cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Horseradish peroxidase labeling of the central pathways in the medulla of the ampullary nerves in the chicken, Gallus gallus

The purpose of the present study was to place horseradish peroxidase on the distal processes of the three ampullary nerves in 6–8-week-old chickens so that we could identify the ganglion cells associated with each nerve and trace the specific central pathways taken by each nerve in the brainstem. We are especially interested in the pathways of the colossal vestibular fibers, which may play a role in a fast reflex pathway as suggested by their large caliber and electrotonic mode of transmission in the tangential vestibular nucleus. The cells of origin of each ampullary nerve occupy discrete portions of the vestibular ganglion. Those vestibular ganglion cells giving rise to the posterior ampullary nerve (PAN) occupy the posterior portion of Scarpa's ganglion; the ganglion cells producing the anterior (AAN) and lateral (LAN) ampullary nerves occupy the anterior ganglion, within the dorsal and ventral portions, respectively. Centrally the vestibular fibers occupy discrete portions of the tangential vestibular nucleus before bifurcating into ascending and descending tracts. The tangential nucleus receives afferents from the colossal fibers, which form spoon endings, and also from the fine vestibular fibers, which form small terminals. The ascending fibers of the posterior ampullary nerve are associated with the nucleus piriformis; the ascending fibers of the anterior and lateral ampullary nerves occupy discrete cell groups of the vestibulo-cerebellar nucleus. All three ampullary nerves have descending branches that course through the retrotangential nucleus into the descending vestibular nucleus (DVN). Within the descending vestibular nucleus, the descending fibers of the posterior ampullary nerve run dorsally and centrally, whereas fibers of the anterior ampullary nerve course ventromedially, and the lateral ampullary nerve fibers take a ventrolateral course until all three fiber bundles converge in the posterior tip of the descending vestibular nucleus. The ascending and descending fibers of each ampullary nerve form collaterals that pass to the ventrolateral and dorsomedial parts of the medial vestibular nucleus. These collaterals are derived exclusively from the fine and medium diameter vestibular fibers. Some of these ascending fibers form a distinctive tract that courses posteriorly within medial regions of the dorsomedial part of the medial vestibular nucleus. The colossal vestibular fibers, which are found within all three ampullary nerves, conform to the ampullary pathways as described, excluding the innervation of the medial vestibular nucleus.
Noncoherent compressive sensing with application to distributed radar

We consider a multi-static radar scenario with spatially dislocated receivers that can individually extract delay information only. Furthermore, we assume that the receivers are not phase-synchronized, so the measurements across receivers can only be combined noncoherently. We cast this scenario as a compressive sensing reconstruction problem, where the vector of unknowns consists of complex baseband coefficients of tentative targets at discrete positions within a region of interest. The difference to previous work is that each receiver has to have a separate set of variables to account for the noncoherent measurement model. This leads to multiple reconstruction problems that are individually ill-defined, but can be regularized by a shared sparsity pattern, as studied in jointly- or block-sparse reconstruction problems. We evaluate this approach in a simple scenario with three receivers and three closely spaced targets. Using the popular basis pursuit and orthogonal matching pursuit algorithms, we find that targets can be fully resolved and that the position estimation error is close to the Cramer-Rao lower bound based on an estimator that knows the number of targets.
Osteoarthrosis--the orthopedic surgeon's perspective.

The clinically useful definition of osteoarthrosis (OA) is symptomatic loss of significant articular cartilage in a habitual load bearing area of a joint associated with subchondral sclerosis and osteophyte formation. In the large joints, significant articular cartilage loss means full thickness loss of articular cartilage in an area greater than about 1 cm2. The presence of fibrillated articular cartilage, by itself, is not necessarily progressive. Cartilage fibrillation and softening, with significant proteoglycan loss and markedly increased water content, i.e. chondromalacia, can persist indefinitely (Byers 1974, Meachim 1963). Chondromalacia is a pathologic rather than a clinical diagnosis, since it is asymptomatic, and is not necessarily pre-arthrotic (Abernathy et al. 1978). Trueta and his colleagues describe such changes, particularly in the usually unloaded areas of joints, believing that these changes were the signs of the earliest arthrotic involvement of the joints (Trueta 1963). They are not!
Circuit Independent Weighted Pseudo-Random BIST Pattern Generator

This paper describes a circuit independent weighted pseudo random BIST pattern generator based on bit-flipping. The circuit dependent data is stored in memories so that different circuits can use the same BIST structure by only changing the data in the memories. New approaches are proposed for compressing and storing the bit-flipping data. Experimental results show that the proposed method reduces the size of the memory considerably while using similar test lengths as a recent method based on bit-fixing
Evaluation of the Dynamic-Response-Based Intact Stability Criterion for Floating Wind Turbines

As an alternative to the conventional intact stability criterion for floating offshore structures, known as the area-ratio-based criterion, the dynamic-response-based intact stability criteria was initially developed in the 1980s for column-stabilized drilling units and later extended to the design of floating production installations (FPIs). Both the area-ratio-based and dynamic-response-based intact stability criteria have recently been adopted for floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs).In the traditional area-ratio-based criterion, the stability calculation is quasi-static in nature, with the contribution from external forces other than steady wind loads and FOWT dynamic responses captured through a safety factor. Furthermore, the peak wind overturning moment of FOWTs may not coincide with the extreme storm wind speed normally prescribed in the area-ratio-based criterion, but rather at the much smaller rated wind speed in the power production mode. With these two factors considered, the dynamic-response-based intact stability criterion is desirable for FOWTs to account for their unique dynamic responses and the impact of various operating conditions.This paper demonstrates the implementation of a FOWT intact stability assessment using the dynamic-response-based criterion. Performance-based criteria require observed behavior or quantifiable metrics as input for the method to be applied. This is demonstrated by defining the governing load cases for two conceptual FOWT semisubmersible designs at two sites. This work introduces benchmarks comparing the area-ratio-based and dynamic-response-based criteria, gaps with current methodologies, and frontier areas related to the wind overturning moment definition.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Elimination of macrophages by liposome-encapsulated dichloromethylene diphosphonate suppresses the endotoxin-induced priming of Kupffer cells.

This study was performed to elucidate the role of Kupifer cells during endotoxemia by assessing the con- sequences of macrophage depletion by liposome-encapsu- lated dichloromethylene diphosphonate (L-DMDP) fol- lowing lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment. Results show that more than 90% of the largest Kupifer cells, arbitrar- ily termed KC3, were eliminated, while only 50% of the smaller Kupifer cells were depleted. The selective elimi- nation of a subpopulation of Kupifer cells was accom- panied by a significant attenuation of endotoxin (LPS)- induced serum tumor necrosis factor activity by almost 90%. Hepatic sequestration of neutrophils into the liver after LPS injection was not altered by L-DMDP. The priming action of LPS on superoxide release by neutro- phils recovered from the liver in response to in vitro PMA or zymosan was not altered by L-DMDP. However, the LPS-induced priming of superoxide formation in vitro by Kupffer cells, particularly KC3, was significantly at- tenuated. These results indicate that selective elimination of a subpopulation of Kupifer cells by L-DMDP down- regulates the LPS-induced cytokine release in vivo and endotoxin-mediated priming of hepatic macrophages for enhanced formation of toxic oxygen metabolites. How- ever, biological activities of neutrophils (i.e., superoxide release and hepatic sequestration) are not altered by L-DMDP, further emphasizing the specificity of L-DMDP action on Kupifer cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 55: 321-327; 1994.
News Frames and National Security: Covering Big Brother

Part I. Conceptual Framework: Introduction: news, national security, and civil liberties 1. Understanding message framing and effects 2. Framing surveillance and the war on terror Part II. Framing Effects Research: 3. Designing the studies with Lucy Atkinson, Seungahn Nah and Hyunseo Hwang 4. Converging cues and the spread of activation with Jaeho Cho and Homero Gil de Zuniga 5. Cognitive complexity and attitude structure with Hyunseo Hwang, Jaeho Cho, Seungahn Nah and Nam-Jin Lee 6. Security concerns and tolerance judgments with Heejo Keum and Hernando Rojas 7. Group perceptions and expressive action with Michael G. Schmierbach, Michael P. Boyle and Cory L. Armstrong Part III. Implications and Conclusions: 8. Covering 'Big Brother' Appendixes.
Nutrient Utilization and Protein Turnover in the Hindlimb of Cattle Treated with Bovine Somatotropin

Our objectives were to assess the effects of chronic administration of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on nutrient utilization and protein turnover in the hindlimb of growing Holstein steers. External iliac vessels were catheterized to allow for hindlimb measurements of arteriovenous differences and blood flow. Animals were used in a single-reversal design with 16-d treatment periods of daily intramuscular injection of either excipient or 120 micrograms/kg body wt of bST. On d 11 and 13 of each period, a primed-continuous infusion of L-[sidechain-2,3-3H]tyrosine was initiated, followed by a 4-h sampling period to assess hindlimb nutrient utilization and protein kinetics. Somatotropin did not alter blood flow or the consumption of acetate and oxygen across the hindlimb. In contrast, glucose uptake was reduced by 22% despite increases in arterial concentrations of glucose and insulin of 10 and 114%, respectively. Treatment with bST increased hindlimb protein accretion (estimated from net uptake of tyrosine) and whole-body N balance, each by approximately 40%. A modest increase (10%) in the absolute rate of protein synthesis seemed to account for the improved N retention in the hindlimb with no change in the rate of protein degradation. Thus, bST reduced the responses of the hindlimb to insulin, and a small alteration in protein synthesis was sufficient to explain substantial improvement in protein deposition.
Neutron beams from deuteron breakup at the 88-Inch cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

Accelerator-based neutron sources offer many advantages, in particular tunability of the neutron beam in energy and width to match the needs of the application. Using a recently constructed neutron beam line at the 88-Inch Cyclotron at LBNL, tunable high-intensity sources of quasi-monoenergetic and broad spectrum neutrons from deuteron breakup are under development for a variety of applications.
The Histidine Kinase BinK Is a Negative Regulator of Biofilm Formation and Squid Colonization

Bacterial colonization of animal epithelial tissue is a dynamic process that relies on precise molecular communication. Colonization of Euprymna scolopes bobtail squid by Vibrio fischeri bacteria requires bacterial aggregation in host mucus as the symbiont transitions from a planktonic lifestyle in seawater to biofilm-associated in the host. We have identified a gene, binK (biofilm inhibitor kinase; VF_A0360), which encodes an orphan hybrid histidine kinase that negatively regulates the V. fischeri symbiotic biofilm (Syp) in vivo and in vitro . We identified binK mutants as exhibiting a colonization advantage in a global genetic screen, a phenotype that we confirmed in controlled competition experiments. Bacterial biofilm aggregates in the host are larger in strains lacking BinK, whereas overexpression of BinK suppresses biofilm formation and squid colonization. Signaling through BinK is required for temperature modulation of biofilm formation at 28°C. Furthermore, we present evidence that BinK acts upstream of SypG, the σ 54 -dependent transcriptional regulator of the syp biofilm locus. The BinK effects are dependent on intact signaling in the RscS-Syp biofilm pathway. Therefore, we propose that BinK antagonizes the signal from RscS and serves as an integral component in V. fischeri biofilm regulation. IMPORTANCE Bacterial lifestyle transitions underlie the colonization of animal hosts from environmental reservoirs. Formation of matrix-enclosed, surface-associated aggregates (biofilms) are common in beneficial and pathogenic associations, but investigating the genetic basis of biofilm development in live animal hosts remains a significant challenge. Using the bobtail squid light organ as a model, we analyzed putative colonization factors and identified a histidine kinase that negatively regulates biofilm formation at the host interface. This work reveals a novel in vivo biofilm regulator that influences the transition of bacteria from their planktonic state in seawater to becoming tight aggregates of cells in the host. The study enriches our understanding of biofilm regulation and beneficial colonization by an animal9s microbiota.
Defining and identifying disruptive innovations

Abstract Three essential questions about innovations prevent academics from helping managers determine if a new technology is a disruptive innovation to their organization. First, what is a disruptive innovation? Second, how can a disruptive innovation be disruptive to some and yet sustaining to others? Third, how can disruptive innovations be identified before a disruption has occurred in an organization? This paper proposes answers to these three questions by redefining disruptive innovations through use of innovation adoption characteristics. Through the relative nature of innovation characteristics, a heuristic, or Baedeker, to better determine if an innovation could be disruptive to an organization is proposed. Illustration of the approach is presented to show how potentially disruptive innovations could be identified before an organizational disruption has occurred.
Conformational flexibility of the methyltetrazolethiomethyl side chain of beta-lactam antibiotics. A computer graphics study.

Analysis of X-ray crystallographic data for cephalosporins and 1-oxacephalosporins shows that, although the 1-methyl-1H-tetrazol-5-ylthiomethyl side chain at position 3 of a bicyclic β-lactam nucleus has certain conformational preferences, it also has considerable flexibility. Both the C4=C3-C3'-S and C3-C3'-S-C5″ torsional angles are frequently observed in the vicinity of ±90°. The distance between the tetrazole ring carbon C5″ and the 4-carboxyl carbon ranges from 4.07 to 5.65 Â. Mean bond lengths and bond angles for the 3 and 4 side chains are tabulated.
Humanoid robots

The future promises lots of robots in our everyday lives; some, perhaps many, of them could look and behave like people but only if being humanoid represents a technological advantage over their relatively utilitarian counterparts.
Prevalence and influencing factors of diabetes among rural residents in Chongqing city

Objective To understand the prevalence and influencing factors of diabetes in rural area of Chongqing and to provide the basis for preventing and controlling diabetes in rural area.Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select 2 406 residents(≥18 years old) in rural areas of Chongqing,the human investigation was performed by questionnaire and physical examinations.Results The morbidity of diabetes was 12.59% and standardized morbidity was 11.80%.The rate of diabetes awareness was only 23.10%.The morbidities of diabetes among groups of different gender,age,education level,marital status,family income,body mass index(BMI),drinking habit and exercise were significantly different(P0.01).The morbidity(27.46%) of hypertension patients was significantly higher than that(8.41%) of non-hypertension patients(P0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that age,gender,family income,BMI and hypertension were independent influencing factors of diabetes mellitus(P0.01).Conclusion The morbidity of diabetes is high but the rate of diabetes awareness is low in rural area of Chongqing.The preventive measures for risk factors should be taken to reduce the occurrence of diabetes.
Surfactants and Stress Conditions at Fluid Interfaces

Surfactants are amphiphilic molecules that adsorb on fluid interfaces, where they reduce the surface tension. If the interface is moving, surface convection can distribute surfactant non-uniformly, creating surface tension gradients or Marangoni stresses. These two phenomena are the keys to understanding the stress response of surfactant-laden interfaces in multiphase flows.
The Distribution of Wealth

If one were to have read all Clark’s articles prior to 1899, one would find Distribution somewhat anti-climactic. The ‘big book’ which most economists associate with Clark’s entry into the top rank of economists of the time is largely a restatement of his argument as developed over the previous decade. Chapters 7 through 10 (the heart of the work) are drawn directly from his ‘Capital and Its Earnings’ (1888) and ‘Possibility of a Scientific Law of Wages’ (1889), while ‘Distribution as Determined by a Law of Rent’ (1891) and ‘A Universal Law of Economic Variation’ (1894) comprise the essence of Chapters 12 through 14. Indeed, some of the content is traceable to The Philosophy of Wealth period: Chapter 20 is a re-worked version of Chapters 7 and 8 of that work, and these were derived from articles written in 1883.
Ju-tzu Hsi and the Genealogy of the House of Wei 1

Our knowledge of the genealogy of the feudal houses of the Chou period is based primarily on the Shih Chi “Hereditary Houses” and secondarily on frequent quotations in medieval commentaries of the Shih Pen, a systematic genealogical treatise which, before it was lost in the T'ang, found favor among such historians as Tu Yu (222-284) and Ssu-ma Cheng (fl. 719-736) and classicists like K'ung Ying-ta (574-648). In the “Hereditary House of Wei,” the Shih Chi presents a genealogy at some variance with the genealogy quoted from the Shih Pen in Ssu-ma Cheng's commentary to the Shih Chi and K'ung Ying-ta's “sub-commentaries” to the Tso Chuan and Li Chi. A central point of disagreement concerns Marquis Wen , who is described as the son or grandson of Viscount Huan . This conflict of genealogy is coupled with a serious discrepancy concerning the length and date of the reign of Marquis Wen between the Shih Chi and the reconstructed Chu-shu Chi-nien. I believe that a careful examination of the chronological difficulty will contribute to a resolution of the genealogical conflict and thus prepare the way for a more general solution of points of conflict between the Shih Chi and Shih Pen versions of the genealogy of the House of Wei.
Hemostasis biomarkers and risk of sepsis: the REGARDS cohort.

Essentials Few studies have investigated the risk of sepsis by baseline hemostasis biomarkers measures. Baseline hemostasis biomarkers and risk of sepsis was examined using case-control study design. Increased fibrinogen, factor IX, and factor XI levels may be associated with risk of sepsis. Hemostasis biomarkers may provide a target for sepsis mitigation or prevention. SummaryBackground Sepsis is a major public health concern, responsible for more than 750 000 hospitalizations and 200 000 annual deaths in the USA. Few studies have investigated the association between baseline measurements of hemostasis biomarkers and the future risk of sepsis. Objective To determine whether hemostasis biomarkers levels measured at baseline in a cohort of community-dwelling participants are associated with the risk of future sepsis events. Methods We performed a nested case–control study within the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) cohort. We identified sepsis hospitalizations occurring over a 10-year period. There were 50 incident sepsis cases with baseline measurements of hemostasis (fibrinogen, factor VIII, FIX, FXI, protein C, and D-dimer). Using incidence density sampling, we matched the 50 sepsis cases with 200 controls by age, sex, and race. We used conditional logistic regression to evaluate the association between baseline hemostasis biomarkers and future sepsis events. Results Comparison of 50 sepsis cases with 200 non-sepsis controls showed that sepsis cases had lower education and income, were more likely to live in the stroke belt, had chronic lung disease, and had higher albumin level/creatinine level ratios (ACRs). Individuals with higher baseline fibrinogen levels (adjusted odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation: 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.94), FIX levels ([OR] 1.46, 95% [CI] 1.03–2.07) and FXI levels ([OR]1.52, 95% [CI] 1.04–2.23) were more likely to experience a sepsis event. Conclusion Baseline fibrinogen, FIX and FXI levels are associated with future episodes of sepsis. Hemostasis biomarkers may provide targets for sepsis mitigation or prevention.
Remote Raman Efficiencies and Cross-Sections of Organic and Inorganic Chemicals.

We determined Raman cross-sections of various organic liquids and inorganic polyatomic ions in aqueous solutions with a 532 nm pulsed laser using remote Raman systems developed at the University of...
Potassium channels in the heart Cellular, molecular, and clinical implications.

Potassium channels are membrane-spanning proteins that regulate the flow of potassium ions across the cell membrane. Because of the electrochemical gradient for potassium ions in almost all cell types, opening of potassium channels causes an efflux, of potassium ions that in turn tends to make the interior of the cell more negative than its extracellular environment. During the last 5 years, there has been a rapidly expanding base of information about the structure, function, and pharmacologic regulation of this type of ion channel, and the integration of this information is particularly important to cardiac electrophysiology, where control of potassium efflux is relevant to the design of class-III antiarrhythmic agents and to the understanding of genetic basis of certain disorders. This brief review highlights the functional importance of various potassium channels to the electrophysiology of the heart and presents relevant molecular information about the structures that constitute this important family of integral membrane proteins.
Just around Midnight: Rock and Roll and the Racial Imagination

What are the ideal qualifications for analyzing rock music history? Initially, a love of the genre and a breadth of knowledge concerning important songs, influential performers, and significant com...
Classification of Knee Dislocations and the Surgical Implications

Knee dislocations are rare injuries but are being seen more frequently for a variety of reasons. Because of the increasing incidence, a practitioner is much more likely to be faced with caring for a patient with a knee dislocation in their practice. It is essential for practitioners to be able to classify and communicate with each other accurately. Three primary classification systems are frequently used: the position, energy of injury, and anatomic systems. The position system classifies the KD by relation of the tibia with respect to the femur. The energy of injury system classifies the KD by mechanism of injury. The anatomic system classifies the KD by the injured structures. While all systems have their uses, the anatomic system is most comprehensive and useful in relying information and prognosis.
A Bayesian approach for probabilistic classification and inference of occupant thermal preferences in office buildings

Abstract This paper presents a new data-driven method for learning personalized thermal preference profiles, by formulating a combined classification and inference problem, without developing different models for each occupant. Different from existing approaches, we developed a generalized thermal preference model in which our main hypothesis, “Different people prefer different thermal conditions”, is explicitly encoded. The approach is fully Bayesian, and it is based on the premise that the thermal preference is mainly governed by (i) an overall thermal stress, represented using physical process equations with relatively few parameters along with prior knowledge of the parameters, and (ii) the personal thermal preference characteristic, which is modeled as a hidden random variable. The concept of clustering occupants based on this hidden variable, i.e., similar thermal preference characteristic, is introduced. The results, based on a dataset collected from a typical office building population, show clear evidence of the existence of multi-clusters; in particular, the 5-cluster model performed best compared to 2, 3 and higher cluster models using the studied dataset. Subsequently, the thermal preference of a new occupant in the dataset is inferred by using a mixture of the general sub-models for each cluster. The results show that the method developed in this study provides accurate predictions for personalized thermal preference profiles and it is efficient as it only requires a relatively small dataset collected from each occupant. The approach presented in this paper is a significant step towards personalized environments in office buildings using real-time feedback from occupants.
Delay in radiotherapy is associated with an increased risk of disease recurrence in women with ductal carcinoma in situ

BACKGROUND The current study was conducted to examine the association between ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) and the timing of radiotherapy (RT) in women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) undergoing breast-conserving surgery (BCS). METHODS Women with DCIS who were treated with BCS and RT from 1980 through 2010 were identified from a prospectively maintained database. IBTR rates, measured from the time of RT completion, were compared between those who initiated RT ≤8 weeks, >8 to 12 weeks, and >12 weeks after the completion of surgery. The association between RT timing and IBTR was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analyses; Cox modeling was used for multivariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 1323 women met the inclusion criteria. The median follow-up was 6.6 years, with 311 patients followed for ≥10 years. A total of 126 IBTR events occurred. Patients were categorized by RT timing: 806 patients (61%) with timing of ≤8 weeks, 386 patients (29%) with timing of >8 to 12 weeks, and 131 patients (10%) with timing >12 weeks. The 5-year and 10-year IBTR rates were 5.8% and 13.0%, respectively, for RT starting ≤8 weeks after surgery; 3.8% and 7.6%, respectively, for RT starting >8 to 12 weeks after surgery; and 8.8% and 23.0%, respectively, for an RT delay >12 weeks after surgery (P = .004). On multivariable analysis, menopause (hazard ratio [HR], 0.54; P = .0009) and endocrine therapy (HR, 0.45; P = .002) were found to be protective against IBTR, whereas a delay in RT >12 weeks compared with ≤8 weeks was associated with a higher risk of IBTR (HR, 1.92; P = .014). There was no difference in IBTR noted between RT initiation at ≤8 weeks and initiation at >8 to 12 weeks after BCS (P = .3). CONCLUSIONS A delay in RT >12 weeks is associated with a significantly higher risk of IBTR in women undergoing BCS for DCIS. Efforts should be made to avoid delays in starting RT to minimize the risk of disease recurrence. Cancer 2018;124:46-54. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
The impact of obesity on brain iron levels and α-synuclein expression is regionally dependent

Background: The importance of iron homeostasis is particularly apparent in the brain, where iron deficiency results in impaired cognition and iron accumulation is associated with neurodegenerative ...
Discharge service as a determinant of 30-day readmission in a cohort of maintenance hemodialysis patients: a retrospective cohort study

End stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on maintenance hemodialysis, are high utilizers of inpatient services. Because of data showing improved outcomes in medical patients admitted to hospitalist-run, non-teaching services, we hypothesized that discharge from a hospitalist-run, non-teaching service is associated with lower risk of 30-day re-hospitalization in a cohort of patients on hemodialysis. One thousand and 84 consecutive patients with ESRD on maintenance hemodialysis who were admitted to Montefiore, a tertiary care center, in 2014 were analyzed using the electronic medical records. We evaluated factors associated with 30-day readmission in multivariable regression models. We then tested the association of care by a hospitalist-run, non-teaching service with 30-day readmission in a propensity score matched analysis. Patients cared for on the hospitalist-run, non-teaching service had lower socio-economic scores (SES) and had longer lengths of stay (LOS), as compared to a standard teaching service, but otherwise the populations were similar. In multivariable testing, severity of illness, (OR 2.40, (95%CI: 1.43–4.03) for highest quartile) number of previous hospitalizations (OR 1.22 (95%CI:1.16–1.28) for each admission), and discharge to a skilled nursing facility (SNF)(OR 1.56 (95%CI:1.01–2.43) were significantly associated with 30-day re-admissions. Care by the non-teaching service was associated with a lower risk of 30-day readmission, even after adjusting for clinical factors and matching based on propensity score (OR 0.65(95%CI:0.46–0.91) and 0.71(95%CI:0.66–0.77) respectively). Patients with ESRD on hemodialysis discharged from a hospitalist-run, non-teaching medicine service had lower odds of readmission as compared to those patients discharged from a standard teaching service.
A novel analytical solution for estimating aquifer properties within a horizontally anisotropic aquifer bounded by a stream

Abstract Past studies modeling stream-aquifer interaction commonly account for vertical anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity, but rarely address horizontal anisotropy, which may exist in certain sedimentary environments. If present, horizontal anisotropy will greatly impact stream depletion and the amount of recharge a pumped aquifer captures from the river. This scenario requires a different and somewhat more sophisticated mathematical approach to model and interpret pumping test results than previous models used to describe captured recharge from rivers. In this study, a new mathematical model is developed to describe the spatiotemporal distribution of drawdown from stream-bank pumping with a well screened across a horizontally anisotropic, confined aquifer, laterally bounded by a river. This new model is used to estimate four aquifer parameters including the magnitude and directions of major and minor principal transmissivities and storativity based on the observed drawdown-time curves within a minimum of three non-collinear observation wells. In order to approve the efficacy of the new model, a MATLAB script file is programmed to conduct a four-parameter inversion to estimate the four parameters of concern. By comparing the results of analytical and numerical inversions, the accuracy of estimated results from both inversions is acceptable, but the MATLAB program sometimes becomes problematic because of the difficulty of separating the local minima from the global minima. It appears that the new analytical model of this study is applicable and robust in estimating parameter values for a horizontally anisotropic aquifer laterally bounded by a stream. Besides that, the new model calculates stream depletion rate as a function of stream-bank pumping. Unique to horizontally anisotropic and homogeneous aquifers, the stream depletion rate at any given pumping rate depends closely on the horizontal anisotropy ratio and the direction of the principle transmissivities relative to the stream-bank.
Common Models Used for Inpatient Diabetes Management.

Diabetes affects about a third of all hospitalized patients and up to 50% of inpatients go on to experience hyperglycemia. Despite strong evidence supporting the importance of adequate glycemic control, as well detailed guidelines from major national organizations, many patients continue to have hypo- and hyperglycemia during their hospital stay. While this may be partially related to provider and patient-specific factors, system-based barriers continue to pose a major obstacle. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond merely discussing specific insulin protocols and provide guidance for effective models of care in the acute glycemic management of hospitalized patients. To date, there is limited data evaluating the various models of care for inpatient diabetes management in terms of efficacy or cost, and there is no summary on this topic guiding physicians and hospital administrators. In this paper, four common models of inpatient diabetes care will be presented including those models led by the following: an endocrinologist(s), mid-level provider(s), pharmacist(s), and a virtual glucose management team. The authors will outline the intrinsic benefits as well as limitations of each model of care as well as cite supporting evidence, when available. Discussion pertaining to how a given model of care shapes and formulates a particular organization’s structured glucose management program (GMP) will be examined. Furthermore, the authors describe how the model of care chosen by an institution serves as the foundation for the creation of a GMP. Finally, the authors examine the critical factors needed for GMP success within an institution and outline the nature of hospital administrative support and accompanying reporting structure, the function of a multidisciplinary diabetes steering committee, and the role of the medical director.
NOTES ON THE ‘NEW APULEIUS’

Justin Stover has recently edited a collection of Platonic placita , organized by individual dialogue, which he identifies as the lost third book of Apuleius’ De Platone . The work is preserved only in a thirteenth-century manuscript, Vatican BAV Reg. lat. 1572 (= R). The manuscript is filled with trivial errors, including a large number of one-word or two-word lacunae. Stover has worked ably to clean up the text and many of his emendations are uncontroversial. But any editio princeps is likely to be susceptible of improvement. I offer here some notes on a few points where I think either the text or Stover's translation and commentary can be bettered. I am not primarily concerned here with the ascription to Apuleius (if the work is not by Apuleius, it must in any case be by a Middle Platonist roughly contemporary with him), although one or two points may have some relevance to this question.
Regularization of Nonlinear Ill-Posed Variational Inequalities and Convergence Rates

Let H be a Hilbert space and K be a nonempty closed convex subset of H. For f ∈ H, we consider the (ill-posed) problem of finding u ∈ K for which ≥ 0 for all v ∈ K, where A : H → H is a monotone (not necessarily linear) operator. We study the approximation of the solutions of the variational inequality by using the following perturbed variational inequality: for fδ ∈ H, ‖ fδ − f ‖ ≤ δ, find ueδ, η ∈ Kη for which ≥ 0 for all v ∈ Kη, where e, δ, and η are positive parameters, and Kη, a perturbation of the set K, is a nonempty closed convex set in H. We establish convergence and a rate O(e1 / 3) of convergence of the solutions of the regularized variational inequalities to a solution of the original variational inequality using the Mosco approximation of closed convex sets, where A is a weakly differentiable inverse-strongly-monotone operator.
A Fair and Implicitly Impartial Jury: An Argument for Administering the Implicit Association Test During Voir Dire

While many refer to jury selection as a science, others—perhaps more accurately—liken the process to voodoo. The jury consulting industry has exploded over the last thirty years, with many attorneys paying large amounts for voir dire for erratic and unpredictable results and a general inability to detect bias accurately in potential jurors. One explanation for these poor results, even when using the latest findings in the scientific jury selection field, is that the tools currently available to attorneys and jury consultants give us only a partial picture of the individuals in question. Currently, voir dire consists of oral questioning and the occasional written questionnaires. These simple tools measure only the explicitly held and often filtered beliefs of the jurors, but we now know that our behavior and decisionmaking are influenced by more than our explicitly held and publically stated beliefs. To a get a more accurate picture of an individual’s potential biases and a more effective predictor of future behavior and decisionmaking, our voir dire toolbox must be expanded to include measurements of implicit attitudes and implicit stereotypes. This Article examines the impact of implicit bias within the context of criminal trials in federal courts where the defendant’s race is different from that of some jurors, and advocates for the use of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) during voir dire to fill out the currently insufficient tool box available to attorneys and judges.
Future of Sleep Research

There are many opportunities for the future of sleep and sleep disorders research. There is growing recognition of the public health significance of sleep disorders. There are new technological approaches that facilitate addressing major research questions. This article highlights a number of current opportunities for sleep research. Several of the opportunities discussed are in line with the recent plan published by National Institutes of Health for sleep disorders research. In the basic science area, there are major opportunities to address the interaction between the sleep and circadian systems. This is particularly so for peripheral tissues and metabolism. Many metabolic processes are under the control of local clocks. Inadequate sleep also leads to insulin resistance and enhanced appetite. There is a need to understand the mechanisms of this at a fundamental level and how this interacts with clock mechanisms. This question overlaps with another key area of inquiry – the functions of sleep. Is sleep only for the brain or does it have a restorative function for other organs? Two areas of likely future emphasis for sleep disorders research are the establishment of personalized medicine and comparative effectiveness research (CER). The former envisages tailoring diagnosis and treatment to specific characteristics of subgroups of patients with a particular disorder rather than applying the same approach to all subjects. Subgroups will be identified based on clinical information, imaging, and molecular signatures. The basis of these differences can be due to genetic, epigenetic, and/or environmental factors. While this is for the future, CER is in the present. This area of research seeks to determine the optimal way to diagnose and treat specific disorders at lowest cost. Its major focus is research in real-world settings. Identification of research questions requires inputs from all stakeholders – physicians, other healthcare providers, patients, policy makers, payors, etc. New study designs are being developed for this important type of research. Obstructive sleep apnea has already been identified as a high priority for this type of research. There are opportunities to study other sleep disorders that are highly prevalent.
Business patterns: reusable abstract constructs for business specification

Business patterns are powerful, high-level constructs that provide a natural and well-structured way of both understanding and specifying businesses and their rules. To be of use, business specifications have to be presented in an abstract and precise manner, and this paper shows how to do just that. Key concepts include business invariants and operations, and a higher level notion of “business pattern”. Specifications built in this way can be parameterized and reused in various business contexts. Business patterns in particular promise to be extremely helpful as a basis for systematic business analysis and subsequent implementation of the results of this analysis. We have successfully used these concepts and constructs in our engagements with (insurance) customers (Kilov et al., 1996).
Investigation on Damping of a Host Structure Induced by Attached Cables

The development of a lightweight spacecraft structures has been a major issue in aerospace applications to reduce launch costs. While the structural weight has been decreased, spacecraft cabling has increased. Thus cabling represents an increased percentage of the mass of a lightweight structure. The attached cable harness also changes the mass distribution of the combined system. Eventually, the dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies and damping are affected and altered. Damping has an important role in structural design because it reduces the dynamic response avoiding excessive deflection or stress, fatigue loads, and settling times. Experimental results with some specimens indicate a clear change of damping on the main structure with the inclusion of cable dynamics. In this paper, we investigate the modification of the damping of the total structure with various experiments. The identification of damping is conducted by using measured results. The effect of flexibility of cable harness on damping is observed through the experiments with various types of cables. The effect of the number of connections on damping is also investigated by changing the number of connections.
Regulation of Cancer Cell Metabolism by Hypoxia

The growth of a tumor usually results in the development of hypoxia, which is primarily a consequence of the tumor outgrowing existing vasculature and the disorganized nature of vascular growth induced by the tumor itself. The low oxygen tension at the site of neoplastic growth has a significant effect on the metabolic status of the cells involved. In order for the cells to survive the harsh conditions of low oxygen and nutrition, the metabolism of the cell switches from an aerobic type of metabolism to an anaerobic one, relying primarily on glycolysis for the production of energy and metabolic intermediates that feed various biosynthetic pathways. Because this phenotype is associated with increased cell survival, drug resistance, and ultimately poor patient prognosis, the metabolic components and the mediators of the hypoxic response are viable targets in the war on cancer. Currently, a variety of drugs are being explored that influence the mediators of the hypoxic response, such as hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), and those that target metabolic enzymes directly. These agents show promise in improving the current standard of care by acting in a synergistic manner with current cancer therapies.
You Can’t Root for Both Teams!: Convergent Evidence for the Unidirectionality of Group Loyalty

Four studies tested the existence of a social norm that one cannot simultaneously support two competing groups or teams. Our evolved coalitional psychology should be sensitive to individuals expressing mixed loyalties between rivals, as they represent substantial threats for defection. Study 1 manipulated confederate attire and demonstrated that public displays of mixed loyalty provoked more attention and reactions than displays of consistent loyalty (n = 1327). Informants (n = 31) in the same population interviewed for study 2 agreed with the norm and cited the norm violation as the cause of reactions. Study 3 provided a more systematic and comprehensive assessment of affective and cognitive reactions to mixed and matching loyalty displays with an on-line survey of participants (n = 325) in the respective states of the rival universities. Study 4 examined naturalistic reactions (n = 318) to social media advertisements suggesting mixed loyalty to the two rival teams featured in the first three studies. These diverse methodologies provided convergent confirmatory evidence for the proposed social norm.
An Exploratory Study of Client Perceptions of Internet Counseling and the Therapeutic Alliance

Online counseling is a growing area of clinical work with relatively little empirical evidence about the kind of clients that use the medium, advantages and disadvantages of online counseling, and satisfaction with relationships and treatment service. Sociodemographics were collected on 81 self-selected clients using online counseling, and self-reported therapeutic alliance and satisfaction with online counseling were assessed for comparison to past studies of clients using traditional face-to-face counseling. Online clients were predominantly female, were already regular Internet users, and enjoyed the convenience and anonymity of the service. They were satisfied with their relationships and treatment online but not as satisfied as clients who have undergone traditional face-to-face counseling. The main disadvantage, the loss of nonverbal information, was offset by the advantage of anonymity when sharing shameful personal information. Research limitations and clinical implications of the study are discussed.
Reduced sensory-evoked structural plasticity in the aging barrel cortex.

Abstract Impairments in synaptic connectivity have been linked to cognitive deficits in age-related neurodegenerative disorders and healthy aging. However, the anatomical and structural bases of these impairments have not been identified yet. A hallmark of neural plasticity in young adults is short-term synaptic rearrangement, yet aged animals already display higher synaptic turnover rates at the baseline. Using two-photon excitation (2PE) microscopy, we explored if this elevated turnover alters the aged brain's response to plasticity. Following a sensory-evoked plasticity protocol involving whisker stimulation, aged mice display reduced spine dynamics (gain, loss, and turnover), decreased spine clustering, and lower spine stability when compared to young adult mice. These results suggest a deficiency of the cortical neurons of aged mice to structurally incorporate new sensory experiences, in the form of clustered, long-lasting synapses, into already existing cortical circuits. This research provides the first evidence linking experience-dependent plasticity with in vivo spine dynamics in the aged brain and supports a model of both reduced synaptic plasticity and reduced synaptic tenacity in the aged somatosensory system.
The effects of exercise on lipid profile and blood glucose levels in people living with HIV: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

Exercise is commonly prescribed to improve lipid profile and glucose levels in people living with HIV (PLWH). This systematic review was performed in order to examine the effects of exercise interv...