cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Secondary smoking prevention in a university setting: a randomized comparison of an experiential, theory-based intervention and a standard didactic intervention for increasing cessation motivation.

Objective: College may represent an untapped opportunity to reach the growing number of student smokers who are at risk of progressing toward regular smoking. The aim of this study was to test the efficacy of a theory-based experiential intervention for increasing motivation to quit smoking and reducing smoking behavior. Design: This study used a 3-arm, randomized design to examine the efficacy of an experiential secondary prevention intervention. The control groups included a traditional didactic smoking intervention and an experiential intervention on nutrition. Main Outcome Measures: The 2 primary dependent variables were change in self-reported intention to quit smoking, measured pre- and postintervention, and change in smoking behavior over the month following the intervention. Results: As hypothesized, the experiential smoking intervention was more effective than either control group in increasing immediate motivation to quit, but the effect was found only among female participants. At 1-month follow-up, both smoking interventions produced higher rates of smoking cessation and reduction than did the nutrition control condition. Conclusion: Findings support the potential efficacy of an intensive experiential intervention for female smokers.
Inflation in Latin America

IN THE FEBRUARY 1950 issue of Staff Papers, a technique for analyzing quantitatively the forces creating an inflation was described, and applied to data for Western Europe in the decade 1938-48.1 The application of this technique is extended in the present paper to data for 11 Latin American countries for the years 1938-49. Since the terms used and the procedures followed are given in detail in the earlier paper, they are not repeated here; for convenience, however, they are summarized below in an Appendix. Two points should be emphasized. First, the comparatively inadequate statistics available for many of the Latin American countries make it impossible to use refined methods of econometric analysis and compel recourse to rather crude approximations. Second, a survey of a whole continent necessarily gives a false impression of symmetry in the developments in various countries, which actually differed widely between themselves. For both these reasons, this study can give no more than a very rough over-all view of the problem. In the previous paper, it was suggested that there were three main sources of error in the assumptions underlying the technique.2 For Latin America all three of these disturbing factors have considerable significance: (a) The base year (usually 1938) was chosen more for statistical considerations than because it had any particular suitability as an equilibrium year. In fact, 1938 was generally slightly deflationary, although 1939 (and, still more, the later years necessarily substituted for some countries) was generally marked by the mild inflation which has been characteristic of fairly normal years in Latin America. So, too, the influence of political conditions has often been considerable, usually in the direction of increasing government activity, leading to a decline in the proportion of the national income available for consumers at their free choice. In some countries this factor affected the base
Evidence-based therapy: an orthodontic dilemma.

e The advent of evidence-based therapy has created a dilemma in orthodontics because the evidence is apparently often ignored in practice. For example, it is well established that increases in the mandibular intercanine dimension are not stable. The conclusion derived from a meta-analy of 26 studies involving 1233 patients was that the postretention intercanine dimension approximates the initial width. The unambiguous advisory was that the intercanine dimension should not be increased substantially during treatment. Additionally, the decrease that follows an expansion in intercanine dimension was associated with an increase in incisor irregularity in some analyses. 2-5
Students' attitudes towards use of COMPUSTAT in teaching an introductory course in business finance.

Sunzmuy.-This paper describes the use of the COMPUSTAT database in teaching an introductory course in business finance at a large College of Business Administration. To understand students' attitudes towards this innovative method of instruction in business finance, a simple one-page questionnaire of 10 attitudinal statenlents was used. Responses of 148 students, analyzed by chi square, indicated students were unanimous in their opinion that the World Wide Web greatly paved the way in data retrieval from the COMPUSTAT database. They further reported that this interface facilitated analvses for the course. Also their understanding of finance was enhanced. and they were motivated to learn more. They seem to be highly in favor of using COMPUSTAT database in the introductory courses in business finance and expressed this view by suggesting that this financial database should be madc an integral part of teaching other courses in finance.
Adenosine stress CMR with spiral pulse sequences accurately detect CAD

Summary We demonstrate that adenosine stress CMR using variable density spiral perfusion pulse sequences accurately detects obstructive coronary artery disease. These pulse sequences produce high quality perfusion images with minimal artifacts resulting in high diagnostic accuracy. Background Adenosine stress perfusion imaging with CMR has been limited by motion-induced dark-rim artifacts, which may be mistaken for true perfusion abnormalities. We have previously demonstrated that spiral pulse sequences can produce high quality first-pass perfusion images.[1] We have further improved this spiral technique using high-resolution variable density spiral trajectories and a novel density compensation function which reduces Gibbs ringing.[2] We aimed to test the clinical performance of this improved spiral perfusion pulse sequences with adenosine stress for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods CMR perfusion imaging was performed during adenosine stress (140µg/kg-min) and at rest on a Siemens 1.5T Avanto scanner in 23 subjects scheduled to undergo cardiac catheterization for evaluation of chest pain. Subjects with prior coronary artery bypass surgery were excluded. Perfusion images were acquired during injection of 0.1mmol/kg Gd-DTPA at 3 short-axis locations using a saturation recovery (SR) interleaved variable-density spiral pulse sequence with an integrated field-map for off-resonance correction during reconstruction. Sequence parameters included: SR time 80 ms, FOV 320-340mm 2 ,n ominal resolution 2.0 mm 2 ,8 spiral interleaves, FA 30 0 , TR/TE 10ms/1ms. Cine and late gadolinium enhanced (LGE) images were also obtained using standard methodology. All subjects underwent cardiac catheterization following the CMR and significant stenosis was defined as >50%. Two blinded reviewers evaluated the spiral perfusion images for the presence of adenosine-induced perfusion abnormalities. Image quality was graded on a 5 point scale (1 - poor to 5- excellent). Results Figure 1 shows stress and rest spiral perfusion images from a subject who had normal cardiac function and no LGE on his CMR study. These high quality images show a reversible perfusion abnormality in the anterior wall and anteroseptum. This patient had a 90% stenosis in his LAD at cardiac catheterization. Overall the prevalence of obstructive CAD was 65% and LGE was present in 35% of the patients. The average image quality score was 4.2±0.8 with no studies showing more than minimal dark rim artifact. The average sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the two readers were 87%, 94%, and 89% respectively. There was very good inter-reader reliability with a kappa statistic of 0.73. Conclusions Spiral adenosine stress CMR results in high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of obstructive coronary artery disease with excellent image quality. Funding
Decreased digoxin cardioinactive‐reduced metabolites after administration as an encapsulated liquid concentrate

The generation by intestinal bacteria of large amounts of cardioinactive metabolites of digoxin with a reduced lactone ring (digoxin reduction products, or DRP) may be associated with increased dosage requirements. Since DRP excretion varies inversely with bioavailability, we compared the 6-day urinary excretion (CUE) of digoxin and DRP after 0.4-mg doses of an encapsulated liquid concentrate and a standard tablet in 22 normal subjects known to form substantial amounts of DRP. Mean (±SE) CUE of digoxin was greater with the capsules than the tablets (195.9 ± 8.6 and 137.5 ± 6.3 μg). CUE of DRP was less after the capsules (60.8 ± 5.5 and 102.7 ± 9.5 μg). Percent DRP was greater after the tablets in every subject (mean for tablets, 41.2 ±2.7%; capsules, 23.5 ± 1.8%). Patterns of DRP excretion differed with the two preparations, probably reflecting differences in the routes whereby digoxin reached the colon. The use of highly bioavailable capsules in subjects with heavy DRP production should minimize metabolic inactivation during digoxin therapy. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1983) 34, 738–743; doi:10.1038/clpt.1983.243
System Identification of Contact Dynamics for a Piezoelectric Microactuator

A parameterized model for the impact dynamics of a piezoelectric microactuator is proposed, and a system identification procedure for quantifying model parameters presented. The proposed model incorporates squeeze-film damping, adhesion, and coefficient-of-restitution effects. Following parameter quantification from sample data of bouncing impacts and progressive ramped-square-wave inputs, the model is found to be effective at predicting the time response of the actuator to a range of square wave and sinusoidal input. Presence, absence, and quantity of bounces upon impact is successfully predicted, while error in oscillation amplitudes and contact durations range from 1–25% over many test cases of periodic inputs between 5 and 100 Hz.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Pathways for mRNA localization in the cytoplasm

Studies of the intracellular localization of mRNA have clearly demonstrated that certain subsets of mRNA are concentrated in discrete locations within the cytoplasm. Localization is one aspect of the post-transcriptional control of gene expression, and is intertwined with the translation and turnover of mRNA to achieve the goal of local protein production. Different mechanisms have been identified that enable localized mRNAs to target different subcellular compartments, and recent advances in understanding these pathways is reviewed here.
Characterization of Waste Tar Associated with Abandoned Wood Chemical Plant Sites in Northwest Pennsylvania, USA

Over 70 wood chemical plants operated in northern Pennsylvania between ca. 1890 and 1950, all located within 72 km of the New York state border. Their original purpose was to salvage the small unwanted hardwood trees left behind by the lumber mills, and to make charcoal, calcium acetate and methanol for a number of industrial uses via destructive distillation. At many old wood chemical plant sites, unknown quantities of wood tar remain as a residual contaminant and pose a pollution threat to aquatic life in nearby streams. Research on the composition and properties of residual wood tars from five abandoned industrial sites in Pennsylvania are described. Weathered wood tars were more viscous and contained fewer volatile and semivolatile organic compounds than did soil-buried tars. Phenol, 2-methylphenol (o-cresol), 4-methylphenol (p-cresol), and 2, 4-dimethylphenol were found in all sampled tars. These water-soluble phenolic compounds were released quasi-instantaneously in aqueous solution, followed by a slower rate of release, consistent with the behavior of similar compounds in other dense non-aqueous liquids. Air-exposed wood tar deposits developed a hard crust, which contained fewer volatiles and semivolatiles and had a higher softening point than other samples. These tars eroded to form a powdered soil colonized by lichens and mosses. Residual wood tar material found at one site was shown to be thermally altered, likely during the historical destruction of the chemical plant by fire. Recovered wood tar wastes have a relatively high heating value and may have use as a potential, but limited, alternate energy source.
Excited levels of 134Ba from the decay of 134La

Abstract Energy levels of 134 Ba populated in the decay of 134 La have been studied with a largevolume high-resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer system. Several unreported γ-transitions were observed. Based on these transitions, a NaI(Tl)-Ge(Li)γ-γ coincidence study and the previously reported work on this system, a level scheme of 134 Ba, is proposed.
Depressive Symptoms, Antidepressant Use, and the Incidence of Diabetes in the Black Women’s Health Study

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship of depressive symptoms and use of antidepressants with incident type 2 diabetes in prospective data from a large cohort of U.S. African American women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The Black Women’s Health Study (BWHS) is an ongoing prospective cohort study. We followed 35,898 women from 1999 through 2011 who were without a diagnosis of diabetes and who had completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) in 1999. CES-D scores were categorized as RESULTS Over 12 years of follow-up, there were 3,372 incident diabetes cases. Relative to CES-D score CONCLUSIONS Both depressive symptoms and antidepressant use are associated with incident diabetes among African American women. These associations are mediated in part, but not entirely, through lifestyle factors and BMI.
Survey of traffic control schemes and protocols in ATM networks

The authors survey a number of important research topics in ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) networks. The topics covered include mathematical modeling of various types of traffic sources, congestion-control and error-control schemes for ATM networks, and priority schemes to support multiple classes of traffic. Standard activity for ATM networks and future research problems in ATM are also presented. It is shown that the cell-arrival process for data sources can be modeled by a simple Poisson process. However, voice sources or video sources require more complex processes because of the correlation among cell arrivals. Due to the effects of high-speed channels, preventive control is more effective in ATM networks than reactive control. Due to the use of optical fibers in ATM networks, the channel error rate is very small. The effects of propagation delay and processing time become significant in such high-speed networks. These fundamental changes trigger the necessity to reexamine the error-control schemes used in existing networks. Due to the diversity of service and performance requirements, the notion of multiple traffic classes is required, and separate control mechanisms should be used according to the traffic classes. The priority scheme is shown to be an effective method to support multiple classes of traffic. >
The moderating effect of prior attitudes on intergroup face‐to‐face contact

The present study examined cooperative contact as an antecedent to reducing negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbians, as measured by Herek's Attitudes Toward Lesbians and Gay Men Scale—Short Form (ATLG). In a scripted role-play, participants were paired with a confederate who declared their character's sexual orientation as either heterosexual or homosexual. Hierarchical regression analysis demonstrated that contact with homosexual individuals affected participants' attitudes toward gay men and lesbians over and above the participants' prior ATLG scores. A moderating effect for prior ATLG scores was also found. The effect of confederate's sexual orientation was stronger for participants with more negative ATLG scores compared to those with more favorable attitudes. Implications for decreasing homophobia in organizations are discussed.
Energy-efficient scheduling for wireless sensor networks

We consider the problem of minimizing the energy needed for data fusion in a sensor network by varying the transmission times assigned to different sensor nodes. The optimal scheduling protocol is derived, based on which we develop a low-complexity inverse-log scheduling (ILS) algorithm that achieves near-optimal energy efficiency. To eliminate the communication overhead required by centralized scheduling protocols, we further derive a distributed inverse-log protocol that is applicable to networks with a large number of nodes. Focusing on large-scale networks with high total data rates, we analyze the energy consumption of the ILS. Our analysis reveals how its energy gain over traditional time-division multiple access depends on the channel and the data-length variations among different nodes.
FINDING THE SELF: A BEHAVIORAL MEASURE AND ITS CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS

We present a clinical model of the development of self . The model focuses on the early learning responsible for linguistic self-referents such as "I" and "me." This model offers an account for why some patients, such as those with borderline personality disorder (BPD), feel that they "do not know who they are" or that their sense of self is controlled by other people, while other patients have a sense of a secure, stable self that is not prey to the whims of others. We administered a new self-report instrument, the Experiencing of Self Scale, which measures the degree to which other people influence the experience of self, along with the SelfEsteem Scale and the Dissociative Experiences Scale to 284 undergraduate students and 14 BPD patients. We found that the degree to which other people influence the experience of self depended on the nature and closeness of the people involved, that those in our BPD sample suffered from excessive influence of other people over the experience of self relative to the undergraduates, and that the degree of influence correlated
Prevalence of Positional Sleep Apnea in Patients Undergoing Polysomnography

Study objectives: The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of positional obstructive sleep apnea using a functional definition. Positional sleep apnea was defined as a total apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) > 5 with a > 50% reduction in the AHI between the supine and nonsupine postures, and an AHI that normalizes (AHI 30/h). Sufficient sleep (> 15 min) in both postures was not seen in 104 of 269 patients (38.7%) and 80 of 242 overnight studies (33.1%) at the VAWNY and ASC, respectively, and was not seen in 47 of 57 split-night studies (82.5%). The percentage of studies with insufficient sleep in both postures was significantly greater for split-night studies (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Positional sleep apnea is common particularly in patients with mild disease. Positional sleep apnea cannot usually be assessed during a split-night study. (CHEST 2005; 128:2130–2137)
NH2-Terminal targeting motifs direct dual specificity A-kinase-anchoring protein 1 (D-AKAP1) to either mitochondria or endoplasmic reticulum.

Subcellular localization directed by specific targeting motifs is an emerging theme for regulating signal transduction pathways. For cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA), this is achieved primarily by its association with A-kinase–anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Dual specificity AKAP1, (D-AKAP1) binds to both type I and type II regulatory subunits and has two NH2-terminal (N0 and N1) and two COOH-terminal (C1 and C2) splice variants ([Huang et al., 1997][1]. J . Biol . Chem . 272:8057). Here we report that the splice variants of D-AKAP1 are expressed in a tissue-specific manner with the NH2-terminal motifs serving as switches to localize D-AKAP1 at different sites. Northern blots showed that the N1 splice is expressed primarily in liver, while the C1 splice is predominant in testis. The C2 splice shows a general expression pattern. Microinjecting expression constructs of D-AKAP1(N0) epitope-tagged at either the NH2 or the COOH terminus showed their localization to the mitochondria based on immunocytochemistry. Deletion of N0(1-30) abolished mitochondrial targeting while N0(1-30)-GFP localized to mitochondria. Residues 1–30 of N0 are therefore necessary and sufficient for mitochondria targeting. Addition of the 33 residues of N1 targets D-AKAP1 to the ER and residues 1–63 fused to GFP are necessary and sufficient for ER targeting. Residues 14–33 of N1 are especially important for targeting to ER; however, residues 1–33 alone fused to GFP gave a diffuse distribution. N1(14-33) thus serves two functions: (a) it suppresses the mitochondrial-targeting motif located within residues 1–30 of N0 and (b) it exposes an ER-targeting motif that is at least partially contained within the N0(1-30) motif. This represents the first example of a differentially targeted AKAP and adds an additional level of complexity to the PKA signaling network. [1]: #ref-7
Automatic solder joint inspection

The task of automating the visual inspection of pin-in-hole solder joints is addressed. Two approaches are explored: statistical pattern recognition and expert systems. An objective dimensionality-reduction method is used to enhance the performance of traditional statistical pattern recognition approaches by decorrelating feature data, generating feature weights, and reducing run-time computations. The expert system uses features in a manner more analogous to the visual clues that a human inspector would rely on for classification. Rules using these cues are developed, and a voting scheme is implemented to accumulate classification evidence incrementally. Both methods compared favorably with human inspector performance. >
Modeling and control of a three dimensional gantry robot

Due to oscillations, gantry robot maneuvers are performed slowly contributing to low site efficiency and high transportation costs. These undesirable oscillations can be minimized at reasonably high travel speeds by designing effective controllers. In this paper sliding mode and fuzzy scheduled linear controllers are designed based on a linearized model of a three dimensional gantry robot. The controllers are designed to minimize the load swing oscillations in the presence of modeling errors. The designed controllers are then used with the nonlinear model to show their effectiveness in damping the load angle oscillations.
Exploring Clinicians Attitudes Toward the Incorporation of Racial Socialization in Psychotherapy

Racial socialization has been found to have a positive impact on the lives of African Americans. While most studies have focused on parental and caretaker racial socialization, none have examined t...
The Use of Aggregate Data in Comparative Political Analysis

IN RECENT YEARS the field of comparative politics has undergone a marked alteration both in terms of substantive content as well as methodology. In the process it has expanded far beyond its traditional concern with constitutions, government institutions and political party organization and activity, which were generally analyzed through legal and descriptive methods. This alteration has largely been the consequence of both the growth of the behavioral movement within political science, as well as the influence upon it of specific substantive concerns and research methods of related fields such as political sociology, social psychology and anthropology. Any attempt to catalogue the complete range of newer writings in comparative politics at this stage would be both difficult and of doubtful utility since the field is still in a state of flux. One broad distinction does emerge however, and it may be expected to continue in the work of those seeking to make cross-national comparisons in order to identify and explain uniformities and differences in political behavior. This is with respect to the types of data utilized and how they are handled in analysis.' More specifically, the newer writings may be classified into those which are characterized by the systematic use of quantitative data, where analysis often centers on measurement with a variety of statistical tests; as contrasted with those writings which rely largely upon qualitative data where analysis rests on a conceptual scheme or framework such as structural functional theory and ideal type analysis. The first of the newer group
Airborne microwave doppler measurements of ocean wave directional spectra

A technique is presented for measuring ocean wave directional spectra from aircraft using microwave Doppler radar. The technique involves backscattering coherent microwave radiation from a patch of sea surface which is small compared to dominant ocean wavelengths in the antenna look direction, and large compared to these lengths in the perpendicular (azimuthal) direction. The mean Doppler shift of the return signal measured over short time intervals is proportional to the mean sea surface velocity of the illuminated patch. Variable sea surface velocities induced by wave motion therefore produce time-varying Doppler shifts in the received signal. The large azimuthal dimension of the patch implies that these variations must be produced by surface waves traveling near the horizontal antenna look direction thus allowing determination of the direction of wave travel. Linear wave theory is used to convert the measured velocities into ocean wave spectral densities. Spectra measured simultaneously with this technique and two laser profilometers, and nearly simultaneous with this technique and two laser profilometers, and nearly simultaneous with a surface buoy, are presented. Applications and limitations of this airborne Doppler technique are discussed.
Next generation digital GPS receiver

The architecture and technology features of the next-generation (NGR) digital GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver manufactured by Collin are described. The project's objective was to develop an advanced GPS receiver chipset with high antijam capabilities. The program, initiated in 1985, has provided the technology for miniature receiver products for both unmanned and manned vehicle applications. A two-channel version of the receiver is in full-scale development for tactical missile applications. A five-channel version is being tested and evaluated as a drop-in replacement for RCVR-3A, the US Department of Defense standard high dynamic receiver. The NGR design started with the digital signal processing architecture developed for the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) hand-held GPS receiver. Enhancements were made to improve the antijam and signal acquisition performance. Producible, qualifiable and cost-effective silicon monolithic microwave integrated circuits and semicustom digital technologies were used to develop the core GPS chipset. A system design approach was established to permit reuse of mature and validated GPS software. >
Augmentative biological control: research and methods to help make it work

Augmentative biological control, especially in field situations, can be complex but there are novel or incompletely explored directions for research and methods development that may lead to improved future performance. At the fundamental level, augmentation faces inherent ecological/ behavioural challenges such as enemy dispersal, pest refugia and deleterious interactions within predator/parasitoid guilds. However, these may be addressed by the choice of natural enemies with specific or manipulatable dispersal capabilities which attack hosts when most vulnerable. Integration of augmentative biological control with other control methods has not been sufficiently explored. One promising partner is the sterile insect technique (SIT) and related technologies such as conditional-lethality and genetic-drives that perform best at low and declining pest densities and should interact well, even synergistically, with natural enemy augmentation. Other candidates for integration with augmentative biological control include the addition of plants that support natural enemies, infochemicals such as kairomones that could lead pests to occupy more vulnerable microhabitats and even certain pesticides. At the production level, new or not widely adopted technologies for mass-rearing can lower costs. For example, host irradiation simplifies the handling of parasitoids, improves sanitation, facilitates the movement of natural enemies across borders and allows hosts to be exposed in sentinel-traps. Parasitoid rearing expenses could be halved by using thelytokous strains such as those resulting from Wolbachia infections. In some cases, hosts for specialist parasitoids can be obtained inexpensively from the unwanted sex of mass-reared pests: another advantage of integration with SIT. While many innovations are now costly, scientifically sophisticated and planned for use in regional-scale projects, new techniques and genetic modifications could become widely available to the agricultural industry.
Creating interest in operating systems via active learning

It is generally accepted that multi-threading, concurrency and semaphores (including producer-consumer, readers-writers problems, etc.) are a major challenge to undergraduate operating systems students. In addition, while the author became fascinated while working with systems programming in industry, students did not appear to be interested in the theoretical, passive-learning approach of an all-lecture course. The challenge was to add an active-learning component that would help students to better understand concepts and enhance their interest, while still retaining all course content and cutting the lecture time. The OS course was modified to include about one hour of active learning for two hours of lecture. Our active learning approach uses exercises and mini-labs on a Linux system, and successfully raised interest for the students
Antioxidant Activity of Soy Protein Hydrolysates in a Liposomal System

ABSTRACT: Native and heated soy protein isolate was hydrolyzed with 3 purified (pepsin, papain, and chymotrypsin) and 3 crude (Alcalase®, ProtamexTM, and FlavourzymeTM) proteases. The hydrolysates were incubated (37 °C, 1 h) with a liposome-oxidizing system (50 μM FeCl3/0.1 mM ascorbate, pH 7.0) to test antioxidant activities by determining the concentrations of TBARS. Degree of hydrolysis of SPI hydrolysates ranged from 1.7 to 20.6%. Both hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed SPI decreased TBARS (by 28 to 65%), except for papain-hydrolyzed samples. Samples of chymotrypsin- and Flavourzyme-hydrolyzed (0.5 h) preheated SPI had the greatest inhibitory effect on lipid oxidation.
Hand Therapy Modalities for Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Stiffness.

ASSH Disclaimer: The material presented in this CME activity is mad ASSH for educational purposes only. This material is not intended to methods or the best procedures appropriate for the medical situation rather it is intended to present an approach, view, statement, or opinion may be helpful, or of interest, to other practitioners. Examinees agree to medical education activity, sponsored by the ASSH, with full knowledge a they waive any claim they may have against the ASSH for reliance o presented. The approval of the US Food and Drug Administration is requ and drugs that are considered experimental. Instrumentation systems dis during this educational activity may not yet have received FDA approv
Oxidation by 2-oxoglutarate oxygenases: non-haem iron systems in catalysis and signalling

The 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and ferrous iron dependent oxygenases are a superfamily of enzymes that catalyse a wide range of reactions including hydroxylations, desaturations and oxidative ring closures. Recently, it has been discovered that they act as sensors in the hypoxic response in humans and other animals. Substrate oxidation is coupled to conversion of 2OG to succinate and carbon dioxide. Kinetic, spectroscopic and structural studies are consistent with a consensus mechanism in which ordered binding of (co)substrates enables control of reactive intermediates. Binding of the substrate to the active site triggers the enzyme for ligation of dioxygen to the metal. Oxidative decarboxylation of 2OG then generates the ferryl species thought to mediate substrate oxidation. Structural studies reveal a conserved double-stranded beta-helix core responsible for binding the iron, via a 2His-1carboxylate motif and the 2OG side chain. The rigidity of this core contrasts with the conformational flexibility of surrounding regions that are involved in binding the substrate. Here we discuss the roles of 2OG oxygenases in terms of the generic structural and mechanistic features that render the 2OG oxygenases suited for their functions.
True pituitary Addison's disease, a pituitary unitropic deficiency; fifteen-year follow-up.

THE authors introduce the term “unitropism” in this paper to designate a selective involvement of a single tropic hormone of the pituitary gland. The implication of the unitropic concept has been considered in such conditions as pituitary myxedema (1, 2), pituitary dwarfism (1a, 3), and pituitary hypogonadism (1b, 4, 5). Although isolated instances of unitropism may be gleaned from the literature, a clear concept has not been evolved. Such a concept is more difficult to establish, since this is an exclusion diagnosis. In order to establish the validity of a case of hypopituitary unitropism, a deficiency of a single tropic hormone must be demonstrated. Thus, for example, although the outstanding signs and symptoms in panhypopituitarism may be those of hypogonadism, the presence of secondary hypothyroidism and hypoadrenia precludes the unitropic diagnosis. The further purpose of this paper is to present the first established case of true pituitary Addison's disease with acceptable diagnostic criteria (Table...
Platelet-rich plasma efficacy versus corticosteroid injection treatment for chronic severe plantar fasciitis.

Background:Chronic plantar fasciitis is a common orthopedic condition that can prove difficult to successfully treat. In this study, autologous platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a concentrated bioactive blood component rich in cytokines and growth factors, was compared to traditional cortisone injection in the treatment of chronic cases of plantar fasciitis resistant to traditional nonoperative management.Methods:Forty patients (23 females and 17 males) with unilateral chronic plantar fasciitis that did not respond to a minimum of 4 months of standardized traditional nonoperative treatment modalities were prospectively randomized and treated with either a single ultrasound guided injection of 3 cc PRP or 40 mg DepoMedrol cortisone. American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) hindfoot scoring was completed for all patients immediately prior to PRP or cortisone injection (pretreatment = time 0) and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months following injection treatment. Baseline pretreatment radiographs and MRI studies w...
Kuru: an appraisal of five years of investigation.

(1962). Kuru: An appraisal of five years of investigation. Eugenics Quarterly: Vol. 9, No. 1, pp. 69-74.
A Family of Transcriptional Antitermination Factors Necessary for Synthesis of the Capsular Polysaccharides of Bacteroides fragilis

A single strain of Bacteroides fragilis synthesizes eight distinct capsular polysaccharides, designated PSA to PSH. These polysaccharides are synthesized by-products encoded by eight separate polysaccharide biosynthesis loci. The genetic architecture of each of these eight loci is similar, including the fact that the first gene of each locus is a paralog of the first gene of each of the other PS loci. These proteins are designated the UpxY family, where x is replaced by a to h, depending upon the polysaccharide locus from which it is produced. Mutational analysis of three separate upxY genes demonstrated that they are necessary and specific for transcription of their respective polysaccharide biosynthesis operon and that they function in trans. Transcriptional reporter constructs, reverse transcriptase PCR, and deletion analysis demonstrated that the UpxYs do not affect initiation of transcription, but rather prevent premature transcriptional termination within the 5' untranslated region between the promoter and the upxY gene. The UpxYs have conserved motifs that are present in NusG and NusG-like proteins. Mutation of two conserved residues within the conserved KOW motif abrogated UpaY activity, further confirming that these proteins belong to the NusG-like (NusG(SP)) family. Alignment of highly similar UpxYs led to the identification of a small region of these proteins predicted to confer specificity for their respective loci. Construction of an upaY-upeY hybrid that produced a protein in which a 17-amino-acid segment of UpaY was changed to that of UpeY altered UpaY's specificity, as it was now able to function in transcriptional antitermination of the PSE biosynthesis operon.
Similarity Scaling and Cognitive Process Models

INTRODUCTION 25 DETERMINISTIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACHES ... . . .. ... ....... . 27 Universal Laws of Generalization and Similarity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........ . 27 Identification, Categorization, and Recognition 30 Same-Different Judgments and Reaction Time 37 Cognitive Processes and the Metric Axioms. . . . . ....... . . .. . . . . . . ...... . . . . . .. . . . . . ...... . . . 38 Summary....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . .. . . ....... . . . . . . . .. ........ . . .. .. . . . . . ...... . . . 40 PROBABILISTIC MULTIDIMENSIONAL SCALING APPROACHES . .. . . . . . . . . .. .... . . 41 Probabilistic Scaling of Distance Judgments .. . .. ........ . . . . . ... ..... 41 General Recognition Theory . . . . . . 43 Multivariate Discrimination Methods ..... ... . ....... . . . . . . ......... . . 47 FUTURE DIRECTIONS 49
Gene expression profiling of Ctr9-regulated transcriptome in ERα-positive breast cancer

Ctr9, the key scaffold subunit in human RNA polymerase II associated factor complex (PAFc), has diverse functions in cells and has been implicated in human diseases. Recently, our study found that loss of Ctr9 led to apparent morphological change, decrease of proliferation, and reduced colony formation in ERα(+) breast cancer cells. Moreover, Ctr9 and ERα show positive correlation at protein levels and the high levels of Ctr9 are associated with poor survival among all women with ERα(+) breast cancers, and specifically among those treated with tamoxifen. To gain a molecular understanding of the role of Ctr9 in promoting ERα(+) breast cancer, we performed a microarray gene expression profiling of Ctr9-regulated transcriptome. Here we provide the experimental details and analysis of the microarray data, which have been deposited into Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO): GSE73388.
Wagering on Religious Freedom

Why is religious freedom valuable? This is a basic question necessarily presupposed in any discussion of the free exercise clause or other legal protections for freedom of religion. In this paper, I argue that at present American jurisprudence lacks a coherent theory of religious freedom. In the beginning, the arguments for religious liberty were cast in explicitly theological terms. In a pluralistic age, however, these theological arguments lack any real traction. Using Pascal's wager as an analogy, however, it is possible to recast the theological justification for religious freedom in terms suitable for a pluralistic society. Indeed, the argument can be formalized into a simple economic claim: religious liberty is Kaldor-Hicks efficient.
Charge-multiplicity and collision-energy dependence of pt spectra from p-p collisions at the relativistic heavy-ion collider and large hadron collider

A two-component (soft + hard) model (TCM) of hadron production in yields and spectra derived from the charge-multiplicity dependence of 200 GeV p–p collisions at the relativistic heavy ion collider is extended to describe p–p spectrum data from the large hadron collider (LHC) up to 13 TeV. The LHC data include spectrum ratios that provide only partial information on the TCM. The LHC ratio method is applied to well-understood 200 GeV spectrum data to derive an algebraic link between spectrum ratios and the full TCM. Some aspects of the form of the hard component on transverse momentum are found to be n ch dependent. LHC spectrum ratios are then analyzed to obtain n ch and collision-energy (over three orders of magnitude) dependence of isolated soft and hard TCM spectrum components. The energy dependence of the spectrum soft component is a new result suggesting a relation to Gribov diffusion. The spectrum hard component varies simply and smoothly with n ch suggesting bias of the underlying jet spectrum and linearly with QCD parameter , its properties consistent with minimum-bias reconstructed-jet spectrum measurements.
129. Repeated stressor exposure regionally sensitizes Beta-adrenoceptor-mediated induction of brain IL-1

Chronic or repeated stressor exposure is associated with elevated brain cytokines, which are linked to poor health consequences including metabolic syndrome, heart disease, neurodegenerative conditions, cognitive decline, and depression. During non-pathogenic times the production of brain cytokines, particularly IL-1, is largely mediated by beta-adrenergic receptors (β-ADRs). Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in β-ADR signaling following repeated stressor exposure favors increased brain cytokine production. Fischer rats were exposed to repeated mild stressors or remained in their home cage. Twenty-four hours after the last stressor animals were injected centrally with either saline or 10 μg (1 μg/μl) isoproterenol, a β-ADR agonist, via intra-cistera magna injections. As previously demonstrated, isoproterenol stimulated widespread IL-1 protein production 2 h later in control animals. Interestingly, animals repeatedly exposed to stressors had similar basal cytokine levels but significantly greater IL-1 production in the hypothalamus and amygdala compared to controls, while levels were equal to controls in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and brainstem. These data demonstrate repeated stressor exposure cause regional changes in β-ADR signaling that favors greater brain cytokine production. This is particularly interesting because to date only widespread priming of cytokine production to immunological stimuli has been reported following stressor exposure. These data indicate stressor exposure also primes cytokine production to stimuli that are not immunogens and this likely involves a different underlying mechanism to result in regional brain changes.
A Structural Integration of the Affect Balance Scale and the Life Satisfaction Index A

This study integrates two popular measures of subjective well-being: the Affect Balance Scale (ABS) and the Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA). Eight ABS items and seven LSIA items are hypothesized to measure four dimensions including congruence, happiness, positive affect, and negative affect. In addition, a second-order factor identified as subjective well-being is postulated to account for the correlations among these four dimensions. This model is examined empirically by using data from the Harris 1974 National Council on Aging survey, Myths and Realities of Aging in America. The proposed formulation is supported and consistently replicated across four randomly divided subsamples.
76 A RARE CASE OF RAPIDLY PROGRESSIVE GLOMERULONEPHRITIS POSITIVE FOR BOTH ANTIGLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE ANTIBODY AND PERINUCLEAR ANTINEUTROPHILIC CYTOPLASMIC ANTIBODY.

The case presented is of a 50-year-old female with a chief complaint of weakness, nausea, and vomiting. She was found to be in acute renal failure with a creatinine of 10.0, and urinalysis showed dysmorphic red blood cells. Renal biopsy showed extensive glomerular crescents suggestive of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis. Follow-up tests revealed that she was positive for both anti-GBM (glomerular basement membrane) antibodies and p-ANCA (antineutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody). She presented late in the disease process with very poor renal function, and despite aggressive treatment, she remained dialysis dependent 4 months after diagnosis. This patient represents a rare presentation of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis with concomitant presence of both anti-GBM antibodies and p-ANCA. Anti-GBM or Goodpasture9s sydrome is a rare disease, with only approximately 30% of these patients also being positive for ANCA, most commonly p-ANCA. Alternatively, about 5% of patients positive for p-ANCA are anti-GBM positive. The significance of recognizing these patients with this presentation lies in the clinical outcome. Patients with pure anti-GBM rarely recover from severe renal disease, whereas up to 75% of those with ANCA-associated vasculitis can recover renal function even when presenting with acute renal failure that requires dialysis. Patients who are positive for both antibodies have survival and renal recovery rates much more similar to anti-GBM disease than ANCA-associated vasculitis. As a result, these patients benefit from more aggressive treatment than is standard for ANCA-associated vasculitis alone. Therefore, it may be prudent to test patients diagnosed with either disease for the other antibody to guide therapy and outcome.
Vehicle Quality Audit Program Analyze and Exertion

It's briefly introduced the meaning of complete vehicle quality assessment and analysis the structure of QA system sub-items in this paper. And then combining with my work, tick off the exertion and effect of QA system in auto plant expecting offering help to you.
A novel mode of neurotoxin action. A polypeptide toxin isolated from Anemonia sulcata shifts the voltage dependence of the maximal rate of rise of Na+ action potentials in a mouse neuronal clone.

Mouse neuroblastoma N-18 cells, which evoked a mixed Na+ and Ca2+ action potential under appropriate tissue culture conditions, were used to study the electrophysiological pharmacology of a polypeptide neurotoxin (ATX-II) from a sea anemone. When applied extracellularly, ATX-II in concentrations as low as 10-7 M increased reversibly the electrical excitability of N-18 cells, e.g., the toxin caused spontaneous firing in which the duration and the maximal rate of rise of each action potential were increased. A set of results obtained in this work strongly suggests that this effect of the toxin was mainly due to its interaction with the inactivation gate of the Na+ channel of N-18 cells, i.e., ATX-II inhibited both the time-dependent and the steady-state processes of Na+ channel inactivation. Accordingly, this toxin is a useful tool for elucidating the molecular structure of the voltage-sensitive inactivation gate of the Na+ channel.
Fabricating Nanometer-Thick Simultaneously Oleophobic/Hydrophilic Polymer Coatings via a Photochemical Approach.

The simultaneously oleophobic/hydrophilic coatings are highly desirable in antifogging, oil–water separation, and detergent-free cleaning. However, such coatings require special chemical structure, i.e., perfluorinated backbone and polar end-groups, and are too expensive for real-life application. Here, we have developed an UV-based photochemical approach to make nanometer-thick perfluoropolyethers without polar end-groups, which are not intrinsically simultaneously oleophobic/hydrophilic but cost-effective, become simultaneously oleophobic/hydrophilic. The contact angle, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the UV irradiation results in the covalent bonding between the polymer and the substrate, which renders more ordered packing of polymer chains and thus the appropriately small interchain distance. As a result, the small water molecules penetrate the polymer network while large oil molecules do not. As a result, the oil contact angle is larger than the water c...