cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Histone gene transcripts in the cleavage and mesenchyme blastula embryo of the sea urchin, S. purpuratus

Abstract Two distinct populations of histone gene transcripts have been identified in the sea urchin embryo. Both late cleavage and mesenchyme blastula stages contain histone transcripts which hybridize to a full-length histone repeat recombinant DNA, pCO1. The histone RNAs of the two stages, however, are dissimilar in sequence. While the transcripts of the cleavage embryo form well matched hybrids with the plasmid DNA which are relatively resistant to RNAase, the hybrids containing the mesenchyme blastula transcripts melt some 10°C lower and are twice as sensitive to RNAase. Hybridization of the two RNA samples to the Hha I fragments of the histone DNA, or to segments of the histone repeat subcloned in other plasmids, shows that many regions scattered along the repeat are complementary to widely diverged transcripts in the mesenchyme blastula RNA. The two RNA populations consist predominantly of polysomal RNA sequences and are most probably mRNAs for the five histones. The mesenchyme blastula RNA sequences in both S. purpuratus and L. pictus form hybrids with pCO1 DNA that are less stable than those containing L. pictus cleavage RNA, indicating the wide divergence of the two histone RNA populations. The bulk of the histone genes in S. purpuratus appear to be of the type coding for the early mRNAs. Only a small percentage of the several hundred gene copies are candidates for the type coding for the late mRNAs. The melting characteristics of the hybrids and the sensitivity of RNAase provide an assay for the late embryonic histone genes. Of the total RNA labeled during a 10 min pulse in the cleavage embryo, histone transcripts represent approximately 9.7 and 6.5% of the radioactivity in S. purpuratus and L. pictus, respectively. These values fall to 0.57 and 1.4%, respectively, at the mesenchyme blastula stage. Although histone genes are transcribed during these two periods, the type of gene which is active is switched at some point prior to the mesenchyme blastula stage.
Eternity or Infinity? Badiou's Point

I argue for a psychoanalytic approach to spatial questions. I then examine whether the topological (philosophical and mathematical) work of Alain Badiou is compatible with such an approach. French psychoanalyst Jacques Lacan, whom Badiou cites, also deployed topology, but I argue that Lacan's use of topology is fundamentally antithetical to Badiou's. As illustration, I analyze Badiou's treatment of The Paris Commune (also contrasting it with the work of Walter Benjamin on the same subject). I then draw out the implications for social and spatial thinking of Badiou's concept of the site (the locus of an Event which is, according to Badiou, the place of the advent of truth).
Providing Web search capability for low-connectivity communities

There are many technical problems that exist in communities other than our own. These problems both deserve our attention and require focused research. We present one example: the TEK Search Engine. TEK is an email-based search engine designed to deliver low-bandwidth information to low-connectivity communities.
Rapid design space exploration of heterogeneous embedded systems using symbolic search and multi-granular simulation

In addition to integrating different Intellectual Property cores, heterogeneous embedded systems provide several architecture knobs such as voltage, operating frequency, configuration, etc. that can be varied to optimize performance. Such flexibilities results in a large design space making system optimization a very challenging task. Moreover, such systems operate in mobile and other power constrained environments. Therefore, in addition to rapid exploration of a large design space a designer has to optimize both time and energy performance. To address these issues, we propose a hierarchical design space exploration methodology. Our methodology initially uses symbolic constraint satisfaction to rapidly prune the design space. This pruning process is followed by a system wide performance estimation to further reduce the number of candidate designs. Finally, detailed simulation using low-level simulators are performed to select an appropriate design. Our methodology is implemented by integrating two tools, DESERT and HiPerE, into the M model based Integrated simuLAtioN (MILAN) framework. DESERT uses Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams based symbolic search to rapidly explore a large design space and identifies candidate designs that meet the user specified performance constraints. HiPerE provides rapid estimation of system wide energy and latency based on component level simulations and also facilitates energy optimization. MILAN provides the required modeling support for these tools and also facilitates component specific multi-granular simulations through seamless integration of various simulators.
Anomalous Strain Rate Sensitivity of \( \{ 10\overline{1}2\} \)\( \langle 10\overline{1}\overline{1}\rangle \) Twinning in a Magnesium Alloy at High Temperature

Anomalous strain rate sensitivity of $$ \{ 10\overline{1} 2\} $$ $$ \langle 10\overline{1}\overline{1}\rangle $$ twinning was observed in a Mg-Al-Mn magnesium alloy during extrusion around 723 K (450 °C). The density of $$ \{ 10\overline{1}2\} $$ $$ \langle 10\overline{1}\overline{1}\rangle $$ twins decreases as the ram speed increases. At 10 mm min−1, relatively high density twins are activated, but much fewer twins were observed at 30 mm min−1; at 50 mm min−1, twins were hardly seen. The negative strain rate sensitivity was ascribed to the interaction of $$ \{ 10\overline{1}2\} $$ $$ \langle 10\overline{1}\overline{1}\rangle $$ twinning with defects.
Multiple myeloma: clusters, clues, and dioxins.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a B-cell neoplasm of unknown etiology. We searched for etiological clues by examining the literature on geographic clusters of MM. We searched the MEDLINE database from 1966 to 1996 for spatial occurrences of MM that were significantly greater than expected (spatial "clusters"). Eight clusters with verified diagnoses of MM were identified. All of the eight clusters occurred in locations that were proximate to a body of water. Six of these bodies of water are known to have been contaminated with dioxins. We hypothesize that the observed association between MM and proximity to bodies of water is caused by exposure to dioxins in individuals who consume local fish and seafood. This hypothesis is consistent with the significantly elevated risks for MM in groups with high consumption of dioxin-contaminated fish, e.g., Baltic Sea fishermen and Alaskan Indians, and among persons accidentally exposed to dioxins in Seveso, Italy. Dioxins are immunotoxic and inhibit the differentiation of B cells. Thus, dioxins are plausible myelomagens. A dioxin hypothesis could illuminate many epidemiological features of MM and may suggest new avenues for analytic research.
Guidance for determining the best disposition of large tracts of decommissioned land

Many government agencies and other organizations hold large tracts of surplus land. Some are investigating ways to lower expenses by selling the land or transferring management responsibility. There is no generally recognized process used to decide what land can be decommissioned and what future use would be best. This paper provides guidance for land‐use decisions in the form of a checklist. The checklist questions address both the socio‐economic resources and current land use in the region, and the ecological resources and suitability of the tract itself. The answers will clarify regional public needs and the economic and ecological values of the land.
Electromagnetic Coupling for Wire Twisting Pitch Optimization for SRS Applications

In the sensitive automotive applications like the safety restraint systems (SRS), twisted lines can be used to link the components of the system because of their property of reduction of the electromagnetic interference (EMI) coupling. Compared to the parallel lines, the twisted lines present the drawback to consume more copper in their manufacturing due to the greater length of their conductors. A parametric study based on the numerical modeling and the measurement of twisted lines is conducted in order to analyze the effect of the twisting pitch and of the untwisted part of these lines on the level of EMI coupling. This study will enable to optimize these two parameters in order to reduce the level of EMI coupling as well as the length of the conductors of the lines.
Effect of cigarette smoke extract on arteriolar dilatation in vivo

The goal of this study was to determine whether cigarette smoke extract alters dilatation of arterioles in vivo in response to agonists that produce activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and activation of adenylate cyclase. By using intravital microscopy, we measured diameter of arterioles contained within the microcirculation of the hamster cheek pouch during suffusion with agonists in the absence and presence of cigarette smoke extract (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0%). Before treatment with cigarette smoke extract, activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels with aprikalim and cromakalim produced dose-related dilatation of cheek pouch arterioles. Similarly, activation of adenylate cyclase with isoproterenol and forskolin produced dose-related dilatation of cheek pouch arterioles before treatment with cigarette smoke extract. Superfusion of 0.1% cigarette smoke extract did not change baseline diameter of arterioles and did not alter responses of cheek pouch arterioles to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and adenylate cyclase. Superfusion of 0.5 and 1.0% cigarette smoke extract also did not alter baseline diameter of arterioles but did impair dilatation of arterioles in response to activation of ATP-sensitive potassium channels and adenylate cyclase. These findings suggest that cigarette smoke extract impairs dilatation of resistance arterioles in response to activation of important cellular dilator pathways.
Consultation for asthma: results of a generalist survey

Background There are few studies that examine referral patterns for asthma and few studies that examine the referring physicians' reasons for consultation. Objective The purpose of this study was to survey generalist physicians on their referral patterns for adult patients with asthma. Methods We mailed a questionnaire to all the staff (faculty) in the Department of Family Medicine and the Division of Community Internal Medicine at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. There were 37 completed questionnaires (18 family medicine and 19 internal medicine) out of a total of 58 for a response rate of 64%. The survey asked what were reasons for consultation, whether allergists or pulmonologists were preferred, and the characteristics of a good consultation. Results We asked respondents to indicate "how often you consult a specialist for an adult asthma patient" for a variety of clinical indications. The percentage responding "always" (for the top five indications) were if the patient requests one (46%), for allergen immunotherapy (38%), for single life-threatening attack (27%), for allergy testing (14%), and for steroid-dependent asthma or poorly controlled asthma (11%). Twenty-seven percent of respondents generally consulted allergists only, 22% generally consulted pulmonologists only, 3% indicated both, while 46% had no preference. Respondents did express a preference for a pulmonologist when the reported reason for the consultation was diagnosis of asthma uncertain, chronic cough, asthma in smoker, exercise training, or for an allergist when the reported reason for consultation was allergy evaluation or immunotherapy. The respondents indicated that the top six characteristics of a good consultation were the following: clear recommendations, clinically appropriate recommendations, high patient satisfaction, including recommendations for future management scenarios, including educational content in the consultation, and calling the referring physician before requesting a secondary consultation. Conclusions These results suggest that while consultation occurs often for severe or uncontrolled asthma, some asthma patients who may benefit from consultation may not be seeing the specialist. There were no systematic preferences for consultations with allergists versus pulmonologists for asthma although for some clinical indications pulmonologists or allergists were favored. Referring physicians value clear, clinically appropriate recommendations.
A VLSI grammar processing subsystem for a real time large vocabulary continuous speech recognition system

The architecture and implementation of a grammar processing subsystem for a large vocabulary, real-time, continuous speech recognition system are summarized. This subsystem contains two custom VLSI chips which perform the evaluation of starting word probabilities associated with the across-word transitions in the hidden-Markov-model-based speech recognition system. This system has a maximum computation rate of 200 MOPS and an I/O bandwidth of 265 Mbyte/s. The recognized sentence is the sentence with the highest combined acoustic and language model probabilities. >
Kinematic, Muscular, and Metabolic Responses During Exoskeletal-, Elliptical-, or Therapist-Assisted Stepping in People With Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury

Background Robotic-assisted locomotor training has demonstrated some efficacy in individuals with neurological injury and is slowly gaining clinical acceptance. Both exoskeletal devices, which control individual joint movements, and elliptical devices, which control endpoint trajectories, have been utilized with specific patient populations and are available commercially. No studies have directly compared training efficacy or patient performance during stepping between devices. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate kinematic, electromyographic (EMG), and metabolic responses during elliptical- and exoskeletal-assisted stepping in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) compared with therapist-assisted stepping. Design A prospective, cross-sectional, repeated-measures design was used. Methods Participants with incomplete SCI (n=11) performed 3 separate bouts of exoskeletal-, elliptical-, or therapist-assisted stepping. Unilateral hip and knee sagittal-plane kinematics, lower-limb EMG recordings, and oxygen consumption were compared across stepping conditions and with control participants (n=10) during treadmill stepping. Results Exoskeletal stepping kinematics closely approximated normal gait patterns, whereas significantly greater hip and knee flexion postures were observed during elliptical-assisted stepping. Measures of kinematic variability indicated consistent patterns in control participants and during exoskeletal-assisted stepping, whereas therapist- and elliptical-assisted stepping kinematics were more variable. Despite specific differences, EMG patterns generally were similar across stepping conditions in the participants with SCI. In contrast, oxygen consumption was consistently greater during therapist-assisted stepping. Limitations Limitations included a small sample size, lack of ability to evaluate kinetics during stepping, unilateral EMG recordings, and sagittal-plane kinematics. Conclusions Despite specific differences in kinematics and EMG activity, metabolic activity was similar during stepping in each robotic device. Understanding potential differences and similarities in stepping performance with robotic assistance may be important in delivery of repeated locomotor training using robotic or therapist assistance and for consumers of robotic devices.
Demographic Analysis of Delayed Mating in Mating Disruption: - a Case Study with Cryptophelbia illepida (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

Laboratory-derived life tables were used to determine the effect of delaying mating of adult female koa seedworm, Cryptophlebia illepida (Butler) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), 4 and 6 d on population growth rates. Leslie matrices were developed from the life tables and used to project the effects for approximately four generations. Delay of mating caused a decrease in population growth rate and also resulted in asynchronous population cycling between control (1-d delay) and the delayed treatments. By the fourth generation, the control population began to increase 10 and 14 d before the 4- and 6-d delay treatments, respectively. Increasing the mortality of females during the first 7 d of adult life resulted in a greater reduction of the populations where mating was delayed than in the control populations. This result suggests that even at relatively low levels of natural enemy mortality, there is a synergistic effect when mating is delayed. The implications of these effects on mating disruption management programs are discussed.
Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Results in Health Science Mixed Methods Research Through Joint Displays.

PURPOSE Mixed methods research is becoming an important methodology to investigate complex health-related topics, yet the meaningful integration of qualitative and quantitative data remains elusive and needs further development. A promising innovation to facilitate integration is the use of visual joint displays that bring data together visually to draw out new insights. The purpose of this study was to identify exemplar joint displays by analyzing the various types of joint displays being used in published articles. METHODS We searched for empirical articles that included joint displays in 3 journals that publish state-of-the-art mixed methods research. We analyzed each of 19 identified joint displays to extract the type of display, mixed methods design, purpose, rationale, qualitative and quantitative data sources, integration approaches, and analytic strategies. Our analysis focused on what each display communicated and its representation of mixed methods analysis. RESULTS The most prevalent types of joint displays were statistics-by-themes and side-by-side comparisons. Innovative joint displays connected findings to theoretical frameworks or recommendations. Researchers used joint displays for convergent, explanatory sequential, exploratory sequential, and intervention designs. We identified exemplars for each of these designs by analyzing the inferences gained through using the joint display. Exemplars represented mixed methods integration, presented integrated results, and yielded new insights. CONCLUSIONS Joint displays appear to provide a structure to discuss the integrated analysis and assist both researchers and readers in understanding how mixed methods provides new insights. We encourage researchers to use joint displays to integrate and represent mixed methods analysis and discuss their value.
From Geometry to Algebra in Physics, with Heisenberg

This chapter considers the new relationships between physics and mathematics that emerge with Heisenberg’s discovery of matrix mechanics and its development in the work of Born, Jordan, and Heisenberg himself, and in Dirac’s version of the formalism. Taking as its point of departure Einstein’s view of “the Heisenberg method” as “a purely algebraic method of description of nature,” Section 4.1 examines the shift from geometry to algebra in quantum mechanics as a reversal of the philosophy that governed classical mechanics by grounding it mathematically in the geometrical description of the behavior of physical objects in space and time. Heisenberg’s matrix mechanics abandons any attempts to develop this type of description and instead offers essentially algebraic machinery for predicting the outcomes of experiments observed in measuring instruments. By the same token, a new nonrepresentational type of relationship between mathematics and physics is established, compelling Bohr to speak, in the wake of Heisenberg’s discovery, of “a new era of mutual stimulation of mechanics and mathematics.” Section 4.2 addresses these relationships and their implications.
The Law and Genetics of Racial Profiling in Medicine

Modern medicine routinely employs race. This phenomenon, and the underlying rationale that salient biological differences exists between races, has been almost completely ignored by the law journals, although race in other contexts obsesses them. This is a serious omission since medicine's growing acceptance of using race in both research and treatment is at least as objectionable as other "racial profiling." Further, stressing genetic racial differences triggers associations with the eugenics movement and repeated "scientific" efforts of the last century to prove the intellectual inferiority of African-Americans. From a genetic perspective, there is no such thing as race; instead race is socially constructed. But, when viewing race as an indicator of the geographic origin of one's ancestors, race can, in some limited circumstances, be characterized by differences in genetic frequencies that may have an impact on disease or its treatment, particularly when also linked to environmental or behavioral influences. Any such differences among population groups are nevertheless generally not very important from a medical perspective, although it might be sometimes appropriate to use race as a proxy for genetic (as well as environmental and behavioral) differences. The law nonetheless currently broadly proscribes the use of race, and the use of race in medicine is deeply problematic from a normative perspective because it may validate racism by confirming the salience of genetic differences. Accordingly, use of race should be severely circumscribed. It should be permissible where race-focused studies and race-based outreach are concerned, but race-based screening, as we define that term, and racial exclusion in clinical trials should not be permitted. Racial differences in treatment (including diagnostic screening) should be permissible only in the quite rare circumstances where there is a bona fide treatment rationale. Under this test, the key requirement would be a scientific basis for believing not that race was helpful in diagnosis and treatment but rather that race was the best available method at the time.
A Review of NDE Methods for Detecting and Monitoring of Atmospheric SCC in Dry Cask Storage Canisters for Used Nuclear Fuel

Dry cask storage systems (DCSSs) for used nuclear fuel (UNF) were originally envisioned for storage periods of short duration (~ a few decades). However, uncertainty challenges the opening of a permanent repository for UNF implying that UNF will need to remain in dry storage for much longer durations than originally envisioned (possibly for centuries). Thus, aging degradation of DCSSs becomes an issue that may not have been sufficiently considered in the design phase and that can challenge the efficacy of very long-term storage of UNF. A particular aging degradation concern is atmospheric stress corrosion cracking (SCC) of DCSSs located in marine environments. In this report, several nondestructive (NDE) methods are evaluated with respect to their potential for effective monitoring of atmospheric SCC in welded canisters of DCSSs. Several of the methods are selected for evaluation based on their usage for in-service inspection applications in the nuclear power industry. The technologies considered include bulk ultrasonic techniques, acoustic emission, visual techniques, eddy current, and guided ultrasonic waves.
Studies in the Lower Chytridiales. II. Endo-Operculation and Sexuality in the Genus Diplophlyctis

It is almost inevitahle that in any extensive investigation (Haskins and Weston, 1950) of a group of organisms as diverse and as little known as are the lower Chytridiales, new and interesting things will be encountered. This was especially true in studies made on the Diplophlyctis-Nephrochytrium group of chytrids. On the basis of operculation, Sparrow (1943) has rather widely separated the inoperculate genus Diplophlyctis from the operculate genus Nephrochytrimn. These twro genera are alike in many ways, and hence confusion has arisen with the description of chytrids similar in more respects to Diplophlyctis than to Nephrochytrium, yet assigned to the latter genus because of the pres? ence of "endo-opercula" (Karling, 1944). Investigations described in the present series of studies have revealed that there exist forms that may be either inoperculate or "endo-operculate." Haskins (1939) mentioned a species of Diplophlyctis which was considerably coarser and larger than Diplophlyctis intestina (Schenk) Schroeter. This new species followed closely much of Karling's (1928, 1930, 1936) developmental description for D.
Relationship of task success to satisfaction: further replication.

Six previous studies (1, 2 ) yielded a positive, linear relationship between the number of successes achieved on a task and ratings of satisfaction with the task. This paper reports a further replication in which Ss were asked to rate their personal satisfaction rather than their satisfaction with the task. The present task was word-unscrambling used earlier ( 1 ) . Ss were 25 male and 21 female paid student volunteers recruited from various Washington, D. C. area colleges during summer session. Each S worked on 3 blocks of 10 scrambled words each; one block contained 5-letter words; a second block 7-letter words, and a third block 9-letter words. Ss worked the words in each block one at a time for 1 min. each; the order of blocks was counterbalanced across Ss. At the end of each block, Ss indicated the amount of "personal satisfaction" gained from working on the words in that block on a bi-polar, graphic scale anchored by the statements "a great deal of dissatisfaction" and "a great deal of satisfaction."
Decreasing Substance use Risk among African American Youth: Parent-based Mechanisms of Change

African American couples (N = 139; 67.7 % married; with children between the ages of 9 and 14) were randomly assigned to (a) a culturally sensitive, couple- and parenting-focused program designed to prevent stress-spillover (n = 70) or (b) an information-only control condition in which couples received self-help materials (n = 69). Eight months after baseline, youth whose parents participated in the program, compared with control youth, reported increased parental monitoring, positive racial socialization, and positive self-concept, as well as decreased conduct problems and self-reported substance use. Changes in youth-reported parenting behavior partially mediated the effect of the intervention on conduct problems and fully mediated its impact on positive self-concept, but did not mediate effects on lifetime substance use initiation. Results suggest the potential for a culturally sensitive family-based intervention targeting adults’ couple and parenting processes to enhance multiple parenting behaviors as well as decrease youths’ substance use onset and vulnerability.
Mathematical beauty in Rome: A study-abroad program for STEM students

Mathematical Beauty in Rome is a five-week summer study-abroad program at UCSD designed specifically for college undergraduates in STEM majors; it has been offered since 2008. Its subject matter is the architectural geometry and structural engineering of great monuments in Rome. The program is comprised of two courses, one that takes place in the classroom and the other that takes place at various sites, using Rome as a living laboratory. Some of the major sites that are studied include the Colosseum, the Pantheon, St. Peter's dome, and the Aqua Claudia Aqueduct. There is a one-week excursion to Florence to study Brunelleschi's dome and to Pisa to study the Leaning Tower. Works of art such as Raphael's School of Athens are also studied for their use of mathematical perspective. The paper presents the motivations and goals of the program, pedagogical methods based on experiential learning, an example of course content on the Colosseum's ground plan geometry, cultural aspects, and assessments.
Mechanistic studies of the toxicity of zinc gluconate in the olfactory neuronal cell line Odora

Zinc is both an essential and potentially toxic metal. It is widely believed that oral zinc supplementation can reduce the effects of the common cold; however, there is strong clinical evidence that intranasal (IN) zinc gluconate (ZG) gel treatment for this purpose causes anosmia, or the loss of the sense of smell, in humans. Using the rat olfactory neuron cell line, Odora, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which zinc exposure exerts its toxic effects on olfactory neurons. Following treatment of Odora cells with 100 and 200μM ZG for 0-24h, RNA-seq and in silico analyses revealed up-regulation of pathways associated with zinc metal response, oxidative stress, and ATP production. We observed that Odora cells recovered from zinc-induced oxidative stress, but ATP depletion persisted with longer exposure to ZG. ZG exposure increased levels of NLRP3 and IL-1β protein levels in a time-dependent manner, suggesting that zinc exposure may cause an inflammasome-mediated cell death, pyroptosis, in olfactory neurons.
Investigation of Hepatitis B Virus Infection And Immune Status In Penglai's Rural Areas

Objective To investigate the status of hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection and carrying rate of hepatitis B antigen in rural areas;to evaluate both the management of childrens' immune about hepatitis B vaccine in 1992 and childrens' immune programming effect in 2002.Menthods Using a multi-stage random sampling methods,to investigate hepatitis B epidemiology and Hepatitis B vaccine rate in 629 rural residents aged from 1 to 59 years old, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was taken to detect HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc etc.Results In total 629 respondents,HBV infection rate was 22.26%,positive rate of HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc respectively was 2.70%,62.32%,and 18.44%.In 1～59 years old crowd,the positive rate of HBsAg during people who Vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine was 0.84%,was obviously lower than those without the hepatitis B vaccine immune,the difference was statistically significant(P0.005);the anti-HBs positive rate was 81.74%,obviously was higher than those who without,the difference was statistically significant(P0.005);positive rate of female with the anti- Hbc was significantly higher than the male(P0.05).People who was bom before 1992,their HBsAg positive rate was 4.34%,which was obviously higher than the people who was bom between hepatitis B vaccine immune management period (1991-2001) and after the period(after 2002),the difference was statistically significant(P0.05).People who was bom before 1992,their anti-HBs positive rate was 42.11%,which was obviously lower than the people who was bom between hepatitis B vaccine immune management period(1991-2001) and after the period(after 2002),the difference was statistically significant(P0.005).Conclusion With the help of hepatitis B vaccine since 1992,both the Hepatitis B virus carrying status and the effect of protection rate of Hepatitis B surface antibody were improved.Suggestion From now on,we shoud strive to spread the experiences of people with hepatitis B vaccine immune plan to the people without,and strengthen the adult hepatitis B vaccine inoculation efforts.
The analysis of relationship between creatine kinase,troponin I and the prognosis in critically ill children with sepsis

Objective To investigate the incidence of myocardial injury in the critically ill septic childern,and the relationship between elevations of serum troponin Ⅰ (cTnⅠ),creatine kinase (CK-MB) and the prognosis outcomes,including the incidence of myocardial injury,mortality,acute physiology and chronic health Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score. To evaluate the significance of elevations of cTnⅠ,CK-MB and APACHE Ⅱ in critically ill children with sepsis.Methods Children with severe sepsis hospitalized in ICU of Hunan Provincial Children's Hospital from August 2009 to May 2010 were retrospectively collected as sepsis group and chidren without sepsis were chosen as control group. The levels of troponin Ⅰ,creatine kinase and APACHE Ⅱ score,myocardial injury,mortality and quality of life were measured. The levels of troponin Ⅰ,creatine kinase concentration and the duration were compared.Results Totally 656 children were enrolled into the study,including 459 in sepsis group(352 boys and 107 girls) and 197 in non-sepsis group(151 boys and 46 girls). Two hundred and five (44.7%) of the 459 critically ill children with sepsis showed elevated levels of cTnⅠ or/and CK-MB.The levels of cTnⅠ,CK-MB and APACHE Ⅱ score were positively correllated. Serum CK-MB,cTnⅠ and APACHE Ⅱ scores were independent risk factors for predicting mortality of septic patients.The levels of CK-MB and cTnⅠ in death group were significantly higher than in survival group. The levels of CK-MB and cTnⅠ in high APACHE Ⅱscores(≥25) group were significantly higher than in low APACHE Ⅱ scores(25)group.The patients with high APACHE Ⅱ scores and high serum CK-MB,cTnⅠ levels had shorter survival time. Conclusions The incidence of myocardial injury defined by elevated levels of cTnⅠ and CK-MB is unexpectedly high and is associated with mortality. Continuous monitoring of serum cTnⅠ,CK-MB concentration and APACHE Ⅱ score of children with sepsis,not only help to assess the condition of children,but also predict the prognosis of them.
Detecting Node Failures in Mobile Wireless Networks: A Probabilistic Approach

Detecting node failures in mobile wireless networks is very challenging because the network topology can be highly dynamic, the network may not be always connected, and the resources are limited. In this paper, we take a probabilistic approach and propose two node failure detection schemes that systematically combine localized monitoring, location estimation and node collaboration. Extensive simulation results in both connected and disconnected networks demonstrate that our schemes achieve high failure detection rates (close to an upper bound) and low false positive rates, and incur low communication overhead. Compared to approaches that use centralized monitoring, our approach has up to 80 percent lower communication overhead, and only slightly lower detection rates and slightly higher false positive rates. In addition, our approach has the advantage that it is applicable to both connected and disconnected networks while centralized monitoring is only applicable to connected networks. Compared to other approaches that use localized monitoring, our approach has similar failure detection rates, up to 57 percent lower communication overhead and much lower false positive rates (e.g., 0.01 versus 0.27 in some settings).
The use of fluorescent conjugates to study the site of action of antimicrobial cationic proteins on staphylococci.

Fluorescent conjugates of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and calf thymus histone (CTH) were prepared with lissamine rhodamine B. Staphylococci incubated with these conjugated proteins were fractionated and the fluorescence measured in the cell wall plus membrane fraction. The BSA conjugate was not bound by the walls and membranes but the CTH conjugate produced a considerable increase in the fluorescence of this fraction. Incubation of staphylococcal protoplasts with the CTH conjugate increased the fluorescence of the membrane fraction 9-fold, and with the BSA conjugate this fluorescence increased 2-fold. Conjugated albumin did not pass into the protoplasm of whole staphylococci whereas the CTH conjugate entered the protoplasm and produced a 6-fold increase in fluorescence.
Orchiectomy in Advanced Germ Cell Cancer Following Intensive Chemotherapy: A Comparison of Systemic to Testicular Response

AbstractA total of 16 patients with advanced germ cell cancer underwent initial chemotherapy that was followed by a delayed orchiectomy for an unrecognized primary in 3 and for life-threatening distant metastatic cancer in 13. Of these patients 13 had a complete and 3 had a partial remission at the time of the delayed orchiectomy. Of the former 13 patients 3 (23 per cent) had persistent viable tumor in the testis. To date all 3 patients have remained free of disease for more than 12, 20 and 30 months, respectively, without further therapy. One early relapse (1 month) was found in the remaining 10 patients with a complete remission and without viable disease in the testis. Of the 3 patients with a partial remission 1 had residual tumor in the testis and disease progressed despite further therapy. There was no evidence of tumor in the testis in the other 2 patients. These data document the presence of a differential response of germ cell tumors in the primary and metastatic sites. Post-chemotherapy orchiect...
Abstract 3179: Germline deletion of FH in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC)

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC) is a familial cancer syndrome characterized by germline mutations in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene that encodes the enzyme responsible for conversion of fumarate to malate in the Kreb9s Cycle. HLRCC is associated with the development of cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas, and a highly aggressive form of type 2 papillary kidney cancer. HLRCC renal tumors can be extremely aggressive with patients demonstrating locally advanced or disseminated disease even when associated with small tumors 1-2 cm in size. Therefore, accurate identification of the “at risk” individuals is very important. In our experience, FH point mutations are identified in 90% of individuals that are clinically diagnosed with HLRCC, while in the remainder, FH may be inactivated by deletion or other causes. Several studies have reported complete deletions of the FH gene and a few have estimated the extent of these deletions and identified the additional genes that would be lost in conjunction with FH. Interestingly, families with complete FH deletion have demonstrated cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas but no families have yet been reported with evidence of kidney cancer. A single family has been identified that demonstrates a partial deletion resulting in the loss of exon 1, and in this case kidney cancer has identified within the family. In this study, patients with suspected HLRCC hereditary kidney cancer but no germline point mutation were enrolled on an NCI-IRB approved protocol and an Agilent custom high-definition comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array was used to identify FH gene deletions. The assay identified complete germline deletion of a single copy of FH within seven suspected HLRCC patients deletion ranging from 249kb to 4.74Mb that in all cases resulted in a minimum addition loss of the KMO, OPN3, CHML, and WDR6 genes. All results were confirmed by CLIA approved tests and a further five new patients were identified by direct CLIA testing, including a novel partial deletion. In contrast to previous reports, seven out of twelve (58.3%) patients/families in our cohort demonstrated a personal or family history of HLRCC associated Type 2 papillary kidney cancer. In conclusion, complete or partial deletion of the FH gene is an infrequent but important cause of HLRCC and has no protective effect on the incidence of HLRCC associated type 2 papillary kidney cancer. Citation Format: Cathy D. Vocke, Christopher J. Ricketts, Lindsay A. Middelton, Youfeng Yang, W. Marston Linehan. Germline deletion of FH in hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3179.
“Active Citizenship Is an Awesome Party!” Creating In-Between Spaces for the School-Community-University Partnership

ABSTRACTAn arts-based afterschool program is introduced in advancing children's democratic citizenship and a sense of community.
Sufficient dimension reduction constrained through sub-populations

Most methodologies for sufficient dimension reduction (SDR) in regression are limited to continuous predictors, although many data sets do contain both continuous and categorical variables. Application of these methods to regressions that include qualitative predictors such as gender or species may be inappropriate. Regressions that include a set of qualitative predictors W in addition to a vector X of many-valued predictors and a response Y are considered. Using principal fitted components (PFC) models, a likelihood-based SDR method, a sufficient dimension reduction of X that is constrained through the sub-populations established by W is sought. An estimator of the sufficient reduction subspace is provided and its use is demonstrated through applications.
Treatment of Renal Angiomyolipoma and Other Hamartomas in Patients with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Tuberous sclerosis complex is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by growth of benign tumors (hamartomas) in multiple organs, especially the kidneys, brain, heart, lungs, and skin. Tuberous sclerosis complex is usually caused by a mutation in either the tuberous sclerosis complex 1 or tuberous sclerosis complex 2 gene, resulting in constitutive activation of mammalian target of rapamycin signaling. Currently, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors are recommended in adult patients with tuberous sclerosis complex for the treatment of asymptomatic, growing renal angiomyolipoma that are >3 cm in diameter and pediatric or adult patients with brain lesions (subependymal giant cell astrocytoma) that either are growing or are not amenable to surgical resection. Clinical evidence suggests that systemic administration of a mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor may provide concurrent improvements in multiple lesions and symptoms of tuberous sclerosis complex. With the major paradigm shift in consensus guidelines toward screening at diagnosis and ongoing monitoring and with the recent availability of an effective oral treatment, it is important that nephrologists have a thorough understanding of our role in the management of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Because the various manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex typically emerge at different periods during patients’ lifetimes, patients will need to be followed throughout their lives. Unlike brain and cardiac lesions, renal lesions are more likely to emerge as patients age and can grow at any time. Considerations regarding long-term medication administration for the potential control of multiple tuberous sclerosis complex manifestations will need to be addressed; these include the most appropriate starting dose, appropriate doses for tumor shrinkage versus prevention of regrowth, and management of adverse events. Best practices and potential obstacles for nephrologists treating patients with tuberous sclerosis complex who have multiple manifestations are considered.
Reflections from USDA Forest Service employees on institutional constraints to engaging and serving their local communities

Although community relationship building has been recognized since the early 1980s as integral to forest management, it has not been widely supported or adopted. Today, relationship building depends largely on the innovation and commitment of forest supervisors and staff. The institutional environment and its culture play an important role in building capacity for relationship building with communities at each unit, as well as supporting employees? attempts to serve local communities. The research presented takes an in-depth look at the institutional constraints to engaging and serving local communities from the perspectives of 20 USDA Forest Service personnel from three units. Research findings reveal agency, unit, and employee level constraints including, diminished resources, increased departmentalism, staff turnover, and long-distance commuting. We recommend that the Forest Service provides opportunities for successful relationship building efforts and assesses innovative techniques in a Community Partnerships Demonstration Project.
Giant PbSe/CdSe/CdSe Quantum Dots: Crystal-Structure-Defined Ultrastable Near-Infrared Photoluminescence from Single Nanocrystals

Toward a truly photostable PbSe quantum dot (QD), we apply the thick-shell or “giant” QD structural motif to this notoriously environmentally sensitive nanocrystal system. Namely, using a sequential application of two shell-growth techniques—partial-cation exchange and successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR)—we are able to overcoat the PbSe QDs with sufficiently thick CdSe shells to impart new single-QD-level photostability, as evidenced by suppression of both photobleaching and blinking behavior. We further reveal that the crystal structure of the CdSe shell (cubic zinc-blende or hexagonal wurtzite) plays a key role in determining the photoluminescence properties of these giant QDs, with only cubic nanocrystals sufficiently bright and stable to be observed as single emitters. Moreover, we demonstrate that crystal structure and particle shape (cubic, spherical, or tetrapodal) and, thereby, emission properties can be synthetically tuned by either withholding or including the coordinating lig...
Positive Teacher Influence Strategies to Improve Secondary Instrumental Students' Motivation and Perceptions of Self.

Asmus’s model of achievement motivation in music established a framework for the study of motivation in music education. Student perceptions of self were included in the model as a dynamic factor i...
Envisioning Career Opportunities in the Fashion Business World

Unlike liberal art majors, seventy-five percent of students majoring in career-oriented fields expect to go to work directly after getting their bachelor's degree (Koc, 2010). Fashion business and management programs emphasize students' preparation for fashion careers and foster students to pursue their fashion business careers upon graduation in the business world. However, there has been little understanding of the specific job-related knowledge, competencies, and skills required for entry-level fashion business professionals in the filed clothing and textile. The purpose of this research is examine the nature of fashion business positions pertaining to buying and merchandising in terms of required qualifications, job-related knowledge, competencies, and skills. The results of this research provide educators in the fashion business and management programs with practical suggestions to facilitate a more industry-aligned curricular development.
Spontaneous Intrauterine Depressed Skull Fractures: Report of 2 Cases Requiring Neurosurgical Intervention and Literature Review.

Background Spontaneous intrauterine depressed skull fractures (IDSFs) are rare fractures that often require neurosurgical evaluation and therapy. Most of the reported congenital depressions are secondary to maternal abdominal trauma or instrumentation during delivery. Spontaneous IDSFs occur in the setting of uneventful normal spontaneous vaginal delivery or cesarean section, without obvious predisposing risk factors. The etiology and optimal management of spontaneous IDSFs remain controversial. Case Description We describe 2 cases of spontaneous IDSF who underwent cranioplasty at our institution using an absorbable mesh, as well as review the current state of knowledge regarding the diagnosis and management of spontaneous IDSF. The 2 neonates, 1 male and 1 female, presented at Lucile Packard Children's Hospital with spontaneous IDSF after uneventful normal spontaneous vaginal deliveries. The fractures were located in the left frontal and right parietotemporal calvarium, respectively. Both patients underwent open craniotomy and elevation of their IDSFs with mesh cranioplasty. At last follow-up, both patients were normocephalic and neurologically intact. Conclusions Neurosurgery consultation is necessary for initial evaluation of spontaneous IDSF. Surgical intervention is indicated for larger defects and/or intracranial involvement. Expectant management and negative-pressure elevation have also been shown to be effective.
Networked cournot competition in platform markets

Unlike traditional firms, platforms do not manufacture products. Instead, they arrange matches between firms and consumers, facilitating a safe and simple trading process, providing value for all parties involved. Among the many design considerations for platforms is the trade-off between transparency and search costs. In this talk, we discuss the impact of transparency and search on the economic efficiency of platforms.