cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Atypical CSF findings in West Nile neuroinvasive disease: A diagnostic and therapeutic conundrum.

West Nile virus (WNV) infections are typically asymptomatic. Less than 1% present with meningitis, encephalitis, myelitis, or acute flaccid paralysis, collectively coined West Nile neuroinvasive disease (WNND).1 In 2012, the most severe outbreak since 2003, there were 5,387 cases reported, of which 2,734 (51%) were WNND, resulting in 243 deaths.2
Analysis of mine ventilation systems using operations research methods

Abstract A mine ventilation system consists of interconnected airways, work places and ventilation control devices. It can be represented as a network, in which the airways and work places are depicted as lines and the connection points of these lines as nodes. This representation permits application of Operations Research methods in analysis and design of mine ventilation systems. This paper presents two Operations Research models for optimization of ventilation control device locations and sizes in two different mine ventilation systems: a controlled flow ventilation system, for which a mixed integer programming model is introduced, and a semi-controlled flow ventilation system, which is formulated as a nonlinear, nonconvex model. Two hypothetical examples are used to demonstrate the applicability of these models.
Magnetic Exchange Interaction Between Fe(110) Layers across a Ag(111) Intervening Layer

We have grown a series of Fe(110)/Ag(111)/Fe(110) sandwich structures using a PHI 430B MBE system and analyzed their magnetic properties using transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy. The heterostructures consisted of two 30-monolayer (ML) 56 Fe(110) slabs separated by an intervening Ag(111) layer 2 to 35 ML thick, with a 2 ML 57 Fe Mossbauer probe layer placed at one of the Fe/Ag interfaces. We found that temperature dependence of the hyperfine field in the probe layer and the saturation hyperfine field value as well stronly depend on the Ag interlayer thickness. This result demonstrates that there exists an interlayer magnetic exchange interaction between the Fe layers across Ag. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests that this is probably an RKKY interaction.
Ascending rockets as macroscopic self-propelled Brownian oscillators

High-fidelity numerical experiments and theoretical modelling are used to study the dynamics of a sounding-rocket-scale rocket, subject to altitude-dependent random wind and nozzle side loads and deterministic aerodynamic loading. This paper completes a series of studies that showed that Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) rotational dynamics arise when random nozzle side loads dominate wind and aerodynamic loading. In contrast to the earlier work, this paper elucidates that under conditions where aerodynamic, wind and nozzle side loads are comparable, the rocket behaves as stochastic Brownian oscillator. The Brownian oscillator model allows straightforward interpretation of the complex rotational dynamics observed: three dynamical regimes— each characterized by differing balances between nozzle-side-load-induced torques, spring-like aerodynamic torques and mass flux damping torques—characterize rocket ascent. Further, the paper illuminates that in the limit where wind and aerodynamic loads are small, random mass flux variations exponentially amplify side-load-induced rotational stochasticity. In this practical limit, pitch/yaw dynamics are described by a randomly damped OU process; an exact solution of the associated Fokker–Planck equation can be obtained and used to compute, e.g. time-dependent pitch/yaw rate means and variances.
PRIMA: policy-reduced integrity measurement architecture

We propose an integrity measurement approach based on information flow integrity,which we call the Policy-Reduced Integrity Measurement Architecture (PRIMA).The recent availability of secure hardware has made it practical for a system to measure its own integrity, such that it can generate an integrity proof for remote parties. Various approaches have been proposed,but most simply measure the loaded code and static data to approximate runtime system integrity.We find that these approaches suffer from two problems: (1)the load-time measurements of code alone do not accurately reflect runtime behaviors,such as the use of untrusted network data,and (2) they are ineficient,requiring all measured entities to be known and fully trusted even if they have no impact on the target application.Classical integrity models are based on information flow,so we design the PRIMA approach to enable measurement of information flow integrity and prove that it achieves these goals. We prove how a remote party can verify useful information flow integrity properties using PRIMA. A PRIMA prototype has been built based on the open-source Linux Integrity Measurement Architecture (IMA)using SELinux policies to provide the information flow.
Voltage-controlled tuning to optimize MEMS resonator array-composite output power

A voltage controlled electrical stiffness tuning method has been demonstrated to correct phase and amplitude mismatches between the constituent resonators in a half-wavelength (λ/2) mechanically coupled array-composite towards maximizing its output power. Via tuning, a nine-disk array-composite using 3 output resonators achieves an output current 2.91× larger than that of a single one of its constituent resonators, and only a bit short of the 3× theoretical maximum. Without tuning, the array-composite achieves only 2.78× the current of a single device, and the deviation from ideal is expected to increase with the number of resonators in the array. The amount of tuning available can be tailored in numerous ways, from sizing of electrode-to-disk gap spacing, to specifying the number of devices in the array involved with tuning, to simple variation of voltages across selected electrode-to-resonator gaps. By raising the power output of a high-Q micromechanical disk-array composite resonator, the method and design of this work stand to greatly lower the phase noise of oscillators referenced to such devices.
Regularization of Vector Fields by Surgery

Abstract : Regularization is a common procedure in the study of differential equations. The usual method is to multiply the vector field by a suitably chosen positive scalar function which vanishes on the set of singularities of the vector field. The new vector field or differential equation thus obtained may have no singularities and thus may be easier to study. The qualitative behavior of solutions off the set of singularities is the same for both vector fields. Another method of regularization involves surgery and roughly, the idea is to excise a neighborhood of the singularity from the manifold on which the vector field is defined and then to identify appropriate points on the boundary of the region. The regularization of the planar 2-body problem on surfaces of constant negative energy was first discussed by Levi-Civita. The 2-body problem is regularized using surgery. This method gives a new way of looking at the classical result and makes apparent the geometrical reasons for its success. It is possible to regularize the three body problem on surfaces of nonzero angular momentum using the present methods. This result will be treated in a subsequent paper. (Author)
Deliver multimedia streams with flexible QoS via a multicast DAG

In this paper we investigate the problem of delivering real time multimedia streams in a MAN environment. Most research in this area presumes the scenario where all packets of a stream are transmitted along a single path from the sender to a receiver In this paper, we propose a new application layer multicast scheme, namely ROME, to better fulfill heterogeneous QoS requirements from various receivers simultaneously by setting up multiple paths. Instead of enforcing a multicast tree structure, a multicast DAG (Directed Acyclic Graph) is constructed in ROME, where multiple nodes in the multicast group may share the responsibility to deliver the stream to a node. To achieve this each stream is partitioned into a set of stream shares. A QoS oriented share assignment technique is proposed to distribute stream shares progressively among delivery paths to maximize the number of fulfilled clients while minimizing the overall bandwidth usage. Moreover, both the delivery paths and the stream partition can be adapted easily on the fly to accommodate multicast group membership change during the real time delivery. Last but not least, we evaluate our scheme via simulations and show that the proposed scheme can fulfill a larger number of clients with higher QoS requirements than existing approaches under the same network capacity.
A new measurement of the K s lifetime

A new determination of the Ks lifetime,τs, is presented. The results,τs=(0.881±0.009) · 10−10 s, supports other recent experimental evidence of a somewhat larger values ofτs than was previously found.
Quantitative aspects of free fatty acid metabolism in the fasted rat

Palmitate-1-(14)C was injected intravenously into unanesthetized, fasted rats. Disappearance of tracer from plasma free fatty acids was studied. A large component of free fatty acid (FFA) recycling was directly demonstrated by reinjection experiments. The latter studies also indicated the existence of an unidentified, rapidly turning over polar lipid in plasma which was synthesized from palmitate-(14)C. The appearance of (14)C in hepatic and extrahepatic triglycerides, in other esters, and in respired CO(2) was also followed. The data were analyzed using a multicompartmental model and a digital computer. Only a small fraction of the triglycerides formed in liver was derived directly from plasma free fatty acids. The major portion of net triglyceride formation appeared to be by way of an intermediate nontriglyceride ester pool which turned over relatively slowly compared to plasma free fatty acids. Initial approximations are as follows ( micromoles of fatty acid per min per 100 g body weight): net free fatty acid mobilization (irreversible disposal) = 2.4; hepatic triglyceride formation directly from plasma free fatty acid = 0.1; total hepatic lipid formation from plasma free fatty acids = 0.5; oxidation of free fatty acids to CO(2) = 0.8; percentage of respired CO(2) from direct oxidation of fatty acids = 12%; extrahepatic triglyceride formation directly from fatty acids = 0.4; total extrahepatic lipid formed directly from fatty acids = 1.2.
An Exploratory Study of Relationships between Students’ Creativity and Mathematical Problem-Posing Abilities

The literature is replete with statements alleging that people in the Western countries are more creative than people in the East Asian countries (Zhao, 2008; Rudowicz & Hui, 1998; Yue & Rudowicz, 2002; Lubart, 1990; Dunn, Zhang, & Ripple, 1988). A typical explanation for those statements is that, citizens of the Western cultures tend to be independent and to find meaning largely by reference to their own internal thoughts, feelings, and actions rather than by those of others; while citizens of the East tend to hold an interdependent perspective of the self in which meaning depends more on interpersonal relationships (Markus & Kitayama, 1991). In other words, in the Western countries, individuals often focus on discovering and expressing themselves and on accentuating differences from others, whereas East Asians tend to organize more into hierarchies in which individuals seek membership in larger communities (Zha, Walczyk, Grifffith-Ross, & Tobacyk, 2006).
Foreign Judgments in Mexico and the United States

There is no effective way to enforce a foreign judgment from Mexico in Arizona, nor vice versa. In practical effect, the judgment debtor whose assets are across the border will not have to pay the judgment unless it is a very large one or unless neither time nor money are limitations on the judgment plaintiff. Curiously, the laws of both Mexico and Arizona supposedly expedite enforcement and would welcome the judgment from a foreign country, but the laws do not achieve their stated purpose. This article pursues the question of what concrete steps to aid enforcement of judgments might be taken in the neighboring states of Arizona and Sonora, or in other Mexican and U.S. states which share intensive transborder exchange. It proposes a call for state legislation, and a model statute, or, in the alternative, supreme court rules, which will serve the stated philosophy of both jurisdictions in favor of enforcing valid judgments from the other.
Tre marie

Tre Marie is an interactive audio-visual dance improvised performance. The system in progress is a RF-ID (radio-frequency identification) technology for dance performance, which improvises, live visuals on stage. The performance is a reconstructed architecture of space that encodes the spatial aesthetics of the interaction between human, theatrical and cinematic space.
The influence of Rh hapten therapy on the course of Rh isosensitization in pregnancy.

1. Ten Rh-negative sensitized pregnant women were treated with Rh hapten in doses of 100 to 600 mg. weekly for periods varying from seven to twenty-eight weeks antepartum. 2. Three patients with heterozygous husbands delivered Rh-negative infants. Maternal antibody titers were unaffected by hapten therapy. 3. Three patients delivered Rh-positive infants displaying varying degrees of erythroblastosis fetalis. 4. The pregnancies of 4 patients terminated with fetal deaths in utero despite hapten therapy. 5. There does not seem to be any evidence that Rh hapten in the doses and manner employed altered the course or outcome of any of the 10 pregnancies. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors wish to express their appreciation to the following physicians who referred patients for study: Drs. John M. Haws, Arthur Mandy, Isadore Scher, I. A. Siegel, John G. Morris, J.K.B.E. Seegar, Jr., Sidney Linas, M. G. Kappelman, and George C. Basil.
Health Literacy in Older Adults With and Without Low Vision.

OBJECTIVE In this study, we investigated whether older adults with low vision (LV) from age-related macular degeneration (AMD) demonstrated lower functional health literacy than older adults without LV. METHOD Fifty adults with AMD were matched with adults without LV on age, gender, education, and income. We measured visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and reading speed and administered the Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults (TOFHLA) using two test time conditions, standard and unlimited, to measure health literacy levels. RESULTS The group with LV had considerably lower TOFHLA scores for both time conditions (p < .001) and took notably longer to complete the test (p < .001). Poorer acuity correlated with lower TOFHLA scores in the group with LV. CONCLUSION Older adults with LV may take longer to read and understand health information, which has important implications for providing health education to support self-management. Modifying components of the reading task may facilitate reading performance and understanding of health education materials.
Syndromes Primarily Associated With Abnormalities of Bilirubin Metabolism

Recently acquired knowledge of bilirubin metabolism has clarified the pathogenesis of many inherited types of jaundice but has contributed little to an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for jaundice in acquired diseases of the liver. The hepatic metabolism of bilirubin is reviewed, and syndromes associated with abnormalities of bilirubin metabolism are enumerated under two headings: unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
A study of the association between life style intervention and cellular immune function

Objective To investigate the effect of life style intervention on the ability of immune system to clear up HPV.Methods 258 patients with histologically confirmed HPV infection were recruited and randomly divided into intervention group and control group.Samples of cervical secretion were collected and total T lymphocytes and its subgroups and HPV were quantified using fiowcytometry and real time PCR respectively.The measurement was repeated after 6 months.Results HPV clearance in the intervention group was significantly higher than the control group(P0.01).No difference was identified between the two groups regarding the total and subgroups of T lymphocytes.Additionally,the treatment could significantly improve the counts of T lymphocytes in the intervention group(P0.01),while such effect was not observed in the control group.Conclusion Life-style intervention could improve the immune function and help to clear up the viruses in the HPV-infected patients.
Existence of Non-negative Solutions of Nonlinear Third order Eigenvalue Problems

The authors consider the nonlinear third order differential equationsu+ρ~3u=λg(t)f(u),\ 0t2π(B)with the periodic boundary conditionsu~((i))(0)=u~((i))(2π),\ i=0,1,2(E)Where ρ∈0,13 is a constant,λ0 is a parameter.Two results on the existence of non-negative solutions to problem(B)-(E) are obtained.And the proof uses the fixed point ndex in the cone theory.
Hemolytic Disease in Newborn Dogs

YOUNG, LAWRENCE E., CHRISTIAN, RICHARD M., ERVIN, DONALD M., DAVIS, R. WENDELL, O’BRIEN, WILLIAM A., SWISHER, SCOTT N. AND YUILE, CHARLES L.: Hemolytic disease in newborn dogs. Blood 6: 291-313 (April) 1951. Page 293, fourth line from bottom should read: "72 parts of M/l5 Na2HPO4" instead of "72 parts of M/12 Na2HPO4." Page 297, table 1, under observations of pups in litter H, should read: "Two pups suckling mother of litter G during first day" instead of "mother of litter F."
Vascular Catheter Related Infections in Cancer Patients

Immunocompromise due to malignancy or to cytotoxic chemotherapy with resulting neutropenia creates a high risk of infection among cancer patients. The frequent presence of long-dwelling vascular catheters in these patients adds to this risk. Recent data regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, management, and prevention of vascular catheter related infections are discussed.
The treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with D-Penicillamine

It is a great honor for me to have been invited by you to present the introductory clinical paper on “The Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with D-Penicillamine”. I also wish to thank you for allowing me 30 minutes to attempt to cover my researches in this field which embrace a 12-year period. While I obviously will be unable to include all of the relevant material, I would hope that any major omissions will be brought out during the discussion period tomorrow.
Ultra High Frequency Polynomial and Cosine Artificial Higher Order Neural Networks

New open box and nonlinear model of Ultra High Frequency Polynomial and Cosine Artificial Higher Order Neural Network (UPC-HONN) is presented in this paper. A new learning algorithm for UPC-HONN is also developed from this study. A time series data simulation and analysis system, UPC-HONN Simulator, is built based on the UPC-HONN models too. Test results show that average error of UPC-HONN models are closing to zero (0.0000%). The average errors of Polynomial Higher Order Neural Network (PHONN), Trigonometric Higher Order Neural Network (THONN), and Sigmoid polynomial Higher Order Neural Network (SPHONN) models are from 2.8546% to 3.4185%. It means that UPC-HONN models are 2.8546% to 3.4185% better than PHONN, THONN, and SPHONN models.
Modeling of Multispecies Dynamics in Fusion-Related Materials with FACE

The new reaction-diffusion code FACE (First wAll simulation CodE) is developed for modeling plasma-material–interaction processes taking place in the first wall of fusion devices. The code simulate...
Biological Control Using the Ectoparasitoid, Tamarixia radiata, against the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas

Abstract. Tamarixia radiata Waterston (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), a biological control agent of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), is being used as a tool to help reduce psyllids in urban environments in citrus-growing areas of Texas. The USDA APHIS PPQ S&T CPHST Mission Laboratory developed methods to produce large numbers of the beneficial insects for biological control of Asian citrus psyllids. Releases were made in citrus trees where plant tissue that tested positive for Huanglongbing or citrus greening disease was detected. Before release of T. radiata in 2010, 43 immature psyllids per flush were found in citrus in residential areas. After biological control releases, the abundance of pysllids gradually decreased. In 2016, only 3.8 immature psyllids were found per flush, a reduction of 91.2% of the psyllid population.
Fabrication of an off-axis astrometric diffractive pupil on a convex asphere using direct write laser lithography

An arbitrary off-axis diffractive pattern was fabricated on a convex aspheric mirror surface using direct laser write lithography for correction of asymmetric distortion in an astrometry telescope for measuring exoplanet masses.
Models for Distributed Computing in Grid Sensor Networks

Using local state space models, a method for distributed information processing in rectangular grid sensor networks is presented. Non-linear systems and signal processing algorithms are represented in a local state space model. Then the local state space model is implemented on the sensor network. The local state space models used are generalizations of Fornasini-Marchesini and Givone-Roesser models for linear time-invariant 3-D systems. Realtime implementation issues of the said method are also discussed.
Conceptualization and Scale Development for Salesperson Swagger: An Abstract

This research explores the concept of swagger in a sales context. We purport that along with traditionally explored concepts of emotional intelligence, empathy, and adaptive selling skills, swagger is an unexplored concept that contributes to the totality of salespeople’s success.
Management’s personal ideology and financial reporting quality

We investigate the relation between managers’ personal ideologies and financial reporting quality. We use Federal Elections Commission data to develop three proxies for managers’ personal ideologies and test their relations with two financial reporting quality metrics: discretionary accruals and financial statement restatements. We find that both the absolute value of discretionary accruals and the probability of restatement decrease in the degree to which firms’ managers have conservative ideologies. These results are robust in the post-SOX period, to controls for potential self-selection bias, to alternative measures of both ideology and financial reporting quality, and to controls for firm political sensitivity, lobbying activity, governance, operational complexity and auditor strength. Our findings contribute to a growing literature demonstrating that business outcomes are partially explained by manager-specific factors including managers’ personal views and priorities.
A Model for Synchronous Activity in the Visual Cortex

We investigated the problem of figure-ground separation or binding problem of image processing in the brain. Recent experiments by Singer et al. have shown in the visual cortex of cat synchronous firing activity among neurons coding similar features. The observations suggest that synchronization may be an important coding principle for information processing in the brain.
Parameter Estimation for Distributed Systems Arising in Fluid Flow Problems via Time Series Methods

The process of determining unknown parameter values, such as porosity and permeability, which are necessary for computer models for fluid flow processes is very complex. The difficulties arising from multiphase flow problems are even more severe. There are many different sources of error in the modeling process which lead to the distributed parameter systems and their computer solution. Use of time series methods addresses several of these sources of error, allowing efficient procedures for large-scale time dependent problems which can often reduce the difficulty of the enormous nonlinear optimization problems arising from many parameter estimation techniques.
Correntropy Based Hierarchical Linear Dynamical System For Speech Recognition

Hierarchical Linear Dynamical System (HLDS) is a recently introduced Kalman filter based generative state model that extracts relevant self-segmenting information from input time series signal by hierarchically constraining the information representing subspaces of its states thus slowing down the dynamics of the input signal. Despite the simplicity of its nested architecture and its dependance on linear Kalman update rules, the HLDS has been shown to have state-of-the-art performance in the classification of musical notes. However, it was observed that the application scope of this state based model was only limited to linearly separable signals since the representations of non-linear and non-stationary signals (such as speech) in the state space of the HLDS was highly intermingled and hence, non-discriminative. This paper proposes a kernel based extension of the HLDS that shows promising results in the sparse and discriminative representation of speech phonemes in its information representing state spaces. Specifically, we use correntropy as an additional non-linear constraint on top of the linear constraints already provided by the nested architecture of the states. We show that by using correntropy as the cost function in the Kalman update equations, we are able to adaptively restrict the different phonemes of a speech signal into localized areas of the top state space. Our training results, along with their authentication through top-down inference of the states, provide valid credibility to the use of HLDS as a promising speech recognition model.
Use of ultrasound enhancing agents in transesophageal echocardiography to improve interpretive confidence of left atrial appendage thrombus.

BACKGROUND The value of ultrasound enhancing agents (UEA) in patients undergoing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for the exclusion of left atrial appendage (LAA) thrombi prior to direct current cardioversion (DCCV) is evolving. METHODS We retrospectively identified 88 consecutive TEEs, where a commercial UEA was used during LAA interrogation. De-identified non-enhanced (pre-UEA) and enhanced cine loop images (post-UEA) from the same subjects were randomly reviewed by four expert readers in a blinded fashion. RESULTS In 33% of the cases, UEA use was associated with a statistically insignificant improvement in physician confidence (scale, 0-3) in determining the presence or absence of a LAA thrombus (P = 0.071). In instances where non-enhanced images yielded an uncertain interpretation or when the left atrium contained spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), UEA use was associated with an improvement in interpretive confidence in 49% (P < 0.001) and 41% of the cases (P = 0.001), respectively. Overall, the absolute rate of hypothetical decision to proceed with DCCV rose by 9% with the application of UEA (P = 0.004). In instances where non-enhanced images were interpreted with limited confidence or when SEC was present, there were absolute increases of 16% (P < 0.001) and 21% (P < 0.001) in hypothetical procession to DCCV, respectively. In cases of a combination of limited interpretive confidence and SEC, UEA use was associated with a 29% absolute increase in the rate of procession to DCCV (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing TEE interrogation of the LAA, the use of UEA is associated with an increase in the level of interpretive confidence and higher rates of theoretical procession to DCCV.
A Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method for Estimating the Statistical Significance of Proteoform Identifications by Top-Down Mass Spectrometry

Top-down mass spectrometry is capable of identifying whole proteoform sequences with multiple post-translational modifications because it generates tandem mass spectra directly from intact proteoforms. Many software tools, such as ProSightPC, MSPathFinder, and TopMG, have been proposed for identifying proteoforms with modifications. In these tools, various methods are employed to estimate the statistical significance of identifications. However, most existing methods are designed for proteoform identifications without modifications, and the challenge remains for accurately estimating the statistical significance of proteoform identifications with modifications. Here we propose TopMCMC, a method that combines a Markov chain random walk algorithm and a greedy algorithm for assigning statistical significance to matches between spectra and protein sequences with variable modifications. Experimental results showed that TopMCMC achieved high accuracy in estimating E-values and false discovery rates of identific...
Electron microscope investigation of sieve-element ontogeny and structure inUlmus americana

During advanced stages of sieve-element differentiation inUlmus americana L., dispersal of the P-protein (slime) bodies results in formation of a peripheral network of strands consisting of aggregates of P-protein components having a striated, fibrillar appearance. The tonoplast is present throughout the period of P-protein body dispersal. Perforation of the sieve plates is initiated during early stages of P-protein body dispersal. Small P-protein bodies consist of tubular components, most of which measure about 180 A in diameter. With increase in size of the P-protein bodies narrower components appear. At the time of initiation of P-protein body dispersal, most of the components comprising the bodies are of relatively narrow diameters (most 130–140 A) and have a striated, fibrillar appearance. Both wide and narrow P-protein components are present throughout the period of sieve-element differentiation and in the mature cell as well, and a complete intergradation in size and appearance exists between the two extremes. Both extremes of P-protein component have a similar substructure: an electron-transparent lumen and an electronopaque wall composed of subunits, apparently in helical arrangement. The distribution of P protein in mature sieve elements was quite variable. The parietal layer of cytoplasm in matureUlmus sieve elements consists of plasmalemma, endoplasmic reticulum cisternae in two forms (as a complex network closely applied to the plasmalemma and in stacks along the wall), mitochondria, and plastids.
Revisiting Capacitor-Based Trojan Design

Among the various strategies for hiding malicious capabilities in integrated circuits (ICs), analog circuit design techniques have recently drawn increased attention due their lower area, power and delay footprints, which make their detection significantly more challenging. Specifically, switched capacitors have been used for creating stealthy trigger circuits based on toggling activity on a victim wire. Various methodologies for detecting such culprits have been investigated; however, recent literature in this area contains several misconceptions or inaccuracies regarding the topologies of these trigger circuits and the effectiveness of previously proposed detection methods. Therefore, in this paper, we first revisit the design of switched capacitor-based trigger circuits and we present several design configurations which are not encompassed by previously demonstrated models, but which can also serve the same malevolent purpose. We, then, discuss the effectiveness and the shortcomings of existing defense methodologies, and we point towards additional research that is needed in this area.
Anomalous Regeneration of K 1 0 Mesons from K 2 0 Mesons

A beam of 1.0-BeV/c ${{K}_{2}}^{0}$ mesons passing through liquid hydrogen in a bubble chamber was seen to generate ${{K}_{1}}^{0}$ mesons with the momentum and direction of the original beam. The intensity of ${{K}_{1}}^{0}$ production was far greater than that anticipated from conventional mechanisms, and the suggestion is made that the ${{K}_{1}}^{0}$ mesons are produced by coherent regeneration resulting from a new weak long-range interaction between protons and $K$ mesons.
Cooking copepods: The survival of cyclopoid copepods (Crustacea: Copepoda) in simulated provisioned water containers and implications for the Guinea Worm Eradication Program in Chad, Africa.

Abstract Introduction The global Guinea Worm Eradication Program has reduced numbers of human infections of Guinea worm disease (dracunculiasis) to 49 cases in four countries. However, infections of domestic animals (dogs and cats) have recently been recognized and are increasing. Typically, Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis) transmission occurs via the ingestion of copepods from water. Despite several interventions, including tethering of dogs while worms emerge, the number of infected dogs continue to increase. One hypothesis is that dogs could be infected through the ingestion of copepods in provisioned water. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine whether copepods can survive in water containers under typical Chadian temperatures. Methods Four container types (plastic, glass, gourd, and metal) were seeded with copepods and exposed to simulated Chadian temperatures. Results All copepods in the metal containers died within 4 h. Conversely, after 8 h live copepods were still present in plastic, glass, and gourd containers. Conclusions If provisioned water is provided to potential hosts of D. medinensis, metal containers create the most inhospitable environment for copepods. Plastic containers have little effect on copepod mortality. The use of metal containers for water provisions could be a useful tool assisting with the interruption of D. medinensis transmission among dogs.
Protein and amino acids

SUMMARY This chapter briefly introduces basic biochemistry of protein and amino acids (AAs) and their chemical structures, followed by the discussion on the dynamic process of protein and amino digestion, absorption, and their turnover in whole body and specific tissues in vivo as the biochemical and physiological basis in assessing protein requirements. The latter part of the chapter provided an in-depth discussion of the latest knowledge of the indicators used to assess protein requirements and AA requirements. The chapter finishes with a discussion of the current recommended intakes for protein and AAs, along with aspects of their use in nutritional assessment and issues in developing recommendations of protein/AAs for health maintenance throughout the life cycle.
Abstract 2: Increased Complement Regulator CD55 Is Associated With A Reduction In Pancreatic Beta Cell Area In Islets Of Rat Offspring Following Chronic Placental Ischemia-induced Hypertension

Placental insufficiency can result in gestational hypertension and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) in the offspring. Gestational hypertension with or without low birth weight is associate...
Cost-effectiveness of Surgical Treatment Pathways for Prolapse.

Objective To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of surgical treatment pathways for apical prolapse. Study design We constructed a stochastic Markov model to assess the cost-effectiveness of vaginal apical suspension, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, and robotic sacrocolpopexy. We modeled over 5 and 10 years, with 9 pathways accounting for up to 2 separate surgical repairs, recurrence of symptomatic apical prolapse, reoperation, and complications, including mesh excision. We calculated costs from the health care system's perspective. Results Over 5 years, compared with expectant management, all surgical treatment pathways cost less than the willingness-to-pay threshold of US $50,000 per quality adjusted life-years. However, among surgical treatments, all but 2 pathways were dominated. Of the remaining 2, laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy followed by vaginal repair for apical recurrence was not cost-effective compared with the vaginal-only approach (incremental cost-effectiveness ratio [ICER], >$500,000). Over 10 years, all but the same 2 pathways were dominated. However, starting with the laparoscopic approach in this case was more cost-effective with an ICER of US $6,176. If the laparoscopic approach was not available, starting with the robotic approach similarly became more cost-effective at 10 years (ICER, US $35,479). Conclusions All minimally invasive surgical approaches for apical prolapse repair are cost-effective when compared with expectant management. Among surgical treatments, the vaginal-only approach is the only cost-effective option over 5 years. However, over a longer period, starting with a laparoscopic (or robotic) approach becomes cost-effective. These results help inform discussions regarding the surgical approach for prolapse.
Conditional Accountability for the Economy, Insecurity, and Corruption Across Latin American Party Systems

The association between how citizens perceive economic performance, insecurity, or corruption and how they evaluate the president varies systematically across Latin American countries and within them over time. In particular, while presidential popularity reflects these outcomes in the average Latin American country, survey data from 2006–17 confirm that the connection between government performance and presidential approval is generally stronger when unfragmented party systems or single-party majority governments make assessments of political responsibility easier. While these results suggest that the region’s citizens do not blindly blame the president for outcomes where political responsibility should be shared, they also remind us that there are many countries in the region where fragmented party systems weaken the conditions for effective political accountability.
Diagnostic Considerations, Biopsy, Laboratory Analysis, and Communication

Summary Communication between surgeon and pathologist is essential for the diagnosis and management of the patient with suspected fibro-osseous disease of the maxillofacial region. By attention to detail, the patient benefits in terms of an accurate diagnosis and appropriate therapy. The reader is referred to Figures 2 through 10 (representing two patients) that are illustrative of the principles discussed in this article.
Dissociation of GaSb in n-Type PbTe: off-Centered Gallium Atom and Weak Electron–Phonon Coupling Provide High Thermoelectric Performance

Many strategies have been employed to maintain an “optimal carrier concentration” to achieve a high thermoelectric power factor in n-type PbTe. Here, we show that a high power factor can also be ac...
Understanding Police Use of Force: Officers, Suspects, and Reciprocity

Whenever police officers come into contact with citizens there is a chance that the encounter will digress to one in which force is used on a suspect. Fortunately, most police activities do not involve the use of force. But those that do reflect important patterns of interaction between the officer and the citizen. This book examines those patterns. It begins with a brief survey of prior research, and then goes on to present data and findings. Among the data are the force factor applied - that is, the level of force used relative to suspect resistance - and data on the sequential order of incidents of force. The authors also examine police use of force from the suspect's perspective. In analyzing this data they put forward a conceptual framework, the Authority Maintenance Theory, for examining and assessing police use of force.
Widespread Worry and the Stock Market

Our emotional state influences our choices. Research on how it happens usually comes from the lab. We know relatively little about how real world emotions affect real world settings, like financial markets. Here, we demonstrate that estimating emotions from weblogs provides novel information about future stock market prices. That is, it provides information not already apparent from market data. Specifically, we estimate anxiety, worry and fear from a dataset of over 20 million posts made on the site LiveJournal. Using a Granger-causal framework, we find that increases in expressions of anxiety, evidenced by computationally-identified linguistic features, predict downward pressure on the S&P 500 index. We also present a confirmation of this result via Monte Carlo simulation. The findings show how the mood of millions in a large online community, even one that primarily discusses daily life, can anticipate changes in a seemingly unrelated system. Beyond this, the results suggest new ways to gauge public opinion and predict its impact.
Conjuntos de datos sobre pensiones y salud: la reunión y el intercambio de datos para la formulación de políticas

Cada vez mas paises formulan nuevas politicas de pension y de atencion medica, o reforman las existentes, en respuesta al envejecimiento de la poblacion y para mejorar el bienestar de sus ciudadanos. La aplicacion de politicas diferentes por los distintos paises ha dado lugar a varios experimentos naturales, los cuales brindan oportunidades poco comunes de estudiar los efectos que tienen diversas politicas en la salud y la jubilacion, el comportamiento de la persona y la familia, y el bienestar. Para aprovechar esas oportunidades, es preciso armonizar las actividades de reunion de datos. Un numero cada vez mayor de paises han convenido en proporcionar datos armonizados con el Estudio sobre salud y jubilacion (Health and Retirement Study, HRS) de los Estados Unidos. En el presente articulo se analizan esos conjuntos de datos, en particular sus principales parametros relativos a la situacion en terminos de jubilacion y salud, la estructuracion de la investigacion, las muestras y las tasas de respuesta. Tambien se examinan las oportunidades que ofrecen para la realizacion de estudios internacionales y sus consecuencias para la evaluacion y formulacion de politicas.
The Chaos and Confusion of Modern Collation: A Critical Look into an Institution of Louisiana Succession Law

Collation is an ancient institution of succession law. Given recent developments and activity by the Louisiana State Law Institute, this area of law is ripe for a critical review of the jurisprudence and the institution as a whole. This Article identifies many problems that exist with the internal operation of Louisiana's collation law and recommends solutions derived from cases, civilian history, common law, and comparative civilian jurisdictions.
Real-time full characterization of colloidal dynamics

We present an optical technique capable of measuring simultaneously hydrodynamic size and mass density of colloidal suspensions. The technique is fiber optic-based, non-invasive, and permits continuous online measurements over a broad range of colloidal parameters.
How to Find a Stellar Black Hole

According to general relativity, compact stars such as neutron stars are unstable to collapse to a point above a certain mass. As Dolan explains in his Perspective, observational evidence for these black holes has been hard to come by. Two recent studies come tantalizingly close to providing evidence for stellar-mass-sized black holes, but the case is not watertight yet.
A spectrum sensing and transmission model for secondary users in cognitive radios

An analysis of spectrum sensing and transmission of a secondary user sharing a channel with a licensed primary user is presented. The primary user access patterns are modeled as an on-off Markov process. A five state Markov model is derived to describe the performance of a secondary user that aims to utilize the channel during its idle state. Assuming perfect knowledge of the primary user access patterns, the model is analyzed with respect to the size of a back-off counter chosen when the channel is sensed busy and the size of the window allocated for secondary transmission when the channel is sensed idle. An analytical region is derived for the secondary users to operate in while the primary channel is free.
A Meta‐analysis of Letters of Recommendation in College and Graduate Admissions: Reasons for hope

Letters of recommendation are used extensively in academic admissions and personnel selection. Despite their prominence, comparatively little is known about their predictive power for multiple outcomes. This meta-analysis combine the existing literature for college grade point average (GPA), academic outcomes of GPA, performance ratings, degree attainment, and research productivity for nonmedical school graduate programs, and GPA and internship performance ratings for medical school students. Intercorrelations with other commonly used predictors are also estimated and used to estimate incremental predictive power. Overall, letters of recommendation, in their current form, are generally positively but weakly correlated with multiple aspects of performance in post-secondary education. However, letters do appear to provide incremental information about degree attainment, a difficult and heavily motivationally determined outcome.
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis After Intravenous or Intramuscular Challenge with Diphtheria Toxin

Inhibition of protein synthesis in guinea pig tissues after administration of diphtheria toxin varies significantly with the route of injection.
Performance of a fast analog VLSI implementation of the DFT

A fast, analog implementation of the discrete Fourier transforms and inverse discrete Fourier transforms (DFT/IDFTs) requires solutions to the problems of input/output (I/O) bottleneck encountered by large, parallel input sequences, the slow execution time of long sequential sequences, and the resultant error. The authors present an architecture based on several modifications to G. Goertzel's algorithm (GA) (1958) that provides balances between input serialization, circuit area, execution time, and output error. Such an implementation of a DFT/IDFT based on GA requires only four multipliers, three adders, and two sample and hold circuits. >
Determinants of processing for a propositional structure

The main purpose of this study was to characterize differences among propositions within a propositional structure. Propositions were described in terms of degree (the number of other propositions to which each is connected) and in terms of a kind of hierarchical level. Paragraphs having a given structure were tested in three tasks: selection of the most important proposition, free recall, and reading under two orienting instructions. Performance was analyzed according to degree and level of the individual propositions and according to the sequences of propositions within the paragraphs. All of these variables affected performance in various tasks. The results were discussed in terms of the distinction between initial encoding and subsequent recall.
Enhancing ductility of AL6061 + 10 wt.% B4C through equal-channel angular extrusion processing

Abstract Additions of high modulus particles to aluminum alloys offer the potential to develop a high stiffness, lightweight composite. Powder metallurgy was used to create a metal matrix composite of aluminum alloy 6061 and 10 wt.% boron carbide particles. Characterization of the as-fabricated material showed the presence of agglomerates of B4C particles and some residual porosity. Evaluation of the mechanical properties showed little improvement to the elastic modulus, low tensile strength and no significant amount of ductility. The material was processed by equal-channel angular extrusion (ECAE) using a variety of parameters, e.g., temperature, number of passes through the die, route, intermediate anneal, etc. Subsequent microstructural characterization revealed a redistribution of the B4C particles. ECAE processing also eliminated residual porosity and improved the elastic modulus as well as other mechanical properties. The biggest improvement was observed in the elongation to fracture which increased to >10%.