cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Misuse of Regulations, Standards and Acceptable Practice in Ambulation-Safety Analysis

In United States jurisprudence, Reasonable Certainty is one of the criteria for the admissibility of expert opinion in litigation. One element of establishing Reasonable Certainty can be that the opinion comports with a code requirement, a voluntary-consensus standard, a handbook reference or, in their absence, with Acceptable Practice. From there, and importantly, that the claimed requirement, standard or practice is causally related to the accident under analysis. A key element in using a code, standard, or handbook reference in the Reasonably-Certain rubric is that all substantive elements, including temporality, must be met. The key elements in showing that something comports with Acceptable Practice are, in addition to the elements listed above, that the Acceptable Practice in fact exists beyond the imagination of the interested expert. Ignoring any of these elements, often deliberately, turns what should be dispositively significant elements of litigation into a meaningless check-box item. It has been my experience that many forensic practitioners simply ignore all this, citing for-one-reason-or-another irrelevant code and standards in their desire to give the work the appearance of a mantle of authority. That this is inappropriate is hopefully obvious.
Polyamine elevation and nitrogen stress are toxic hallmarks of chronic sleep loss in Drosophila melanogaster

Chronic sleep loss profoundly impacts health in ways coupled to metabolism; however, much existing literature links sleep and metabolism only on acute timescales. To explore the impact of chronically reduced sleep, we conducted unbiased metabolomics on heads from three Drosophila short-sleeping mutants. Common features included elevated ornithine and polyamines; and lipid, acyl-carnitine, and TCA cycle changes suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Biochemical studies of overall, circulating, and excreted nitrogen in sleep mutants demonstrate a specific defect in eliminating nitrogen, suggesting that elevated polyamines may function as a nitrogen sink. Both supplementing polyamines and inhibiting their synthesis with RNAi regulated sleep in control flies. Finally, both polyamine-supplemented food and high-protein feeding were highly toxic to sleep mutants, suggesting their altered nitrogen metabolism is maladaptive. Together, our results suggest polyamine accumulation specifically, and nitrogen stress in general, as potential mechanisms linking chronic sleep loss to adverse health outcomes.
Some characters of orthogonal groups over the field of two elements

Let G n , or G denote the (2n+1)-dimensional orthogonal group 02n+1(2) over the field F 2 of two elements, which is isomorphic with the symplectic group Sp2n (2), let A n or A and B n or B denote the maximal full orthogonal subgroups 02n (2, −) and 02n (2, +) of G n , and let A′ n or A′ and B′ n or B′ denote the subgroups of A n or B n of of index 2 which are simple commutator subgroups (with the exception of B′2 of order 36). Let 1 A G and 1 A −G denote the characters of G induced by the trivial 1-character l A of A and by the alternating character ī A of A whose value is +1 in the subgroup A′ and −1 in its second coset A′τ. Let A n ∩ B n = D n or D, and A′ n ∩ B′ n = D′ n or D′ Then D′ n is isomorphic with G n −1 and has index 4 n (4 n −1)/2 in G n . We denote certain factors of this index by a n = 2 n +1, b n = 2 n − 1.
An Experimental Analysis of Robinson-Foulds Distance Matrix Algorithms

In this paper, we study two fast algorithms--HashRF and PGM-Hashed--for computing the Robinson-Foulds (RF) distance matrix between a collection of evolutionary trees. The RF distance matrix represents a tremendous data-mining opportunity for helping biologists understand the evolutionary relationships depicted among their trees. The novelty of our work results from using a variety of different architecture- and implementation-independent measures (i.e., percentage of bipartition sharing, number of bipartition comparisons, and memory usage) in addition to CPU time to explore practical algorithmic performance. Overall, our study concludes that HashRF performs better across the various performance measures than its competitor, PGM-Hashed. Thus, the HashRF algorithm provides scientists with a fast approach for understanding the evolutionary relationships among a set of trees.
Some Aspects of Turbulence in Geophysical Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses turbulence in geophysical systems, particularly atmospheric and oceanographic systems. It gives a background discussion of turbulence in homogeneous and nonrotating fluids, so a prior knowledge of turbulence theory is not required. Large-scale, quasi-horizontal motions in oceans and atmosphere involve eddies with horizontal dimensions as large or larger than l0 8 cm, and these eddies are sometimes considered elements of a turbulent geophysical system. Eddies this large are strongly influenced by the rotation of the earth and this chapter does not consider rotation except insofar as it affects the properties of the planetary boundary layers in the atmosphere and oceans. This slighting of rotation is a major restriction, but much of the emphasis is on applications of laboratory investigations of turbulent systems in which density variations are of paramount importance, but rotation effects are absent. The chapter highlights that the interpretations of these experimental measurements are often controversial, but they are nevertheless useful in acquiring the rudiments of an understanding of the dynamics of the lower layers of the atmosphere and the upper layers of lakes and oceans.
American Conspiracy Theories

Preface 1. Introduction 2. But is it true? 3. Where our facts come from 4. Who are the conspiracy theorists? 5. The ages of conspiracy 6. Conspiracy theories are for losers 7. Conclusion
(E,Z)‐1‐Methoxy‐2‐methyl‐3‐(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐pentadiene

[72486-93-2] C10H20O2Si (MW 200.39) InChI = 1S/C10H20O2Si/c1-7-10(9(2)8-11-3)12-13(4,5)6/h7-8H,1-6H3/b9-8+,10-7- InChIKey = SSGAQVOLXCOJGN-AZRUORMVSA-N (highly functionalized diene used for a variety of [4 + 2] reactions including Diels–Alder and hetero-Diels–Alder reactions) Physical Data: bp 83–85 °C/22 mmHg. Preparative Method: prepared in multigram quantities as a colorless or slightly yellow liquid from 3-pentanone and ethyl formate via a three-step procedure (ca. 40% overall yield).1 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: easily hydrolyzed but may be stored indefinitely under anhydrous conditions at 0 °C.
A review of permineralized Euramerican Carboniferous tree ferns

Abstract Anatomically preserved vegetative and fertile features of the extinct fern family Psaroniaceae (Marattiales) are discussed. Lower Pennsylvanian stem fossils are monocyclic distichous siphonosteles, whereas younger stems are polycyclic siphonosteles with a prominent root mantle. The histology and phyllotaxis of stems are reliable characters when described from the same level of the stems. Structurally preserved fertile foliage is divided into 7 genera, of which 4 are monotypic, 2 ditypic, and one contains 26 species. This disparity in species distribution is due to inconsistent generic circumscription. Some genera are circumscribed by features of the synangium alone ( Scolecopteris, Eoangiopteris, Sturiella, Acaulangium ), while others employ foliar, synangial, and spore characteristics ( Grandeuryella, Acitheca, Araiangium ). The fertile foliage Scolecopteris has 26 species divided into 4 groups (Alta, Latifolia, Minor, and Oliveri). Several of these informal species groups may be monophyletic and deserve generic status. Acaulangium is shown to be distinct from Scolecopteris , and congeneric with Sturiella. Grandeuryella synangial attachment is similar to the extant marattialean, Angiopteris , and is not clearly different from Acaulangium ( Sturiella ). Spore-wall layering and ornamentation is discussed, and the problem of identifying characters of generic significance is addressed throughout this review.
Inactivation of the Murine Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (Pdha1) Gene and Its Effect on Early Embryonic Development

A deficiency of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) in humans results in lactic acidosis and neurological dysfunction that frequently results in death during infancy. Using gene targeting technology, a silent mutation was introduced into the murine X-linked Pdha1 gene that encodes the alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase or E1 component of the complex. Two loxP sequences were introduced into intronic sequences flanking exon 8 to generate the Pdha1(flox8) allele. In vitro studies in embryonic stem cells demonstrated that deletion of exon 8 ablated PDC activity. Homozygous Pdha1(flox8) females were bred with male mice carrying a wild-type Pdha1 allele and a transgene that ubiquitously expresses the Cre recombinase to produce progeny with a deletion in exon 8, Pdha1(Deltaex8). The majority of progeny were found to be mosaic with the presence of both the flox and deleted alleles, and there were no apparent phenotypic effects associated with the null allele. The mosaic mice were interbred to increase the degree of mosaicism for the Pdha1(Deltaex8) allele in the subsequent generation, resulting in a significantly smaller litter size (54% reduction). Embryos carrying predominantly the Pdha1(Deltaex8) allele were found to be globally delayed in development by 9.5 days postcoitus, with resorption occurring over the following several days. These findings demonstrate an essential role for oxidative metabolism of glucose during the early postimplantation period of prenatal development.
Sialoglycoconjugate changes during 2-acetylaminofluorene-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat.

Abstract Previous studies indicated a reproducible pattern of altered glycosphingolipid biosynthesis accompanying late stages of liver tumorigenesis in the rat induced by the carcinogen 2-acetylaminofluorene. The sequence began with a dramatic elevation in CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase and was followed by sequential elevations and eventual depressions in other enzymes catalyzing sugar transfers to glycolipid acceptors. The present study focused on the early events of glycolipid biosynthesis during the first 11 weeks of 2-acetylaminofluorene administration according to the same feeding schedule as used previously. Transient elevations in CMP-sialic acid synthetase and elevations in neutral glycosphingolipid precursors to gangliosides were found to precede the major elevations in CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase ( G M 3 synthetase) noted earlier. Two cycles of response were observed prior to the initiation of the sustained enhancement of biosynthesis of precursor ganglioside, G M 3 , and/or a significant increase in total or lipid-soluble sialic acid. In vitro rates of sialyl transfer from CMP-sialic acid to endogenous protein acceptors were not altered. The results suggest that the previous observations of altered ganglioside biosynthesis following 2-acetylaminofluorene administration are not an isolated occurrence but may represent late events in a sequence or ‘cascade’ of biochemical change involving, as well, biosynthesis of ganglioside precursors, CMP-sialic acid and neutral glycosphingolipids.
Association of diabetic ketoacidosis and acute pancreatitis: observations in 100 consecutive episodes of DKA

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence, pathogenesis, and prognosis of acute pancreatitis (AP) in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is associated with nonspecific increase in serum amylase levels. Autopsy studies, on the other hand, had previously raised the issue of pancreatic necrosis in patients with DKA. However, the incidence, pathogenesis and prognosis of AP in the setting of DKA has not been prospectively evaluated. Methods This is a prospective evaluation of 100 consecutive episodes of DKA during a period of 13 months starting in January 1998, in a university hospital in New York City. In addition to careful history, complete blood count, arterial blood gas estimation, and a comprehensive metabolic assay, serum amylase, lipase, and triglyceride levels were estimated on admission and 48 h later. All patients with abdominal pain or elevated serum levels of amylase or lipase (more than three times normal) or triglyceride levels >5.65 mmo/L (500 mg/dl) had a CT scan of the abdomen. The diagnosis of AP was confirmed when pancreatic enlargement or necrosis on contrast enhanced CT scan was seen. Results Eleven patients (11%) had AP. History of abdominal pain, not a feature on admission to include AP in the differential diagnosis, was elicited subsequently in eight patients. Abdominal pain was absent in two and one was comatose on admission. The etiology of AP was hypertriglyceridemia in four, alcohol in two, drug induced in one, and idiopathic in four patients. The hypertriglyceridemia was transient in four patients and resolved once the episode of DKA was corrected. Lipase elevation was noted in 29% and amylase elevation in 21% of all patients with DKA. Similar to increased amylase levels, serum lipase levels were also noted to be high in the absence of CT evidence of AP. Conclusions DKA may mask coexisting AP, which occurs in at least 10-15% of cases. The pathogenesis of AP in DKA varies, but at least in some transient and profound hyperlipidemia is an identifiable factor. AP is more likely to be associated with a severe episode of DKA with marked acidosis and hyperglycemia. Ranson's prognostic criteria are not applicable to assess the severity of AP in DKA because they overestimate the severity. Severity index based on CT findings appears to better correlate with outcome. Elevation of serum lipase and amylase occur in DKA, and elevation of lipase levels appears to be less specific than amylase levels for the diagnosis of AP in the diagnosis of DKA. Although in this study AP in DKA appeared to be mild, a definite conclusion with regard to the severity should be based only on a much larger number of patients, as only 20% of patients with AP in general have serious disease.
A stable approach to Newton's method for general mathematical programming problems inRn

The usual approach to Newton's method for mathematical programming problems with equality constraints leads to the solution of linear systems ofn +m equations inn +m unknowns, wheren is the dimension of the space andm is the number of constraints. Moreover, these linear systems are never positive definite. It is our feeling that this approach is somewhat artificial, since in the unconstrained case the linear systems are very often positive definite. With this in mind, we present an alternate Newton-like approach for the constrained problem in which all the linear systems are of order less than or equal ton. Furthermore, when the Hessian of the Lagrangian at the solution is positive definite (a situation frequently occurring), all our systems will be positive definite. Hence, in all cases, our Newton-like method offers greater numerical stability. We demonstrate that the convergence properties of this Newton-like method are superior to those of the standard approach to Newton's method. The operation count for the new method using Gaussian elimination is of the same order as the operation count for the standard method. However, if the Hessian of the Lagrangian at the solution is positive definite and we use Cholesky decomposition, then the order of the operation count for the new method is half that for the standard approach to Newton's method. This theory is generalized to problems with both equality and inequality constraints.
Cirrus, Transport, and Mixing in the Tropical Upper Troposphere

AbstractThe impact of cloud radiative heating on transport time scales from the tropical upper troposphere to the stratosphere is studied in two-dimensional numerical simulations. Clouds are idealized as sources of radiative heating and are stochastically distributed in space and time. A spatial probability function constrains clouds to occur in only part of the domain to depict heterogeneously distributed clouds in the atmosphere.The transport time from the lower to upper boundaries (age of air) is evaluated with trajectories. The spectra of age of air obtained in the simulations are bimodal, with the first mode composed of trajectories that remain in the cloudy part of the domain during their passages from the lower to upper boundaries, and the second mode composed of the remaining trajectories that visit the cloud-free regions. For the first group of trajectories only, the mean age scales inversely with the time-mean radiative heating in cloudy air, and the one-dimensional advection–diffusion equation ...
Cardiac Septal Aneurysm Mimicking Pseudomass: Appearance on ECG-Gated Cardiac MRI and MDCT

OBJECTIVE. Cardiac septal aneurysms in adults are diagnosed when the interatrial or interventricular septal membrane deviates more than 10–15 mm to either side in the cardiac chamber. Routine non-ECG-gated chest CT does not have sufficient temporal and spatial resolution for adequate characterization of such an entity. We report the imaging findings of cardiac septal aneurysms depicted in two patients with ECG-gated cardiac MRI and in a third with ECG-gated cardiac 64-MDCT. Each aneurysm was initially believed to be a cardiac tumor on the basis of the appearance on non-ECG-gated chest CT or MRI.CONCLUSION. Nonopacified blood can fill a cardiac septal aneurysm and mimic a pseudomass. It is important that radiologists recognize such an entity on chest CT and MRI because of the association with intracardiac shunting and stroke and to avoid misdiagnosis of an aneurysm as a cardiac tumor.
“Cubic” Colloidal Platinum Nanoparticles

Cubic platinum nanoparticles (4−18 nm) have been synthesized for the first time in solution by the controlled reduction of K2PtCl4 with hydrogen gas in the presence of sodium polyacrylate as a capping material. The nanoparticles are found to have fcc structures, similar to the bulk metal with {100} facets.
Toward a classification of lotic habitats

A world-wide system for classifying brooks, streams, and small rivers is proposed, using the following criteria: width, flow, current speed, substrate, summer temperatures, winter temperatures, turbidity, total dissolved organic matter, total dissolved inorganic matter, water hardness, dissolved oxygen, rooted aquatic plants, streamside vegetation. Some of these criteria have much greater biological implications than others. It is contended that widely separated lotic habitats that are similar in the above features have biotas consisting of ecologically similar and parallel clusters of species. There are, nevertheless, many kinds of “atypical” polluted and unpolluted lotic habitats that cannot be classified with respect to these criteria.
A low-Cr metallic interconnect for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells

Abstract A new low thermal expansion, low-Cr, Fe–Co–Ni base alloy was developed and evaluated as interconnect for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). This alloy demonstrated good oxidation resistance, low oxide scale area specific resistance and a reasonable match in coefficient of thermal expansion with adjacent cell components. A double-layer oxide structure with an highly conductive, Cr-free (Fe,Co,Ni) 3 O 4 spinel outer layer and a thin protective Cr 2 O 3 inner layer was formed on the alloy surface upon thermal exposure in air at 800 °C. The existence of the Cr-free (Fe,Co,Ni) 3 O 4 outer layer effectively reduced the Cr evaporation and in transpiration testing resulted in a six-fold decrease in Cr evaporation as compared to a state-of-the-art ferritic interconnect alloy. The new low-Cr alloy also exhibited good scale spallation resistance and adequate compatibility with the cathode material La 0.8 Sr 0.2 MnO 3 (LSM).
Corticosteroid Use Does Not Alter Nasal Mucus Glucose in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

OBJECTIVES To evaluate nasal mucus glucose concentrations in patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis and determine if corticosteroid therapy alters mucus glucose. STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single tertiary care center. SUBJECTS Ninety-five patients presenting to an otolaryngology clinic. METHODS Participants completed questionnaires that included a history of medical and surgical therapies as well as sinusitis-specific quality-of-life measurements. Nasal mucus was collected in an outpatient clinic using an open cell foam technique. The nasal mucus glucose concentrations of patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis were compared to the use of systemic and topical glucocorticoid treatment. RESULTS A statistically significant difference was measured between mean nasal glucose secretions of control patients, 10.2 mg/dL, compared with patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis, 18.4 mg/dL (P < .0001). Use of corticosteroids, both topical and systemic, did not correlate with nasal glucose concentrations. CONCLUSION Patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis have elevated nasal glucose concentrations compared with control patients, and this elevated nasal glucose level was independent of corticosteroid use. Nasal glucose may independently contribute to the pathophysiology of chronic rhinosinusitis.
Dynamics of Aggregation Formation in Japanese Beetles, Popillia japonica

For most insect aggregations to form, they need to be started by an initial individual (the pioneer) and joined by later individuals (the joiners). Pioneers and joiners may differ with regard to characteristics such as sex and body size. We carried out three field experiments to examine the characteristics of Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica, pioneering and joining aggregations on host plants. Individual beetles were captured as they arrived on uninhabited grape plants, as well as plants designed to simulate aggregations with model beetles and feeding damage. For all experiments and treatments, the beetles arriving were significantly female-biased. Females pioneering later in the day had higher egg loads than those arriving earlier, and the results of two experiments suggested that females arriving at existing aggregations tend to have lower egg loads than females pioneering elsewhere. Male beetles found on uninhabited plants were smaller and arrived earlier in the day than males in the aggregation area of the experiment. Overall, these results indicate that female Japanese beetles may be the initiators of aggregations (i.e. the pioneers) with males joining later in the process, and suggest that females with fewer eggs and males with larger body sizes are more likely to join aggregations. We use these patterns to hypothesize on the different functions of aggregations for male and female Japanese beetles.
Medical Care Use by Individuals

In view of rapid changes in the health care delivery system, which are bringing about changes in medical care prices, in the proportion of costs paid by the family, and in pay ment methods, estimation of family medical care costs from surveys of household expendi tures is unsatisfactory. The purpose of this study was to explore a method for estimating amounts of medical services used by individuals with given characteristics. These estimates could be used as a basis for developing family budget guidance materials and for public policy planning. Three types of medical services were studied—hospital services, doctors' services, and dentists' services. From among a number of individual and family characteris tics for which national survey data were available, several that help to explain variation in use of the three types of medical services by individuals were identified by regression analy sis: age, sex, presence or absence of a chronic health condition, education, family income, employment status, metropolitan residence, and region. Adjusted coefficients of multiple determination were significant. Only a small proportion of the variance was explained, indicating the need for more information as to factors affecting the use of medical services by individuals.
Industrial and Organizational Psychology Encounters Organizational Behavior Management: Would You Care to Dance?

With a former graduate student, we published a review 25 years ago concerning organizational behavior management (OBM) in the private sector when OBM was a new field (O'Hara, Johnson, & Beehr, 1985...
A note on classical damping matrices

An alternative damping matrix that leads to classical normal modes and that depends explicitly on a set of prescribed modal damping ratios is presented. The alternative damping matrix can be thought of as a factorized Caughey series that allows for a simple explicit solution for the coefficients of the series and thus avoids the need to solve a potentially ill-conditioned system of algebraic equations. The relation between the proposed damping matrix and Rayleigh, Caughey and modal damping matrices is examined. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Student perception of caring teaching in physical education

Student perceptions of caring physical education teaching were examined. Critical incident forms eliciting descriptions of caring teaching were administered to 518 United States elementary and secondary students. The forms were content analyzed and coded inductively to reveal 11 clusters of perceived caring teaching: showed me how to do a skill, honored my request, gave me a compliment, confronted my behavior, inquired about my health, attended to me when I was injured, allowed me to re-do my test, motivated me, played/participated with me during class, persuaded me, showed concern for my future health. The clusters were further analyzed into three subcategories—recognize me, help me learn, trust/respect me—and a main category—pay attention to me, to describe this phenomenon. The results suggest that numerous opportunities for physical education teachers to exhibit caring exist, that students notice attention provided by teachers, and that many identified caring behaviors support a theoretical framework t...
Teaching Clinical Decision Making

Clinical judgment has traditionally been left to be acquired chiefly through personal experience and conversations with experienced practitioners. Given the explosion of knowledge and technology of recent years, a more systematic approach to managing information has become increasingly important. Ethical issues, both of a social and more individual nature, also increasingly demand attention. This paper describes one effort to address these problems through medical education. A three quarter pre-clinical course was revised to incorporate decision analysis and ethical analysis. The approach, results and problems of the two-year-old innovation are discussed, and general recommendations are offered.
The rates of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea in patients treated with adjuvant doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by a taxane

Objective:Adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal women with breast cancer may induce amenorrhea, which can affect fertility, choice of hormonal therapy, and increase the risk of late toxicity. The incidence of chemotherapy-induced amenorrhea (CIA) resulting from doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC)
A mass spectral study of some symmetric and unsymmetric sulfides, disulfanes, and trisulfanes

Abstract The low-resolution mass spectra of 13 trifluoromethyl and/or methyl sulfur-containing compounds (CF3SnCF3, CF3SnCH3, CH3SnCH3, CF3SmCl, and CH3SmCl; n = 1, 2, 3; m = 1, 2) are reported and discussed. There is a considerable similarity between the fragmentation pattern of compounds with the same terminal groups. However, with a fluorinated and a non-fluorinated methyl group, the major fragmentation products produced are similar to those for the dimethyl compounds.
A DYMIMIC MODEL OF HOUSING PRICE DETERMINATION

Abstract This paper presents and estimates a model of the resale housing market. The data are a cross-section of monthly time series obtained from the multiple-listing service for a suburb of San Diego. The model is specified and estimated as a dynamic multiple indicator multiple cause system of equations where the capitalization rate is taken to be an unobservable time series to be estimated jointly with the unknown parameters. These are estimated by maximum likelihood using an EM algorithm based upon Kalman filtering and smoothing. The specification of the model features hedonic equations for each house sale and a dynamic equation for the capitalization rate which is constrained to make the expectation of prices equal the present value of the net returns to home ownership whenever the economic variables stabilize at steady state values. Out of steady state, the capitalization rate slowly adapts to new information. The model attributes a large portion of housing price increases of the 1970's to a fall in the capitalization rate which in turn was driven by rental inflation, tax rates and mortgage rates. Post-sample simulations indicate an initial flattening of housing inflation rates and later a fall brought on by the increase in steady state capitalization rates. In-sample simulations show that although both Proposition 13 and the inflation induced rise in the marginal income tax rates provided partial explanations for the fall in capitalization rates, the single most important factor was the acceleration in price of housing services which interacted with the tax treatment of home ownership to produce an amazing 18% average annual rate of price increase over the last seven years of the 1970's.
Performance of a dual-bus unidirectional broadcast network operating under probabilistic scheduling strategy

Recent advances in fiber optic technology (viz. its promise to provide information-carrying capacity in the Gpbs range over long repeater-free distances) has triggered tremendous activity in the study of unidirectional bus networks (because signal flow in the fiber is unidirectional). A popular network structure that has received significant attention is the Dual-bus Unidirectional Broadcast System (DUBS) network topology. Most of the access mechanism studied on this structure are based on round-robin scheduling (or some variation thereof). However since round-robin schemes suffer a loss of channel capacity because of their inter-round overhead (which can be significant for long high-speed buses), a probabilistic scheduling strategy, called pi-persistent protocol, has recently been proposed and studied for single channel unidirectional bus systems. Our concern here is to apply this probabilistic scheduling strategy to each bus in DUBS, and study the corresponding network performance. In so doing, we allow stations to buffer multiple packets, represent a station's queue size by a Markov chain model, and employ an independence assumption. We find that the average packet delay is bounded and the maximum network throughput approaches two pkt/slot with increasing buffer size. Further, the protocol's performance is insensitive to bus characteristics, and it appears to be a particularly well suited for fiber-optic network application requiring long distances and high bandwidth. Simulation results, which verify the analytical model, are also included.
The palms and soles.

QUESTION: A 31-year-old homeless man comes to a free clinic, asking if you can get rid of the spots that have appeared all over his body (figure). He tells you that these spots appeared 3 days ago. The spots are not painful and they do not itch. The patient has no other clinical symptoms and feels generally well. With further questioning, he discusses his use of crack cocaine, which has contributed to his homelessness. A physical examination reveals hyperpigmented macules on the palms, wrists, forearms, soles, and ankles. There is slight scaling on these macules. What additional questions would you like to ask this patient? What other parts of the body would you like to examine? What tests would help you make the diagnosis? What is your differential diagnosis at this point? ANSWER: Taking a sexual history from the patient revealed that he had multiple female sexual partners at the time he was using crack cocaine. Some of the women provided sex for drugs. The genitals and oral mucosa were examined for additional lesions. The patient was found to have mucous patches on the penis and additional macules on the thighs. The patient also had mucous patches in the mouth. The protean manifestations of secondary syphilis generally start 2 to 8 weeks after a chancre is present. In this case, the patient did not remember having a chancre. In secondary syphilis, 90% of patients have skin manifestations, 35% have oral lesions, 20% have genital lesions, and 70% have constitutional symptoms, including fever and malaise.1(p2479) The lesions of secondary syphilis may be macular, maculopapular, papular, pustular, or annular. They are not vesicular. Macules on the palms and soles are highly suggestive of secondary syphilis. The rash is generally not itchy. About 20% of patients have mucous patches or condylomata lata. Lata, or flat, patches occur on the genitals and are flatter than condylomata acuminata. Some patients have moth-eaten alopecia.
State‐space modelling of residential, commercial and peak demands

The potential use of state-space modelling is evaluated through comparison with the existing multivariate ARMA models currently in use at Georgia Power Company for forecasting its residential sales, commercial sales and peak demand.
Visualising the urban masses: modern architecture and architectural photography in Weimar Berlin

Bertolt Brecht once famously said ‘that the “simple reproduction of reality” says less than ever about that reality. A photograph of the Krupp works or of the AEG yields almost nothing about these ...
Finite-volume complex surfaces without cuspidal Einstein metrics

We derive an obstruction to the existence of cuspidal Einstein metrics on finite-volume complex surfaces. This generalizes a theorem of LeBrun for compact complex surfaces. As in the compact case, such a result relies on a scalar curvature estimate. Finally, the obstruction is made explicit on some examples.
Screening methods: current status.

Two technologies are currently used to screen newborn infants for hearing, auditory brainstem response (ABR), and otoacoustic emissions (OAEs). Each technology is based on detecting the infant's physiologic response to auditory stimulation. ABR is a short-latency auditory evoked response originating from eighth nerve and brainstem auditory pathway structures and detected by scalp surface electrodes. OAEs are auditory signals generated by cochlear outer hair cells in response to acoustic stimulation and detected by a miniature microphone coupled to the infant's ear. Although each technique requires specific sound generation and response recording technologies, advances in computerized stimulus delivery and response detection algorithms allow these tests to be performed by trained technicians or volunteers under the supervision of an audiologist. Results of test performance, and the advantages and disadvantages of each technique are described.
Σ-Δ Modulated Digitally Controlled Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converter for WCDMA RF Power Amplifiers

This paper focuses on the non-inverting buck-boost converter supplying an adjustable DC voltage to a WCDMA RF power amplifier (RFPA) in order to improve the system efficiency under different transmitted RF power levels. It is shown that precise output voltage positioning and low output voltage ripple over a wide output voltage range, including buck, boost and buck/boost transition modes, can be accomplished using Σ-Δ modulation in combination with a small, low-power, low-resolution DPWM core. A two-mode digital controller is presented, in which the compensator parameters are changed upon buck/ boost mode transitions in order to improve closed-loop dynamic performance. Results are verified on an experimental test bed that consists of a prototype 0.5 μm CMOS chip that integrates power MOSFETs, drivers and dead-time control logic, and the digital controller implemented on an FPGA. The worst case output voltage ripple over buck, boost and mode transition region is within 35mV and the output voltage transients meet the WCDMA RFPA settling time requirements.
Reporter-Interpreter-Manager-Educator (RIME) Descriptive Ratings as an Evaluation Tool in an Emergency Medicine Clerkship

Abstract Background Emergency Medicine (EM) clerkships traditionally assess students using numerical ratings of clinical performance. The descriptive ratings of the Reporter, Interpreter, Manager, and Educator (RIME) method have been shown to be valuable in other specialties. Objectives We hypothesized that the RIME descriptive ratings would correlate with clinical performance and examination scores in an EM clerkship, indicating that the RIME ratings are a valid measure of performance. Methods This was a prospective cohort study of an evaluation instrument for 4th-year medical students completing an EM rotation. This study received exempt Institutional Review Board status. EM faculty and residents completed shift evaluation forms including both numerical and RIME ratings. Students completed a final examination. Mean scores for RIME and clinical evaluations were calculated. Linear regression models were used to determine whether RIME ratings predicted clinical evaluation scores or final examination scores. Results Four hundred thirty-nine students who completed the EM clerkship were enrolled in the study. After excluding items with missing data, there were 2086 evaluation forms (based on 289 students) available for analysis. There was a clear positive relationship between RIME category and clinical evaluation score (r2 = 0.40, p Conclusion We found a positive association between RIME and clinical evaluation scores, suggesting that RIME is a valid clinical evaluation instrument. RIME descriptive ratings can be incorporated into EM evaluation instruments and provides useful data related to patient management skills.
Status Report on Studies to Assess the Feasibility of Storing Nuclear Waste in Columbia Plateau Basalts

The Basalt Waste Isolation Project, operated by Rockwell Inter­national for the United States Department of Energy, is part of the National Waste Terminal Storage Program. The program, as presently structured, is aimed at assessing the feasibility and providing the technology needed to design and construct a repository for storage of commercial radioactive waste in the extensive basalts beneath the Hanford Site of the United States Department of Energy.
Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy Simplified technique using hinged, folding-approximating clamp

Microsurgical two-layer vasovasostomy appears to yield improved results over conventional methods but is not widely used because of technical difficulties. A technique is reported which utilizes a hinged folding vas approximating clamp and allows the two-layer anastomosis to be performed with greater ease because the details of the vas ends are visualized constantly. The danger of mucosal tears is lessened by posterior muscular layer approximation before mucosal approximation, thus relieving mucosal tension during suturing.
An EPR study of the dinuclear iron site in the soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) reduced by one electron at 77 K: the effects of component interactions and the binding of small molecules to the diiron(III) center.

Reduction of the soluble methane monooxygenase hydroxylase (MMOH) from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) in frozen 4:1 buffer/glycerol solutions at 77 K by mobile electrons generated by γ-irradiation produces an EPR-detectable, mixed-valent Fe(II)Fe(III) center. At this temperature the conformation of the enzyme remains essentially unaltered during reduction, so the mixed-valent EPR spectra serve to probe the active site structure of the EPR-silent, diiron(III) state. The EPR spectra of the cryoreduced samples reveal that the diiron(III) cluster of the resting hydroxylase has at least two chemically distinct forms, the structures of which differ from that of the equilibrium Fe(II)Fe(III) site. Their relative populations depend on pH, the presence of component B, and formation of the MMOH/MMOB complex by reoxidation of the reduced, diiron(II) hydroxylase. The formation of complexes between MMOB, MMOR, and the oxidized hydroxylase does not measurably affect the structure of the diiron(III) site. Cryogenic red...
Staff perceptions on the impact of a general surgery residency program

METHODS: After institutional review board approval, a survey was designed to evaluate staff perception across 31 points to evaluate staff perception of residents after 18 months of interaction. The survey evaluated subjective opinion using 5 point scales with an option for “insufficient contact” for 28 of the 31 questions. The final 3 questions used a sliding scale that provided ranged values from 0-100. Survey responses were collected anonymously and managed using REDCap electronic data capture tool. Thirty two staff surgeons were included in the survey.
Social Control in Industrial Society: Garland's Punishment and Welfare

Scholarship in the past two decades has considerably revised understanding of the penal laws and policies of industrialized western societies.' This scholarship has been above all concerned with the connections between such laws and policies and the broader apparatuses of governance, particularly as they pertain to relations between social classes.2 The scholars pursuing this line of inquiry share certain presumptions, notwithstanding many differences among them. First, that the penal laws and policies of modern western nations are informed by an intelligible (if not fully coherent, necessarily correct, or worthy) set of assumptions about what is needed to establish and maintain a tolerable degree of conformance. Second, that these assumptions shift from time to time. Finally that, because the assumptions embedded in penal policies are closely related to those underlying other state laws and policies, these shifts are useful pointers to changes in the assumptions undergirding different forms of governance tout court. This way of understanding penal change has replaced analyses treating changes in penal laws and policies as the inevitable mark of an advancing civilization; it has also supplemented those treating it as the outcome of the need to find improved ways to cope with recurrent administrative problems in the penal realm. As a result, it is now clear that a distinctive set of penal
SUBVERTING THE INSTITUTIONALIZED READING TOUR: RAFIK SCHAMI AND DANIEL KEHLMANN

Germany is more prolific than any other country in the world in promoting its authors through book tours. Given the demands placed upon Germany’s authors through the institutionally organized reading circuit, contemporary authors sometimes turn their experiences of these tours into themes in their own works. This essay primarily examines two novels in which the institution of the ‘Lesereise’ is a significant focus: Rafik Schami’s ‘Sieben Doppelganger’ (1999) and Daniel Kehlmann’s ‘Ruhm’ (2009). Both texts treat the difficulties and irritations to which authors are subject when they engage in such tours. While Schami’s novel uses the motif of the Double to explore Germans’ (mis)perception of cultural alterity and to underscore why the author took a hiatus from the reading circuit late in the 1990s, Kehlmann’s ‘Ruhm’, in which the institutionalized reading tour constitutes only one, albeit significant, thread, broadly examines issues of celebrity and identity in our highly technological age.
On the first-order expressibility of recursive queries

A Datalog program is bounded iff it is equivalent to a recursion-free Datalog program. We show that, for some classes of Datalog programs, expressibility in first-order query languages coincides with boundedness. Our results imply that testing first-order expressibility is undecidable for binary programs, decidable for monadic programs, and complete for S02.
Using technology to control intimate partners: An exploratory study of college undergraduates

This study examined the extent to which a sample of 804 undergraduates at a large southeastern university used communication technology (e.g., cell phone, email, social network sites) to monitor or control partners in intimate relationships and to evaluate their perceptions of the appropriateness of these behaviors. Results of the online survey revealed that half of both female and male respondents reported the use of communication technology to monitor partners, either as the initiator or victim. Females were significantly more likely than males to monitor the email accounts of their partners (25% vs. 6%) and to regard doing so as appropriate behavior. Limitations and implications are suggested.
Propofol Anesthesia Does Not Alter Regional Rates of Cerebral Protein Synthesis Measured with l-[1-11C]Leucine and PET in Healthy Male Subjects

We report regional rates of cerebral protein synthesis (rCPS) in 10 healthy young males, each studied under two conditions: awake and anesthetized with propofol. We used the quantitative l-[1-11C]leucine positron emission tomography (PET) method to measure rCPS. The method accounts for the fraction (1) of unlabeled leucine in the precursor pool for protein synthesis that is derived from arterial plasma; the remainder comes from proteolysis of tissue proteins. Across 18 regions and whole brain, mean differences in rCPS between studies ranged from 5% to 5% and were within the variability of rCPS in awake studies (coefficient of variation range: 7% to 14%). Similarly, differences in Λ (range: 1% to 4%) were typically within the variability of Λ (coefficient of variation range: 3% to 6%). Intersubject variances and patterns of regional variation were also similar under both conditions. In propofol-anesthetized subjects, rCPS varied regionally from 0.98 ± 0.12 to 2.39 ± 0.23 nmol g−1 min−1 in the corona radiat...
On the interaction of magnetic monopoles with axionic domain walls

The unusual electromagnetic properties of axionic domain walls are investigated particular, the origin of the extra unit of electric charge acquired by a magnetic monopole that traverses an axionic domain wall is elucidated.
High-resolution MR imaging of water diffusion in the rabbit lens.

Movement of water in the lens, specifically water diffusion, was examined with diffusion imaging and H2O-enhanced proton imaging. Diffusion imaging showed restricted water self-diffusion in the cortex which was not concurrent with the change in proton density; nevertheless it was dependent on the gradient direction and might be related to lens fiber/protein organization. The difference in water diffusion patterns between control and galactosemic cataract was subtle but distinguishable. On the other hand, intracameral H2O injection allowed visualization of water movement across the lens. In galactosemic cataracts, water diffused from the anterior cortex towards posterior cortex and into the vitreous. This pattern was not seen in the normal lens.