cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drought-Busting Tropical Cyclones in the Southeastern Atlantic United States: 1950-2008

Droughts and tropical cyclones (TCs) are climatologically common events in the southeastern United States, yet little research has examined the potential for TCs to ameliorate drought impacts. Here, we identify the frequency of TCs that abruptly end drought conditions (i.e., drought busters, or DB) and determine possible influences of coupled ocean‐atmosphere teleconnections on the likelihood of a TC-induced DB (TCDB). Using the HURDAT database and Palmer Drought Severity Indexes from 1950 through 2008, we identified every TCDB for thirty-one climate divisions in the southeastern Atlantic United States. We present the spatial patterns of the total number of TCDBs and the percentage of all droughts ended by TCs using choropleth maps. To determine what teleconnections influenced TCDBs, we used logistic regression analysis and included multiple synoptic-scale circulation indexes as predictor variables. In addition, we used a Fisher’s exact test to examine the association between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and TCDBs. We found that up to 41 percent of all droughts and at least 20 percent of droughts in three fourths of the climate divisions were ended by TCDBs. NAO was a significant predictor (p = 0.005) in the logistic regression model (χ 2 = 10.91, p = 0.001), and the Fisher’s exact test showed a significant association between NAO and TCDBs (p = 0.003). An odds-ratio calculation showed that TCDBs are 5.8 times more likely to occur during a negative NAO phase than a positive
Chemical Modification of Self-Assembled Monolayers by Exposure to Soft X-rays in Air

Methyl-, vinyl-, and trifluoroacetoxy-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkylsiloxanes on SiOx/Si substrates were exposed to soft X-rays (0−4000 mJ/cm2) at air pressures from 2 × 10-2 to 2 Torr. The exposed and unexposed monolayers were characterized by using advancing-contact-angle measurements of water, ellipsometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). No significant differences in the thicknesses of the monolayers were observed under any exposure conditions. Advancing-contact angles of water (θa) on all of the monolayers did not change with increasing dose up to 2000 mJ/cm2 for exposures performed at 2 × 10-2 Torr. A 15% loss of fluorine was observed from the CF3COO-terminated SAMs at this pressure at a dose of 4000 mJ/cm2. The θa decreased monotonically with dose for all monolayers exposed at 0.5, 1, and 2 Torr of air pressure. The rate of decrease of θa increased with increasing air pressure. A simple kinetic model based on competing oxidation and cross-linking reactions of react...
Measurements of extremely low frequency signals from modulation of the polar electrojet above Fairbanks, Alaska

The high-power auroral stimulation (HIPAS) ionospheric heater facility located 50 km east of Fairbanks, Alaska, has recently been made operational and available to the scientific community. Observations of extremely-low-frequency (ELF) signals generated using the HIPAS ionospheric heater are presented. These observations were the first to be made with this facility and help to demonstrate its early success. During the period of June 10-June 25, 1987, extensive experiments were performed to evaluate the scope of applications for studying the high-latitude ionosphere and the polar electrojet current system. Results of ELF stepped-frequency, polarization, and beam-steering experiments are described. >
High bandwidth board-level parallel optical interconnects for server applications

Optical waveguides embedded in a printed circuit board offer a substantial increase in the achievable bandwidth density compared with todays electrical interconnects. Specific challenges and solutions to integrate optical interconnects in a printed circuit board are addressed.
Spectroscopic Characterization of the Tungsten and Iron Centers in Aldehyde Ferredoxin Oxidoreductases from Two Hyperthermophilic Archaea

The electronic and redox properties of the iron and tungsten centers in the aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductases (AORs) from Pyrococcus furiosus (Pf) and Pyrococcus strain ES-4 (ES-4) have been investigated by the combination of EPR and variable-temperature magnetic circular dichroism (VTMCD) spectroscopies. Parallel- and perpendicular-mode EPR studies of ES-4 AOR reveal a redox inactive “g = 16” resonance from an integer spin paramagnet. On the basis of the X-ray crystal structure of Pf AOR (Chan, M. K.; Mukund, S.; Kletzin, A.; Adams, M. W. W.; Rees, D. C. Science 1995, 267, 1463−1469), this resonance is attributed to a mononuclear high-spin Fe(II) ion at the subunit interface, although the possibility that this center is a carboxylate-bridged reduced diiron center in ES-4 AOR is also considered. Both enzymes have a [4Fe−4S]2+,+ cluster with unique electronic properties compared to known synthetic or biological [4Fe−4S]+ clusters, i.e. pure S = 3/2 ground state with g = 4.7, 3.4, 1.9 (E/D = 0.12 and D = ...
Influence of protein conformation on its adaptability under chaotropic conditions.

The thermostability of serum albumin and beta-lactoglobulin in various salt solutions was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Below 1.0 M salt concentrations, the relative effectiveness of various sodium salts on increasing the thermostability of beta-lactoglobulin followed the classic Hofmeister or lyotropic series, i.e. SO2-(4) greater than Cl- greater than Br- greater than ClO-4 greater than SCN-; however, in the case of serum albumin the above order was reversed, i.e. ClO-4 greater than SCN- greater than Br- greater than Cl- greater than SO2-(4), indicating that the thermostability of serum albumin was higher in chaotropic solution conditions. Circular dichroic analysis of serum albumin in NaClO4 solutions revealed that the alpha-helical content of the protein increased from 59% to 73% in 1.0 M NaClO4; no similar increase in secondary structure was observed for beta-lactoglobulin. These observations contradicted the general notion that the chaotropic effect of neutral salts on the stability of macromolecules is independent of any details of the macromolecular conformation itself. The results presented here indicate that the predisposition of the native conformation of a protein per se might affect whether the protein would undergo stabilization or destabilization (i.e. conformational adaptability) under moderate chaotropic solution conditions.
Genetic counseling of families with Marfan syndrome and other disorders showing a Marfanoid body habitus

Eight pedigrees of patients with Marfan syndrome are presented. In addition, four pedigrees of patients with conditions sometimes showing a marfanoid body habitus are described: Wagner-Stickler syndrome, multiple endocrine neoplasia type III, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type VIA, and congenital contractural arachnodactyly type II. Emphasis is placed on the importance of genetic information in the differential diagnosis and management of patients and family members by the ophthalmologist.
Direct and Indirect Scaling of Sensory Differences in Simple Taste and Odor Mixtures

Differences between simple taste-odor mixtures were assessed by direct ratings of individual sensory attributes and by a forced-choice discrimination task. Two levels of citral and two levels of sucrose were combined factorially to produce four mixtures. The direct scaling of perceived sweetness and perceived intensity of lemon odor revealed no interactions of the components. However, Thurstonian scaled distances based on triangle test performance showed complex interactions. The difference in results observed with the two methods suggests that sensory data may have dramatically different implications, depending upon what a given task demands of the observer.
GBAS, a novel gene encoding a protein with tyrosine phosphorylation sites and a transmembrane domain, is co-amplified with EGFR

Amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) has been noted in several forms of human cancer. Although various aspects of this gene alteration have been extensively studied, little is known about the genetic content of the chromosome 7p12 region that can be co-amplified with this cellular oncogene. Here we report the identification of and coding sequence for a novel gene, GBAS, that is localized to this region and was found to be amplified in 2 of 12 tumors as well as in 2 of 3 cell lines with EGFR amplification. The GBAS transcript is 2.2 kb in length and contains an 858-bp open reading frame. The associated amino acid sequence has identifiable signal peptide and transmembrane motifs, as well as two tyrosine phosphorylation sites that suggest that the encoded protein may be a substrate for tyrosine kinases.
Magnetostatic surface wave devices for UHF and L band applications

Magnetostatic wave (MSW) delay lines and filters made with gallium-substituted garnet films (Ga:La-YIG) are described. These devices were tuned over the 0.3 - 2 GHz frequency range by varying the dc bias field in the range 10-500 Oe depending on the saturation magnetization of the garnet film, therefore complementing already demonstrated MSW devices covering the 2-15 GHz frequency range. Techniques for reducing the amplitude and delay ripples and for minimizing the coupling to elastic resonances are described. The agreement between theoretical predictions, measured amplitude and group delay responses was fairly good. Typically, for a delay line at 500 MHz, the insertion loss is l0 dB; the amplitude ripples are less than 0.5 dB peak-to-peak and the group delay ripples are less than 10 nsec peak-to-peak. Linearly dispersive delay lines show a dispersion of about 1 nsec/MHz over more than 120 MHz bandwidth, while bandpass filters exhibit 25 MHz bandwidth with less than 0.3 dB amplitude ripples.
Structural genomics taking shape.

Abstract The Workshop on Structural Genomics: Understanding Proteins Universal to Life , organized by Argonne National Laboratory (ANL) and Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) at Argonne's Advanced Photon Source Auditorium, 23–25 January 1998.
Creating map-based storyboards for browsing tour videos

Watching a long unedited video is usually a boring experience. In this paper we examine a particular subset of videos, tour videos, in which the video is captured by walking about with a running camera with the goal of conveying the essence of some place. We present a system that makes the process of sharing and watching a long tour video easier, less boring, and more informative. To achieve this, we augment the tour video with a map-based storyboard, where the tour path is reconstructed, and coherent shots at different locations are directly visualized on the map. This allows the viewer to navigate the video in the joint location-time space. To create such a storyboard we employ an automatic pre-processing component to parse the video into coherent shots, and an authoring tool to enable the user to tie the shots with landmarks on the map. The browser-based viewing tool allows users to navigate the video in a variety of creative modes with a rich set of controls, giving each viewer a unique, personal viewing experience. Informal evaluation shows that our approach works well for tour videos compared with conventional media players.
Caught In The Competitive Crossfire: Safety-Net Providers Balance Margin And Mission In A Profit-Driven Health Care Market

This paper describes how intensifying competitive pressures in the health system are simultaneously driving increased demand for safety-net care and taxing safety-net providers’ ability to maintain the mission of serving all, regardless of ability to pay. Although safety-net providers adapted to previous challenges arising from managed care, health system pressures have been more intense and more generalized across different sectors in recent years than in the past. Providers are adopting some of the same strategies being used in the private sector to attract higher-paying patients and changing their “image” as a safety-net provider.
Melanocyte-lineage expression of Cre recombinase using Mitf regulatory elements.

Summary Manipulation of gene expression in melanocytes is an important tool for studying pigment cell biology. We constructed transgenic mice in which Cre recombinase was placed under the control of regulatory elements from the Microphthalmia-associated transcriptional factor (Mitf) gene using bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). Bacterial artificial chromosome that contained either 50 or 108 kb DNA 5′ to the melanocyte-specific (1M) transcriptional start site gave rise to transgenic lines in which Cre is expressed specifically in cells of the melanocyte lineage, as judged by activation of the Gt(Rosa)26tm1Sor(R26R) reporter locus. Activation of R26R is first detectable in melanoblasts of midgestation embryos, and completely marks all melanocyte components of the skin in postnatal animals. To test the utility of the MitfCre transgene, we used a loxP-targeted allele of the protein kinase A alpha catalytic subunit (Prkaca), modified such that Cre-mediated recombination activates PKA signaling. On an agouti background, animals carrying both the MitfCre transgene and the targeted Prkaca allele (CαR) exhibited a darker coat color than control littermates, due to a shift from pheomelanin to eumelanin synthesis. Our results confirm that PKA signaling is a key component of pigment type-switching, and provide a new tool for studying pigment cell biology.
Federal Governments and International Labor Agreements

The International Labor Organization has become one of the most active of all the international institutions of the post-war period. According to the treaty of Versailles, international labor conferences, composed of delegates from countries which are members of the International Labor Organization, are to meet annually to consider and adopt recommendations and conventions applicable to labor problems and conditions throughout the world. The subjects for a number of possible agreements are suggested in the Versailles treaty, and include the right of association of laborers, the establishment of the eight-hour day, the adoption of the weekly rest period, the abolition of child labor, and various related matters. In drafting conventions and recommendations, the conferences are to be guided by a number of principles laid down in the Versailles treaty, and are asked to recognize that “differences of climate, habit and customs, of economic opportunity and industrial tradition, make strict uniformity in the conditions of labor difficult of immediate attainment.” Economic difficulties alone were recognized, at first, by the makers of the treaty of Versailles as standing in the way of the attainment of “strict uniformity in the conditions of labor.” It was, however, soon brought to the attention of the Peace Conference that governments might not all prove equally competent constitutionally to deal with labor problems, and that some might prove totally lacking in legal capacity to adhere to the proposed labor conventions. This legal limitation was felt to be especially likely to arise in the case of federal governments, in many of which all matters of labor legislation are reserved to the member-states, and hence are beyond the legislative powers of the central governments. It was predicted by some that these legal difficulties would prove more stubborn obstacles to the uniform regulation of labor matters than differences in climate, habits and customs, and economic opportunity.
Size‐consistent quasiparticle representation of nonlinear optical susceptibilities in many‐electron systems

The optical response of a many‐electron system is calculated by mapping it onto a coupled set of classical oscillators representing the electron–hole pair components of the reduced single‐ electron‐density matrix. This classical representation is rigorously established using a Poisson bracket relation. Expressions for the nonlinear optical susceptibilities obtained using a Green’s‐function solution of the oscillator equations of motion are used to analyze the size scaling of the off‐resonant response and the resonant structure of the response.
Target-pursuing policies for open multiclass queueing networks

A new parametric class of scheduling and routing policies for open multiclass queueing networks is proposed. We establish their stability and show they are amenable to distributed implementation using localized state information. We exploit our earlier work in (Ref.1) to select appropriate parameter values and outline how optimal parameter values can be computed. We report numerical results indicating that we obtain near-optimal policies (when the optimal can be computed) and significantly outperform heuristic alternatives.
On the Neo-Elitist Critique of Community Power

The process of inquiry occasionally exhibits a dialectical pattern in which a series of assertions is advanced and then attacked. A third phase, which consists of an attempt to salvage the first set of assertions, often ensues. The study of American community power has followed this sequence almost classically, and today we find ourselves in the third phase of the dialectic. The first period marked the contemporary emergence of community power as a distinct field of study, mainly through the investigations of Hunter, Mills and their followers. These observers contended that communities were controlled by “elites,” usually economic, who imposed their will, often covertly, on non-elites. The second phase was marked by the challenge of another group of observers, the “pluralists.” Pluralists contended that the methods and premises of the “elitists” predisposed them to conclusions about community power which were unjustified. Elitists commonly reached their conclusions either by investigating the reputations for power of various members of the community or merely by assuming that all who possessed certain presumed sources of power were in fact powerful. The pluralists claimed that reputations did not guarantee control and demanded evidence that community decisions on political issues, major and minor, were controlled by a reputed elite. The pluralists, after studying community decisions on a variety of subjects, concluded that shifting coalitions of participants drawn from all areas of community life actually controlled local politics. Rarely could a single elite be discovered imposing itself in each area of decision, policy, and conflict. Many observers felt that the pluralists had won the day. Their methodology studied actual behavior, stressed operational definitions, and turned up evidence. Most important, it seemed to produce reliable conclusions which met the canons of science. Recently, however, new considerations have been introduced which intend to prop up the elitist Humpty Dumpty on a more substantial wall of theory than the one from which it had previously tumbled. The beginnings of a new position on community power appear in the work of those responsible for the third phase, the “neo-elitists,” as I shall call them. That position forms the subject of this analysis.
Digital image inverse filtering for improving visual acuity for computer users with visual aberrations

In this article we describe an approach for improving the effective visual acuity for computer users with visual aberrations. This research is based on inverse filtering of images, compensating the visual acuity loss introduced by the user's visual aberration. These images, when displayed to the user, will counteract his/her visual aberration. The method described in this article integrates spatial information processing mechanisms to reduce the negative impact of some shortcomings of the inverse filtering solution.
Loop and Subdomain Movements in the Mechanism of Escherichia coli Dihydrofolate Reductase: Crystallographic Evidence†,‡

The reaction catalyzed by Escherichia coli dihydrofolate reductase (ecDHFR) cycles through five detectable kinetic intermediates: holoenzyme, Michaelis complex, ternary product complex, tetrahydrofolate (THF) binary complex, and THF·NADPH complex. Isomorphous crystal structures analogous to these five intermediates and to the transition state (as represented by the methotrexate·NADPH complex) have been used to assemble a 2.1 A resolution movie depicting loop and subdomain movements during the catalytic cycle (see Supporting Information). The structures suggest that the M20 loop is predominantly closed over the reactants in the holoenzyme, Michaelis, and transition state complexes. But, during the remainder of the cycle, when nicotinamide is not bound, the loop occludes (protrudes into) the nicotinamide−ribose binding pocket. Upon changing from the closed to the occluded conformation, the central portion of the loop rearranges from β-sheet to 310 helix. The change may occur by way of an irregularly struct...
Active noise control in a forced-air cooling system

Active noise control Feedforward control Parameter estimation Digital filters Control applications a b s t r a c t This paper discusses the design methodology for the active noise control of sound disturbances in a forced-air cooling system. The active sound cancellation algorithm uses the framework of output-error based optimization of a linearly parametrized filter for feedforward sound compensation to select microphone location and demonstrate the effectiveness of active noise cancellation in a small portable data projector. Successful implementation of the feedforward based active noise controller on a NEC LT170 data projector shows a 20–40dB reduction per frequency point in the spectrum of external noise of the forced-air cooling system can be obtained over a broad frequency range from 1 to 5kHz. A total noise reduction (unweighted) of 9.3dB is achieved.
A divide and conquer approach to shortest paths in planar layered digraphs

The authors give efficient parallel algorithms to compute shortest-paths in planar layered digraphs. They show that these digraphs admit special kinds of separators, called one-way separators, which allow paths in the graph to cross them only once. They use these separators to give divide-and-conquer solutions to the problem of finding the shortest paths. They first give a simple algorithm that works on the CREW (concurrent-read exclusive-write) PRAM (parallel random-across machine) model and computes the shortest path between any two vertices of an n-node planar layered diagraph in time O(log/sup 3/ n) using n/log n processors. A CRCW (concurrent-read concurrent-write) version of this algorithm runs in O(log/sup 2/ n log log n) time and uses O(n/log log n) processors. The authors then improve the time bound to O(log/sup 2/ n) on the CREW model and O(log n log log n) on the CRCW model. The processor bounds still remain n log n for the CREW model and n/log log n for the CRCW model. >
The molecular classification of multiple myeloma

To better define the molecular basis of multiple myeloma (MM), we performed unsupervised hierarchic clustering of mRNA expression profiles in CD138-enriched plasma cells from 414 newly diagnosed patients who went on to receive high-dose therapy and tandem stem cell transplants. Seven disease subtypes were validated that were strongly influenced by known genetic lesions, such as c-MAF– and MAFB-, CCND1- and CCND3-, and MMSET-activating translocations and hyperdiploidy. Indicative of the deregulation of common pathways by gene orthologs, common gene signatures were observed in cases with c-MAF and MAFB activation and CCND1 and CCND3 activation, the latter consisting of 2 subgroups, one characterized by expression of the early B-cell markers CD20 and PAX5. A low incidence of focal bone disease distinguished one and increased expression of proliferation-associated genes of another novel subgroup. Comprising varying fractions of each of the other 6 subgroups, the proliferation subgroup dominated at relapse, suggesting that this signature is linked to disease progression. Proliferation and MMSET-spike groups were characterized by significant overexpression of genes mapping to chromosome 1q, and both exhibited a poor prognosis relative to the other groups. A subset of cases with a predominating myeloid gene expression signature, excluded from the profiling analyses, had more favorable baseline characteristics and superior prognosis to those lacking this signature.
National Healthcare Safety Network report, data summary for 2013, Device-associated Module.

� To collect data from a sample of health care facilities in the United States to permit valid estimation of the magnitude of adverse events among patients and health care personnel. � To collect data from a sample of health care facilities in the United States to permit valid estimation of the adherence to practices known to be associated with prevention of these adverse events. � To analyze and report collected data to permit recognition of
ESTIMATION OF THE LONG‐MEMORY PARAMETER, BASED ON A MULTIVARIATE CENTRAL LIMIT THEOREM

. Long memory is known to occur in many fields of statistical application. Stationary processes whose correlations decay asymptotically like ‖k‖2H-2, where k is the lag and He (0.5, 1), provide useful parsimonious models with long memory. The parameter H characterizes the long-memory features of the data. For long time series, maximum likelihood estimation of H can be costly in terms of CPU time. In this paper, we show that, for disjoint stretches of the data, estimates of H and other parameters that characterize the dependence structure are asymptotically independent. Averaging these estimates leads to a fast and efficient approximate maximum likelihood method.
Deconstructing Organizational Commitment: Associations Among Its Affective and Cognitive Components, Personality Antecedents, and Behavioral Outcomes

This study tests whether measurement of the cognitive aspect of organizational commitment can explain variance in behavioral expressions of commitment beyond Allen & Meyer's (1990) measure of the affective component of commitment. This cognitive component was measured by an index of belief accentuation. Undergraduates (N = 110) completed a questionnaire that measured all variables. Results show that students who polarize their judgments about the appropriateness of behavior at the university support the university more by defending it from criticism and praising it. This effect holds even after controlling for personality and demographic variables. Results also show that extraversion and agreeableness explain variance in the affective element of commitment and that conscientiousness explains variance in the cognitive element of commitment.
A Critique of ``An Exploratory Investigation of Programmer Performance Under On-Line and Off-Line Conditions''

The preceding paper by Grant and Sackman, ``An Exploratory Investigation of Programmer Performance Under On-Line and Off-Line Conditions'' is discussed critically. Primary emphasis is on this paper's failure to consider the meaning of the numbers obtained. An understanding of the nature of an on-line system is necessary for proper interpretation of the observed results for debugging time, and the results for computer time are critically dependent on the idiosyncracies of the system on which the work was done. Lack of attention to these matters cannot be compensated for by any amount of statistical analysis. Furthermore, many of the conclusions drawn and suggestions made are too vague to be useful.
The mechanics of corrugated collagen fibrils in arteries

Abstract The nonlinear elastic characteristic of the arterial wall is treated as a composite structure of elastin with circumferentially aligned and lubricated collagen fibrils. The mechanics of a pre-corrugated collagen fibril acting as a nonlinear spring is derived analytically and verified by a corrugated spring made of fine steel wire. The analysis shows that the apparent nonlinear elastic characteristic of the arterial wall is due to both the effect of geometry and large deformation rather than a change in the physical properties of the materials. It is hoped that this preliminary analysis will lead to a better understanding of the mechanics of the arteries under various pathological conditions.
Metropolitan Mentors: Building a Network of Women in Mathematics and Computer Science Across New York City: The New York City College of Technology of the City University of New York Workshop

Abstract Our FORWARD to Professorship project organized a series of workshops to support women doctoral students near graduation, postdoctoral scientists, and faculty members, in mathematics and computing, in the metropolitan New York area. The workshop’s goals were to: (i) support development of professional networks to promote research collaborations and advance scholarship, (ii) help form social networks to combat the isolation that may be felt by women, as members of an underrepresented group in these disciplines, and (iii) provide information on strategies for effective teaching, proposal writing, and development of leadership skills, to support advancing to tenure and promotion. In order to evaluate the impact of the workshops, participants were surveyed at the conclusion of the workshop and again several months later. Results suggest that many participants valued the experience, reporting positive impacts on teaching, developing collaborations, leadership, and professional development.
Long-Term Outcomes of External Repair as a Rescue Operation for Atrioventricular Groove Disruption following Mitral Valve Surgery

Atrioventricular (AV) groove disruption is a lethal complication of mitral surgery. Traditional teaching mandates that an "internal" repair be performed requiring prosthesis explantation, complete atrioventricular groove reconstruction utilizing a patch positioned from within the cardiac cavity, and subsequent prosthesis re-implantation. This is a massive undertaking and yields uniformly poor results.
The use of biomarkers in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer

ABSTRACTOver the last fifteen years, significant advances have been made in understanding the mechanisms and pathways that drive tumor growth in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Molecular testing has become routine, and results directly impact clinical decision-making. The discovery of oncogenic driver mutations within the EGFR and ALK genes and their role as biomarkers that predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has opened the door for precision medicine in which treatment decisions are based on the individual patient’s tumor characteristics rather than histology alone. Unfortunately, most patients do not currently benefit from this approach. Research efforts are ongoing to identify additional driver mutations, effective targeted therapies, as well as biomarkers to better predict response to chemotherapies and immunotherapies. This review will focus on the evolving role of biomarkers in the treatment of lung cancer and progress towards making precision medicine a reality f...
Twenty-Five Years of Research on the Lived Experience of Being Gifted in School Capturing the Students’ Voices

Through a synthesis of 25 years worth of studies concerning the lived experience of children who are gifted and talented within the context of school, a more comprehensive picture can be presented. The intent is to provide information for teachers, parents, administrators, and psychologists to better understand and support advanced development. How students experience and relay issues concerning identity, passion, labeling, stigma, culture, schooling, academic resistance, and bullying are discussed through analyzing phenomenological qualitative research conducted over the past 25 years.
LONGITUDINAL CHANGES IN MULTIPLE BIOMARKERS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOTOXICITY IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS TREATED WITH DOXORUBICIN, TAXANES AND TRASTUZUMAB

Anthracyclines and trastuzumab (Herceptin®) have led to significant improvements in breast cancer survival, but are associated with an increased risk of cardiotoxicity. Moreover, biomarker strategies to identify or predict which patients are at risk for cardiotoxicity remain poorly understood. Our
The Distribution and Mortality Trend of Childhood Leukemia

Purpose]To investigate the distribution and the mortality trend of childhood leukemia.[Methods]The data collected from annual statistics reports on death cause in Shenyang from 1992 to 2003 were analyzed by Excel and SAS software.The death cause was classified according to the International Classification of Disease 9.[Results]The mortality trend of leukemia in children age less than 15 years old had not significantly increased from 1992 to 2003(P0.05).The average mortality of childhood leukemia was 2.280/105 with the range of 1.430/105 to 3.390/105,accounted for 51.00% of all childhood cancer deaths and 4.51% of all childhood deaths at the same time.The mortality of leukemia was 2.498/105 in male,2.052/105 in female,with the sex odds of 1.27∶1 and no significance in gender(P0.05).The peak mortality rate reached to 4.460/105 in age 0~1,with 6.035/105 in male and 3.057/105 in female.[Conclusions]The leukemia does more harm to the children age in 0~1 years. It should be strengthened in the leukemia research.
Comparison of Clinical Pathology in Children with Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Henoch - Schonlein Purpura Nephritis

Objective To explore the relationship of immunoglobulin A(IgA) nephropathy (IgAN) and Henoch - Schonlein purpura nephritis(HSPN) in children by making comparison in the aspects of clinical symptoms, laboratory tests and renal pathology. Methods Process the data of 69 cases of HSPN and 33 cases of IgAN respectively in clinical symptoms' frequency, indices of urinalysis and blood cell count, protein quantity in urine of 24 hours, serum level of immunoglobulins, C3 and C4, as well as renal pathologic results. Results In IgAN group, the incidence of male was higher than that of female, respiratory tract infections usually occur as prodrome. Macroscopic hematuria was the most prominent clinical feature, while rash, joint pain, abdominal symptoms seldom happened. Level of hemoglobin in IgAN group was decreased significantly. There were no significant differences in edema, hypertension, proteinuria degree, level of plasm albumin, level of serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IgE, C3 and C4, as well as the features of renal pathologic changes between IgAN and HSPN.Conclusions IgAN and HSPN have similar features in clinical symptoms,level of immunoglobulins and complements and renal pathology. But it is still under discussion whether they are different stages of the same disease.
Chemical Transfer From Soil into Surface Runoff

Although there is a conceptual understanding on processes governing chemical transport from soil to surface runoff,there are little literature and research results actually quantifying these individual processes.We developed a laboratory flow cell and experimental procedures to quantify chemical transport from soil to runoff water by each of the individual processes: i.e.,(1) erosion;(2) convention;(3) Bernoulli effect;and 4) diffusion.We imposed 3 different vertical hydraulic gradients by setting 5-flow cell to free drainage condition(-10 cm),saturation condition and artesian seepage condition(10 cm).Our data confirmed the general form of the convection-diffusion equation;nevertheless,we now have additional quantitative data describing the contribution from each individual chemical loading process under different surface runoff and soil hydrologic conditions.The results identified that Bernoulli Effect made a great contribution to transport chemical from soil into surface runoff under saturation condition.According to our data,the mixing zone depth is gotten by mixing theories under different hydraulic gradients.
Applications of Lean Combustion to Reduce Emissions

Environmental regulation has constricted over the last few decades as the hydrocarbon burning engines produce primarily large amount of nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and sulphur-oxides. For this reason, gas turbine manufacturers are working towards the design of combustion system that reduces the emission of these compounds. Numerous technologic attempts such as water injection combustion, lean pre-mixture combustion, ultra-lean premixed combustion, catalytic combustion, swirl premixed combustion system or the compartment combustion design along with many other concepts have been introduced. This research paper will introduce each combustion process in brief detail and compare the emission data available from each of them and then recommend the one that is suitable for emission controls. 4 McNair Scholars Research Journal, Vol. 1 [2014], Art. 6 http://commons.erau.edu/mcnair/vol1/iss1/6
French Women Poets Respond to the Great War

Among the major western belligerents, France’s literary response to the Great War is the least researched and analysed, and therefore the least understood.1 The studies by Pierre Flottes, Leon Riegel and John Cruick-shank, and the continuing work by Nicole Racine, while not comprehensive, nonetheless raised important issues that have remained unanswered in the recent outpouring of books and articles on the war era. Of the nearly two hundred new books on the Great War published in French in the last several years, only a few, including my own examination of anti-war poetry, are concerned exclusively with the study of imaginative writing. Investigation of Great War literature has fared better in Britain and the United States where scholars have made a considerable contribution to the field. These studies, from Paul Fussell’s The Great War and Modem Memory to the most recent publications, have either focused exclusively on or privileged the writing of English-language authors.2
Recurrent Substance-Blind Combinations of Evidence

We have considered a categorization of individual items of evidence but have also mentioned situations in which individual items can reveal various mixtures of the types of evidence shown in Figure 6.1 (p. 119). We now consider combinations of two or more individual items of evidence. These combinations are also recurrent and do not involve the substance or content of the evidence. There are three main classes of evidence combinations – harmonious, dissonant, and redundant – all of which we may encounter in a mass of evidence being considered in an intelligence analysis or an analysis in any other context. HARMONIOUS EVIDENCE Basic Forms Of Harmonious Evidence Two or more items of evidence are harmonious if they are directionally consistent in the sense that they all point toward, or favor, the same hypothesis or possible conclusion. There are two basic forms of harmonious evidence. The first is called corroborative evidence . In this combination of evidence, we first have two or more sources telling us that the same event has occurred. Suppose both of these sources report that event E has occurred. Directional consistency is apparent here since E is consistent with itself. The sources of corroborative evidence may be any combination of the “INTs” we have mentioned. For example, we may have both IMINT and HUMINT telling us that a certain event has occurred at a location at a certain time. Or, we may have IMINT and COMINT both saying that a certain event occurred. This form of corroboration often, but not always, allows us to have greater confidence that the event in question did occur. In such cases, we would say that one source has verified what the other source has told us. The exception involves instances in which we have other evidence suggesting that two or more HUMINT sources collaborated in deciding what to tell us, or that one source influenced or coerced another source to report the same event. As we know, HUMINT sources are frequently not independent; they can interact in ways designed to deceive us.
Study of Clinical Survival and Gene Expression in a Sample of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Parsimony Phylogenetic Analysis

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the rapidly growing forms of pancreatic cancer with a poor prognosis and less than 5% 5-year survival rate. In this study, we characterized the genetic signatures and signaling pathways related to survival from PDAC, using a parsimony phylogenetic algorithm. We applied the parsimony phylogenetic algorithm to analyze the publicly available whole-genome in silico array analysis of a gene expression data set in 25 early-stage human PDAC specimens. We explain here that the parsimony phylogenetics is an evolutionary analytical method that offers important promise to uncover clonal (driver) and nonclonal (passenger) aberrations in complex diseases. In our analysis, parsimony and statistical analyses did not identify significant correlations between survival times and gene expression values. Thus, the survival rankings did not appear to be significantly different between patients for any specific gene (p > 0.05). Also, we did not find correlation between gene expression data and tumor stage in the present data set. While the present analysis was unable to identify in this relatively small sample of patients a molecular signature associated with pancreatic cancer prognosis, we suggest that future research and analyses with the parsimony phylogenetic algorithm in larger patient samples are worthwhile, given the devastating nature of pancreatic cancer and its early diagnosis, and the need for novel data analytic approaches. The future research practices might want to place greater emphasis on phylogenetics as one of the analytical paradigms, as our findings presented here are on the cusp of this shift, especially in the current era of Big Data and innovation policies advocating for greater data sharing and reanalysis.
Nonsolvable Subalgebras of

All the simple and then semisimple subalgebras of are found. Each such semisimple subalgebra acts by commutator on . In each case the invariant subspaces are found and the results are used to determine all possible subalgebras of that are not solvable.
Developing a pulsed VNA, observations and experiences

Over the past year a group of us at EIP Microwave have been converting a CW VNA into a system capable of measuring devices while in a pulsed RF mode. As we experimented with the CW VNA it became obvious that the problem was not with measuring a nonlinear device but with removing the nonlinearities form the CW measurement system. In this paper I will be discussing some of the tradeoffs which must be made when measuring pulsed signals and lend some insight into how they can be resolved. Even though the work described was toward the development of a commercial product the observations made will be valuable to anyone who is considering making pulsed vna measurements.
Is listening to fat talk the same as participating in fat talk

Our study examined whether verbally participating in fat talk conversations had a different effect on women's body image perception than merely listening to friends engage in fat talk conversations. Participants were 321 women who completed measures of listening to and participating in fat talk conversations, drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint. Results indicated that verbally participating in fat talk was a much stronger predictor of women's drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and dietary restraint than merely listening to friends engage in fat talk conversations.
Potential Environmental Factors Affecting Oil-Degrading Bacterial Populations in Deep and Surface Waters of the Northern Gulf of Mexico.

Understanding bacterial community dynamics as a result of an oil spill is important for predicting the fate of oil released to the environment and developing bioremediation strategies in the Gulf of Mexico. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the roles of temperature, water chemistry (nutrients), and initial bacterial community in selecting oil degraders through a series of incubation experiments. Surface (2 m) and bottom (1537 m) water, collected near the Deepwater Horizon site, were amended with 200 ppm light Louisiana sweet crude oil and bacterial inoculums from surface or bottom water, and incubated at 4oC or 24°C for 50 d. Bacterial community and residual oil were analyzed by pyrosequencing and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The results showed that temperature played a key role in selecting oil-degrading bacteria. Incubation at 4°C favored the development of Cycloclasticus, Pseudoalteromonas, Sulfitobacter and Reinekea, while 24°C incubations enhanced Oleibacter, Thalassobius, Phaeobacter, and Roseobacter. Water chemistry and the initial community have also potential roles in the development of hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial communities. Pseudoalteromonas, Oleibacter, and Winowgradskyella developed well in the nutrient-enriched bottom water, while Reinekea and Thalassobius were favored by low-nutrient surface water. We also revealed that the combination of 4°C, crude oil and bottom inoculum was a key factor for the growth of Cycloclasticus, while the combination of surface inoculum and bottom water chemistry was important for the growth of Pseudoalteromonas. Moreover, regardless of the source of inoculum, bottom water at 24°C was a favorable condition for Oleibacter. Redundancy analysis further revealed that temperature and initial community explained 57% and 19% of the variation observed, while oil and water chemistry contributed 14% and 10%, respectively. Overall, this study revealed the relative roles of temperature, water chemistry, and initial bacterial community in selecting oil degraders and regulating their evolution in the northern Gulf of Mexico.
The nutritional needs of rabbits.

Rabbits are strict herbivores who require a high-fibre, abrasive diet for optimum digestive function. Diet plays a key role in preventing or lessening in severity several common health problems, as...
The Karbalization of Lebanon: Karbala as lieu de mémoire in Hezbollah’s Ashura narrative:

This article draws on the unique backdrop of Lebanese sociopolitical history to explore a lieu de memoire that figures centrally in the rhetoric of Hezbollah around Ashura, the 10th night of the commemoration of Imam Hussein’s death at Karbala. Using an analysis of the speeches of Hezbollah Secretary General Hassan Nasrallah on Ashura, this article examines the party’s rhetoric around the battle of Karbala, and the revered leader’s death, through the three dimensions of lieux de memoire as identified by Pierre Nora, paying particular attention to the role of mediatization in the materiality of memory. It shows that lieux de memoire can in fact emerge in the absence of a nation-state, despite Nora’s testament to the contrary.
Coatings for concrete surfaces: Testing and modeling

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a combination of test methods and models to predict mass change and pinhole effect for coated concrete. It discusses test and analytical results for epoxy and polyurethane coatings. A series of full-scale and laboratory tests are developed to evaluate the performance of coating materials for protecting dry and wet concrete substrates exposed to sulfuric acid environments. Commercially available polymer and cement-based coatings are studied for a period of over five years. Analytical models are developed to predict mass change and holiday size effect on coated concrete. The performance of epoxy coated concrete in de-ionized (D.I.) water and 3% sulfuric acid is investigated. The chapter provides observations based on the experimental results and analyses. The full-scale hydrostatic test was used to evaluate the applicability of coatings onto concrete and two bonding tests were modified, based on the ASTM standards. Chemical resistance tests can evaluate the acid resistance of coated concrete. The film model and concrete model can be used to predict mass increase of coated concrete in reactive and non-reactive solutions.