cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measuring the Contributions of Routing Dynamics to Prolonged End-to-End Internet Path Failures

This paper studies the contributions of routing dynamics to the duration of long-lived end-to-end Internet path failures. Studies have shown that end-to-end Internet failures (periods of prolonged packet loss) are widespread. These failures are typically attributed to either congestion or routing dynamics. Unfortunately, the extent to which congestion and routing dynamics contribute to long-lasting path failures, and the effect of routing dynamics on end-to-end performance, are not well understood. This paper uses a joint analysis of active measurements and routing data to characterize end-to-end failures observed over one month on a topologically diverse Internet testbed. We find that routing dynamics coincide with most prolonged end-to-end failures, suggesting that routing dynamics contribute significantly to the duration of these failures. We also find that most long-lived end-to-end path failures that coincide with routing dynamics are caused by BGP convergence or instability. Our results provide new insights into the effects of routing instability on end-to-end Internet path performance.
Age-related differences in idiom production in adulthood

To investigate whether idiom production was vulnerable to age-related difficulties, we asked 40 younger (ages 18–30) and 40 older healthy adults (ages 60–85) to produce idiomatic expressions in a story-completion task. Younger adults produced significantly more correct idiom responses (73%) than did older adults (60%). When older adults generated partially correct responses, they were less likely than younger participants to eventually produce the complete target idiom (old: 32%; young: 70%); first-word cues after initial failure to retrieve an idiom resulted in more correct idioms for older (24%) than younger (15%) participants. Correlations between age and idiom correctness were positive for the young group and negative for the older group, suggesting mastery of familiar idioms continues into adulthood. Within each group, scores on the Boston Naming Test correlated with performance on the idiom task. Findings for retrieving idiomatic expressions are thus similar to those for retrieving lexical items.
Poor Agreement of Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Times Calculated Using Ultrasensitive Versus Standard Prostate Specific Antigen Values: Important Impact on Risk Assessment

Purpose: In men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, a rapid prostate specific antigen doubling time is associated with adverse outcomes, and is often used to guide the type and timing of salvage therapy. It is unknown whether prostate specific antigen doubling time calculated in the ultrasensitive range (prostate specific antigen less than 0.2 ng/ml) accurately reflects measures performed in the traditional range (prostate specific antigen greater than 0.2 ng/ml).Materials and Methods: We studied 394 men in a national disease registry of men with prostate cancer (CaPSURE™) who underwent radical prostatectomy, experienced biochemical failure, and had prostate specific antigen doubling time assessed using ultrasensitive and traditional prostate specific antigen values. Agreement between these measurements was assessed using Cohen's kappa score.Results: Median ultrasensitive prostate specific antigen doubling time was 11.9 months (IQR 6–29) and median traditional prostate specific antige...
Defect reduction through statistical process control and prior-level subtraction analysis

This paper discusses the reduction of defects in a nitride etching process using statistical process control (SPC). How defects are reduced in a contact process is also described.
Plasma cortisol concentration increases within 6 hours of stabling in RAO‐affected horses

Summary Reasons for performing study In many inflammatory diseases plasma cortisol concentration (CORT) increases at the onset of acute inflammation, but the situation in recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) of horses is unknown. Study design Split-plot repeated measures design with one grouping factor (disease) and two repeated factors (day and 3-hour intervals). Objective To test the hypothesis that CORT increases as acute exacerbations of RAO develop. Methods Four RAO-susceptible and 4 control horses were placed in a low dust environment (LDEnv) for 2 days followed by 2 days in a high dust environment (HDEnv). Exacerbations of RAO were indicated by increases in maximal change in pleural pressure (ΔPplmax) and decreases in breathing frequency variability (BFV), which was continuously measured by respiratory inductance plethysmography. Plasma samples for determination of CORT were collected every 6 h. Results In control horses, ΔPplmax and BFV were unaffected by the HDEnv, whereas in RAO-affected horses ΔPplmax increased and BFV decreased significantly. In the LDEnv, there was a circadian variation in CORT in both control and RAO-affected horses. In HDEnv, CORT was unaffected in control horses, but increased significantly in RAO-affected horses between 6 and 12 h after entering the HDEnv. Conclusions Plasma cortisol concentration increases concurrently with the development of acute exacerbations of RAO.
Thermotropic behaviour, self-assembly and photophysical properties of a series of squaraines

A series of squaraine dyes, based on 2,4-bis[4-(N,N-di-n-alkylamino)-2-hydroxyphenyl] squaraine including ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl and heptyl derivatives, were synthesised by condensation of the corresponding 4-(N,N-di-n-alkylamino)-2-hydroxyphenol with squaric acid. The thermal behaviour of the series was recorded using both thermogravimetic analysis and differential scanning calorimetry while their crystalline structures were elucidated via single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The length of the alkyl chain proved to have a significant effect on both the thermotropic behaviour and the crystalline structure of the squaraine series. Two derivatives, butyl and heptyl, revealed the presence of liquid crystalline mesophases, smectic and nematic, respectively, which were confirmed and characterised via polarised light microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Several of the derivatives formed H- and/or J-aggregates upon thin film formation via spin coating before and after the thermal annealing treatment as in...
Behavioral Theory in a Diverse Society: Like a Compass on Mars

The behavioral theory constructs most often used to study mammography utilization-perceived benefit, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, intention, and subjective norms-have neither been developed nor sufficiently tested among diverse racial/ethnic subgroups. The authors explored these constructs and their underlying assumptions relating to the social context of Filipina and Latina women. The mixed-methods study included testing construct measures in the multilingual surveys of a concurrent intervention study of 1,463 women from five ethnic groups. An intensive inductive investigation then targeted Latina and Filipina women to elucidate connections between social context and individual screening behavior. In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 key informant scholars, 13 community gatekeepers, and 29 lay women, and a supplemental study videotaped and interviewed 9 mother-daughter dyads. Three social context domains emerged: relational culture, social capital, and transculturation and transmigration. The meaning and appropriateness of the five behavioral constructs were analyzed in relation to these domains. In contradistinction to tenets of behavioral theory, the authors found that social context can influence behavior directly, circumventing or attenuating the influence of individual beliefs; contextual influences, synthesized from multiple perspectives, can operate at an unconscious level not accessible to the individual; and contextual influences are dynamic, contingent on distal and proximal forces coming together in a given moment and are thus not consistent with an exclusive focus at the individual level. This article describes the study methods, summarizes main findings, and preview the detailed results presented in the other articles in this issue.
Creating a Capable Bureaucracy With Loyalists: The Internal Dynamics of the South Korean Developmental State, 1948–1979

This study explores why South Korea’s top leadership combined a merit-based principle with region-based particularistic elements in the recruitment and promotion of career bureaucrats of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MCI) during its industrial takeoff in the 1960s and 1970s. It also investigates how this recruitment and promotion style was emulated by business sectors as a way of securing means to penetrate into the MCI. The authors argue that (a) South Korea’s top leadership utilized region-based particularistic elements to secure loyalty to the authoritarian leader and (b) state bureaucrats fell back on the readily available social resources of the time—informal social ties—to reduce the uncertainty innate to policy implementation and to achieve short-term policy goals, and this practice bred the organizational foundation that might undermine the bureaucratic character of the state—legalism and impersonalism—at the later stage of economic development.
A Pilot Study Examining the Reduction of Trauma Symptomatology in Families to Prevent Child Abuse And Neglect: Trauma Adapted Family Connections

This article presents the preliminary outcomes of a 6-month, in-home trauma-adapted neglect prevention program intended to reduce trauma-related risk factors in families and increase caregiver, child, and family well-being. Standardized measures were administered via a computer assisted self-interview (CASI) at intake and case closure. At the time of the analyses 72 caregivers and 105 children completed both an intake and closing CASI. Significant differences were found over time in the reduction of caregiver and child related post-traumatic stress (PTS) symptomatology. Outcomes in overall caregiver, child, and family well-being and safety significantly improved over time. Evidence suggests that trauma adaptation of the empirically supported neglect prevention program shows great promise in filling a service gap and in helping families who are chronically traumatized and struggling to meet their children's basic needs.
The fundamentals of plastic deformation : several case studies of plasticity in confined volumes.

Plasticity in small volumes is significantly different than in large, bulk-like specimens. The strength of materials in the micron and sub-micron regime depends not only on the microstructure but also on the size of the material. Given that a number of important mechanical processes occur at these length scales, it is important to build a comprehensive understanding of these materials and processes. This work examines several different processes in small volumes. The motion of dislocations in the drag regime are examined as a function of material volume which exhibits higher drag than in the bulk. The stability of single arm sources are also investigated using molecular dynamics. Finally, dislocation nucleation from the free surface is investigated using both atomistic as well as continuum models. These results provide a better understanding of plastic processes in confined volumes.
The molecular biology of the thalassemia syndromes.

(1978). The Molecular Biology of the Thalassemia Syndromes. CRC Critical Reviews in Biochemistry: Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 343-367.
Polyester fabric with inherent antibacterial, hydrophilic and UV protection properties

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) yarn with multifunctional properties such as UV protection, antimicrobial property and cotton-like moisture transport properties was fabricated in a semi-commercial melt spinning machine. Effects of chemical modifications and additives on PET yarn with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and zinc oxide (ZnO) were studied and reported. It was found that ZnO imparts UV protection and antimicrobial properties and PEG helps to improve moisture management. Bacteriostatic activity above 3.5 was observed with ZnO incorporation. High wicking length of 15 cm was obtained as against 2 cm for control PET fabric of same construction.
Introduction to aging: A positive interdisciplinary approach, by Judith A. Sugar, Robert J. Rieske, Henry Holstege, and Michael A. Faber

This book reflects a growing literature useful for teaching and preparing students and practitioners in gerontology in the rapidly emerging area of positive aging. The book reflects two paradigm sh...
Assessing agreement with multiple raters on correlated kappa statistics

In clinical studies, it is often of interest to see the diagnostic agreement among clinicians on certain symptoms. Previous work has focused on the agreement between two clinicians under two different conditions or the agreement among multiple clinicians under one condition. Few have discussed the agreement study with a design where multiple clinicians examine the same group of patients under two different conditions. In this paper, we use the intraclass kappa statistic for assessing nominal scale agreement with such a design. We derive an explicit variance formula for the difference of correlated kappa statistics and conduct hypothesis testing for the equality of kappa statistics. Simulation studies show that the method performs well with realistic sample sizes and may be superior to a method that did not take into account the measurement dependence structure. The practical utility of the method is illustrated on data from an eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) study.
Use of Biopty Gun for Transcutaneous Testicular Biopsies

AbstractNeedle biopsies are being performed commonly as a substitute for open biopsy in certain patients in whom a tissue diagnosis is necessary to determine therapy. During the last few years the Biopty††Bard Urological, Murray Hill, New Jersey. gun and its through-cut needle have evolved as a satisfactory method to perform prostate biopsy in a rapid and painless manner. To determine whether the Biopty gun could be used to perform testicular biopsies 7 patients underwent this procedure in an outpatient setting. The patients received cutaneous lidocaine and the special through-cut needle (already inserted in the gun) was inserted painlessly through this cutaneous wheal towards the tunica albuginea of the testis. The gun was fired and in less than a fraction of a second a biopsy was obtained. The needle was removed and the tissue was placed in Bouin’s solution. In some patients more than 1 biopsy was performed.None of the biopsies took more than 5minutes, none of the patients required postoperative analges...
Implications of Kindling And Quenching For the Possible Frequency Dependence Of rTMS

Kindling involves repeated administration of brief high-frequency electrophysiological stimulation of the brain at initially subthreshold intensities that eventually evoke full-blown seizures. It has thus been used not only as a model of epileptogenesis, but of long-term neuronal memory. Quenching is a phenomenon that utilizes low-frequency stimulation for much longer periods of time (eg, 1 Hz for 15 minutes), and appears to exert preventive effects on the development of kindling and inhibit the manifestation of full-blown kindled seizures by markedly increasing the amygdala afterdischarge and seizure threshold. (See also “Kindling and Quenching: Conceptual Implications for rTMS,” by Weiss and Post, page 32). The parameters of kindling and quenching with intracerebral stimulation of the amygdala in vivo are highly similar to those achieved in vitro in hippocampai slice preparations for inducing long-term potentiation (LTP) and longterm depression (LTD), respectively. These neuroplastic changes are relatively long lasting and appear reversible at the level of synaptic function with either LTD or LTP capable of countering the effects of the other.
Early outpatient follow-up and 30-day outcomes in patients hospitalized with cirrhosis

Preventing readmission has been the focus of numerous quality improvement efforts across many conditions. Early outpatient follow-up has been proposed as the best mechanism for reducing readmissions. The extent to which early outpatient follow-up averts readmission or improves outcomes in cirrhosis is not known. We evaluated the relationship between early outpatient follow-up and short-term readmission and mortality in patients with cirrhosis. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients with cirrhosis who were hospitalized with a liver-related diagnosis and discharged to home from 122 Veterans Administration hospitals between 2010 and 2013. We defined early follow-up as an outpatient visit with a clinician within 7 days after discharge. We propensity matched patients who received early visit with those who did not have any visit and examined the associations between early follow-up and all-cause readmission and mortality within 8-30 days after discharge. Of 25,217 patients hospitalized with cirrhosis, 8,123 (32.2%) had an early follow-up visit within 7 days of discharge. A total of 3,492 (13.8%) patients were readmitted and 1,185 (4.6%) died between 8 and 30 days after discharge. In the propensity-matched sample (N = 16,238), patients with early outpatient follow-up visit had a slightly higher risk of readmission (15.3% vs. 13.8%; hazard ratio [HR] =1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02-1.19), but significantly lower risk of mortality (3.2% vs. 5.2%; HR = 0.60; 95% CI = 0.51-0.70) than those without early visit. The findings persisted in several subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Early outpatient follow-up after discharge was associated with a small increase in readmissions but lower overall mortality in patients with cirrhosis. Transitional care may be effective in improving short-term outcomes in patients with cirrhosis, but readmission performance measures would miss this effect. (Hepatology 2016;64:569-581)
The maximum acceleration of seismic ground motion

abstract A prediction of earthquake strong motion is attempted by studying the initial form of the seismic source-time function associated with a fracturing process described under idealized physical conditions. The effect of cohesive force on the source function is examined in detail, and the following relations are derived for the maximum particle velocity u⋅ M and the maximum acceleration u M u ˙ M ~ ( σ o / μ ) c , u ¨ M ~ ( σ o / μ ) 2 ( c 2 / D o ) where σ o is the strength of material, D o is the slip displacement required for the initial formation of crack surface, c is the rupture velocity, and μ is the rigidity. Using these relations, it is concluded that the earthquake source motion is not directly governed by the interatomic cohesion, but rather by the gross strength of rocks. In fact, if 1 kbar for σ o and 10 cm for D o are assumed, reasonable results, such as u⋅ M ∼ 1 m/sec and u M ∼ 1 g, are obtained, with the characteristic period and distance 0.1 sec and 100 meters, respectively. This result implies that the specific surface energy for the earthquake may be as large as 10 10 erg/cm 2 , which is much larger than the typical values (10 3 ) observed for rocks in the laboratory.
Application of the System Level Airworthiness Tool to the Development of Small Electric Powered UAS

The System Level Airworthiness Tool was developed to be a flexible, point-based system to determine the airworthiness of a small Unmanned Aircraft System. The tool is based on the use of Failure Mode Effects and Criticality Analyses that are tailored for the aircraft configuration. The tool was developed to be used by the airworthiness professional or neophyte. To test the tool, the 2011-2012 Senior Aircraft Design students used it in their design and testing to qualify their aircraft.
Irrigation Water and Nitrate-nitrogen Loss Characterization in Southern Florida Nurseries: Cumulative Volumes, Runoff Rates, Nitrate- nitrogen Concentrations and Loadings, and Implications for Management

SUMMARY. Enrichment of surface water with nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) is a significant problem throughout the world. In support of developing a method for removing NOs-N from water using denitrification, this project characterized runoff events at two nurseries in southern Florida to provide information needed for designing capacity. Specifically, estimates of runoff rates and volumes, NO3-N concentrations and loadings were profiled during intensively sampled fertigation events at a foliage plant nursery and a bedding plant nursery. Discharge volumes and rates varied with event, ranging from 2,487 to 20,935 L and 59.2 to 126 L-miir1, respectively, per event. NO3-N concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 386.4 mg-L"1, and event loadings ranged from 51 to 3024 g, indicating that significant losses may be realized. This project provided valuable hydraulic and chemical loading information needed for the development and design of bioremediation tools for the horticultural industry.
Some Nitrogen Studies of Built-Up Litter

Abstract The practice of using built-up instead of new litter has many advantages. Kennard and Chamberlin (1949) and Halbrook et al. (1950) list the following points: less labor, less litter material, cheaper floor construction, drier floors, supply of nutritional factors, and less mortality. One particular disadvantage of built-up litter is the production of ammonia. In some cases the concentration of ammonia in the atmosphere may be severe enough to cause a slight inflammation of the eyes of broilers. The production and accumulation of ammonia are most severe during the winter and early spring months when dampness and ventilation are problems. The purpose of this report is to show what influences various mineral additives to the litter may have on the ammonia content of the air and the nitrogen components in built-up litter. EXPERIMENTAL Hydrated lime, superphosphate, pulverized lime, and gypsum were added at the rate of about 5 percent of the . . .
Using modal superposition for generating localized tactile effects on variable friction touchscreens

Previous designs of variable friction touchscreens (VFTs) have utilized a single, banded mode shape for generating tactile sensations on the screen. This is done because the width of the bands in the mode can be tuned to be smaller than the typical human's fingertip, keeping users from perceiving the sticky sensations caused from nodal lines. While this has enabled the generation of a sticky or slippery effect at any single, instantaneous location, it does not leverage the most optimal mode shape at all locations and it does not enable localized tactile effects for multi-touch purposes. Ideally, we would like to be able to control the sensations locally on a VFT, meaning that we could create a desired effect at any desired location. Even longer term, we would like to be able to do this at multiple locations, simultaneously, enabling multi-touch haptically. In this paper, we propose using superposition of multiple resonant modes to create richer tactile sensations and profiles for single touch and potentially enable some degree of controllability locally for future multi-touch use. We present our modeling and methods for implementing superposition, experimental validation of our efforts, and a user study demonstrating that this new approach does not suffer haptically from mode switching effects observed in prior work when switching from one single mode to another. The findings from this work establish a pathway forward for multi-touch VFT surfaces.
Abstract A076: CD40 stimulation overrides role of innate immune sensors for priming of T cells in cancer

CD40 ligation is a critical step in the activation and maturation of CD40+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and facilitates robust T cell priming, but the interaction of CD40 activation with innate immune sensors — particularly in combination with anti-tumor chemotherapy — is unknown. To investigate this issue, we used the KrasG12D+/-;Trp53R172H+/-;Pdx-1 Cre (KPC) genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) to study the effect of chemotherapy with agonistic CD40 treatment. KPC mice bearing spontaneous PDA were diagnosed by ultrasound and treated with gemcitabine (Gem) and nab-paclitaxel (nP), with or without agonist CD40 antibody (FGK45). Gem/nP/CD40-treated mice exhibited a tumor response rate of 37.5% vs. 0% in the Gem/nP group; however, no regressions were observed in Gem/nP/CD40-treated KPC mice if they were first depleted of CD8 T cells, indicating T cell dependency. To understand the mechanism of Gem/nP/CD40 treatment, a PDA cell line was developed from a C57Bl/6 KPC mouse with a spontaneous tumor and injected subcutaneously into syngeneic mice. Mice bearing established tumors that were treated with Gem/nP/CD40 had increased rates of tumor regression (59.7%) compared to Gem/nP treatment (11.2%) or CD40 alone (15.3%), as well as significantly reduced tumor growth kinetics (p Citation Format: Katelyn T. Byrne, Robert H. Vonderheide. CD40 stimulation overrides role of innate immune sensors for priming of T cells in cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A076.
Clinical and research considerations for patients with hypertensive acute heart failure: a consensus statement from the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine and the Heart Failure Society of America Acute Heart Failure Working Group.

Management approaches for patients in the emergency department (ED) who present with acute heart failure (AHF) have largely focused on intravenous diuretics. Yet, the primary pathophysiologic derangement underlying AHF in many patients is not solely volume overload. Patients with hypertensive AHF (H-AHF) represent a clinical phenotype with distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms that result in elevated ventricular filling pressures. To optimize treatment response and minimize adverse events in this subgroup, we propose that clinical management be tailored to a conceptual model of disease that is based on these mechanisms. This consensus statement reviews the relevant pathophysiology, clinical characteristics, approach to therapy, and considerations for clinical trials in ED patients with H-AHF.
Energy Homeostasis: Thermoregulation

Homeothermic animals, distinguished from ectothermic species by the capacity for producing endogenous body heat, maintain relatively and often remarkably stable core body temperatures. This stability is accomplished, despite marked changes of environmental and metabolic conditions, via sophisticated biobehavioral control systems. This article focuses on reflexive, autonomic thermoeffector pathways within a contemporary empirical and theoretical framework, and presents four simplified models that synthesize and illustrate some major concepts and anatomical substrates of modern thermoregulatory theory.
Global Burden of Non-Communicable, Chronic Diseases

Reliable, contemporary data about the distribution, determinants, and trends in global morbidity and mortality are fundamental to understanding and improving global health. The estimation of the world’s disease burden in the modern era was heralded by the publication of the Global Burden of Disease report in 1990 [1]. The World Bank initially commissioned the report in collaboration with researchers at the Harvard School of Public Health. The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation at the University of Washington (Seattle, USA) and Imperial College London (London, UK) serve as the current host centers for the Global Burden of Disease and Metabolic Risk Factors, respectively. The Global Burden of Disease underwent periodic updates until the release of its 2010 report in a 2012 Lancet series, which represented its most comprehensive overhaul since its inception [2]. The next generation of the Global Burden of Disease aims to provide annual updates, starting with 2013 data that will be published in 2014.
Parliament Lost: Phineas Finn

While Phineas Finn may not be the best of the Palliser novels (indeed, I reserve that distinction for The Duke’s Children), it is undoubtedly one of the three more purely political novels of the six — less melodramatic and contrived than Phineas Redux, more single-mindedly focused on politicians and political processes than The Prime Minister. It may well be the best political novel in English. “There is nothing much like Phineas Finn in English fiction,” one critic has written; it is a political novel “of extraordinary range.” Even Booth, no friend of the Pallisers, called “Phineas Finn” “the best of the Palliser novels [and] still good reading.” Trollope himself, though stating clearly his preference for “Orley Farm” and The Last Chronicle of Barset (always two favorites of his and the public), remarks in the Autobiography that “Phineas Finn? was successful from first to last” (p. 275). He presumably means “successful“ as a novel, and with some of the general public — for the fact is that contemporary reviewers, perhaps regretting that The Last Chronicle of Barset really was the last, found little to like in the book.1 For Trollope, it was sufficient that “the men who would have lived with Phineas Finn read the book, and the women who would have lived with Lady Laura Standish read it also” — for, he says, “As this was what I had intended, I was contented” (Autobiography, p. 273).
Fluorescence Talbot microscope using incoherent source.

Fluorescence Talbot microscope is a scalable field-of-view (FOV) imaging platform, which takes advantage of the phase sensitivity of the self-image of a periodic structure. Such a system can maintain the microscopic resolution and extend the FOV for the whole slide (15 mm×15 mm) scanning. Previously reported Talbot fluorescence systems, tabletop and on-chip device alike, rely on the coherence of the illumination source, limiting their potential applications in low-resource setting environment. A more cost-effective setup using a light-emitting diode, which has an area of 4 mm 2 and a full width at half maximum of 16 nm in wavelength, is demonstrated. Compared to the illumination that is spatially filtered by a single pinhole, our system has achieved an illumination intensity that is 357 times higher. The reconstructed image quality is comparable to that of a 10 × microscope objective. Various samples, such as fluorescent beads, green fluorescence protein-labeled HeLa cells, and a mouse kidney slide, were reconstructed by the system.
Radiative cooling of solar absorbers using a transparent photonic crystal thermal blackbody

We demonstrate radiative cooling of solar absorbers with utilization of sunlight. By placing a visibly-transparent thermal blackbody atop the absorber, we cool the absorber by 13°C, while preserving or even slightly enhancing sunlight absorption.
ProjectHeartforGirls.com: Development of a Web-Based HIV/STD Prevention Program for Adolescent Girls Emphasizing Sexual Communication Skills.

This article describes the development of ProjectHeartforGirls.com, an interactive web-based program designed to improve sexual communication skills and reduce the risk of HIV/STDs among adolescent girls, a population at heightened risk for negative sexual health outcomes (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). Although sexual communication is a critical predictor of safer sex among teens, there are few online interventions that target these skills as a central program component. We developed ProjectHeartforGirls.com to fill this gap. Program development involved (1) identifying the target population (ethnically diverse high school girls), (2) clarifying the theoretical foundation (Reasoned Action Model), (3) conducting formative qualitative research (n = 25 girls), (4) drafting initial program content, (5) receiving ongoing feedback from a teen advisory board (n = 5 girls), (6) programming online content, and (7) conducting usability testing (n = 6 girls). These steps are described along with...
Integrating Maternal Mental Health Care in the Pediatric Medical Home Treatment Engagement and Child Outcomes

Maternal depression is associated with an array of poor child health outcomes, and low-income women face many barriers to accessing treatment. In this pilot study, we assessed treatment engagement in a maternal mental health clinic staffed by a case manager and psychiatrist in an urban pediatric practice. We also examined factors associated with engagement as well as child health outcomes and health care use. Nearly half of the women enrolled attended at least 4 sessions with a psychiatrist in 6 months. Text messaging with the case manager was associated with a greater compliance with psychiatrist sessions. Comparing index children with their siblings prior to enrollment, a higher percentage had immunizations up to date at 1 year of age (82% vs 43%, P = .01), and well-child visit compliance trended toward significance (65% vs 35%, P = .06). The pediatric setting holds promise as an innovative venue to deliver maternal mental health care.
The Chromodomain Helicase DNA-Binding Chromatin Remodelers: Family Traits that Protect from and Promote Cancer

A plethora of mutations in chromatin regulators in diverse human cancers is emerging, attesting to the pivotal role of chromatin dynamics in tumorigenesis. A recurrent theme is inactivation of the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding (CHD) family of proteins-ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that govern the cellular machinery's access to DNA, thereby controlling fundamental processes, including transcription, proliferation, and DNA damage repair. This review highlights what is currently known about how genetic and epigenetic perturbation of CHD proteins and the pathways that they regulate set the stage for cancer, providing new insight for designing more effective anti-cancer therapies.
Fruitful Feedback: Positive Affective Language and Source Anonymity Improve Critique Reception and Work Outcomes

Feedback is information that can improve task performance. Online communities, educational forums, and crowd-based feedback platforms all support feedback exchange among a more diverse set of sources than ever before, with greater control over how to moderate this exchange. In this work, we study how the power relationship between the source and receiver and the tone of language influence the recep-tivity, effort, and work performance resulting from online feedback exchange. We conducted an online experiment manipulating affective language and source of feedback on a writing task. We found that critiques with positive affec-tive language increased positive emotions and reduced participants' annoyance and frustration, which led to an increase in work quality, compared to critiques without positive language. Feedback without positive affective language led to more edits, but not better work outcomes. Participants reacted more positively to feedback from an anonymous source than from a peer or an authority. Our findings provide design implications for platforms to support more fruitful feedback exchange.
“Don’t Let the Illegals Vote!”: The Myths of Illegal Latino Voters and Voter Fraud in Contested Local Immigrant Integration

This paper analyzes how the belief and fear by mostly older, white voters, politicians, and poll workers that “illegal” Latino immigrants were seeking to vote in local elections led to stigmatization of and discrimination against some Latino citizen voters in Port Chester, New York. Stoked by and closely echoing national voter ID law rhetoric, this fear fueled an “illegal Latino voter threat” narrative. This article documents how Port Chester’s leaders and citizens repeated this narrative in public life, sometimes enacting it in politics, including in voting. The resultant stigma denies Latino voters the presumed legitimacy other citizens enjoy, discrediting them in one word: illegal. Such processes harm democracy in Port Chester and America, and were on display in the 2016 presidential election.
Recent Advances in Targeting ROS1 in Lung Cancer

ROS1 is a validated therapeutic target in NSCLC. In a phase I study, the multitargeted MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase/anaplastic lymphoma kinase/ROS1 inhibitor crizotinib demonstrated remarkable efficacy in ROS1-rearranged NSCLCs and consequently gained approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration and by the European Medicines Agency in 2016. However, similar to other oncogene-driven lung cancers, ROS1-rearranged lung cancers treated with crizotinib eventually acquire resistance, leading to disease relapse. Novel ROS1 inhibitors and therapeutic strategies are therefore needed. Insights into the mechanisms of resistance to ROS1-directed tyrosine kinase inhibitors are now beginning to emerge and are helping to guide the development of new ROS1 inhibitors. This review discusses the biology and diagnosis of ROS1-rearranged NSCLC, and current and emerging treatment options for this disease. Future challenges in the field are highlighted.
Active Learning Activity Aimed to Develop Group Patient Education Skills

Providing patient education for a group is an essential practice for all healthcare providers that has been recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), specifically in relation to patients with chronic diseases. This practice requires skills such as adapting communication to meet the needs of a broad audience, understanding the perspective and knowledge gaps of a broad audience, and ensuring engagement of all audience members. These are experiences that pharmacy students do not traditionally encounter until the fourth professional year. This article will present the design of an active-learning, role-playing activity intended to develop group patient education skills in pharmacy students.
1.04 – Scatter Correction in SPECT

This chapter provides an introduction to the need for scatter correction and the types of approaches that have been employed in single-photon emission computed tomography to correct for scatter. It starts by reviewing the photon interactions which result in scatter. It then illustrates the impact of scatter on quantification and detection of lesions. Ways to lessen the amount of scatter acquired are then covered. This is followed by a discussion of how the energy spectrum of the detected photons has been utilized to correct for scatter. Finally, ways to estimate the distribution of scatter in the spatial domain through modeling the interactions of the photons are introduced.
Effects of zeolite a or clinoptilolite in diets of growing swine

Growth, nutrient balance, plasma ammonia levels and urinary p-cresol excretion were evaluated in growing pigs fed diets containing various levels of zeolite A or clinoptilolite. In one growth trial, crossbred pigs averaging 25 kg initial body weight were assigned to diets containing no zeolite, .3% zeolite A or .5% clinoptilolite for a 6-wk growing phase trial. Average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADF) and feed/gain (F/G) were unaffected by supplementation of either zeolite in the diet, but metabolizable energy (ME) utilization was improved by feeding diets containing either zeolite. A second growth trial utilized the same crossbred pigs, which averaged 65 kg initial body weight, and were assigned to diets containing no zeolite, 1% zeolite A or 5% clinoptilolite for an 8-wk finishing phase trial. Average daily gain, ADF, and ME utilization were unaffected by feeding either zeolite diet, while F/G was increased in pigs fed the diet containing 5% clinoptilolite. In two nutrient balance trials, 16 crossbred pigs averaging 7.5 kg in initial body weight were fed diets containing 0, 1, 2 or 3% zeolite A in one trial and 16 crossbred pigs averaging 7.0 kg initial body weight were fed diets containing 0, 2.5, 5.0 or 7.5% clinoptilolite in a second trial. In both trials, digestible energy, ME, N-corrected ME and ME corrected for N balance and zeolite levels were linearly reduced as increasing amounts of either zeolite were fed. Daily fecal N increased and apparent digestibility of N was linearly reduced by feeding increasing amounts of zeolite A or clinoptilolite. Biological value of protein was improved linearly as higher levels of zeolite A were fed, indicating that there may be some ammonia binding to zeolite A in the gastrointestinal tract. Net protein utilization was reduced by feeding increasing levels of clinoptilolite in the diet. Calcium, P, Mg, Na, K and Fe retentions were linearly reduced by feeding increasing amounts of zeolite A in the diet, while increasing levels of clinoptilolite caused only P retention to be linearly reduced. Both free and conjugated forms of urinary p-cresol were linearly reduced by feeding increasing levels of clinoptilolite. Plasma ammonia levels were reduced at subsequent bleedings after a meal and by increasing levels of clinoptilolite.
DECIMALS AND PERCENTS

This chapter focuses on decimals and percents. Decimals and percents are forms of fractions and are often more convenient than the usual fractions. A decimal system is based on tens. The American money system is an example of a decimal system. Numbers, such as 0.3, 0.25, and 0.476 are called decimal fractions. A decimal fraction is a proper fraction whose denominator is a power of ten. Usually, the denominator is not expressed. If a number is written as a whole number, plus a decimal fraction, it is called a decimal number or a decimal. The decimal point separates the whole number and the fraction. The chapter discusses addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of decimals. Percents are common because they are a convenient way of expressing a ratio. Percent means the number of parts per hundred. To write a decimal as a percent, multiply it by 100, moving the decimal point two places to the right. To write a fraction as a percent, multiply it by 100 and simplify.
Artificial Organs: Kidney

This article provides an overview of the development of hemodialysis, the principles of modern dialysis, and current efforts to improve outcomes of renal replacement therapy using approaches rooted in miniaturization, stem cell technology, and bioengineering. Current dialysis therapy requires strict dietary and lifestyle regimens, while having high rates of cardiovascular mortality and poor quality-of-life outcomes. Proposed methods for improving dialysis through altering dialyzer membrane composition, incorporation of living renal cells to assume active transport functions, and use of micro- and nanofabrication as tools for novel scaffolds are being developed. Several improved dialysis devices have undergone clinical testing; however, their utility has been only demonstrated in instances of acute renal failure, due to limitations in device design and performance. A completely implantable and living artificial kidney has the potential to relieve the immense healthcare burden associated with dialysis as a treatment modality for renal disease. Emerging technologies in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine have stimulated development of novel techniques and animal models for generation of living kidney tissues, primordia, and whole organs. The continued development of such approaches indicates that the prospect for development of a living, implantable artificial kidney remains just beyond the horizon.
Acute Hypertension and Experimental Diabetes: Evaluation of their Effects on Blood-Ocular Barriers

For the past several years we have been engaged in a series of studies on the effects of stress on the blood-ocular barriers. A variety of stresses have been studied — including osmotic shock,1 acute hypertension,2 drug reactivity,3 experimental diabetes,4’5 and carbon dioxide inhalation.6 For the measurement of barrier status, chief reliance has been placed on the localization of fluorescent dyes in freeze-dried tissue by darkfield microscopy. When appropriate, brains of the same animals have also been evaluated. In special instances, electron microscopy after the prior administration of horseradish peroxidase has been performed.
Attachment Styles and Transitioning Into College

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. Researchers examined whether attachment styles had an effect on interaction anxiety in college freshmen. The Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSC) (Griffen & Bartholomew, 1994) was used to categorize participants as secure, fearful, preoccupied, or dismissing. The Interaction Anxiousness Scale (IAS) (Leary, 1983) assessed participants' anxiety during interactions. Based on past findings that individuals with secure attachment styles had lower anxiety levels (Engels, Finkenauer, Meeus, & Dekovic, 2001), it was hypothesized that secure individuals would have lower interaction anxiety. Results from a between subjects ANOVA revealed that the hypothesis was supported. Results and limitations of the study are further discussed. This article is available in The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/vol9/iss1/7 Attachment Styles and Transit ioning into College
Trans Feminine Sexual Violence Experiences: The Intersection of Transphobia and Misogyny:

Trans feminine individuals are at a higher risk of sexual victimization than any other subset of the U.S. population. This New York City (NYC)-based study employed an intersectional framework with ...
Randomized Clinical Trials in Behavioral Medicine

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are one of the mainstays of behavioral medicine research. High-impact RCTs in behavioral medicine conform to the same methodological standards as biomedical trials, but they also entail some distinctive challenges. For example, double-blinding is rarely feasible in behavioral RCTs. This chapter discusses types and purposes of behavioral trials and examines the sequence in which they should be conducted. It addresses a wide range of conceptual and methodological issues concerning populations, outcomes, interventions, comparators, and quality control. It also discusses lessons learned from the landmark Enhancing Recovery in Coronary Heart Disease (ENRICHD) study, one of the largest RCTs ever conducted in the field of behavioral medicine.