cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Market Architecture: Limit Order Books Versus Dealership Markets

We analyze the customer's choice with respect to a limit-order book, a dealership market, and a hybrid market structure. The customer's order is competed for and divided among risk averse market makers (limit-order providers) with heterogeneous inventories. Main conclusions of the paper are as follows: (1) a risk neutral customer prefers to trade in a limit-order market instead of in any hybrid or dealership markets; (2) a risk averse customer prefers to trade in a dealership market over a limit-order book market when the number of market makers is large and when the variation in order size is significant; and (3) for risk averse customers, the hybrid market structure, when properly structured, dominates the dealership market. Findings of the paper can be understood in terms of the tradeoff between two features of the equilibrium demand schedules: a bid reduction effect that operates differently in a limit-order book versus in a dealership market, and a zero-quantity spread that is present in the book only. Results in this paper shed new light on important issues such as why the pure dealership structure is perceived as being a poor market-place for small orders, and why the limit-order book is inefficient in handling large order size variation. They also provide a rationale for the recent move in many large equity markets toward a structure where small orders are executed against a limit-order book while large orders are executed in a dealership setting.
A Tick Vector Transmission Model of Monocytotropic Ehrlichiosis

Background. Ehrlichioses are emerging, tick-borne diseases distributed worldwide. Previously established animal models use needle inoculation as a mode of infection; however, there is limited representation of natural transmission in artificially inoculated models compared with transmission by the tick vector. The objective of this study was to develop a tick vector transmission animal model of ehrlichial infection using a human pathogen, Ehrlichia muris–like agent (EMLA). Methods. Ixodes scapularis larvae were fed on EMLA-infected mice, and after molting, infected nymphs were used to infest naive animals. Results. Ehrlichiae were acquired by 90%–100% of feeding larvae. The majority of animals fed upon by infected nymphs developed sublethal infection with 27% lethality. Bacteria disseminated to all tissues tested with greatest bacterial loads in lungs, but also spleen, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, brain, and bone marrow. Numerous foci of cellular infiltration, mitoses, and hepatocellular death were observed in liver. Mice infected by tick transmission developed higher antiehrlichial antibody levels than needle-inoculated animals. Tick-feeding-site reactions were observed, but there was no observed difference between animals infested with infected or uninfected ticks. Conclusions. For the first time we were able to develop a tick transmission model with an Ehrlichia that is pathogenic for humans.
Neural Systems Subserving Valence and Arousal During the Experience of Induced Emotions

The circumplex model of affect construes all emotions as linear combinations of 2 independent neurophysiological dimensions, valence and arousal. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to identify the neural networks subserving valence and arousal, and we assessed, in 10 participants, the associations of the BOLD (blood oxygen level-dependent) response, an indirect index of neural activity, with ratings of valence and arousal during the emotional experiences induced by the presentation of evocative sentences. Unpleasant emotional experience was associated with increased BOLD signal intensities in the supplementary motor, anterior midcingulate, right dorsolateral prefrontal, occipito-temporal, inferior parietal, and cerebellar cortices. Highly arousing emotions were associated with increased BOLD signal intensities in the left thalamus, globus pallidus, caudate, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, premotor cortex, and cerebellar vermis. Separate analyses using a finite impulse response model confirmed these results and revealed that pleasant emotions engaged an additional network that included the midbrain, ventral striatum, and caudate nucleus, all portions of a reward circuit. These findings suggest the existence of distinct networks subserving the valence and arousal dimensions of emotions, with midline and medial temporal lobe structures mediating arousal and dorsal cortical areas and mesolimbic pathways mediating valence.
Perceived Barriers to Participation in a Supplemental Nutrition Program Among Low-Income Women on the US/Mexico Border

The benefits of supplemental nutrition programs have been well established. In order to gain an insight into perceived barriers to participation in such programs on the US/Mexico border, unstructured qualitative interviews were conducted with former participants of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). The main barrier to program participation was a lack of time. Other barriers to participation included confusion about program eligibility and the perceived stigma associated with receiving assistance from WIC. Generally, participants felt that WIC was a beneficial program and would recommend it to others. Expanded hours of operation that address the needs of working mothers were recommended in order to increase the recruitment and retention of program participants.
Outpatient minilaparotomy sterilization with local anesthesia.

358 patients underwent sterilization by minilaparotomy under local anesthesia and intravenous sedation between December 1984 and October 1987 at the University of Miami Family Planning Center an out-of- hospital facility. The Osathanondh uterine elevation technique was used. In 3 cases the operation could not be completed because of technical difficulties. 85% of the patients had a postoperative examination. 60% underwent follow-up between 24-48 months after surgery and 12% between 12-18 months. 1 patient became pregnant (intrauterine) 1 year after the operation. From this study it appears that outpatient minilaparotomy sterilization under local anesthesia is safe and effective. (authors)
Evidence for a π − ρ Interaction Produced in the π + p Reaction at 3. 65 BeV/ c

Author(s): Goldhaber, Gerson; Brown, John L.; Goldhaber, Sulamith; Kadyk, John A.; Shen, Benjamin C.; Trilling, George H.
Isolation and determination methods for brain cerebrosides, hydroxy fatty acids, and unsaturated and saturated fatty acids

A new method is described for the isolation of nearly pure total cerebrosides from fresh brain. Florisil columns are used to separate the cerebroside hydroxy and normal acids, in the form of their esters, and to separate the saturated and unsaturated esters of each group. The esters within each class are determined by gas chromatography, the hydroxy esters being run as the methyl ethers. Yields in the various steps are close to theoretical. The presence of lower homologues in all four classes of rat brain cerebroside acids was discovered. Particularly large amounts of C23 and C22 saturated acids were found.
Numerical Simulation of Perforation of Aluminum Plates by Tumbling Projectiles

Numerical simulations of the perforation of 4.8 mm thick 6061-T6 aluminum target plates by tumbling cylindrical projectiles with a 12.7 mm diameter, 38.1 mm long, were performed using DYNA3D, a non-linear, three-dimensional finite element code. Impact angle (or yaw angle with a zero oblique angle) of the projectile ranged from 0° to 50°. Initial velocity and oblique angle were 450 m/s and 5°. An elasto-plastic material model was considered for the targets with the failure criterion based on the ultimate tensile strain, while the projectile was treated undeformable. The slide surface “SAND” was employed to simulate the perforation process involving failures such as plugging and petaling. The numerical results were in good accord with corresponding experimental data in terms of final velocity and final oblique angle of the projectile as well as crater length of the target. A detailed description of motion history of the projectile during the perforation was in excellent agreement with that obtained from the analytical model. It was found that the impact angle can increase the velocity drop and change the trajectory of the projectile noticeably. The crater length of the target subjected to tumbling impact was apparently larger than those in normal impact (zero impact angle). Impact at an angle above 50° has almost the same effect as side-on impact at an impact angle of 90° for the given velocity and target thickness presently investigated.
Thermal Analysis of a Microfluidic Preconcentrator for Portable Micro Gas Analysis Systems

Two key challenges to portable gas chromatography are reducing preconcentrator power consumption and accurate temperature control of adsorbent. This paper presents the results of thermal modeling performed to optimize a microfabricated preconcentrator based on a silicon microhotplate and utilizing Metal Organic Framework (MOF) adsorbents. From this modeling, two design changes are presented that reduce the power consumption by 1.5 W and reduce temperature variation across the microhotplate by 50%.© 2009 ASME
Hip Fracture in Patients With Non‐Dialysis‐Requiring Chronic Kidney Disease

Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at a high risk for hip fracture. Little is known about the risk for, and consequences of, hip fracture among patients with non-dialysis-requiring chronic kidney disease (CKD). We examined the incidence of hip fracture, in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and costs among patients with ESRD, non-dialysis-requiring CKD, and normal or near normal kidney function. Using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a nationally representative database, we identified hospitalizations for hip fracture in 2010. We incorporated data from the United States Renal Data System (USRDS) and the US census to calculate population-specific rates. Age-standardized incidence of hip fracture was highest among patients with ESRD (3.89/1000 person-years), followed by non-dialysis-requiring CKD (1.81/1000 persons) and patients with normal or near normal kidney function (1.18/1000 persons). In-hospital mo rtality (odds ratio [OR] = 1.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.46 to 1.96), lengths of stay (median [10th, 90th percentiles] 5 [3 to 11] versus 5 [3 to 10] days) and costs (median $14,807 versus $13,314) were significantly higher in patients with non-dialysis-requiring CKD relative to patients with normal or near normal kidney function. In summary, non-dialysis-requiring CKD is associated with higher age-standardized rates of hip fracture and post-hip fracture mortality and higher resource utilization. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Cigarette smoking survey on state functionaries from 31 units in Suzhou City

Objective To understand the status of smoking for state functionaries and enforcement of smoking control for related units.Methods A field questionnaire survey was conducted for all state functionaries who were from 31 units in Suzhou City.Results The total smoking rate was 23.8% in 2 106 subjects,among which the male smoking rate was 37.8%,the female smoking rate was 1.1%.Smoking rate increased with increasing age and decreased with increasing education.The knowledge rate of the risk of smoking and second hand smoking were 90.4% and 89.3%.All indoor areas of 60.5% units were not allowed to cigarette smoking,58.4% of respondents believe that their units have completely implemented the smoking provisions,31.1% of those smokers thought that tobacco control provisions could reduce the amount of cigarette.Conclusion The smoking rate of Suzhou City-state functionaries is higher;so,the awareness of the hazards of smoking and passive smoking should to be further improved,strict enforcement of the regulations maybe favorable to prevent the smoking behavior of the state functionaries.
A Note on the Analysis of Two Early Rājasthānī Dādūpanthī Manuscripts

The study of literary traditions of medieval India is, to a large extent, dependent on the analysis of extant manuscripts as primary sources of information. Knowledge of their absolute and relative chronology, together with the development of their internal structure and format, can throw more light on their uses and roles in the process of the formation of the communities that produced them. Possible methodological approaches and tools for acquiring and evaluating the desired sets of data are here demonstrated on a small sample of text, a collection of sākhīs or couplets attributed to the sant Kabīr (ca. 1440–1518) and included in manuscript textual corpora compiled by members of the communtity of Dādūpanth in seventeenth century Rājasthān. A comparison of the internal structure of two kindred sākhī collections, namely a so far unedited Dādūpanthī manuscript and the existing edition of the Kabīr granthāvalī of Śyāmasundaradāsa (1928), combined with data in the colophons of the former, and along with other circumstantial information, allows us to postulate their relationship to other preexisting models that bring us to the very beginnings of the scriptural traditions of Dādūpanth. The gradual accumulation and internal rearrangement of the material that is evident in the manuscript copy under study reveals the emergence of the idea of a panc-vāṇī, or a compendium of texts by the five most revered sants, in the later history of Dādūpanth considered to be canonical.
917 Proactive and reactive parent-child conversations about injury

Background Parents are uniquely positioned to reduce unintentional injury risk in children. Early in childhood this takes the form of direct supervision, yet as children gain independence parents must devise new ways of keeping their children safe. Parent-child conversations about safety may help children to internalise safety values so that they are able to independently regulate their own behaviour. This paper reports studies that examine how these conversations unfold in both proactive (before an injury occurs) and reactive (after an injury has occurred) situations. Methods We studied proactive conversations by asking mothers and their children (8- to 10-years-old) to rate and discuss the safety of 12 photographs depicting children engaged in various physical activities. To examine reactive conversations, we examined interviews with parents about the strategies they used when discussing how an injury requiring a trip to the emergency department could have been prevented. Results In proactive conversations, parents referenced the potential outcomes of the activity and the dangerous features of the situation. In reactive conversations, parents relied on 4 main strategies: 1) providing an alternative strategy for future use, 2) telling children to be more careful in the future, 3) telling children not to engage in the activity again, and 4) explaining why the activity was dangerous. Parents varied their use of these strategies according to children’s age, gender, and the circumstances surrounding the injury. Conclusions Parents promote the internalisation of safety values by pointing out dangerous features and outcomes of a situation, as well as by explaining why certain behaviours are dangerous. In doing so, parents are preparing their children for independent, safe navigation of the world around them.
Long-term Consequences of Childhood Bullying in Adults who Stutter: Social Anxiety, Fear of Negative Evaluation, Self-esteem, and Satisfaction with Life

Abstract Purpose: Psychosocial disorders have been reported in adults who stutter, especially social anxiety disorder. Social anxiety has been linked to childhood victimization. It is possible that recalled childhood victimization could be linked to psychosocial problems reported in some adults who stutter. Method: Participants were 36 adults who stutter and 36 adults who do not stutter (mean age = 21.9 years). The Retrospective Bullying Questionnaire was completed for primary school, secondary school and university environments for physical, verbal, relational and cyber bullying. Participants were categorized into one of five groups (bully, victim, bully-victim, bystander and uninvolved) based ontheir responses. Participants completed four psychosocial scales: social interaction anxiety, fear of negative evaluation, self-esteem and satisfaction with life scales. Results: The two groups differed with adults who stutter having higher social interaction anxiety, fear of negative evaluation and satisfaction with life. Analyses of variance revealed that victims had the highest scores among both groups on all four scales. Conclusion: Adults who recalled being victimized during childhood were more likely, regardless of whether they stutter or did not stutter, to have poorer psychosocial scale scores. These results show the lingering effects of childhood victimization, common in some children who stutter, may contribute to the reported psychosocial problems in adulthood. The need for early intervention for children who are bullied and future research with larger samples is warranted.
Exercise and Pharmacological Treatment of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease: Results From the UPBEAT (Understanding the Prognostic Benefits of Exercise and Antidepressant Therapy) Study

Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of exercise and antidepressant medication in reducing depressive symptoms and improving cardiovascular biomarkers in depressed patients with coronary heart disease. Background Although there is good evidence that clinical depression is associated with poor prognosis, optimal therapeutic strategies are currently not well defined. Methods One hundred one outpatients with coronary heart disease and elevated depressive symptoms underwent assessment of depression, including a psychiatric interview and the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Participants were randomized to 4 months of aerobic exercise (3 times/week), sertraline (50–200 mg/day), or placebo. Additional assessments of cardiovascular biomarkers included measures of heart rate variability, endothelial function, baroreflex sensitivity, inflammation, and platelet function. Results After 16 weeks, all groups showed improvement on Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores. Participants in both the aerobic exercise (mean −7.5; 95% confidence interval: −9.8 to −5.0) and sertraline (mean −6.1; 95% confidence interval: −8.4 to −3.9) groups achieved larger reductions in depressive symptoms compared with those receiving placebo (mean −4.5; 95% confidence interval: −7.6 to −1.5; p = 0.034); exercise and sertraline were equally effective at reducing depressive symptoms (p = 0.607). Exercise and medication tended to result in greater improvements in heart rate variability compared with placebo (p = 0.052); exercise tended to result in greater improvements in heart rate variability compared with sertraline (p = 0.093). Conclusions Both exercise and sertraline resulted in greater reductions in depressive symptoms compared to placebo in patients with coronary heart disease. Evidence that active treatments may also improve cardiovascular biomarkers suggests that they may have a beneficial effect on clinical outcomes as well as on quality of life. (Exercise to Treat Depression in Individuals With Coronary Heart Disease; NCT00302068 )
Wideband scalable electrical model for microwave/millimeter wave flip chip interconnects

We present a method for developing fully scalable lumped element models for flip chip interconnects. Measurements of test structures and full wave simulations are used to generate circuit models for various single bump configurations. Furthermore, regression models are developed for scaling the values of the elements with the physical attributes of the circuit. First, the method is validated using only two factors, then the model is extended to more inputs related to the bump geometry and placement. The values of L and C in a simple /spl pi/ model have been scaled with the conductor overlap, the distance from the ground bump to the edge of the ground plane, the width of the CPW launch, the bump height and diameter. Explicit formulas are obtained for L and C as a function of those variables. It has been found that the value of the inductance varies with the conductor overlap, bump height and diameter, while the capacitance is mostly affected by conductor overlap. This paper presents the first fully scalable model for microwave flip chip technology.
Awake versus asleep deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a critical comparison and meta-analysis

Objective No definitive comparative studies of the efficacy of ‘awake’ deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD) under local or general anaesthesia exist, and there remains significant debate within the field regarding differences in outcomes between these two techniques. Methods We conducted a literature review and meta-analysis of all published DBS for PD studies (n=2563) on PubMed from January 2004 to November 2015. Inclusion criteria included patient number >15, report of precision and/or clinical outcomes data, and at least 6 months of follow-up. There were 145 studies, 16 of which were under general anaesthesia. Data were pooled using an inverse-variance weighted, random effects meta-analytic model for observational data. Results There was no significant difference in mean target error between local and general anaesthesia, but there was a significantly less mean number of DBS lead passes with general anaesthesia (p=0.006). There were also significant decreases in DBS complications, with fewer intracerebral haemorrhages and infections with general anaesthesia (p Conclusions Our meta-analysis demonstrates that while DBS under general anaesthesia may lead to lower complication rates overall, awake DBS may lead to less treatment-induced side effects. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in clinical motor outcomes between the two techniques. Thus, DBS under general anaesthesia can be considered at experienced centres in patients who are not candidates for traditional awake DBS or prefer the asleep alternative.
Six-Month Follow-up of a Regional Evidence-based Practice Fellowship Program.

OBJECTIVEThis study examined a 6-month follow-up of a regional evidence-based practice (EBP) fellowship program and the predictors of EBP adoption at hospital units.BACKGROUNDThe immediate beneficial effects of a regional EBP program are known, but the medium-term effects are not certain.METHODSA ma
Compassion satisfaction: A concept analysis in nursing.

Background Nurses experience an intrinsic sense of fulfillment derived from their work in caring for other people. There is a need to further investigate the concept of compassion satisfaction as it is experienced in the profession of nursing. Aim The aim of this analysis is to provide clarity to the concept of compassion satisfaction in nursing. Design/Data Source A search of social work and nursing literature was completed. The search terms “compassion satisfaction,” “nursing,” “social workers,” “teachers,” and “educators” were entered in various combinations to the CINAHL, Journals@Ovid, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, ProQuest Psychology Journals, PsychINFO, ERIC, and Education Full Text databases. Review Methods A comprehensive review of the literature was completed to identify features of compassion satisfaction. Utilizing the Walker and Avant method, assumptions, antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of compassion satisfaction were identified. Results A conceptual model of compassion satisfaction was developed encompassing 7 antecedents, 11 characteristics, and 8 consequences. Further, a theoretical definition of compassion satisfaction in nursing was derived. Conclusion There is a need to focus on the positive effects of caring. This concept analysis provides the initial step to strengthening the science related to compassion satisfaction in nursing and other helping professions.
Developing an electronic system to manage and track emergency medications.

Purpose The development of a Web-based program to track and manage emergency medications with radio frequency identification (RFID) is described. Summary At the Cleveland Clinic, medication kit restocking records and dispense locations were historically documented using a paper record-keeping system. The Cleveland Clinic investigated options to replace the paper-based tracking logs with a Web-based program that could track the real-time location and inventory of emergency medication kits. Vendor collaboration with a board of pharmacy (BOP) compliance inspector and pharmacy personnel resulted in the creation of a dual barcoding system using medication and pocket labels. The Web-based program was integrated with a Cleveland Clinic–developed asset tracking system using active RFID tags to give the real-time location of the medication kit. The Web-based program and the asset tracking system allowed identification of kits nearing expiration or containing recalled medications. Conversion from a paper-based system to a Web-based program began in October 2013. After 119 days, data were evaluated to assess the success of the conversion. Pharmacists spent an average of 27 minutes per day approving medication kits during the postimplementation period versus 102 minutes daily using the paper-based system, representing a 74% decrease in pharmacist time spent on this task. Prospective reports are generated monthly to allow the manager to assess the expected workload and adjust staffing for the next month. Conclusion Implementation of a BOP-approved Web-based system for managing and tracking emergency medications with RFID integration decreased pharmacist review time, minimized compliance risk, and increased access to real-time data.
Development and Validation of the Kernis-Goldman Authenticity Inventory-Short Form (KGAI-SF)

Abstract Psychological authenticity has long been of interest to social thinkers, and empirical research on this topic has steadily increased since the 1970s. The present work contributes to this body of knowledge by describing the development of a short form for the Kernis-Goldman Authenticity Inventory (KGAI), a widely used self-report instrument. Thirteen of the 45 items from the original KGAI were removed on the basis of semantic ambiguity or redundancy, and the remaining 32-items were subjected to cross-validated ordinal confirmatory factor analysis (N = 1252) in an effort to identify psychometrically redundant or unreliable items. The resulting 20-item short-form (KGAI-SF) exhibited good reliability across the ranges of the four underlying dimensions of authenticity (awareness, unbiased processing, behavior, relational orientation), as well as good discriminant and convergent validity.
The mutagen and carcinogen cadmium is a high-affinity inhibitor of the zinc-dependent MutLα endonuclease

MutLα (MLH1-PMS2 heterodimer), which acts as a strand-directed endonuclease during the initiation of eukaryotic mismatch repair, has been postulated to function as a zinc-dependent enzyme [Kosinski J, Plotz G, Guarne A, Bujnicki JM, Friedhoff P (2008) J Mol Biol 382:610–627]. We show that human MutLα copurifies with two bound zinc ions, at least one of which resides within the endonuclease active site, and that bound zinc is required for endonuclease function. Mutagenic action of the carcinogen cadmium, a known inhibitor of zinc-dependent enzymes, is largely due to selective inhibition of mismatch repair [Jin YH, et al. (2003) Nat Genet 34:326–329]. We show that cadmium is a potent inhibitor (apparent Ki ∼ 200 nM) of MutLα endonuclease and that cadmium inhibition is reversed by zinc. We also show that inhibition of mismatch repair in cadmium-treated nuclear extract is significantly reversed by exogenous MutLα but not by MutSα (MSH2-MSH6 heterodimer) and that MutLα reversal depends on integrity of the endonuclease active site. Exogenous MutLα also partially rescues the mismatch repair defect in nuclear extract prepared from cells exposed to cadmium. These findings indicate that targeted inhibition of MutLα endonuclease contributes to cadmium inhibition of mismatch repair. This effect may play a role in the mechanism of cadmium carcinogenesis.
Video games, contestation, and meaning: a strong program approach to studying artistic legitimation

For a creative expression to be widely recognized as art, sociology of art scholars argue that proponents must apply a legitimizing discourse that supporters of past art forms have successfully used. Unfortunately, sociology of art scholars have ignored the affective connections people have with these art forms and how proponents draw upon these meanings in their push for legitimation. To be sensitive to this dimension, scholars must adopt principles from the Strong Program (SP) of cultural sociology. To demonstrate the insights we gain from a SP approach, I examine how video game fans responded to disparaging comments made by the prominent film critic Roger Ebert. My findings indicate that certain aspects of fans’ push for artistic recognition are consistent with previous research. However, fans also express meaningful attachments to video games, and this affective dimension influences the narratives they construct in their pushes for legitimation. Moreover, the narratives fans construct disagree on whether video games are or can become art. Despite these disagreements, all the narratives emerge from the same affective foundation. These findings demonstrate the need for sociologists to examine how pushes for artistic legitimation build upon a deeply felt foundation.
Coral Bleaching: Causes and Mechanisms

Unprecedented changes in coral reef systems have focused attention on a wide range of stressors on local, regional, and global spatial scales but global climate change resulting in elevated seawater temperatures is widely accepted as having contributed to the major declines in coral cover or phase shifts in community structure on time scales never previously observed or recorded in the geological record. The major mechanism of scleractinian mortality as a result of global climate change is “coral bleaching,” the loss of the endosymbiotic dinoflagellates (=zooxanthellae) that occurs as part of the coral stress response to temperature perturbations in combination with several other synergistic factors. Over several years many studies have shown that the common mechanism underlying the stress response of corals to elevated temperatures is oxidative stress that is exacerbated when exposure to high irradiances of solar radiation accompanies the thermal insult. Oxidative stress, the production and accumulation of reduced oxygen intermediates such as superoxide radicals, singlet oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals can cause damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Reactive oxygen species are also important signal transduction molecules and mediators of damage in cellular processes, such as apoptosis, autophagy, and cell necrosis all of which are believed to have roles in coral bleaching depending on the intensity and duration of the environmental insult. This chapter examines the current evidence supporting the hypothesis that the production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to oxidative stress and is the proximal cause of coral bleaching.
Active notch filters for extending frequency response of accelerometers

The useable frequency range of lightly damped accelerometers is limited to 0.2 of their mounted natural frequency for amplitude distortions of less than 5 percent, while phase distortion is not a major problem until near resonance. There have been situations where the measured motion contains unforeseen high-frequency components which are distorted due to the accelerometer transfer function. There are several ways to overcome amplitude distortion of the higher-than-anticipated frequency components: (1) change instrumentation to an accelerometer which has a higher natural frequency, (2) establish data-analysis techniques which will account for the amplitude distortion, or (3) set up a notch filter circuit which has a transfer function that is the reciprocal of the accelerometer transfer function. The objective of this paper is to present several such circuits and to discuss what happens when the transfer functions are mismatched as to natural frequency of the accelerometer vs. the center frequency of the filter and accelerometer damping vs. filter damping. The results show that the useful frequency range of the accelerometer can be extended to near resonance if (a) the accelerometer-mounted natural frequency and the filter center frequency are matched within ±2 percent and (b) the damping ratios are matched within a factor of two.
Molecular mechanisms of regulation of sphingosine kinase 1.

Abstract Within the last 3 decades, there has been intense study of bioactive sphingolipids and the enzymes which metabolize those lipids. One enzyme is the critical lipid kinase sphingosine kinase 1 (SK1), which produces the potent and pleiotropic signaling lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SK1 and S1P have been implicated in a host of different diseases including cancer, chronic inflammation, and metabolic diseases. However, while there is ample knowledge about the importance of these molecules in the development and progression of disease there is a dearth of knowledge of the molecular mechanisms which regulate SK1 function. In this review, we will cover some of the more recent and exciting findings about the different ways SK1 function can be regulated, from transcriptional regulation to protein stability. Finally, we will delve into recent structural insights into SK1 and how they might relate to function at cell membranes.
Hot spotting surgical patients undergoing hepatopancreatic procedures.

Abstract Background The burden of health care spending in the United States is a major concern, as health care costs have exponentially increased during the last three decades. The objective of the current study was to investigate the degree of cost-concentration among Medicare patients undergoing liver and pancreatic surgery. Methods Medicare claims data from 2013 to 2015 were used to identify patients undergoing elective liver and pancreatic resections. Patients were divided into four groups: 1) non-complex pancreatic procedures; 2) complex pancreatic procedures; 3) non-complex liver procedures; and 4) complex liver procedures. Unadjusted price-standardized Medicare payments were calculated and payments were divided into quintiles. Patient-level factors associated with payments were analyzed by multivariable linear regression. Results A total of 17,125 patients were included in the study. Patients in the top quintile of spending accounted for over 40% of payments for all liver and pancreatic procedures. Patients with comorbidity scores ≥5, male sex, open surgical approach and a diagnosis of congestive heart failure were associated with higher costs. Conclusion Patients undergoing liver and pancreatic resections on the top 20% of payments were responsible for a disproportionate share of Medicare payments – over 40% of total expenditures. Overall hospital surgical volume was lower among the highest quintile of payments.
Highly Sensitive ALD SnO2 Sensors and the Role of its Thickness in Gas Sensing Capabilities

We report superior gas sensing properties of nano-layered atomic layer deposited - tin oxide thin films with room temperature operation and discuss the role of thickness on the sensing response of the films. 25, 50, 100 cycles of tin oxide ALD films have been evaluated for response with ozone gas in the concentration range of 25 ppb-l00 ppb. At 75 ppb of ozone, relevant concentration indicated for an Asthma attack, a remarkable increase in sensitivity by 22 times is seen with the 50 cycles ALD SnO2 sensor over the 100 cycles sensor and an increase of 58 times, with the 25 cycles sensor over the 50 cycles sensor. The operating power per sensor was under 200 µW including the power consumed by an UV LED (385 nm wavelength) used for resetting the sensors' baseline resistances.
Healthy aging? An evaluation of sport participation as a resource for older adults in retirement

Growing disparities between quality and quantity of life may be one of the most significant health challenges of our time. Retirement is a significant transitional event that can impact quality of ...
An Improved Design Methodology of the Double-Sided LC -Compensated CPT System Considering the Inductance Detuning

This paper proposes an improved design methodology of the double-sided LC -compensated capacitive power transfer (CPT) system considering the inductance detuning. Compared to the perfect-resonant scenario, this paper shows that the inductance detuning has the benefit to achieve the soft-switching condition for the CPT system, and the output current and internal voltage stresses can also be maintained within the desired range. The contributions of this paper are summarized in three parts. First, it analyzes the impacts of the inductance variations on the system frequency property, including the input current, output current, and internal capacitor voltage stresses. Second, it proposes three principles to detune the inductances as the methodology to design a CPT system. Third, a prototype is implemented, which achieves 368.5 W power transfer across a 400 mm × 400 mm × 4 mm glass layer with 91.8% dc–dc efficiency. Experimental results validate that the proposed design principles are satisfied, showing that the output current is within the desired range, the input soft-switching condition is achieved, and the internal voltage stresses are within the safety limit. Moreover, the efficiency and frequency properties are also validated by the experimental results, showing a wide power range of the high-efficiency operation (higher than 90%) and a wide frequency bandwidth of the soft-switching operation (from 0.96 to 1.12 MHz).
P-119 Antibiotic stewardship in a hospice environment: an audit of start smart then focus

Background Antimicrobial stewardship is an important element of improving the safety and quality of patient care and reducing the emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance. The Start Smart then Focus Toolkit was introduced to help NHS Trusts improve antibiotic stewardship (Public Health England,2018). Previous work has shown hospice patients are at high risk of infections due to frailty and immunocompromise. Furthermore there may be poor documentation of antibiotic prescribing (Donald & Lindsay, 2014). Aims To promote antibiotic stewardship by changing prescribing practice and introducing a sticker for antibiotic prescriptions. Methods Two matched retrospective audits of hospice inpatients over one-month periods in July 2017 and February 2018. Notes were analysed for patients prescribed antibiotics and drug charts checked for review dates, stop dates, indications and signatures (Public Health England, 2018). The February 2018 notes were also checked to see if antibiotic stickers were used on the drug charts. Results In February 2018, of the 30 inpatients, 16 were prescribed antibiotics, compared to 12 of 38 in July 2017. The original audit showed poor compliance with standards, with 50% (6/12) review dates, 75% (9/12) stop dates and 41% (5/12) indications. Correct prescribing increased with sticker use, with 100% (4/4) review dates, 50% (2/4) stop dates and 100% (4/4) indications compared to 17% (2/12) review dates, 0% (0/12) stop dates, and 75% (9/12) indications in the February 2018 re-audit. However, there was poor sticker use with only four of 16 prescriptions on stickers. Conclusions The stickers were an effective intervention for improving antibiotic stewardship, but one dependent on individual prescribers remembering to use them. In a hospice with continually changing junior staff, the best option may be to change the drug chart to have an antibiotic page to meet the Start Smart then Focus criteria. Further auditing could examine whether the hospice completes the Toolkit’s Secondary Care Prescriber’s Checklist (Public Health England, 2018).
Women’s Professional Lives in Rhetoric & Composition: Choice, Chance, & Serendipity

It seemed like an immense stroke of good fortune when I was asked to review Elizabeth Flynn and Tiffany Bourelle's recent edited collection. As the title suggests, I expected to read about the live...
Aβ-induced synaptic injury is mediated by presynaptic expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in hippocampal neurons

The patterns of Aβ-induced synaptic injury were examined after targeting of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) preferentially to either CA1 or CA3 neurons using Cre-lox technology combined with tetracycline-regulated expression. Both CA1- and CA3-APP-expressing transgenic mouse lines exhibited reduction in long-term potentiation (LTP) only when APP was expressed in neurons presynaptic to the recording site, whereas LTP remained comparable to wild-type mice when APP was expressed in postsynaptic neurons. As quantified by both light and electron microscopy, this orientation-specific impairment in synaptic plasticity was mirrored by synaptic loss in regions receiving axonal inputs from neurons expressing APP. Furthermore, Aβ plaque deposition also occurred only in the postsynaptic axonal fields of APP-expressing neurons. These deficits were reversed not only with doxycycline to inhibit APP expression but also with γ-secretase and Fyn kinase inhibitors, supporting the interpretation that the observed synaptic injury was mediated by Aβ. Taken together, these results demonstrate that APP/Aβ-induced synaptic toxicity is preferentially initiated by signaling of presynaptically expressed APP to the postsynaptic compartment.
Persistent recovery of pancreatic function in patients with cystic fibrosis after ivacaftor

Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), which leads to malabsorption and poor weight gain, is seen in 85% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). EPI is treated with pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy taken with each meal. The highly effective cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator, ivacaftor, restores CFTR function in patients with responsive mutations. It is a widely held view that EPI in CF is irreversible due to the complete destruction of pancreatic ducts and acinar cells. We describe three pediatric CF patients with EPI who were started on ivacaftor, and subsequently showed evidence of restored exocrine pancreatic function with clinical and biochemical parameters.
Extended Models and Design

In this chapter we discuss a variety of problems, including a Stefan system with advection, actuation delay, spherical domains, ISS, and sampled-data design.
Relapsed granulomatosis with polyangiitis with panhypopituitarism

A man in his early 60s with a medical history of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) in remission for two decades without maintenance therapy presented with non-specific complaints of profound fatigue and 40-pound weight loss. He was seronegative for antinuclear antibodies and cytoplasmic antineutrophilic antibodies, but erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C reactive protein levels were elevated. Endocrinological testing revealed adrenal insufficiency, hypogonadism, hypothyroidism and diabetes insipidus. An MRI of the head revealed extensive sinonasal inflammation eroding through the floor of the sella turcica and into the pituitary gland and stalk. Biopsy of the sinonasal tissues was inconclusive. On review of his case, a multidisciplinary team diagnosed him with panhypopituitarism secondary to a recurrence of GPA. He responded well to glucocorticoids and methotrexate with marked reduction of pituitary enhancement on imaging and resolution of diabetes insipidus. He will require lifelong testosterone, levothyroxine and glucocorticoids for hormone replacement therapy.
Biocompatibility pathways and mechanisms for bioactive materials: The bioactivity zone

Abstract This essay analyzes the scientific evidence that forms the basis of bioactive materials, covering the fundamental understanding of bioactivity phenomena and correlation with the mechanisms of biocompatibility of biomaterials. This is a detailed assessment of performance in areas such as bone-induction, cell adhesion, immunomodulation, thrombogenicity and antimicrobial behavior. Bioactivity is the modulation of biological activity by characteristics of the interfacial region that incorporates the material surface and the immediate local host tissue. Although the term ‘bioactive material’ is widely used and has a well understood general meaning, it would be useful now to concentrate on this interfacial region, considered as ‘the bioactivity zone’. Bioactivity phenomena are either due to topographical/micromechanical characteristics, or to biologically active species that are presented in the bioactivity zone. Examples of topographical/micromechanical effects are the modulation of the osteoblast – osteoclast balance, nanotopographical regulation of cell adhesion, and bactericidal nanostructures. Regulation of bioactivity by biologically active species include their influence, especially of metal ions, on signaling pathways in bone formation, the role of cell adhesion molecules and bioactive peptides in cell attachment, macrophage polarization by immunoregulatory molecules and antimicrobial peptides. While much experimental data exists to demonstrate the potential of such phenomena, there are considerable barriers to their effective clinical translation. This essay shows that there is solid scientific evidence of the existence of bioactivity mechanisms that are associated with some types of biomaterials, especially when the material is modified in a manner designed to specifically induce that activity.
Glucose Transporter Expression in Bovine Monocytes

The transition from involution of the mammary gland to lactation exerts substantial glucose demands on the dairy cow to support copious milk synthesis and secretion. Immune dysfunction also occurs at this time, with a concurrent high incidence of periparturient disorders. Macrophages are known to increase during the periparturient period and to have enhanced inflammatory properties. Little is known, however, about how the prioritization of glucose towards the mammary gland affects glucose uptake by macrophages. The objective of this study was to identify glucose transporter expression (GLUT) in bovine monocytes and examine how they alter during lactogenesis and following stimulation with endotoxin.
Overview of the Genetic Counseling Process

When genetic counseling is structured around only a single session, as is often the case, or when the service is seen merely as one in which the genetic counselor’s main focus and expertise is diagnosis, the counseling aspects of genetic counseling may be overlooked or shortchanged. Obviously, the accuracy of genetic counseling requires accurate diagnosis. What has been less obvious is that for the process to be effective, as well as accurate, sufficient time must be arranged for counseling to take place. The counseling process is one that cannot be forced, skimped, or hurried—not if it is to be meaningful.
Adaptive Pen User Interface with Supervised Competitive Learning

An Adaptive user interface for a pen-based educational application and the related technical difficulties are discussed The Supervised Competitive Learning (SCL) model is proposed as a mechanism for a pen-based adaptive user interface. It offers a solution for one of the fundamental problems of using neural for adaptive user interface; the Grossberg's stability-plasticity dilemma.
Analysis of Two Styles of Putting

Abstract Students in two college golf classes for beginners were subjects in a test to discover relative abilities when using the conventional and the croquet styles of putting. Two tests, involving five putts at each of three distances using both styles of clubs, were given. Test A was designed to test the ability of the subjects to properly align putts. Test B involved accurate alignment of putts as well as judgment of the distance to be putted. There was some evidence that the subjects performed more successfully with the croquet putting form.