHx micelle structure. The information presented here supports the re-formulation and replacement of long-chain fluorinated surfactants with relatively safer long-chain surfactants.
Pocket Guide to Interpersonal Neurobiology: An Integrative Handbook of the Mind

Many fields have explored the nature of mental life from psychology to psychiatry, literature to linguistics. Yet no common "framework" where each of these important perspectives can be honored and integrated with one another has been created in which a person seeking their collective wisdom can find answers to some basic questions, such as, What is the purpose of life? Why are we here? How do we know things, how are we conscious of ourselves? What is the mind? What makes a mind healthy or unwell? And, perhaps most importantly: What is the connection among the mind, the brain, and our relationships with one another? Our mental lives are profoundly relational. The interactions we have with one another shape our mental world. Yet as any neuroscientist will tell you, the mind is shaped by the firing patterns in the brain. And so how can we reconcile this tension-that the mind is both embodied and relational? Interpersonal Neurobiology is a way of thinking across this apparent conceptual divide. This Pocket Guide to Interpersonal Neurobiology is designed to aid in your personal and professional application of the interpersonal neurobiology approach to developing a healthy mind, an integrated brain, and empathic relationships. It is also designed to assist you in seeing the intricate foundations of interpersonal neurobiology as you read other books in the Norton Series on Interpersonal Neurobiology. Praise for Daniel J. Siegel's books: "Siegel is a must-read author for anyone interested in the science of the mind." -Daniel Goleman, author of Social Intelligence: The New Science of Human Relationships "[S]tands out for its skillful weaving together of the interpersonal, the inner world, the latest science, and practical applications." -Jack Kornfield, PhD, founding teacher of the Insight Meditation Society and Spirit Rock Center, and author of A Path With Heart "Siegel has both a meticulous understanding of the roles of different parts of the brain and an intimate relationship with mindfulness . . . [A]n exciting glimpse of an uncharted territory of neuroscience." -Scientific American Mind "Dr. Daniel Siegel is one of the most thoughtful, eloquent, scientifically solid and reputable exponents of mind/body/brain integration in the world today." -Jon Kabat-Zinn, PhD, author of Wherever You Go, There You Are, Full Catastrophe Living, and Coming to Our Senses
Product Adoption and Profitability in an Industry with Malicious Market Players

The development of the World Wide Web has created opportunities for malicious agents to attack information assets on an unprecedented scale. Harmful applications such as viruses and spyware can cause significant financial loss as well as other negative consequences. Software products with larger installed bases, and therefore more potential computers to attack, present more appealing targets for malicious agents. More appealing targets attract more attacks, and this increased vulnerability creates a negative externality for users of the product. This negative externality, and its impact on market share and profits, is the focus of this paper. We model a competitive environment in which software products are not only differentiated horizontally and vertically, but are also subject to a negative network effect driven by the presence of malicious market players. We find that the threat to consumers of malicious attacks can create perverse incentives for software firms, and can actually result in a preference on the part of these firms for malicious activity, as it enables increased profits. We also describe situations in which malicious activity allows a firm with an inferior product, which would otherwise not be a viable competitor, to operate profitably.
Dynamic properties of shear thickening colloidal suspensions

The transient shear rheology (i.e., frequency and strain dependence) is compared to the steady rheology for a model colloidal dispersion through the shear thickening transition. Reversible shear thickening is observed and the transition stress compares well to theoretical predictions. Steady and transient shear thickening are observed to occur at the same value of the average stress. The critical strain for shear thickening is found to depend inversely on the frequency at fixed applied stress for low frequencies (high strains), but is limited to an apparent minimum critical strain at higher frequencies. This minimum critical strain is shown to be an artifact of slip. Lissajous plots illustrate the transition in material properties through the shear thickening transition, and the energy dissipated by a shear thickening suspension is analyzed as a function of strain amplitude.
Tryptophan Scanning Reveals Dense Packing of Connexin Transmembrane Domains in Gap Junction Channels Composed of Connexin32.

Abstract Tryptophan was substituted for residues in all four transmembrane domains of connexin32. Function was assayed using dual cell two-electrode voltage clamp after expression in Xenopus oocytes. Tryptophan substitution was poorly tolerated in all domains, with the greatest impact in TM1 and TM4. For instance, in TM1, 15 substitutions were made, six abolished coupling and five others significantly reduced function. Only TM2 and TM3 included a distinct helical face that lacked sensitivity to tryptophan substitution. Results were visualized on a comparative model of Cx32 hemichannel. In this model, a region midway through the membrane appears highly sensitive to tryptophan substitution and includes residues Arg-32, Ile-33, Met-34, and Val-35. In the modeled channel, pore-facing regions of TM1 and TM2 were highly sensitive to tryptophan substitution, whereas the lipid-facing regions of TM3 and TM4 were variably tolerant. Residues facing a putative intracellular water pocket (the IC pocket) were also highly sensitive to tryptophan substitution. Although future studies will be required to separate trafficking-defective mutants from those that alter channel function, a subset of interactions important for voltage gating was identified. Interactions important for voltage gating occurred mainly in the mid-region of the channel and focused on TM1. To determine whether results could be extrapolated to other connexins, TM1 of Cx43 was scanned revealing similar but not identical sensitivity to TM1 of Cx32.
Look before you leap: avoiding marketing problems through producer/user collaboration

The databases and indexes created and maintained by producers and publishers make the job of every reference librarian easier. It is a privilege for us to be able to share our concerns, as well as those of our colleagues, about new products being developed on CD-ROM and other new media. While we benefit greatly from these products, we feel that information publishers do not always get sufficient input from the users. Additional input often could make products much more user-friendly and thus more marketable. Librarians can let producers know what is important to' users out in the market, and producers can let librarians know what is important to them in developing, creating, and marketing the product.
Piecewise network awareness service for wireless/mobile pervasive computing

This paper presents a piecewise framework for network awareness service (NAS) for wireless/mobile pervasive computing. We investigate how piecewise consideration of wired and wireless elements of the framework architecture benefits service advertisement and discovery and network-awareness techniques. We also discuss scalability of the NAS framework with respect to platform computing capabilities. The framework is suitable for a wide range of computing devices, from powerful ones with multi-tasking operating systems (OS) to small ones with lightweight OS. Case studies applying the NAS framework to sensor monitoring in home networks and data streaming in pervasive multimedia computing are presented. The analytical results on the performance of the NAS framework in these case studies show that it has significant advantages over traditional network-awareness frameworks in terms of reducing wireless bandwidth consumption and saving battery energy of mobile devices.
MYOSIN I FROM MAMMALIAN SMOOTH MUSCLE IS REGULATED BY CALDESMON-CALMODULIN

A single-headed monomeric myosin (myosin I) was isolated from pig urinary bladder smooth muscles and purified to homogeneity. Myosin I from smooth muscle is composed of a 110-kDa heavy chain and three 17-kDa light chains. The heavy chain from smooth muscle myosin I does not cross-react with the antibody against conventional myosin (myosin II) from smooth muscle, but it does show antigenic similarity to adrenal medulla myosin I heavy chain. The light chain from smooth muscle myosin I is similar to calmodulin in molecular weight, amino acid composition, and migration on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of Ca2+. The high salt ATPase activity of myosin I in the presence of CaCl2 is higher than that in K(+)-EDTA. Smooth muscle actin causes a 5-10-fold activation of the Mg-ATPase activity of myosin I. In the presence of Ca2+, exogenous calmodulin enhances the actin-activated ATPase activity of myosin I, and the increased activity is associated with the binding of exogenous calmodulin to myosin I heavy chain. A maximum of 4 mol of light chains/mol of myosin I heavy chain is observed in the presence of exogenous calmodulin. Caldesmon, a calmodulin/actin-binding protein, inhibits the actin-activated ATPase activity of myosin I. This inhibition is reversed by exogenous calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+. The actin activation of myosin I ATPase exhibits around 50% Ca2+ sensitivity in the presence of exogenous calmodulin. When caldesmon is bound to actin, Ca2+ sensitivity is increased to 80% in the presence of calmodulin. Therefore, smooth muscle caldesmon, which is thought to play a role in the regulation of actin activation of myosin II, also regulates the actin activation of myosin I ATPase in smooth muscle.
Adenosine Aminohydrolase BINDING AND HYDROLYSIS OF 2- AND 6-SUBSTITUTED PURINE RIBONUCLEOSIDES AND 9-SUBSTITUTED ADENINE NUCLEOSIDES

Abstract Adenosine aminohydrolase from calf intestinal mucosa was found capable of hydrolyzing several chemically unrelated substituents on position 6 of purine ribonucleoside. Km values increased in the following order: methylamino, hydroxylamino, amino, bromo, ethylamino, iodo, and chloro. The order of the rate of hydrolysis was amino, hydroxylamino, chloro, bromo, iodo, methylamino, and ethylamino. An amino group on position 2 of 6-halogenated purine ribonucleosides activated hydrolysis of the halide on position 6. Other position 6 substitutions gave rise to competitive inhibitors or inert nucleosides. Adenine nucleosides substituted on position 9 were either substrates or completely inert. The enzyme does not appear to have specific requirements for the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl groups of adenosine but exhibits a marked requirement for the 5'-hydroxyl group. Apparently, the requirements for enzymatic binding of nucleosides are different from the requirements for the catalytic reaction. A comparison of kinetic parameters for adenosine aminohydrolase from calf intestinal mucosa and Aspergillus oryzae points to a fundamental difference between the two enzymes.
The Basics of Texas Intestate Succession Law

The ability to specify the new owners of property upon death is an important and powerful privilege that each state grants to its citizens. The odds are, however, that you have not executed a will and if so, you would be in good company. Many famous and wealthy people have died intestate including President Abraham Lincoln and Texas billionaire Howard Hughes. Surveys reveal that between 60-75% of Americans die intestate. Intestacy causes the decedent’s property to pass to those individuals whom the state government believes the decedent would have wanted to receive the decedent’s probate estate upon death. None of the decedent’s family members or friends are allowed to present evidence to show that the decedent actually wanted his or her property to pass to them or to a charity.After a brief historical background, this article focuses on the intestate distribution scheme applicable to the personal property of a Texas domiciliary and the Texas real property of any intestate. The article explains the different schemes for an unmarried intestate (individual property) as well as for a married intestate (community property and separate property). Examples are also provided so readers can practice their ability to determine the correct heirs and the amount they inherit.The article also looks at how a wide variety of individuals fit, or do not fit, into the intestacy scheme such as posthumous heirs, adopted children, half-blooded collateral heirs, and unworthy heirs. The article concludes by examining a variety of other issues which may impact intestate distribution such as survival, disclaimer, advancements, and equitable conversion.
SELECTIVITY IN NEUROTROPHIN SIGNALING: Theme and Variations

Neurotrophins are a family of growth factors critical for the development and functioning of the nervous system. Although originally identified as neuronal survival factors, neurotrophins elicit many biological effects, ranging from proliferation to synaptic modulation to axonal pathfinding. Recent data indicate that the nature of the signaling cascades activated by neurotrophins, and the biological responses that ensue, are specified not only by the ligand itself but also by the temporal pattern and spatial location of stimulation. Studies on neurotrophin signaling have revealed variations in the Ras/MAP kinase, PI3 kinase, and phospholipase C pathways, which transmit spatial and temporal information. The anatomy of neurons makes them particularly appropriate for studying how the location and tempo of stimulation determine the signal cascades that are activated by receptor tyrosine kinases such as the Trk receptors. These signaling variations may represent a general mechanism eliciting specificity in growth factor responses.
Plasma start-up modelling for Alcator C-MOD

The start-up phase of Alcator C-MOD has been modeled using an eigenexpansion technique that takes into account the eddy currents induced in conducting structures. The poloidal field (PF) coil voltages that are necessary to meet the field and (open) loop voltage requirements for breaking down and initiating a plasma current are determined. The initial charge of the PF coil, the voltage blip, and the initial few milliseconds of the plasma current rise are modeled. The technique used is briefly described. The specific requirements of start-up for Alcator C-MOD are described, and an example is given. >
Factors influencing linkage isomer preference in palladium(II)-chlorinilate complexes

Abstract The factors influencing linkage isomer preference in the bonding between palladium(II) and the chloranilate dianion (CA 2− ) are addressed through the synthesis and spectroscopic characterization of 16 [Pd(CA)L 2 ] compounds, where L 2 = 2Cl − , 2CH 3 CN, 2H 2 O, ox 2− , acac − , 2dmso, 2SCN − , 2F − , 2Br − , bpy, tcnq, 2CN − , CA 2− and cod. The (CCA) linkage isomer containing chloranilate ligated as dicarbanion through CCl carbon atoms is favored in the presence of weak σ-donor ligands towards the soft Pd II center (all L 2 groups except dmso, bpy and CN − ), while strong σ-donor invariably give (π-CA) products in which the conventional p -quinonoid form of CA 2− is present. [Pd&(CCA)L 2 ] compounds are characterized by three infrared characteristics: (1) several strong CO vibrations in the 1620–1720 cm −1 interval but no 1500–1550 cm −1 CO mode; (2) 1–4 medium-intensity CC stretching bands between 1150 and 1220 but no CC feature near 1350 cm −1 ; and (3) a relatively high-energy CCl vibration, i.e. > 855 cm −1 . Distinct C-to_Pd II LMCT transitions in the vicinity of 310 and 230–260 nm indicate that the non-equivalence of PdC bonds first demonstrated by the X-ray crystal structure of K 2 [Pd(CCA)Cl 2 ]·4H 2 O is a general feature of the (CCA) series. [Pd(CCA)L 2 ] complexes are surprisingly susceptible to hydrolysis, affording [Pd(CCA)(H 2 O) 2 ] within several minutes in weakly acidic solution (pH 3.7). A kinetic trans effect linked to the strenghtening of Pd-chloranilate C bonds by the departure of competing σ donor ligands is suggested.
Construction of Fuzzy Membership Functions Using Interactive Self-Organizing Maps

This paper presents a Kohonen-like mapping that eliminates or reduces four limitations of the Kohonen maps. The described network is invariant to scale, very resistant to 'automatic selection of feature dimensions,' results in strictly ordered clusters of ascending/descending magnitude, and may allow a greater amount of information to be gleaned from high dimensional data sets. The network treats each input component separately but each map is influenced via inter-map connections. Unfortunately, processing time increases combinatorially as the number of input components and number of neurons per component increases. As a demonstration, membership functions are constructed for a four variable data set with minimal parameter setting, the most crucial being the number of classes per input component.
Using high-efficiency mouse germline mutagenesis to investigate complex biological phenomena: genetic diseases, behavior, and development.

A valuable approach to investigating a biological process is to study the effect of mutations in the involved genes. By studying a diverse set of such mutations, one can gain important insights into the roles that the given gene product plays in the biological process. Although this approach has long been recognized, the scarcity of mammalian mutations has largely limited such investigations to simple organisms. It has recently been shown that highly efficient mutagenesis of the mouse germline with a random point mutagen can produce mutations that are valuable in several important ways. First, it can produce numerous different types of mutations. Second, it can be used to mutate genes that have yet to be cloned or characterized. Genes that have been marked by mutation can ultimately yield molecular access after mapping to high resolution and cloning from map position. Such new investigative capabilities will ultimately allow one to gain intimate knowledge of the molecular basis of complex biological processes like behavior and development. Third, mutations can be induced that yield animal models of human heritable diseases. Such disease models allow for intensive research into the etiology of the given disease and also permit the facile evaluation of new therapeuticmore » regimens. 46 refs., 2 tabs., 1 fig.« less
Free Standing Single Crystal LiNbO 3 Micro-wires Fabricated by Ion Slicing, Transferred and Bonded to SiO 2 /Si

Free standing mm long, 1 micron crystalline LiNbO3 micro-wires have been obtained by ion-slicing. They can be lifted, positioned, and bonded onto SiO2/Si. This is a promising approach for bringing LiNbO3into the SOI technology.
PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION IN AUSTRALASIA: A DEFINITION AND A HISTORY

(1988). Philosophy of education in Australasia: A definition and a history. Educational Philosophy and Theory: Vol. 20, No. 1, pp. 12-26.
Identification of PR8 M1 protein in influenza virus high-yield reassortants by M1-specific monoclonal antibodies.

Abstract A panel of monoclonal antibodies to the M1 protein of A/PR8/34 (H1N1)(PR8) influenza A virus was found to distinguish in ELISA high-yielding reassortant viruses derived from reassortment of PR8 and X-31 (H3N2) viruses with recently prevalent field strains of H1N1 or H3N2 subtype. These findings are concordant with results of genotyping that demonstrated the presence of PR8 RNA 7 or M1 protein in high-yield reassortants by RNA or protein PAGE. All high-yield reassortants reacted in ELISA like PR8, indicating in a simple serologic test the derivation of their M1 protein. Application of the M1 monoclonal antibody panel facilities the isolation of high-yield vaccine candidate reassortants bearing the PR8 M1 gene, and should aid in epidemiologic strain tracking as well.
Evaluating the impact of third-party price reporting and other drivers on residential photovoltaic price estimates

Abstract Aim Policy-makers typically track the rapidly evolving U.S. residential photovoltaic (PV) market by relying on price data reported by PV installers/integrators to incentive programs. Recent years have witnessed a shift toward third-party-owned (TPO) business models, in which the absence of a cash purchase price obscures data interpretation. Appraisals—often based on estimates of the average fair market value across a diverse fleet of systems—are one way TPO prices are reported. Scope This study investigates residential PV system price drivers to improve the accuracy, consistency, and relevance of PV price-tracking efforts. Our econometric approach evaluates system price drivers using California Solar Initiative data, controlling for system, installer, and geographic variables. Conclusions We find that reported prices for confirmed appraised systems are $1.13/W higher than non-appraised systems and do not respond to hypothesized price drivers. For non-appraised systems, we find preliminary evidence of market distortions based on the impact of the incentive level, module cost and household income on reported price. Further, unspecified installer heterogeneity—possibly due to differences in products, cost structure or reporting practices—is a substantial price driver. Using estimates, we develop a price model to approximate non-appraised system prices.
Chromosome organization and dynamics during interphase, mitosis, and meiosis in plants.

Chromosomes are key building blocks of eukaryotic genomes. Studies on chromosome organization and dynamics not only address questions of how chromosomes behave and what mechanisms control this behavior but also examine how chromosome organization and dynamics affect gene expression and genome
Hepatitis C Virus and Liver Transplantation

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains the most common cause of hepatic failure requiring orthotopic liver transplantation, and the disparity between the number of patients in need of liver replacement and the number of organs available continues to grow. Unfortunately, without viral eradication before transplantation, HCV recurrence is universal and is associated with poor graft and patient survival. Despite expansion of the donor pool and attempts to suppress HCV activity with various pretransplant and posttransplant antiviral therapies, many questions remain. This article reviews the literature regarding the evaluation of patients for transplantation, the antiviral therapies available in the peritransplant period, the immunosuppressive regimens, used, and the approach to patients with recurrent HCV infection.
Experience and expression: Wittgenstein's philosophy of psychology

(1995). Experience and expression: Wittgenstein's philosophy of psychology. History of European Ideas: Vol. 21, No. 6, pp. 785-785.
3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine-resistant Mutants of DNA Polymerase β Identified by in Vivo Selection

Abstract We developed an in vivo selection to identify 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistant mutants of rat DNA polymerase β (pol β). The selection utilizes pol β’s ability to substitute for Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I (pol I) in the SC18-12 strain, which lacks active pol I. pol β allows SC18-12 cells to grow, but they depend on pol β activity, so inhibition of pol β by AZT kills them. We screened a library of randomly mutated pol β cDNA for complementation of the pol I defect in the presence of AZT, and identified AZT-resistant mutants. We purified two enzymes with nonconservative mutations in the palm domain of the polymerase. The substitutions D246V and R253M result in reductions in the steady-state catalytic efficiency (K cat/K m) of AZT-TP incorporation. The efficiency of dTTP incorporation was unchanged for the D246V enzyme, indicating that the substantial decrease in AZT-TP incorporation is responsible for its drug resistance. The R253M enzyme exhibits significantly higher K m(dTTP) andK cat(dTTP) values, implying that the incorporation reaction is altered. These are the first pol β mutants demonstrated to exhibit AZT resistance in vitro. The locations of the Asp-246 and Arg-253 side chains indicate that substrate specificity is influenced by residues distant from the nucleotide-binding pocket.
Anti-Inflammatory Pharmacotherapy with Ketoprofen Ameliorates Experimental Lymphatic Vascular Insufficiency in Mice

Background Disruption of the lymphatic vasculature causes edema, inflammation, and end-tissue destruction. To assess the therapeutic efficacy of systemic anti-inflammatory therapy in this disease, we examined the impact of a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), ketoprofen, and of a soluble TNF-alpha receptor (sTNF-R1) upon tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha activity in a mouse model of acquired lymphedema. Methods and findings Lymphedema was induced by microsurgical ablation of major lymphatic conduits in the murine tail. Untreated control mice with lymphedema developed significant edema and extensive histopathological inflammation compared to sham surgical controls. Short-term ketoprofen treatment reduced tail edema and normalized the histopathology while paradoxically increasing TNF-alpha gene expression and cytokine levels. Conversely, sTNF-R1 treatment increased tail volume, exacerbated the histopathology, and decreased TNF-alpha gene expression. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C), which stimulates lymphangiogenesis, closely correlated with TNF-alpha expression. Conclusions Ketoprofen therapy reduces experimental post-surgical lymphedema, yet direct TNF-alpha inhibition does not. Reducing inflammation while preserving TNF-alpha activity appears to optimize the repair response. It is possible that the observed favorable responses, at least in part, are mediated through enhanced VEGF-C signaling.
The Optimization of Discourse Anaphora

In this paper the Centering model of anaphoraresolution and discourse coherence(Grosz et al. 1983, 1995)is reformulated in terms of Optimality Theory (OT)(Prince and Smolensky 1993). One version of the reformulated modelis proven to be descriptively equivalent to an earlier algorithmicstatement of Centering due to Brennan, Friedman and Pollard(1987). However, the new model is stated declaratively, and makesclearer the status of the various constraints used in the theory. Inthe second part of the paper, the model is extended, demonstratingthe advantages of the OT reformulation, and capturing formallyideas originally described by Grosz, Joshi and Weinstein. Three newapplications of the extended OT Centering model are described:generation of linguistic forms from meanings, the evaluation andoptimization of extended texts, and the interpretation of accentedpronouns.
Main-Stem Node Removal Effect on Soybean Seed Yield and Composition

Hail injury to soybean [Glycine max L. (Merr.)] is common across the United States. Currently, U.S. hail adjusters use procedures that assume that yield reductions caused by stem cutoff and defoliation or defoliation without stem loss is similar during the vegetative development period. Our hypothesis was that seed yield will be affected by timing of node removal in vegetative soybean and that main-stem node removal will influence seed composition. Research was conducted in Indiana and Iowa from 2003 to 2005 to test if removing 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, or 100% of nodes at V2, V6, or R3 development stages affects seed yield and grain composition. In Indiana, imposing node removal at the V2 stage resulted in 15.9% greater yield than imposing at the V6 stage. In Iowa, imposing node removal at the V2 stage on the average resulted in 24.9 and 46.1% greater seed yield than imposing node removal at the V6 or R3 stages, respectfully. Seed mass was 7.7% greater when comparing the V2 to the V6 node removal timing in Indiana. In Iowa, seed mass decreased 7.0% when 60% of the nodes were removed at V6 and 5.6% when 20% of the nodes were removed at R3. Soybean oil content was only affected by extreme node removal treatments while protein content was unaffected. Our results indicate that the soybean development stage that node removal occurs must be considered when estimating soybean seed yield loss and that an oil content adjustment is not needed to properly compensate growers for economic losses caused by node removal.
Optimal partially balanced nested row-column designs

Abstract A partially balanced nested row-column design, referred to as PBNRC, is defined as an arrangement of v treatments in b p × q blocks for which, with the convention that p ⩽ q, the information matrix for the estimation of treatment parameters is equal to that of the column component design which is itself a partially balanced incomplete block design. In this paper, previously known optimal incomplete block designs, and row-column and nested row-column designs are utilized to develop some methods of constructing optimal PBNRC designs. In particular, it is shown that an optimal group divisible PBNRC design for v = mn ⩾ kn treatments in p × q blocks can be constructed whenever a balanced incomplete block design for m treatments in blocks of size k each and a group divisible PBNRC design for kn treatments in p × q blocks exist. A simple sufficient condition is given under which a group divisible PBNRC is Ψf-better for all f > 0 than the corresponding balanced nested row-column designs having binary blocks. It is also shown that the construction techniques developed particularly for group divisible designs can be generalized to obtain PBNRC designs based on rectangular association schemes.
Dietary Supplements Reduce the Cataractogenic Potential of Proton and HZE-Particle Radiation in Mice

Abstract The present study was undertaken to investigate the ability of dietary supplements to reduce the formation and severity of cataracts in mice irradiated with high-energy protons or iron ions, which are important components of the radiation encountered by astronauts during space travel. The mice were exposed to proton or iron-ion radiation and fed with a control diet or diets supplemented with the soybean-derived protease inhibitor, Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI), in the form of BBI Concentrate (BBIC) or an antioxidant formulation [containing l-selenomethionine (SeM), N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), ascorbic acid, co-enzyme Q10, α-lipoic acid and vitamin E succinate] both before and after the radiation exposure. At approximately 2 years after the radiation exposure, the animals were killed humanely and lenses were harvested and characterized using an established classification system that assigns discrete scores based on the severity of the lens opacifications. The results showed that exposure to 1 GeV/nucle...
Peak Shift Phenomenon: A Teaching Activity for Basic Learning Theory

Stimulus discrimination is a standard subject in undergraduate courses presenting basic principles of learning, and a particularly interesting aspect of discrimination is the peak shift phenomenon....
The Extended Amygdala: Are the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala and the Bed Nucleus of the Stria Terminalis Differentially Involved in Fear versus Anxiety?

: Although there is a close correspondence between fear and anxiety, and the study of fear in animals has been extremely valuable for under-standing the neural basis of anxiety, it is also clear that a richer animal model of human anxiety disorders would include measures of both stimulus-specific fear and something less stimulus specific, more akin to anxiety. Patients with posttraumatic stress syndrome seem to show normal fear reactions but abnormal anxiety measured with the acoustic startle reflex. Studies in rats, also using the startle reflex, indicate that highly processed explicit cue information (lights, tones) activates the central nucleus of the amygdala, which projects to and modulates the acoustic startle pathway in the brain stem. Less explicit information, such as that produced by exposure to a threating environment or by intraventricular administration of corticotropin-releasing hormone, may activate another part of the extended amygdala, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, which also projects to the startle pathway. Because this information may be less specific and of long duration, activation of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis may mediate anxiety, whereas activation of the central nucleus of the amygdala may mediate stimulus-specific fear.
Bringing Market Medicine to Professional Account

Professions and trades have always differed in the social goods and goals they pursue, and for this reason medicine and business are sometimes said to be incompatible. Indeed, the potential for monetary motives to undermine medical care is so old that the earliest articulations of medical values included injunctions to care for the poor and wealthy alike and to avoid the influence of monetary gain over professional action.1,2Nonetheless, mutually dependent, medicine and business have coexisted through the ages in necessary tension. Business needs medicine in order to provide for the health care of workers and also to capitalize on the management or investment opportunities that medical activities generate. Medicine, in turn, needs at least enough business acumen to ensure a viable delivery system and to make money for the purposes of, say, education, research, or expanding its patient population. See also p 985. The dynamic between medicine and
Twenty-five years of control systems society activities

In this issue, the Control Systems Society marks its twenty-fifth anniversary. We are indeed pleased to include on this occasion the following message from our Society President, Dr. J.B. Cruz, Jr. After reading the President's message, the reader is invited to sample three additional special features of the issue: a historical glimpse of the Society evolution through past and present officers; a Society Organization Chart which, together with data published on our inside front and back covers, explains current Society operation; and a roster of Society members, by geographical location. These features may be found in the closing pages of the issue.
Modeling Lac du Bonnet granite using a discrete element model

Abstract A discrete element method code developed by the authors is used to model Lac du Bonnet granite in triaxial compression. The paper first presents the features of the model and the algorithms used to identify the micro deformability and strength parameters. With these identification algorithms, the model was calibrated to match experimental triaxial test data on Lac du Bonnet granite. With the calibrated model, investigation on failure evolution was then performed. The monitored evolution of the number and type of contact failures (micro cracks) reveals that at micro level tensile failures occur first, followed by mobilization of residual friction. Three distinct stages of stress–strain curve can be well identified by the accumulated number of contact failures and the mode of contact failures.
High-Temperature Superconducting Fiber

In this study, we demonstrated superconductivity in a fiber with an yttrium barium copper oxide core and fused silica cladding. The fibers were fabricated via a modified melt-draw technique and post-process annealing treatment in excess oxygen. The fibers maintained overall diameters ranging from 100–900 microns and core diameters of 50–700 microns. Superconductivity of this fiber design was validated via the traditional four-point probe test method in a bath of liquid nitrogen at temperatures on the order of 93 K. The high-temperature superconducting fiber provides a glimpse of its cross cutting potential in fields of electromagnetism, healthcare, optics, and energy and lends credence to the promise for superconductivity.
Augmenting psychoeducation with a mobile intervention for bipolar disorder: a randomized controlled trial.

Abstract Background Psychosocial interventions for bipolar disorder are frequently unavailable and resource intensive. Mobile technology may improve access to evidence-based interventions and may increase their efficacy. We evaluated the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of an augmentative mobile ecological momentary intervention targeting self-management of mood symptoms. Methods This was a randomized single-blind controlled trial with 82 consumers diagnosed with bipolar disorder who completed a four-session psychoeducational intervention and were assigned to 10 weeks of either: 1) mobile device delivered interactive intervention linking patient-reported mood states with personalized self-management strategies, or 2) paper-and-pencil mood monitoring. Participants were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks (mid-point), 12 weeks (post-treatment), and 24 weeks (follow up) with clinician-rated depression and mania scales and self-reported functioning. Results Retention at 12 weeks was 93% and both conditions were associated with high satisfaction. Compared to the paper-and-pencil condition, participants in the augmented mobile intervention condition showed significantly greater reductions in depressive symptoms at 6 and 12 weeks (Cohen׳s d for both were d =0.48). However, these effects were not maintained at 24-weeks follow up. Conditions did not differ significantly in the impact on manic symptoms or functional impairment. Limitations This was not a definitive trial and was not powered to detect moderators and mediators. Conclusions Automated mobile-phone intervention is feasible, acceptable, and may enhance the impact of brief psychoeducation on depressive symptoms in bipolar disorder. However, sustainment of gains from symptom self-management mobile interventions, once stopped, may be limited.
Magnetic susceptibility and electron spin resonance as probes of different magnetic species in MoS3

Abstract Magnetic susceptibility and electron spin resonance (ESR) measurements at 10 GHz are reported for amorphous MoS 3 between 5 K and 300 K. The densities of paramagnetic centers inferred from the two types of measurements differ by an order of magnitude (~1 and 0.1 mol%, respectively), demonstrating that the ESR measurements probe a subset of the magnetic species detected by the susceptibility measurements. The magnitudes of the susceptibility and ESR parameters place severe constraints on the possible origins of this phenomenon. These results are discussed in relation to previous work on similar materials, and the implications with regard to the detection and characterization of magnetic defects in other transition metal sulfides are pointed out.
A Comparison of Upper Arm and Forearm Tourniquet Tolerance

This study examined the use of upper arm and forearm tourniquets for hand surgery. 40 subjects (20 males, 20 females) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: left upper arm, left forearm, right upper arm and right forearm. Tourniquets were applied to these areas. Subjects were asked to rate their discomfort at 10-minute intervals and the total time of tourniquet tolerance was recorded. The results of a three-factor ANOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in either pain rating or tourniquet tolerance between any of the groups. In addition, forearm tourniquets were used in 18 clinical cases. None of the individuals with tourniquet times less than 30 minutes required any medication in order to tolerate this procedure. Of the 13 patients with tourniquet times greater than 30 minutes, ten required medication in order to tolerate the procedure. We conclude that patients tolerate upper arm and forearm tourniquets equally.