cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopically assisted Le Fort I osteotomy using an ultrasonic scalpel: a feasibility study in cadavers.

Purpose Drawbacks to conventional Le Fort I osteotomy include bleeding, infection, and relapse. The open approach predisposes itself to each of these complications through various means. We performed an endoscopically assisted Le Fort I osteotomy with an ultrasonic scalpel in cadavers to develop a new technique that minimizes such complications. Materials and Methods Endoscopically assisted Le Fort I osteotomy was performed in 4 fresh adult human cadavers. Two 1-cm gingivobuccal sulcus incisions were used to approach the maxilla. Osteotomies were carried out with an ultrasonic scalpel from within the maxillary sinus under endoscopic visualization after a small antrostomy was made in its anterior wall. The external periosteal sleeve to the maxilla remained intact, eliminating the risk of massive hemorrhage and preserving bony vascularity. A stab incision was made with a 2-mm osteotome above the anterior nasal spine to separate the caudal septum from the Le Fort I segment. Pterygomaxillary disjunction was also performed with classic osteotomes. Disimpaction was completed with minor digital pressure inferiorly. Results Each of the 4 Le Fort I osteotomies was complete, and mobility was checked by manual examination. There was a steep learning curve to the operation, but the final cadaveric dissection took 37 minutes to complete. At no time did the ultrasonic scalpel violate the maxillary periosteum as judged by postoperative direct examination. Discussion This cadaveric study shows the feasibility of an endoscopically assisted Le Fort I osteotomy by use of an ultrasonic scalpel. Further experimental work combined with refinements in technique and equipment will help bring this advancement into clinical application.
ACCELERATED STABILITY TESTS OF MOISTURE‐SENSITIVE PRODUCTS IN PERMEABLE PACKAGES BY PROGRAMMING RATE OF MOISTURE CONTENT INCREASE

A method for accelerated stability tests was developed, which is applicable to isothermal storage of moisture-sensitive dehydrated products packaged in water-vapor-permeable containers. The method does not require prior knowledge of the kinetic model of the effect of moisture on rate of deterioration. The method can be applied to dehydrated products when the index of deterioration [defined as ° - (dc/cn) where c is reactant concentration, and n is the order of reaction] is dependent only on moisture content, which changes continuously during storage. The accelerated tests are based on monitoring quality changes in the product, which undergoes rapid deterioration because of a high, albeit controlled, rate of moisture gain. Theoretical considerations based on kinetic theories indicate that the rate at which the index of deterioration changes at any given moisture content is inversely proportional to the rate of moisture gain. This fact provides a basis for the mathematical procedures of extrapolation and prediction of storage stability of the same product at the same temperature under any given rate of moisture gain. The method successfully predicted the loss of ascorbic acid in stored tomato powder and the extent of browning in dehydrated cabbage.
Numerical analysis of hydrogen transport near a blunting crack tip

Abstract T he hydrogen transport problem is studied in conjunction with large deformation elastic—plastic behavior of a material. Oriani's equilibrium theory is used to relate the hydrogen in traps (micro-structural defects) to concentration in normal interstitial lattice sites (NILS). The resulting non-linear transient hydrogen diffusion equations are integrated using a modified backward Euler method. Coupled diffusion and plastic straining is analysed with this numerical procedure in the area around a blunting crack tip. A uniform NILS concentration as dictated by Sievert's law at the pressure and temperature of interest is used as initial condition throughout the body. The crack is initially blunted by plane strain mode I (tensile) loading. The finite element results show that hydrogen residing at NILS is generally very small in comparison with the population that develops in trapping sites near the crack surface. That is, lattice diffusion delivers the hydrogen but it is predominantly the trapping that determines its distribution at temperatures of interest. The predominance of trapped hydrogen over lattice concentration prevails even in the case when hydrogen migrates under steady state conditions. Hence, the hydrostatic stress effect is less important than traps created by plastic straining as far as the creation of high total hydrogen concentration is concerned. The trapping site locations and the temperature determine the amounts and locations of high hydrogen concentrations. Consequently, ahead of a blunting crack tip, the total hydrogen concentration and plastic strain diminish with distance from the crack tip whereas the hydrostatic stress rises. This would seem to have significant consequences for fractures induced by the presence of hydrogen.
935-34 Special Considerations for Diabetics Receiving Platelet IIb/IIIa Antagonists During Coronary Interventions: Results from the EPIC Trialart

Prior studies in diabetic patients have demonstrated heightened coagulability and platelet aggregability. Likewise. patients with diabetes are known to have an increased rate of restenosis following balloon angioplasty. With potent platelet inhibitors. such as the monoclonal antibody c7E3. both immediate and late adverse events have been shown to decrease in high-risk angioplasty. In the EPIC (Evaluation of c7E3 Fab in Prevention of Ischemic Complications) Trial, we enrolled 506/2099 (24%) patients with diabetes equally to placebo. c7E3 as bolus alone. or c7E3 as bolus and infusion. At 6-month follow-up. clinical restenosis (death, MI, or target vessel revascularization) was assessed. Patients with diabetes who received placebo had the highest (40%) restenosis (figure). Patients with diabetes but who received c7E3 as bolus and infusion had a 36% rate of clinical restenosis (CR). Patients without diabetes had a lower rate of restenosis whether receiving placebo (CR = 33%) or c7E3 (CR = 24%). In regression analysis. diabetes was the only baseline clinical feature associated with an increased event rate (hazard ratio 1.44. P = 0.001). Among patients without diabetes. the relative risk of major bleeding events was 2.6 times higher for those receiving c7E3 compared to placebo (9.9% vs. 3.7%. respectively). This effect was doubled among diabetics (12.9% vs. 2.2%, relative risk = 5.8). In conclusion, these data importantly confirm the higher clinical restenosis among diabetics and demonstrate a marked propensityto major bleeding events among diabetics treated with potent platelet antagonists. Download high-res image (105KB) Download full-size image
Fetal Surgery: Progress and Perspectives

T he first description of open maternal fetal surgery for correction of an anatomic anomaly by Harrison and colleagues [1] was published nearly 30 years ago. At that time, the diagnostic and surgical tools for prenatal treatment of the fetus were just being developed and the concept of the fetus as a patient was the subject of philosophic and ethical debate [2]. Over the past 3 decades, great progress has been made in our ability to diagnose fetal abnormalities, predict their outcome, and to perform surgical interventions when appropriate. The concept of the fetus as a patient has become a standard of care and the ethical framework for maternal fetal intervention is well developed [3]. Although application of open fetal surgery has remained limited to a relatively small number of highly selected fetuses and is practiced in only a few centers, the development of this field has accelerated technological progress in prenatal diagnosis and intervention, led to improved understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of candidate disorders, allowed comprehensive counseling of prospective parents in centers with focused expertise in fetal anomalies, and driven the evolution of less invasive therapeutic approaches. The purpose of this review was to describe the current status of fetal surgical intervention and to speculate regarding future developments in this rapidly evolving field.
Too much of a good thing: increased grey matter in boys with conduct problems and callous-unemotional traits.

It is interesting to consider how far the science of a neural substrate for lack of emotion in driving callous behaviour in boys has progressed. Almost 20 years ago, sufficient controversy surrounded holding a conference on the genetics of criminal behaviour that the meeting was moved from the USA to the UK. Now, there is widespread agreement that—in this context—biology cannot be ignored. Fortunately, though, the progress is not just in tolerance for the field, but also in sophistication of the field. It is now relatively uncommon to see references to the biology or genetics of anti-social behaviour. Rather, the emphasis has switched to the biology of specific forms of emotional disruption that give rise to specific forms of anti-social behaviour. There is no biology of criminal behaviour; given sufficient gain and insignificant cost, we might all offend. (If you were told that by stealing the office pencil you would earn a million dollars, would not you be tempted?) But there is biology with respect to specific forms of dysfunction that increases the propensity for offending behaviour. One form of emotional dysfunction associated with an increased risk for anti-social behaviour is the presence of callous-unemotional traits. Such individuals show markedly reduced guilt, empathy and anxiety. They are more likely to show goal-directed, instrumental, anti-social behaviour; i.e. to use anti-social strategies in order to achieve their goals. Moreover, their offending history typically starts at an early age and continues throughout life. The basic hypothesis that most researchers in the field agree on is that the form of the emotion dysfunction disrupts typical forms of moral socialization. The individual is …
Channel member satisfaction: Controversy resolved

This study investigates the satisfaction-sources of power model of channel member behavior within an industrial channel of distribution. Specifically, the study sought to explain the controversy and inconsistencies found in previous empirical tests of the satisfaction-sources of power model. The results support previous findings that channel member satisfaction is directly related to noncoercive sources of power, and inversely related to coercive sources of power. For the first time franchisors are told what sources of power to manage to increase franchisee satisfaction. And finally, no support was found for French and Raven's classificational scheme for sources of power.
International day-of-the-week effects: An empirical examination of iShares

Abstract Ample evidence suggests that day-of-the-week patterns exist in US and foreign equity returns. We extend the evidence on the day-of-the-week effect in equity returns by examining the return patterns of iShares for 17 countries and Standard and Poor's Depository Receipts (SPDRs) to establish whether previously observed predictabilities in equity returns are reflected in iShares' returns. We utilize a split sample to examine return patterns and develop trading rules using the initial subsample. We then test those trading rules out of sample. Empirical results reveal that iShares exhibit day-of-the-week return patterns that can be exploited by informed traders.
Effect of microstructure and notch root radius on fracture toughness of an aluminum metal matrix composite

Recent results on the effects of matrix aging condition (matrix temper) and notch root radius on the measured fracture toughness of a SiC particulate reinforced aluminum alloy are reviewed. Stress intensity factors at catastrophic fracture were obtained for both underaged and overaged composites reveal. The linear relation found between apparent fracture toughness and the square root of the notch root radius implies a linear dependence of the crack opening displacement on the notch root radius. The results suggest a strain controlled fracture process, and indicate that there are differences in the fracture micromechanisms of the two aging conditions.
On Robust Parametric Dynamic Output Feedback

This paper presents a new and unified treatment of feedback control for linear multivariable time-invariant systems, using reduced-order dynamic output feedback to recover state feedback properties. A set of free design parameters are effectively exploited in achieving desirable performance tradeoffs, through solving Lyapunov-like matrix equations.
Pulsed ion beam annealing of TiAu alloys

The formation of amorphous TiAu alloys is investigated using pulsed ion beam annealing (PIBA). The samples consist of thin multilayers of Ti and Au. It is found that samples with compositions in a two-phase region of the TiAu phase diagram can be rendered amorphous whereas those with compositions corresponding to congruently melting compounds can not. The results suggest that metallic glass formation induced by pulsed ion beam annealing involves melt-quenching. A comparison between ion mixing proccsses and pulsed ion beam annealing is also made. Nous avons etudie la formation d'alliages amorphes TiAu recuits par faisceau ionique pulse. Les echantillons sont composes de films minces multicouches de Ti et Au. Nous avons observie que les films dont la composition entre dans une region biphasee du diagramme de phases peuvent denir amorphes alors que ceux dont la composition coincide avec un point de liquefaction con-gruente restent cristallins. Ces resultats suggerent que la formation de verres metalliques par faisceau ionique pulse impliqne une hypertrempe. Finalement, une comparaison est faite entre les procedes de mixage ionique et de recuit par faisceau d'ions pulse.
Seebeck Effect Fluctuations in Germanium

Fluctuations in the Seebeck effect or thermoelectric power of germanium single crystals have been observed. The Seebeck noise power spectrum varies as reciprocal frequency and may be quantitatively predicted from current-noise measurements. Carrier density fluctuations responsible for $\frac{1}{f}$ noise are also the source of Seebeck noise. The present results indicate that carrier fluctuations having a $\frac{1}{f}$ spectrum persist even in the absence of net dc current flow. Seebeck noise is also observed in low-noise specimens having nonohmic, noisy electrodes.
Light controls phospholipase A2α and β gene expression in Citrus sinensis.

The low-molecular weight secretory phospholipase A2alpha (CssPLA2alpha) and beta (CsPLA2beta) cloned in this study exhibited diurnal rhythmicity in leaf tissue of Citrus sinensis. Only CssPLA2alpha displayed distinct diurnal patterns in fruit tissues. CssPLA2alpha and CsPLA2beta diurnal expression exhibited periods of approximately 24 h; CssPLA2alpha amplitude averaged 990-fold in the leaf blades from field-grown trees, whereas CsPLA2beta amplitude averaged 6.4-fold. Diurnal oscillation of CssPLA2alpha and CsPLA2beta gene expression in the growth chamber experiments was markedly dampened 24 h after transfer to continuous light or dark conditions. CssPLA2alpha and CsPLA2beta expressions were redundantly mediated by blue, green, red and red/far-red light, but blue light was a major factor affecting CssPLA2alpha and CsPLA2beta expression. Total and low molecular weight CsPLA2 enzyme activity closely followed diurnal changes in CssPLA2alpha transcript expression in leaf blades of seedlings treated with low intensity blue light (24 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). Compared with CssPLA2alpha basal expression, CsPLA2beta expression was at least 10-fold higher. Diurnal fluctuation and light regulation of PLA2 gene expression and enzyme activity in citrus leaf and fruit tissues suggests that accompanying diurnal changes in lipophilic second messengers participate in the regulation of physiological processes associated with phospholipase A2 action.
Spinal cholinergic and monoaminergic receptors mediate descending inhibition from the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis and gigantocellularis pars alpha in the rat

Abstract Focal electrical stimulation and glutamate microinjection in the nuclei reticularis gigantocellularis (NGC) and gigantocellularis pars alpha (NGCα) both inhibit the nociceptive tail-flick (TF) reflex in rats. The present experiments were undertaken to determine the transmitter(s) at the level of the lumbar spinal cord mediating descending inhibition of the TF reflex produced by activation of the NGC/NGCα. Intrathecal administration of atropine (7.2–57.6 nmol) produced a dose-dependent increase in the electrical stimulation threshold required for inhibition of the TF reflex. Phentolamine (47.2 or 94.4 nmol) and methysergide (32 or 64 nmol) also increased the stimulation threshold significantly, but only at the greater doses. Neither naloxone (27.5 or 55 nmol) nor mecamylamine (49.1 or 98.2 nmol) affected stimulation thresholds for inhibition of the TF reflex. Stimulation at threshold intensities for inhibition did not change the blood pressure significantly at most sites of stimulation in the NGC/NGCα (25/39). Intrathecal administration of atropine, phentolamine or methysergide did not affect resting blood pressure or changes associated with stimulation in most cases, although inhibition of the TF reflex by stimulation in the NGC/NGCα was affected consistently by these pretreatments. Similarly, glutamate (100 nmol, 0.5 μl/1.5 min) microinjection produced a short-lasting inhibition (4.63 ± 0.70min, n = 19) of the TF reflex. Glutamate microinjection produced both pressor and depressor effects which were not affected by intrathecal pretreatment. Inhibition of the TF reflex by glutamate was attenuated significantly by intrathecal pretreatment with atropine, scopolamine, phentolamine and methysergide, but not naloxone or mecamylamine. These findings suggest that either a descending or local spinal cholinergic system, together with descending serotonergic and noradrenergic systems, are involved in the centrifugal inhibition of spinal nociceptive transmission from the NGC/NGCα.
Influence of Surface Texture on Micro EHL in Boundary Regime Sliding

A hard steel ball was slid against textured coated and uncoated steel disks that had strongly directionally ground surfaces. The friction coefficient during ball-on-disk rotating low-speed lubricated sliding was continuously measured. The coefficient of friction rose from ≈ 0.12, which is typical for boundary lubrication regime, to as high as 0.45 whenever the ball was sliding parallel to the grinding ridges on the disc surface. The persistence of this “spike” in the friction was observed to be correlated with the hardness of the disc surface and the nature of the coating. We propose that the frictional spike is due to loss of micro-elastohydrodynamic lubrication, combined with side leakage, leading to intimate asperity-asperity contact. As a result, the coefficient of friction is close to that which is obtained there is no or minimal lubrication. This conclusion is supported by enhanced and persistent frictional spikes in tests conducted with discs coated with a very hard nitride thin film, and constant friction for a disk coated with hydrogenated amorphous carbon, which has low coefficient of friction when there is no/minimal lubrication.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Intramedullary spinal melanocytoma

Meningeal melanocytoma is a benign lesion arising from leptomeningeal melanocytes that at times can mimic its malignant counterpart, melanoma. Lesions of the spine usually occur in extramedullary locations and present with spinal cord compression symptoms. Because most reported spinal cases occur in the thoracic region, these symptoms usually include lower extremity weakness or numbness. The authors present a case of primary intramedullary spinal meningeal melanocytoma presenting with bilateral lower extremity symptoms in which the patient had no known supratentorial primary lesions. Gross total surgical resection allowed for full recovery, but early recurrence of tumor was detected on close follow-up monitoring, allowing for elective local radiation without loss of neurological function. Case reports of such tumors discuss different treatment strategies, but just as important is the close follow-up monitoring in these patients even after gross total surgical resection, since these tumors can recur.
Paleoecological patterns at the Hadar hominin site, Afar Regional State, Ethiopia

Abstract Reconstructing paleoecological patterns associated with hominin taxa, such as Australopithecus afarensis, is important for understanding possible evolutionary mechanisms involved in extinction and speciation events. It is critical to identify local, regional, or pan-African causal factors because patterns at these different levels may affect separate populations of the same species of hominin in unique ways. Habitat reconstructions of 12 submembers of the Hadar and Busidima formations (∼ 3.8–2.35 Ma) are presented here along with faunal differences in these submembers through time. Habitats with medium density tree and bush cover dominated the landscape through much of the earlier time period in the Hadar Formation. The lowermost Sidi Hakoma Member is the most closed habitat. The Denen Dora Member shows the influence of frequent floodplain edaphic grasslands with high abundances of reducin bovids. There is an influx of ungulates in the Kada Hadar Member (∼3.2–∼2.96 Ma) that indicates a more arid habitat populated by mammals that were recovered from earlier deposits further south in Ethiopia and Kenya. In the younger deposits from the Busidima Formation at Hadar, the landscape was open wooded grassland with some floodplain environments. The fossil assemblages from the Busidima Formation show a substantial species turnover. Although high numbers of A. afarensis specimens are associated with the lower Sidi Hakoma Member, they clearly inhabited a variety of habitats throughout the entire Hadar Formation. Australopithecus afarensis from Laetoli through Hadar times appears to have been a eurytopic species.
Understanding Interfirm Relationships in Business Ecosystems with Interactive Visualization

Business ecosystems are characterized by large, complex, and global networks of firms, often from many different market segments, all collaborating, partnering, and competing to create and deliver new products and services. Given the rapidly increasing scale, complexity, and rate of change of business ecosystems, as well as economic and competitive pressures, analysts are faced with the formidable task of quickly understanding the fundamental characteristics of these interfirm networks. Existing tools, however, are predominantly query- or list-centric with limited interactive, exploratory capabilities. Guided by a field study of corporate analysts, we have designed and implemented dotlink360, an interactive visualization system that provides capabilities to gain systemic insight into the compositional, temporal, and connective characteristics of business ecosystems. dotlink360 consists of novel, multiple connected views enabling the analyst to explore, discover, and understand interfirm networks for a focal firm, specific market segments or countries, and the entire business ecosystem. System evaluation by a small group of prototypical users shows supporting evidence of the benefits of our approach. This design study contributes to the relatively unexplored, but promising area of exploratory information visualization in market research and business strategy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Water Soluble Block Copolymers for pH-Sensitive Delivery

A novel, water-soluble AB-block copolymer of diethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DEAEM) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was synthesized by anionic polymerization. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether (PEGME) was converted into the corresponding potassium salt by reacting with potassium metal. The PEG salt was used as a macroinitiator for the polymerization of DEAEM to yield a PEG-b-PDEAEM block copolymer. Carbon dioxide was used to terminate DEAEM polymerization with a carboxylic acid group. This polymer, loaded with dye, was tested for pH sensitivity by release studies into solutions of various pH.
Why did they not visit? Examining structural constraints to visit Kafue National Park, Zambia

Wildlife and natural amenities are major attractions at Kafue National Park (KNP) in Zambia. Although there has been an increase in visitation over the past few years, the current volume is low compared with its size and slightly skewed towards domestic visitors. The objective of this study was to examine what prevents visitation to KNP. Based on the adaptation of the leisure constraints model, this study examined structural constraints between international and domestic visitors in Zambia. On-site intercept surveys were conducted at two international airports and accommodations in various regions of the country. International visitors were more likely to perceive personal structural constraints (i.e. fear of personal safety, not enough time, and the lack of interest with travel companion or group) and environmental structural constraints (i.e. not enough quality lodges and camps, lack of available information about the park and unsuitable weather conditions). Domestic visitors were more likely to perceiv...
Specific hydrolysis of rabbit globin messenger RNA by S1 nuclease

S1 nuclease isolated from Aspergillus oryzae has been used to investigate the secondary structure of rabbit globin messenger RNA (mRNA). The enzyme, which is specific for single stranded nucleotides, digests globin mRNA to a limited extent, with 65-75% of the mRNA nucleotides resistant to digestion under mild conditions. This limited digestion is not due to enzyme inactivation, but rather to the normal activity of the single-strand nuclease. The reaction was studied as a function of temperature, salt and enzyme concentration. Analysis of the products of digestion on 20% acrylamide- 7M urea slab gels reveals a stable pattern of unique fragments ranging in size from 9 to 71 nucleotides. Separated alpha and beta globin mRNAs show similar, but not identical gel patterns, indicating strong structural similarities between the two species. The high degree of nuclease resistance, along with the fragment patterns seen on polyacrylamide gels, gives evidence to support a model of rabbit globin mRNA which contain specific, rather than random, helical structure.
Amino acid substitutions at positions 207 and 221 contribute to catalytic differences between murine glutathione S-transferase Al-1 and A2-2 toward (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9, 10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene.

We have previously identified a novel Alpha class murine glutathione (GSH) S-transferase isoenzyme (designated mGSTAl-2) which is exceptionally efficient in catalyzing the GSH conjugation of (+)-anti-7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene [(+)-anti-BPDE], the ultimate carcinogen of widespread environmental pollutant benzo[a]pyrene. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the Al-type subunit of this isoenzyme is significantly more active toward (+)-anti-BPDE than the other subunit (mGSTA2). To establish the basis for catalytic differences between mGSTAl and mGSTA2, which differ in their primary structures by 10 amino acids [distributed in three sections (I−III) as clusters of two (residues 65 and 95), three (residues 157, 162, and 169), and five (residues 207, 213, 218, 221, and 222) amino acids], three chimeric enzymes were expressed and tested for their activity toward (+)-anti-BPDE. These studies revealed that amino acid substitution(s) in section III determined the high catalytic act...
Nearly balanced incomplete block designs

Abstract : A class of nearly balanced incomplete block designs is defined. This extends the concept of regular graph designs of John and Mitchell (1977) to the unequally replicated case. Some necessary conditions on the existence of such designs are derived. Methods of construction are given for some special cases. For five or six varieties, the 'best' nearly balanced incomplete block designs and their efficiencies are tabulated. (Author)
The impact of anorexia nervosa on bone health

Abstract Adolescence is a critical period for the development of peak bone mass and is influenced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Anorexia nervosa (AN), the third most common chronic illness among adolescent girls, can compromise bone accretion during these formative years, resulting in both early osteoporosis and an increased fracture risk. The bone loss that is seen is multi-factorial and mechanisms that lead to skeletal losses in this young group represent an area of active research. Therapeutic strategies to prevent bone loss in affected young women is also an area of both controversy and investigation. The evaluation of bone mass is young adolescents with AN is reviewed in the context of limitations of current measurement tools. Results from recent clinical studies are also discussed, as well as a multi-disciplinary approach to ongoing outpatient management.
A multidelay whitening approach to blind identification and equalization of SIMO channels

Blind channel estimation and blind equalization of single-input multiple-output communications channels is considered using only the second-order statistics of the data. Estimation of (partial) channel impulse response and design of finite-length minimum mean-square error blind equalizers is investigated. The basis of the approach is the design of multiple zero-forcing equalizers that whiten the noise-free data at multiple delays. In the past such an approach has been considered using just one zero-forcing equalizer at zero-delay. Infinite-impulse response channels are allowed. The proposed approach also works when the "subchannel" transfer functions have common zeros so long as the common zeros are minimum-phase zeros. The channel length or model orders need not be known. Three illustrative simulation examples using 4-QAM and 16-QAM signals are provided where the proposed approach is compared with several existing approaches.
Containerless processing of single crystals in low-G environment

Experiments on containerless crystal growth from the melt were conducted during Skylab missions SL3 and SL4 (Skylab Experiment M-560). Six samples of InSb were processed, one of them heavily doped with selenium. The concept of the experiment is discussed and related to general crystal growth methods and their merits as techniques for containerless processing in space. The morphology of the crystals obtained is explained in terms of volume changes associated with solidification and wetting conditions during solidification. All samples exhibit extremely well developed growth facets. Analysis by X-ray topographical methods and chemical etching shows that the crystals are of high structural perfection. Average dislocation density as revealed by etching is of the order of 100 per sq cm; no dislocation clusters could be observed in the space-grown samples. A sequence of striations that is observed in the first half of the selenium-doped sample is explained as being caused by periodic surface breakdown.
Plasma prostaglandin metabolite levels after use of prostaglandin E2 gel for cervical ripening.

Abstract An ideal agent for cervical ripening should produce an increase in cervical scores without stimulating myometrial contractions. Currently used methods of preinduction ripening with prostaglandin E 2 are frequently associated with contractions, limiting their use in high-risk patients. To discriminate between a direct effect of absorbed prostaglandin E 2 and a triggering of the intrinsic mechanisms of labor, we measured circulating levels of stable metabolites of prostaglandin E 2 and prostaglandin F 2α . Prostaglandin E 2 gel insertion followed by a rise in prostaglandin E 2 metabolite but not prostaglandin F 2α metabolite implies that contractions are secondary to absorbed prostaglandin E 2 .
Effects of vasopressin on the water and ionic composition of toad bladder epithelial cells.

Isolated sheets of epithelial cells as well as epithelial cells scraped from paired hemibladders mounted in chambers both showed significant increases in water, sodium and chloride contents after exposure to vasopressin (100 mU/ml), without any change in potassium content. In the isolated cells these changes were prevented by amiloride (10−5m), suggesting that the gain of sodium after vasopressin occurs across the mucosal membrane. This hypothesis was confirmed in experiments in which it was found that, in hemibladders mounted in chambers and bathed on their mucosal surface by sodium Ringer's with24Na, the gains of chemical sodium and24Na after vasopressin were equivalent.
New presentation of alpha heavy chain disease: North American polypoid gastrointestinal lymphoma. Clinical and cellular studies

Alpha Heavy Chain Disease has generally been described in the Mediterranean area in young people with a diffuse gastrointestinal lymphoma and malabsorption. We describe a patient from the United States with polypoid lymphoma of the gastrointestinal tract and a prolonged clinical course, who had the characteristic alpha heavy chain disease protein. He did not have malabsorption, and the gastrointestinal tract, though containing multiple discrete lymphomatous polyps had little plasmacytic reaction. Lymphosarcoma cell leukemia developed late in the course and the malignant cells had the characteristics of B lymphocytes but did not contain alpha heavy chains. The data support the contention that the lymphoma in this form of alpha heavy chain disease may involve B lymphocytes but that the abnormal protein may be produced by other cells. Polypoid varieties of gastrointestinal lymphoma in North America must now be considered part of the spectrum of alpha heavy chain disease and the diagnostic protein searched for diligently.
Design of chemical plants with multiregime capabilities and robust dynamic operability characteristics

Abstract Most chemical plants go through various steady-state regimes during their operation mainly due to economic reasons dictated by changing plant conditions. If the dynamics of such plants are not considered at the design stage, such a flexible operation may not be possible because of operational bottlenecks at certain optimal steady-state regimes. This study dwells on the possibility of improving such process designs to guarantee dynamically operable regimes based on the stability and performance robustness concepts. A two-state optimization procedure is proposed that constitutes the backbone of a computer-aided design strategy.
Fluorescence of CF3* radicals

Abstract Pulsed VUV radiation forms CF 3 * via the reaction CF 3 Br + hv (121 nm) → CF 3 * + Br. The two fluorescence transitions, near 250 and 600 nm, are seen to be allowed transitions with time constants of 12 ± 3 and 18 ± 3 ns, respectively. These time constants and also quenching with nitrogen show that the two emitting states are different.
Psychologic Interventions for Chronic Pain

As a biopsychosocial understanding of chronic pain has become more sophisticated during recent decades, a variety of psychologically based treatment approaches have been developed and empirically validated for helping people better manage their pain. These approaches to pain management have much to offer persons with chronic pain in terms of enhancing quality of life and pain-related coping, as well as reducing disability and pain-related interference with functioning. Although some treatments, like hypnotic analgesia, may require referral to a specialized provider, several of the principles of other psychologically based treatment approaches for pain management (eg, operant behavioral therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing) can easily be integrated into work with persons with pain in a rehabilitation setting. Rehabilitation providers who are interested in incorporating these treatment strategies into their clinical work who do not have prior exposure to these approaches are encouraged to review the suggested references and to seek out related training opportunities.
Photoionization cross-sections for atomic orbitals with random and fixed spatial orientation

Abstract Atomic photoionization subshell cross-sections and asymmetry parameters necessary for determining the differential cross-sections of randomly-oriented atoms have been calculated within the one-electron, central-potential model and the dipole approximation for all subshells of C, O, Al, Si, S, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Se, In, Sb, Cs, Ba, Ce, Ta, W, Pt, Au, and Pb for a photon energy range from 20 to 1500 eV, and the relevant Cooper minima located to within 10 eV. These values are tabulated for general use, together with the associated radial matrix elements and phase shifts. Differential photoionization cross-sections for fixed-orientation s- , p- and d -orbitals have also been derived within the same model for a completely general experimental geometry, and closed-form expressions depending on radial matrix elements and phase shifts are given. For the special geometry of a polarized excitation source with polarization parallel to the electron emission direction, it is further shown that such oriented-atom cross-sections are exactly proportional to the probability distribution of the initial orbital, a result equivalent to that derived by using a plane-wave final-state approximation. However, detailed numerical calculations of cross-sections for oriented Cu 3 d and O 2 p orbitals in various general geometries and at various energies exhibit significant differences in comparison to plane-wave cross-sections. By contrast, certain prior angular-resolved X-ray photoemission studies of single-crystal valence bands are found to have been carried out in an experimental geometry that fortuitously gave cross-sections close to the plane-wave predictions.
Equatorial F-region ion density morphology from satellite measurements

Abstract All satellite ion composition measurements available from satellites that traversed the low-latitude F-region can be combined into a common data set indexed to dip latitude, local time, longitude, time of year, and altitude, as well as geomagnetic and solar indices. Through binning, the data can be used to explore spatial variations of the most prominent F-region ion species. For the minor species of molecular ions O + 2 and NO + in the lower ionosphere, the available data are extensive enough to provide some snapshots of the average spatial morphology of the ion composition and variance through all phases of the solar cycle, but there are significant altitudinal gaps in data coverage when sorted on solar activity. This binned data set provides a useful tool to explore the low-latitude ionosphore. Examples are given of some binned data sorts demonstrating global trends, the appearance of ionospheric layers, and equatorial anomaly structures in the ensemble of measurements. The effect of chemical control of molecular ion concentrations is seen by the presence of latitudinal bulges in NO + within the main F-layer, and scatter in the measurements provides evidence for latitude-dependent variability in the nightside ionosphere resulting from electrodynamic and instability processes.
Levels of cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in sea urchin gametes and embryos during the first cell division.

Summary The levels of protein kinase activity in the gametes of the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus were determined on a per sperm and per egg basis. The levels of protein kinase were also determined in sea urchin embryos through the first cell cycle following fertilization. The enzyme activity, which decreased the first 5 min, increased rapidly during the S phase of the cell cycle but decreased during metaphase and cell division. The timing of the fluctuation was constant with different substrates, although the magnitude of the activity varied. The periodic change in protein kinase levels may be correlated with histone phosphorylation or tubulin polymerization.
Phasing of cell division by temperature cycles in Euglena cultured autotrophically under continuous illumination.

Autotrophic cultures of Euglena in continuous light (LL) were exposed to temperature cycles spanning different temperature intervals in the physiological range. Each cycle consisted of a regular alternation between equal phases of two temperatures differing by 7°. Different temperature combinations varied in the degree to which they were capable of phasing cell division. The most effective combinations tested, 18/25° and 28/35°, produced almost as good a synchrony as has been observed from the use of light/dark cycles (at constant temperature) in this system. Both batch and chemostat cultures with a wide range of generation times were phased, and cycles with period lengths ranging from 8 to 24 hr appeared to be equally effective.
When is a “KO” OK? Capitalizing on existing knowledge structures to facilitate pre-training transfer

Abstract Emerging research on training suggests that cognitive and adaptive approaches to training design can facilitate the “pre-training transfer” of trainees' relevant knowledge and skills to the training context. Little empirical work has tested this notion, in part, because of a weak theoretical base and inadequately developed testable hypotheses. This article reviews instructional and cognitive research and proposes that training effectiveness is a function of the correspondence between training treatments (e.g., discovery, remedial, didactic) and the nature of the overlap between trainees' pre-training knowledge structures and training's target knowledge structures. We identify 5 different types of overlap that influence the selection, and subsequent effectiveness, of training treatments: congruence, unrelatedness, conflict, over-generality or over-specificity.
Removal of Ungrafted Monomer from Polypropylene-Graft-Maleic Anhydride via Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction

The removal of spent initiator, excess initiator and unbound monomer from newly synthesized polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) has typically been carried out using Soxhlet extraction. Standard solvents used in the Soxhlet process are xylene, toluene, acetone or methanol. These chemicals are not only hazardous to some degree, but also lead to undesirable maleic anhydride (MA) ring opening. This paper establishes that supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) extraction of residuals prevents anhydride ring opening and eliminates the need for post-extraction vacuum-drying of the copolymer product. An added benefit of this innovative process is that environmentally friendly carbon dioxide (CO2) is used in place of harmful solvents. The successful extraction of the residuals is established by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), whereas FTIR spectroscopy is used to compare the anhydride content of Soxhlet-extracted PP-g-MA to that of scCO2-extracted copolymer. Polym. Eng. Sci. 44:1636–1641, 2004. © 2004 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Density of states and the electronic specific heat: Palladium

Abstract By a non-random trial and error procedure, density-of-states functions are calculated for palladium which yield the experimentally determined electronic specific heat. We find that considerable structure is required in this function in the chemical potential energy region. We conclude, however, that palladium's electronic specific heat and paramagnetic susceptibility cannot be fitted with the same density of states function.
Bennie Zak, PhD (September 29, 1919–July 29, 2005)

Dr. Bennie Zak, whose career spanned the entire 50-year history of Clinical Chemistry , was a pioneer in our field and a beloved professor at Wayne State University School of Medicine, where he taught for more than 50 years. Bennie Zak was the second of 4 children born to Lithuanian immigrant parents. His mother wanted him to be named Bernard, but with her thick accent it sounded like Bennie to the doctor at the Women’s Hospital in Detroit, Michigan, so Bennie it was. After graduating from high school, Bennie was unable to afford college tuition, so he sold books to burlesque performers in Detroit while he tried to decide between boxing and comedy as career paths. The US Army Air Corps made his decision for him by drafting him in 1943. The Army trained Bennie as a navigator, an irony never lost on those of us who traveled—and became hopelessly lost—with him. When we reminded him of his training as a navigator, he countered that he was trained to navigate by the stars. I once opened my sunroof and said, “So navigate!” Bennie simply stated that the stars were different over Europe, where he had done his flying. That response was so typically Bennie: brief and to the point. Anything else would have been superfluous information and therefore not worth spending time on. Bennie spent 16 months as a prisoner of war and was awarded the Purple Heart for injuries sustained in an exploding aircraft. On receiving his honorable discharge and after a prolonged 2-week courtship, he proposed to and later married Doris Selby in 1946. Bennie and Doris became the proud parents of Steven, …
The Measurement of Apolipoprotein A-I and A-II Levels in Men and Women by Immunoassay

To study apolipoprotein A-II, a simple, precise, and accurate immunodiffusion assay was developed and applied in a population sample of industrial employees. Apolipoprotein A-II (A-II) did not increase with age in men (r = -0.20, n = 172), but showed a slight increase with age in women (0.1 mg/dl per yr, r = 0.20, n = 188). A-II correlated significantly with apolipoprotein A-I (A-I) (r = 0.71) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (men, r = 0.64; women, r = 0.49). The A-I/A-II ratio was significantly related to HDL cholesterol (men, r = 0.29; women, r = 0.44). Women on no medication (n = 92) had A-II levels similar to men (34+/-5 and 33+/-5 mg/dl, mean+/-SD, respectively), whereas women on oral contraceptives or estrogens had significantly higher levels (39+/-6 mg/dl, n = 75, P < 0.01). The plasma A-I/A-II weight ratio was 3.6+/-0.4 for men and 3.8+/-0.5 for women. In the d = 1.10-1.21 subfraction, both males and females had similar A-I, A-II, and HDL cholesterol levels (men: mean, 97, 27, and 32 mg/dl, respectively; women: mean, 104, 28, and 36 mg/dl, respectively). Women had approximately twice the amount of A-I, A-II, and HDL cholesterol than men in the d = 1.063-1.10 fraction (men: mean, 10, 2, and 10 mg/dl, respectively; women: mean, 24, 4, and 19 mg/dl, respectively). The A-I/A-II weight ratio in the d = 1.063-1.10 fraction (men, 5.1+/-0.7; women, 6.1+/-1.3) was significantly greater (P < 0.01) than that in the d = 1.10-1.21 fraction (men, 3.7+/-0.2; women, 3.8+/-0.2). Furthermore, the weight ratio of cholesterol to total apoprotein A in the d = 1.063-1.10 fraction (men, 0.75+/-0.09; women, 0.67+/-0.05) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that found in the d = 1.10-1.21 fraction (men, 0.26+/-0.04, women, 0.28+/-0.05). Thus, the compositions of HDL hydrated density subclasses are significantly different from each other. These results suggest that the differences in HDL between men and women are due primarily to differences in the relative proportions of HDL subclasses rather than to the intrinsic differences in HDL structure.
Evaluation of an insulin-like growth factor I-based growth hormone dosing regimen for children with short stature.

Evaluation of an insulin-like growth factor I-based growth hormone dosing regimen for children with short stature
The kinetics of binding of serum lipoproteins by immobilized heparin.

Abstract A model arterial system of heparin immobilized on an agarose gel was used to study the amount and kinetics of binding of porcine serum lipoproteins to heparin. Binding occurred to lipoproteins in the density range 1.006 Extrapolation of these results to arterial levels of glycosaminoglycans and lipoprotein indicate that complexes of lipoprotein and the glycosaminoglycans could account for much of the cholesterol entrapment in atherosclerotic lesions.