cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Enhanced realization/identification of physical modes

Physical structures are often sufficiently complicated to preclude constructing an accurate mathematical model of the system dynamics from simple analysis using the laws of physics. Consequently, determination of an accurate model requires utilization of (generally noisy) output measurements from dynamic tests. In this paper, a robust method for constructing accurate, structural-dynamic models from discrete time-domain measurements is presented. The method processes the measurements in order to determine the number of modes present, the damping and frequency of each mode, and the mode shape. The structure may be highly damped. Although the mode-shape identification is more sensitive to measurement noise than the order, frequency, and damping identification, the method is considerably less sensitive to noise than other leading methods. Accurate detection of the modal parameters and mode shapes is demonstrated for modes with damping ratios exceeding 15 percent.
MiFID and a changing competitive landscape

In November 2007, the Markets in Financial Instruments Directive (MiFID) came into full effect. MiFID is the most significant European Union legislation for investment intermediaries and financial markets ever introduced. In general terms, MiFID is designed to provide a common, harmonized set of rules for the provision of investment services in each of the EU member states. A key feature of this legislation is the concept of a passport by which firms (e.g. investment banks, broker dealers, stock exchanges and alternative trading systems) are regulated primarily by their home state but can operate in other EU host states. MiFID also removes the so-called concentration rule, allowing greater competition for order flow across trading venues. This paper shows how new requirements concerning best execution, client classification, systematic internalisers, pre- and post-trade transparency, and the ownership of market data have created enormous new business opportunities. This paper argues that MiFID has already succeeded in its goal of introducing greater competition, as already made clearly evident by the early success of new trading venues such as Instinet Chi-X and new market data providers such as Markit BOAT. Further exchange consolidation, more sophisticated smart order routing, and new entrants such as BATS Europe, Nasdaq OMX Europe, and Project Turquoise suggest that European financial markets are on the cusp of further major (and unpredictable) changes. In addition to exploring developments in Europe, the paper explores the impact of international exchange linkages, such as NYSE Euronext, and contrasts the principles-based approach of MiFID with the rules-based approach of the SEC's RegNMS.
Phytohormone Changes and Carbohydrate Status in Sweet Orange Fruit from Huanglongbing-infected Trees

Huanglongbing (HLB) infection alters citrus fruit growth and development, resulting in small, misshapen, and poorly colored fruit containing aborted or partially developed seeds. Typically, symptomatic fruit have delayed maturation and abscise prematurely. We studied carbohy- drate and phytohormone changes in HLB-affected fruit to explain symptom development because (1) carbohydrate shortage has been linked to fruit growth arrest and eventually abscission and (2) hormonal signals regulate, at least par- tially, fruit set and development. Symptomatic fruit (S), asymptomatic fruit (AS) from symptomatic trees, and healthy fruit (H) from asymptomatic trees were harvested from 'Valencia' sweet orange trees (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) infected with the HLB pathogen or not, as verified by PCR. Mature S weighed less, had lower Brix, were smaller, had more aborted seeds, and were greener than AS or H. Starch and sucrose contents were lower in mature S flavedo compared with that of H and AS. S and AS harvested 7 and 12 months after full bloom produced significantly less ethylene than H. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and abscisic acid (ABA) contents in flavedo removed from the stylar end, middle section, or stem end of fruit generally were higher in S flavedo than in AS and H. ABA content was fourfold higher in flavedo from the middle section of S than in AS and H. Flavedo excised from the large shoulder of misshapen S had significantly higher IAA content when compared with the normal-sized area of the same fruit on the opposite side. This increase corresponded to an increase in hypodermal cell area in S flavedo. Overall, these data reveal an imbalance of carbohydrate and phytohormone status in fruit from HLB- infected trees and suggest a role of such changes in fruit symptom development.
Pilot Program of Online Learning in Three Small High Schools: Considerations of Learning Styles

This case study was conducted in three schools in Maine, United States. The goal of this qualitative research was two-fold: to describe the process used by a small educational consortium as it initiated formal online education, and to view this experience through the lens of students' preferred learning styles. The United States does not have a national curriculum. While the government of Maine offers some state-level support for schools, many educational issues and initiatives are controlled at the local level. Additionally, Maine is one of the most rural states in the country and the isolated nature of these schools adds to the dearth of curricular opportunities for students ages 14-18. Data was collected using the Felder & Solomon (1993) Learning Styles Questionnaire and semi-structured, bi-semester interviews with ten students. Open and axial coding was used to identify themes, which were subsequently triangulated with a document review and the two sets of interviews with the three adult coordinators. Findings fell within two groupings: data that substantiated prior research, and data that offer contradictory conclusions. Learning styles have an important place in online learning. However transactional distance, teacher response time, group work, and school filtering issues also emerged as critical. Conclusions carry implications for online educators, school administrators, and policy makers
An implicit division technique using a digital multiplier

A division technique is developed using a digital adder and multiplier in a circuit having the form of an analog computer implicit division circuit. The difference equation that describes the circuit action is examined and shown to converge to the desired quotient.
Development of Polyclonal Antibodies for Detection of Protein Modification by 1,2-Naphthoquinone

Naphthoquinones have been reported to be toxic to liver cells in vitro. Protein modification is associated with naphthoquinone-induced cytotoxicity. In addition, 1,2-naphthoquinone was found to bind covalently to cysteine residues of proteins of lung Clara cells incubated with naphthalene. To further identify the target proteins of the naphthoquinone, we raised polyclonal antibodies by immunizing rabbits with 1,2-naphthoquinone protein adducts. A high titer of polyclonal antibodies was obtained by antiserum dilution tests. Competitive ELISA showed that the antibodies specifically recognize the 1,2-naphthoquinone N-acetylcysteine adduct. Very weak cross reactivity toward N-acetylcysteine and its 1,4-naphthoquinone as well as naphthalene oxide adducts was observed. For covalent binding studies, we incubated mouse liver homogenates with 1,2-naphthoquinone at concentrations of 1.0 and 10 μM at 37 °C for 1 h. The resulting protein samples were developed by SDS−PAGE, followed by Western blotting and immunostain...
Adjunct primer for the use of national comprehensive cancer network guidelines for the surgical management of cutaneous malignant melanoma patients

Recently, a Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) survey of melanoma patterns of care by the Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale showed remarkable deviations from best practice patterns throughout the country. The study, which analyzed the SEER records of 35,126 stage I to III cutaneous malignant melanoma patients treated from 2004 to 2006, showed that adherence to National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) therapeutic resection margins occurred in less than 36% of patients. Similarly, considerable variation in the quality of melanoma care in the United States when assessed using 26 quality indicators drawn by a panel of melanoma experts was independently reported. These observations underscore the significant lack of adherence to published best practice patterns reflected by the NCCN guidelines. The untoward effects of these variations in practice pattern can have an inordinate impact on the survival of melanoma patients in whom long term outcomes are affected by the adequacy of surgical management. Thin malignant melanoma is curable; however, thick or node positive melanoma is often incurable. This outcome is determined not only by the stage at presentation but by the use of best practice patterns as reflected in current NCCN cutaneous melanoma practice guidelines.
Point of failure as a predictor of in vitro fertilization treatment discontinuation

Among 2,245 women, those who experienced a chemical pregnancy that failed to progress to a clinically recognized pregnancy or a spontaneous abortion on their first IVF cycle were more likely to discontinue IVF treatment than those whose first cycle ended before embryo transfer or who did not have a positive pregnancy test after transfer. However, among women who did continue to a second IVF cycle, those who had at least a chemical pregnancy on the first cycle were more likely to have a live birth on the second attempt than those women who had failed before conception in the first cycle (34% success rate compared with 21%, respectively).
Molten metal burns: further evidence of industrial foundries' failure to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations

The purpose of this report is to describe another case of a molten metal burn to the foot of a foundry worker. The foundry in which he worked failed to comply with Occupational Safety and Health Administration regulations with regard to protective apparel. This injury could have been prevented with annual, unscheduled inspections by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and with enforcement of additional regulations regarding protective apparel.
Ordering Legal Plurality: Allocating Jurisdiction in State and Tribal Courts in Wisconsin

This article examines how a Wisconsin statute passed in 2009 that authorized state court judges to transfer cases to American Indian tribal courts unfolded as a political and legal process that was both informed by and produced by fundamental conceptions of cultural difference. It calls specific attention to jurisprudential differences in the form of jury trials and peacemaking in figuring the differences between conceptions of tribal membership and state citizenship.
Dynamic analysis of structures using lanczos co-ordinates

A procedure for deriving the Lanczos vectors is explained and their use in structural dynamics analysis as an alternative to modal co-ordinates is discussed. The vectors are obtained by an inverse iteration procedure in which orthogonality is imposed between the vectors resulting from successive iteration cycles. Using these Lanczos vectors the equations of motion are transformed to tridiagonal form, which provides for a very efficient time-stepping solution. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated by a numerical example.
E11. Chromatic Number of a Grid

As you recall, Problem 11.4 was created by Professor John Horton Conway of Princeton University and me on March 8, 1994, when we met at the “International Southeastern Conference on Combinatorics, Graph Theory, and Computing” at Florida Atlantic University in Boca Raton, Florida. I had heard a lot about John, and read his (jointly with Elwyn Berlecamp and Richard Guy) spectacular book Winning Ways for Your Mathematical Plays. John’s talk about quantum mechanics was very entertaining (at one point he even jumped up in the air :-) and inspiring.
Environmental geotechnics in the US region: a brief overview

The present contribution to the Regional Editors themed issue offers a concise yet focused overview of some of the key technical and scientific issues, as well as of current trends and future challenges, related to the broad discipline of environmental geotechnics in the US region. Particular attention is devoted to current policy and societal drivers as well as future professional and research capacity requirements in critical areas such as innovative recycling and improvement of compost, construction and geologic materials; solid waste management, landfilling and geoenvironmental remediation techniques; and crucial geotechnical engineering aspects of renewable energy production, storage and distribution.
Dual Decomposition Inference for Graphical Models over Strings

We investigate dual decomposition for joint MAP inference of many strings. Given an arbitrary graphical model, we decompose it into small acyclic sub-models, whose MAP configurations can be found by finite-state composition and dynamic programming. We force the solutions of these subproblems to agree on overlapping variables, by tuning Lagrange multipliers for an adaptively expanding set of variable-lengthn-gram count features. This is the first inference method for arbitrary graphical models over strings that does not require approximations such as random sampling, message simplification, or a bound on string length. Provided that the inference method terminates, it gives a certificate of global optimality (though MAP inference in our setting is undecidable in general). On our global phonological inference problems, it always terminates, and achieves more accurate results than max-product and sum-product loopy belief propagation.
Epidural buprenorphine for pain relief after spinal decompression

We report a prospective double-blind trial of the efficacy of a single epidural dose of buprenorphine on pain after spinal decompression. Postoperative pain was assessed by a linear analogue pain chart and by the additional requirement for analgesia. The patients receiving buprenorphine were significantly more comfortable (p less than 0.005) and required less analgesia in the first 12 hours after operation (p less than 0.05) than the control group. This simple procedure is recommended as an effective and safe method of reducing pain.
Reflection on Rethinking Nature: Philosophy in the Field

This paper seeks to highlight the importance of field science in rethinking nature and our ecological perspective as human beings and integral parts of our natural earth. In doing this, I explain geology as a field science and its historical background in the philosophy in the field; explicate what is environing world; emphasize the understanding of human rationality; define boundaries; clarify the reductionist view of geology to physics; enumerate and state Newton's Laws of Motion; explain thermodynamic system in nature; explain the meaning of the laboratory as an unreal place; define elemental earth; explain the earth as reconfigured elemental; explicate the relationship between demotic opinion and schema of production; and rationalize the role of leadership in preserving and conserving the elemental earth. The conclusion includes the comprehensive explanations of all the above-mentioned items which are helpful in understand our elemental earth. Therefore, we, as human beings on earth, should develop awareness and respect to our geo-ecological environment by observing with fealty the ethics of ecology to the earth.
Soames’s new conception of propositions

In this paper, I argue that, when it comes to explaining what can be described as “representational” properties of propositions, Soames’s new conception of propositions—on which the proposition that Seattle is sunny is the act of predicating the property being sunny of Seattle and to entertain that proposition is to perform that act—does not have an advantage over traditional ones.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Manganese(II) Complexes Containing N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands

A series of manganese(II) complexes containing aryl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Chloride complexes of Mn(II) containing the NHC ligands 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene (IPr) and 1,3-dimesitylimidazol-2-ylidene (IMes) were prepared in straightforward fashion by direct carbene addition to MnCl2(THF)1.6. These complexes exist as chloride-bridged dimers in solution of formula [Mn2Cl2(μ-Cl)2(NHC)2]. The monomeric complex [MnCl2(IMes)2] has also been prepared and structurally characterized, although NMR studies are consistent with facile dissociation of one of the IMes ligands in solution. [Mn2Cl2(μ-Cl)2(IPr)2] serves as a precursor to dimeric alkyl and aryl compounds of Mn(II) including [Mn2R2(μ-Cl)2(NHC)2] (R = Bn, o-tolyl, and Ph) and the bridging methyl complex [Mn2Me2(μ-Me)2(IPr)2]. Stoichiometric reactions of these hydrocarbyl species with bromocyclohexane demonstrate that they are not chemically competent in C–C coupling react...
Differential Diagnosis of Post-Procedural Skin Lesions: A Case Report

Skin reactions caused by interventional pain procedures are well documented in literature, ranging from fistula formation to urticarial allergic reactions and infections. Burn lesions may also occur, however far less common; and as pain physician we must be cognizant of this possible complication and its etiologies. This is difficult in an outpatient setting where a patient cannot be regularly monitored, their adherence to prescribed therapies is unclear, and reporting is often done via phone, ancillary staff, and outside facility records. These compounding factors require clinicians to consider a broad differential and be comfortable with instituting myriad therapies or appropriately involve outside consultation for thorough patient care.
Stress and Susceptibility to Viral Infections. III. Antibody Response and Viral Retention during Avoidance Learning Stress.

SummaryMice subjected to avoidance-learning stress for 2 weeks were inoculated intramuscularly with vesicular stomatitis virus. By measuring serum neutralizing antibodies, no differences in immune response between stressed and control mice were noted. Virus disappearance from the site of inoculation was significantly retarded in stressed mice. Analogous results were obtained with adrenalectomized mice.
REPORT OF FOUR CASES OF RUPTURE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN AUTOMOBILE DRIVERS WITH SEATBELT

シートベルトは,頭部,胸部の重篤な外傷を予防するために必要であるが,シートベルトによる腹腔内臓器損傷の報告も増加している.今回,シートベルトに起因すると思われた小腸損傷の4症例を経験したので報告する.男性3例,女性1例で,全例,トラック,乗用車および軽四自動車の運転者であった. 3症例は搬入時には,腹膜刺激症状がはっきりせず,画像検査上も異常は認めなかった.治療は手術により,小腸部分切除か損傷部の縫合閉鎖を施行し,術後の経過は順調であった. 腹部をハンドルなどで直接打撲していない場合においてもシートベルト痕を認めれば,時間の経過とともに消化管損傷による腹膜刺激症状や画像所見での異常がはっきりしてくるので,慎重に観察することが重要であると考える.
Oxide-Diamond Composite Coating Via Sol-Gel Method

Use of micron-size particles of synthetic diamond in oxide matrices prepared by sol-gel processing is explored. Alumina and borosilicate-diamond composite coatings are deposited on soda-lime microscope glass and fused silica substrates using dipping technique and thermophoresis. By varying the thermal gradient between the substrate and the solution, the quality of the films and the concentration of the particles can be controlled.
N ε -Lysine Acetylation Control Conserved in All Three Life Domains: The relative simplicity of studying microbes could prove critical for understanding this posttranslational modification system.

Working with microbes provides opportunities to better understand fundamental cellular processes, including some that, although discovered in eukaryotes, have their origins in Bacteria or Archaea. One such example, reversible N e-lysine (N e-Lys) acetylation of proteins, appears crucial for all organisms. With that universality in mind, the relative simplicity of bacteria and archaea could prove critical for advancing our understanding of how this posttranslational modification system influences cell survival.
Weak Sufficient Conditions for Fatou's Lemma and Lebesgue's Dominated Convergence Theorem

(1968). Weak Sufficient Conditions for Fatou's Lemma and Lebesgue's Dominated Convergence Theorem. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 109-117.
Epidemiological characteristics of measles in epidemic years before and after measles vaccine supplement immunization activities in Kaifeng city

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in epidemic years before and afterSupplementary Immunization Activity(SIA) of Measles Vaccine(MV) performed in 2010 in Kaifeng city and explore effectiveapproach for measles elimination. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the data of measles intwo epidemic years before and after MV SIA. Results The annual incidence of measles in 2008 was 17.40/100 000,anddeclined to 2.08/100000 in 2013 after the SIA,declined by 85.75%.The incidence decreased drastically among all age groupsafter SIA except age group of 45-49 years.Cases were not observed among the immunization coverage group(4-17 years).Themeasles had a highest incidence in children under one year old,being 410.73/100 000 in 2010 and 125.32/100 000 in 2013,respectively.Another epidemic peak was observed among age group of 20-30 years.Proportions for cases with immunity historybefore and after SIA were 31.04% and 25.64%,while the proportions were 7.78% and 66.67% for cases with immunizationhistory 7-21 days before illness. Conclusion The incidence of measles significantly decreased after the MV SIA performedin Kaifeng city in 2010, Immunization coverage rate of measles should be increased to prevent the prevalence of the disease.
Resistance of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in urban area of Guangzhou

Objective To survey the resistance level of Aedes albopictus to commonly used insecticides in Guangzhou which offering scientific evidence for the vector control of dengue fever. Methods Using 6 common chemical insecticides,the resistance of Ae. albopictus larvae in urban area of Guangzhou( Yuexiu,Tianhe and Haizhu) was measured by larval impregnation. Results Ae. albopitus from Yuexiu and Tianhe was lowly resistant to DDVP( the resistance index 2),but sensitive to other insecticides. The Haizhu population held low resistance to fenthion,permethrin,deltamethrin( the resistance index: 2. 02- 2. 44). Ae. albopitus in urban area of Guangzhou was sensitive to betacypermethrin and propoxur. Conclusion Insecticides should be used scientifically and rationally to prevent and control vector of dengue fever.
Sex-hormone-binding globulin in clinically hyperandrogenic women: association of plasma concentrations with body weight.

The relationship of sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) with actual body weight (ABW), ideal body weight (IBW), ABW as percentage of the IBW (% IBW), Quetelet index (weight/height 2 ) and plasma concentrations of various androgens and 17 β -estradiol (E 2 ) were studied in 9 normal and 57 hirsute patients (group 1). In hirsute patients, plasma levels (ng/dl, mean±standard error of the mean [SEM]) of testosterone (T; 77±4), dihydrotestosterone (DHT; 26±2), androstenedione ( Δ 4 A; 184±16), and SHBG (0.91±0.05 μ g DHT/dl) but not of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA; 608±55) and E 2 (6.1±0.1) were significantly different from those in controls. A negative correlation was observed between SHBG and ABW, both in controls ( P P n =35) and obese (group 3; 96±2kg; n =22). Plasma androgens, T/SHBG (an index of free T) and E 2 in groups 2 and 3 (T: 75±4, 81±7; DHT: 24±2, 28±3; T/SHBG: 85±7, 105±11; Δ 4 A:203±13, 155±16; DHA: 663±83, 521±49; E 2 : 6.1±1.0, 5.8±0.9) were similar; yet SHBG in group 3 (0.75±0.04) was significantly lower than in group 2 (1.0±0.01). Inverse correlations between SHBG and ABW, % IBW, and ABW/H 2 were observed in group 2 but not in group 3. We conclude that a negative relationship exists between SHBG and the body size in nonobese women and that in hirsute patients, obesity leads to a further lowering of SHBG through mechanism(s) probably independent of androgens.
A Special Reunion

One day Walter and I boarded a flight from Santa Barbara to San Francisco and sat together. Walter was headed to Washington, DC for a high school class reunion. I marveled at this and asked what year. Then Walter told me that this was the class of ’40 and indeed a very special class. At that time, with pressure coming from the 3rd Reich, Vienna had separated those students with Jewish names from the other students and they were sent to a different school. Walter had a class picture that showed the faces of a dozen or more eager boys and girls, posed for their senior photograph. This was the class of ‘40. Walter began to name them, recounting that this boy had gone on to become a well-known professor of mathematics, this girl had become a physician, this person an outstanding pianist and so on, truly a remarkable group of individuals. Of course, at the end of their senior year, the horrible chaos of that time would engulf them, sending them in all directions. Now, however, through chance and some searching they had found each other. I believe that four members of this special class were to attend this reunion, and Walter clearly was looking forward to it.
Hepatic Microwave Ablation Zone Size: Correlation with Total Energy, Net Energy, and Manufacturer-Provided Chart Predictions.

Abstract Purpose To determine whether total energy (TE) reaching the microwave (MW) applicator or net energy (NE) exiting the applicator (after correcting for reflectivity) correlates better with hepatic MW ablation zone dimensions than manufacturer-provided chart predictions. Materials and Methods Single-applicator, nonoverlapping ablations of 93 liver tumors (0.7–5.9 cm) were performed in 52 adult patients. TE and NE were recorded for each ablation. Long axis diameter (LAD), short axis diameter (SAD), and volume (V) of each ablation zone were measured on magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography after the procedure and retrospectively compared with TE; NE; and manufacturer-provided chart predictions of LAD, SAD, and V using correlation and regression analyses. Results For treated tumors, mean (± SD) TE and NE were 49.8 kJ (± 22.7) and 36.4 kJ (± 19.4). Mean LAD, SAD, and V were 5.8 cm (± 1.3), 3.7 cm (± 0.8), and 44.1 cm 3 (± 25.4). Correlation coefficients (95% confidence interval) with LAD, SAD, and V were 0.46 (0.28, 0.61), 0.52 (0.36, 0.66), and 0.52 (0.36, 0.66) for TE; 0.42 (0.24, 0.58), 0.55 (0.39, 0.68), and 0.53 (0.36, 0.66) for NE; and 0.51 (0.34, 0.65), 0.63 (0.49, 0.74), and 0.60 (0.45, 0.73) for chart predictions. Using regression analysis and controlling for TE, SAD was 0.34 cm larger in patients with cirrhosis than in patients without cirrhosis. Conclusions Correcting for reflectivity did not substantially improve correlation of energy values with MW ablation zone size parameters and did not outperform manufacturer-provided chart predictions. Correlations were moderate and variable using all methods. The results suggest a disproportionate influence of tissue factors on MW ablation results.
Green's Functions

This chapter describes the green's functions applicable to linear differential equations with linear boundary conditions. It yields an exact solution, in the form of an integral or an infinite series. Initially, the solution of the linear differential equation with a “point source” is determined. Then, using superposition, the “forcing function” (appearing in either the differential equation or the boundary condition) is treated as a collection of point sources. Green's functions can be calculated once then used repeatedly for different functions f ( x ) and h ( x ). The chapter illustrates two methods for constructing G ( x; z ) for the special case of a second-order linear ordinary differential equation. It also illustrates the construction process for g ( x; z ) for a partial differential equation. The chapter highlights that delta functions, in nonrectangular coordinate systems, are easily determined by a change of variables in the defining relation: ∫δ ( z ) dz = 1. In changing variables, the Jacobian of the transformation will then divide the delta function terms.
11 – GENITAL PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION

Most genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are benign. Subclinical genital infections with HPV are extremely common. Genital HPV infections cause a spectrum of diseases, ranging from asymptomatic infection to invasive cervical cancer. The HPV types are divided into low- and high-risk viruses, based on their association with cervical cancer. When the low-risk HPV infections are clinically expressed, they produce external genital warts. Once clinically apparent, they may persist, spread, grow, spontaneously regress, and/or recur. The high-risk HPV types cause abnormal Pap smears, low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), atypical squamous cells of uncertain significance (ASCUS), and atypical glandular cells of uncertain significance (AGUS). When the high-risk HPV types are clinically recognized on the external genital area, they cause formation of papular lesions. A useful strategy for HPV control is immunotherapy. Adoptive cellular transfers involve collection of the cells involved in host defenses from patients with cervical cancer; then growing these cells; activating them ex vivo by cytokines, such as the recombinant IL-2; and transferring them back to the cancer patient as therapy.
Single chip enabled high frequency link based isolated bias supply for silicon carbide MOSFET six-pack power module gate drives

Regarded as one of the most successful wide bandgap (WBG) devices, Silicon Carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor field-transistors (MOSFETs) are being considered in an increasing number of power electronics applications. One of those applications is the hybrid and electric vehicle (HEV/EV) traction inverters where high-efficiency and high-power density is essential. From the system-level perspective, the gate driver circuit design for such device is challenging considering the device's fast switching speed and compact system structure. This paper presents a low profile (6 mm) isolated bias supply design using commercially available components for the SiC MOSFET modules targeting an HEV/EV traction inverter application. A single chip MAX 13256 (3 mm∗3 mm) is adopted to form the high-frequency link for entire power module gate drive supply. Distributed transformer strategy is highlighted to provide multiple isolated output and compact structure with minimized parasitic capacitance between all the isolation barriers. The featured low profile optimization reduces the parasitic parameters that might deteriorate the system performance for the fast switching WBG devices. Moreover, the open-loop high-frequency link architecture allows easy configuration for customized output voltage level, polarity and higher reliability. A prototype gate driver has been built for 1.2 kV, 50 A SiC six-pack MOSFET power module, and experimental results are presented.
Learning to exploit a hidden predictor in skill acquisition: Tight linkage to conscious awareness

It is often assumed that implicit learning of skills based on predictive relationships proceeds independently of awareness. To test this idea, four groups of subjects played a game in which a fast-moving "demon" made a brief appearance at the bottom of the computer screen, then disappeared behind a V-shaped occluder, and finally re-appeared briefly on either the upper-left or upper-right quadrant of the screen. Points were scored by clicking on the demon during the final reappearance phase. Demons differed in several visible characteristics including color, horn height and eye size. For some subjects, horn height perfectly predicted which side the demon would reappear on. For subjects not told the rule, the subset who demonstrated at the end of the experiment that they had spontaneously discovered the rule showed strong evidence of exploiting it by anticipating the demon's arrival and laying in wait for it. Those who could not verbalize the rule performed no better than a control group for whom the demons moved unpredictably. The implications of this tight linkage between conscious awareness and implicit skill learning are discussed.
A new methodology for surveys and its application to forced response

Abstract The response technique in this paper provides a researcher with private information, which causes participants to be unsure which response associates them with the stigmatized characteristic, encouraging honesty and obedience. To prevent the researcher from exploiting the information, the paper suggests restrictions on its structure. Unlike most prior literature, this paper models the survey as a Bayesian game. In the application to forced response, participants should always obey commands as it is a dominant strategy. By applying this methodology to Warner’s method, respondents have a stronger incentive to reply honestly without any loss of information.
Data center power distribution system reliability analysis tool based on Monte Carlo next event simulation method

High reliability is extremely important for uninterruptable power supplies (UPS) such as those used in the modern data centers. It is necessary to comprehensively and precisely evaluate reliability of different UPS system's architectures before constructing the data center. In this paper, a novel reliability analysis and simulation tool for data center power distribution system is proposed. The basic algorithm of this software tool is based on Monte Carlo next event simulation method but novel enhancements are made to make it suitable for large system reliability analysis. Specially, a novel dependent event generator allows the correct modeling of important events such as the battery discharge event and breaker trip event. Moreover, a multi-thread algorithm is developed to significantly increase the calculation speed with high precision. Several typical data center architectures are analyzed with the proposed software tool and their reliability performance are compared.
American Nationalisms: Imagining Union in the Age of Revolutions, 1783-1833

America was born in an age of political revolution throughout the Atlantic world, a period when the very definition of 'nation' was transforming. Benjamin E. Park traces how Americans imagined novel forms of nationality during the country's first five decades within the context of European discussions taking place at the same time. Focusing on three case studies - Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, and South Carolina - Park examines the developing practices of nationalism in three specific contexts. He argues for a more elastic connection between nationalism and the nation-state by demonstrating that ideas concerning political and cultural allegiance to a federal body developed in different ways and at different rates throughout the nation. American Nationalisms explores how ideas of nationality permeated political disputes, religious revivals, patriotic festivals, slavery debates, and even literature.
Role of Chronic Stress and Exercise on Microvascular Function in Metabolic Syndrome.

Purpose The present study examined the effect of unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) on peripheral microvessel function in healthy and metabolic syndrome (MetS) rodents and whether exercise training could prevent the vascular dysfunction associated with UCMS. Methods Lean and obese (model of MetS) Zucker rats (LZR and OZR) were exposed to 8 wk of UCMS, exercise (Ex), UCMS + Ex, or control conditions. At the end of the intervention, gracilis arterioles (GA) were isolated and hung in a pressurized myobath to assess endothelium-dependent (EDD) and endothelium-independent (EID) dilation. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured through 4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Results Compared with LZR controls, EDD and EID were lower (P = 0.0001) in LZR-UCMS. The OZR-Ex group had a higher EDD (P = 0.0001) and EID (P = 0.003) compared with OZR controls, whereas only a difference in EDD (P = 0.01) was noted between the LZR-control and LZR-Ex groups. Importantly, EDD and EID were higher in the LZR (P = 0.0001; P = 0.02) and OZR (P = 0.0001; P = 0.02) UCMS + Ex groups compared with UCMS alone. Lower NO bioavailability and higher ROS were noted in the LZR-UCMS group (P = 0.0001), but not OZR-UCMS, compared with controls. The Ex and UCMS-Ex groups had higher NO bioavailability (P = 0.0001) compared with the control and UCMS groups, but ROS levels remained high. Conclusions The comorbidity between UCMS and MetS does not exacerbate the effects of one another on GA EDD responses, but does lead to the development of other vasculopathy adaptations, which can be partially explained by alterations in NO and ROS production. Importantly, exercise training alleviates most of the negative effects of UCMS on GA function.
Spectral-Domain OCT Findings of Retinal Vascular–Avascular Junction in Infants with Retinopathy of Prematurity

Purpose Bedside examination of premature infants at risk for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is performed predominantly with ophthalmoscopic en face viewing of the retina. Although postmortem retinal microstructures have been studied at the vascular–avascular junction, a critical location for pathogenesis of ROP, to date this has not been possible in vivo. Herein we present bedside, nonsedated in vivo cross-sectional imaging and analysis of retinal microstructures at the vascular–avascular junction in infants with ROP using handheld spectral-domain (SD) OCT. Design Prospective observational study. Participants Eleven preterm infants whose parents or guardians gave consent for research imaging during ROP screening examinations. Methods We imaged the vascular–avascular junction in the temporal retina using an SD OCT system (Envisu; Bioptigen, Inc., Research Triangle Park, NC) in 18 eyes from 11 preterm infants with zone I or II and stage 0 through 4 ROP. B-scan and en face images were analyzed and compared with historical light micrographs. Main Outcome Measures Spectral-domain OCT morphologic features at the vascular–avascular junction. Results Multiple bedside SD OCT findings at the vascular–avascular junction were comparable with historic light micrographs. Thickened inner retinal ridge structure in stage 2 ROP was comparable with thickened vanguard and rear guard cells visible on micrographs; vascular tufts on the posterior retinal surface in stage 2 ROP, broad arcs of neovascularization above the retina in stage 3 ROP, and splitting of inner retinal layers into clefts on either side of neovascularization mimicked findings on historic light micrographs. A unique finding was thickening of the avascular inner retinal band adjacent to neovascularization. On SD OCT imaging over several weeks, neovascularization and retinal clefts diminished after intravitreal bevacizumab therapy. Conclusions Retinal morphologic features at the vascular–avascular junction imaged with handheld SD OCT are consistent with known histopathologic features and provide the advantage of monitoring change in vivo over time. These unique findings provide new insights into preterm retinal neurovascular development in ROP.
A Genome-Wide Assay Specifies Only GreA as a Transcription Fidelity Factor in Escherichia coli

Although mutations are the basis for adaptation and heritable genetic change, transient errors occur during transcription at rates that are orders of magnitude higher than the mutation rate. High rates of transcription errors can be detrimental by causing the production of erroneous proteins that need to be degraded. Two transcription fidelity factors, GreA and GreB, have previously been reported to stimulate the removal of errors that occur during transcription, and a third fidelity factor, DksA, is thought to decrease the error rate through an unknown mechanism. Because the majority of transcription-error assays of these fidelity factors were performed in vitro and on individual genes, we measured the in vivo transcriptome-wide error rates in all possible combinations of mutants of the three fidelity factors. This method expands measurements of these fidelity factors to the full spectrum of errors across the entire genome. Our assay shows that GreB and DksA have no significant effect on transcription error rates, and that GreA only influences the transcription error rate by reducing G-to-A errors.
Impact Ionization Breakdown of GaAs Current Limiters

Breakdown in GaAs saturated drift velocity resistors is attributed to incipient electron-hole pair generation by electron impact. Transit of the holes leads to a non-uniform field distribution and a breakdown I-V which has been analyzed quantitatively.
Skills Test for Gymnastics

(1978). Skills Test for Gymnastics. Journal of Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 49, No. 9, pp. 56-57.
Nanoscale Metal Oxides as Destructive Adsorbents. New Surface Chemistry and Environmental Applications

An aerogel procedure combined with hypercritical drying has yielded magnesium oxide and calcium oxide in ultrahigh surface area forms. These nanoparticles of MgO and CaO possess intrinsically higher surface reactivities, and serve as destructive adsorbents for a variety of toxic substances, including organophosphorus compounds, and chlorocarbons. They also serve to adsorb large amounts of gases very strongly, such as CO2, SO2, SO3, and HX. A second generation of even more effective destructive adsorbents has been prepared by depositing a monolayer of transition metal oxide on the MgO or CaO nanoparticles, for example [Fe2O3]MgO, [NiO]CaO, [ZnO]MgO, and others. As a test reaction CCl4 + [Fe2O3]MgO→ [FeClx]MgCl2 + CO2 was employed. This gassolid reaction was facilitated and enhanced by two things: (1) Unusual morphology of nanoscale MgO, probably because of exposure of {111} crystal faces and high concentrations of edge sites and defect sites, and (2) the presence of the thin layer of Fe2O3 (or other transition metal oxide), which allows a catalytic O2-/Cl- solid state ion/ion exchange to take place. The reaction proceeded to almost stoichiometric proportions when Fe2O3 was present, which indicates that the surface Fe2O3-FeC1x layer is mobile and dynamic, allowing continual O2-/C1- exchange deeper into the nanoparticle. Morphological studies were aided by Atomic Force Microscopy experiments, which will also be discussed.
Analysis of the Effect of Graphite Morphology on the Elastic Properties of Cast Iron

Calculations of elastic constants of cast iron, consisting of an iron matrix with randomly distributed ellipsoidal graphite inclusions of different shape factors, are presented using Eshelby’s tensor for a single ellipsoidal inclusion and a differential scheme to take into account finite concentrations. Good agreement with published experimental data is obtained in most cases. Varying the aspect ratio from spheres to discs causes a decrease in the elastic moduli of a factor of approximately three. Implications of this effect, related to assessments of nodularity with elastic constant or ultrasonic velocity measurements, are discussed.
Preternatural Peasants and the Discourse of Demons: Xenoglossy, Superstition, and Melancholy in Early Modern Spain

Keitt analyzes Spanish contributions to the debate surrounding demonically inspired xenoglossy in early modern Europe. The devil’s linguistic prowess had long been one of his signature attributes, but during the early modern period natural philosophers engaged in a sustained debate over how, and if, the devil could teach the unlettered to speak Latin. The chapter argues that Spanish theorists crafted a sophisticated discourse that provided novel explanations for xenoglossy, drawing on Neoplatonism, neo-Galenism, Hippocratism, and traditional scholastic-Aristotelianism and details how this discourse facilitated the theological analysis of popular religious practices in anti-superstition treatises, manuals for exorcists, medical texts, and Inquisition trials.
Is there an association between non-dipping blood pressure and measures of glucose variability in type 1 diabetes?

Abstract Aim To assess the relationship between glucose variability (GV) and non-dipping of blood pressure (BP) as a marker of cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods Forty-one subjects with T1D (age 34 ± 13 years, duration 13 ± 6 years, HbA1c 8 ± 1.2%) without cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia, or hypertension at baseline were enrolled in a 3-year observational cohort study. Subjects were phenotyped for CAN with heart rate variability, cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests, and 24-h BP profiles at baseline and during follow-up. Non-dipping was defined as nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP fall of ≤10%. Reverse dipping BP was defined as a Results At baseline 10% of the T1D subjects were non-dippers. The dippers and non-dippers were similar in age, diabetes duration, glucose control, traditional cardiovascular risk factors, GV and inflammatory markers. No significant correlations were found at baseline between non-dipping nocturnal blood pressure and measures of GV. At 3 years there were no differences in risk factor profile of subjects who were non-dippers over time (progressors) and those who were dippers (non-progressors). Conclusion In a cohort of contemporary patients with T1D following the current standard of care in diabetes, the prevalence of non-dipping is relatively low. There were no clear phenotypes that explained the difference in the risk for non-dipping, including GV. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring could be used as a tool for improved CVD risk stratification and development of therapeutic interventions in these patients.
Teaching macroeconomics with data: Materials for enhancing students’ quantitative skills

Abstract This paper develops a class project – a set of empirical exercises integrated with simple econometric methods – and examines the pedagogical effectiveness of the class project in teaching undergraduate macroeconomics. Specifically, the class project is designed to connect empirical evidence to the three main areas of macroeconomics that have been taught widely in an advanced introduction to intermediate level course: 1) the short-run economy (economic fluctuations); 2) the long-run economy (classical economic theory); and 3) the very long-run economy (economic growth). For economics teachers, the class project presented here can be utilized as an interactive teaching tool to effectively demonstrate the bridge between macroeconomic theory and empirical evidence, and enhance students’ quantitative skills.
Interactions between anxiety subtypes, personality characteristics, and emotional regulation skills as predictors of future work outcomes.

Abstract Introduction This study examined long-term predictive links between different types of anxiety in late adolescence and work-related outcomes in young adulthood. The presence of adaptive personality traits and positive emotion regulation and coping skills were hypothesized to buffer these associations, reducing the negative effects of anxiety on future work outcomes. Methods Hypotheses were tested using multi-reporter data from a community sample of 184 youth in the United States followed from ages 17–30. Trait anxiety, anxious arousal, rejection sensitivity, and implicit rejection were each examined in late adolescence as predictors of work-related ambition, work performance, job satisfaction, and career satisfaction in young adulthood. Conscientiousness, grit, emotion regulation (ER) and coping skills were examined as potential moderators. Results Although trait anxiety was the only anxiety variable directly predictive of work outcomes in regression analyses, personality variables and ER skills interacted with multiple types of anxiety to predict work outcomes. Interestingly, findings reflected a pattern in which a combination of greater conscientiousness and greater anxiety, and greater ER skills and greater anxiety, predicted more positive work outcomes. Conclusions These findings not only suggest that the development of traits such as conscientiousness and ER skills may be helpful for youth with higher levels of anxiety, but also that higher levels of anxiety, when appropriately balanced by other qualities, may be adaptive for promoting positive career development for some youth.