cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface–Atmosphere Moisture Interactions in the Frozen Ground Regions of Eurasia

Climate models simulate an intensifying Arctic hydrologic cycle in response to climatic warming, however the role of surface-atmosphere interactions from degrading frozen ground is unclear in these projections. Using Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) data in high-latitude Eurasia, we examine long-term variability in surface-atmosphere coupling as represented by the statistical relationship between surface evaporative fraction (EF) and afternoon precipitation. Changes in EF, precipitation, and their statistical association are then related to underlying permafrost type and snow cover. Results indicate significant positive trends in July EF in the Central Siberian Plateau, corresponding to significant increases in afternoon precipitation. The positive trends are only significant over continuous permafrost, with non-significant or negative EF and precipitation trends over isolated, sporadic, and discontinuous permafrost areas. Concurrently, increasing EF and subsequent precipitation are found to coincide with significant trends in May and June snowmelt, which potentially provides the moisture source for the observed enhanced latent heating and moisture recycling in the region. As climate change causes continuous permafrost to transition to discontinuous, discontinuous to sporadic, sporadic to isolated, and isolated permafrost disappears, this will also alter patterns of atmospheric convection, moisture recycling, and hence the hydrologic cycle in high-latitude land areas.
Older adult Alexander Technique practitioners walk differently than healthy age-matched controls

The Alexander Technique (AT) seeks to eliminate harmful patterns of tension that interfere with the control of posture and movement and in doing so, it may serve as a viable intervention method for increasing gait efficacy in older adults. The purpose of this study was to compare the comfortable pace gait kinematics of older AT practitioners with those of healthy, age-matched controls. Participants were six licensed AT practitioners and seven healthy age-matched controls between the ages of 61-76. During the stance phase, AT participants exhibited significantly greater ankle stance range of motion (ROM) and plantar flexion at toe off, as well as lower ROM of the trunk and head compared to controls. During the swing phase, the AT practitioners had significantly increased hip and knee flexion and a trend toward significantly increased dorsiflexion. The findings suggest that the older AT practitioners walked with gait patterns more similar to those found in the literature for younger adults. These promising results highlight the need for further research to assess the AT's potential role as an intervention method for ameliorating the deleterious changes in gait that occur with aging.
MCF-7 cells selected for acquired resistance to an anti IGF-IR antibody remain sensitive to fulvestrant and to an IGFIR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI).

Abstract #72 Monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) targeting the type-1 Insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGFIR) are currently in clinical trials. Resistance to several targeted therapies has been observed and is not well understood. Estrogen receptor (ER) has been shown to interact with IGFIR signaling to promote cell growth. To examine acquired resistance to IGF1R monoclonal antibodies, we selected ER positive MCF7L cells in increasing concentrations of an IGFIR inhibitory antibody (scFvFc, treated over 2 years). These cells (MCF7L-scFvFc) had downregulated IGFIR levels, increased basal phosphorylation of IRS-1 with constitutive activation of Akt. MCF7L-scFvFc cells had enhanced basal growth and were no longer responsive to IGF-I and estradiol (E2). To examine the relationship between IGF1R and ER function, we used the pure steroidal anti-estrogen fulvestrant to examine effects on growth of the parent and antibody-resistance cells. In parent MCF7L cells, fulvestrant inhibited growth responses to IGF-I and E2 treatment when each ligand was given individually, but when both ligands were given together, the growth inhibition was reversed. In MCF7L-scFvFc, fulvestrant inhibited growth response to IGF-I, but cells still responded to E2 even in the presence of fulvestrant. Fulvestrant inhibition of MCF7L-scFvFc basal growth was associated with downregulation of ER and IGFIR system components. Fulvestrant treatment induced PARP cleavage in MCF7L, but not in MCF7L-scFvFc cells. IGF-I partially protected cells against fulvestrant induced PARP cleavage, and E2 treatment has full protective effects on these cells. These data suggest that MCF7L-scFvFc cells were more resistant to cell apoptosis induced by fulvestrant. Other monoclonal antibodies directed against IGF1R were ineffective in reversing the resistance in MCF7L-scFvFc cells. To determine if activated IGF1R was responsible for the behavior of MCF7L-scFvFc cells, we used the IGF1R TKI AEW541. AEW541 inhibited growth of these antibody resistant cells and a combination of fulvestrant and AEW541 completely inhibited cell growth and IGF signaling in both MCF7L and MCF7L-scFvFc cells. Thus, activated IGFIR signaling was still required for the growth of MCF7L-scFvFc cells. In conclusion, MCF7L-scFvFc had low levels of IGF1R but retained activated IGF1R signaling that was inhibited by TKI (AEW541). In addition, the ER antagonist fulvestrant also inhibited growth of these cells. In these ER-positive cells, combined blockade of ER and IGF1R could provide a more prolonged inhibition of cell growth. Moreover, cells selected for resistance to an IGF1R antibody remain sensitive to IGF1R TKIs. Thus, concurrent or sequential targeting of IGF1R and ER function should be examined in breast cancer clinical trials of ER positive breast cancer. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 72.
Distinct NMDA and AMPA receptor-mediated responses in mouse and human Cajal-Retzius cells.

This study examined glutamate-activated current responses of mouse and human Cajal-Retzius (C-R) cells. Thin cortical slices were prepared from the brains of mice 4–6 days after birth and from thos...
Dietary selenium and prolonged exercise alter gene expression and activity of antioxidant enzymes in equine skeletal muscle

Untrained Thoroughbred horses (6 mares and 6 geldings; 11 yr [SE 1] and 565 kg [SE 11]) were used to evaluate antioxidant gene expression and enzyme activity in blood and skeletal muscle in response to prolonged exercise after receiving 2 levels of dietary selenium for 36 d: 0.1 (CON; = 6) or 0.3 mg/kg DM (SEL; = 6). Horses were individually fed 1.6% BW coastal bermudagrass hay, 0.4% BW whole oats, and a mineral/vitamin premix containing no Se. Sodium selenite was added to achieve either 0.1 or 0.3 mg Se/kg DM in the total diet. On d 35, horses underwent 2 h of submaximal exercise in a free-stall exerciser. Blood samples were obtained before (d 0) and after 34 d of Se supplementation and on d 35 to 36 immediately after exercise and at 6 and 24 h after exercise. Biopsies of the middle gluteal muscle were obtained on d 0, before exercise on d 34, and at 6 and 24 h after exercise. Supplementation with Se above the NRC requirement (SEL) increased serum Se ( = 0.011) and muscle thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) activity ( = 0.051) but had no effect on glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity in plasma, red blood cell (RBC) lysate, or muscle in horses at rest. Serum creatine kinase activity increased ( < 0.0001) in response to prolonged exercise but was not affected by dietary treatment. Serum lipid hydroperoxides were affected by treatment ( = 0.052) and were higher ( = 0.012) in horses receiving CON than SEL immediately following exercise. Muscle expression of was unchanged at 6 h but increased ( = 0.005) 2.8-fold 24 h after exercise, whereas muscle TrxR activity remained unchanged. Glutathione peroxidase activity increased in plasma (P < 0.0001) and decreased in RBC lysate ( = 0.010) after prolonged exercise. A Se treatment × time interaction was observed for RBC GPx activity (P = 0.048). Muscle and expression and GPx activity did not change during the 24-h period after exercise. Level of dietary Se had no overall effect on expression of , , , , , , or in muscle following exercise. The impact of prolonged exercise on the activities of antioxidant enzymes varied. Furthermore, changes in enzyme activity did not necessarily align with enzyme gene expression following exercise. A higher level of Se intake elevated Se status of untrained horses, increased GPx activity, and lessened lipid peroxidation following exercise, suggesting that Se may be beneficial for mitigating oxidative muscle damage and aiding in postexercise recovery.
Reliability Analysis of Lead-Free Solder Joints with Solder Doping on Harsh Environment

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of long term isothermal aging and thermal cycling on the reliability of lead-free solder mixes with different solder compositions, PCB surface finishes, and isothermal aging conditions. A variety of surface mount components are considered, including ball grid arrays (BGAs), quad flat no-lead packages (QFNs) and 2512 Surface Mount Resistors (SMRs). 12 lead-free solder pastes are tested; for BGA packages these are reflowed with lead-free solder spheres of SAC105, SAC305 and matched doped solder spheres (“matched” solder paste and sphere composition). Three surface finishes are tested: Organic Solderability Preservative (OSP), Immersion Silver (ImAg), and Electroless Nickel Immersion Gold (ENIG). All test components are subjected to isothermal aging at 125°C for 0 or 12 months, followed by accelerated thermal cycle testing from −40°C to 125°C. Data from the first 1500 cycles is presented here, with a focus on the effect of surface finish on package reliability. Cur...
Data storage and sharing for the long tail of science

Research data infrastructure such as storage must now accommodate new requirements resulting from trends in research data management that require researchers to store their data for the long term and make it available to other researchers. We propose Data Depot, a system and service that provides capabilities for shared space within a group, shared applications, flexible access patterns and ease of transfer at Purdue University. We evaluate Depot as a solution for storing and sharing multi-terabytes of data produced in the long tail of science with a use case in soundscape ecology studies from the Human-Environment Modeling and Analysis Laboratory. We observe that with the capabilities enabled by Data Depot, researchers can easily deploy fine-grained data access control, manage data transfer and sharing, as well as integrate their workflows into a High Performance Computing environment.
The role of surgery in cutaneous malignant melanoma.

Although cutaneous malignant melanoma comprises only 3% of all cancers, its incidence is rising more rapidly than any other malignancy, increasing 83% between 1973 and 1987. If this trend continues, it is estimated that the lifetime risk of developing melanoma for someone born in 1950, 1:600, will increase to 1:90 for someone born in the year 2000. Fortunately, of the 32,000 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 1992, the vast majority will be diagnosed as a surgically curable stage. Between 1981 and 1987, it is estimated that 80% of all new melanomas were diagnosed as localized disease, with another 8% being diagnosed with locoregional disease only [1]. Even at a tertiary referral center, the majority of cases are diagnosed at a stage when surgery represents the mainstay of therapy (Table 1). Thus, it is imperative that we have a complete and thorough understanding of the surgical management of these patients at all stages.
A New Species of Foraminiferida from the Miocene of South Louisiana

A new species of nodosarine Foraminif erida is described and illustrated. Lenticulina (R.obulus) cristi, sp. nov., is an important stratigraphic marker which occurs above Cibicides carstensi opima Cushman and Ellisor and below Bigenerina huniblei Cushman and Ellisor in the middle Miocene of South Louisiana. Stratigraphic marker fossils in the subsurface of South Louisiana are essential to comprehension of the complex stratigraphy and, in fact, provide the means of establishing regional correlations in the area. The middle Miocene sediments form a prolific producing trend of great interest to Gulf Coast geologists. The purpose of this note is to describe and illustrate one of the foraminif eral species characteristic of this interval which has not been formally named. This form, commonly referred to as 11Cristellaria I'', occurs most prominently above Cibicides carstensi opima Cushman and Ellisor and below Bigenerina humblei Cushman and Ellisor in the neritic sediments of the middle Miocene of Somh Louisiana. It is one of the more prominent species in the "Krumbhaar fauna" which is considered reliable for regional correlation.
Lessons Learned: Visualizing Cyber Situation Awareness in a Network Security Domain

This chapter discusses lesson learned working with cyber situation awareness and network security domain experts to integrate visualizations into their current workflows. Working closely with network security experts, we discovered a critical set of requirements that a visualization must meet to be considered for use by the these domain experts. We next present two separate examples of visualizations that address these requirements: a flexible web-based application that visualizes network traffic and security data through analyst-driven correlated charts and graphs, and a set of ensemble-based extensions to visualize network traffic and security alerts using existing and future ensemble visualization algorithms.
Spatial Event Forecasting in Social Media With Geographically Hierarchical Regularization

Social media has been utilized as a significant surrogate for spatial societal event forecasting. The accuracy and discernibility of a spatial event forecasting model are two key concerns, as they determine how accurate and how detailed the model’s predictions will be. Existing research focuses almost exclusively on the accuracy alone, seldom considering the accuracy and discernibility simultaneously because this would require a considerably more sophisticated model while suffering from several challenges, namely: 1) the precise formulation of the tradeoff between accuracy and discernibility; 2) the scarcity of social media data with a high spatial resolution; and 3) the characterization of spatial correlation and heterogeneity. This paper proposes a novel feature learning framework that concurrently addresses all the above challenges by formulating prediction tasks for different locations with different spatial resolutions, allowing the heterogeneous relationships among the tasks to be characterized. This characterization is then integrated into our new models based on multitask learning, with parameters optimized by our proposed algorithm based on the alternative direction method of multipliers (ADMM) and dynamic programming. Extensive experimental evaluations performed on several data sets from different domains demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
An integrated native mass spectrometry and top-down proteomics method that connects sequence to structure and function of macromolecular complexes

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a crucial technique for the analysis of protein complexes. Native MS has traditionally examined protein subunit arrangements, while proteomics MS has focused on sequence identification. These two techniques are usually performed separately without taking advantage of the synergies between them. Here we describe the development of an integrated native MS and top-down proteomics method using Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) to analyse macromolecular protein complexes in a single experiment. We address previous concerns of employing FTICR MS to measure large macromolecular complexes by demonstrating the detection of complexes up to 1.8 MDa, and we demonstrate the efficacy of this technique for direct acquirement of sequence to higher-order structural information with several large complexes. We then summarize the unique functionalities of different activation/dissociation techniques. The platform expands the ability of MS to integrate proteomics and structural biology to provide insights into protein structure, function and regulation.
Generating random fuzzy (capacity) measures for data fusion simulations

The fuzzy integral (FI) with respect to a fuzzy measure (FM) is a powerful means of aggregating information. The most popular FIs are the Choquet and Sugeno and most research focuses on these two variants; here, we focus on the Choquet. The arena of the FM is much more populated, including numerically-derived FMs such as the Sugeno λ-measure and decomposable measure, expert-defined FMs, and data-informed FMs. This paper fills a gap in the research on FMs and FIs by proposing three ways to randomly generate FMs with an emphasis on appropriately filling the space of all possible FMs and the way in which they interact with the Choquet FI. The methods proposed here provide a useful simulation tool that can be used for developing and testing FM-learning methods, for testing FM-based aggregation and fusion, and for gaining a better understanding about the space of FMs and how to exploit that space for better application or learning. To facilitate discussion of our random FM generators, we also develop a visualization tool for the Choquet FI, with respect to a FM, called a C g -plot. This tool allows Choquet FI users to visualize the operations that the Choquet FI is performing for a given FM. Lastly, we compare the three FM generators and make recommendations regarding their use.
Breath: image and sound, an introduction

In concert with an account of the HBO series The Leftovers (2014–2017) as a respiratory drama, this introduction considers scholarly precedents for this special issue and outlines its intervention ...
Soft Optical Contact Sensing based on On-Demand Drawn, High Aspect-Ratio Elastomeric Micropillars

We demonstrate on-demand fabrication of high aspect-ratio, microsphere-tipped elastomeric micropillars on various structures with uncommon geometries. A fiber optic contact sensor is realized by integrating a micropillar onto the end facet of an optical fiber.
The Ten Neuroanatomic Diagnoses

This chapter aims merely to introduce the student to the unique diagnostic method used by neurologists. Detailed discussion of anatomic pathways, abnormal findings, and differential diagnosis is provided in subsequent chapters. A section on case reports will allow the student or physician to utilize the principles discussed in the foregoing chapters.
Endovenous Recanalization for Chronic Occlusion or Stenosis, May-Thurner Syndrome

Endovenous recanalization of chronic occlusion or stenosis in the iliofemoral venous segment can be performed. This chapter describes indications, essential steps, variations, and complications of this procedure. It provides a detailed template operative note for the procedure.
Orbital and Periorbital Side Effects of Chemotherapy

In this chapter, the side effects of chemotherapeutic agents on the orbit and periorbital structures, such as the eyelids, eyelashes, eyebrows, and conjunctiva, are discussed. Chemotherapy can affect these structures when it is administered topically for local disease, via selective ophthalmic artery infusion for regional disease in the orbit, or systemically for more diffuse metastatic disease or as adjuvant treatment. Systemic administration of chemotherapy often affects the eye, as drugs commonly are secreted into the tears, thereby causing local affects directly. With the exception of a few better documented side effects, the majority of side effects listed in this chapter are from small case series and anecdotal case reports. This may be a result of the rarity of side effects or of underreporting, as there are often other side effects or issues that take precedence in cancer patients. Additionally, many chemotherapeutic regimens involve more than one agent, and in such cases it is difficult to determine which agent is responsible for side effects. One must also consider a possible synergistic effect of multiple drugs. The text of this chapter is organized by drug, whereas the tables are organized by side effect, to allow practitioners to look up clinically observed side effects and attempt to determine the offending agents.
Rheumatoid Arthritis in Pregnancy

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune erosive polyarthropathy that can affect young women of childbearing age. In more than 50% of the women, RA improves by the end of the first trimester, and the disease activity is less severe during pregnancy. Moderate-to-severe disease activity during pregnancy could be controlled with the use of conventional or biological DMARDs and corticosteroids. The maternal and fetal outcomes are generally good in women with well-controlled disease; however in women with active disease, there is a higher risk of preterm delivery and small for gestational age infants. Anesthesiologists need to be aware of the disease manifestations and the drugs used in the management of RA in order to avoid complications during labor and delivery. RA can cause arthritis of the cervical spine, temporomandibular, and cricoarytenoid joints which can lead to difficult endotracheal intubation. The extra-articular involvement of the heart and the lungs can further complicate the anesthetic management. Some of the medications used to manage RA can increase the risk of infections. Neuraxial anesthesia can be safely performed for labor and delivery and general anesthesia is best avoided when possible.
Proposed Special Issue: Name Authority Work in the Linked Data Environment

Linked Data and the Semantic Web have been the focus of library metadata research for years, in particular, the question of how cultural heritage and library communities can leverage this technolog...
Fast Fine-Grained Global Synchronization on GPUs

This paper extends the reach of General Purpose GPU programming by presenting a software architecture that supports efficient fine-grained synchronization over global memory. The key idea is to transform global synchronization into global communication so that conflicts are serialized at the thread block level. With this structure, the threads within each thread block can synchronize using low latency, high-bandwidth local scratchpad memory. To enable this architecture, we implement a scalable and efficient message passing library. Using Nvidia GTX 1080 ti GPUs, we evaluate our new software architecture by using it to solve a set of five irregular problems on a variety of workloads. We find that on average, our solutions improve performance over carefully tuned state-of-the-art solutions by 3.6×.
Writing from the Head and the Heart.

It has truly been a pleasure to continue to work with the many talented authors who submit their manuscripts to the American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education . We continue to receive many excellent manuscripts each year, with the quality of the manuscripts improving over the years. Upon
Synaptic actin stabilization protein loss in Down syndrome and Alzheimer disease.

Reduced spine densities and age-dependent accumulation of amyloid β and tau pathology are shared features of Down syndrome (DS) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both spine morphology and the synaptic plasticity that supports learning depend upon the actin cytoskeleton, suggesting that disturbances in actin regulatory signaling might underlie spine defects in both disorders. The present study evaluated the synaptic levels of two proteins that promote filamentous actin stabilization, the Rho GTPase effector p21-activated kinase 3 (PAK3) and Arp2, in DS vs. AD. Fluorescent deconvolution tomography was used to determine postsynaptic PAK3 and Arp2 levels for large numbers of excitatory synapses in the parietal cortex of individuals with DS plus AD pathology (DS + AD) or AD alone relative to age-matched controls. Though numbers of excitatory synapses were not different between groups, synaptic PAK3 levels were greatly reduced in DS + AD and AD individuals vs. controls. Synaptic Arp2 levels also were reduced in both disorders, but to a greater degree in AD. Western blotting detected reduced Arp2 levels in the AD group, but there was no correlation with phosphorylated tau levels suggesting that the Arp2 loss does not contribute to mechanisms that drive tau pathology progression. Overall, the results demonstrate marked synaptic disturbances in two actin regulatory proteins in adult DS and AD brains, with greater effects in individuals with AD alone. As both PAK and the Arp2/3 complex play roles in the actin stabilization that supports synaptic plasticity, reductions in these proteins at synapses may be early events in spine dysfunction that contribute to cognitive impairment in these disorders.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant effects on the kidney: Endothelial view:

Hematopoietic cell transplantation is an important therapeutic option for many hematologic cancers. Kidney injury after hematopoietic cell transplantation often results from exposure to chemotherap...
A $43.8\mu \mathrm{W}$ per Channel Biopotential Readout System using Frequency Division Multiplexing with Cable Motion Artifact Suppression

This paper presents a fully-integrated biopotential readout system using frequency division multiplexing (FDM) for general purpose, multi-channel biopotential signal acquisition. FDM reduces the number of required cables between active electrode and back-end readout, and frequency translation prior to transmission mitigates low-frequency motion artifacts and mains interference in the cable. The 4-channel EMG/ECG architecture carries all channels over a 3-wire interface and attenuates low-frequency cable motion artifacts by 15X and 60 Hz mains noise coupled into the cable by 62X. The IC is fabricated in 180 nm CMOS, including both front-end active electrode and back-end demodulation architectures; each 1 Hz-150 Hz, differential active electrode channel occupies 0.75 mm2 and consumes 43.8 $\mu \mathrm{W}$ .
Serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1-overexpression in gastric cancer promotes tumor progression in vitro and is associated with poor prognosis

Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-associated death in Asia. The incidence and mortality rates of gastric cancer have markedly increased in the past few decades. Therefore, the identification of novel gastric cancer biomarkers are needed to determine prognosis. The role of serpin peptidase inhibitor clade A member 1 (SERPINA1) has been studied in several types of cancer; however, little is known about its mechanism in gastric cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate SERPINA1 as a potential prognostic biomarker in gastric cancer and to identify the possible mechanisms underlying its action. The expression levels of SERPINA1 in several gastric cancer datasets were assessed, and it was identified that high expression of SERPINA1 was associated to poor clinical outcomes. Furthermore, using histochemical analysis, western blotting, apoptotic analysis, gap closure and invasion assays in cell lines, it was reported that silencing of SERPINA1 inhibited the formation of cellular pseudopodia and did not affect apoptosis, but promoted cell cycle S-phase entry. In addition, overexpression of SERPINA1 increased the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, whereas knockdown of SERPINA1 decreased these functions. Moreover, SERPINA1 overexpression increased the protein levels of SMAD4, which is a key regulator of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway. Taken together, the present data demonstrated that SERPINA1 promotes gastric cancer progression through TGF-β signaling, and suggested that SERPINA1 may be a novel prognostic biomarker from tumor tissue biopsy in gastric cancer.
Association between filum terminale internum length and pain in Cavalier King Charles spaniels with and without syringomyelia

Background Lumbar syringomyelia (SM), lumbosacral pain, and more caudal spinal cord termination are reported in Cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS). Data are lacking on the clinical relevance of alterations in their spinal cord terminal structures. Objectives To compare spinal cord termination level and filum terminale internum length (FTIL) with presence of lumbar SM and clinical signs in CKCS. Animals Forty-eight CKCS. Methods In this prospective study, pain was quantified using owner and clinician assessments. Vertebral level of spinal cord and dural sac termination, presence of SM, and FTIL were determined from sagittal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences. Kappa and intraclass correlation (ICC) analyses determined interobserver reliability. The MRI findings were compared to owner and clinician-reported pain quantification. Results Interobserver reliability was good for spinal cord and dural sac termination (kappa = 0.61 and 0.64, respectively) and excellent for FTIL (ICC: 92% agreement). The spinal cord terminated at 6th lumbar vertebra in 1, 7th lumbar vertebra in 31, and the sacrum in 15 dogs, and termination level was associated with lumbar SM (P = .002) but not clinical signs. Mean FTIL was 2.9 ± 1.08 mm; it was associated with owner-reported pain (P = .033) and spinal palpation scores (P = .023). Painful CKCS without SM had shorter FTIL compared to normal CKCS and painful CKCS with SM (P = .02). Conclusions Painful CKCS without SM have decreased distance between the termination of the spinal cord and dural sac, suggesting a shorter FTIL. More caudal spinal cord termination is associated with development of lumbar SM.
Synergistic Activity of Minocycline and Rifampin in Combination with Antifungal Drugs against Candida auris

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen that spreads readily in healthcare settings and has caused numerous hospital outbreaks. Very few treatment options exist for C. auris infections. We evaluated the activity of all two-drug combinations of three antifungal agents (amphotericin B, caspofungin, and voriconazole) and two antibacterial agents (minocycline and rifampin) against a collection of 10 C. auris isolates using an automated, inkjet printer-assisted checkerboard array method. Three antibacterial-antifungal combinations (amphotericin B plus rifampin, amphotericin B plus minocycline, and caspofungin plus minocycline) demonstrated synergistic activity by checkerboard array against [≥]90% of strains. The two amphotericin B-containing combinations were also synergistic using the time-kill synergy testing method. Our results suggest that combinations of antifungal and antibacterial agents may provide a promising avenue for treatment of this multidrug-resistant pathogen.
FRAME-tags: genetically encoded fluorescent markers for multiplexed barcoding and time-resolved tracking of live cells

ABSTRACT Cellular barcodes offer critical tools for tracking cellular identity in biological systems. Although genetically encoded fluorescent barcodes are ideal for real-time tracking, their scalability is constrained by the broad, overlapping emission spectra characteristic of fluorescent proteins (FPs). Here, we describe a palette of genetically encoded fluorescent barcodes called FRAME-tags, which break this scalability barrier by encoding barcode identity as unique FP expression ratios. FRAME-tags use −1 programmed ribosomal frameshifting RNA motifs to precisely control the translational output of multiple FPs from a single mRNA, leading to extremely narrow and resolvable ratios of the corresponding cellular fluorescence distributions. With this platform, we constructed 20 resolvable FRAME-tags in yeast using just two FPs, and further demonstrated that 100 or more distinguishable FRAME-tags could be made by the addition of a third FP. We used FRAME-tags to map the dynamic fitness landscape of yeast co-cultures, and to characterize the expression pattern of 20 yeast promoters in multiplex across diverse conditions. FRAME-tags offer a valuable new tool for cellular barcoding that enables time-resolved characterization of complex biological systems using widely available fluorescence detection techniques and a minimal number of spectral channels.
Promoting Head Start Dual Language Learners’ Social and Emotional Development Through Creative Drama

The demographic landscape in the United States is changing rapidly, and early childhood programs are experiencing an increase in the enrollment of Dual Language Learners (DLLs). The current study employed a mixed-methods case study design to explore the impact of creative drama on Head Start DLLs’ social and emotional development. Six DLLs enrolled in a Head Start center participated in the 9-week creative drama intervention. Quantitative data showed that participants’ social and emotional skills improved significantly after the intervention. Qualitative data further revealed that participants demonstrated improvements in social interactions, including increased confidence, enhanced cooperation skills, and better emotion management. Overall, the findings from the current study suggest that creative drama is a promising strategy for Head Start DLLs to increase their social and emotional competence.
The Freedom of a Christian: Memory and Reconciliation

One strategy to transform the history of animosity between Catholics and Protestants is to realign memories in light of problems that challenge all parties to the conflict and that call for cooperation for effective action. This essay examines various meanings of the freedom of a Christian, from Martin Luther’s proclamation of this theme to the efforts of Antonio Montesino and Bartolome de las Casas on behalf of the indigenous peoples of the Americas, and also to the hymns of freedom of enslaved African Americans. While these memories were quite different in their original contexts, they continue to make claims on us today to work for liberation, and they have particular significance for those of us at Georgetown University as we wrestle with our history or profiting from the enslavement and sale of African Americans.
Above and Beyond Denial: Incarcerated Children in Israel/Palestine: Incarcerated childhood and the politics of unchilding, by Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian, New York, Cambridge University Press, 2019, 174 pp., US$110.00 (cloth), ISBN: 978-1108429870

Reading Nadera Shalhoub-Kevorkian’s book Incarcerated Childhood and the Politics of Unchilding made me recall the story of one Palestinian teenager in particular. Several years ago, as a criminal d...
Characterization of Low-Temperature Selective Cobalt Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) for Chip Bonding

A Cu-Cu bonding approach using low temperature (200 °C) selective Co ALD is demonstrated for Cu pads that are separated by 200 nm. The bonding testbed is characterized before and after Co ALD by SEM and EDS to confirm the feasibility of the approach. AFM and XPS are used to measure the selectivity of Co ALD on Cu and SiO 2 surfaces.
Two new species of Myxobolus Bütschli, 1882 (Cnidaria: Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) infecting the gill of the black redhorse, Moxostoma duquesnei (Lesueur) (Cypriniformes: Catostomidae) in the Little Tennessee River Basin, North Carolina.

Two new species of Myxobolus Butschli, 1882 (Bivalvulida: Myxobolidae) are described from the gill of the black redhorse (Moxostoma duquesnei [Leueur][Cypriniformes: Catostomidae]) from the Little Tennessee River Basin, North Carolina, United States. Myxobolus branchiofilum n. sp. infects lumen of the lamellar arterioles and Myxobolus branchiopecten n. sp. infects the bone and cartilage at the tip of the gill rakers. They differ from all congeners by a combination of myxospore dimensions and the presence or absence of an iodinophilic vacuole in the sporoplasm, mucous envelope, intercapsular process, and sutural markings. A phylogenetic analysis of the small subunit ribosomal DNA recovered M. branchiopectin sister to Myxobolus sp. (AF378343) in a clade composed of 6 species of Myxobolus, which infect predominately cypriniform intermediate hosts. Myxobolus branchiofilum was recovered sister to Myxobolus ictiobus Rosser, Griffin, Quiniou, Alberson, Woodyard, Mischker, Greenway, Wise & Pote, 2016 in a clade composed of 8 species of Myxobolus, which predominately infect catostomid intermediate hosts. Histological sections of infected gill revealed intra-lamellar plasmodia of M. branchiofilum in the lumen of the lamellar arterioles and foci of M. branchiopecten developing in the bone and cartilage of the gill raker tip. These are the first myxozoans reported from the black redhorse. Given that these two new species are morphologically congeneric but recovered in distantly related clades, we discuss the persistent issue of myxobolid genera paraphyly/polyphyly.
Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Thrombi Following Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy (P1.027)

OBJECTIVE: To report a unique case of bilateral carotid thrombi following Cisplatin-based chemotherapy. BACKGROUND: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been implicated in venous and arterial thromboembolic events. These events typically occur with the second or third cycles of chemotherapy. Arterial thrombi involving the aortic arch secondary to Cisplatin-based chemotherapy have been reported to occur very rarely. Occurrence of bilateral carotid artery thrombi after Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has not, to our knowledge, been described. CASE DESCRIPTION: A 54 year-old man with a recent diagnosis of testicular cancer on chemotherapy with Cisplatin and Etoposide presented with severe headache and nausea. Physical exam was notable for left upper extremity weakness and left homonymous hemianopia. A CT scan of the head without contrast showed no abnormality. An MRI of the brain showed multiple acute and subacute infarcts involving both cerebral hemispheres. A CT angiogram of the head and neck revealed large thrombi causing near complete occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. No thrombus was seen in the aortic arch. There was no evidence of venous sinus thrombosis. The patient was treated with parenteral anticoagulation. A week later, the left-sided weakness improved but the patient continued to have left homonymous hemianopia. A repeat CT angiogram of the head and neck revealed partial resolution of the thrombus. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Bilateral carotid thrombi after Cisplatin-based chemotherapy has never been reported before and physicians should be aware of this possibility. The mechanism of such events is thought to be related to vascular toxicity, endothelial damage, vasospasm and release of prothrombotic particles causing platelet aggregation and activation of coagulation cascade. Early diagnosis and treatment are important for good clinical outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Kaddouh has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tunguturi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Patel has nothing to disclose. Dr. DeGrush has nothing to disclose. Dr. Mandelbaum has nothing to disclose. Dr. Eleftheriou has nothing to disclose. Dr. Goddeau has nothing to disclose.
The Quantum Theory of Fields: GENERAL RENORMALIZATION THEORY

We saw in the previous chapter that calculations in quantum electrodynamics involving one-loop graphs yield divergent integrals over momentum space, but that these infinities cancel when we express all parameters of the theory in terms of ‘renormalized’ quantities, such as the masses and charges that are actually measured. In 1949 Dyson sketched a proof that this cancellation would take place to all orders in quantum electrodynamics. It was immediately apparent (and will be shown here in Sections 12.1 and 12.2) that Dyson's arguments apply to a larger class of theories with finite numbers of relatively simple interactions, the so-called renormalizable theories, of which quantum electrodynamics is just one simple example. For some years it was widely thought that any sensible physical theory would have to take the form of a renormalizable quantum field theory. The requirement of renormalizability played a crucial role in the development of the modern ‘standard model’ of weak, electromagnetic, and strong interactions. But as we shall see here, the cancellation of ultraviolet divergences does not really depend on renormalizability; as long as we include every one of the infinite number of interactions allowed by symmetries, the so-called non-renormalizable theories are actually just as renormalizable as renormalizable theories. It is generally believed today that the realistic theories that we use to describe physics at accessible energies are what are known as ‘effective field theories.’ As discussed in Section 12.3, these are low-energy approximations to a more fundamental theory that may not be a field theory at all.
Phosphorylation-Dependent Enhancement of Rad53 Kinase Activity through the INO80 Chromatin Remodeling Complex.

ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes such as INO80 have been implicated in checkpoint regulation in response to DNA damage. However, how chromatin remodeling complexes regulate DNA damage checkpoints remain unclear. Here, we identified a mechanism of regulating checkpoint effector kinase Rad53 through a direct interaction with the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex. Rad53 is a key checkpoint kinase downstream of Mec1. Mec1/Tel1 phosphorylates the Ies4 subunit of the INO80 complex in response to DNA damage. We find that the phosphorylated Ies4 binds to the N-terminal FHA domain of Rad53. In vitro, INO80 can activate Rad53 kinase activity in an Ies4-phosphorylation-dependent manner in the absence of known activators such as Rad9. In vivo, Ies4 and Rad9 function synergistically to activate Rad53. These findings establish a direct connection between ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes and checkpoint regulation.
GcSLV : Garbled circuit based Software License Validation

Secure distribution of software among an exclusive set of subscribers is an important problem in the IT industry. Software licensing is a tool to combat piracy by provisioning legitimate users with the license file to access the software. Existing licensing schemes are prone to license key confiscation and bypassing of license validation code attacks by software pirates. To counter piracy, the validation logic needs to be be in encrypted form. This can be achieved using a Yao's garbled circuit. In this paper we propose a licensing scheme: Garbled circuit based Software License Validation (GcSLV) along with Identity based Elliptic Curve Cryptography. We implemented GcSLV and conducted performance evaluation on desktop and mobile platforms. Further we demonstrate through experimentation that performance of GcSLV is efficient than the existing licensing scheme specifically for license validation.
Lifting Our Voices: The Journeys Into Family Caregiving of Professional Social Workers, by Joyce O. Beckett

In the years to come, many social workers and social work instructors will likely take on family caregiving responsibilities. Although they are trained to access resources and to advocate on behalf...
A Revisionist's View of the History of Economic Thought: Interview with Philip Mirowski

This economic historian seeks to place the development of economic theory in its intellectual and cultural context. He sees economic theory as a subset of moral philosophy. As such, far from being a set of universal principles, economic theory evolves as our view of nature evolves.
Use of plasmid analysis and determination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes to characterize isolates from an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

We compared disk susceptibility, plasmid analysis, aminoglycoside resistance patterns, and DNA hybridization for their usefulness in characterizing isolates from a hospital outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Fifteen isolates were susceptible (group 1) and 28 were resistant (group 2) to gentamicin. A total of 15 of 15 (100%) group 1 and 22 of 28 (79%) group 2 isolates carried a 21.5-megadalton plasmid. All group 2 isolates and none of the group 1 isolates possessed a 33-megadalton plasmid. Aminoglycoside resistance pattern determinations revealed the presence of the ANT(49)-I enzyme (aminoglycoside 49 adenyltransferase) in all group 1 isolates but was unable to demonstrate presence of this enzyme in group 2 organisms. The APH(2") + AAC(69)-II enzyme (aminoglycoside 2" phosphotransferase plus 69 acetyltransferase) was found in all of the group 2 isolates but in none of the group 1 isolates. Use of DNA hybridization revealed the presence of the ANT(49)-I enzyme in both groups (group 1, 14 of 15; group 2, 26 of 28). In this hospital outbreak, we found good correlation between disk susceptibility, plasmid profile, aminoglycoside resistance patterns, and DNA hybridization results. It was difficult to predict the presence of the ANT(49)-I enzyme in the presence of the bifunctional [APH(2") + AAC(69)-II] enzyme by the aminoglycoside resistance pattern method because of overlap of the substrate profile. Images
Injection of Ultraviolet-Damage-Specific Enzyme by T4 Bacteriophage

Abstract When UV-irradiated T4 bacteriophage (v+) infects in the presence of chloramphenicol, the phage DNA rapidly acquires single-stranded breaks proportional to the dose of UV. In contrast, when UV-irradiated T4 v1 (radiation sensitive mutant) infects under identical conditions, the phage DNA remains integral. A series of coinfections with v+ and v1 phage (UV-v1 + majority non-UV-v+ and UV-v+ and majority non-UV-v1) show that the enzyme responsible for breakage is injected by the phage. It is also demonstrated that the v1 phage injects an inactive enzyme that delays breakage by the v+ enzyme and interferes with subsequent repair. The cross of v+ and v1 phage produces mixed progeny that contain both active and inactive enzyme in a single capsid. The possible function of this breaking enzyme, necessitating injection of multiple copies, is considered.
Teaching management of information resources: A course description

This paper describes the contents, requirements, and pedagogy of a course in information resources management. This course deals with subjects of importance to business, industry and governmental agencies. The multiplicity and complexity of issues necessitates a diversified yet comprehensive approach to presenting the material to the students as well as designing the course requirements. These requirements are exhibited in a variety of assignments designed to sharpen the skills of the students in the subject of information resources management, as well as providing them a practical experience in solving business problems. The paper details the types and contents of the required assignments, as well as how these assignments are graded. Furthermore, it describes the assessment of these assignments and the class structure established by the students themselves. Data that have been collected from students over several classes are presented and analyzed.
Connectivism and the Use of Technology/Media in Collaborative Teaching and Learning

This chapter explores the ways in which a relational understanding of the education process and the use of collaborative technologies in the connectivist tradition might inform and transform university teaching.
Strabo: a system for extracting road vector data from raster maps

Raster maps contain valuable road information, which is especially important for the areas where road vector data are otherwise not readily accessible. However, converting the road information in raster maps to road vector data usually requires significant user effort to achieve high accuracy. In this demo, we present Strabo, which is a system that extracts road vector data from heterogeneous raster maps. We demonstrate Strabo's fully automatic technique for extracting road vector data from raster maps with good image quality and the semi-automatic technique for handling raster maps with poor image quality. We show that Strabo requires minimal user input for extracting road vector data from raster maps with varying map complexity (i.e., overlapping features in maps) and image quality.
The Transmission of Powder Films in the Infra-Red

Infra-red transmission measurements on dry films of quartz and zinc sulfide powders are presented. The effects of particle size, layer thickness, and the optical constants of the materials are discussed.