cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pigmented tumors in fallow deer (Dama dama): 11 cases:

Pigmented tumors have been reported infrequently in captive deer. We document herein the clinical progression and gross and histopathologic features of pigmented tumors diagnosed as melanoma and pi...
Assessing Trends in the Epidemiology of Concussions Among High School Athletes

Objectives:Approximately 300,000 youth athletes suffer a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI) known as a concussion annually while participating in organized athletics. Using data from the mos...
Choosing Wisely: Optimizing Routine Workup for the Newly Diagnosed Breast Cancer Patient

The American Board of Internal Medicine Foundation’s Choosing Wisely (CW) campaign has promoted a dialogue about avoiding unnecessary medical services since 2012. We review the evidence base, trends in utilization, and implications of CW recommendations relevant to the routine workup of newly diagnosed early stage breast cancer patients. There are several CW recommendations addressing routine workup of newly diagnosed breast cancer: • Do not perform PET, CT, and radionuclide bone scans in the staging of early breast cancer at low risk for metastasis - These studies are obtained in 10–20% of patients, especially those with Stage IIB disease • Do not routinely order breast MRI in new breast cancer patients with average risk - Evidence of long-term benefit to preoperative MRI is lacking, but approximately 1 in 4 breast cancer patients receive one, often leading to additional interventions • Do not routinely order specialized tumor gene testing in all new breast cancer patients - Evolving guidelines are expanding eligible populations for genetic assay driven clinical decision-making, with mixed implications for adjuvant chemotherapy utilization • Do not routinely use sentinel node biopsy in clinically node negative women ≥ 70 years of age with hormone receptor positive invasive breast cancer - The vast majority of such patients—85–90%— undergo sentinel node biopsy despite questions about the benefit of axillary staging in an elderly population CW recommendations offer a useful starting point for the discussion of optimal routine workup for breast cancer. Continued efforts are needed to define the marginal value of different tests and interventions and to develop mechanisms to incentivize and measure adoption of best practices.
Using 3-Dimensional Modeling to Customize Titanium Plates for Repair of Chest Wall Trauma.

Background. Open reduction and internal fixation of rib fractures is recommended to decrease mortality, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, and lower hospital length of stay. Prosthetic titanium plates are frequently used to repair chest wall trauma, and are typically contoured to the patient’s anatomy at the time of implant in the operating room. We describe the use of 3-dimensional (3D) digitally corrected rapid prototyping to generate a model of a patient’s skeletal anatomy for the purposes of preoperative customization of standard titanium plates for fixation of rib fractures. Methods. A computed tomography imaging Digital Imaging and Communication in Medicine data set was segmented. Rib fractures were virtually realigned using the mirrored normal anatomy as a guide. The model was printed and used to customize titanium rib fixation plates prior to the procedure. Results. Preoperative shaping of 5 titanium plates using the final 3D model required a total of 5.65 minutes. Surgical fixation o...
BOREAS TE-6 Allometry Data

The BOREAS TE-6 team collected several data sets in support of its efforts to characterize and interpret information on the plant biomass, allometry, biometry, sapwood, leaf area index, net primary production, soil temperature, leaf water potential, soil CO2 flux, and multivegetation imagery of boreal vegetation. This data set includes tree measurements conducted on the above-ground biomass of trees in the BOREAS NSA and SSA during the growing seasons of 1994 and 1995 and the derived allometric relationships/equations. The data are stored in ASCII files. The data files are available on a CD-ROM (see document number 20010000884), or from the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distrobuted Activity Archive Center (DAAC).
Design (In)tensions in mathematics curriculum

Abstract Designers of curriculum materials have intentions, which are goals and visions for what will happen in the classroom and the way that mathematics will be experienced by students and a teacher. These perspectives inform design decisions that aim to enable teachers to enact this vision and achieve these goals in expected contexts. Yet teachers and students have their own goals and visions, or different contextual conditions, that may be different from or even at odds with those of the curriculum designers. These potential differences result in design tensions, which reflect the conflicting demands on the curriculum materials. In this article, we call attention to multiple dimensions of design tensions that are central to the broader goals of curriculum reform.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure-response assessment of veliparib co-administered with temozolomide in patients with myeloid leukemias.

Veliparib is an oral inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme. Combination of veliparib and temozolomide was well-tolerated and demonstrated clinical activity in older patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or AML arising from pre-existing myeloid malignancies. We aimed to perform quantitative assessments of pharmacokinetics, efficacy, and safety of veliparib in this patient population to inform future trial design. Population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using Phoenix® NLME with pharmacokinetic data obtained from 37 subjects after oral administration of veliparib in a Phase I study with and without temozolomide. Effect of covariates (age, sex, BMI, creatinine clearance (CLCR), and co-administration of temozolomide) on the pharmacokinetics of veliparib were evaluated, as well as impact of veliparib exposure on mucositis (dose-limiting toxicity), objective response rate (ORR), and overall survival. A two-compartment model with first-order elimination and a first-order absorption with lag-time adequately described veliparib pharmacokinetics. CLCR and body weight were clinically significant covariates for veliparib disposition. The proportion of subjects with all grade mucositis increased with veliparib exposure (AUC). However, no trend in ORR and overall survival was observed with increasing exposure. Veliparib with temozolomide presents a promising combination for older patients with myeloid leukemias. An exposure–safety relationship was established for this combination. Further clinical investigations aimed at elucidating the veliparib exposure–efficacy/safety relationship and optimizing dosing recommendations for maximizing benefit–risk in patients with advanced myeloid malignancies should study veliparib doses ranging up to 120 mg in combination with temozolomide.
Analysis of color rendition specification criteria

Methods for evaluating light source color rendition have recently undergone substantial changes. This article explores the ability of color rendition specification criteria to capture preferences for lighting color quality. For a compilation of five recent psychophysical studies on perceptions of colors, recently proposed specification criteria using ANSI/IES TM-30-18 substantially outperformed all currently used specification criteria in identifying preferred lighting conditions. To understand the consequences of changing color rendition specification criteria, the performance of a set of 484 commercially-available SPDs was evaluated.
Substrate oxidation enhances the electrochemical production of hydrogen peroxide.

Hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) is electrochemically produced via oxygen (O_2) reduction on a carbon cathode surface. In order to enhance the production of H_2O_2, anodic loss pathways, which significantly reduce the overall H_2O_2 production rate, should be inhibited. In this study, we investigate the effects of organic electron donors (i.e., typical chemical contaminants) on the anodic loss pathways of H_2O_2 in a single-cell electrochemical reactor that employs an anode composed of TiO_2 over-coated on a mixed-metal oxide ohmic contact catalyst, Ir_(0.7)Ta_(0.3)O_2, deposited on a Ti-metal that is coupled with a graphite rod cathode in a sodium sulfate (Na_2SO_4) electrolyte that is saturated with oxygen (O_2). Organic electron donors are shown to enhance the electrochemical production of H_2O_2, while simultaneously undergoing oxidative degradation. The observed positive effect of organic electron donors on the electrochemical production of H_2O_2 is due in part to a preferential adsorption of organic substrates on the TiO_2 outer layer of the anode. The sorption of the organic electron donors inhibits the formation of surficial titanium hydroperoxo species ( Ti-OOH) on the anode surface. The organic sorbates also act as scavengers of surface-bound hydroxyl radical Ti-OH. As a result, the decomposition of H_2O_2 on the anode surface is significantly reduced. The cathodic production rate of H_2O_2 at low pH is enhanced due to proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) to O_2, while the anodic decomposition of H_2O_2 is inhibited due to electrostatic interactions between negatively-charged organic substrates and a positively-charged outer surface of the anode (TiO_2 pH_(zpc) = 5.8) at low pH.
Driving Pressure: Defining the Range.

BACKGROUND: Recent literature suggests that optimization of tidal driving pressure (ΔP) would be a better variable to target for lung protection at the bedside than tidal volume (VT) or plateau pressure (Pplat), the traditional indicators of ventilator-induced lung injury. However, the usual range or variability of ΔP over time for any subject category have not been defined. This study sought to document the ΔP ranges observed in current practice among mechanically ventilated subjects receiving routine care for diverse acute conditions in a community hospital environment. METHODS: This was a retrospective, observational study in a university-affiliated and house staff–aided institution with respiratory care protocols based on extant lung-protective guidelines for VT. Demographic characteristics and measured parameters related to mechanical ventilation and hemodynamics were extracted from electronic records of intubated subjects for each 8-h period of the first 24 h in the ICU. Pplat values reported by the ventilator were validated by the respiratory therapist before those data were entered into the electronic medical record. RESULTS: The mean ΔP was significantly higher at Time 1 (mean 16.1, range 7.0–31.0 cm H2O) compared to both Time 2 (mean 14.5, range 7.0–35.0 cm H2O) (P CONCLUSIONS: Suggested safety thresholds for ΔP are often violated by a strategy that focuses on only VT and Pplat. Our data suggest that ΔP is lower for passive versus triggered breathing cycles. Vigilance is especially important in the initial stages of mechanical ventilator support, and attention should be paid to triggering efforts when interpreting and comparing machine-determined numerical values for ΔP.
Textual Signatures: Identifying Text-Types Using Latent Semantic Analysis to Measure the Cohesion of Text Structures

Just as a sentence is far more than a mere concatenation of words, a text is far more than a mere concatenation of sentences. Texts contain pertinent information that co-refers across sentences and paragraphs [30]; texts contain relations between phrases, clauses, and sentences that are often causally linked [21], [51], [56]; and texts that depend on relating a series of chronological events contain temporal features that help the reader to build a coherent representation of the text [19], [55]. We refer to textual features such as these as cohesive elements, and they occur within paragraphs (locally), across paragraphs (globally), and in forms such as referential, causal, temporal, and structural [18], [22], [36]. But cohesive elements, and by consequence cohesion, does not simply feature in a text as dialogues tend to feature in narratives, or as cartoons tend to feature in newspapers. That is, cohesion is not present or absent in a binary or optional sense. Instead, cohesion in text exists on a continuum of presence, which is sometimes indicative of the text-type in question [12], [37], [41] and sometimes indicative of the audience for which the text was written [44], [47]. In this chapter, we discuss the nature and importance of cohesion; we demonstrate a computational tool that measures cohesion; and, most importantly, we demonstrate a novel approach to identifying text-types by incorporating contrasting rates of cohesion.
Vestibular nerve section via retrolabyrinthine craniotomy

Meniere's disease can cause debilitating dizziness and vertigo despite maximal medical management. In select patients, treatment with vestibular nerve section provides optimal outcomes for symptom control and hearing preservation. Vestibular nerve section is also indicated in other vestibular disorders, including refractory uncompensated vestibular neuritis. Surgical approaches for vestibular nerve section include the retrolabyrinthine, retrosigmoid, middle fossa, and translabyrinthine craniotomies. The advantages of the retrolabyrinthine approach include rapid access, excellent visualization of the facial and cochlear nerves, and the possibility of hearing preservation in conjunction with consistent outcomes for vestibular symptoms. In this chapter, we discuss the retrolabyrinthine approach for vestibular nerve section, providing the reader with an overview of when, why, and how to employ the technique.
Perimenstrual Asthma in Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease

Background Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) is a condition of the upper and lower respiratory tract characterized by reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The Severe Asthma Research Program reported a strong association between perimenstrual asthma (PMA) and aspirin-sensitive asthma. Objective To evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of PMA among a cohort of patients with AERD. Methods Women 18 years and older enrolled in the Brigham and Women's AERD registry were surveyed about their reproductive, asthma, and sinus history. Subjects reporting the development of asthma before menopause were included. Continuous and categorical variables were compared between those reporting menstruation as a trigger for asthma symptoms and those who did not. Covariates expected a priori to have a positive effect on the odds of PMA were included in a multivariate logistic regression model to test associations between PMA and clinical factors. Results Among females of childbearing potential, 369 of 695 responded to the survey and 322 met inclusion criteria. Twenty-four percent of subjects (n = 74) reported PMA. Earlier age of AERD onset, concurrent worsening of sinus symptoms the week before or during menstruation, increased emergency department visits for asthma, and a change in the severity of respiratory symptoms at menopause were more common in PMA. Earlier age at first nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug–induced respiratory reaction and emergency department visits increased the odds of reporting PMA. Conclusions PMA and increased sinus symptoms with menstruation are common in females with AERD. Females with AERD should be counseled about upper and lower respiratory symptom deterioration with menstruation.
PyMDA: microcrystal data assembly using Python

The recent developments at microdiffraction X-ray beamlines are making microcrystals of macromolecules appealing subjects for routine structural analysis. Microcrystal diffraction data collected at synchrotron microdiffraction beamlines may be radiation damaged with incomplete data per microcrystal and with unit-cell variations. A multi-stage data assembly method has previously been designed for microcrystal synchrotron crystallography. Here the strategy has been implemented as a Python program for microcrystal data assembly (PyMDA). PyMDA optimizes microcrystal data quality including weak anomalous signals through iterative crystal and frame rejections. Beyond microcrystals, PyMDA may be applicable for assembling data sets from larger crystals for improved data quality.
Flux vacua and modularity

Geometric modularity has recently been conjectured to be a characteristic feature for flux vacua with $W=0$. This paper provides support for the conjecture by computing motivic modular forms in a direct way for several string compactifications for which such vacua are known to exist. The analysis of some Calabi-Yau manifolds which do not admit supersymmetric flux vacua shows that the reverse of the conjecture does not hold.
Clinical Inference From Cardiovascular Imaging: Paradigm Shift Towards Machine-Based Intelligent Platform

Diagnostic imaging plays an indispensable role in the modern management of cardiovascular diseases. Despite significant advances in imaging modalities, the workflow in clinical imaging requires a great deal of human input. With increasing demands in patient care, current workflows in cardiovascular imaging face a number of challenges which include insufficient number of specialists, time constraints, learning curves, and inter-observer variability. Automated techniques using revolutionary approaches with machine learning can fundamentally alter our interpretation process and produce smarter, faster, and efficient results. With the emergence of big data and deep learning techniques which enable direct inference of image data without intensive feature engineering or can process raw images directly. Machine learning has been rapidly adopted in the field of medicine and has shown its fast and reproducible automatic inference in various cardiovascular imaging modalities, including echocardiography, nuclear imaging, cardiac computed tomography, and cardiac magnetic resonance. While deep domain knowledge of cardiovascular disease remains the cornerstone throughout the process, physicians may be relieved from mundane tasks using automation and be able to spend more time on decision-making and communication with patients and other medical staff in the new paradigm brought by machine learning. In this review article, we explore the role of machine in the clinical inference from cardiac imaging data recently.
How safe is surgery in obese lung cancer patients

e17555 Background: Obesity is a risk factor for increased peri-operative morbidity and mortality in surgery. There have been limited studies to correlate morbidity of lung cancer resection with obe...
The Relationship Between Perceived Discrimination and School/Work–Family Conflict Among Graduate Student-Parents:

Work–family conflict (WFC) is commonly experienced by individuals who have roles in both the work and family domains including graduate students with children and/or dependents. Graduate student-pa...
Intergenerational transmission of maternal overprotection and child anxiety in substance-using families

The current study investigated an intergenerational transmission model between maternal overprotection and child anxiety across three generations, among a sample of substance-using women and their children. Participants included 183 mother-child pairs. Mothers reported overprotective behaviors of their own mothers, as well as their own anxiety symptoms and substance use at baseline. Mothers reported their adolescents' internalizing behaviors, and adolescents reported their mothers' overprotection, five times over 1.5 years. Growth curve models showed that overprotection among the first generation (G1) mothers was related to anxiety among the second generation (G2) mothers and sequentially the rate of change of overprotection among G2 mothers. Baseline overprotection among G2 mothers was related to baseline internalizing problems among the third generation (G3). More importantly, substance use among G2 mothers moderated the link between the rate of change in overprotection among G2 mothers and the rate of change in internalizing problems among G3 children. Findings uncover the intergenerational transmission model of overprotection-anxiety and shed light upon the complex relations among anxiety, substance use, and parenting in substance-using families.
Engagement and Workplace Satisfaction of Emergency Medicine Faculty in the United States.

Objectives The objective was to determine the drivers of workplace satisfaction and attrition for emergency medicine (EM) faculty in U.S. medical schools. Methods Dimensions of workplace satisfaction measured in the Association of American Medical Colleges StandPoint Faculty Engagement Survey from 36 U.S. Liaison Committee on Medical Accreditation-accredited medical schools were analyzed by multiple regression analysis to determine the factors associated with overall workplace satisfaction and intention to leave. These were compared to faculty from non-EM clinical departments. Results In total, 737 EM faculty (response rate 66%) completed the survey. Over 50% of EM faculty are less than 45 years old, of junior rank, and on a nontenure track, different than non-EM colleagues. Overall satisfaction with one's department as a place to work was 76% and one's medical school as a place to work was 69%, similar to other clinical faculty. Overall satisfaction is 87% for EM faculty with a formal mentor compared to 68% for those who do not. One's nature of work, departmental governance, collegiality and collaboration, and the clinical practice environment are significant factors in overall workplace satisfaction. EM faculty spend significantly more time on teaching and administrative tasks and less time on research than non-EM faculty. Overall functioning of the ED and ability to provide high-quality care in their practice environment is lower for EM than non-EM faculty. Survey dimensions were poor predictors of intention to leave. Conclusions Overall EM faculty have high workplace satisfaction similar to other specialties. Ensuring strong departmental leadership, improving the clinical practice environment, and increasing access to a formal mentor may be effective strategies to improve workplace satisfaction for EM faculty.
Smaller Slices of a Growing Pie: The Effects of Entry in Platform Markets

The entry of firms into a platform has an ambiguous effect on the profitability of incumbent firms' operating on the platform: While entry increases competitive pressure on incumbents, supply-side ...
Gene Knockout in a Cephalopod

Research using squid as a model led to seminal breakthroughs in diverse areas of biology and biophysics. Despite their biological novelties, such as possessing by far the largest brains among invertebrates, highly plastic systems for camouflage, and an advanced system for recoding genetic information as it passes through mRNA, squid and other cephalopods are not widely used in research today. This is mostly because at present they are genetically intractable. In this work we demonstrate the first gene knockout in a cephalopod. The pigments in squid chromatophores and retinas are ommochromes. In many organisms, the first step in ommochrome biosynthesis is catalyzed by Tryptophan 2,3 Dioxygenase (TDO). We show that in the squid Doryteuthis pealeii TDO message is highly expressed in chromatophores and eyes, and that pigmentation can be blocked in developing embryos using TDO-specific antagonists. Likewise, TDO knockouts in developing embryos using the CRISPR-Cas9 system efficiently eliminated pigmentation. By fertilizing oocytes in vitro and precisely timing CRISPR-Cas9 delivery, the degree of pigmentation could be finely controlled. Genotyping of hatchlings through deep sequencing revealed highly efficient gene knockouts (routinely greater than 90%) in the G0 generation. These results open a pathway for exploring gene function in cephalopods and the associated biological innovations.
Roll-to-roll micromolding of UV curable coatings

In this study, fast and continuous fabrication of microscale structures by roll-to-roll UV imprinting or micromolding is demonstrated on a 121 mm wide web. This process is enabled by a UV curable thiol-ene-acrylate resin system, following the work of Stadlober and coworkers. A series of formulations were prepared with fast curing speeds at ambient conditions, low viscosities, and tunable mechanical properties. The rate and extent of curing as a function of the formulation composition were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Consistent with the past work, we show that the thiol-ene-acrylate formulations reached high double bond conversions (> 80%) with the maximum conversion increasing with the relative thiol content and decreasing with the viscous urethane acrylate oligomer content. The double bond conversion of the patterned coatings (in contact with the mold) is shown to be ~ 80% for a range of UV lamp powers and web speeds up to 2.7 cm/s. Areas of the coating not covered by the mold required higher UV lamp power and/or lower web speeds to cure to a tack-free state. Microscale channels and arrays of recessed wells with various dimensions and pattern densities were continuously fabricated. Our findings show the successful use of a tetrafunctional thiol in the thiol-ene-acrylate resin system. We also discuss guidelines for the selection of processing conditions for the manufacturing of structured plastic substrates using roll-to-roll imprinting processes, opening up potential new applications.
Maternal and Neonatal Morbidity after Cesarean Delivery for Active Phase Arrest following Adoption of the Obstetric Care Consensus Guidelines.

Objective In an effort to reduce the primary cesarean delivery (CD) rate, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommended new labor guidelines in 2014 that allow longer duration of labor times. There are little data on the impact of these guidelines on CD rates and pregnancy outcomes in a predominantly Hispanic population. This study aimed to compare the primary CD rates and maternal and neonatal outcomes in patients undergoing primary CD for arrest of labor before and after implementation of the 2014 guidelines. Study design This was a retrospective cohort study of term patients who underwent a CD for an arrest disorder between January 2011 and April 2017 at a county teaching hospital. Our primary outcome was the composite maternal and neonatal morbidities (CMM and CNM, respectively). Differences in the demographic and clinical characteristics, CMM, and CNM stratified by time period (pre- vs. postimplementation) were examined. Results There were 4,976 deliveries in the study period: 525 (11%) underwent primary CD for arrest disorder; 298 (6%) prior to 2014, and 227 (5%) after 2014 (p = 0.62). There was no significant difference in the rate of CD between the two periods (13.4 vs. 13.3%, p = 0.81). In patients undergoing CD for arrest of dilation (n = 389), the CMM and CNM did not significantly change between both groups (63.3 vs. 56%, p = 0.15). In patients who had a CD for arrest of descent (n = 136), the rate of CMM significantly increased from 50 to 75% (p = 0.02) with no significant change in the CNM (13.2 vs. 20%, p = 0.3). Conclusion Despite significant changes in labor management after the publication of the 2014 guidelines, our primary CD rate was not reduced, and we noticed an increase in CMM in patients who had CD for arrest of descent. A randomized controlled trial is needed to further evaluate the effect of these guidelines nationally. Key points · The Obstetric Care Consensus statement aims to decrease the rate of cesarean delivery (CD).. · We observed an increase in morbidity in CD if done for arrest of descent (pre/post the consensus).. · A randomized controlled trial is needed to further assess the impact of the guidelines on morbidity..
Ranked Choice Voting and Youth Voter Turnout: The Roles of Campaign Civility and Candidate Contact

Ranked choice voting (RCV) has become increasing popular in the United States as more cities and states begin allowing voters to rank candidates in order of preference. This change in election system has been linked to increased campaign civility and mobilization, but with little evidence suggesting these benefits lead to increased voter turnout in the general population. This study argues that RCV elections may not increase overall voting but will increase youth voting. Considering young Americans, who have become increasingly pessimistic towards politics and are also heavily reliant on mobilization for participation, this study argues that increased campaign civility and mobilization may work to offset the negative feelings and lack of political engagement that plague young Americans. Using a matched study of individual level voter turnout for seven RCV and fourteen non-RCV local elections from 2013 and 2014, we find that there is no statistical difference in voting rates between RCV and plurality cities for the general public. Yet, in line with our hypotheses, younger voters are more likely to vote in RCV cities. Further, we find that increased contact in RCV elections accounts for a larger portion of the increased voter turnout compared to perceptions of campaign civility. Findings suggest RCV acts as a positive mobilizing force for youth voting through increasing campaign contact.
Pedagogy + Reflection: A Problem-Based Learning Case in Interior Design

Interior design education aims to provide students with real learning experiences. The authors, hence, combined problem-based learning (PBL) and design thinking to design a seven-week studio project in the Interior design program at a land-grant Midwest university. Thirty-two sophomores were engaged in different stages of the design process for the education wing of Minnesota’s official natural history museum in collaboration with Perkins+ Will, a global architecture and design firm. Students explored design thinking via interactions with stakeholders and practitioners who participated in the creation of the Museum. This approach allowed students to gain insights about the design challenge plus the pros and cons of their solutions. For seven weeks, students in teams of three immersed themselves in a diverse and real design environment. They learned how to communicate, collaborate, and compromise to accomplish the common goal of finding the most relevant solution for the design problem at hand. The authors collected students’ reflections on their learning experiences at the end of the project. This paper discusses the lessons we learned from this interior design PBL case.
Encouraging CS students to compute for social good through collaborative, community-engaged projects

Which pedagogical techniques better engage computer science (CS) students in computing for social good? We examine this question with students enrolled in classes using the Collaborating Across Boundaries to Engage Undergraduates in Computational Thinking (CABECT) pedagogical model, that pairs CS and non-CS courses with a community partner to propose solutions to a local problem. Pre- and post-tests of self-assessed concerns about civic responsibility, global responsibility, and local civic efficacy were administered to the students in a three-year long pedagogical experiment, which paired five CS courses with five journalism courses. While CS students were not statistically different from their journalism peers in pre-test measures of social and global responsibility, they lagged behind in local efficacy. In the posttest, CS students had significantly increased their sense of local efficacy to the extent that they were statistically indistinguishable from journalism students. Community-engaged learning projects, such as the one in the CABECT model, show great potential for attracting students to computing for social good.
Introgressive hybridization erodes morphological divergence between lentic and lotic habitats in an endangered minnow

Introgressive hybridization may erode phenotypic divergence along environmental gradients, collapsing locally adapted populations into a hybrid swarm. Alternatively, introgression may promote phenotypic divergence by providing variation on which natural selection can act. In freshwater fishes, water flow often selects for divergent morphological traits in lake versus stream habitats. We tested the effects of introgression on lake-stream morphological divergence in the minnow Owens Tui Chub (Siphateles bicolor snyderi), which has been rendered endangered by introgession from the introduced Lahontan Tui Chub (Siphateles bicolor obesa). Using geometric morphometric analysis of 457 individual Tui Chub from thirteen populations, we found that both native and introgressing parent taxa exhibited divergent body and caudal fin shapes in lake versus stream habitats, but their trajectories of divergence were distinct. In contrast, introgressed populations exhibited intermediate body and caudal fin shapes that were not differentiated by habitat type, indicating that introgression has eroded phenotypic divergence along the lentic-lotic gradient throughout the historic range of the Owens Tui Chub. Individuals within hybrid populations were less morphologically variable than those within parent populations, suggesting hybrid adaptation to selective agents other than water flow or loss of variance by drift.
50 Gb/s PAM-4 VCSELs operating up to 125°C

850-nm VCSELs are designed for high temperature operations. High bandwidth with a flat frequency response, low RIN and narrow spectral width enable 50 Gb/s PAM-4 up to 125°C, demonstrating the capability for harsh environment applications.
Eating behavior by sleep duration in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos.

Abstract Sleep is an important pillar of health and a modifiable risk factor for diabetes, stroke and obesity. Little is known of diet and sleep patterns of Hispanics/Latinos in the US. Here we examine eating behavior as a function of sleep duration in a sub-sample of 11,888 participants from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, a community-based cohort study of Hispanics aged 18–74 years in four US cities. Using a cross-sectional probability sample with self-report data on habitual sleep duration and up to two 24-h dietary recalls, we quantified the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) score, a measure of diet quality, and intake of selected nutrients related to cardiovascular health. Linear regression models were fit to estimate least-square means of usual nutrient intake of saturated fats, potassium density, fiber, calcium, caffeine and the AHEI-2010 score by sleep duration adjusting for age, sex, Hispanic/Latino background, income, employment status, education, depressive symptomology, and years lived in the US. Distribution of calories over the day and association with sleep duration and BMI were also examined. Short sleepers (≤6 h) had significantly lower intake of potassium, fiber and calcium and long sleepers (≥9 h) had significantly lower intake of caffeine compared to others sleepers after adjusting for covariates. However no difference in the AHEI-2010 score was seen by sleep duration. Significantly more long sleepers, compared to intermediate and short sleepers, reported having ≥30% total daily calories before bedtime. Not consuming a snack or meal within 3 h before bedtime was associated with higher AHEI-2010 scores. These findings identify novel differences in dietary patterns by sleep duration in a Hispanic/Latino cohort in the U.S. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02060344
A tensão republicana entre a universalidade da cidadania e a parcialidade da ação político-partidária: uma perspectiva protestante tradicional

The article studies the lack of justification of the public policies. This lack creates moral dilemmas to reflect theoretically the relationship between faith and politics. One of the dilemmas lies in the political confusion between the privacy of individual awareness and publicity of government management. The paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach between theology and pedagogy to examine faith and political relationship in the current political and social conjuncture Brazilian. Faith and political relationship from the perspective of liberation theology comes closest to theoretical concept of the separation than the distinction. Bobbio and Freire are the main theoretical references for pedagogical analysis of the relationship between faith and politics from the perspective of popular education. The conclusion justifies because, for the Republican morality, the school has a legal obligation and the teaching staff have scientific expertise to provide universal compulsory education as part of complex training for citizenship.
Temperature-Dependent Spectral Mismatch Corrections

This paper develops the mathematical foundation for a translation of solar cell short-circuit current from one thermal and spectral irradiance operating condition to another without the use of ill-defined and error-prone temperature coefficients typically employed in solar cell metrology. Using the partial derivative of quantum efficiency with respect to temperature, the conventional isothermal expression for spectral mismatch corrections is modified to account for changes of current due to temperature; this modification completely eliminates the need for short-circuit-current temperature coefficients. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate use of the new translation.
Heterodyning and nonlinear QWIPs

Summary form only given. We have carried out several experiments on device optimization for high absorption, on heterodyne detection up to 82 GHz, and on various nonlinear effects using GaAs/AlGaAs QWIPs. Near-ideal (/spl sim/100%) absorption quantum efficiency and room-temperature operation have been achieved, with specially designed devices having a large number of quantum wells and high well doping densities. Record-high frequencies up to 82GHz have been reached in heterodyne detection. Nonlinear effects caused by nonuniformity in potential distribution and laser intensity variation have been studied. Auto-correlation using a two-photon process has been demonstrated.
Intelligible, comprehensible, non-native models in ESL/EFL pronunciation teaching

Abstract Pronunciation models in the teaching of English as a second language (ESL) and English as foreign language (EFL) are changing. This paper reviews purposes for pronunciation teaching, questions the hegemony of native English speaker (NES) models, and explores the possibility of incorporating at least some attention to non-native English speaker (NNES) models when teaching ESL or EFL pronunciation. A premise is that samples of non-native English (NNE) speech are useful as pronunciation models as long as they are intelligible and comprehensible. Two advantages of working with illustrations of intelligible, comprehensible NNE language samples are their transparency as aspirational models and relevance to learners' pronunciation needs. In support of this position, the paper reports questionnaire research through which 34 specialists in pronunciation teaching characterized the qualities of a recorded speech sample of an NNES, the award winning film actor Javier Bardem. One purpose was to determine if Bardem is a comprehensible NNES. A second purpose was to characterize qualities of Bardem's speech as a way of informing pronunciation pedagogy. The changes in instructional perspectives and teaching practices the paper proposes reject a deficit model of NNE pronunciation and foreground positive dimensions of what intelligible, comprehensible NNESs are able to do well.
Comparative approaches to the study of physiology: Drosophila as a physiological tool

Numerous studies have detailed the extensive conservation of developmental signaling pathways between the model system, Drosophila melanogaster, and mammalian models, but researchers have also prof...
Determination of Soil Lead Variability in Residential Soil for Remediation Decision Making

Eighty soil cores were collected from a residential area adjacent to an automobile battery manufacturing facility to determine the level and variability of lead concentrations in the soil. Results of ICP-MS on HNO3 digestions showed lead concentrations in the residential soil as high as 2760 mg kg-1. High variability of lead concentrations of two to three times over short distances, less than a meter, indicated the necessity of remediating the entire soil area based on a clean-up level of 400 mg kg-1. To delineate areas of soil requiring no remediation at a high level of confidence would have required a more extensive soil sampling survey. High lead concentrations in the residential soil to a depth of approximately 15 cm indicated remediationof residential soil to at least this depth may be necessary. Overall, the high variability of lead concentrations in the residential soil was consistent with a soil having been disturbed by residential activity and illustrated the difficulty in using a single sample per residentialyard for making correct remediation decisions.
A review of humeral stem removal during revision shoulder arthroplasty

Abstract Despite the overwhelming clinical success of shoulder arthroplasty, several situations may arise that necessitate revision arthroplasty. This often requires removal of the humeral component. Extraction of a humeral prosthesis is a technically demanding procedure, which requires an understanding of the indications for humeral component explantation, careful preoperative planning, knowledge of the humeral component to be removed, a grasp of several different methods of stem removal, and the tools required. Cement extraction often poses substantial technical challenges and requires further specialized instruments. Surgeons should be prepared to manage specific complications that may arise such as canal perforation and humerus fracture.
Phosphorylation of MARCKS, neuromodulin, and neurogranin by protein kinase C exhibits differential responses to diacylglycerols.

Diacylglycerols (DG) derived from brain phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) and synthetic 1,2-dioleoylglycerol (diC18:1) and 1,2-dioctanoylglycerol (diC8) were tested for their efficacy in stimulating PKC-catalyzed phosphorylation of three physiological substrates in the brain, namely, MARCKS, neuromodulin (Nm), and neurogranin (Ng). The A0.5 of these DGs for PKC were variable dependent on the protein substrates; the values were lowest with MARCKS and highest with Ng. With Ng as a substrate the A0.5 of these DGs for PKC γ were PI- and PC-DGs < diC18:1 < diC8. Both PI- and PC-DGs, in spite of their differences in unsaturated fatty acids content, were similarly effective in stimulating PKC. Since the phosphorylation of MARCKS, as compared to those of Nm and Ng, has the lowest A0.5 with the various DGs, it seems that among these three PKC substrates MARCKS is most readily phosphorylated by PKCs following DG formation in vivo.
EFFICIENT ITERATIVE ARMA APPROXIMATION OF MULTIVARIATE RANDOM PROCESSES FOR STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS APPLICATIONS

SUMMARY An efficient Auto-Regressive Moving-Avera. (ARM A) approximation method is ~ted for simulating stationary random pr~ with specified (target) power spectra in conjuDCtion with structural dynamics applications. It invol~ an iterative algorithm developed for minimi7:ina a physically motivated 'enerIY' measure, in the frequency domain, of the ARMA approximation of an AR ~releDtation or the target spectrum. The iterative algorithm can be used to adjust. for better spectral matching. the parameters of an arbitrary ARMA approximation or the random pr~ determined by any other method; this is accomplished without increasin8 the requisite order of the ARMA approximation. The efficiency of the propoied method is demonstrated by considerin8 spectra which are commonly used in earthquake engineering and OCe8nengineering. Over a period of years considerable effort bas been devoted to the problem of simulating stochastic processes with specified spectral characteristics; synthesized time histories can be readily used for dynamic analysis of complex engineering structures. The Auto-Regressive Moving-Average (ARMA) method has been established as an efficient tool for this purpose. It requires constructing an ARMA filter which adequately approximates the target spectrum. A two-stage ARMA approximation is one of the most versatile techniques in this regard;I-3 a 10ng' Auto-Regressive (AR) filter is constructed first and, then, the AR filter is approximated by a 'short' ARMA filter. This paper presents an efficient method for the two-stage ARMA approximation. An error criterion which quantifies the 'energy' of the discrepancy between the AR and ARMA approximations is utilized. An itrerative algorithm is developed to solve the associated error minimi7Ation problem. In this context the method can also be used to adjust the parameters of an arbitrary ARMA approximation of a random process, towards achieving improved spectral matching. To indicate the robustness of the proposed approximation method, spectra that are commonly used in offshore and earthquake engineering are considered.
AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGY IN AMERICAN CULTURE: THE PROBLEM OF INFLUENCE

American anthropologists have a PR problem. We know it, and it bothers us. A left-of-center discipline finds it difficult to get across its cultural criticism in a country with center-right mass media. To make matters worse, the discipline is cursed by the fact of having ancestors who hang around, whose contemporary public presence seems greater than anything the anthropologists of this world can muster. The greatest of these anthropological ghosts is Margaret Mead, whom some anthropologists have never forgiven for her celebrity. Even for those of us who admire her, her presence and that of a few other ancestral figures, like Franz Boas and Ruth Benedict, throw a glaring light on our own lack of a public voice.
Effects of Flood on Agricultural Productivity in Bangladesh

This article examines the impact of floods on agriculture in Bangladesh and argues that, although severe inundation destroys crops in the monsoon flood months, monsoon floods act as an open-access resource in supplying irrigational input to agriculture. District-level rice and jute productivity data for the period 1978–2000 are analyzed to investigate the long-term impacts of floods in terms of agricultural performance, comparing “more” flood-prone districts with “less” flood-prone districts. In addition, the short-term impacts of floods are analyzed on crops grown in the flood months and in subsequent, post-flood months. The results show that the area under cultivation and agricultural productivity are higher in the “more” flood-prone districts of Bangladesh. They also show that, while yield rates decline when floods assume “extreme” proportions, productivity increases during “normal” floods and in the post-flood months.
NMR relaxation study of molecular motions in phenylphosphine in the liquid state

Abstract The temperature dependence of the proton, deuterium and phosphorus spin-lattice relaxation times has been measured in liquid phenylphosphine, phenylphosphine-d 2 , phenylphosphine-d 5 , and phenylphosphine-d 7 . Using expressions valid for a symmetric top molecule the deuterium relaxation data enabled us to obtain the overall rotational diffusion constant D 2 and the rotational diffusion constant D i for the internal rotation of the PD 2 group about the CP bond. The 1 H and 31 P relaxation data have been analyzed in terms of individual contributions to the relaxation rate. It has been found that spin-internal rotation coupling provides the dominant relaxation mechanism for 31 P in liquid phenylphosphine at temperatures above 260°K. Approximate potential barrier to internal rotation has been calculated; viscosities and densities of phenylphosphine have also been measured over the temperature range 220–350°K.