cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A new species of Ctenoglyphus (Acari: Glycyphagidae) from Meriones unguiculatus (Rodentia: Cricetidae), with notes on the subfamily Ctenoglyphinae

Ctenoglyphtts (C.) guppei , n. sp. is described from hypopi removed from the hair follicles of the Clawed Jird, Maiones unguiculatus . The systematics of the subfamily Ctenoglyphinae (GIycyphagidae) is reviewed, based upon recent studies of both hypopi and adults. The genus Rodentopus Fain is placed as a subgenus of Ctenoglyphus Berlese, and Rodentopus (Sciuropsis) Fain is placed in synonymy with Ctenoglyphus sensu stricto. A listing of all nominal species in the subfamily with their reported hosts is provided.
ANALYTICAL MODELING OF ESTUARINE CIRCULATION

A mathematical model is developed using analytical techniques to determine the longitudinal and vertical distributions of velocities and salinities, averaged over a tidal period, for mixed but partially stratified estuaries. The flow is assumed laterally homogeneous and the estuary width and depth are assumed to be functions of the longitudinal coordinate only. Required inputs to the model include the salt intrusion length, the ocean boundary salinity, the distribution of the ,depth-averaged salinity and the freshwater discharge. The governing equations included in the model are the vertical and longitudinal equations of motion, continuity, salt conservation and an equation of state. The key assumption is made that the longitudinal salinity gradient is independent of depth. This decouples these equations and thus permits an analytical solution to be found. Using data from laboratory flume tests and field surveys the model solutions are used to find correlations for the mean vertical transfer coefficients of mass and momentum with gross characteristics of the estuary. These correlations, plus the results from a one-dimensional numerical model, permit this analytical model to be used as a predictor of the velocity and salinity profiles in estuaries and to relate changes in freshwater discharge to possible changes in the location of shoaling zones.
Spontaneous idiopathic bilateral adrenal haemorrhage: a rare cause of abdominal pain

We describe a case of a 62-year-old woman with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease who presented to the emergency department with left lower quadrant abdominal pain, flank pain with nausea and no history of preceding trauma. The patient had finished a course of azithromycin and oral methylprednisolone 1 day prior to presentation. Abdominal and pelvic CT scan identified changes suggestive of bilateral adrenal haemorrhage. The patient did not show signs of acute adrenal insufficiency but was started on steroid replacement therapy because of concerns about possible disease progression. All recognised causes of adrenal haemorrhage were excluded suggesting this was a case of spontaneous idiopathic bilateral adrenal haemorrhage, a rarely reported phenomenon in the literature. The patient was discharged after clinical improvement following 6 days in hospital, taking oral steroid replacement.
Quality assurance for sperm concentration using latex beads

Objective To provide a simple, universally applicable method of quality assurance for sperm counting, thereby reducing intercounting chamber variation. Design By using a known concentration of latex beads, the sperm:bead ratio can be used to calculate the actual sperm count. Main Outcome Measures The mean sperm and bead counts were determined in both a Spotlite hemocytometer (Baxter Diagnostics, McGaw Park, IL) and a Makler chamber (Polymedco Inc., Yorktown, NY) from 21 different ejaculates mixed with a known concentration of beads. The hemocytometer chamber was used as the standard counting chamber because it consistently yielded a low variation in sperm count. The adjusted sperm concentration of the Makler chamber was calculated using the following formula [hemocytometer beads]/[Makler beads] × [Makler sperm]. Results Observed mean ± SD sperm counts were significantly different between the hemocytometer chamber (110.6 ± 66.2 × 10 6 /mL) and Makler chamber (173.3 ± 103.5 × 10 6 /mL). However, calculated Makler chamber sperm counts (118.1 ± 76.1 × 10 6 /mL) was not statistically different from observed hemocytometer sperm counts. Conclusion This novel approach to sperm counting using a known concentration of latex beads as a reference material can be used to reduce variation in sperm counting between observers, counting chambers, and possibly computerized sperm analyzers.
Incorporation of Macromolecules into α-Lactose Monohydrate Crystals

It had been discovered that crystals of α-lactose monohydrate can occlude and give kinetic stability to various proteins, an unexpected observation suggesting a process for storing protein vaccines and biopharmaceuticals at room temperature. The growth of α-lactose monohydrate with proteins is analyzed herein, emphasizing segregation coefficients, the relationships between protein incorporation and buffer composition, temperature, growth rate, and mass transport. Detailed examination of bovine serum albumin is supported by data for eight other proteins. A search for other crystals with lactose-like inclusivity of macromolecular guests is also reported.
Evaluation of a Short Term Education Program in Rural Southern Ethiopia

The aim of this study was to identify and rank factors affecting AIDS prevention using multiple attribute decision making (MADM) as well as group decision making. At first, factors affecting AIDS prevention were extracted from related literatures. Furthermore, 20 identified factors were submitted to 18 health experts and policy makers who compose a Delphi group in order to be classified and summarized. Finally, 12 factors were selected based on average and standard deviation in two rounds. Then, causal relations between the factors and their network structure were identified using DEMATEL. Finally, ANP was employed to determine the weight of factors and to rank them using Super Decisions. This paper ranked simultaneously the socio-cultural and hygienic factors of AIDS control for the first time. The interaction between a factor and other factors in the same group, or other groups, was also evaluated. Data analysis showed that in ANP-based AIDS prevention and control, educating and promotion of public awareness, notification, sexual health, identification of high risk individuals, family solidarity, mental health, STDs care, AIDS care and harm reduction activities are ranked higher, respectively. Also, experts emphasized socio-cultural factors more than health and harm reduction factors. However, the highest interactions were observed between sexual health, family solidarity and improvement of mental health. In conclusion, not only health factors should be seriously taken into account, but also socio-cultural factors need to be significantly considered in order to control AIDS. This study emphasized the necessity of educational and preventive measures for the whole community, not just patients and individuals with high-risk behaviors.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a constellation of upper extremity symptoms resulting from compression of the brachial plexus, subclavian artery, and subclavian vein as they pass between the clavicle and the first rib. The majority of patients are between 20 and 50 years of age and about 70% are females. There are three types of TOS: neurogenic, arterial, and venous. Despite the variability in presenting symptoms, the therapy is often decompression of the thoracic outlet. This is achieved with a first rib resection which can be performed through a supraclavicular, infraclavicular, or trans-axillary approach. A vascular intervention may also be required to treat symptomatology from chronic compression.
Parity-violating Møller scattering : MOLLER: an ultra-precise measurement of the weak mixing angle with a 11 GeV electron beam at Jefferson Laboratory ()

Measurements of electroweak observables at \(Q^2\ll M_Z^2\), if carried out with sufficient accuracy, complement potential discoveries at the Large Hadron Collider. Such measurements will be necessary in order to comprehensively search for new dynamics at the TeV scale. We discuss the new MOLLER project to make a precision measurement of parity-violation in Moller scattering using the upgraded 11 GeV beam at Jefferson Laboratory. This would allow a measurement of the weak mixing angle \(\sin^2\theta_W\) with comparable precision to the single best measurement at e + e − colliders, and accesses the contact interaction scale Λee∼25 TeV.
Spin transport in antiferromagnetic NiO and magnetoresistance in Y3Fe5O12/NiO/Pt structures

We have studied spin transport and magnetoresistance in yttrium iron garnet (YIG)/NiO/Pt trilayers with varied NiO thickness. To characterize the spin transport through NiO we excite ferromagnetic resonance in YIG with a microwave frequency magnetic field and detect the voltage associated with the inverse spin-Hall effect (ISHE) in the Pt layer. The ISHE signal is found to decay exponentially with the NiO thickness with a characteristic decay length of 3.9 nm. This is contrasted with the magnetoresistance in these same structures. The symmetry of the magnetoresistive response is consistent with spin-Hall magnetoresistance (SMR). However, in contrast to the ISHE response, as the NiO thickness increases the SMR signal goes towards zero abruptly at a NiO thickness of ≃ 4 nm, highlighting the different length scales associated with the spin-transport in NiO and SMR in such trilayers.
Learning From One's Mistakes: A Dual Role for the Rostromedial Tegmental Nucleus in the Encoding and Expression of Punished Reward Seeking

Abstract Background Psychiatric disorders such as addiction and mania are marked by persistent reward seeking despite highly negative or aversive outcomes, but the neural mechanisms underlying this aberrant decision making are unknown. The recently identified rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) encodes a wide variety of aversive stimuli and sends robust inhibitory projections to midbrain dopamine neurons, leading to the hypothesis that the RMTg provides a brake to reward signaling in response to aversive costs. Methods To test the role of the RMTg in punished reward seeking, adult male Sprague Dawley rats were tested in several cost-benefit decision tasks after excitotoxic lesions of the RMTg or temporally specific optogenetic inhibition of RMTg efferents in the ventral tegmental area. Results RMTg lesions drastically impaired the ability of foot shock to suppress operant responding for food. Optogenetic inhibition showed that this resistance to punishment was due in part to RMTg activity at the precise moment of shock delivery and was mediated by projections to the ventral tegmental area, which is consistent with an aversive “teaching signal” role for the RMTg during encoding of the aversive event. We observed a similar resistance to punishment when the RMTg was selectively inhibited immediately prior to the operant lever press, which is consistent with a second distinct role for the RMTg during action selection. These effects were not attributable to RMTg effects on learning rate, locomotion, shock sensitivity, or perseveration. Conclusions The RMTg has two strong and dissociable roles during both encoding and recall of aversive consequences of behavior.
Application of a Bayesian ordinal animal model for the estimation of breeding values for the resistance to Monilinia fruticola (G.Winter) Honey in progenies of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch].

Fruit brown rot caused by Monilinia spp. is the most important fungal disease of stone fruits worldwide. Several phenotyping protocols to accurately characterize and evaluate brown rot infection have been proposed; however, the outcomes from those studies have not led to consistent advances in resistance breeding programs. Breeding for disease resistance is one of the most challenging objectives for crop improvement because disease expression is tetrahedral: it is simultaneously influenced by agent, host, environment, and human management. The present study presents a strategy based on Bayesian inference to analyze a peach breeding progeny for resistance to brown rot, evaluated using a polytomous ordinal scale. A pedigree containing two sources of resistance, one from peach and the other from almond, several commercial cultivars, and two segregating populations were analyzed to estimate the narrow-sense heritability (h2 ) and breeding values (EBVs) for brown rot resistance in progenies. Results show promise for genetic improvement of disease resistance and other traits characterized by strong environmental interactions.
Kinship Networks and Migration: A Nineteenth-Century Swedish Example

Migration research has long recognized and effectively documented the significance of demographic and economic variables in affecting the propensity for individuals to migrate. The decision to move is often seen as a function of age, family status, length of residence, and economic circumstance. In addition, there is the assumption that relative location in kinship networks is significant in that the idea to migrate is implanted or resisted as a function of personal and associative links within the community. This latter process, however, is more difficult to document. As a consequence, most studies can only infer its operation and its relationship to other variables. A major problem in demonstrating the influence of kinship networks is that the pattern of associations between households in any sizable population is exceedingly difficult to unravel and define. This is especially true of historical studies. While detailed information frequently exists for some households in a given population, it rarely exists for all.
Template-switching during replication fork repair in bacteria

Replication forks frequently are challenged by lesions on the DNA template, replication-impeding DNA secondary structures, tightly bound proteins or nucleotide pool imbalance. Studies in bacteria have suggested that under these circumstances the fork may leave behind single-strand DNA gaps that are subsequently filled by homologous recombination, translesion DNA synthesis or template-switching repair synthesis. This review focuses on the template-switching pathways and how the mechanisms of these processes have been deduced from biochemical and genetic studies. I discuss how template-switching can contribute significantly to genetic instability, including mutational hotspots and frequent genetic rearrangements, and how template-switching may be elicited by replication fork damage.
Incidence, Risk Factors, and Impact of Clostridium difficile Colitis After Spine Surgery: An Analysis of a National Database.

Study Design.A retrospective study of prospectively collected data.Objective.The aim of this study was to utilize a large national database with post-hospitalization follow-up data [National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP)] to determine the incidence, risk factors, timing, and clinical
Graduate Training at the Interface of Computational and Experimental Biology: An Outcome Report from a Partnership of Volunteers between a University and a National Laboratory

Leading voices in the biological sciences have called for a transformation in graduate education leading to the PhD degree. One area commonly singled out for growth and innovation is cross-training in computational science. In 1998, the University of Tennessee (UT) founded an intercollegiate graduate program called the UT-ORNL Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology in partnership with the nearby Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Here, we report outcome data that attest to the program's effectiveness in graduating computationally enabled biologists for diverse careers. Among 77 PhD graduates since 2003, the majority came with traditional degrees in the biological sciences, yet two-thirds moved into computational or hybrid (computational-experimental) positions. We describe the curriculum of the program and how it has changed. We also summarize how the program seeks to establish cohesion between computational and experimental biologists. This type of program can respond flexibly and dynamically to unmet training needs. In conclusion, this study from a flagship, state-supported university may serve as a reference point for creating a stable, degree-granting, interdepartmental graduate program in computational biology and allied areas.
Attachment, Emotion Regulation Difficulties, and Disordered Eating Among College Women and Men ψ:

In this study, we examined a structural equation model in which attachment anxiety and avoidance were associated with binge eating and restricted eating behaviors through distinct emotion regulatio...
Media use and antimicrobial resistance misinformation and misuse: Survey evidence of information channels and fatalism in augmenting a global health threat

Recent research has identified that antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is giving rise to a global public health threat that involves all major microbial pathogens and antimicrobial drugs, and additiona...
Developing systems that promote veterans’ recovery from military sexual trauma: Recommendations from the Veterans Health Administration national program implementation

Veterans who experienced sexual assault or sexual harassment during military service (known as military sexual trauma [MST]) present with diverse health care needs and barriers to accessing service...
Data Structures for Spatial Grids

Spatial grids can be represented in a number of ways: as an array of numbers, a list of pixels, a level set, a topographic surface, a Markov chain, a matrix, a parametric approximation, a multiresolution pyramid, or as a multiscale tree. Each of these representations makes the grid amenable to specific types of processing. We illustrate the benefits of each of these representations on the problem of extracting the most populated cities in North America from a population density grid. Along the way, we explore Radial Basis Function, projection pursuit, and Gaussian Mixture Models.
Sleep disturbances in psoriasis

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis negatively impacts sleep, but the factors that cause this sleep disturbance are not well characterized. PURPOSE: To assess sleep quality in subjects with psoriasis. METHODS: 35 outpatients diagnosed with chronic plaque psoriasis affecting at least 10 percent BSA and 44 controls completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Patient Health Questionnaire, Itch Severity Scale, Insomnia Severity Index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale. For multiple testing, alpha was set at 0.008. RESULTS: Adjusting for age, BMI, and gender, patients with psoriasis had 4.3 times the odds to score in a higher insomnia category (OR 95% CI: 1.7, 11.2; p=0.01), a trend toward experiencing "poor sleep" (p=0.04), and no difference in odds to be "sleepy" (p=0.83). Patients with psoriasis had greater itch than those without psoriasis (mean ISS 8.5 vs. 2.0; p<0.0001). When adjusting for age, BMI, gender, and depression, those with psoriasis were not more likely to experience poor sleep quality (p=0.25), nor to score in a higher insomnia category (p=0.20) or be more "sleepy" (p=0.53). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with psoriasis suffer from sleep disturbances and pruritus more than those without psoriasis. Although sleep disturbances are more prevalent, this may be secondary to depression rather than related to a direct effect of psoriasis.
Alcohol and Breast Cancer: Reconciling Epidemiological and Molecular Data

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological studies have suggested a possible causative role of alcohol consumption as a risk factor for breast cancer. However, such conclusions should be interpreted with considerable caution for several reasons. While epidemiological studies can help identify the roots of health problems and disease incidence in a community, they are by necessity associative and cannot determine cause and effect relationships. In addition, all these studies rely on self-reporting to determine the amount and type of alcoholic beverage consumed, which introduces recall bias. This is documented in a recent study which stated that the apparent increased risk of cancer among light-moderate drinkers may be “substantially due to underreporting of intake.” Another meta-analysis about alcohol and breast cancer declared “the modest size of the association and variation in results across studies leave the causal role of alcohol in question.” Furthermore, breast cancer develops over decades; thus, correlations between alcohol consumption and breast cancer cannot be determined in epidemiological studies with windows of alcohol exposure that captures current or recent alcohol intake, after clinical diagnosis.
Virus-Induced Cell Fusion

Attention is focused in this review on viral proteins that are known to mediate or influence virus-induced cell fusion. Because these proteins also mediate or influence entry of virus into cells, the virion-cell fusion required for this entry is discussed as well. The emphasis is on new information that has emerged since publication of an earlier review on these subjects (White et al., 1983). It was not the intention to provide comprehensive treatment of these subjects.
An algorithm for comparing two-dimensional electrophoretic gels, with particular reference to the study of mutation.

Concerns over the possible mutagenic effects of exposure to chemicals and radiation resulting from human activities, which surfaced so strongly in the 1950s, continue essentially unabated. Regulations and legislation in which genetic considerations play a significant role are being promulgated, and litigation concerning possible genetic damage from exposures resulting from human activities is in the courts. While animal models, particularly those employing the house mouse, have been essential in preliminary evaluations of the potential magnitude of the human risks, their potential for error in any precise evaluation of the magnitude of the issues is now apparent (Denniston, 1982; Kohn, 1983; Neel, 1983; Lyon, 1983). There is an urgent need for data on these risks derived from studies of human populations.
Molecular Genetic Basis of Metabolic Adaptation to Anoxia in Maize and its Possible Utility for Improving Tolerance of Crops to Soil Waterlogging

Anaerobic treatment dramatically alters the pattern of gene expression in maize seedlings. During anaerobiosis there is an immediate repression of pre-existing protein synthesis and the simultaneous selective synthesis of four polypeptides with a molecular weight of ~33 kDa (the transition polypeptides). After 90 minutes, this is followed by specific transcription and mRNA accumulation as well as the selective synthesis of approximately twenty anaerobic-specific proteins. Among these anaerobic proteins (ANPs) are enzymes involved in glycolysis and related processes, such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldolase, anolase, glucose phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, pyruvate decarboxylase and sucrose synthase. This is most likely a natural response of plants to flooding. Similar responses have been observed in every plant species examined to date. We have analysed the anaerobic response and flooding tolerance of maize using both molecular and genetic approaches, and have identified 15 different anaerobic-specific cDNA clones. In timecourse experiments, most of these have been shown to hybridise to mRNAs that have kinetics of anaerobic induction very similar to those previously reported for Adhl and Adh2 (i.e., accumulation is first apparent after 90 minutes and reaches its highest level after approximately five hours). One cDNA encodes an RNA that accumulates a little earlier, while a few others encode mRNAs that accumulate later than the Adh mRNAs. One of these does not begin accumulating until after six hours of anaerobiosis and peaks after 48 hours. Among the cDNAs analysed are those that encode cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPC; E.C. 1.2.1.12). We have found that GAPC is encoded by a small multigene family consisting of four genes (Gpc1 — Gpc4). There are apparently two sub-families with two genes each. One sub-family is anaerobically inducible and shows organ-specific expression, while the other shows essentially constitutive expression and is neither anaerobically inducible nor does it show any organ-specificity. On the genetic side, we have analysed a maize line that is ADH1 null but whose seedlings can survive 24 hours of anoxic treatment (all previously tested ADH1 null lines survived for only a few hours, while most ADH1+ lines can survive 72 hours). We have found that the factor involved behaves as a single recessive locus that segregates independently of Adh1 and Adh2. We have also analysed maize germplasm for variation in flood tolerance and have found a few accessions that can survive anoxia for up to six days. Genetic analysis indicates that this may be due to a single dominant locus.
Properties of some C18 stationary phases for preparative liquid chromatography. I: Equilibrium isotherms

Abstract Isotherm data were measured by frontal analysis and elution by characteristic points for 2,6-dimethylphenol, 3-phenyl-1-propanol and methyl benzoate on six columns packed with two commercial octadecyl silicas, using methanol-water solutions as the mobile phase. The retention factors and isotherm coefficients depend on the packing density. This density varies markedly from column to column, at least with some phases for which it is also a function of the column length. The determination of the thermodynamic data required for the modelling of chromatography must be done with an accuracy which seems to exceed what the current level of column to column reproducibility of these data permits at present, even when care is taken to control the experimental parameters, make precise measurements and report the data to the mass of silica.
Families of Gapped Interfaces Between Fractional Quantum Hall States

Some interfaces between two different topologically ordered systems can be gapped. In earlier work it was shown that such gapped interfaces can themselves be effective one-dimensional topological systems that possess localized topological modes in open boundary geometries. Here we focus on how this occurs in the context of an interface between two single-component Laughlin states of opposite chirality, with filling fractions ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}=1/p$ and ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}=1/p{n}^{2}$. While one type of interface in such systems was previously studied, we show that allowing for edge reconstruction effects opens up a wide variety of possible gapped interfaces depending on the number of divisors of $n.$ We apply a complementary description of the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2}=1/p{n}^{2}$ system in terms of Laughlin states coupled to a discrete gauge ${\mathbb{Z}}_{n}$ field. This enables us to identify possible interfaces to the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}$ system based on complete or partial confinement of this gauge field. We determine the tunneling properties, the ground-state degeneracy, and the nature of the non-Abelian zero modes of each interface in order to physically distinguish them.
Taking diverse backgrounds into account in studies of political ambition and representation

ABSTRACTMen from elite backgrounds dominate the group of people who seek and hold political office. We discuss the ways that homophily of backgrounds and networks can damage the quality of democrac...
Evaluating sociodemographic, behavioral and psychologic disparities in 918 head and neck cancer survivors.

e17541Background: Minority race, low-income status, tobacco dependence, alcohol abuse, and depression negatively impact overall survival among head and neck cancer (HNC) survivors. Understanding th...
Moving beyond the katrina crisis: from danger to opportunity overview of key lessons learned for better disaster preparedness from the american journal of the medicine sciences third post-katrina anniversary symposium issue.

Now in the midst of our fourth hurricane season post-Hurricane Katrina, it is as important as ever to revisit the lessons learned from the devastating experience, primarily to ensure we are prepared in the event of another natural disaster. With at least 3 hurricane seasons behind us without incident (from the perspective of the Gulf Coast region), it is tempting but not prudent to slip into our comfort zones and ignore the possibility of another hurricane. In 2008, The American Journal of the Medical Sciences (AJMS) dedicated a symposium issue to the extended effects of the hurricane “crisis” on New Orleans and other areas of the Gulf Coast and its unanticipated silver lining in providing the impetus for better disaster preparedness (Am J Med Sci. 2008;336(2):91–214). The Japanese symbol on the cover of the AJMS symposium issue captured the meaning of the word crisis: danger evolving to opportunity. Physicians, administrators, medical educators, residents, and students expressively reflected on the unexpected disaster aftermath—the opportunities and successes.1 Certainly, many lessons were learned with this tragic experience, and the Gulf Coast is now better informed about what worked and what did not work during and after the disaster. The symposium issue addressed 4 areas of opportunities realized after the disaster: patient-focused disaster preparedness, medical education, health care infrastructure, and health care providers.1 I encourage readers to revisit the symposium issue and refresh their memory regarding how far we have come in the recovery effort and where we still need to go. With the fourth post-Katrina hurricane season underway, it is worth recapping the key issues related to patients and providers, along with recommendations for improved processes that were covered in the symposium issue. Physicians and other health care providers may find these reminders helpful as they counsel their patients and each other about advance planning in the event of a disaster. Two areas from the symposium issue after the Katrina crisis are summarized here: patient-focused disaster preparedness and health care providers.
Congenital Heart Surgery Outcomes in Turner Syndrome: The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database Analysis

Background Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic syndrome characterized by monosomy X (45,XO) in phenotypic females and is commonly associated with congenital heart disease. We sought to describe the distribution, mortality, and morbidity of congenital heart surgery in TS and compare outcomes to individuals without genetic syndromes. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Congenital Heart Surgery Database was used to evaluate index cardiovascular operations performed from 2000 to 2017 in pediatric patients (aged 0-18 years) with and without TS. Analyses were stratified by the most common operations, including coarctation repair, aortic arch repair, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return repair, Norwood, superior cavopulmonary anastomosis (Glenn), and Fontan. Results Included were 780 operations in TS and 62,659 operations in controls. The most common TS operations were coarctation repair in 274 (35%), aortic arch repair in 116 (15%), and Norwood in 59 (8%). Compared with controls, TS patients had lower weight-for-age Z-scores across all operations (P Conclusions Turner syndrome patients most commonly underwent operations for left-sided obstructive lesions. Despite increased morbidity for select operations, TS was not associated with increased operative mortality.
Awake Testing to Confirm Target Engagement

Clinical testing of the awake patient during or prior to functional neurosurgical procedures such as deep brain stimulator (DBS) placement, focused ultrasound (FUS), or epilepsy surgeries is a valuable tool to verify that the appropriate target has been engaged for purposes of improving symptoms. This testing also serves to identify potential adverse effects of surgical therapy that may limit efficacy or lead to poor outcomes. The treating clinician should be familiar with both the regional anatomy and brain circuitry involved in these diseases states, as well as the testing sequences, parameters, and interpretation of results in order to make appropriate therapeutic decisions for individual patients. This chapter reviews testing patients with movement and neuropsychiatric disorders during DBS or FUS procedures and patients with epilepsy prior to surgical intervention.
Some Performance Guarantees of Global LASSO with Local Assumptions for Convolutional Sparse Design Matrices

We analyze the performance of the LASSO algorithm (basis pursuit, Tibshirani et. al, ’96) for a class of structured matrices known as convolutional sparse matrix. Analyzing such matrices is of paramount interest since in many signal processing applications (including computer vision, image and audio processing), a global analysis of the underlying signal often entails understanding the behavior of convolutional sparse matrix. We show that LASSO (l 1 regularized least squares) with such matrices succeeds under a constraint on local sparsity, as opposed to global sparsity. This conversion from global to local constraint has crucial significance in the above mentioned applications. Under sufficiency conditions like Restricted Eigen-value (RE) and Exact Recovery Coefficient (ERC), we obtain the prediction (in l 2 norm) error and estimation error rate for LASSO estimator with local sparsity constraints. Furthermore, we obtain an estimation error rate for LASSO estimator in l ∞ norm under a gaussian noise model.A full version of this paper is accessible at: https://tinyurl.com/rwy2l3o
Distance Assessment for Detecting Cognitive Impairment in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of Psychometric Evidence.

Introduction: Distance or remote cognitive assessments, administered via phone or computer platforms, have emerged as possible alternatives to traditional assessments performed during office visits. Distance refers to any nontraditional assessment feature, not only or necessarily location. We conducted a systematic review to examine the psychometric soundness of these approaches. Method: We searched PubMed, PsycINFO, AgeLine, and Academic Search Premier for articles published between January 2008 and June 2020. Studies were included if participants were over the age of 50, a structured assessment of cognitive function in older adults was evaluated, the assessment method was deemed distant, and validity and/or reliability data were reported. Assessment distance was defined as having any of the following features: use of an electronic test interface, nonroutine test location (e.g., home), test self-administered, and test unsupervised. Distance was categorized as low, intermediate, or high. Results/Discussion: Twenty-six studies met inclusion criteria. Sample sizes ranged from n = 8 to 8,627, and the mean age ranged from 57 to 83. Assessments included screens, brief or full batteries, and were performed via videoconferencing, phone, smartphone, or tablet/computer. Ten studies reported on low distance, 11 on intermediate distance, and 5 studies for high distance assessments. Invalid performance data were observed with older age and cognitive impairment. Convergent validity data were reported consistently and suggested a decline with increasing distance: r = 0.52–0.80 for low, 0.49–0.75 for intermediate, and 0.41–0.53 for high distance. Diagnostic validity estimates presented a similar pattern. Reliability data were reported too inconsistently to allow evaluation. Conclusion: The validity of cognitive assessments with older adults appears supported at lower but not higher distance. Less is known about the reliability of such assessments. Future research should delineate the person and procedure boundaries for valid and reliable test results.
Naming racism in the public health classroom.

Objective The discussion of racism within undergraduate public health classrooms can be highly influenced by local and national conversations about race. We explored the impact of local and national events on students’ ability to name racism on a public health exam highlighting the impact of racism on maternal and infant health disparities for Black mothers. Methods We undertook this research within the context of an undergraduate introductory public health course at a primarily white institution in the Northeastern part of the United States. A qualitative content analysis of undergraduate student responses to a final exam question soliciting the importance of racism to health outcomes among Black mothers in the United States was undertaken. ANOVA tests were run to assess differences on naming racism, using semantic alternatives, and providing alternative explanations during three main time periods: prior to the election of the 45th president of the United States (pre-Trump), after the election (post-Trump), and after a nationally recognized racist campus incident. Results Between the pre- and post-Trump periods we see no differences in naming racism or providing alternative explanations. We do see a reduction in the proportion of students providing semantic alternatives for racism in the post-Trump period (32.2 vs. 25.2%, p = 0.034). After the racist campus incident, we see increases in the proportion of students naming race (53.6 vs. 73.8%, p = 0.021) and decreases in the proportion providing an alternative explanation (43.1 vs. 12.9%, p = 0.004), but no differences in the proportion of students who used semantic alternatives. Discussion This work lends itself to our understanding of how local climate affects public health teaching and may also influence students’ learning about important social and structural determinants of health. National and local climate should frame and guide public health teaching.
Investigating The Use Of ECMO In Children With ANCA+ Pulmonary Hemorrhage: A Case Report

Introduction: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a life-saving tool utilized in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for a variety of conditions. ECMO generally requires anti-coagulation to prevent the formation of clots within the circuit, limiting its use in patients with active bleeding. This case, however, demonstrates the benefit of ECMO in pulmonary hemorrhage despite the risks. Case Description: A previously healthy 13-year-old female presented with fever, shortness of breath, and hypoxemia. She required high flow nasal cannula and chest x-ray showed bilateral infiltrates. Labs demonstrated mild leukocytosis (11.51 x10³ uL) …
Changes in Diagnostic and Demographic Characteristics of Patients Seeking Mental Health Care During the Early COVID-19 Pandemic in a Large, Community-Based Health Care System.

OBJECTIVE: The early COVID-19 pandemic resulted in great psychosocial disruption and stress, raising speculation that psychiatric disorders may worsen. This study aimed to identify patients vulnerable to worsening mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: This retrospective observational study used electronic health records from March 9 to May 31 in 2019 (n = 94,720) and 2020 (n = 94,589) in a large, community-based health care system. Percent change analysis compared variables standardized to the average patient population for the respective time periods. RESULTS: Compared to 2019, psychiatric visits increased significantly (P < .0001) in 2020, with the majority being telephone/video-based (+264%). Psychiatric care volume increased overall (7%), with the greatest increases in addiction (+42%), behavioral health in primary care (+17%), and adult psychiatry (+5%) clinics. While patients seeking care with preexisting psychiatric diagnoses were mainly stable (−2%), new patients declined (−42%). Visits for substance use (+51%), adjustment (+15%), anxiety (+12%), bipolar (+9%), and psychotic (+6%) disorder diagnoses, and for patients aged 18­25 years (+4%) and 26­39 years (+4%), increased. Child/adolescent and older adult patient visits decreased (−22.7% and −5.5%, respectively), and fewer patients identifying as White (−3.8%) or male (−5.0) or with depression (−3%) or disorders of childhood (−2%) sought care. CONCLUSIONS: The early COVID-19 pandemic was associated with dramatic changes in psychiatric care facilitated by a rapid telehealth care transition. Patient volume, demographic, and diagnostic changes may reflect comfort with telehealth or navigating the psychiatric care system. These data can inform health system resource management and guide future work examining how care delivery changes impact psychiatric care quality and access.
Neratinib: an option for HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer--Q&A.

Metastatic human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer is currently incurable. The primary goals of treatment are to prolong survival while optimizing quality of life. Several agents are now available in this setting, including neratinib, tucatinib, ado-trastuzumab emtansine, and trastuzumab deruxtecan. Neratinib in combination with capecitabine was recently approved for the treatment of adult patients with advanced or metastatic breast cancer who have received 2 or more prior anti-HER2-based regimens in the metastatic setting. Neratinib is an oral pan-HER inhibitor that binds covalently to the kinase site, providing irreversible binding. Phase 3 data showed that the combination of neratinib plus capecitabine improved progression-free survival vs lapatinib plus capecitabine. The duration of response was longer among patients in the neratinib arm. Neratinib plus capecitabine was also active against brain metastases associated with refractory, HER2-positive breast cancer, and this combination is listed in guidelines from the National Comprehensive Cancer Network for this indication. When combined with fulvestrant, neratinib demonstrated efficacy in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer, regardless of their hormone receptor status. Ongoing trials are evaluating the ability of neratinib to treat brain metastases, as well as the efficacy and safety of the triplet combination of neratinib, fulvestrant, and trastuzumab in this setting.
People and power: Expanding the role and scale of public engagement in energy transitions

Abstract Given the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, energy transitions are among the most important STS research areas. Evidence increasingly points to social movements and mobilized publics as critical drivers of change, including transformative energy transitions. Yet STS' focus on science and expertise can miss the significance of the public's role in leading and shaping energy transitions. This paper explores how STS considers public engagement and disparities between project-specific issues and broader energy objectives, such as addressing global climate change. Drawing on research about public participation, mobilized publics, and social movements, the paper examines how expanding the STS lens of analysis can ensure that the public's role in energy transitions is fully assessed and reflected. The paper also discusses future research approaches and avenues for more interdisciplinary collaboration, which will be advantageous in investigating transformative energy transition pathways.
Constitutional Gun Litigation Beyond the Second Amendment

Litigation, scholarship, and commentary about gun rights and regulation tend to focus nearly exclusively on the Second Amendment’s right to keep and bear arms—a constitutional guarantee that was for all intents and purposes legally inert until the Supreme Court’s decision in District of Columbia v. Heller. But to fully understand the landscape of gun litigation, it is important also to account for other constitutional gun rights claims—those that do not derive, at least not directly, from the Second Amendment. In Part I of this short Article, we highlight some of the most prominent of these claims, including those deriving from the Due Process Clause, Takings Clause, and the First Amendment. Our goal in doing so is primarily to describe and illustrate, not to evaluate, though it is worth noting that some of these claims appear much stronger than others—and perhaps stronger than some courts have credited. Moreover, and perhaps surprisingly, some of these constitutional claims sometimes cut against the interests of gun owners (for example by calling into question the constitutionality of “parking lot” laws that require private business owners to permit guns on their property). In the second Part of the Article, we address two broad and more speculative questions. First, how do these constitutional claims interact with more traditional Second Amendment arguments? Evaluating that question suggests much about how litigants perceive the relative strength and utility of their rights—for example, whether other rights are a more fruitful basis for gun-related claims. And, going forward, the answers will depend greatly on what the Supreme Court decides in the pending case of New York State Rifle & Pistol Association v. Bruen, which involves the question of whether the right to keep and bear arms extends outside the home. We conclude by asking what this polycentric constitutional understanding of gun rights illustrates about the constitutional rights and interests of others, including those who support gun regulation as a means to preserve not only their own physical safety, but their freedom to engage in free speech, assembly, worship and other constitutionally salient activities.
Improving the Reproducibility of the Radial Argon Concentration in Beryllium Shells

AbstractSputter coating of beryllium on spherical mandrels has been used at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and at General Atomics to produce graded, copper doped beryllium shells. While these coatings have consistent microstructure and acceptable void content, different coaters produced different results with respect to argon implantation. Each individual system met the requirements for argon implantation, but the deviation from one system to another and from run to run exceeded the variability requirements as specified by the National Ignition Facility target design requirements. We redesigned the fixturing within one system to improve reproducibility. Then, we reconfigured the coaters so that the vertical and lateral alignments of the shells under the gun varied <1 mm between systems. After this process, the systems were able to produce beryllium capsules with radial argon profiles that met specifications and were consistent from run to run and from system to system. During this process we gaine...
Asymmetries in Retail Gasoline Price Dynamics and Local Market Power

Using monthly data from the 48 contiguous states (except Nevada) for the 1988-2002 period, it is shown that retail gasoline prices respond faster to wholesale price increases than to equivalent wholesale price decreases. Moreover, markets with high average retail-wholesale margins experience a slower adjustment and a higher degree of asymmetry. These results are robust to whether or not an error correction term is used, and to a number of other specifications. Since gasoline is the only variable input, one could reasonably assume that average margins in a state reflect the degree of market power at the retail level. This suggests that sticky prices and response asymmetries in the gasoline market are, at least partially, a consequence of retail market power, raising the possibility that slow price adjustments and asymmetric price responses could be used as an indicator of potential departure from perfect competition. It is also shown that out-of-sample forecasts based on asymmetric models yield substantially better predictions for the path of retail prices than forecasts based on the symmetric models. This result is robust to different measures of forecast accuracy. The higher accuracy of the out-of-sample forecasts based on asymmetric models indicates that these asymmetries are not just an outcome of fitting to a particular sample but represent the underlying data generating process.